HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an!

"uto ation

Introduction to Network Programming Using Java

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

Java starting point

Development platform

Unix/Linux/Windows available in t e department or computing center !ore information ttp"//www#tkk#fi/cc/computers/ Using $un JD% 'our program must run on desktop at !aari()

Deplo&ment platform

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

Java starting point *+,

Working wit development tools

Using ID- *-clipse. Net/eans. J0reator ###, Use existing libraries *)pac e 0ommons ###, Use of existing protocol implementations is forbidden )utomate compiling *)pac e )nt, and testing *JUnit, /ot programs are available in 1%% linux mac ines

1r& version control s&stems to s are &our code wit in &our group

ttp"//goblin#tkk#fi/c22/tutorials/svn# tml

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

Java starting point *3,

Information sources

1oda&4s slides and examples $un Java Documentation -xamples and tutorials available via searc engines $end mail to assistants *if ever&t ing else as failed,

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

/asic concepts

### concerning Java programming in general

-nvironment 5andling $treams 5andling 0 annels 5andling b&te arra&s 6esolving ostname 5andling address information 0reating $ockets $ending and receiving data using blocking / non(blocking met ods
,

### concerning network programming

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

Parse 0ommand Line in Java

public static void main(String[] args)
// String array containing the program arguments // Example iterating through array for (int i = 0 i ! args"length i##) $ String type = args[i##] String value = args[i] if(type"e%uals&gnore'ase(()l())$ // use value setExample*arameter( value ) + +

7r use t e existing packages like" ( )pac e 0ommons 0LI. see ttp"//commons#apac e#org/cli/

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

6esolve ostname

1ransform a s&mbolic name into a protocol(specific address $elect t e most suitable implementation for t e specific task Inet)ddress class for 3+(bit and 8+9(bit IP addresses used for unicast or multicast traffic Inet$ocket)ddress class is an implementation for t e IP address and port number pair used b& sockets for binding and connecting :ava#net#Inet)ddress :ava#net#Inet$ocket)ddress
.

)PI classes

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

$ocket 0reation *blocking,

,ava"net"Soc-et ,ava"net"ServerSoc-et ,ava"net".atagramSoc-et ,ava"net"/ulticastSoc-et

7pening a socket and using a stream for communication

java.net.Socket() 'reates an unconnected soc-et0 1ith the system)default type of Soc-et&mpl" java.net.Socket(InetAddress address, int port) 'reates a stream soc-et and connects it to the specified port number at the specified &* address" java.net.ServerSocket() 'reates an unbound server soc-et" java.net.ServerSocket(int port) 'reates a server soc-et0 bound to the specified port"
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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

$ocket 0reation *non(blocking,

,ava"nio"channels"Soc-et'hannel ,ava"nio"channels"ServerSoc-et'hannel

7pening a socket and using a c annel for communication

InetSocketAddress isa = new InetSocketAddress(targetAddrs, targetPort); // Connect SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(); sChannel.con ig!re"locking( alse); #oolean connected = sChannel.connect(isa); i (connected == alse)$ sChannel. inishConnect(); %

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

$ending data *blocking,

0onnection(oriented *10P,

:ava#net#$ocket*Inet)ddress address. int port,

0reates a stream socket and connects it to t e specified port number at t e specified IP address# Write into 7utput$tream using suitable $tream writers

:ava#net#$ocket#get7utput$tream*,

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

$ending data *blocking,

0onnectionless *UDP,

:ava#net#Datagram$ocket*int port,

0onstructs a datagram socket and binds it to t e specified port on t e local ost mac ine#

:ava#net#DatagramPacket*b&te;< buf. int lengt . Inet)ddress address. int port,

0onstructs a datagram packet for sending packets of lengt to t e specified port number on t e specified $ends a datagram packet from t is socket#

ost#

:ava#net#Datagram$ocket#send*DatagramPacket p,

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

6eceiving *blocking,

Data reception *10P, using a $ocket

Input$tream $ocket#getInput$tream*, 6ead Input$tream using suitable classes Datagram$ocket#receive*DatagramPacket pPacket, 6eceives a datagram packet from t is socket# 1 e DatagramPacket contains t e b&tes transmitted# 1o modif& socket be avior c eck t e setter met ods of t e specified implementation

Data reception *UDP, using a Datagram$ocket

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)$

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

$ending data *non(blocking,

// // SocketChannel sChannel tr& $ String 'essage = (P) co!rse(; "&te"! er #! = "&te"! er.wrap( 'essage.get"&tes() ); sChannel.write(content); % catch (I*+,ception e) $ // -*)* A!to.generated catch #lock e.printStack-race(); %

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

6eceiving data *non(blocking,

// // SocketChannel sChannel // Charset)ecoder decoder "&te"! er d#! = "&te"! er.allocate)irect(/012); Char"! er c# = n!ll; int readCo!nt = ./; tr& $ d#! .clear(); readCo!nt = sChannel.read(d#! ); d#! . lip(); c# = decoder.decode(d#! ); d#! . lip(); % catch (I*+,ception e) $ // -*)* A!to.generated catch #lock e.printStack-race(); %

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

/&te arra& operations

Using b&te arra& or :ava#nio#/&te/uffer
// array operations byte[] array = ne1 byte[23] int array4ength = array"lenght byte[] content = ne1 byte[array4ength] System"arraycopy(array0 00 content0 00 array4ength) // 5yte5uffer String example = 67ello8 5yte5uffer buffer = 5yte5uffer"1rap( example"get5ytes() ) 5yte5uffer buffer9 = buffer"dublicate() buffer9"order( 5yte:rder"5&;<E=.&>=) byte[] array9 = buffer9"array()

7r use existing libraries like )pac e 0ommons I7 ttp"//commons#apac e#org/io/api(release/index# tml

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

0oncurrenc&
-vent /ased *$ingle 1 read 5andling man& connections,
See event #ased sol!tion ro' e,a'ples !sing java.nio.Channels

Using 1 reads
// // 3eceiver-hread i'ple'ents 3!nna#le inter ace 3eceiver-hread reveicerConnection = new 3eceiver-hread(); receiver = new -hread(reveicerConnection); receiver.start();

=or t e beginners read tutorials like ttp"//:ava#sun#com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/concurrenc&/ ttp"//:ava#sun#com/:+se/8#>#?/docs/guide/concurrenc&/index# tml ttp"//www#ibm#com/developerworks/edu/:(dw(:avat read(i# tml

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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

7t ers *8,

1r& to keep &our classes as simpl& as possible

group a certain set of functionalities into a specified class

Use design patterns to get a controlled structure for &our program

=or example 7bserver @ 7bservable pattern can be used to deliver t e received data for multiple users i#e# $erver must replicate data for multiple receivers"

$ocket container *source, implements 7bservable interface 0lient connection creates an instance of t e client container t at implements an 7bserver interface W en client container is created t e client observer is registered to t e observable source
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HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Electronics, Co unications an! "uto ation

7t ers *+,
6emember alwa&s to terminate program and release resources
-o handle sh!tdown signal !se addSh!tdown4ook() 'ethod or 3!nti'e class 3!nti'e.get3!nti'e().addSh!tdown4ook(new -hread() $ p!#lic void r!n() $ S&ste'.o!t.println ((Called at sh!tdown.(); % %); *ther alternative is to !se handle() 'ethod in s!n.'isc.Signal class to catch signals p!#lic static void 'ain(String56 args) throws +,ception $ Signal.handle(new Signal((I7-(), new Signal4andler () $ p!#lic void handle(Signal sig) $ S&ste'.o!t.println( (3eceived a interr!pt88(); % %); // %
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