PCJR Technical Reference Nov83

Update to the IBM PCjr Technical
Reference
This update contains information that is pertinent to
the IBM PC Compact Printer.
Insert the pages contained in this package into your
IBM PCjr Technical Reference.
The following pages replace existing pages in your
Technical Reference.
Table of Contents (vii, viii, ix, and x)
3-3 and 3-4
AI and A2
BI and B2
0-7 and 0-8
Index-\ through Index-24
Add the following pages to your Technical Reference.
Tab Index xi, xii, xiii, xiv
3-133 through 3-150
B-47
6322971
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Personal Computer PCjr
Hardware Reference
Library
Technical
Reference
First Edition Revised (November 1983)
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these
changes will be incorporated in new editions of this publication.
Products are not stocked at the address below. Requests for
copies of this product and for technical information about the
system should be made to your authorized IBM Personal
Computer dealer.
A Reader's Comment Form is provided at the back of this
publication. If this form has been removed, address comments to
IBM Corporation, Personal Computer, P.O. Box 1328-C, Boca
Raton, Florida 33432. IBM may use or distribute any of the
information you supply in any way it believes appropriate without
incurring any obligations whatever.
Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1983
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
Warning: This equipment has been certified to
comply with the limits for a Class B computing
device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
rules. Only peripherals (computer input/output
devices, terminals, printers, etc.) certified to comply
with the Class B limits may be attached to this
computer. Operation with non-certified peripherals
is likely to result in interference to radio and TV
reception.
INSTRUCTIONS TO USER
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency
energy and if not installed and used properly, i.e., in
strict accordance with the operating instructions,
reference manuals, and the service manual, may cause
interference to radio or television reception. It has been
tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of
FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable
protection against such interference when operated in a
residential installation.
If this equipment does cause interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
Reorient the receiving antenna.
Relocate the equipment with respect to the receiver.
Move the equipment away from the receiver.
Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that
equipment and receiver are on different branch
circuits.
Ensure that side option mounting screws,
attachment connector screws, and ground wires are
tightly secured.
If peripherals not offered by mM are used with this
equipment, it is suggested that you use shielded,
grounded cables with in-line filters, if necessary.
If necessary, consult your dealer service representative
for additional suggestions.
The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or
TV interference caused by unauthorized modifications
to this equipment. It is the responsibility of the user to
correct such interference.
CAUTION
This product is equipped with a UL listed and
CSA-certified plug for the user's safety. It is to be
used in conjunction with a properly grounded 115
Vac receptacle to avoid electrical shock.
Preface
The IBM PCjr Technical Reference manual describes
the hardware design and provides interface information
for the IBM PCjr. This publication also has
information about the basic input/output system
(BIOS) and programming support.
The information in this publication is both descriptive
and reference oriented, and is intended for hardware
and software designers, programmers, engineers, and
interested persons who need to understand the design
and operation of the IBM PCjr computer.
You should be familiar with the use of the IBM PCjr,
and understand the concepts of computer architecture
and programming.
This manual has five sections:
Section 1: "Introduction" is an overview of the basic
system and available options.
Section 2: "Base System" describes each functional
part of the base system. This section also has
specifications for power, timing, and interfaces.
Programming considerations are supported by coding
tables, command codes, and registers.
Section 3: "System Options" describes each available
option using the same format as Section 2: "Base
System."
iii
iv
Section 4: "Compatibility with the mM Personal
Computer Family" describes programming concerns for
maintaining compatibility between the mM PCjr and
the other mM Personal Computers.
Section 5: "System BIOS and Usage" describes the
basic input/output system (BIOS) and its use. This
section also contains the software interrupt listing, a
system memory map, descriptions of vectors with
special meanings, and a set of low-storage maps. In
addition, keyboard encoding and usage is discussed.
This publication has four appendixes:
Appendix A: "ROM BIOS Listing"
Appendix B: "Logic Diagrams"
Appendix C: "Characters, Keystrokes, and Color"
Appendix D: "Unit Specifications"
Prerequisite Publication:
Guide to Operations part number 1502291
Guide to Operations part number 1502292
Suggested Reading:
IBM PCjr Hands on BASIC part number 1504702
IBM PCjr BASIC Reference Manual part number
6182371
Disk Operating System (DOS) part number 6024061
Hardware Maintenance and Service Manual part
number 1502294
Macro Assembler part number 6024002
Related publications are listed in "Bibliography."
Contents
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ............. 1-1
Introduction ......................... 1-3
SECTION 2. BASE SYSTEM ............... 2-1
Introduction ......................... 2-5
Processor and Support ................ 2-13
Performance .................... 2-13
8259A Interrupt Controller ............ 2-15
PCjr Hardware Interrupts ......... 2-15
8259A Programming Considerations . 2-16
64K RAM .......................... 2-17
ROM Subsystem ..................... 2-19
Input/Output Channel ................ 2-21
System Board I/O Channel Description 2-23
Input/Output ................... 2-29
8255 Bit Assignments ............. 2-30
Cassette Interface .................... 2-39
Video Color Graphics Subsystem ....... 2-43
Major Components Definitions ..... 2-47
Palette ......................... 2-50
Alphanumeric Modes ............. 2-54
Graphics Mode .................. 2-55
Video Gate Array ................ 2-63
Light Pen ...................... 2-74
CRT/Processor Page Register ...... 2-79
Beeper .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-85
Sound Subsystem .................... 2-87
Complex Sound Generator ......... 2-88
Audio Tone Generator ............ 2-89
Infra-Red Link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-97
Infra-Red Receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-97
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard .......... 2-101
Transmitter ..................... 2-103
v
Program Cartridge and Interface ....... 2-107
Program Cartridge Slots .......... 2-107
Cartridge Storage Allocations ...... 2-108
ROM Module .................. 2-114
Games Interface .................... 2-119
Interface Description ............ 2-119
Input from Address Hex 201 ....... 2-120
Pushbuttons ................... 2-122
Joystick Positions ............... 2-122
Serial Port (RS232) .................. 2-125
Modes of Operation ............. 2-128
Interrupts ..................... 2-129
Interface Description ............ 2-129
Voltage Interchange Information ... 2-130
System Power Supply ................ 2-135
Operating Characteristics ......... 2- I 36
Over-Voltage/Over-Current
Protection .................... 2-137
SECTION 3. SYSTEM OPTIONS ......... .. 3-1
IBM PC}r 64KB Memory and Display
Expansion .......................... 3-5
IBM PC}r Diskette Drive Adapter ...... 3-13
Functional Description ............ 3-15
System I/O Channel Interface ...... 3-19
Drive Interface .................. 3-22
Voltage and CurrenfRequirements .. 3-24
IBM PC}r Diskette Drive ............. 3-27
Diskette ........................... 3-31
IBM PC}r Internal Modem ............ 3-33
Modem Design Parameters ......... 3-37
Programming Considerations ....... 3-40
Status Conditions ................ 3-60
Dialing and Loss of Carrier ... . . . . .. 3-60
Default State .................... 3-63
Programming Examples ........... 3-63
vi
Modes of Operation .............. 3-68
Interrupts ....................... 3-70
Data Format ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-70
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-70
IBM PC}r Attachable Joystick .......... 3-77
Hardware Description ............. 3-77
IBM Color Display ................... 3-81
Hardware Description. . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-81
Operating Characteristics .......... 3-82
IBM Connector for Television .......... 3-85
IBM PC}r Keyboard Cord ............. 3-87
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for Serial Devices 3-89
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for Cassette ... 3-91
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for the IBM Color
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-93
IBM PC}r Parallel Printer Attachment ... 3-95
Description ...................... 3-96
System Interface .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-98
Programming Considerations ...... 3-99
IBM Graphics Printer ................ 3-107
Printer Specifications ............ 3-107
Additional Printer Specifications .. 3-109
DIP Switch Settings ............. 3-110
Parallel Interface Description ..... 3-112
Printer Modes .................. 3-115
Printer Control Codes ............ 3-116
IBM PC Compact Printer . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-133
Printer Specifications ............ 3-135
Serial Interface Description ....... 3-139
Print Mode Combinations for the PC
Compact Printer ............... 3-140
Printer Control Codes and Functions 3-140
SECTION 4. COMPATIBILITY WITH THE IBM
PERSONAL COMPUTER FAMILY ....... 4-1
Compatibility Overview .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-3
Timing Dependencies. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-5
Unequal Configurations ................ 4-7
vii
Hardware Differences .................. 4-9
User Ready/Write Memory ........ 4-12
Diskette Capacity/Operation ....... 4-13
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard ...... 4-14
Color Graphics Capability ......... 4-15
Black and White Monochrome Display 4-18
RS232 Serial Port and IBM PCjr
Internal Modem ................. 4-18
Summary ............................ 4-19
SECTION 5. SYSTEM BIOS USAGE. . . . .. .. 5-1
ROM BIOS ........................... 5-3
BIOS Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-5
Vectors with Special Means ......... 5-8
Other Read/Write Memory Usage. . . . . .. 5-13
BIOS Programming Guidelines ..... 5-18
Adapter Cards with System-Accessible
ROM-Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-18
Keyboard Encoding and Usage ......... 5-21
Cordless keyboard Encoding ....... 5-21
Special Handling ................. 5-34
Non-Keyboard Scan-Code Architecture5-42
BIOS Cassette Logic .................. 5-47
Software Algorithms - Interrupt
Hex 15 ......................... 5-47
Cassette Write ................... 5-48
Cassette Read .................... 5-49
Data Record Architecture ......... 5-50
Error Detection .................. 5-51
Appendix A. ROM BIOS LISTING ......... A-I
Equates and Data Areas ............ A-3
Power-On Self-Test ................ A-7
Boot Strap Loader ................ A-26
N on-Keyboard Scan-Code Table .... A-38
Time-of-Day ..................... A-42
Graphics-Character Generator
(Second 128 Characters) .......... A-54
viii

I I 0 Support ..................... A-97
System Configuration Analysis ..... A-97
Graphics-Character Generator
(First 128 Characters) ........... A-103
Print Screen .................... A-I08
Appendix B. LOGIC DIAGRAMS .......... B-1
System Board ..................... B-3
Program Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B-20
Power Supply Board .............. B-23
64KB Memory and Display
Expansion ...................... B-25
Color Display .................... B-29
Diskette Drive Adapter ............ B-30
Internal Modem .................. B-36
Parallel Printer Attachment ........ B-37
Infra-Red Receiver Board .......... B-42
Graphics Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B-43
Compact Printer ................. B-47
Appendix C. CHARACTERS, KEYSTROKES, and
COLOR ................................ C-l
Appendix D. UNIT SPECIFICATIONS ...... D-l
System Unit ...................... D-I
Cordless Keyboard ................ D-2
Diskette Drive .................... D-3
Color Display .................... D-5
Graphics Printer .................. D-6
Internal Modem .................. D-7
Compact Printer .................. D-8
Glossary ............................ Glossary-l
Bibliography .................... Bibliography-l
Index ................................ Index-l
ix
Notes:
x
TAB INDEX
Section 1: Introduction
...............................
Section 2: Base System .............................. .
Section 3: System Options ........................... .
Section 4: Compatibility With the IBM Personal
Computer Family
Section 5: System BIOS Usage ....................... .
Appendix A: ROM BIOS Listing ..................... .
xi
Notes:
xii
Appendix B: Logic Diagram ......................... .
Appendix C: Characters, Keystrokes, and Color ........ .
Appendix D: Unit Specifications ...................... .
Glossary .......................................... .
Bibliography ....................................... .
Index ............................................. .
xiii
Notes:
xiv
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1-1
Notes:
1-2
Introduction
The system unit, a desk top transformer, and a cordless
keyboard make up the hardware for the PCjr base
system.
The following options are available for the base system:
mM PCjr 64KB Memory and Display Expansion
The 64KB Memory and Display Expansion
enables the user to work with the higher density
video modes while increasing the system's
memory size by 64K Bytes to a total of 128K
Bytes.
mM PCjr Diskette Drive Adapter
The mM PCjr Diskette Drive Adapter permits
the attachment of the mM PCjr Diskette Drive
to the IBM PCjr and resides in a dedicated
connector on the mM PCjr system board.
mM PCjr Diskette Drive
The mM PCjr Diskette Drive is double-sided
with 40 tracks for each side, is fully
self -contained, and consists of a spindle drive
system, a read positioning system, and a
read/write/ erase system.
mM PC jrInternal Modem
- The IBM PCjr Internal Modem is an adapter
that plugs into the PCjr system board modem
connector and allows communications over
standard telephone lines.
Introduction 1-3
mM PCjr Parallel Printer Attachment
The mM PCjr Parallel Printer Attachment is
provided to attach various I/O devices that
accept eight bits. of parallel data at standard TTL
logic levels. It attaches as a feature to the right
side of the system unit.
IBM Personal Computer Graphics Printer
mM Graphics Printer is an 80 cps
(characters-per-second), self-powered,
stand-alone, tabletop unit.
IBM PCjr Joystick
- The IBM PCjr Joystick is an input device to
provide the user with two-dimensional
positioning-control. Two pushbutton switches
on the joystick give the user additional input
capability.
mM Color Display
The IBM Color Display is a Red/Green/Blue
/Intensity (RGBI) Direct-Drive display, that is
independently housed and powered.
mM Connector for Television
The mM Connector for Television allows a TV
to be connected to the mM PCjr system.
IBM PCjr Keyboard Cord
1-4 Introduction
The mM PCjr Keyboard Cord option is used to
connect the mM PCjr Cordless Keyboard to the
system board.
IBM PClr Adapter Cable for Serial Devices
- This option is an adapter cable that allows
connection of serial devices to the IBM PC lr
system board.
IBMPClr Adapter Cable for Cassette
This option is an adapter cable that allows a
cassette recorder to be connected to the IBM
PClr.
IBM PClr Adapter Cable for Color Display
This adapter cable allows the IBM Color Display
to be connected to the IBM PClr.
The following is a block diagram of the IBM PClr
system.
Introduction 1-5
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,,,,.
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IR(l5
System Block Diagram (Sheet 1 of 2)
1-6 Introduction
IlATAour
lS314
fiOPIN
I/OCONIII
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I--------------{[ AUIIIOII.lARM

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((r-C::::::, KEYBOARD
TELEVISIOM
L-___________ __ lIGIiTPEN
.\ These camconenls are on 64KB memory and
npansluncard. They are included 1Iere lor I:ompleteness
System Block Diagram (Sheet 2 of 2)
Introduction 1-7
Notes:
1-8 Introduction
SECTION 2. BASE SYSTEM
Contents
Introduction ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-5
Processor and Support ................... 2-13
Performance ......................... 2-13
8259A Interrupt ControUer ............. 2-15
PCjr Hardware Interrupts .............. 2-15
8259A Programming Considerations ...... 2-16
64K RAM ........... 2-17
R OM Subsystem ..................... 2-19
Input/Output Channel ................... 2-21
System Board I/O Channel Description .... 2-23
Input/Output ........................ 2-29
8255 Bit Assignments ................. 2-30
8255 Bit Assignment Description ...... 2-31
Port AO Output Description. . . . . . . . . .. 2-35
Port AO Input Operation ............. 2-36
Cassette Interface .................. 2-39
Video Color/Graphics Subsystem .......... 2-43
Major Components Definitions ........... 2-47
Motorola 6845 CRT Controller ........ 2-47
Storage Organization ................ 2-47
Bandwidth ........................ 2-49
Character Generator ................ 2-49
Video Gate Array .................. 2-49
Palette .............................. 2-50
2-1
2-2
Alphanumeric Modes .................. 2-54
Graphics Mode ....................... 2-55
Low-Resolution 16-Color Graphics ..... 2-56
Medium-Resolution 4-Color Graphics ... 2-57
Medium-Resolution 16-Color Graphics .. 2-58
High-Resolution 2-Color Graphics ..... 2-58
High-Resolution 4-Color Graphics ..... 2-59
Graphics Storage Organization ........ 2-60
Video Gate Array ..................... 2-63
Mode Control 1 Register ............. 2-64
Palette Mask Register ............... 2-65
Border Color Register ............... 2-66
Mode Control 2 Register ............. 2-66
Reset Register ..................... 2-69
Palette Registers ................... 2-71
Status Register ..................... 2-73
Light Pen ............................ 2-74
Programming Considerations .......... 2-75
CRT jProcessor Page Register ........... 2-79
Beeper ................................ 2-85
Sound Subsystem ........................ .
Complex Sound Generator ............. .
Audio Tone Generator ................ .
Features ......................... .
Infra-Red Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Infra-Red Receiver .................... .
Functional Description ............. .
Application Notes ................. .
Programming Considerations ......... .
Detectable Error Conditions ......... .
Operational Parameters
2-87
2-88
2-89
2-89
2-97
2-97
2-97
2-98
2-99
2-99
2-100
mM PCjr Cordless Keyboard .............. 2-101
Transmitter .......................... 2-103
Program Cartridge and Interface ....... 2-107
Program Cartridge Slots ............... 2-107
Cartridge Storage Allocations ........... 2-108
ROM Module ....................... 2-114
Games Interface ................ 2-119
Interface Description .................. 2-119
Input from Address hex 201 ............ 2-120
Pushbuttons ......................... 2-122
Joystick Positions .................... 2-122
Serial Port (RS232) ........ 2-125
Modes of Operation .................. 2-128
Interrupts .......................... 2-129
Interface Description .................. 2-129
Voltage Interchange Information ........ 2-130
Output Signals .................... 2-131
Accessible Registers ............... 2-131
INS8250A Programmable Baud Rate
Generator ....................... 2-132
System Power Supply .............. 2-135
Operating Characteristics .............. 2-136
Power Supply Input Requirements ..... 2-136
DC Outputs ..................... 2-136
Over-Voltage/Over-Current Protection ... 2-137
Input (Transformer) ............... 2-137
Output (Power Board) .............. 2-137
2-3
Notes:
2-4
Introduction
The PCjr base-system hardware consists of the system
unit, a 62-key cordless-keyboard, and a power
transformer.
The PCjr system board is the center of the PCjr system
unit. The system board fits horizontally in the base of
the system unit and is approximately 255 mm by 350
mm (10 inches by 13.8 inches). It is double-sided, with
an internal-power/ground plane. Low voltageac
power enters the power supply adapter, is converted to
dc voltage, and enters the system board through the
power supply adapter edge-connector. Other system
board connectors provide interfaces for a variety of
input/ output (I/O) devices and are individually keyed
to prevent improper installation. The following is a list
of these connectors:
64KB Memory and Display Expansion Connector
Diskette Drive Adapter Connector
Internal Modem Connector
Infra-Red (IR) Link Receiver Board Connector
Program Cartridge Connectors (2)
I/O Channel Expansion Connector
Serial Port (RS232) Connector (with optional
adapter cable)
Direct Drive (RGBI) Video Connector
Composite Video Connector
IBM Connector for Television Connector (external
RF modulator)
Light Pen Connector
External Audio Connector
IBM PCjr Keyboard Cord Connector
Cassette Connector (with optional adapter cable)
IBM PCjr Attachable Joystick Connectors (2)
Introduction 2-5
The system board consists of seven functional
subsystems: the processor subsystem and its support
elements, the read-only (ROM) subsystem, the
read/write (R/W) subsystem, the audio subsystem, the
video subsystem, the games subsystem, and the II 0
channel. All are described in this section.
The nucleus of the system board is the Intel 8088
microprocessor. This processor is an 8-bit external bus
version of Intel's 16-bit 8086 processor, and is
software-compatible with the 8086. The 8088 supports
16-bit operations, including multiplication and division,
and supports 20 bits of addressing (1 megabyte of
storage). It operates in the minimum mode at 4.77
MHz. This frequency, which is derived from a
14.31818-MHz crystal, is divided by 3 for the
processor clock, and by 4 to obtain the 3.58-MHz
color-burst signal required for color televisions.
For additional information about the 8088, refer to the
publications listed in "Bibliography".
The processor is supported by a set of high-function
support-devices providing three 16-bit timer-counter
channels, and nine prioritized-interrupt levels.
The three programmable timer/counters are provided
by an Intel 8253-5 programmable interval-timer and are
used by the system in the following manner: Channel 0
is used as a general-purpose timer providing a constant
time-base for implementing a time-of-day clock;
Channel 1 is used to deserialize the keyboard data and
for time-of-day overflow during diskette operations.
Channel 2 is used to support the tone generation for the
audio speaker and to write data to the cassette.
Of the nine prioritized levels of interrupt, three are
bused to the system's 110 channel for use by adapters.
Five levels are used on the system board. Level 0, the
2-6 Introduction
highest priority, is attached to Channel 0 of the
timer/ counter and provides a periodic interrupt for the
time-of-day clock; leve13 is the serial-port-access
interrupt; level 4 is the modem-access interrupt; level 5
is the vertical-retrace interrupt for the video; and level
six is the diskette drive adapter-access interrupt. The
non-maskable interrupt (NMI) of the 8088 is attached
to the keyboard-interface circuits and receives an
interrupt for each scan code sent by the keyboard.
The system board supports both read-only memory
(ROM) and R/W memory (RAM). It has space for
64K bytes by 8 bits of ROM. There are two module
sockets that accept a 32K byte by 8 bit ROM module.
ROM is aligned at the top of the 8088's address space.
This ROM contains the Power-On Self-Test,
cassette-BASIC interpreter, cassette-operating system,
I/O drivers, dot patterns for 256 characters in graphics
mode, a diskette bootstrap-loader and user-selectable
diagnostic-routines.
Introduction 2-7
The system board contains the following major
functional components:
8088 Microprocessor
64KROM
128K ROM Cartridge Interface
64K Dynamic RAM
64KB Memory and Display Expansion Interface
Serial Port (RS232)
Audio Alarm (Beeper)
Sound Subsystem
Cassette Interface
Joystick Interface
Keyboard Interface
Modem Interface
Diskette Interface
Video/Graphics Subsystem
Light Pen Interface
I/O Expansion Bus
9-Level Interrupt
The following is a block diagram of the System Board.
2-8 Introduction

IR Link or Keyboard Cable
Connector
2 Joysticks
4 Buttons
Power
Key-
128K
64K RS232-C
board
ROM
Serial
Supply Joystick
Cart.
RAM Serial
Printer
Inter-
Conn.
face
Conn.
Conn. Interface
OSC
64K 64K
1/0 Parallel
9 Level
Clock
8088
ROM RAM
Channel Printer
Control
Interrupt
on on
Conn. Attach.
Board Board
Audio Diskette
Modem
Video
and Drive Cassette
...-
Cassette
Adapter Audio Adapter Interface Deck
Alarm Interface
-
RF
Mod.
r-

Diskette Drive
External Amplifier
and Speaker
Home
-
Television
I
Composite Video
I I
RGBI
Monitor
r
Light Pen
I I
Telephone
System Board Block Diagram
Introduction 2-9
Infra- Red Receiver
B15
Right Side
System Board Connector Specifications (Part 1 of 3)
,-------Diskette Drive Adapter Connector
------- Internal Modem Connector
-----64KB Memory Expansion Connector
Power Board Connector
Internal Modem
Grounding Pins
If
Left Side
Rear
Front View
ro
T v
:J::::::::::::::::::I::: ::mmnmri::::::nnmmm::::::mmmrrn::::::i:::
1/0 Expansion Connector
Right Side View
Letter
Designation
J
J
L
K
LP
T
Connector Use
Left Joystick
Right Joystick
Spare
Keyboard
Light Pen
Television
Letter
Designation
V
D
S
C
A
Connector Use
Composite Video
Direct Drive Video
Serial Device
Cassette
Audio
Processor and Support
The (R) Intel 8088 Microprocessor is used as the
system's central processor. Some of its characteristics
are:
4.77 MHz clock
20 bit address bus
8-bit memory interface
16-bit ALU (arithmatic/logic unit) and registers
Extensive instruction set
DMA and interrupt capabilities
Hardware fixed-point multiply and divide
The system clock is provided by one Intel 8284A clock
chip. The 8088 is operated in the minimum mode.
Performance
The 8088 is operated at 4.77 MHz which results in a
clock cycle-time of 210 ns.
Normally four clock cycles are required for a bus cycle
so that an 840 ns ROM memory cycle time is achieved.
RAM write and read cycles will incur an average of two
wait states because of sharing with video, leading to an
average of six clock cycles. I/O reads and writes also
take six clock cycles leading to a bus cycle time of
1.260 f.J.s.
Processor and Support 2-13
Notes:
2-14 Processor and Support
8259A Interrupt Controller
PCjr Hardware Interrupts
8088
8259A
8259A
8259A
8259A
8259A
8259A
8259A
8259A
Nine hardware levels of interrupts are available for the
PC}r system. The highest-priority interrupt is the NMI
interrupt in the 8088. The NMI is followed by eight
prioritized interrupt-levels (0-7) in the 8259A
Programmable Interrupt Controller, with IRQ 0 as the
highest and IRQ 7 as the lowest. The interrupt level
assignments follow:
Level Function
NMI Keyboard Interrupt
IRQ 0 Timer Clock Interrupt
IRQ 1 I/O Channel (Reserved)
IRQ 2 I/O Channel
IRQ 3 Asynchronous Port Interrupt (RS-232C)
IRQ 4 Modem Interrupt
IRQ 5 Vertical Retrace Interrupt (Display)
IRQ 6 Diskette Interrupt
IRQ 7 I/O Channel (Parallel Printer)
Hardware Interrupts
Interrupt Controller 2-15
8259A Programming Considerations
0263
0265
0267
0269
The 8259A is set up with the following characteristics:
Buffered Mode
8086 Mode
Edge Triggered Mode
Single Mode Master (No Cascading is Allowed)
The 8259A I/O is located at I/O address hex 20 and
hex 21. The 8259A is set up to issue interrupt types hex
8 to hex F which use pointers to point to memory
address hex 20 to hex 3F.
The following figure is an example setup.
BO 13 MaY AL,13H ; ICW I - Reset edge
sense circuit set
single
; 8259 Chip and ICW4
read
E6 20 OUT INTAOO,AL
B008 MaY AL,8 ; ICW2 - Set interrupt
type 8 (8-F)
E6 21 OUT INTAOI,AL
026B B009 MaY AL,9 ; ICW4 - Set buffered
model master
and 8086 mode
0260 E6 21 OUT INTAOI,AL
Example Set Up
2-16 Interrupt Controller
64KRAM
The 64K bytes of R/W memory reside on the system
board and require no user configuration.
Eight 64K byte by 1,150 ns, dynamic memory modules
are used to provide 64K byte of storage. The RAM has
no parity. Sources of these memory modules include
the Motorola MCM6665AL15 and the Texas
Instruments TMS4164-15 or equivalent.
The system board 64K RAM is mapped at the bottom
of the 1 MEG address space. The system board 64K
RAM is mapped to the next 64K bytes of address space
if the 64KB Memory and Display Expansion option is
not installed. If read or written to, this higher block of
address space will look just like the low-order 64K-byte
block. This means the bottom 128K bytes of address
space is always reserved for RAM. If the 64KB
Memory and Display Expansion option is installed, it is
mapped to the I ODD I memory space within the 128K
byte-reserved space while the system board memory is
mapped to the I EVEN I space. Memory refresh is
provided by the 6845 CRT Controller and gate array.
The gate array cycles the RAM and resolves contention
between the CRT and processor cycles.
See "IBM PCjr 64KB Memory and Display Expansion"
in Section 3 for a detailed description.
64K RAM 2-17
Notes:
2-1864KRAM
ROM Subsystem
The ROM subsystem is made up of 64K bytes of ROM
aligned at the top of the 1 MEG address space. The
ROM is built using 32K byte by 8 ROM-modules. The
ROM has no parity. The general memory specifications
for the ROM are:
Access Time - 250 ns
Cycle Time - 375ns
ROM modules Mk 38000 from Mostek, TMM23256P
or equivelent are used. Address A 14 is wired to both
pin 1 and pin 27.
The following figure is a map of the sections of memory
allocated for use by the system:
ROM Subsystem 2-19
FFFFF
BIOSI Diagnosticl Cassette
Basic Program Area
FOOOO
Standard Application artridge
Standard Application Cartridge
E8000
Cartridge
Chip
Selects
EOOOO
Reserved For Future Cartridge
08000
Reserved For Future Cartridge
00000
Reserved for
1/0 ROM
COOOO
Video RAM
B8000
Reserved
Future
Video
AOOOO
Reserved
Future User
RAM
20000
Expansion RAM
10000
Base RAM
00000
Memory Map
2-20 ROM Subsystem
Input Output Channel
The Input/Out channel (I/O) is an extension of the
8088 microprocessor bus. It is however, demultiplexed,
repowered, and enhanced by the addition of interrupts.
The I/O channel contains an 8-bit bidirectional bus, 20
address lines, 3 levels of interrupt, control lines for
memory and I/O read or write, clock and timing lines,
and power and ground for the adapters. Voltages of
+5 dc and + 12 dc are provided for external adapters.
Any additional power needs will require a separate
power-module.
All 1/ 0 Channel functions are bused to the right-hand
side of the system unit and are provided by a
right-angle, 60-pin connector. Each external adapter
connects to the I/O bus and passes the bus along for
the next attachment.
A I ready I line is available on the I/O Channel to allow
operation with slow I/O or memory devices. If the
channel's I ready I line is not activated by an addressed
device, all processor-generated memory-read and write
cycles take four 210-ns clocks or 840-ns/byte. All
processor-generated I/O-read or write cycles require
six clocks for a cycle time of 1.26-/Ls/byte.
The I/O Channel also contains the capability to add
bus masters to the channel. These devices could be
DMA devices or alternate processors.
The I/O Channel signals have sufficient drive to
support five I/O Channel expansion-adapters and the
internal modem and diskette drive adapter, assuming
one standard TTL load per attachment. For
information on power available for external adapters,
see "System Power Supply", later in this Section.
I/O Channel 2-21
Signal Name
D1
D2
D4
Shield
D7
AO
GND -
A2
Shield
A5
GND -
A6
KO
A8
-DAC
A11
A12
Shield
A15
Shield
A17
A19
Shield
-MEM
GND
GND
GND
R
-MEM W
GND
Y
-
-
-
-
ALE
Shield
IO/-M
READ
-CAR
Shield
IR07
AUDI
D SlCTD
-
GND
-
OIN
81 A1
85 A5
810 A10
815 A15
820 A20
825 A25
830 A30
liD Channel Expansion Connector Specifications
2-22 I/O Channel
Signal Name
DO
+12 Vdc
D3
D5
D6
+5 Vdc
A1
A3
A4
GND
A7
A9
A10
DROO
A13
A14
A16
GND
A18
-lOR
-lOW
GND
HDlA
ClK
RESET
+5 Vdc
-HRO
IR01
IR02
Reserved
System Board 110 Channel Description
The following is a description of the I/O Channel. All
signals are TTL compatible.
Signal
CLK
70 ns
Duty Cycle
RESET
AO-A19
110 Description
o System Clock: It is a
divide-by-three of the 14.31818
MHz oscillator and has a period
of 210 ns (4.77 MHz). The
clock has a 33% duty cycle.
140 ns 70 ns 140 ns
o This line is used to reset or
initialize system logic upon
power-up. This line is
synchronized to the failing edge
of the clock and is I active high I
Its duration upon power up is
26.5 p.s.
1/0 Address Bits 0 to 19: These lines
are used to address memory and
110 devices within the system.
The 20 address lines allow access
of up to 1 megabyte of memory.
AO is the least-significant- bit
(LSB) while A19 is the
most-significant-bit (MSB).
These lines are normally driven
by the 8088 microprocessor as
I/O Channel 2-23
DO-D7
ALE
READY
2-24 I/O Channel
outputs, but can become inputs
from an external bus-master by
issuing an HRQ and receiving an
HLDA.
I/O Data Bits 0-7: These lines
provide data-bus bits 0 to 7 for
the processor, memory, and I/O
devices. DO is the
least-significant-bit (LSB) and
D7 is the most-significant-bit
(MSB). These lines can be
controlled by an external
bus-master by issuing an HRQ
and receiving an HLDA.
o
I
Address Latch Enable: This line
is provided to allow the addition
of wait states in memory and I/O
cycles.
This line, normally 'high'
( 'ready'), is pulled 'low' (' not
ready' ) by a memory or I/O
device to lengthen I/O or
memory cycles. It allows slower
devices to attach to the I/O
Channel with a minimum of
difficulty. Any slow device
requiring this line should drive it
'low' immediately upon
detecting a valid address and
10/ -M signal. Machine cycles
(I/O and memory) are extended
by an integral number of CLK
cycles (210 ns). Any bus master
on the I/O Channel should also
honor this 'ready' line. It is
pulled 'low' by the system board
on memory read and write cycles
and outputting to the sound
subsystem.
IRQ1,IRQ2, I Interrupt Request 1,2, and 7:
IRQ7 These lines are used to signal the
processor that an I/O device
requires attention. They are
prioritized with IRQ 1 as the
highest priority and IRQ7 as the
lowest. An Interrupt Request is
generated by raising an IRQ line
( 'low' to 'high') and holding it
, high' until it is acknowledged
by the processor
(interrupt-service routine).
-lOR I/O I/O Read Command: This
command line instructs an II 0
device to drive its data onto the
data bus. This signal may be
driven by the 8088
microprocessor or by an external
bus-master after it has gained
control of the bus. This line is
active 'low'.
-lOW I/O I/O Write Command: This
command line instructs an II 0
device to read the data on the
driven by the 8088
active 'low'.
-MEMR I/O Memory Read Command: This
command line instructs the
I/O Channel 2-25
-MEMW
IO/-M
-HRQ
2-26 I/O Channel
memory to drive its data onto the
driven by the 8088
active 'low'.
I/O Memory Write Command: This
command line instructs the
memory to store the data present
on the data bus. This signal may
be driven by the 8088
active low.
110 110 or Memory Status: This
status line is used to distinguish a
memory access from an 1/0
access. This line should be
driven by a bus master after it
has gained control of the bus. If
this line is 'high' it indicates an
II 0 Address is on the Address
Bus; if this line is 'low', it
indicates a memory address is on
the Address Bus.
I Hold Request: This line indicates
that another bus master is
requesting the 1/0 Channel. To
gain bus-master status, a device
on the channel must assert -HRQ
(active 'low'). The 8088 will
respond to a -HRQ by asserting
an HLDA. After receiving an
HLDA, the new bus master may
DRQO o
-DACKO I
HLDA o
control the bus, and must
continue to assert the -HRQ until
it is ready to relinquish the bus. A
-HRQ is not an asynchronous
signal and should be
synchronized to the system clock.
All channel devices with
bus-master capabilities must latch
data-bit 04 during any 'Out I
instruction to AO-A7. The
resulting signal should be used to
qualify -HRQ as follows:
Latched value = 1--> -HRQ is
inhibited. Latched value =0 -- >
-HRQ is allowed. For more
detail, see the explanation of the
AO port.
This line comes from the floppy
disk controller (FOe) and can be
used by an external DMA to
indicate that a byte should be
transferred to the FOC.
This line should come from an
external OMA and should
indicate that a byte is being
transferred from memory to the
FDC.
Hold Acknowledge: This line
indicates to a bus master on the
channel that -HRQ has been
honored and that the 8088 has
floated its bus and control lines.
I/O Channel 2-27
-CARD
SLCTD
I
AUDIOIN I
2-28 I/O Channel
This line should be pulled down
by any adapter when it is selected
with address and IO/-M. This
line will be used for bus
expansion. It is pulled up with a
resistor and should be pulled
down with an open collector
device.
Channel devices may provide
sound sources to the
system-board sound-subsystem
through this line. It is 1 volt
peak-to-peak, dc biased at 2.5
volts above ground.
Input/ Output
Hex Range 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Device
20-27 o 0 o 0 1 0 0 X X AO PIC 8259
40-47 o 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Al AO Timer 8253-5
60-67
o 0 0 1 1 0 0 X Al AO PPI8255-5
AO-A7 o 0 1 0 I 0 0 X X X NMI Mask Reg.
CO-C7 o 0 1 1 0 0 0 X X X Sound
SN76496N
FO-FF o 0 1 1 1 I X A2 Al AO Diskette
200-207 1 0 000 0 0 X X X Joystick
2F8-2FF 1 0 1 1 I I 1 A2 AI AO Serial Port
3DO-3DF I I I I 0 I A3 A2 Al AO Video Subsystem
3F8-3FF 1 I I I I I I A2 Al AO Modem
1/0 Map
x = Don't care (that is, not in decode.)
Any 1/ a which is not decoded on the system board
may be decoded on the I/O Channel.
At Power-On time the NMI into the 8088 is masked
I off I. This mask bit can be set by system software
as follows:
Write to Port AO D7 =ENA NMI D6=IR TEST ENA
D5=SELC CLK! INPUT D4=+Disable HRQ
I/O Channel 2-29
II

1111
8255 Bit Assignments
PA Output
P AO Reserved for Keystroke Storage
PAl Reserved for Keystroke Storage
PA2 Reserved for Keystroke Storage
PA 7 Reserved for Keystroke Storage
PB Output
PBO + Timer2 Gate (Speaker)
PB I + Speaker Data
PB2 +Alpha (-Graphics)
PB3 + Cassette Motor Off
PB4 + Disable Internal Beeper and Cassette Motor
Relay
PB5 SPKR Switch a
PB6 SPKR Switch I
PB7 Reserved
PC Input
pca Keyboard Latched
PCI -Internal MODEM Card Installed
PC2 -Diskette Drive Card Installed
PC3 -64KB Memory and Display Expansion Installed
PC4 Cassette Data In
PC5 Timer Channel 2 Output
PC6 + Keyboard Data
PC7 -Keyboard Cable Connected
2-30 I/O Channel
2-28
8255 Bit Assignment Description
P AO tbm (Output
PA7 Lines)
PBO
PB1
PB2
(+Timer 2
Gate)
(+Speaker
Data)
(+Alpha
-Graphics)
Port A is configured as an output.
The output lines are not used by the
hardware, but are used to store
keystrokes. This is done to maintain
compatibility with the Personal
Computer, and Personal Computer
XT.
This line is routed to the gate input
of timer 2 on the 8253-5. When this
bit is 'low', the counter operation is
halted. This bit and PBI (+Speaker
Data) controls the operation of the
8253-5 sound source.
This bit ANDS 'off' the output of
the 8253-5 timer 2. It can be used to
disable the 8253-5 sound source, or
modify its output. When this bit is a
1, it enables the output, a 0 forces
the output to zero.
This bit is used to steer data from the
memory into the Video Gate Array.
This bit should be a 1 for all alpha
modes, and a 0 for all graphics
modes.
I/O Channel 2-31
PB3 (+Cassette When this bit is aI, the cassette
Motor Off)
relay is 'open' and the cassette
motor is 'off'. When this bit is a 0,
and PB4 = 0, the cassette motor is
'on'.
PB4 (+Disable When this bit is aI, the internal
internal beeper is 'disabled' and the 8253-5
beeper and timer 2 sound source can only be
cassette heard if it is steered to the audio
motor relay) output. This bit also disables the
cassette motor when it is a 1. To
, enable I the cassette motor, this bit
must be a O. In this case, PBI
should be used to gate 'off' the
internal beeper and 8253-5 sound
source.
PBS, (Speaker These bits steer one of 4 sound
PB6 switch 0,1) sources. This is available to the RF
modulator or the external audio jack.
The sound sources selected are
shown below.
PB6 PBS Sound Source
0 0 8253-5 Timer 2
0 1 Cassette Audio Input
1 0 I/O Channel Audio In
1 1 76496
PB7 (Open) Reserved for future use.
2-32 I/O Channel
PCO (Keyboard This input comes from a latch which
latched) is set to a 1 on the first rising edge of
the Keyboard Data stream. The
output of this latch also causes the
NMI to occur. This latch is cleared
by doing a dummy I Read I operation
to port AO. This input is provided so
that a program can tell if a keystroke
occurred during a time when the
NMI was masked I off I and a
keystroke has been missed. The
program will then be able to give an
error indication of the missed
keystroke.
PCI (-Modem When this bit is a 0, it indicates that
card the Internal Modem card is installed.
installed)
PC2 (-Diskette When this bit is a zero, it indicates
card that the Diskette Drive Adapter is
installed) installed.
PC3 (-64KB When this bit is a 0, it indicates that
Memory and the 64KB Memory and Display
Display Expansion is installed.
Expansion
installed)
1/ 0 Channel 2-33
PC4 (Cassette If the cassette-motor relay is
data in) , closed' , and the cassette motor is
, on ' , this pin will contain data
which has been wave shaped from
the cassette. If the cassette-motor
relay is 'off', this pin will contain
the same data as the 8253-5 timer 2
output.
PC5 (Timer This input is wired to the timer
channel 2 channel 2 output of the 8253-5.
output)
PC6 (+Keyboard This input contains keyboard data.
data) The keyboard data comes from the
cable if attached, or from the IR
Receiver if the cable is not attached.
PC7 (-Keyboard If this bit is 'low', it indicates that
cable the keyboard cable is connected.
connected)
2-34 I/O Channel
Port AO Output Description
D7 (Enable NMI)
D6 (IR test ENA)
D5 (Selc CUd input)
D4 (+Disable HRQ)
When this bit is ai, the NMI is
I enabled I When it is a 0, it is
I disabled I
This bit enables the 8253-5 timer 2
output into an IR diode on the IR
Receiver board. This information is
then wrapped back to the keyboard
input. If the cable is not connected,
timer 2 should be set for 40 kHz
which is the IR-modulation
frequency. This feature is used only
for a diagnostic test of the IR
Receiver board.
This bit selects one of two input Clks
to the 8253-5 timer 1. A 0 selects a
1.1925 MHz Clk input used to 'assist
the program in de-serializing the
keyboard data. A 1 selects the timer
o output to be used as the Clk input
to timer 1. This is used to catch timer
o overflows during diskette drive
operations when interrupts are
masked I off I. This is then used to
update the time-of-day.
This bit is not actually implemented
on the system board, but is supported
by the programming. This bit is used
to disable -HRQs from external
bus-masters (D MA, Alternate
Processors, etc.) The logic for
this bit must exist on each
bus-master attachment. A 0
should I enable I -HRQ, and a 1
should I disable I -HRQ.
I/O Channel 2-35
04
AOCS
+HRO from external
bus master
I
lS74

-
HROon 1/0

should be an open
or type device --- collect
Port AO Output Description
Port AO Input Operation
A I read I to II 0 port AO will clear the keyboard NMI
latch. This latch causes an NMI on the first rising edge
of the keyboard data if the enable NMI bit (port AO bit
D7) is Ion I. This latch can also be read on the 8255
PCO. The program can determine if a keystroke
occurred while the NMI was I disabled I by reading the
status of this latch. This latch must be cleared before
another NMI can be received.
The System board provides for selection of keyboard
data from either a cable or the IR-receiver board. The
IR-receiver board is mounted on the system board and
can receive data through an IR link. The source of the
keyboard's data is determined by the -Cable Connected
signal at the keyboard cable connector. Keyboard
serial data is available to the 8088 at bit PC6 of the
8255 PPI.
The system board is responsible for the de-serialization
of keyboard data. The start bit in the serial stream
causes an NMI to be generated. The 8088 then reads
the 8253 timer to determine when to interrogate the
2-36 I/O Channel
serial stream. After de-serialization the NMI
service-routine does a 'Read' from hex AO to clear the
NMI latch.
During certain time-critical operations, such as diskette
I/O, the processor will mask 'off' the NMI interrupt.
Keyboard inputs during this time cannot be serviced. A
keyboard latch is provided so that at the end of such
operations the processor will determine whether any
keys were pressed and take appropriate actions. The
keyboard latch is 'set' by any key being pressed and is
'reset' by 'Reading' the NMI port. (No data is
presented to the microprocessor during this 'Read'.)
Keyboard latch data is available to the processor at bit
peo of the 8255 PPI.
I/O Channel 2-37
Notes:
2-38 I/O Channel
Cassette Interface
The cassette interface is controlled through software.
An output from the 8253 timer controls the data to the
cassette recorder through the cassette connector at the
rear of the system board. The cassette-input data is
read by an input-port bit of the 8255A-5
programmable-peripheral-interface (PPI) (8255A-5
PC4). Software algorithms are used to generate and
read cassette-data. The cassette drive- motor is
controlled by Bit PB3 of the 8255. Bit PB4, which
'enables' the 7547 relay driver, must be 'low' when
the motor is to be turned on. The cassette interface has
a wrap feature which connects the output to the input
when the motor control is 'off'. See "BIOS Cassette
Logic" in Section 5 for information on data storage and
retrival.
A mechanism is provided that will direct the cassette
input to the audio subsystem. Please see "Sound
Subsection" in Section 2.
Circuit block diagrams for the cassette-interface read,
write, and motor control are illustrated in the following
figures.
Cassette Interface 2-39
1000k
Cassette
18 Ohm
Ohm
.... t--
GND
Resistor
Resistor
+5V
I Cassette
18k Ohm
OP
18k Ohm
Data In
roo-
0.047/-1F
to-
....
Amp
Capacitor Resistor
.......
LM358
Resistor
-sl
Audio
Subsystem
Silicon
18k Ohm
Data From
GND-
Diode
Cassette
Resistor
Vir .4V
Cathode
Recorder
I
Earphone
Jack
GND
Cassette-Interface Read-Hardware Block Diagram
+5V

74LS125
3.9k Ohm
8253 Timer #2
1'G
Resistor
D DRV
1
1
G ND
4.7k Ohm
Resistor
1
T 0.S78Vt o
AUX Inpu
1.2k Ohm
Resistor
1
T
-
0.075V to
150 Ohm
MIC Input
Resistor
I
GND
Cassette-Interface Write-Hardware Block Diagram
2-40 Cassette Interface
+5V
+5V
SN75475 Relay
Coil
+5
Clamp
Cassette
74LS04 Motor
Control
PB3
In
Out Coil
Motor
NOT
S
On
Com
PB4
VSS
Enable
Beeper/
Cassette
Motor
NOT
Relay GND
Cassette-Motor Control Block Diagram
Signal Name Pin Number
LOGIC GND A01
CASS AUDIO IN A02
MIKE AUDIO OUT A03
Cassette MOTOR CONTROL A04 System
KEY PLUG B01 Board
AUX DATA OUT B02
MOTOR CONTROL SW B03
SHIELD GND B04
Cassette Connector Specifications
Cassette Interface 2-41
Notes:
2-42 Cassette Interface
Video Color/Graphics Subsystem
The video subsystem is designed so that the IBM Color
Display, composite monitors, and a horne television set
can be attached. It is capable of operating in black-
and-white or color. It provides three video ports: a
composite-video, a direct-drive, and a connector for
an RF modulator to be used with horne televisions. In
addition, it contains a light pen interface.
Note: The IBM Personal Computer Monochrome
Display cannot be used with the PCjr system.
Note: An IBM Connector for Television option
must be obtained to attach a home TV.
The subsystem has two basic modes of operation:
alphanumeric (A/N) and all points addressable
graphics (AP A). Additional modes are available within
the A/N and AP A modes.
In the A/N mode, the display can be operated in either
a 40-column by 25-row mode for a low-resolution
display home television, or an 80-column by 25-row
mode for high-resolution monitors. In both modes,
characters are defined in an 8-wide by 8-high character
box and are 7-wide by 7-high, with one line of
descender. Both A/N modes can operate in either
color or black-and-white.
In the A/N black-and-white mode, the character
attributes of reverse video, blinking, highlighting and
gray shades are available.
In the A/N color mode, sixteen foreground-colors and
sixteen background-colors are available for each
character. In addition, blinking on a per-character basis
Video Subsystem 2-43
is available. When blinking is used, only eight
background-colors are available. One of 16 colors, or
gray shades can be selected for the screen's border in
all A/N modes.
In both A/N modes, characters are formed from a
ROM character-generator. The character generator
contains dot patterns for 256 different characters. The
character set contains the following major groupings of
characters:
16 special characters for game support
15 characters for word-processing editing support
96 characters for the standard-ASCII-graphics set
48 characters for foreign-language support
48 characters for business block-graphics (allowing
drawing of charts, boxes, and tables using single or
double lines)
16 selected Greek symbols
15 selected scientific-notation characters
In the APA mode, there are three resolutions available:
a low-resolution mode (160 PELs [Picture ELements]
by 200 rows), a medium-resolution mode (320 PELs by
200 rows), and a high-resolution mode (640 PELs by
200 rows).
Different color modes exist within each of the AP A
resolutions. Two, four, or sixteen colors are available in
AP A color, and two, four, or sixteen gray shades are
available in AP A black-and-white.
2-44 Video Subsystem
One of sixteen colors, or grey shades can be selected
for the screen's border in all APA modes.
The direct drive, composite video and RF Modulator
connector are right-angle-mounted connectors
extending through the rear of the system unit.
The video color/graphics subsystem is implemented
using a Motorola 6845 CRT controller device and a
Video Gate Array (VGA) (LSI5220). The video
subsystem is highly programmable with respect to raster
and character parameters. Thus many additional modes
are possible with the proper programming.
The following figure shows a block diagram of the
video color/graphics subsystem.
r Processo
Memory
Data Bus
Processo
Address
Processo
1/0
r
r
Data Bus
~
IAddress
1 Multiplexer
HAddress
6845
Multiplexer
CRT
Control
SYNCS
Video
Gate
Array
64K Expansion Card
I
I
-
Processor
I
f-
I 64Kx8
Data Latch
I
,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
I
RAM
I
I
DIN
-
I
~
-
I
I
CRT Data
~ I
I
Latch
I
l.
------1------- ~
DIN
L.
Processor
Data Latch
~
64Kx8
RAM
...
Character
f
Data Latch
RAS. CAS. WE
,
Control
Character
~
Generator
ROM
CRT
,
Data
CG Data
Latch
Latch
I J
RGBI Television
Direct
Syncs
Drive
Video
L.
Composite
Video ~ ~
Composite
logic
Video
r--------l
I RF ~
I I
Television
I Modulator
-1
I
I External I
L ______ ..J
Video Color/Graphic Subsystem Block Diagram
Major Components Definitions
Motorola 6845 CRT Controller
This device provides the necessary interface to drive a
raster-scan CRT. Additional information about this
component is provided in publications listed in
"Bibliography" .
Storage Organization
The base video-color / graphics-subsystem accesses 64 K
bytes of read/write memory (RAM). A 64KB Memory
and Display Expansion can be added to increase the
amount of system RAM to 128K bytes. This
memory-storage area serves two functions; as the
video-display buffer and as the system processor is
(8088) main-RAM.
The RAM is located at address hex 0000 and is either
64K bytes or 128K bytes with the memory expansion
option. The 8088 can access the memory by reading
from and writing to address locations hex 00000 to
IFFFF or by reading from or writing to the 16K-byte
region starting at address hex B8000. The page
affected by a read or write operation is determined by
the processor's page register. The processor can access
the RAM at any time in all modes with no adverse
effect to the video information. The page that the
video information is taken from is determined by the
CRT page register.
The processor and CRT page registers are write only
registers and can be changed at any time. These
registers allow the processor to work in one page while
the display is displaying another page. The processor
can switch pages at the vertical-retrace time. This will
aid animation on the video color/graphics subsystem.
cess or Pro
Rea
Ope
d/Write
rations
I
cessor Pro
Pag
Sele
e
ct
Also, since all 128K bytes of read/write memory are
available for display purposes, the application can use
as little or as much memory as needed for the display.
The following figure is a map of the video
color/ graphics subsystem.
Memory Map
Video

Page 7
Page 6
Page 5
Page 4
Page 3
Page 2
Page 1
Page 0
Hex
Address
COOOO
88000
20000
10000
00000
CRT Page
Select

Video Color/Graphics Subsystem Memory Map
Bandwidth
The video bandwidth is either 3.5, 7 or 14 MHz
depending on the mode of operation. The processor
bandwidth is the same for all modes. The processor is
allowed one cycle every 1.1 microseconds. An average
of two wait states will be inserted in a processor RAM
read cycle, because the average latency time for the
processor to get a cycle is 560 ns and the cycle time is
350 ns. There is no performance penalty for redirecting
processor reads and writes through the B8000 - BFFFF
address area. I'
Character Generator
The ROM character-generator consists of 2K bytes of
storage which cannot be read from, or written to under
software control. It is implemented with a
MCM68A316E or equivalent. Its specifications are
350 ns access, 350 ns cycle static operation. The
device is pin compatible with 2716 and 2732 EPROMS.
Video Gate Array
A CMOS gate array is used to generate storage-timing
(RAS, CAS, WE), direct-drive, composite-color and
status signals. See "Video Gate Array" later in this
section.
Palette
The video color/graphics subsystem contains a
16-word by 4-bit palette in the Video Gate Array
which takes PEL (Picture ELement) information from
the read/write memory and uses it to select the color to
display. This palette is used in all A/N and AP A
modes. Any input to the palette can be individually
masked I off I if a mode does not support the full
complement of 16 colors. This masking allows the user
to select a unique palette of colors whenever any mode
does not support all 16 colors.
In two-color modes, the palette is defined by using one
bit (PAO), with the following logic:
Palette Address Bit
PAO Function
0 Palette Register 0
I Palette Register I
Palette Logic (1 of 3)
In four-color modes, the palette is defined by using two
bits (PAl and PAO), with the following logic:
Palette Address Bits
PAl PAO Function
0 0 Palette Register 0
0 I Palette Register I
1 0 Palette Register 2
1 I Palette Register 3
Palette Logic (2 of 3)
In sixteen-color modes, the palette is defined by using
four bits (PA3, PA2, PAl, and PAO), with the
following logic:
Palette Address Bits
PA3 PA2 PAl PAO Function
0 0 0 0 Palette Register 0
Palette logic (3 of 3)
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The sixteen colors available to all AjN and APA
modes are selected through combinations of the I
(Intensity), R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue) bits. These
colors are listed in the following figure:
R G B Color
0 0 0 Black
0 0 1 Blue
0 1 0 Green
0 1 1 Cyan
1 0 0 Rcd
1 0 1 Magenta
1 1 0 Brown
1 1 1 Light Gray
0 0 0 Dark Gray
0 0 1 Light Blue
0 1 0 Light Green
0 I I Light Cyan
1 0 0 Pink
1 0 1 Light Magenta
1 1 0 Yellow
1 1 1 White
Note: The "1" bit provides extra luminance
(brightness) to each available shade. This results in the
light colors listed above, except for monitors that do
not recognize the "I" bit.
Summary of Available Colors
Alphanumeric Modes ...
Every display-character position in the alphanumeric
mode is defined by two bytes in the system read/write
memory, using the following format:
Display Character Code Byte Attribute Byte
7 6 5 4 3 2 I 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Display Format
Attribute
Function
Normal
Reverse
Video
The functions of the attribute byte are defined by the
following figure:
Attribute Byte Definition
7 6 5 4 3 2 I 0
Fore- PA2 PAl PAO PA3 PA2 PAl PAO
Ground
Blink Background Foreground
B 0 0 0 I I I I
B 1 1 1 I
0 0 0
N ondisplay B
0 0 0 I 0 0 0
(Off)
N ondisplay B I 1 1 I 1 I 1
(On)
I = Highlighted Foreground (Character)
B = Blinking Foreground (Character)
Attribute Functions
Graphics Mode
The Video Color/Graphics Subsystem can be
programmed for a wide variety of modes within the
graphics mode. Five graphics-modes are supported by
the system's ROM BIOS. They are low-resolution
16-color graphics, medium-resolution 4-color graphics,
medium-resolution 16-color graphics, high-resolution
2-color graphics, and high-resolution 4-color graphics.
The table in the following figure summarizes the five
modes:
Number of Colors
Graphics Horiz. Vert. A vailable (Includes
Mode (PELs) (Rows) Background Color)
Low-Resolution 160 200 16 (Includes b-and-w)
l6-Color
Medium-Resolution 320 200 4 Colors of 16
4-Color Available
Medium-Resolution 320 200 16 (Includes b-and-w)
16-Color
High-Resolution 640 200 2 Colors of 16
2-Color Available
High-Resolution 640 200 4 Colors of 16
4-Color Available
Note: The screen's border color in all modes can be set to any
1 of the 16 possible colors. This border color is independent of
the screen's work area colors. In Black and White each color
maps to a distinct gray shade.
Graphics Modes
Low-Resolution 16-Color Graphics
The low-resolution mode supports home-television sets,
low-resolution displays, and high-resolution displays. It
has the following characteristics:
Contains a maximum of 200 rows of 160 PELs
Specifies 1 of 16 colors for each PEL by the I, R, G,
and B bits
Requires 16K bytes of read/write memory
Formats 2 PELs per byte for each byte in the
following manner:
7 6 5 4 3 2 o
PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO
First
Display
PEL
Low-Resolution 16-Color Graphics
Second
Display
PEL
Medium-Resolution 4-Color Graphics
The medium-resolution mode supports home-television
sets, low-resolution displays, and high-resolution
displays. It has the following characteristics:
Selects one of four colors for each PEL
Supports 4 of 16 possible colors
following manner:
7 6 5 4 3 2
PA1 PAO PA1 PAO PA1 PAO PA1
o
PAO
First Second Third Fourth
Display Display Display Display
PEL PEL PEL PEL
The medium-resolution 16-color graphics mode
supports home television sets, low-resolution displays,
and high-resolution displays. It has the following
characteristics:
Requires system configuration of 128K bytes of
read/write memory
Contains a maximum of 200 rows of 320 PELs.
Specifies 1 of 16 colors for each PEL
following manner.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o
PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO
First Second
Display Display
PEL PEL
High-Resolution 2-Color Graphics
The high-resolution 2-color mode supports
high-resolution monitors only. This mode has the
following characteristics:
Supports 2 of 16 possible colors.
7 6
Requires 16K bytes of read/write memory.
following manner:
5 4 3 2 1 o
IPAOlpAOlpAOlpAOlpAOI PAOlpAOI PAOI
l
I
Eighth Display PEL
Seventh Display PEL
Sixth Display PEL
Fifth Display PEL
Fourth Display PEL
Third Display PEL
Second Display PEL
First Display PEL
The high-resolution mode is used only with
high-resolution monitors. This mode has the following
characteristics:
Requires system configuration of 128K Bytes
read/write memory
Selects one of four colors for each PEL
Supports 4 out of 16 colors
Formats 8 PELs per two bytes (consisting of one
even-byte and one odd-byte) in the following
manner:
Even Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PAO PAO PAO PAO PAO PAO PAO PAO
t t t t
t t t
t
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth
Display Display Display Display Display Display Display Display
PEL PEL PEL PEL PEL PEL PEL PEL
l 1
PA1 PA1 PA1 PA1 PA1 PA1 PA1 PA1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Odd Bytes
Graphics Storage Organization
For the low-resolution 16-color graphics, the
medium-resolution 4-color graphics, and the high-
resolution 2-color graphics, storage is organized into
two banks of 8000 bytes each.
The following figure shows the organization of the
graphics storage.
Memory Address
(Hex)
OOOOH
1F3F
2000
3F3F

Even Scans (0.2.4 ..... 190)
8000 Bytes
Odd Scans (1.3.5 ... 199)
8000 Bytes
Graphics Storage Organization (Part 1 of 2)
Address 0000 contains PEL information for the
upper-left comer of the display area.
For the medium-resolution 16-color graphics, and the
high-resolution 4-color graphics modes, the graphics
storage is organized into four banks of 8000 bytes each.
Memory Address
(Hex) 1"""._- 160 Bytes -I
0000
1F3F
2000
3F3F
4000
5F3F
6000
7F3F
00 Scans
(OA8 ..... 196)
(8000 Bytes)
01 Scans
(1.5.9 ... 197)
(8000 Bytes)
10 Scans
(2.6.10 ... 198)
(8000 Bytes)
11 Scans
(3.7.11 ... 199)
(8000 Bytes)
Graphics Storage Organization (Part 2 of 2)
Address 0000 contains PEL infonnation for the
upper-left corner of the display.
Video Gate Array
The Video Gate Array is located at 110 address hex
3DA, and is programmed by first writing a register
address to port hex 3DA and then writing the data to
port hex 3DA.
Any 1/0 'write' -operations to hex address 3DA
continuously toggle an internal addressl data flip-flop.
This internal flip-flop can be set to the address state by
issuing an I/O 'read' instruction to port hex 3DA. An
1/0 'read' instruction also 'reads' the status of the
Video Gate Array. A description of each of the
registers in the Video Gate Array follows.
Hex Address Register
00 Mode Control I
01 Palette Mask
02 Border Color
03 Mode Control 2
04 Reset
10-IF Palette Registers
Video Gate Array Register Addresses
Mode Control 1 Register
This is a 5-bit 'write' -only register, it cannot be
'read'. Its address is 0 within the Video Gate Array.
A description of this register's bit functions follows.
Bit 0 +HIBW j -LOBW
Bit 1 +Graphicsj -Alpha
Bit 2 +BjW
Bit 3 +Video Enable
Bit 4 + 16 Color Graphics
Bit 0 This bit is 'high' (1) for all
high-bandwidth modes. These modes are
all modes which require the 64KB Memory
and Display Expansion for a system total
of 128K bytes of read/write memory. The
high bandwidth modes are the 80 by 25
alphanumeric mode, the 640 by 200
4-color graphics mode, and the 320 by 200
16-color graphics mode. This bit is 'low'
(0) for all low-bandwidth modes.
Bit 1 This bit is 'high' (1) for all graphics
modes and is 'low' (0) for all
alphanumeric modes.
Bit 2 When this bit is 'high' (1), the
composite-video color-burst and
chrominance are disabled, leaving only the
composite intensity-levels for gray shades.
When this bit is 'low' (0), the
composite-video color is 'enabled'. This
bit should be set I high I for high-
resolution black-and-white display
applications.
Note: This bit has no effect on direct-drive
colors.
Bit 3 When this bit is I high I (1), the video
signal is I enabled I. The video signal
should be I disabled I when changing
modes. When the video signal is
I disabled I , the screen is forced to the
border color.
Bit 4 This bit must be I high I (1) for all
16-color graphics-modes. These modes
are the 160 by 200 16-color
graphics-mode and the 320 by 200
16-color graphics-mode.
Palette Mask Register
This is a 4-bit write-only register, it cannot be I read I
Its address in the Video Gate Array is hex 01. A
description of this register's bit functions follows.
Bit 0 -Palette Mask 0
Bit 1 -Palette Mask I
Palette Mask Register
When bits 0-3 are 0, they force the appropriate palette
address to be 0 regardless of the incoming color
information. This can be used to make some
information in memory a I don't care I condition until it
is requested.
In the 2-color and 4-color modes, the palette addresses
should be I masked I because only 1 or 2 color-lines
contain valid information. For 4-color modes, the
palette mask register should contain a hex 03 and, for
2-color modes, it should contain a hex 01.
Border Color Register
This is a 4-bit I write I -only register, it cannot be
I read I. Its address in the Video Gate Array is hex 02.
The following is a description of the register's bit
functions:
Bit Number Function
0 + B (Blue) Border Color Select
I + G (Green) Border Color Select
2 + R (Red) Border Color Select
3 + I (Intensity) Border Color Select
Border Color Register
A combination of bits 0-3 selects the screen-border
color as one of 16 colors, as listed in the "Summary of
Available Colors" table in this section.
This is a 4-bit, I write I -only register, it cannot be
I read I. Its address inside the Video Gate Array is hex
7 6
03. The following is a description of the register's bit
functions:
Bit Number Function
0 - Reserved = 0
1 + Enable Blink
2 - Reserved = 0
3 + 2-Color Graphics
Bit 0 This bit is reserved, but should always be
programmed as a O.
Bit 1 When this bit is I high I (1) in the
alphanumeric mode, the attribute byte has
the following definition:
5 4 3 2 1 o
I B I PA2 PAl PAO I PA3 PA2 PAl PAO I
I
L... _____ Foreground Color
L... ____________ ... Background Color
'"------------------- Blinking
Where PAO to PA3 are palette addresses.
Attribute Byte Definition (Part 1 of 2)
7 6 5 4
If the enable-blink bit is I off I in the
alphanumeric mode, the attribute byte
takes on the following definition:
3 2 1 o
PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO
PA1 PAO
..... ----- Foreground Color
..... -------------... Background Color
Attribute Byte Definition (Part 2 of 2)
If the enable-blink bit is on in a graphics
mode, the high-order address of the palette
(PA3) is replaced with the character-blink
rate. This causes displayed colors to
switch between two sets of colors.
If the colors in the lower half of the palette
are the same as in the upper half of the
palette, no color changes will occur. If the
colors in the upper half of the palette are
different from the lower half of the palette,
the colors will alternately change between
the 2 palette colors at the blink rate.
Only eight colors are available in the
16-color modes when using this feature.
Bit 3 of the palette mask has no effect on
this mode.
Bit 2 This bit is reserved, but should always be
programmed as a O.
Bit 3 This bit should be 'high' (1) when in the
640 by 200 2-color graphics-mode. It
should be 'low' (0) for all other modes.
Reset Register
This is a 2-bit 'write' -only register, it cannot be
, read'. Its address inside the Video Gate Array is hex
04. The following is a description of the register's bit
functions:
Bit 0 +Asynchronous Reset
Bit 1 +Synchronous Reset
Reset Register
Bit 0 When 'high' (1), this bit will issue an
, asynchronous reset' to the Video Gate
Array. This will cause all memory cycles
to stop and all output signals to be
tri-stated. The 'asynchronous reset'
should only be issued once at the system
power-on time. This bit should be 'high'
(1), the Video Gate Array and the 6845
programmed, and then it should be ' low'
(0).
The system read/write memory (RAM)
will not work until this power-on sequence
is finished. After this power-on sequence,
subsequent 'resets' should be
'synchronous resets' .
Note: Issuing an 'asynchronous reset'
can cause the contents of RAM to be
destroyed.
Bit 1 When 'high' (1), this bit will issue a
'synchronous reset' to the Video Gate
Array. This will cause all memory cycles
to stop and all output signals to stop. Bit 1
should be 'low' (0) before changing
modes.
Before issuing a ' synchronous reset' , the
program should read 256 locations in
RAM as every other location in 512
locations. The program should then issue
the 'synchronous reset' and change the
mode. This changes the Video Gate Array
mode-control registers and the 6845
registers.
Next, the 'synchronous reset' should be
removed and the 256 RAM locations
should be 'read' again as above. This
procedure will ensure system RAM
data-integrity during mode changes.
, Synchronous resets' need only be issued
when changing between high-bandwidth,
and low- bandwidth modes. (Bit 0 in
mode control 1 register)
Note: No accesses to RAM can be
made while the video gate array is in a
, reset' state. 'Resets' must be done
from code in ROM or EPROM's.
}Jalette l ~ s t e r s
There are sixteen 4-bit-wide palette-registers. These
registers are 'write' -only, they cannot be 'read'.
Their addresses in the Video Gate Array are from hex
10 to IF.
Palette address hex 10 is accessed whenever the color
code from memory is a hex 0, address hex 11 is
accessed whenever the color code from memory is a hex
1, and so forth. A description of the color codes is in
"Summary of Available Colors" in this section.
Note: The palette address can be 'masked' by
using the palette mask register.
The following is a description of the register's bit
functions:
Bit Number Function
0 + Blue
1 + Green
2 + Red
3 + Intensity
Palette Register Format
When loading the palette, the video is 'disabled' and
the color viewed on the screen is the data contained in
the register being addressed by the processor.
When the program has completed loading the palette, it
must change the hex address to some address less than
hex 10 for video to be 'enabled' again.
If a programmer does not wish a user to see the adverse
effects of loading the palette, the palette should be
loaded during the vertical-retrace time. The program
must modify the palette and change the video gate array
address to less than hex 10 within the vertical-retrace
time. A vertical-retrace interrupt and a status bit are
provided to facilitate this procedure.
Status Register
This is a 5-bit 'read' -only register, it cannot be
, written'. The internal address of the video gate array
is a 'don't care' condition for the status-register
read-operation. A description of the register's bit
functions follows:
Bit 0 +Display Enable
Bit I +Light Pen Trigger Set
Bit 2 -Light Pen Switch Made
Bit 3 + Vertical Retrace
Bit 4 +Video Dots
Status Register
Bit 0 When 'high' (1), this bit indicates video is
being displayed.
Bit 1 When 'high' (1), this bit indicates that a
positive- going edge from the light pen
input has set the light pen trigger. This
trigger is 'low' (0) upon a system
power-on, and may also be cleared by
performing an I/O 'Out' command to
address hex 3DB. No specific data is
required, this action is address-activated.
Bit 2 This bit indicates the status of the light pen
switch. The switch is not latched or
debounced. When this bit is 'low' (0), the
light pen switch is 'on' .
Bit 3 When 'high' (1), this bit indicates the
vertical retrace is 'active'.
Bit 4 When I high I (1), this bit indicates that
video-dot information is available. The
two low-order bits of the address register
determine the video-dot information
presented through the following logic:
Video Dot
Address Register Address Register Information
Bit 1 Bit 0 Selected
0 0 Blue
0 1 Green
1 0 Red
1 1 Intensity
Address Register
This bit is provided for testing purposes. It verifies that
video is occurring properly, and that the palette
registers and all other I write I -only registers are
operating correctly.
Light Pen
A light pen can be used on the PCjr by connecting it to
the six-pin connector for light pens on the back of the
system board.
+12V A01
-LIGHT PEN INPUT A02
Light
+5V A03
System
Pen
LOGIC GND B01
Board
-LIGHT PEN SWITCH B02
UNUSED B03
Connector Specifications
Note: The light pen interface is set for RGBI
(Red, Green, Blue, Intensity). Due to timing
differences between different displays (Different
phosphors take longer to turn on, and different
circuits take longer to accomplish their task.) the
row, column value returned from the CRT can vary.
This difference must be compensated for through
software.
Programming Considerations
Programming the 6845 CRT Controller
The 6845 has 19 accessible, internal registers, which
are used to define and control a raster-scanned CRT
display. One of these registers, the Index Register, is
actually used as a pointer to the other 18 registers. It is
a I write I -only register, which is loaded from the
processor by executing an 'Out I instruction to I/O
address hex 3D4. The five least-significant-bits of the
I/O bus are loaded into the Index Register.
In order to load any of the other 18 registers, the Index
Register is first loaded with the necessary pointer; then
the Data Register is loaded with the information to be
Hex
Addr.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Note:
placed in the selected register. The Data Register is
loaded from the processor by executing an 'Out I
instruction to I/O address hex 3D5.
The following table defines the values that must be
loaded into the 6845-CRT-Controller registers to
control the different modes of operation supported by
the attachment:
Low/High
Register Alphanumeric Band
Width
# Type Units I/O
40x25 80x25 Graphics
RO Horizontal Char. Write 38 71 38/71
Total Only
Rl Horizontal Char. Write 28 50 28/50
Display Only
R2 Horizontal Char. Write 2C 5A 2B/56
Sync Only
Position
R3 Horizontal Char. Write 06 OC 06/0C
Sync Only
Width
R4 Vertical Char. Write IF IF 7F/3F
Total Row Only
R5 Vertical Scan Write 06 06 06/06
Total Line Only
Adjustment
All register values are given in hexadecimal.
6845 Register Table (Part 1 of 3)
Low/High
Hex
Width
Addr. # Type Units I/O
40x25 80x25 Graphics
6 R6 Vertical Char. Write 19 19 64/32
Displayed Row Only
7 R7 Vertical Char. Write lC lC 70/38
Sync Row Only
Position
8 R8 Interlace Write 02 02 02/02
Mode Only
9 R9 Maximum Scan Write 07 07 01/03
Scan Line Line Only
Address
A RIO Cursor Scan Write 06 06 26/26
Start Line Only
B Rll Cursor Scan Write 07 07 07/07
End Line Only
Note: All register values are given in hexademical.
Low/High
Hex
Width
Addr. # Type Units I/O 40x25 80x25 Graphics
C RI2 Start
-
Write 00 00 00/00
Addr. (H) Only
D RI3 Start
-
Write 00 00 00/00
Addr. (L) Only
E R14 Cursor
-
Read/ 00 00 00/00
Addr. (H) Write
F R15 Cursor -
Read/ 00 00 00/00
Addr. (L) Write
10 R16 Light
-
Read NA NA NAjNA
Pen (H) Only
11 R17 Light - Read NA NA NA/NA
Pen (L) Only
N ate: All register values are given in hexadecimal.
CRT /Processor Page Register
This register is an 8-bit I write I -only register, that
cannot be read. Its address is hex 3DF. The following
is a description of the Register functions.
Bit Number Description
0 CRT Page 0
1 CRT Page 1
2 CRT Page 2
3 Processor Page 1
4 Processor Page 2
5 Processor Page 3
6 Video Address Mode 0
7 Video Address Mode 1
CRT/Processor Page Register (Part 1 of 2)
CRT Page 0-2
Processor Page 0-2
These bits select which 16K
byte memory-page between
00000 to hex IFFFF is being
displayed. If there is no
expansion RAM in the system,
the high- order bit is a I don't
care I , and only 4 pages are
supported. For graphics modes
which require 32K bytes the
low-order bit is a I don't care I
These bits select the 16K byte
memory-page region where
memory cycles to B8000 are
redirected. If there is no
expansion RAM installed in
the system, the high-order bit
is a I don't care I and only 4
pages are supported.
Hex
Address
30A
30B
30C
300,304
301,305
30F
Video Adr Mode 0-1
Video Address Mode
1 (Bit 7) o (Bit 6)
0 0
0 I
1 1
I 0
These bits control whether the
row scan addresses are used as
part of the memory address.
These should be programmed
as follows:
Resulting Modes
All Alpha Modes
Low-Resolution-Graphics Modes
High-Resolution-Graphics Modes
Unused, Reserved
CRT/Processor Page Register (Part 2 of 2)
The following I/O devices are defined on the video
color / graphics subsystem:
Function of
A9A8A7A6A5A4A3A2AIAO Register
I I I I 0 I I 0 I 0 Gate Array Address
and Status Register
I 1 I I 0 I I 0 I I Clear Light
Pen Latch
I 1 I 1 0 I I I 0 0 Preset Light
Pen Latch
1 1 1 I 0 I 0 x x 0 6845 Index Register
I I I 1 0 1 0 x x 1 6845 Data Register
I 1 1 I 0 1 1 I I 1 CRT, Processor
Page Register
x = "don't care" condition
Video I/O Devices
Mode Selection Summary
Four registers of the Video Gate Array allow the user
to access all the alphanumeric and graphics modes
supported by the system ROM BIOS. The following
table summarizes the modes and their register settings:
Video Gate
Array Reg.
Mode 00 01 02 03
40 by 25 Alphanumeric Black-and-White OC OF 00 02
40 by 25 Alphanumeric Color 08 OF 00 02
80 by 25 Alphanumeric Black-and-White OD OF 00 02
80 by 25 Alphanumeric Color 09 OF 00 02
160 by 200 16-Color Graphics 1A OF 00 00
320 by 200 4-Color Graphics OA 03 00 00
320 by 200 4-Shade Black-and-White OE 03 00 00
320 by 200 16-Color Graphics IB OF 00 00
640 by 200 2-Color Graphics OE 01 00 08
640 by 200 4-Color Graphics OB 03 00 00
Note: All values are given in hexadecimal.
Mode Summary
Sequence of Events for Changing Modes
1. Determine the mode of operation.
2. Reset the 'video enable' bit in the Video Gate Array
to disable video.
3. Program the 6845 CRT Controller to select the
mode.
Read 256 bytes of memory
Reset gate array
4. Program the Video Gate Array registers.
Remove gate-array reset
Read 256 bytes of memory
5. Re-enable video.
Note: The gate array needs to be reset only when
changing the high-bandwidth/low-bandwidth
register.
Interrupt Information
The Video Gate Array uses interrupt level 5 of the Intel
8259 to provide the vertical retrace interrupt to the
system.
At Standard TTL Levels
-VERT SYNC A1 B1 +VERT SYNC
LOGIC GND LOGIC GND
-HORIZ SYNC A3 B3 +HORIZ SYNC
BLUE RESERVED
RED LOGIC GND
INTEN A6 B6 RESERVED
GREEN RESERVED
COMP SYNC RESERVED
AUDIO A9 B9 SHIELD GND
The direct-drive signals are standard TTL levels except
the audio output which is a IV peak-to-peak signal
biased at OV which can drive a 10K ohm or greater
input-impedence.
Composite Video Signal
Video
Monitor
Chassis Ground
Color/Graphics
Composite Jack
~ 2
The composite-video signal is IV peak to peak biased
at .7V with a 75 ohm load.
Connector 1----- A01 - +12 V RF
1-___ A02 - Key
for posite Video _
Modulator
io

Television
1----- A03 - Com
1---- 801 - GND
/---- 802 - Aud
1--- 803 - Shie IdGND

Television Connector Specifications
The Connector for Television connector has the
composite-video signal at 1 V peak to peak biased at
.7V with a 75 ohm load. The connector also has the
audio output which is 1 V peak-to-peak signal biased at
OV which can drive a 10K ohm or greater input
impedence.
Notes:
Beeper
The system beeper is a small, piezoelectric- speaker,
which can be driven from one or both of two sources.
The two sources are:
The 8255A-5 PPI output-bit PB1
A timer clock out of an 8253-5 timer which has a
1.19 MHz-clock input. The timer gate is also
controlled by an 8255-5 outport bit PBO.
Note: The TI76496 Sound Generator cannot be
directed through the beeper.
.110 Address Hex 61 8255A-5 Bit PB1
Timer Clock Out 2
8255A-5 Bit PB4
Beeper Block Diagram
AND
'""
30 Ohm Resistor
Drive
Select
I--
Beeper
Beeper 2-85
Notes:
2-86 Beeper
Sound Subsystem
The nucleus of the sound subsystem is an analog
multiplexer (mpx) which allows 1 of 4 different sound
sources to be selected, amplified, and sent to the audio
outputs. The mpx and amplifier are configured so the
amplifier's gain is unique to and consistent with each
sound source. This provides a consistent level of output
with any of the sound sources. The output of the
amplifier is supplied to the IBM Connector for
Television interface and external-amplifier interface. If
an external speaker is used, an external amplifier must
be used to drive it. The amplifier is configured as a
single-pole low pass filter with a 3 dB cut-off frequency
of 4.8 kHz. This filter is used to "round" off the
corners of the square-wave signals. BIOS Power-on will
initialize the sound subsystem to use the 8253
programmable-timer mode.
1 Audio
System External
Unit
2 GND
Amp
The audio output is a IV peak-to-peak signal biased at
OV. It can drive a 10k ohm or greater
input-impedence.
Sound Subsystem 2-87
Port Bits
Source PB6 PBS
Complex Sound Generator (TI 76496) 1 1
Programmable Timer (8253) 0 0
Cassette Audio 0 1
I/O Channel Audio 1 0
Port bits PB5 and PB6, of the 8255, control which source is
selected.
Sound Sources
Complex Sound Generator
The Complex Sound Generator chip (SN76496N) has 3
programmable frequencies which may be mixed to form
chords and a white noise generator which may also be
mixed for special effects. Each of the 3 channels as
well as the white noise generator can be independently
attenuated. The processor controls the sound chip by
writing to port hex CO.
The Sound Generator is described in greater detail later
in this section. More information can be obtained by
referring to Texas Instruments' data sheets and
application notes.
2-88 Sound Subsystem
Sound
Mpx
PB5
Select PB6
(8255)
l
Analog
8253
Cassette r
Protection
f-+
Diodes
Mpx
Low

Direct Drive
Monitor Audio
I-
External
Channel
T.I.
76496
Pass
Filter
f3dB =
4.8 kHz

R.F. Modulator
Audio
External Audio
Amp
Sound Block Diagram
Audio Tone Generator
Features
3 Programmable Tone-Generators
Programmable White Noise
Programmable Attenuation
Simultaneous Sounds
TTL Compatible
3.579 MHz Clock Input
Audio Mixer
Processor to Sound-Generator Interface
The system microprocessor communicates with the
SN76496N through the 8 data lines and 3 control lines
(WE, CE and READY). Each tone generator requires
10 bits of information to select the frequency and 4 bits
of information to select the attenuation. A frequency
update requires a double-byte transfer, while an
attenuator update requires a single-byte transfer.
If no other control registers on the chip are accessed, a
tone generator may be rapidly updated by initially
sending both types of frequency and register data,
followed by just the second byte of data for succeeding
values. The register address is latched on the chip, so
the data will continue going into the same register. This
allows the 6 most-significant bits to be quickly
modified for frequency sweeps.
Control Registers
The sound generator has 8 internal registers which are
used to control the 3 tone generators and the noise
source. During all data transfers to the sound
generator, the first byte contains a 3-bit field which
determines the destination control register. The register
address codes are as follows:
Register Address Field
MSB LSB
RO Rl R2 Destination Control Register
0 0 0 Tone 1 Frequency
0 0 1 Tone 1 Attenuation
0 1 0 Tone 2 Frequency
0 1 1 Tone 2 Attenuation
}
0 0 Tone 3 Frequency
}
0
}
Tone 3 Attenuation
}
1 0 Noise Control
1
} }
Noise Attenuation
Register Address Field
Reg. Addr. Low Data High Data
1
RO R1 R2 F6 F7 Fa F9
0
X FO F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
I I
I I I I I I I I
Bit First Byte Bit Bit Second Byte Bit
0 7 0 7
MSB LSB MSB LSB
Frequency (Double or Single Byte Transfer)
Frequency Generation
Each tone generator consists of a frequency-synthesis
section and an attenuation section. The frequency-
synthesis section requires 10 bits of information (hex
FO-F9) to define half the period of the desired
frequency (n). Hex FO is the most-significant bit and
hex F9 is the least-significant bit. This information is
loaded into a to-stage tone-counter, which is
decremented at an N /16 rate where N is the input -clock
frequency. When the tone counter decrements to 0, a
borrow signal is produced. This borrow signal toggles
the frequency flip-flop and also reloads the tone
counter. Thus, the period of the desired frequency is
twice the value of the period register.
The frequency can be calculated by the following:
f = N
3in
where N ref clock in Hz (3.579 MHz)
n = lO-bit binary-number
Attenuator
Reg. Addr. Data
1
RO I Rl I R2 AO 1 All A2 I A3
Bit 0 Second Bit 7
MSB
Byte
LSB
Update Attenuation (Single Byte Transfer)
The output of the frequency flip-flop feeds into a
four-stage attenuator. The attenuator values, along
with their bit position in the data word, are shown in
the following figure. Multiple-attenuation control-bits
may be I true I simultaneously. Thus, the maximum
theoretical attenuation is 28 dB typically.
Bit Position
MSB LSB
AO
At A2
A3
Weight
0 0 0 1 2dB
0 0 1 0 4dB
0 1 0 0 8dB
1 0 0 0 16db
1 1 1 1 OFF
Attenuator Values
Noise Generator
Reg. Addr.
RO R1 R2 SHIFT
1
1 I
1
I 0
X FB
NFO I NF1
MSB LSB
Update Noise Source (Single Byte Transfer)
The noise generator consists of a noise source and an
attenuator. The noise source is a shift register with an
exclusive-OR feedback-network. The feedback
network has provisions to protect the shift register from
being locked in the zero state.
FB Configuration
0 Periodic Noise
1 White Noise
Noise Feedback Control
Whenever the noise-control register is changed, the
shift register is cleared. The shift register will shift at
one of four rates as determined by the two NF bits.
The fixed 'shift-rates are derived from the input clock.
Bits
NFO NFl Shift Rate
0 0 N/512
0 1
N/1024
1 0 N/2048
1 1 T one Generator #3 Output
Noise Generator Frequency Control
The output of the noise source is connected to a
programmable attenuator.
Audio Mixer/Output Buffer
The mixer is a conventional operational-amplifier
summing-circuit. It will sum the three tone-generator
outputs, and the noise-generator output. The output
buffer will generate up to 10 rnA.
Data Transfer
The sound generator requires approximately 32 clock
cycles to load the data into the register. The open
collector READY output is used to synchronize the
microprocessor to this transfer and is pulled to the false
state (low voltage) immediately following the leading
edge of CEo It is released to go to the true state
(external pull-up) when the data transfer is completed.
This will insert approximately 42 wait states (8.9 f.Ls)
for each data transfer.
Warning: Do not attempt to issue an I/O read
operation to the TI76496 port (COH). Such an
operation will cause the system to hang indefinitely.
Note: If DMA is added to the system on the I/O
channel, I/O WRITES to the 76496 will increase
the latency time.
Notes:
Infra-Red Link
The infra-red link provides cordless communications
between the keyboard and the system unit. Two
infra-red-emitting diodes, mounted in the keyboard,
transmit coded information to the system unit. The
keyboard transmitter is fully discussed in "Cordless
Keyboard" in this section. The infra-red receiver,
which is located in the system unit, has an
infra-red-sensitive device that demodulates the signal
transmitted from the keyboard and sends it to the
system.
Infra-Red Receiver
The receiver card measures 57.15 mm wide by 63 mm
(2.25 in. by 2.50 in.) long. The infra-red receiver is
mounted on the system board, component-side down,
with two snap-in-type standoffs. Signal output and
power input is through an 8-pin connector, located at
the rear of the infra-red receiver. The
infra-red-sensitive device is located on the front of the
board and receives its input through an opening in the
front of the system unit's cover. There is also an
infra-red transmitter mounted on the receiver board for
diagnostic purposes.
Functional Description
The following figure is the Infra-Red Receiver Block
Diagram. During keyboard operation, the emitted light
is modulated, transmitted, and received in the following
sequence:
1. A key is pushed.
Infra-Red Link 2-97
Keyboard
with
Encoder
2. The data stream is sent using the infra-red-emitting
diodes.
3. The receiver amplifies and processes the signal.
4. The demodulated signal is sent to the system board.
The signal received consists of an infra-red-light
transmission modulated at 40 kHz.
An input is available (I/R Test Frequency) to the
system for receiver-circuit -operational verification.
Infra-Red Receiver Board
A?'
First Second
Infra-
Amplifier
r--
Amplifier
r-
Demod-
~ I
Red
Stage Stage
ulator
~
Photo-Diode with AGC
J
Infra-
Ry
Test
Circuit
Infra-Red Test Frequency
From System Board
Out
Infra-Red Receiver Block Diagram
Application Notes
The Infra-Red Receiver Board can serve as a
general-purpose infra-red-receiver, however, the
2-98 Infra-Red Link
demodulator timings are tailored to the needs of the
system.
The serially-encoded word is software de-serialized by
the 8088 processor on the system unit. The leading
edge of the start bit will generate a non-maskable
interrupt (NMI). Once the processor enters the NMI
routine to handle the deserialization, the keyboard-data
line is sampled and the processor waits to sample the
trailing edge of the start bit. When the trailing edge of
the start bit is sampled, the processor will wait for 310
JLS and sample the first half of the first data bit. This
delay causes the processor to sample in the nominal
center of the first half of the first data bit. The
processor then samples the keyboard data every half-
bit cell-time. The sampling interval is 220 JLS. The
processor samples eacrr:half -bit-sample 5 times and will
determine the logical level of the sample by majority
rule. This enables the processor to discriminate against
transient glitches and to filter out noise. The 8088
processor utilizes one 8255 PPI bit (PORT C BIT 6)
and shares one 8253 timer channel (CHANNEL 1) to
do the software de-serializationwf the keyboard data.
See the "Cordless Keyboard" in this section for more
information on the data-transmission proto cal.
Detectable Error Conditions
Errors Cause
Phase Errors The 1st half of the bit-cell sample is
not equal to the inverse of the 2nd half
of the bit-cell sample.
Parity Errors The received encoded word did not
maintain odd parity.
Infra-Red Link 2-99
Note: Errors will be signaled by the processor with
a short tone from the audio alarm or external
speaker.
Operational Parameters
The operational distance from infra-red devices to the
system should not exceed 6.1 meters (20 feet)
(line-of-sight). Operational efficiency can be impaired
by outside sources. These sources are,
excessively-bright lights, and high-voltage lines, which
include some TV sets. High-energy sources will
generally cause an audible alarm within the system unit.
These sources may downgrade the operational distance
from the keyboard to the system. A keyboard cable is
recommended if the above interference conditions are
not controllable.
Pin Signal Input/Output
AOI +12 Volts Input
A02 Ground Input
A03 Ground-Shield Input
A04 I.R. TEST FREQ. Input
BOI GROUND Input
B02 +5 Volts Input
B03 -I.R. KBD DATA Output
B04 GROUND Input
Infra-Red Connector Specifications
2-100 Infra-Red Link
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard
The keyboard is a low-profile, 62-key, detached
keyboard with full-travel keys. The keys are arranged in
a standard typewriter layout with the addition of a
function key and cursor-control keys. The keybuttons
are unmarked; however, an overlay is used to provide
the keys' functional descriptions.
The following figure shows the layout of the cordless
keyboard.
The keyboard is battery powered and communicates to
the system unit with an infra-red (rR) link. The
infra-red link makes the remote keyboard a truly
portable hand-held device. An optional-cord
connection to the system unit is available. Power is
sent to the keyboard and serially-encoded data received
by the system unit through the optional cord. When
connected, the cord's keyboard-connector removes the
battery power and the -CABLE CONNECT signal
disables the infra-red-receiver circuit. The disabling of
the circuit also allows other infrared devices to be used
Cordless Keyboard 2-101
without interfering with the system. The data which is
received through the IR link or by the cord, have the
same format.
The keyboard interface is designed to maximize
system-software flexibility in defining keyboard
operations such as shift states of keys, and typematic
operation. This is accomplished by having the
keyboard return scan codes rather than American
National Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) codes. The scan codes are compatible with
Personal Computer and Personal Computer XT scan
codes at the BIOS interface level. All of the keys are
typematic and generate both a make and a break scan-
code. For example, key 1 produces scan code hex 01
on make and code hex 81 on break. Break codes are
formed by adding hex 80 to the make codes. The
keyboard 110 driver can define keyboard keys as shift
keys or typematic, as required by the application.
The microprocessor in the keyboard performs keyboard
scanning, phantom-key detection, key debounce,
buffering of up to 16 key-scan-codes, and transfer of
serially-encoded data to the system unit. The keyboard
microprocessor is normally in a standby power-down
mode until a key is pressed. This causes the
microprocessor to scan the keyboard. The
microprocessor then transmits the scan code, and
re-enters the power-down mode if its buffer is empty
and no keys are pressed.
The keyboard electronics is designed with low-power
CMOS integrated-circuitry for battery power operation.
Four AA-size batteries are required. Because the
keyboard is normally in the standby power-down mode,
which uses very little power, no onloff switch is
needed.
2-102 Cordless Keyboard
Unlike other keyboards in the IBM Personal Computer
family, the IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard has
phantom-key detection. Phantom-key detection occurs
when invalid combinations of three or more keys are
pressed simultaneously, causing a hex 55 scan-code to
be sent to the keyboard's processor. The phantom-key
scan-code instructs the keyboard's processor to ignore
all of the keys that were pressed at that time. BIOS
ignores the resulting scan-code that is sent to it.
The keyboard-cord connector provides a battery-
disconnect function and also disables the infra-red-
transmission circuitry when the mating plug for the
modular jack is connected.
Note: See "Keyboard Encoding and Usage" in
Section 5, for scan codes and further information.
Transmitter
Serially encoded words are transmitted to the system
unit using the Infra-Red Link or the cable link. Encoded
words are sent to the system unit with odd parity. Both
the Infra-Red Link and the cable link use biphase
serial-encoding and each is a simplex link.
The 80C48 microprocessor does the biphase serial
encoding with a bit cell of 440 f.Ls. A biphase
logically-encoded 1 is transmitted as logical 1 for the
first half of the bit cell time and as a logical 0 for the
second half of the bit cell. A biphase logically-encoded
o is transmitted as a logical 0 for the first half of the bit
cell time and as a logical 1 for the second half of the bit
cell.
Each logical 1 transmission for the Infra-Red Link
consists of a 40 kHz carrier burst at a 50% duty cycle.
First Bit
Second Bit
Third Bit
Fourth Bit
Fifth Bit
Sixth Bit
Seventh Bit
Eight Bit
Ninth Bit
Tenth Bit
Eleventh Bit
Data Stream Sequence
Start Bit
Data Bit 0 (Least Significant Bit)
Data Bit 1
Data Bit 2
Data Bit 3
Data Bit 4
Data Bit 5
Data Bit 6
Data Bit 7 (Most Significant Bit)
Parity Bit
Stop Bit
Eleven stop bits are inserted after every scan-code
transmission. This is to allow some processor
bandwidth between keystrokes to honor other types of
interrupts, such as serial and time-of-day.
Eleven Stop I
Bit Cells

1 S 1001011021031041051061071 pi l\ 1 S 1001011021
-I j.-Bit Cell
Example: OATA = "2EH" PARITY = '"
Cable Oata
tu------
1'1'1'0'1"'1'1'1'1'1'0'1'1'1'0'1'0'1'1'1
Infra-Red Oata
r-------
Cable 1 BI-Phase '1'1
I BI-Phase '0'1
LJ
LJr---
L
-l 440l1s
J

440l1s I=--
Infra-
Red I BI-Phase '1'1 I BI-Phase '0' 1
I 40 kHz@50% Outy
j
220
l1s
l--
1
Cycle
I- 62.5115
440 115
.1 l-62.5 I1sL
=I 440115
Keyboard Transmission Timing
-ClB Data
r--
AND
,--
Keyboard Data
-loR. Data
""""""-
8255 PC6
AND
NOR
I
-CBl Con
Inverter r-J
+5_
D
Q
elK
Flip Flop
8255 PCO
ClR
"--
NMI
AND
NMI Mask -lOR From
-
Port AO Hex
Keyboard Interface Logic
Program Cartridge and Interface
The Program Cartridge allows the addition of ROM to
the system without removing the cover by plugging it ,
into either of two slots in the front of the machine.
The 48 by 72 mm (2 by 3 inch) cartridge can hold one
or two 32K byte by 8 ROMS (64K bytes total) of
program storage. Smaller ROMS such as the 8K byte
by 8 modules can be used in the cartridge. When a
smaller module is used, the higher address lines are not
used. To allow two smaller modules to be mapped to
adjacent memory segments, each module's contents is
addressed to multiple adjacent-memory segments,
within the addressable range of the module's socket
(32k).
Program Cartridge Slots
The Program Cartridge is designed to plug into either of
two identical slots in the front of the machine. Each
slot has 15 address signals, 8 data signals, 6 chip
selects, 2 control signals, and power. Cartridge
selection is accomplished by the chip selects, each of
which addresses one of the high 32K memory-blocks.
Each cartridge uses up to two of the six chip selects.
Selection is determined on the basis of the intended use
of the cartridge. This is done at the factory.
Two of the chip selects are used by the internal
system-ROM. These two signals can be used to allow
the internal ROM to be replaced by a Program
Cartridge. This allows the machine to assume a
different personality from the standard machine. To
use this option of mapping the internal-ROM space to a
cartridge, the Base-ROM-in-Cartridge function must be
inserted. This function is a factory-installed
Program Cartridge 2-107
signal-jumper manufactured into particular
program-cartridges that are intended to replace the
system ROM.
Note: When the cartridge is inserted or removed
with the system turned on, the system will I reset I
and go through a warm power-up. Any data in the
system RAM will be lost.
Cartridge Storage Allocations
0
1
2
A. The following conventions will be followed for
"Initial Program Loadable" program cartridges:
Location
Contents
055H
OAAH
Length
3,4,5 Jump to Initialize Code
6 0
Last 2 Addresses CRC Bytes
Storage Conventions
Locations 0 and 1 contain the word hex 55AA.
This is used as a test for the presence of the
cartridge during the configuration- determination
portion of the power-on routines.
Location 2 contains a length indicator representing
the entire address space taken by the ROM on the
cartridge. The algorithm for determining the
2-108 Program Cartridge
contents of this byte is (length/512). The contents
of this byte is used by the CRC
(cyclic-redundancy-check) routine to determine
how much ROM to check.
Location 3 contains the beginning of an
initialization routine that is reached by a I Long I
call during the power-on sequence. For cartridges
that are I IPL-able I (BASIC or assembler program)
this routine should set the INT hex 18 vector to
point to their entry points. Other types of
cartridges (BASIC or whatever) should merely
I return I to the caller. Setting the INT hex 18
vector will enable transfer of control to the cartridge
program by the IPL routine.
This location 6 should be 00.
CRC bytes: The last two locations of the address
space used by the cartridge must be blank. CRC
characters will be placed in these bytes when the
cartridge is built. See the routine at label "CRC
Check", in the BIOS listing for the CRC algorithm.
B. The following conventions will be followed for
cartridges that wish to be recognized by DOS 2.1 as
containing code associated with DOS command words:
Location Contents
0 055H
I OAAH
2 Length
3-5 Jump to Initialize
6
Command Name Length (Offset Y-
Offset Z)
Z First Character in Command Name
y
Last Character in Command Name
W Word Pointing to Routine that is
Jumped to if "Name" is Typed
X N ext Command Name Length or
"00" if No More Command Names
DOS Conventions
Locations 0 and I contain the word hex 55AA.
cartridge during the configuration- determination
Location 2 contains a length indicator representing
of this byte is used by the CRC routine to determine
Location 3 contains a I jump I to the initialization
code for this ROM. (May just be a I Far Return I )
Starting at location 6 may be a sequence of
command name pointers consisting of 1: Count of
length name, 2: Name in ASCII, and 3: Word
2-11 0 Program Cartridge
containing offset within this segment to the code
that is entered when this name is called. There can
be as many names as desired, providing that a hex
00 is placed in the count field following the last
name pointer. If a cartridge has a routine called
I TEST I at location hex OFB5 (offset from start of
segment that the cartridge is in) that needs to be
executed when I test I is entered as a DOS command
the entry at location 6 would be hex
04,54,45,53,54,B5,OF.
CRC bytes: The last two locations of the address
C. The following conventions will be followed for
cartridges that wish to be recognized by "Cartridge
BASIC" as containing interpretable-BASIC Code:
The cartridge-chip selects must address hex DOOOO
since the BASIC cartridge addresses hex EOOOO.
When "Cartridge BASIC" is activated, it will check
for a second cartridge program at hex DOOOO. If the
second cartridge is present and formatted properly,
then the BASIC code is loaded into RAM and run.
The format for this interpretable-BASIC code must
be as follows:
Location Contents
0 055H
1 OAAH
2 Length
3 OCBH
4 OAAH
5 055H
6 0
7 OFFH if unprotected Basic program
or OFEH if protected Basic program
8 Start of interpretable Basic code
n OFFH Padding to next 2048 byte
boundary
Cartridge Format
1. Locations 0 and 1 contain the word hex 55AA.
cartridge during the configuration-deterrnination
2. Location 2 contains a length indicator representing
of this byte is used by the CRC routine to determine
3. Location 3 must be hex OCB for a I far return I
instruction.
4. Locations 4 and 5 contain the word hex AA55.
This is used as a test for the presence of the second
cartridge by "Cartridge Basic".
5. Location 6 must be a 0 to follow the DOS
conventions.
6. Location 7 can be either hex FF to indicate an
unprotected BASIC program, or hex FE to indicate
a protected program.
7. Location 8 must be the start of the BASIC program.
It must be interpretable Basic and not compiled.
Also, at the end of the program PAD to the next
2048 byte boundary with hex OFF.
8. eRC bytes: The last two locations of the address
ROM Module
ROM
The ROM modules used are 250 ns devices. Typical
modules are the Mostek MK37000 and MK38000, the
TMM 23256, the SY23128, and other compatible
devices.
Hex
Chip Select Address Space Typical Use
CSO X Not Used
CSI X Not Used
CS2 DOOOO-D7FFF Optional Cartridge ROM #2
CS3 D8000-DFFFF Optional Cartridge ROM #1
CS4 EOOOO-E7FFF Standard Cartridge ROM #2
CS5 E8000-EFFFF Standard Cartridge ROM #1
CS6 FOOOO-F7FFF System Board ROM #2
CS7 F8000-FFFFF System Board ROM #1
ROM Chip Select Table
Signal 1/ 0 Description
AO - A14 o Processor Address lines AO - A14
DO-D7 I Processor Data lines
-CS2 0 These chip-select lines are used to
THRU select ROM modules at different
-CS7 addresses. The addresses for each
chip-select are shown in the ROM-chip
select-table. -CS6 and -CS7 are used
on the system board for BIOS,
Power-On-Self-Test (POST) and
cassette-basic ROMs. In order to use
these chip selects on a cartridge,
-BASE 1 ROM IN CARTRIDGE or
-BASE 2 ROM IN CARTRIDGE must
be pulled 'low'
-BASE I I
This line when pulled 'low' instructs
ROM IN the system board to de-gate the ROM
CARTRIDGE module from hex F8000 - FFFFF on
the system board. This ROM module
can then be replaced by a ROM
module on the cartridge by using -CS7.
-BASE 2 ROM I This line when pulled 'low' instructs
IN the system board to de-gate the ROM
CARTRIDGE module from hex FOOOO - F7FFF on
the system board. This ROM module
can then be replaced by a ROM
module on the cartridge by using -CS6.
Cartridge Reset I
Tab
This input when I low I causes a I reset I
to the system. The system will remain
I reset I until this line is brought back
I high I. This tab is usually wired with
an L shaped land pattern to the GND
at A02 which provides a momentary
I reset I when a cartridge is inserted or
removed.

A 1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A 18
Top of Cartridge
Momentary Reset Land
GND 801 A01 GND
-CS7 CARTRIDGE RESET TAB
-CS3 -CS5
A14 -BASE 1 ROM IN CARTRIDGE
A12 B05 A05 A13
A7 A8
A6 A9
A5 A11
A4 -BASE 2 ROM IN CARTRIDGE
A3 B10 A10 A10
A2 D7
A1 D6
AD D5
DO D4
D1 B15 A15 D3
D2 -CS2
-CS6 -CS4
+5V B18 A18 +5V
Connector Specification
System ROM 2
Address
FOOOO
Cartridge ROM Locations
81 Opposite 818
Side
A1
ROM Cartridge
Address
E8000
Address
EOOOO
Games Interface
Interface Description
The Game Interface has two connectors located at the
rear of the System unit for four paddles (two per
connector) or two joysticks. Each connector has four
input lines: two digital inputs and two resistive inputs.
All the inputs are I read I with one I IN I from address
hex 201. The interface, plus system software, converts
the present resistive value to a relative paddle or
joystick-position. On receipt of an output signal, four
timing circuits are started. By determining the time
required for the circuit to time out (a function of the
resistance), the paddle or joystick position can be
determined.
The four digital inputs each have a lK ohm resistor to
pull the voltage up to +5V. With no drive on these
inputs, a 1 is read. For a 0 reading, the inputs must be
pulled to ground.
The four resistive inputs are converted to a digital pulse
with a duration proportional to the resistive load,
according to the following equation:
Time = 24.2 MS + 0.011 (r) MS
Where r is the resistance in ohms
Games Interface 2-119
From Right
2 Resistive Inputs Joystick
From Left
Convert
2 Resistive Inputs Joystick
Resistance
1/0
to Digital
I
Pulse
Write

AND
I
Games
CS -
1/0

I
Data Bus
AND I
Reads Bufferl
Driver
Data Bus 0-7
2 Button Inputs From Right Joystick
I
2 Button Inputs From Left Joystick
Games Interface Block Diagram
Any program application must first begin the
conversion by an 'OUT' to address hex 201. An 'IN'
from address hex 201 will show the digital pulse go
, high' and remain 'high' for the duration according to
the resistance value. All four bits (Bit 3 through Bit 0)
function in the same manner. Each bits digital pulse
goes high simultaneously and resets independently
according to the input resistance value.
2-120 Games Interface
Input from Address Hex 201
Digital Inputs Resistive Inputs
Input From Address Hex 201
Joysticks typically have one or two buttons and two
variable resistances each. The variable resistances are
mechanically linked to have a range from 0 to lOOk
ohms. One variable resistance indicates the X
coordinate and the other variable resistance indicates
the Y coordinate. The joysticks are attached to give the
following input data:
Joystick B Joystick A Joystick B Joystick A
Button Button Button Button Coord. Coord. Coord. Coord.
#2 #1 #2 #1 Y X Y X
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Joystick Input Data
The game paddles have one button each and one
variable resistance each. The variable resistance is
mechanically linked to have a range from 0 to lOOk
ohms. The paddles are attached to give the following
input data.
Buttons Coordinates
Paddle Paddle Paddle Paddle Paddle Paddle Paddle Paddle
0 C B A 0 C B A
Bit 7 Bit 6 BitS Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Paddle Input Data
Pushbuttons
The pushbutton inputs are 'read' by an 'IN' from
address hex 201. These values are seen on data bits 7
through 4. These buttons default to an 'open' state
and are 'read' as 1. When a button is pressed, it is
'read' as O.
Note: Software should be aware that these buttons
are not debounced in hardware.
Joystick Positions
The joystick position is indicated by a potentiometer for
each coordinate. Each potentiometer has a range from
o to lOOk ohms that varies the time constant for each
of the four one-shots. As this time constant is set at
different values, the output of the one-shot will be of
varying durations.
All four one-shots are fired simultaneously by an
'OUT' to address hex 201. All four one-shot outputs
Joystick
will go I true I after the fire pulse and will remain
I high I for varying times depending on where each
potentiometer is set.
These four one-shot outputs are I read I by an I IN I
from address hex 201 and are seen on data bits 3
through o.
Signal N.ame Pin Number
Keyplug
A01
LOGIC GND A02
VAXIS RESISTANCE A03
+5V A04 System
SHIELD GND 801
Bo.ard
X-AXIS RESISTANCE 802
SWITCH 803
SWITCH 804
Connector Specification
Notes:
Serial Port (RS232)
The PCjr serial port is fully programmable and supports
asynchronous communications only. It will add and
remove start bits, stop bits, and parity bits. A
programmable baud-rate generator allows operation
from 50 baud to 4800 baud. Five, six, seven or eight
bit characters with 1, 1-1/2, or 2 stop bits are
supported. A fully-prioritized interrupt-system controls
transmit, receive, line status and data-set interrupts.
Diagnostic capabilities provide loopback functions of
transmit/ receive and input/output signals.
The nucleus of the adapter is a 8250A LSI chip or
functional equivalent. Features in addition to those
previously listed are:
Full double-buffering eliminates the need for precise
synchronization
Independent receiver clock input
Modem control functions: clear to send (CTS),
request to send (RTS), data set ready (DSR), data
terminal ready (DTR)
Even, odd, or no-parity-bit generation and detection
False start bit detection
Complete status reporting capabilities
Line-break generation and detection
Break, parity, overrun, and framing error simulation
Full prioritized interrupt system controls
All communications protocol is a function of the system
ROM and must be loaded before the adapter is
operational. All pacing of the interface and control-
signal status must be handled by the system software.
It should be noted that Asynchronous (Async)
receive operations cannot overlap diskette operation
since all but the Diskette Interrupt are masked I off I
during diskette operations. If Async receive
Serial Port 2-125
operations are going to be overlapped with keyboard
receive operations, the Async Receiver rate cannot
exceed 1200 baud. This is due to the processor
deserialization of the keyboard. See mM PC jr
Cordless Keyboard in this section for more information.
Programming Note: Due to the read/write cycle-time of
the 8250A, it is recommended that back-to-back I/O
operations to the 8250A be avoided. A good
Programming Technique would be to insert a short
I jump I between every consecutive 8250 I/O
instruction. This action will flush the queue and
provide 15 clock periods between I/O operations.
Note: This note only applies to programmers using
the 8250A directly. It is STRONGLY suggested
that the user not communicate directly with the
physical hardware, but use the system BIOS instead.
Note: It is important to note that when the mM
PCjr has the Internal Modem installed it is logically
COMI and the RS232 serial port is logically COM2
in BIOS, DOS, and BASIC. Without the Internal
Modem installed the RS232 serial port is logically
addressed as COMl in BIOS, DOS ,and BASIC
even though its address is still hex 2F8 using
Interrupt level 3.
The following figure is a Serial Port Block Diagram:
2-126 Serial Port
Address AO Through A2
AO Through A2
Data Bus
DO Through D7
Interrupt
Baud Clock
8250A
1.7895
Asynchronous
MHz
Communications
Element
Control Signals
EIA
EIA
Receivers
Drivers
I 16-Pin 1
I
Connector
J
Serial Port Block Diagram
Serial Port 2-127
Modes of Operation
The different modes of operation are selected by
programming the 8250A asynchronous communications
element. This is done by selecting the I/O address (hex
2F8 to 2FF) and I writing I data out to the card.
Address bits AO, At, and A2 select the different
registers that define the modes of operation. Also, the
divisor-latch access-bit (bit 7) of the line-control
register is used to select certain registers.
I/O Decode
(in Hex) Register Selected DI .. AB State
2F8 TX Buffer DLAB=O (Write)
2F8 RX Buffer DLAB=O (Read)
2F8 Divisor Latch LSB DLAB=l
2F9 Divisor Latch MSB DLAB=l
2F9 Interrupt Enable Register DLAB=O
2FA
Interrupt Identification (Don't Care)
Registers
2FB Line Control Register
(Don't Care)
2FC Modem Control Register (Don't Care)
2FD Line Status Register (Don't Care)
2FE Modem Status Register (Don't Care)
2FF Scratch Register (Don't Care)
1/0 Decodes
Address Range hex 2F8 - 2FF
Note: The state of the divisor-latch access-bit
(DLAB), which is the most-significant bit of the
line-control register, affects the selection of certain
8250A registers. The DLAB must be set I high I by
the system software to access the
baud-rate-generator divisor latches.
2-128 Serial Port
Interrupts
One interrupt line is provided to the system. This
interrupt is IRQ3 and is I positive active I. To allow the
serial port to send interrupts to the system, bit 3 of the
modem control register must be set to 1 I high I. At
this point, any of the following interrupt types
I enabled I by bits in the interrupt-enable register will
cause an interrupt: Receiver-line status, Received Data
available, Transmitter-Holding-Register empty, or
Modem Status.
Interface Description
The communications adapter provides an EIA RS-232C
electrically-compatible interface. One 2 by 8-pin Berg
connector is provided to attach to various peripheral
devices.
The voltage interface is a serial interface. It supports
data and control signals as follows:
PinA04
PinA08
PinA03
PinA07
Pin A06
Pin B02-B08
Pin A05
PinA02
Pin BOl
Transmit Data
Receive Data
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Data Set Ready
Signal Ground
Carrier Detect
Data Terminal Ready
Shield Ground
The adapter converts these signals to/from TTL levels
to EIA voltage levels. These signals are sampled or
generated by the communications-control chip. These
Serial Port 2-129
signals can then be sensed by the system software to
determine the state of the interface or peripheral
device.
Note: The above nomenclature describes the
communications adapter as a DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment) device. Suitable adapters must be used
to attach other devices such as serial printers.
Note: Ring Indicate is not supported on the PCjr.
Voltage Interchange Information
Interface
Interchange Binary Signal Control
Voltage State Condition Function
Positive Voltage = Binary (0) = Spacing = On
Negative Voltage = Binary (1) = Marking
= Off
Voltage Interchange Information
Invalid Levels
+15 Vdc
On Function
+3 Vdc
o Vdc Invalid Levels
-3 Vdc
Off Function
-15 Vdc
Invalid Levels
The signal will be considered in the I marking I
condition when the voltage on the interchange circuit,
measured at the interface point, is more negative than
2-130 Serial Port
-3 Vdc with respect to signal ground. The signal will be
considered in the I spacing I condition when the voltage
is more positive than + 3 V dc with respect to signal
ground. The region between +3 Vdc and -3 Vdc is
defined as the transition region, and considered an
invalid level. The voltage which is more negative than
-15 V dc or more positive than + 15 V dc will also be
considered an invalid level.
During the transmission of data, the I marking I
condition will be used to denote the binary state 1, and
the I spacing I condition will be used to denote the
binary state O.
For interface control circuits, the function is Ion I
when the voltage is more positive than +3 Vdc with
respect to signal ground and is I off I when the voltage
is more negative than -3 Vdc with respect to signal
ground.
For detailed information regarding the INS8250A
Communications Controller, refer to
"Bibliography" .
Output Signals
Output 1 (OUT 1), Pin 34: Output 1 of the 8250A is
not supported in PCjr hardware.
Output 2 (OUT 2), Pin 31: Output 2 of the 8250A is
not supported in PCjr hardware.
Accessible Registers
The INS8250A has a number of accessible registers.
The system programmer may access or control any of
Serial Port 2-131
the INS8250A registers through the processor. These
registers are used to control INS8250A operations and
to transmit and receive data. For further information
regarding accessible registers, refer to
"Bibliography" .
INS82S0A Programmable Baud Rate
Generator
The INS8250A contains a programmable baud rate
generator that is capable of taking the clock input
(1.7895 MHz) and dividing it by any divisor from 1 to
(65535). The output frequency of the Baud Rate
Generator is 16 x the baud rate [divisor number =
(frequency input) I (baud rate x 16)]. Two 8-bit
latches store the divisor in a 16-bit binary- format.
These divisor latches must be loaded during
initialization in order to ensure desired operation of the
baud rate generator. Upon loading either of the divisor
latches, a 16-bit baud-counter is immediately loaded.
This prevents long counts on initial load.
The following figure illustrates the use of the baud rate
generator with a frequency of 1.7895 MHz. For baud
rates of 4800 and below, the error obtained is minimal.
Note: The maximum operating frequency of the
baud generator is 3.1 MHz. In no case should the
data rate be greater than 4800 baud.
2-132 Serial Port
Desired Divisor Used to Percent Error Per Bit
Baud Generate 16x Clock Difference Between
Rate
(Decimal) (Hex) Desired and Actual
50 2237 8BO .006
75 1491 503 .017
110 1017 lAI .023
134.5 832 167 .054
150 746 12C .050
300 373 175 .050
600 186 BA .218
1200 93 50 .218
1800 62 3E .218
2000 56 38 .140
2400 47 2F .855
3600 31 IF .218
4800 23 17 1.291
Baud Rate at 1 .7895 MHz
Note: These divisions are different than that used
in the IBM Personal Computer. For portability, all
initialization should be done through the system
BIOS.
Note: Receive rates should not exceed 1200 baud if
the receive operation is overlapped with keyboard
keystrokes.
The following Assembly language sample program
initializes the 8250. The baud rate is set to 1200 baud.
It's data word is defined: 8 bits long with 1 stop bit odd
parity.
Serial Port 2-133
BEGIN PROC NEAR
MOV AL,SOH SET DLAB = 1
MOV DX,2FBH To Line Control Register
OUT DX,AL
JMP $+2 110 DELAY
MOV DX,2FSH Point to LSB of Divisor Latch
MOV AL,5DH This is LSB of Divisor
OUT DX,AL
JMP $+2 I/O DELAY
MOV DX,2F9H Point to MSB of Divisor Latch
MOV AL,O This is MSB of Divisor
OUT DX,AL
JMP $+2 I/O DELAY
MOV DX,2FBH Line Control Register
MOV AL,OBH S Bits/Word, 1 Stop Bit,
Odd Parity, DLAB = 0
OUT DX,AL
JMP $+2 I/O DELAY
MOV DX,2FSH
IN AL,DX In Case Writing to Port LCR Caused
Data Ready to go high
ENDP
BEGIN
Assembly Language Sample Program
UNUSED A1 B1 SHIELD GND
DTR LOGIC GND
RTS LOGIC GND
TRANSMIT DATA A4 B4 LOGIC GND
CARRIER DETECT LOGIC GND
DSR LOGIC GND
CTS LOGIC GND
RECEIVE DATA AS BS LOGIC GND
2-134 Serial Port
System Power Supply
The system power supply is a 33 Watt, three
voltage-level, two-stage supply. The first stage is an
external power transformer that provides a single-fuse
protected, extra low, ac-voltage output. The power
cord is 3.08 meters (10.16 feet) long. The second stage
is an internal, printed-circuit board, which is vertically
mounted into the system board. The second stage
converts the transformer's ac-output into three
dc-output levels.
The amount of power available on the I/O connector
for a machine that is fully configured with internal
features is 400 rnA of +5 Vdc, 0 rnA of +12 Vdc and 0
rnA of -6 Vdc.
Power is supplied to the system board through a
printed-circuit-board edge-connector. The diskette
drive is powered through a separate four-pin connector
mounted on the front edge of the Power Board. The
power for the diskette drive fan is provided by a
three-pin Berg-type connector mounted directly below
the diskette-drive connector. Power is removed from
the system board and diskette drive by a switch
mounted on the rear of the Power Board. Both the
switch and the transformer connector are accessible
from the rear of the system.
Power Supply 2-135
Operating Characteristics
Power Supply Input Requirements
Voltage (Vac) Frequency Current (Amps)
Nominal Minimum Maximum .5 Hz Maximum
120 104 127 60 Hz .65 at 104 Vac
Voltage ae
D.C Outputs
Vdc Regulation
Voltage Current (Amps) Tolerance
Nominal Minimum Maximum
%
+5 *1.5 3.6 5
+12 .04 1.2 5
6 0.0 .025 16
Voltage de
* There must be a minimum of a 1.5 Amp load on the
+5 Vdc output for the -6 Vdc to be present.
2-136 Power Supply
Over-Voltage/ Over-Current Protection
Input (Transformer)
The following table describes the transformer input
protection:
Voltage (Nominal) Type Protection Rating (Amps)
120 Vac Non-resettable Fuse 5A Slo Blow
Thermal/ Over-Current
Input Protection
Output (Power Board)
The following table describes the Power Board's output
protection:
Protection Condition
Output
Voltages Over-Voltage Over-Current
+5 Vdc *6.3 .7 Vdc **3.9 .25 Amps
12 Vdc *14.4 1.4 Vdc 2.2 .9 Amps
* Over-Voltage protection is provided by fuse FI.
**Resettable by removing the fault condition and removing
power for at least 5 seconds and then applying power.
Output Protection
Power Supply 2-137
Input From 1
Transformer
Power Board (Component Side)
o

m
2 Supply to
o :0 33 Diskette
4 Drive
1
2 Fan Plug
L---r-_......-J
Grounding Pin _________ -r-WL.Uu....L..LLLU
Connector A 1 0 A 1
1 ------+1 2
2 ------GN D
3 ------GN D
4 ------+5
Power 5 -----+5
Board
6
------+5
7 ------+5
8 -----GN D
9 -----GN D
10 -----+1 2
'---1-----17 Vac
Power
Board
1---- 2
'--- 3 17 Vac ----I
1 +12Vdc - 1
System
Board
Transformer
Diskette 2 GNO 2 Power
Orive
3 GNO 3
Board
4 +5Vdc 4
2-138 Power Supply
Fan
1 1----- GND ~
21----+12Vdc-----I
3 G N D ~
Fan Connector Specifications
1
2
3
Power
Board
Power Supply 2-139
Notes:
2-140 Power Supply
SECTION 3. SYSTEM OPTIONS
Contents
IBM PCjr 64KB Memory and Display Expansion 3-5
IBM PCjr Diskette Drive Adapter ........... 3-13
Functional Description ................. 3-15
Digital Output Register .............. 3-15
WatchDog Timer ................... 3-16
Floppy Disk Controller (FDC) ........ 3-16
Programming Summary .............. 3-17
Comments ........................ 3-16
System I/O Channel Interface ........... 3-19
Drive Interface ....................... 3-22
Adapter Outputs ................... 3-22
Adapter Inputs ..................... 3-24
Voltage and Current Requirements ........ 3-24
IBM PCjr Diskette Drive
3-27
3-27
Diskette ................................ 3-31
IBM PCjr Internal Modem ............... 3-33
Modem Design Parameters .............. 3-37
Programming Considerations ............ 3-40
Command Format .................. 3-40
Commands ........................ 3-42
Responses ........................ 3-59
Editing/Changing Command Lines ..... 3-59
Status Conditions ..................... 3-60
Dialing and Loss of Carrier .............. 3-60
3-1
Default State ......................... 3-63
Programming Examples ................. 3-63
Modes of Operation ................... 3-68
Interrupts ........................... 3-70
Data Format ......................... 3-70
Interfaces ........................... 3-70
8250A to Modem Interface ........... 3-70
Telephone Company Interface ......... 3-74
System I/O Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-74
IBM PCjr Attachable Joystick ......... 3-77
Hardware Description .................. 3-77
IBM Color Display ................... 3-81
Hardware Description .................. 3-81
Operating Characteristics ............... 3-82
IBM Connector for Television
3-85
IBM PCjr Keyboard Cord ............... 3-87
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for Serial Devices ... 3-89
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for Cassette ....... 3-91
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for the IBM Color
Display ......................... 3-93
IBM PCjr Parallel Printer Attachment ........ 3-95
Description .......................... 3-96
System Interface ...................... 3-98
Programming Considerations ............ 3-99
Command Definition ................ 3-99
IBM Graphics Printer ................. 3-107
Printer Specifications ................. 3-107
3-2
DIP Switch Settings ........................... 3-101
Parallel Interface Description ................... 3-103
Data Transfer Sequence ..................... 3-103
Interface Signals .......................... 3-104
Printer Modes ............................... 3-106
Printer Control Codes ......................... 3-107
IBM PC Compact Printer ..................... 3-133
Printer Specifications .................. ... 3-135
Serial Interface Description ............. . .. 3-139
Print Mode Combinations for the PC
Compact Printer ........................ 3-140
Printer Control Codes and Functions ....... 3-140
3-3
Notes:
3-4
IBM PCjr 64KB Memory and Display
Expansion
The 64KB Memory and Display Expansion option
enables the user to work with the higher density video
modes while increasing the system's memory size by
64K bytes to a total of 128K bytes. The memory
expansion option plugs into the 44-pin memory
expansion connector on the system board. Only one
memory expansion is supported.
The Memory Expansion Option does not require the
user to reconfigure the system to recognize the
additional memory.
Eight 64K-by-l, 150 ns, dynamic memory modules
provide 64K bytes of storage. The memory modules
are Motorola's MCM6665AL15, and Texas
Instrument's TMS4164-15, or equivalent.
When inserted, the memory expansion option uses the
ODD memory space, while the system memory is
decoded as the EVEN memory. Thus, when used as
video memory, the memory expansion option has the
video attributes while the on-board system memory has
the video characters. This arrangement provides a
higher bandwidth of video characters.
In addition to the eight memory modules, the expansion
card has logic to do the EVEN/ODD address decoding,
video data multiplexing, and a CARD PRESENT wrap.
Dynamic-refresh timing and address generation are
done on the system board and used by the memory
expansion option.
64KB Memory Expansion 3-5
The following is a block diagram of the IDM PCjr
64KB Memory and Display Expansion.
DO-D7
MEMA O-A7
CPU LA TCH
ATR
LATCH
AS. -WE.
DLY.
RAS.C
AO.CPU
VIDEO MEMR
64Kx8 RAM
Din D
out
ADR
CNTL
Odd/Even
Gating
Memory Expansion Block Diagram
3-6 64KB Memory Expansion
CPU LATCH
I--
r LatGh
T
ATR LATCH
Latch
G
T
--
MDO-MD7
.. -DI
-DI
SABLE E DATA
SABLE CASO
-LC G
----" -ATR CD IN
-!-
Signal
I/O
Description
+RAS I + Row Address Strobe.
This line is inverted and
then becomes the -RAS
for the RAM modules.
+AO
I Microprocessor Address
O. This is used to
determine whether the
microprocessor access is
from the system board
RAM (Low) or from the
expansion RAM (High).
-DISABLE EDATA 0 When the expansion
RAM card is in and the
microprocessor is reading
an ODD byte of data the
expansion card tri-states
the latch for EVEN data
on the system board
using this line.
ATRLATCH I This signal indicates that
the expansion RAM card
should 'latch' up data
from the expansion RAM
into the attribute latch.
MDOthruMD7 0 These data lines contain
CRT information from
the attribute latch and go
to the Video Gate Array.
DO thru D7 I/O These data lines are from
the microprocessor and
are bidirectional.
MEM AO thru A 7 I These are the multiplexed
address lines for the
dynamic-RAM modules.
These lines are
multiplexed between row
address and column
address, and also
between microprocessor
and CRT addresses.
VIDEOMEMR I When this signal is
, high' it indicates a
MEMR is accessing the
system board or
expansion RAM is being
accessed. This line along
with AO determines if the
expansion RAM
microprocessor latch
should 'gate' its data
onto the DO thru D7 Bus.
CPUDLY I This line when 'high'
indicates that a
microprocessor RAM
cycle is occurring. It is
used to gate 'off' the
expansion RAM CAS or
used with AO to generate
the -DISABLE CAS 0
signal.
-DISABLE CAS 0 0 This line is used to
disable the system board
CASO when a system
microprocessor 'write' is
occurring to the
expansion RAM. This
line keeps the 'write'
from occurring to the
system board RAM.
+CAS I Column Address Strobe.
This line instructs the
expansion RAM to
'latch' up the address on
the MEM AO thru A 7
address lines.
-LCG 0 This line is used to
instruct the system board
that attributes or ODD
graphics data should be
, read' from the
expansion RAM card for
use by the Video Gate
Array.
GATE I This line is 'wrapped'
and becomes the -LeG
output.
-WE I This line instructs the
memory that the cycle is
a microprocessor 'write'
cycle.
CPU LATCH I This line instructs the
expansion RAM card to
'latch' the data from
the expansion RAM into
the microprocessor latch.
-ATRCDIN 0 This line is a wrap of the
ground line on the
expansion RAM card. It
pulls 'down' an 8255
input so that the
microprocessor can tell if
this card is installed or
not.
The following is the connector specifications for the
IBM PC}r 64KB Memory and Display Expansion.
I
B22
System loppo,;" S;de '
Connector A 1 A22
64KB Memory and Display Expansion
Connector Connector
Pin Signal Name Signal Name Pin
AOI +RAS VIDEO MEMR BOI
A02 AO CPU DLY B02
A03 -DISABLE -DISABLE B03
EDATA CAS 0
A04 ATR LATCH +CAS B04
A05 MD4 -LCG B05
A06 MD5 GATE B06
A07 MD6 Ground B07
A08 MD7 Ground B08
A09 MOO Ground B09
AIO MDI -WE BIO
All MD2 CPU LATCH BII
AI2 MD3 -ATR CD IN BI2
AI3 GND GND B13
AI4 VCC VCC BI4
AI5 D7 06 BI5
AI6 05 D4 BI6
Al7 03 02 BI7
AI8 01 DO BI8
AI9 MEMA6 MEMA7 BI9
A20 MEMA4 MEMA5 B20
A21 MEMA2 MEMA3 B21
A22 MEMAO MEMAI B22
Notes:
IBM PCjr Diskette Drive Adapter
The diskette drive adapter resides in a dedicated
connector on the IBM PCjr system board. It is
attached to the single diskette drive through a flat,
internal, 60-conductor, signal cable.
The general purpose adapter is designed for a
double-density, Modified Frequency Modulation
(MFM)-coded, diskette drive and uses write
precompensation with an analog phase-lock loop for
clock and data recovery. The adapter uses the NEC
JLPD765 or compatible controller, so the JLPD765
characteristics of the diskette drive can be programmed.
In addition, the attachment supports the diskette drive's
write-protect feature. The adapter is buffered on the
I/O bus and uses the system ROM BIOS for
transferring record data. An interrupt level is also used
to indicate an error status condition that requires
processor attention.
A block diagram of the diskette drive adapter follows.
Diskette Drive Adapter 3-13
...
Clock
and
Write
---{>
Write Data
Timing
Precompensate
Circuit
....
Circuit
1
f
Write
"--
../
Data
Read Data

r--
Data
VCO SYNC
Separator
i-
STD DATA
..... r---.
......
Data Window
NEC
Floppy
"
Step

-"
-
Buffer Disk
Direction
'\r- r-./
Controller
-v-
Write Enable
v-
f'....
Head Select
- Index
'I
A
Write Protect
.....,
-"'"
Track 0
t Reset
Drive A Motor On
Watch
.-

Digital
Dog
Control
Timer
_ Drive A Select
Port
(3 Sec)
INTR
r-j
J
1
Diskette Drive Adapter Block Diagram
Bit
From a programming point of view, the diskette drive
adapter consists of a 4-bit digital output register (DOR)
in parallel with a NEC JLPD765 or equivalent floppy
disk controller (FDC).
Digital Output Register
The digital output register (DOR) is an output-only
register used to control the motor and selection.
All bits are cleared by the I/O interface reset line. The
bits have the following functions:
1/0 Address Hex F2
7 6 543

i 'I L: O,;w
Reserved
'-------... Reserved
'--________ Reserved
'-----____ --1 ... Watch Dog Timer Enable
'-----------...... Watch Dog Timer Trigger
'-------------..-FDC Reset
Note: All bits are cleared with channel reset.
Digital Output Register
Bit 0 This bit controls the motor and enable
lines to the drive. When 'high' (1), this
bit will turn 'on' the drive motor and
'enable' the drive. When 'low' (0), this
bit will turn 'off' the drive motor and
, disable' the drive.
Bits 1-4 These bits are reserved.
Bit 5 When 'high' (1), this bit 'enables' the
WatchDog Timer function and interrupt.
When 'low' (0), this bit' disables' the
WatchDog Timer and interrupt.
Bit 6 This bit controls the start of a watchdog
timer cycle. Two output commands are
required to operate the trigger. A 1 and
then a 0 must be written in succession to
'strobe' the trigger.
Bit 7 This bit is the hardware 'reset' for the
floppy diskette controller chip. When
'low' (0), this bit holds the FDC in its
'reset' state. When' high' (1), this bit
releases the 'reset' state on the FDC.
WatchDog Timer
The WatchDog Timer (WDT) is a one to three-second
timer connected to interrupt request line 6 (IRQ6) of
the 8259. This timer breaks the program out of data
transfer loops in the event of a hardware malfunction.
The WatchDog Timer starts its cycle when 'triggered.'
Floppy Disk Controller (FDC)
The floppy disk controller (FDC) contains two registers
that can be accessed by the system microprocessor: a
status register and a data register. The 8-bit
main-status register contains the status information of
the FDC and can be accessed at any time. The 8-bit
data register consists of several registers in a stack with
only one register presented to the data bus at a time.
The data register stores data, commands, parameters,
and provides floppy disk drive (FDD) status
information. Data bytes are read from or written to the
data register in order to program or obtain results after
3-16 Diskette Drive Adapter
a particular command. The main status register can
only be read and is used to facilitate the transfer of data
between the system microprocessor and FDC.
FDC Register
Data Register
Main Status Register
I/O Address
hexF5
hexF4
Programming Summary
The FDC is set up with the following Parameters during
system power up:
Parameter Power-up Condition
Sector Size hex 02 for 512 Byte Sectors
Sector Count 9
Head Unload hex OF - Has no effect on system
operation.
Head Step Rate hex D - This gives a step rate of
6 milliseconds.
Head Load Time hex 1 Minimum head load time.
Format Gap hex 50
Write Gap hex 2A
Non-DMA Mode hex 1
Fill byte for Format hex F6
Foe Power-up Parameters Settings

;
....

The mM PCjr Diskette Drive Adapter and BIOS use
and support the following FDC commands:
Specify
Recalibrate
Seek
Sense interrupt status
Sense Drive status
Read data
Write data
Format a track
Note: Please refer to the Diskette section of the
BIOS listing for details of how these commands are
used.
The following FDC hardware functions are not
implemented or supported by the mM pejr Diskette
Drive Adapter.
DMA data transfer
FDC interrupt
Drive polling and overlapped seek
FM data incoding
Unit select status bits
2 Heads (1 per side)
40 Cylinders (Tracks) / Side
9 Sectors/Track
512 Bytes/ Sector
Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM)
Diskette Format
Constant Value
Head Load Not Applicable
Head Settle 21 Milliseconds
Motor Start 500 Milliseconds
Drive Constants
Comments
1. Head loads when diskette is clamped.
2. Following access, wait Head Settle time before
RD/WR.
3. Drive motor should be I off I when not in use. Wait
Motor Start time before RD/WR.
4. All system interrupts except IRQ6 must be
I disabled I during diskette data transfer in order to
prevent data under-run or over-run conditions from
occurring.
System 110 Channel Interface
All signals are TTL-compatible:
Most-Positive Up-Level
Least-Positive Up-Level
Most-Positive Down-Level
Least-Positive Down-Level
+ 5.5 Vdc
+ 2.7 Vdc
+ 0.5 Vdc
- 0.5 Vdc
The following lines are used by this adapter:
+DOthru 7 (Bidirectional, Load: 174LS,
Driver: 74LS 3-state)
+AO tbm3
-lOW
-lOR
-RESET
+IRQ6
-DISKETTE
CARD
INSTALLED
These eight lines form a bus through
which all commands, status, and data
are transferred. Bit 0 is the
low-order bit.
(Adapter Input, Load: 174LS)
These four lines form an address bus
by which a register is selected to
receive or supply the byte
transferred through lines 00-7. Bit 0
is the low-order bit.
The content of lines 00-7 is stored
in the register addressed by lines
AO-3 at the trailing edge of this
signal.
The content of the register addressed
by lines AO-3 is I gated I onto lines
00-7 when this line is I active. I
A down level I aborts I any operation
in process and I clears I the digital
output register (DOR).
(Adapter Output, Driver: 74LS
3-state)
This line is made I active I when the
WatchDog timer times out.
(Adapter Output, Driver: Gnd.)
This line is pulled I up I on the
System Board and is wired to input
port bit PC2 on port hex 62 of the
-Diskette CS
A9
DRQO
DACKO
8255. This line is used by the
program to determine if the diskette
drive adapter is installed.
This line is shared with the modem
CS line and is 'low' whenever the
microprocessor is doing lOR or lOW
to either the diskette adapter or the
modem. This line should be
conditioned with A9 being 'low' to
generate a DISKETTE CS.
This line is the microprocessor
address line 9. When this line is
'low' and -DISKETTE CS is 'low',
lOR and lOW are used by the
diskette adapter.
(adapter Output, Driver: NEC ILpd
765)
This output would indicate to a
DMA device on the external I/O
Channel that the diskette controller
wants to 'receive' or 'transmit' a
byte of data to or from memory.
(Adapter input, Load: NEC ILpd
765)
This line should come from an
external DMA and should indicate
that a byte is being transferred
from/to the Floppy Disk Controller
to/from memory.
Drive Interface
All signals are TTL-compatible:
Most Positive Up Level
Least Positive Up Level
Most Positive Down Level
Least Positive Down Level
+ 5.5 Vdc
+ 2.4 Vdc
+ 0.4 Vdc
- 0.5 Vdc
All adapter outputs are driven by active collector gates.
The drive should not provide termination networks to
V cc (except Drive Select which has a 2,000 ohm
resistor to V cc).
Each attachment input is terminated with a 2,000 ohm
resistor to V cc.
Adapter Outputs
-Drive Select
-Motor Enable
-Step
(Driver: MC3487)
This line is used to 'de gate , all
drivers to the adapter and receivers
from the adapter (except Motor
Enable) when the line is not
'active. '
(Driver: 74LS04)
The drive must control its spindle
motor to 'start' when the line
becomes 'active' and 'stop' when
the line becomes 'inactive.'
(Driver: MC3487)
The selected drive must move the
read/write head one cylinder in or
-Direction
-Write Data
-Write Enable
-HEAD
SELECT 1
out as instructed by the Direction
line for each pulse present on this
line.
(Driver: MC3487)
For each recognized pulse of the
step line the read/write head should
move one cylinder toward the
spindle if this line is active, and
away from the spindle if not-active.
(Driver: 74LS04)
For each I inactive I to I active I
transition of this line while Write
Enable is I active I , the selected
drive must cause a flux change to be
stored on the diskette.
(Driver: MC3487)
The drive must I disable I write
current in the head unless this line
is I active. I
(Driver: MC3487)
This interface signal defines which
side of a two-sided diskette is used
for data recording or retrievaL A
I high I level on this line selects the
R/W head on the side 1 surface of
the diskette. When switching from
side 0 to side 1 and conversely, a
100 /LS delay is required before any
I read I or I write I operation can be "
initiated.
Adapter Inputs
-Index
- Write Protect
-Track 0
-Read Data
The selected drive must supply
one pulse per diskette
revolution on this line.
The selected drive must make
this line I active I if a
write-protected diskette is
mounted in the drive.
The selected drive must make
this line I active I if the
read/write head is over track
o.
The selected drive must supply
a pulse on this line for each
flux change encountered on the
diskette.
Voltage and Current Requirements
The diskette drive adapter requires a voltage supply of
+5 Vdc +/- 5% and draws a nominal current of 525
rnA and a maximum current of 700 mAo
Signal Cable
Connector Keyed (Pin 5 Missing)
33 1
::::::::::::::.:: 2
34c=J .CJ c::=J c=J c:J
r=:J c:::::J c=J c:J c=J c:::::J
c:::::J c::J CJ r=:J CJ r=::J
System Board
Connector
Diskette Drive Adapter
At Standard TTL Levels
Pin
Number
Ground - Odd Numbers - 1 Through 33
5 (See
Unused 2,4,6
-INDEX
8
Unused 10
-DRIVE SElECT 12
Diskette
Unused 14
Drive
-MOTOR ENABLE 16
-DIRECTION (Stepper Motor}---18
-STEP PULSE 20
-WRITE DATA 22
-WRITE ENABLE
24
-TRACK 0
26
-WRITE PROTECT 28
-READ DATA 30
-SElECT HEAD 1 32
Unused 34
Note: Pin 5 is missing to match the key plug on the signal cable.
Connector Specifications (Part 1 of 2)
Note)
Diskette
Drive
Adapter
Signal Name Diskette Drive Adapter Signal Name
07 A01 B01 +5V
06
..
-DISKETTE CS
05
..
A9
GND A3
04 A05 B05 GND
03
..
A2
02 A1
GND AO
01 GND
DO A10 B10 -lOR
IRQ6 -lOW
+DRQO GND
-DACKO -CARD INSTL
-5V -RESET
N/C A15 B15
..
+5V
System Board System Board
Note: All levels are TTL compatible.
IBM PCjr Diskette Drive
The system unit has space and power for one diskette
drive. The drive is double-sided with 40 tracks for each
side, is fully self -contained, and consists of a
spindle-drive system, a read- positioning system, and a
read/write/ erase system.
The diskette drive uses modified frequency modulation
(MFM) to read and write digital-data, with a
track-to-track access time of 6 milliseconds.
To load a diskette, the operator rotates the load lever at
the front of the diskette drive clockwise and inserts the
diskette into the slot. Plastic guides in the slot ensure
the diskette is in the correct position. Closing the load
lever centers the diskette and clamps it to the drive hub.
This same action also loads the Read/Write heads
against the surfaces of the diskette. The load lever is
mechanically interlocked to prevent closing of the lever
if a diskette is not installed.
The head-positioning system moves the magnetic head
to come in contact with the desired track of the
diskette. Operator intervention is not required during
normal operation. If the diskette is write-protected, a
write-protect sensor I disables I the drive's circuitry,
and an appropriate signal is sent to the interface.
Data is read from the diskette by the data-recovery
circuitry, which consists of a low-level read-amplifier,
differentiator, zero-crossing detector, and digitizing
circuits. All data decoding is done by the adapter card.
Diskette Drive 3-27
The IBM PCjr Diskette Drive is equipped with a media
cooling fan, which gets its power from the power supply
board.
The diskette drive also has the following sensor
systems:
The track 00 sensor, senses when the head/carriage
assembly is at track 00.
The index sensor, which consists of an LED light
source and photo transistor. This sensor is
positioned so that when an index hole is detected, a
digital signal is generated.
The write-protect sensor I disables I the diskette
drive's electronics whenever it senses a
write-protect tab on the diskette.
The drive requires power within the following
specifications:
S pecifieation +5 Vde Input +12 V de Input
Nominal Supply +5 Vdc +12 Vdc
Ripple (0 to 50 kHz) lOOmV lOOmV
Tolerance (Including Ripple)
5% 5%
Standby Current (N aminal) 600 rnA 400 rnA
Standby Current (Worst Case) 700 rnA 500 rnA
Operating Current (N ominal) 600 rnA 900 rnA
Operating Current (Worst Case) 700 rnA 2400 rnA
Diskette Drive Power Specifications
For interface information refer to "Diskette Drive
Adapter" in this section.
F or mechanical and electrical specifications see
Appendix D.
3-28 Diskette Drive
Key Signal Cable
Slot Connector
Power
Connector Fan Connector
Opposite Side
1 33
Diskette Drive Connectors
Diskette
Drive
1
2
3
4
1----; +12 Vdc -----I
GND-----\
GND-----I
+5Vdc ----I
1 I-----GND -----I
1
2
3
4
Diskette
Drive
Fan
2 1----+12Vdc----I 2
3 GND -----\ 3
Power
Board
Power
Board
Diskette Drive 3-29
Notes:
3-30 Diskette Drive
Diskette
The IBM PCjr Diskette Drive uses a standard 133.4
mm (5.25 in.) diskette. For programming
considerations, single-sided, double-density,
soft-sectored diskettes are used for single-sided drives.
Double-sided drives use double-sided, double-density,
soft-sectored diskettes. The figure below is a simplified
drawing of the diskette used with the diskette drive.
This recording medium is a flexible magnetic disk
enclosed in a protective jacket. The protected disk, free
to rotate within the jacket, is continuously cleaned by
the soft fabric lining of the jacket during normal
operation. Read/write/erase head access is through an
opening in the jacket. Openings for the drive hub and
diskette index hole are also provided.
0.140 Inch
(3.56 mm)
0.25 0.01 Inch
r--------I-----fi
l
- Sealed

(6.30 0.25 mm)
~
Protective
Oxide Coated
Mylar Disk
I
I
--ffi

I 5.25 Inch I
I-(133.4 mm)
Recording Medium
Jacket
ii E
-; ~ 5.25 Inch .
o "! (133.4 mm)
o 0
+1 +1
o LO
(Xl <D
M (Xl
"'
Access
"
\
,
/
/
\
J
I
Hole Aperture Index Hole
Diskette 3-31
Notes:
3-32 Diskette
IBM PCjr Internal Modem
The IBM PCjr Internal Modem is a 65 mm (2.5 inch)
by 190 mm (7.5 inch) adapter that plugs into the pejr
system board modem connector. The modem
connector is an extension of the systemJ/O bus. All
system control signals and voltage requirements are
provided through a 2 by 15 position card-edge tab with
0.254 cm (0.100-inch) spacing on the modem adapter.
The Internal Modem consists of two major parts: (1)
the INS8250A Asynchronous Communication Element,
and (2) the Smart 103 Modem. Therefore, the
programming must be considered in two parts. The
INS8250A communications protocol is a function of
the system ROM BIOS, and is discussed later in this
section. All I pacing I of the interface and control-signal
status must be handled by the system software. After
the INS8250A is initialized, the modem is controlled by
ASCII. characters transmitted by the INS8250A.
Key features of the INS8250A used in the modem
adapter are:
Adds or deletes start bits, stop bits, and parity bits
to or from the serial data stream
Full double-buffering eliminates the need for precise
synchronization
Independently-controlled transmit, receive, line
status, and data-set interrupts
Programmable baud-rate-generator allows division
of the baud clock by 373 (hex 175) for a 300-bps
transmission-speed or 1017 (hex 3F9) for a 1l0-bps
transmission-speed to generate the internal 16 x
clock
Internal Modem 3-33
Modem-control functions: Clear to Send (CTS),
Data Set Ready (DSR), Data Terminal Ready
(DTR), Ring Indicator (RI), and Data Carrier
Detect (DCD)
Fully-programmable serial-interface
characteristics:
7, or 8-bit characters
Even, odd, or no-parity bit generation and
detection
1 stop-bit generation
Baud-rate generation
False-start bit detection
Complete status reporting capabilities
Line-break generation and detection
Internal-diagnostic capabilities
Loopback controls for communications-link
fault-isolation
Break, parity, overrun, framing-error simulation
Fully prioritized-interrupt system-controls
Key features of the Smart 103 Modem used on the mM
PCjr Internal Modem are:
Direct connection to a telephone company line
through an FCC Part-68-approved permissive
connection
Compatible to Bell Series 100 originate/answer for
modulation and handshaking
All functions controlled by ASCII characters and
INS8250A modem-control lines
Uses modular phone-jack (USOC RJ11)
Data rate is either 300 or 110 bits-per-second
Auto/manual originate
Auto/manual answer
Communication mode is full duplex on two-wire,
switched-network channels
3-34 Internal Modem
Auto dialer; either DTMF ([dual-tone
modulated-frequency] touch-tone) or pulse-dialing
(rotary dial) by software command
Tandem dialing
Call-progress reporting
Dial-tone, ring-back tone, and busy-tone detection
Internal Modem 3-35
Chip Select
Data
Data Bus
8250A
Interrupt
Asychronous
Communications
3870
Clock (1.7 MHz)
Element
Control i c r o ~
controller
103
Demodulator
Interface
Circuit
RJ11
Phone
Jack
IBM PCjr Internal Modem Block Diagram
3-36 Internal Modem
Modem Design Parameters
The following tables describe the design parameters of
the Smart 103 Modem.
Dialer Type: Two modes
1. Forced Touch-Tone (DTMF) dialing
2. Forced pulse dialing
Tandem Dialing: The ASCII character P (hex 50 or 70) in
the dial string causes a delay of up to 10
seconds while the modem is searching
for another dial tone. A time out will
cause the modem to hang up and post
status. The ASCII character W (hex 57
or 77) in the dial string causes a
5-second dead wait before continuing to
dial. Multiple ASCII W's will cause
multiple waits.
Pulse Dialing: Rate: 10 + 1, -0 pulses per second
Duty Cycle: 60% make, 40% break
lnterdigit Delay: 800 ms 50 ms
DTM F Dialing: T one Duration: 85 ms 10 ms
lntertone Duration: 80 ms 10 ms
Dialer Parameters (Part 1 of 2)
Internal Modem 3-37

-
i
Tone Pair Frequencies:
ASCII Digit Code Frequency (Hz)
0 941 1336
I 697 1209
2 697 1336
3 697 1477
4 770 1209
5 770 1336
6 770 1477
7 852 1209
8 852 1336
9 852 1477
*
941 1209
#
941 1477
Dialer Parameters (Part 2 of 2)
Time Out Duration: A data call will time out if an answer
tone is not detected within 45 seconds of
the last digit dialed.
Failed Call Time Out Parameter
Modulation: Conforms to Bell 103/113 specification using
binary phase-coherent frequency shift keying
(FSK).
Modulation Parameter
3-38 Internal Modem
Mode Originating End Answering End
Transmit 1070 Space 2025 Space
1270 Mark 2225 Mark
Receive 2025 Hz Space 1070 Hz Space
2225 Hz Mark 1270 Hz Mark
Transmitter IReceiver Frequency Parameters
Receive Sensitivity More negative or equal to -42 dBm.
Receive Sensitivity Parameters
Transmitter Level Fixed at -10 dBm as per FCC Part 68
Permissive connection.
Transmitter Level Parameter
Internal Modem 3-39
The modem and the mM PCjr system can communicate
commands or data between each other. Any commands
sent to the modem from the mM PCjr are stripped
from the data stream and executed but are not
transmitted to the receiving station. The data is
transparent to the modem. The modem is capable of
causing hardware interrupts as the result of certain
conditions, and in response to queries for its status.
Commands to the modem are a sequence of characters
preceded by a single command character. The
command character tells the modem that the following
character sequence, until a carriage return, is a
command. The carriage return completes the command
sequence and causes the modem to execute the
commands. The command character (represented by
[ee] in the following text) is programmable (with the
NEW command) to any ASCn character (hex 00 thru
7F). The default for the command character is Ctrl N
(ASCII hex OE).
Commands can occur anywhere in the data stream if
properly formatted but are not to be executed by the
modem until a carriage return is received.
Multiple commands are allowed if separated by commas
and preceded by a single command character.
Command Format
The following is the command format that all
commands must follow.
[ee][ eommand word] [ delimiter ][arguments] [,more][ CR]
where:
3-40 Internal Modem
[cc] is the single ASCn command
character.
[command word] is the command word or the first
letter of the command word.
[detimiter]
[arguments]
[,more]
[CR]
is always a space when separating
an argument and command word.
Any spaces thereafter are ignored
until the modem sees a comma, an
argument or a carriage return.
is a variable that is replaced by any
character allowed by the command
definition.
is any additional commands
preceded by a comma.
is a carriage return that completes
the command sequence and causes
the modem to execute the
commands.
The following are two examples of command format.
[ee] COUNT 5 [CR]
sample test [ee] VOICE, D (408)
555-1234,QUERY [CR]
Format Guidelines
1. Commands can occur anywhere in the data stream if
properly formatted but are not be executed by the
modem until a carriage return is received.
2. Multiple commands are allowed if separated by
commas and preceded by a single
command-character.
3. Only the first character of the command word is
significant. All remaining characters are ignored up
to the first space following the command word. In
other words, the DIAL command and DUMMY are
treated identically.
Internal Modem 3-41
4. The modem does not discriminate between
upper-case and lower-case characters.
5. There are three ways to send the current
command-character as data to a receiving station:
a. Consecutively sending it twice:
[ee][ee]
This would send the character a single time.
b. Change the command character (with the NEW
command) to another ASCII character and then
transmit the previous command-character.
c. Place the modem in the Transparent mode and
then transmit the character.
Commands
The commands that are used with the integrated
modem are listed on the following pages in alphabetical
order.
Each of the commands has its syntax described
according to the following conventions:
1. Words in capital letters are keywords. Only the first
letter of the keyword is required, the others are
optional.
2. You must supply any arguments which are in
lower-case letters. Valid characters for arguments
are defined as:
m - ASCII decimal digits 0 to 9, *, #, I, P, and W
n - ASCII hexadecimal digits 0 to F
0 - ASCII hexadecimal digits 0 to 9
p - any ASCII character
3-42 Internal Modem
3. All arguments are examined for validity. If extra
characters are used in an argument, the extra
characters are ignored. If the argument is invalid,
the command is ignored.
4. An ellipsis ( ... ) indicates an item may be repeated as
many times as you wish.
5. All command lines must begin with a command
character. The default command-character is
(CONTROL N).
6. Multiple commands separated by commas can
follow a single command-character.
An example of the DIAL command is given below:
Command format - DIAL m . m
Command line - DIAL 1 800555 1234
If an invalid argument or no argument is given, the
command is not executed. Also, a question mark (?) is
given as the error response and the command line is
aborted.
The commands are as follows:
Internal Modem 3-43
Format: ANSWER
A
Purpose: To logically take the phone off the hook and force
ANSWER mode. This is logically like a manual
answer.
Format: Break 0
Purpose: To send a space or break character for a duration
equal to a multiple of 100 ms (0 x 100 ms).
3-44 Internal Modem
Format: COUNT 0
Co
Where 0 is the number of complete rings in the range
of hex 0 to hex F.
When answering an incoming call, the modem
answers the phone after 0 complete incoming rings,
where 0 is any value from hex 0 to F.
A value of zero specifies that the modem not answer
an incoming call, but still carry out any instructions
from the host.
When dialing, the modem waits 0 + 3 complete
ringbacks before cancelling the call.
If 0 exceeds 4, the 45-second abort timer cancels an
outgoing call with an "UNSUCCESSFUL" response,
as more than seven ringbacks exceeds 45 seconds.
Purpose: Sets the ring count when the modem is answering an
incoming call or dialing a call.
Default: 0
Internal Modem 3-45
Format: DIAL m m
D m . m
Where m ... m is a dial string of ASCII decimal digits a
through 9, *, #, I, P, and W. A maximum of 33
characters are allowed in the dial string. The first
character of the string defaults to P (a lO-second
delay while searching for the dial tone). W causes
the modem to delay five seconds, then continue
dialing.
W or P must start a string, can also occur anywhere
within a string, and causes the digits to be tone
dialed.
The characters * and # represent the two extra
buttons on a push-button phone, but may be used for
other things.
I causes the next digits to be pulse dialed. The I
stays in effect until a (P,), (W,),or end of command.
The modem then searches for line busy, ringing, or
incoming carriers while posting the status.
Purpose: To cause the modem to dial.
Default: P (la-second timeout). (If this command is used
without an argument, the last number dialed is
redialed once.)
3-46 Internal Modem
Format: FORMATo
Fo
Where 0 is one of the following:
0 Parity Data Length Stop Bit
0 Mark 7 1
1 Space 7 1
2 Odd 7 1
3 Even 7 1
4 None 8 1
5-7 Reserved
The 8250A line control register (LCR) must specify
the same format as defined in the FORMAT 0
command to I enable I datal command
communication.
Do not combine this command with any other
commands except the SPEED command on a single
command line.
Note: If programming in BASIC, this command
must be used in addition to specifying the same
parity and data length in the BASIC I open I
statement.
Purpose: To change the parity and number of stop-bits being
transmitted at either end, to a new format.
Default: 3
Internal Modem 3-47
Format: HANGUP
H
Purpose: To perform a clean disconnect and go on-hook.
Logically the same as manually hanging up.
Format: INITIALIZE
I
This command is executed in 10 seconds and is the
same as a cold start. An "OK" response is not
returned after execution and the integrity test code in
the QUERY command is set.
Purpose: Places the modem in the power-up default-state.
3-48 Internal Modem
Format: LONG RESPONSE 0
Lo
o Mode
o Verbose
1 Terse (Hex code)
Responses
"BUSY"
"CONNECTED"
"NO ANSWER"
"NO DIAL TONE"
"OK"
"RING"
"UNSUCCESSFUL"
"?" (Question
Mark)
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Note: The dial string is not echoed in the terse
mode.
Purpose: Modifies message feedback. Information is posted in
the status area.
Default: 0 (Verbose mode)
Internal Modem 3-49
Format: MODEM
M
Purpose: Forces the modem into the data state where the
carrier is placed on the telephone line and proper
connection-protocols are followed.
Format:
This command is equivalent to ANSWER if the data
state started as autoanswer.
NEWp
Np
where p is any ASCII character.(hex OE)
Purpose: Changes the command character to an ASCII
character.
Default: Ctrl N (ASCII hex OE)
Format: ORIGINATE
o
Purpose: Logically takes the phone off -hook and forces the
ORIGINATE mode. Logically equivalent to manual
originate.
3-50 Internal Modem
Format: PICKUP
P
Purpose: Logically takes the phone off-hook and puts the
modem in the voice state.
Internal Modem 3-51
Format: QUERY
Q
Purpose: To query the modem for its status information.
Possible characters returned by the modem are as
follows:
Responses
HO or HI
SO to SF
B
D
L
N
x
TO
Tl
Meaning
Hook status: HO = on-hook, HI =
off-hook.
Current ringcount setting in hex.
Line busy.
Line dead: no dial-tone found or no
ring/ no busy timeout after dialing.
Successful dial and handshake.
Dial not recorded: dial tone present
after dialing.
No answer: ringcount plus 3
exceeded.
Integrity test passed.
Integrity test failed.
The first group of characters is always returned for a
QUERY command. The second group of characters
is returned only after a dialing sequence has been
started or a change has occurred in the dialing status.
The third group of characters is returned when a
TEST command has occurred. All characters except
the first group are erased by being read and do not
appear in response to the next QUERY unless the
3-52 Internal Modem
Format:
condition has recurred in the interim. The QUERY
response overrides any incoming data from the
telephone line.
RETRY
R
Purpose: When placed after a DIAL command, it causes the
modem to execute up to 10 redials at a rate of one
per 40 seconds. The redials are triggered by a busy
detection after dialing.
Internal Modem 3-53
Format: SPEED 0
So
o bps
0- 110
1- 300
2 - Reserved
Note: Do not combine this command with other
commands except the FORMAT command on a
single command line.
The SPEED command must be issued before the
8250A baud rate is changed.
Note: If programming in BASIC, this command
must be used in addition to specifying the same
bps rate in the BASIC 'open' statement.
Purpose: Sets the baud rate.
Default: 1 (300 bps)
3-54 Internal Modem
Format: TRANSPARENT 0 0
T 0 0
Where 0 . 0 is the number of bytes to transmit in the
range of hex 0 to hex FFFF.
Purpose: Places the modem in the transparent mode for the
next 0 0 bytes.
The modem does not look for command sequences
but instead transmits every character it receives.
The argument can be up to four ASCII-coded hex
digits long. This provides a range of 65,536 bytes.
If an argument is not included with the
TRANSPARENT command, the command is ignored
because it has no default.
The transparent mode is terminated when:
1. n ... o characters have been transmitted.
2. Loss of carrier timeout.
3. INS8250A OUT I pin goes I active. I (The
INS8250A -OUT 1 signal should remain
I active I until the transparent mode is
requested again.)
The modem exits the transparent mode before
processing the next complete character from the
host.
To re-enter the transparent mode, the sequence is:
Internal Modem 3-55
Format:
1. The INS8250A -OUT 1 pin changes to, or
remains in the I inactive I state.
2. The command string containing the
TRANSPARENT command is issued.
"" An argument of 0 causes a permanent
transparent mode which can be exited by the
INS8250A -OUT 1 pin going I active. I
VOICE
V
Purpose: Forces the modem to the voice state where no tones
or carriers are placed or searched for on the
telephone line.
This state is used for voice communication, when the
modem is an autodialer or answering device only. It
is also necessary to be in the voice state to transmit
DTMF tone-pairs.
This command I disables I the autoanswer function.
The status responses are:
1. If a busy signal is detected "BUSY OK".
2. Any other condition "OK. .. (16
dots) .... CONNECTED" .
3-56 Internal Modem
Format: WAIT
W
Purpose: Causes the modem to take no action, including
auto answer, until the next command is received from
the host. All commands following the WAIT
command in a single command-line are ignored.
Format: XMIT m ... m
Xm ... m
Purpose: Instructs the modem to transmit the DTMF
tone-pairs found in the argument string m ... m. This
is only valid in the voice state. Delays between digits _
can be caused by inserting W's in the string.
Each W causes a five-second delay.
Internal Modem 3-57
Format: ZTESTo
Zo
o Test
o - Hardware Integrity Test
1 - Analog Loop Back Test
Purpose: Places the modem in the test mode specified by the
argument.
For modes other than the integrity test, the modem
stays in the test mode until any other command is
received.
For the integrity test, the test is performed, status
posted, and then the modem returns to service
immediately. The integrity test takes eight to 10
seconds to execute and its completion is signaled by
an "OK" message.
All commands following the ZTEST command in a
single command-line are ignored.
3-58 Internal Modem
Responses
Autoanswer
If -DTR is I active I, the modem goes off-hook and
proper connection protocols including the two-second
billing delay are followed. If connection is made, the
modem sends "CONNECTED" to the host and posts
the status in the status area.
Editing/ Changing Command Lines
Corrections to the command line can be performed by
aborting current-command lines and typing a new line
or by entering the correct command later on in the
current-command line.
The last command entered on a single command-line
supersedes any previously entered command that
performs an opposite function.
A Control X or backspace received by the modem
immediately aborts the entire command line.
Internal Modem 3-59
Opposite Commands
The command line is scanned after its completion (after
[CR] is entered). Commands which cause an action
during the scan (for example, DIAL) are not candidates
for opposite treatment. Only commands which
I preset I a static condition can be opposites.
They include:
Count (n)
Format (n)
New (p)
Speed (n)
Transparent n .. n
Modem - Voice
two entries, latest are used
these are opposites only when
on-hook
Note: Answer and originate are not opposites; each
of these causes an action when scanned.
Status Conditions
The modem sends the host messages as defined in the
LONG RESPONSE command for dialing success or
failure. Hardware interrupts for carrier loss and
detecting incoming rings are provided on the 8250A.
Dialing and Loss of Carrier
The dialing process begins with the modem searching
for a dial tone if it is not in the blind dialing mode. If a
dial tone is not detected, the modem hangs up, the
appropriate status characters are posted, and the "NO
DIAL TONE" message is returned to the host.
If a dial tone is found, the modem continues to dial.
When a P is encountered in the dial string, the modem
3-60 Internal Modem
delays for up to 10 seconds to search for another dial
tone and returns the "NO DIAL TONE" message to
the host if a dial tone is not detected. When a W is
encountered in the dial string, the modem delays for
five seconds before continuing to dial. Consecutive
W's are allowed in a dial string.
Anytime a P or W is not followed with an I in a dial
string, the next digits are tone-dialed. When an I
follows a P or W, all following digits are pulse-dialed
until a P, W, or end of command ([CRD is detected.
The modem ignores any character except 0 through 9,
* , #, I, P, or W while dialing. This allows the user to
place parentheses and dashes in the dial string for
greater legibility.
The modem checks the telephone line again after it has
dialed the digits in the dial string. If a dial tone is found
immediately, the dialed digits are not recorded and the
modem posts this to the status characters, hangs up,
and sends the "UNSUCCESSFUL" message to the
host. If the line is busy, this is also posted to the status
characters and the modem hangs up and returns the
"BUSY" message to the host. If the line is ringing, the
modem begins counting the number of rings. If this
count exceeds the value of COUNT + 3, the modem
hangs up and takes the same actions as above. If no
answer tone is detected within 45 seconds after
completion of dialing, the modem hangs up and takes
the same actions as above.
Finally, if the call is answered, the modem either looks
for a carrier and begins the handshake sequence (if it is
in the data or modem state) or remains silent (if it is in
the voice state). In the voice state, the modem looks
for busy, and transmits a response (1) when the line is
Internal Modem 3-61
found not busy, or (2) if it is found busy, in which case
it also hangs up and possibly dials again. In voice state,
ringback count and abort time out are not used.
If, during the process of establishing the data link after
dialing, the modem receives any character from the host
or - DTR goes I inactive I , the modem aborts the call
with a clean disconnect, clears the balance of the
command line, and sends an "OK" message. Also, the
modem does not carry out the instruction sent from the
host, even if the character is a command character.
In the data state, the modem transmits a message after
successful completion of the handshake, or after it has
determined that the handshake failed. An unsuccessful
handshake is evidenced by absence of carrier at the
proper time.
If a carrier drops out for more than two seconds in the
data state, the modem begins a timeout lasting
approximately 17 seconds. At the end of the timeout,
the modem hangs up. Any command received during
the 17 seconds resets the timer.
The modem does not automatically reestablish the
connection if the carrier returns after this dropout
interval. This allows the user or software to intercede
by commanding the modem to go into the voice state,
to hang up immediately, or to take some other action.
The data connection may also be terminated by a
HANGUP command while carriers are still present. A
voice connection is always terminated by a HANGUP
command.
3-62 Internal Modem
Default State
Upon power up or after an INITIALIZE command is
given, the modem returns to the default state as
follows:
A verification of hardware integrity is performed
and the result posted to the status characters.
The remaining status characters cleared.
The modem is placed in the data state awaiting a
dialing request or incoming ring.
The Transparent mode is cleared.
Allioopback modes are cleared.
The wait mode is cleared.
The command character is set to Control-No
The data format is set to 7 data bits, even parity,
and one stop bit.
Ringcount is set to 0 (auto answer I disabled I )
The modem is set to on-hook.
The message mode is set to verbose.
Programming Examples
Call progress reporting is done in two modes, verbose
messages or terse messages as defined in LONG
RESPONSE command to the Serial In (SIN) pin of the
8250A. The power-up default is the verbose messages
mode, and these messages from the modem are in
capital letters. Also, in call progress reporting, the
status area is updated.
The following examples are representative of real-time
call-progress reporting. The italicized entries are user
entries.
Internal Modem 3-63
Example 1:
OK [ccjDiaI555-1234 feR]
NO DIAL TONE
OK
In this example, no dial tone is detected within
the timeout period.
Example 2:
OK
[ccjDiaI555-1234 [eR]
5551234 ....................
RING .................................. CONNECTED OK
In this example, a modem answer tone is detected.
Example 3:
OK
[ccjDiall(301)555-1234 [eR]
13015551234 ..... BUSY
OK
In this example, busy is detected.
3-64 Internal Modem
Example 4:
OK
[cc]DiaI555-1234 fCR]
5551234 ....... .
RING ........................ .
RING ............................ .
RING ................... NO ANSWER
OK
In this example, ring count is exceeded
before ringing stops.
Example 5:
OK
[cc]DiaI555-J234 fCR]
5551234 ........ .
RING ........................................ .
......................... UNSUCCESSFUL
OK
In this example, a failed-call time-out occurred because an
answer tone was not detected within the allotted time.
Internal Modem 3-65
Example 6:
OK
{cclDial 99P555-1234 [CR]
99 .......................................................... .
............... NO DIAL TONE
OK
In this example, the second dial-tone is not detected within the
time out period.
Example 7:
OK
{cclDial 99P421-7229 [CR]
99 ............. BUSY
OK
In this example, busy is detected within the time-out period.
3-66 Internal Modem
Example 8:
OK
[cclDiaI99WW555-1234 [CR]
99 .......................................................... .
4217229 ... .
RING ...................... CONNECTED OK
In this example, the access code is dialed and two dead waits are
performed. Then, the second number is dialed and a modem
answers.
Example 9:
OK
[cclDiaI555-1234, Retry [CR]
5551234 .................... BUSY
5551234 ................. BUSY
5551234 .............. CONNECTED OK
In this example, the modem dials a number with auto redial.
The first two times, the number is busy.
The third time, a modem answers.
Internal Modem 3-67
Modes of Operation
The different modes of operation are selected by
programming the 8250A Asynchronous
Communication Element. This is done by selecting the
I/O address (hex 3F8 to 3FF) and writing data out to
the card.
The 8250A is externally programmed to provide
asynchronous, ASCII, 10 bit character length including
start, stop, and parity on the serial-output pin (SOUT,
pin 11). The data rate is 110 or 300 bits-per-second.
The commands can be either upper-case or lower-case
characters. See the command, Format [0], earlier in this
section for additional information.
For further information refer to "Bibliography."
3-68 Internal Modem
Hex Input/
Mode
Address Register Selected Output 1 2 Notes
3F8 Transmit Buffer Write XX XX *
3F8 Receive Buffer Read XX XX *
3F8 Divisor Latch LSB Write 75 F9 **
3F9 Divisor Latch MSB Write 01 03 **
3F9 Interrupt Enable Write OF OF *
3FA Interrupt Read XX XX
Identification
3FB Line Control Write lA 03
3FC Modem Control Write 01 01
3FD Line Status Read XX XX
3FE Modem Status Read XX XX
3FF Scratch Pad Write XX XX
*DLAB = 0 (Bit 7 in line control Register).
**DLAB = 1 (Bit 7 in line control Register).
Mode 1 - 300 BPS - 7 Data Bits, 1 Stop Bit, Even Parity.
Mode 2 - llO BPS - 8 Data Bits, 1 Stop Bit, No Parity.
8250A Register Description
Internal Modem 3-69
Interrupts
One interrupt line is provided to the system. This
interrupt is IRQ4 and is I positive active. I The interrupt
enable register must be properly programmed to allow
interrupts.
Data Format
The data format is as follows:
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Transmit I Start
I I
Parity Stop
Oata Bit Bit Bit
~
Markmg
Transmitter Output and Receiver Input Data Format
Data bit 0 is the first bit to be transmitted or received.
The attachment automatically inserts the start bit, the
correct parity-bit if programmed to do so, and the stop
bit.
Interfaces
8250A to Modem Interface
The following describes the 8250A to 103 modem
interface:
Signal Description
3-70 Internal Modem
INS8250A -OUT 1
-OUT 2
SOUT
-RTS
-DTR
SIN
-RI
-CTS
The 'inactive' state enables
entry into the transparent
mode using the UNLISTEN
command. The 'active' state
, disables' the transparent
mode.
No connection.
Serial output from the 8250A.
-Request To Send
No connection.
-Data Terminal Ready
1. To accept a command,
-DTR must be 'active.'
2. If -DTR goes 'inactive',
the modem does a clean
disconnect sequence.
3. In auto-answer mode, the
modem does not go
off -hook, but RI on the
8250A will be toggled if
the ringing signal is
present.
Serial input to the 8250A.
The ring indicator pulses with
an incoming ring voltage.
-Clear To Send
Internal Modem 3-71
-DSR
-RLSD
-RESET,+XRESET
AO,Al,A2,A9
-MODEMCS
DISKETTE CS
3-72 Internal Modem
This line is wired 'active' on
the modem adapter.
-Data Set Ready
This line is wired 'active' on
the modem adapter.
-Received Line Signal Detect
When 'low,', this line
indicates the data carrier has
been detected. If the carrier
drops out for longer than two
seconds,. this line goes
, inactive' and starts the
timeout timer.
These lines are used to reset
or initialize the modem logic
upon power-up. These lines
are synchronized to the falling
edge of the clock. Its
duration upon power up is
26.5 ms -RESET is 'active
low'. + XRESET is 'active
high.'
Address bits 0 to 3 and bit 9.
These bits are used with
-MODEM CS to select a
register on the modem card.
This line is 'active' for
addresses hex OFO thru OFF
and 3F8 thru 3FF. It is gated
with A9 in the 8250A to
exclusively decode hex 3F8
thru 3FF.
DOthruD7
...;IOR
-lOW
BAUDCLK
+MODEMINTR
-CARD INSTALL
Data bits 0 thru 7:
These eight. lines form a bus
through which all data is
transferred. Bit 0 is the least
significant bit (LSB).
The content of the register
addresses by line AO thru A2
is gated onto lines DO thru D7
when this line is I active I ,
-MODEM CS is I active I, and
A9 is I high. I
The content of lines DO thru
S7 is stored in the register
addressed by AO thru A2 at
the leading edge of this signal
when -MODEM CS is
I active I , and A9 is I high. I
This is a 1.7895 MHz clock
signal used to drive the Baud
Rate Generator.
This line is connected to the
+ IQRP4 on the 8259A
Interrupt Controller.
This line indicates to the
system BIOS that an mM
PCjr Internal Modem is
installed in the feature
location.
Internal Modem 3-73
Telephone Company Interface
The telephone company interface is a 600 Ohm,
balanced, two-wire telephone-interface design that
meets the FCC Part 68 rules. A 2.13 meter (7 foot)
modular telephone cord is included with the modem
adapter.
Line-status detection of dial tone, ringback tone, busy,
and incoming ring is provided along with automated
routines which react to detected conditions.
The modem card has one USOC RJll jack.
System I/O Channel
The following shows pin assignments for the system
board modem connector. Pins Al to Al5 are on the
component side.
3-74 Internal Modem
o
L...---------II 1---1 ------'
D D 11110011000011
~ A 5 A1
Grounding Pin
Connector
System Board Opposite Side
Connector
B15
Internal Modem Connectors
UNUSED 1
UNUSED 2
Telephone RING 3 Modem
Cable
TIP 4
UNUSED 5
UNUSED 6
Internal Modem 3-75
Signal Name Internal Modem Signal Name
+5 Vdc B01 A01 D7
-MODEM CS/DISKETTE CS D6
AS D5
-RESET GND
GND B05 A05 D4
A2 D3
A1 D2
AO GND
GND D1
-lOR B10 A10 DO
-lOW MODEM INTERRUPT
GND GND
-CARD INSTALL BAUDCLK
+XRESET +5Vdc
+5 Vdc B15 A15 +12 Vdc
All levels are LSTLL compatible.
3-76 Internal Modem
IBM PCjr Attachable Joystick
The Attachable Joystick is an input device intended to
provide the user with two-dimensional
positioning-control. Two pushbutton switches on the
joystick give the user additional input capability.
Hardware Description
Two modes of operation of the joystick are available.
In the "Spring Return" mode the control stick returns
to the center position when released. The "Free
Floating" mode allows smooth, force free operation
with the control stick remaining in position when
released. Selection of these modes can be made for
each axis independently. Two controls are provided for
individual adjustment to the electrical center of each
axis.
Positional information is derived from two
potentiometers Rx and Ry. The resistance of these
potentiometers will vary from 0 to lOOK ohms
nominally as the position of the control stick moves
from left to right (X-axis) and from top to bottom
(Y-axis). A linear taper is used on the potentiometers
so that a linear relationship exists between angular
displacement of the stick and the resulting resistance.
Electrical centering for each axis is accomplished with
the controls by mechanically rotating the body of the
potentiometer. Adjustment in this manner has the
effect of varying the minimum and maximum resistance
relative to the extremes of the angular displacement.
The two pushbuttons provided on the joystick are
single-pole, single-throw, normally-open pushbuttons.
Attachable Joystick 3-77
The following are the logic diagram and specifications
for the two Attachable Joystick connectors.
A4 - +5 V (}-------... -------------,

x - Position
Potentiometer

Switch 1
B3 - S2
Switch 2

Attachable Joystick Logic Diagram
3-78 Attachable Joystick
v - Position
Potentiometer
Attachable Joystick Connector
Keyplug A01
LOGICGND A02
--V-AXIS RESISTANCE A03
+5V
A04 System
Joystick
I--- SHIELD GND 801
Board
--X-AXIS RESISTANCE B02
--SWITCH
B03
--SWITCH
B04
Attachable Joystick 3-79
Notes:
3-80 Attachable Joystick
IBM Color Display
The IBM Color Display is a Red/Green/Blue/Intensity
(RGBI)-Direct-Drive display, that is independently
housed and powered.
Hardware Description
The IBM Color Display's signal cable is approximately
1.5 meters (5 feet) in length. This signal cable must be
attached to the IBM PCjr with the IBM PCjr Adapter
Cable for the IBM Color Display which provides a
direct-drive connection from the IBM PCjr
A second cable provides ac power to the display from a
standard wall outlet. The display has its own power
control and indicator. The display will accept either
120-volt 60-Hz power or 220-volt 50-Hz power. The
power supply in the display automatically switches to
match the applied power.
The display has a 340 mm (13 in.) CRT. The CRT and
analog circuits are packaged in an enclosure so the
display may be placed separately from the system unit.
Front panel controls and indicators include: Power-On
control, Power-On indicator, Brightness and Contrast
controls. Two additional rear-panel controls are the
Vertical Hold and Vertical-Size controls.
Color Display 3-81
Operating Characteristics
Screen
High contrast (black) screen.
Displays up to 16 colors.
Characters defined in an 8-high by 8-wide matrix.
Video Signal
Maximum video bandwidth of 14 MHz.
Red, green, and blue video-signals, vertical sync,
horizontial sync, and intensity are all independent.
All input signals are TTL compatible.
Vertical Drive
Screen refreshed at 60 Hz with 200 vertical lines of
resolution.
Horizontal Drive
The horizontal drive frequency is 15.75 kHz.
3-82 Color Display
o
Color Direct-
Drive 9-Pin
D-Shell
Connector
Color-Display Connector
IBM Color
Display
Signal Name Pin
Ground--------- 1
-------2
-----------------3
Green---------- 4
Blue 5
Intensity 6
Not Used 7
Horizontal Drive 8
Vertical Drive 9
9-Pin
Connector
Color Display 3-83
Notes:
3-84 Color Display
The Connector for Television is a sealed Radio
Frequency (RF) Modulator that imposes the composite
video and audio signals onto the RF carrier-wave
supplied by the modulator. The connector unit has two
two-position switches. One switch selects between the
computer's signal or the standard-TV signal from an
antenna as the input to the TV. The other switch
selects either channel3's or channel4's carrier-wave
frequency for input to the TV. This allows users to
select the weaker TV channel for their area reducing
the amount of interference with the computer's input
signal. Signal input from the computer is provided by a
five-conductor cable with a six-pin mM PCjr-dedicated
connector. Two spade-lug terminals provide for
TV -antenna-cable connection. One twin-lead flat-type
TV-cable provides input to the TV.
The following is the connector specifications for the
mM Connector for Television.
Connector for Television 3-85
1[lfll}111II OJA

....... ,
Connector for TV Connector
SYstem Unit
Connector
+12 VOlts
A1
81
logic GND
No Pin
A2
82
AUdio
Video
A3
83
Shield GND
3-86 Connector for Television
IBM PCjr Keyboard Cord
The IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard can be attached to
the PCjr using the optional Keyboard Cord. The
Keyboard Cord is a 1.8 meter (6 foot), two twisted-pair
cable, with a six-position RJll-type connector for the
keyboard and a six-position Berg-type connector for
the system unit.
The Keyboard Cord option should be used in an
environment that is unfavorable for use of the infra-red
link. For instance, brightly lit high-intensity light areas,
or multiple IBM PCjr areas where keyboards can
conflict with one another.
Insertion of the cord's keyboard connector into the
keyboard actuates switches internal to the keyboard.
The switches I deactivate I the IR transmitter by
removing the power supplied by the keyboard's
batteries. The system unit's infra-red (lR) receiver
circuit is I disabled I by the -CABLE CONNECT
signal, supplied when the system-unit end of the cord is
connected.
The following figures show the connector specifications
for the Keyboard Cord.
Keyboard Cord 3-87
Keyboard Cord Connectors
Signal Name
Pin Number
A01 Keyplug
2 -CBL KEYBD DATA
A02
5 +5 V
A03 System
Keyboard
B01
Board
-CABLE CONNECT --B02
3 LOGIC GND
B03
3-88 Keyboard Cord
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for Serial
Devices
The Adapter Cable for Serial Dewces is a 72 nun
(3-inch) long, nine-cond:uctor cable terminated with a
16-position Berg-type connector and a 25-pin
"D"-shell connector. This cable allows serial devices
that terminate with a standard EIA-RS232C 25-pin
"D"-shell connector to be connected to the mM PCjr.
for the Adapter Cable for Serial Devices.
Adapter Cable for Serial Devices
Serial Devices Cable 3-89
System 25-Pin D-Shell
Connector Cable Connector
A1 Not Used
A2 DATA TERMINAL READY 20
A3 REQUEST TO SEND 4
A4 TRANSMIT DATA 2
A5 CARRIER DETECT 8
A6 DATA SET READY 6
A7 CLEAR TO SEND 5
A8 RECEIVE DATA 3
B1 SHIELD GND
B2 SIGNALGND 7
B3 - B8 Not Used
3-90 Serial Devices Cable
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for Cassette
This option is an adapter cable that allows connection
of a cassette recorder to the mM PCjT cassette
connector.
The cassette recorder to be connected must use the
following type connectors:
Belden Style-51 miniture phone-plug (Auxiliary)
Belden Style-51 miniture phone-plug (Earphone)
Belden Style-56 subminiture phone-plug (Remote)
for the Adapter Cable for Cassette.
1111111111111 II I II 1111 Ijl III "" I" ,(00)'
Q) ',', '
,"

Adapter Cable for Cassette Connectors
Cassette Adapter Cable 3-91
GND
EARPHONE
MIC
REMOTE
A1
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
Connector Specifications (System End)
(Part 1 of 2)
Cassette Connector
Signal
Aux. (Red)
Gnd
Signal
Ear (Black)
Gnd
Signal
Remote (Gray)
Gnd
Keyplug
AUX.
REMOTE GND
SHIELD
System
Connector Pin
B2
A1
A2
A1
A4
B3
Connector Specifications (Recorder End)
(Part 2 of 2)
3-92 Cassette Adapter Cable
IBM PCjr Adapter Cable for the IBM
Color Display
This adapter cable allows the IBM Color Display to be
connected to the IBM PCjr.
for the adapter cable for the IBM Color Display.
111111111[1[1[[1]11111 I j ~ , [ ] ~ ,
~ ':',",
Color Direct-
Drive 9-Pin
D-Shell
Connector
":' ~
Adapter Cable for IBM Color Display Connectors
Color Display Connector 3-93
System
Connector
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
Cable
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Red
Green
Blue
Intensity
Not Used
Not Used
Vertical
Not Used
Horizontal
Not Used
Ground
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Ground
3-94 Color Display Connector
9-Pin Color
Display Connector
5
3
6
4
9
8
2
1
IBM PCjr Parallel Printer Attachment
The Parallel Printer Attachment is provided to attach
various II 0 devices that accept eight bits of parallel
data at standard TTL-logic levels. The card measures
76mm (3 inches) high by 244mm (9.6 inches) long.
The P-arallel Printer Attachment attaches as a feature to
the right-hand side of the system unit. It connects to
the 60-pin Input/Output (I/O) connector where power
and system-input signals are received. A parallel
printer attaches to the Parallel Printer Attachment
through a 25-pin female "D" -shell connector located
on the rear edge of the attachment, where a cable and
shield can be attached. The logic design is compatible
with the mM Personal Computer printer adapter.
The attachment card has 12 TTL buffer-output points
which are latched and can be I written I and I read I
under program control using the processor I IN I or
'Out I instructions. The attachment card also has five
steady-state input-points that may be I read I using the
processors' I IN I instructions.
In addition, one input can also be used to create a
processor interrupt. This interrupt can be I enabled I
and I disabled I under program control. I Reset I from
the power-on circuit is also ORed with a
program-output point allowing a device to receive a
power-on I reset I when the processor is I reset. I
When the Parallel Printer Attachment is used to attach
a printer, data or printer commands are loaded into an
8-bit latched output-port, then the strobe line is
I activated I to I write I data to the printer. The
program can then I read I the input ports for printer
Parallel Printer Attachment 3-95
status indicating when the next character can be written
or it may use the interrupt line to indicate not busy to
the software.
The output ports can also be I read I at the card's
interface for diagnostic-loop functions. This allows
fault-isolation determination between the printer.
attachment and the attached printer.
Description
During a system II 0 I read I or I write I , with the proper
address selection, data may be I written I to or I read I
from the Parallel Printer Attachment. The data and
Control Registers must be manipulated by the system
software to be consistent with the attaching hardware.
The following is a block diagram of the Parallel Printer
Attachment card.
3-96 Parallel Printer Attachment
Bus Buffer
8
Enable
8 8
---1 Trans- ~ - - - - .. ~
ceiver
ADRS
READ
DATA
WRITE DATA
XIOI-M
WRITE CONTROL
READ STATUS
Command
Decoder
3
Data Latch
CLK
Control
Latch
CLK
CLR
8
Drivers
25-Pin
Connector
SLCTIN
STROBE
AUTO
FDXT
INIT
ERROR
SLCT
PE
ACK
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ BUSY
Reset ___________________ -I
Parallel Printer Interface Block Diagram
System Interface
The Parallel Printer Attachment reserves addresses hex
378, through hex 37F. IO/-M must also be 'active
high' when addressing the Parallel Printer Attachment.
A card selected signal (-CARD SLCTD) is provided to
the system I/O when the above addresses are used, and
the 10/ -M bit is 'active high. '
Specific commands are decoded from AO, At, RD, and
WR per the following table. Input A2 is not used.
Addresses (hex) Operation Comments
378 'Read' Read Data Latch
379 'Read' Read Status
37A 'Read' Read Control
Latch
37B 'Read' Unused
37B 'Write' Write Data Latch
379 'Write' Unused
37A 'Write' Write Control
Latch
37B 'Write' Unused
All data transfers take place over the 8-bit I/O
data-bus with timing provided by the 8088
microprocessor. (lOR, lOW, 10/-M)
An interrupt is provided to the system through the I/O
connector of the Parallel Printer Attachment. This
interrupt is 'positive active' , Interrupt Level 7
( + IRQ7). Bit 4 of the control latch must be 'written
high' to allow interrupts. When the -ACKnowledge
signal ( 'low active' signal goes ' high ') the I/O device
causes a level 7 interrupt. See the following figure.
-ACK-----
3-State
Buffer
C G
Control .0' - EJ-I
+IQR7 / -ACK Logic Diagram
+IRQ7
The Parallel Printer Attachment can serve as a general
purpose peripherial driver. This section describes a
configuration which supports attachment to the mM
Graphics Printer.
Command Definition
For the parallel-printer application, the following bit
definitions apply.
Data Latch - Address hex 378
A 'write' to this address causes data to be latched onto
the printer data bits. A 'read' from this address
presents the contents of the data latch to the processor.
MSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o
Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
7 6 543 2 1 0
Data Latch Format
lSB
Printer Status - Address hex 379, hex 7D, Input Only
This port provides real-time feedback and status to the
system from the printer.
3-100 ParaDel Printer Attachment
Signal
Bit Name Description
MSB7 -BUSY When this signal is at a low level,
the printer is busy and cannot
accept data. It can become low
during data entry, off-line printing,
head translation, or error state.
6 -ACK When port B is read, this bit will
represent the current state of the
printer ACK signal. A low level
means that a character has been
received and the printer is ready to
accept another. Normally, this
signal will be low for approximately
5 microseconds before BUSY goes
away.
5 -PE A low level indicates that the printer
has detected an end of form.
4 +SLCT A high level indicates that the
printer is selected.
3 -ERROR A low level indicates that the printer
has encounted an error condition.
2 Unused.
Through
OLSB
Printer Status
Printer Control - Address hex 37 A
This port contains printer control signals. A I write I
latches control bits to the printer; a I read I presents the
contents of the latches to the processor. See the
following timing diagram:
Busv-----------------,I
I
-ACKNLG ----, ;..' ----=---------------
!'------Ill
::rOXimateI
Y
" II: 4 t I

- STROBE ---:-----.1 I
Parallel Interface Timing Diagram
The following figure describes the printer control
signals.
Signal
Bit Name Description
MSB7 Unused.
Through
5
4 +INTERRUPT A high level in this bit position
ENABLE will allow an interrupt to
occur when -ACK goes high.
3 SLCTIN A low level in this bit position
selects the printer.
2 INIT A low level will initialize the
printer (50 microseconds
minimum).
I AUTO FDXT A low level will cause the
printer to line feed anytime a
line is printed.
LSB 0 STROBE A 5 microsecond (minimum)
low active pulse clocks data
into the printer. Valid data
must be present for 5
microseconds (minimum)
before and after the STROBE
pulse.
Printer Control Signal
The following are the connector specifications for the
IBM PCjr Parallel Printer Attachment.

I"'

i
o ~ o
",,,,,"'/1""111'" ' l ' ~ !!e[1]Q/
OJ
Pin
I
2
Through
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Through
25
A30
A1
............................
............................
630 1/0 Expansion Connector 61
.,..., L ~ ' ' - - 1 4
Parallel Printer Attachment Connectors
25-Pin "D"-Shell Connector
Signal
IOL Max IOH Max
-STROBE 14 rna -.6 rna
DATA BIT 0 24 rna -2.6 rna
Through
DATA BIT 7
-ACK 74LS Input 74LS Input
BUSY 74LS Input 74LS Input
PE 74LS Input 74LS Input
SLCT 74LS Input 74LS Input
-AUTO 14 rna .6 rna
FDXT
-ERROR 74LS Input 74LS Input
-INIT 14 rna .6 rna
PRINTER
-SELECT 14 rna .6 rna
INPUT
GND NjA NjA
Source
Attachment
Card
Attachment
Card
Printer
Printer
Printer
Printer
Attachment
Card
Printer
Printer
Attachment
Card
Parallel Printer
Attachment to I/O
Signal Name Expansion Connector
Signal Name
01 B1 A1 DO
02
+12 Vdc
04
03
GND
05
07 B5 A5 06
AO
+5 Vdc
A2
A1
GND
A3
A5
A4
A6 B10 A10 GND
A8
A7
-DACKO
A9
A11
A10
A12
DRQO
GND B15 A15 A13
A15
A14
GND
A16
A17
GND
A19
A18
GND B20 A20 -lOR
-MEMR
-lOW
-MEMW
GND
ALE
HDLA
GND
CLK
10/-M B25 A25 RESET
READY
+5 Vdc
-CARD SLCTD
-HRQ
GND
IRQ1
IRQ7
IRQ2
AUDIO IN B30 A30 Reserved
Notes:
IBM Graphics Printer
The mM Graphics Printer is a self-powered,
stand-alone, tabletop unit which attaches to the system
unit through a 6-foot parallel-signal cable, and obtains
120 Vac power from a standard wall outlet through a
seperate cable. It is an 80 CPS (characters per second),
bidirectional, wire-matrix device that can print in a
compressed mode of 132 characters per line, in a
standard mode of 80 characters per line, in a double
width-compressed mode of 66 characters per line, and
in a double width mode of 40 characters per line. It can
also print double-size and double-strike characters. It
prints the standard ASCII, 96-character, uppercase and
lowercase character sets and also has a set of 64 special
block characters. It has an extended character set for
international languages, subscript, superscript, an
underline mode, and programmable graphics. The
Graphics printer accepts commands that set the
line-feed control desired for the application.
It attaches to the system unit through the mM PCjr
Parallel Printer Attachment. The cable is a
25-conducter, shielded cable with a 25-pin "D"-shell
connector at the system unit end, and a 36-pin
connector at the printer end.
Printer Specifications
Print Method: Serial-impact dot matrix
Print Speed: 80 CPS
Print Direction: Bidirectional with logic seeking
Number of Pins in Head: 9
Printers 3-107
Line Spacing: 1/16 inch (4.23 mm) or programmable
Matrix Characteristics: 9 by 9
Character Set: Full 96-character ASCII with
descenders plus 9 international characters/symbols
Graphic Characters: See" Additional Printer
Specifications"
Printing Sizes:
Normal 10 characters-per-inch with a
maximum of 80 characters-per-line
Double Width 5 characters-per-inch with a
maximum of 40 characters per line
Compressed 16.5 characters-per-inch with a
Double Width-Compressed
8.25 characters-per-inch with a
Subscript 10 characters-per-inch with a
Superscript 10 characters-per-inch with a
Media Handling: Adjustable sprocket-pin-feed with
4-inch (101.6 mm) to lO-inch (254 mm) width paper,
one original plus two carbon copies (total thickness not
to exceed 0.012 inch (0.3 mm)), minimum paper
thickness of 0.0025 inch (0.064 mm)
Interface: Parallel 8-bit data and control lines
Inked Ribbon: Black, cartridge type with a life
expectancy of 3 million characters
3-108 Printers
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature is
5 to 35 degrees centigrade (41 to 95 degrees
Fahrenheit), operating humidity is 10 to 80%
non-condensing
Power Requirements: 120 Vac, 60 Hz, 1 A maximum
with a power consumption of 100 V A maximum
Physical Characteristics:
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
107 mm (4.2 inches)
374 mm (14.7 inches
305 mm (12 inches)
5.5 kg (12 pounds)
Additional Printer Specifications
Printing Characteristics
Extra Character Set
Set 1 Additional ASCII numbers 160
to 175 contain European
characters. Numbers 176 to
223 contain graphic characters.
Numbers 224 to 239 contain
selected Greek-characters.
Numbers 240 to 255 contain
math and extra symbols.
Set 2 The differences in Set 2 are
ASCII numbers 3,4,5,6, and 21.
ASCII numbers 128 to 175
contain European characters.
Graphics There are 20 block characters and
programmable graphics.
Printers 3-109
DIP Switch Settings
There are two Dual-Inline-Package (DIP) switches on
the control circuit-board. In order to satisfy the user's
specific requirements, desired control modes are
selected by the DIP switches. The functions of these
switches and their preset conditions at the time of
shipment are shown in the following figures.
DIP Switch 2 DIP Switch 1
Location of DIP Switches
3-110 Printers
DOD
o
DaOO
o
o
D
Switch Factory
Number Function On Off Position
1-1 Not Applicable
- -
On
1-2 CR Print Print and On
Only Line Feed
1-3 Buffer Full Print Print and Off
Only Line Feed
1-4 Cancel Code Invalid Valid Off
1-5 Not Applicable
- -
On
1-6 Error Buzzer Sound No Sound On
e

1-7 Character Set 2 Set 1 Off

Generator

1-8 SLCT IN Signal Fixed Not Fixed On

Internally Internally
Functions and Conditions of DIP Switch 1
Switch Factory
Number Function On Off Position
2-1 Form Length 12 Inches
11 Inches Off
2-2 Line Spacing 1/8 Inch 1/6 Inch Off
2-3 Auto Feed XT Fixed Not Fixed Off
Signal Internally Internally
2-4 1 Inch Skip Over Valid Invalid Off
Perforation
Functions and Conditions of DIP Switch 2
Printers 3-111
Parallel Interface Description
Specifications
Data Transfer Rate
Synchronization
Signal Exchange
Logic level
Connector
1000 cycles-per-second
(cps)-(maximum)
By externally-supplied
STROBE pulses
-ACKNLG or BUSY signals
Input data and all
interface-control signals are
compatible with the
Transistor-Transistor Logic
(TTL) level.
Plug 57-30360 (Amphenol)
Connector-pin assignments and descriptions of
respective interface-signals are provided in the
following figures.
Data Transfer Sequence
The following figure shows the Parallel Interface
Timing.
3-112 Printers

,- ACKNlG -----, ;.-' --....:--------------
'--___ ..... 1 i IM;";mumj
Approximately :. i .
5jJ.s
I i I
DATA _______ --J I
I
- STROBE I I
Parallel Interface Timing Diagram
Interface Signals
-Strobe
Data 1-8
-ACKNLG
BUSY
STROBE pulse to read data in. Pulse
width must be more than 0.5 ILS at the
receiving terminal. The signal is
normally 'high'; however read-in of
data is performed at the 'Low' level
of this signal.
These signals are the first to eight bits
of parallel data. Each signal is at a
, high' level when data is a logical 1
and 'low' when data is a logical O.
Approximately 0.5 J.LS pulse (low)
indicates that data has been received
and the printer is ready to accept data.
A 'high I signal indicates that the
printer cannot receive data. The
signal is I high I in the following cases:
During data entry
Printers 3-113
During printing operation
In the "off -line" state
During printer-error status
PE A 'high' signal indicates that the
printer is out of paper.
SLCT This signal indicates that the printer is
in the selected state.
Auto Feed XT When this signal is 'low' paper is fed
one line after printing. This signal
level can be fixed 'low' by DIP
switch pin 2-3.
INT When this signal is 'low' the printer
controller is reset to its initial state
and the print buffer is cleared. This
signal is normally 'high' and its pulse
width must be more than 50 p.s at the
receiving terminal.
Error This signal is 'low' when the printer
is in the "Paper End," "Off Line,"
and "Error" state.
-SLCTIN Data entry to the printer is possible
only when this signal is 'low'. This
signal can be fixed 'low' by DIP
switch 1-8.
Notes:
1. All interface conditions are based on TTL level.
Both the rise and fall times of each signal must be
less than 0.2 p.s.
2. Data transfer must not be carried out by ignoring
the -ACKNLG or BUSY signal. Data transfer can
only occur after confirming the -ACKNLG signal or
when the BUSY signal is 'low'.
The following figure shows the pin assignment and
direction of each signal.
3-114 Printers
Signal Return
Signal Pin # Pin # Direction
-STROBE 1 19 In
DATA 1 2 20 In
DATA 2 3 21 In
DATA 3 4 22 In
DATA 4 5 23 In
DATA 5 6 24 In
DATA 6 7 25 In
DATA 7 8 26 In
DATA 8 9 27 In
-ACKNLG 10 28 Out
BUSY 11 29 Out
PE 12 30 Out
SLCT 13

Out
AUTO FEED XT 14

In
NC 15

OV 16

CHASSIS GND 17

NC 18

GND 19-30

INT 31

In
ERROR 32

Out
GND 33

NC 34

35

-SLCT IN 36

In
Pin Assignments
Printer Modes
The IBM Graphics Printer can use any of the
combinations listed in the following table and the print
mode can be changed at any place within the line.
Modes can be selected and combined if they are in the
same vertical column.
Printers 3-115

=

Printer Modes
Normal X X X
Compressed X X X
Emphasized X X X
Double Strike X X X
Subscript X X X
Superscript X X X
Double Width X X X X X X X X X
Underline X X X X X X X X X
Printer Modes
Printer Control Codes
On the following pages are complete codes for printer
characters, controls, and graphics. You may want to
keep them handy for future reference. The printer
codes are listed in ASCII-decimal numeric-order (from
NUL which is 0 to DEL, which is 127). The examples
given in the Printer-Function descriptions are written in
the BASIC language. The "input" description is given
when more information is needed for programming
considerations.
ASCII decimal values for the printer control codes can
be found under "Printer Character Sets."
The Descriptions that follow assume that the printer
DIP switches have not been changed from their factory
settings.
Printer code
NUL
3-116 Printers
Printer Function
Null:
U sed with ESC B and ESC D as a list
terminator. NUL is also used with
other printer.
BEL
HT
LF
FF
CR
control codes to select options (for example, ESC S).
Example:
LPRINT CHR$ (0);
Bell:
Sounds the printer buzzer for 1 second.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(7);
Horizontal Tab:
Tabs to the next horizontal tab stop. Tab
stops are set with ESC D. Tab stops are set
every 8 columns when the printer is powered
on.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(9);
Line Feed:
Spaces the paper up one line. Line spacing
is 1/16-inch unless reset by ESC A, ESC 0,
ESC 1, ESC 2, or ESC 3.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(10);
Form Feed:
Advances the paper to the top of the next page.
Note: The location of the paper, when the
printer is powered on, determines the top of
the page. The next top of page is 11 inches
from that position. ESC C can be used to
change the page length.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(12);
Carriage Return:
Ends the line that the printer is on and
prints the data remaining in the printer
buffer. (No Line Feed operation takes
place.)
Printers 3-117
so
SI
DC2
DC4
CAN
ESC
ESC-
3-118 Printers
Note: mM Personal Computer BASIC adds a Line
Feed unless 128 is added [for example
CHR$(141)].
Example:
LPRINT CHR$( 13);
Shift Out (Double Width):
Changes the printer to the Double-Width print-mode.
Note: A Carriage Return, Line Feed or DC4
cancels Double-Width print-mode.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(14);
Shift In (Compressed):
Changes the printer to the Compressed-Character
print-mode. Example:
LPRINT CHR$(15);
Device Control 1 (Compressed Off):
Stops printing in the Compressed print-mode.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(18);
Device Control 4 (Double Width
Off):
Stops printing in the Double-Width print-mode.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(20);
Cancel:
Clears the printer buffer. Control codes,
except SO, remain in effect.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(24);
Escape:
Lets the printer know that the next data sent
is a printer command.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(27);
Escape Minus (Underline)
ESC 0
ESC 1
ESC 2
ESC 3
ESC 6
ESC 7
Format: ESC -;n;
ESC - followed by a 1, prints all of the following
data with an underline.
ESC - followed by a 0 (zero), cancels the Underline
print-mode.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(45);CHR$(1);
Escape Zero (l/8-Inch Line Feeding)
Changes paper feeding to 1/8-inch.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(48);
Escape One (7/72-Inch Line
Feeding)
Changes paper feeding to 7/72-inch.
Example:
Escape Two (Starts Variable
Line-Feeding)
ESC 2 is an execution command for ESC A. If
no ESC A command has been given, line feeding
returns to 1/ 6-inch.
Example:
Escape Three (Variable
Line-Feeding)
Format: ESC 3;n;
Changes the paper feeding to n/216-inch. The
example that follows sets the paper feeding
to 54/216 (l/4)-inch. The value of n must be
between 1 and 255.
Example:
Escape Six (Select Character Set 2)
Selects Character Set 2. (See "Printer
Character set 2")
Example:
Escape Seven (Select Character Set 1)
Printers 3-119
ESC 8
ESC 9
ESC <
ESC A
3-120 Printers
Selects character set 1. (See "Printer
Character Set 1")
Character set 1 is selected when the printer
is powered on or reset.
Example:
Escape Eight (Ignore Paper End)
Allows the printer to print to the end of the
paper. The printer ignores the Paper End
switch.
Example:
Escape Nine (Cancel Ignore Paper
End)
Cancels the Ignore Paper End command. ESC 9
is selected when the printer is powered on or
reset.
Example:
Escape Less Than (Home Head)
The printer head returns to the left
margin to print the line following ESC <.
This occurs for one line only.
Example:
Escape A (Sets Variable Line
Feeding)
Format: ESC A;n;
Escape A sets the line-feed to n/72-inch.
The example that follows tells the printer to
set line feeding to 24/72-inch. ESC 2 must
be sent to the printer before the line
feeding changes. For example, ESC A;24
(text) ESC 2 (text). The text following ESC
A;24 spaces at the previously set
line-feed increments. The text following ESC
2 prints with new line-feed
increments of 24/72-inch. Any increment
between 1/72 and 85/72-inch may be used.
ESCC
ESCD
Example:
LPRINT
CHR$(27);CHR$(65);CHR$(24);
CHR$(27);CHR$(50);
Escape C (Set Lines-per-Page)
Format: ESC C;n;
Sets the page length. The ESC C command must
have a value following it to specify the
length of page desired. (Maximum form length
for the printer is 127 lines.) The example
below sets the page length to 55 lines. The
printer defaults to 66 lines-per-page when
powered on or reset.
Example:
Escape C (Set Inches-per-Page)
Format: ESC C;n;m;
Escape C sets the length of the page in
inches. This command requires a value of 0
(zero) for n, and a value between 1 and 22
form.
Example:
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(67);CHR$(0);CHR$(12);
Escape D (Sets Horizontal Tab Stops)
Format: ESC D;nl ;n2; ... nk;NUL;
Sets the horizontal-tab stop-positions. The
example that follows shows the horizontal-tab
stop-positions set at printer column
positions of 10, 20, and 40. They are
followed by CHR$(O), the NUL code. They must
also be in ascending numeric order as shown.
Tab stops can be set between 1 and 80. When
in the Compressed-print mode, tab stops can
be set up to 132.
The Graphics Printer can have a maximum of 28
tab stops. The HT (CHR$(9 is used to
execute a tab operation.
Example:
Printers 3-121
ESCE
ESCF
ESCG
ESCH
ESCJ
ESCK
3-122 Printers
LPRINT
CHR$(27);CHR$( 68) ;CHR$( 1 0)
;CHR$(20);CHR$( 40);
CHR$(O);
Escape E (Emphasized)
Changes the printer to the Emphasized-print
mode. The speed of the printer is reduced to
half speed during the Emphasized-print mode.
Example:
Escape F (Emphasized Off)
Stops printing in the Emphasized-print mode.
Example:
Escape G (Double Strike)
Changes the printer to the Double-Strike
print-mode. The paper is spaced 1/216 of an
inch before the second pass of the print
head.
Example:
LPRlNT CHR$(27);CHR$(71);
Escape H (Double Strike Off)
Stops printing in the Double-Strike mode.
Example:
Escape J (Sets Variable Line Feeding)
Format: ESC J;n;
When ESC J is sent to the printer, the paper
feeds in increments of n/216 of an inch.
The value of n must be between 1 and 255.
The example that follows gives a line feed of
50/216-inch. ESC J is canceled after the
line feed takes place.
Example:
Escape K (480 Bit-Image Graphics
Mode)
Format ESC K;nl ;n2;vl ;v2; ... vk;
Changes from the Text mode to the Bit-Image
Graphics mode. nl and n2 are one byte, which
specify the number of bit-image data bytes to
be transferred. vI through vk are the bytes
of the bit-image data. The number of
bit-image data bytes (k) is equal to nl
+ 256n2 and cannot exceed 480 bytes. At every
horizontal position, each byte can print up
to 8 vertical dots. Bit-image data may be
mixed with text data on the same line.
Note: Assign values to nl and n2 as follows:
nl represents values from 0 - 255.
n2 represents values from 0 - I x 256.
MSB is most-significant bit and LSB is least
-significant bit.
The following figures show the format.
Data sent to the printer.
Text (20 characters) ESC K n=360 Bit-image data Next data
Printers 3-123
In text mode, 20 characters in text
mode correspond to 120 bit-image
positions (20 x 6 = 120). The
printable portion left in Bit-Image
mode is 360 dot positions (480 - 120
= 360).
Data sent to the printer.
Data A ESC K I n
1
I n
2
Data B Data C
ESC I K 1 n1 1 n21
Data 0
Text
data
Bit- Bit-
Length of image Text Length of image
data data data data data
480 bit-image dot positions
Example: 1 'OPEN PRINTER IN RANDOM MODE
WITH LENGTH OF 255
2 OPEN "LPTl:"AS #1
3 WIDTH "LPTl:",255
4 PRINT #1,CHR$(13)+CHR$(1O);
5 SLASH$=CHR$(1)+CHR$(02)
+CHR$(04) +CHR$(08)
6 SLASH$=SLASH$+CHR$(16)+CHR$(32)
+CHR&(64)+$CHR$(128)+CHR$(0)
7 GAP$=CHR$(O)+CHR$(O)+CHR$(O)
8 NDOTS=480
9 'ESCKNI N2
10 PRINT #1,CHR$(27);"K";CHR$(NDOTS
MOD 256);CHR$ (FIX(NDOTS/256;
11 'SEND NDOTS NUMBER OF BIT
IMAGE BYTES
12 FOR 1=1 TO NDOTS/12 'NUMBER
OF SLASHES TO
PRINT USING GRAPHICS
13 PRINT #1,SLASH$;GAP$;
3-124 Printers
ESCL
ESCN
ESC 0
ESCS
14 NEXT I
15 CLOSE
16 END
This example gives you a row of slashes
printed in the Bit-Image mode.
Escape L (960-Bit-Image
Graphics-Mode)
Format: ESC L;nl;n2;vl;v2; ... vk;
Changes from the Text mode to the Bit-Image
Graphics mode. The input is similar to ESC
K. The 960 Bit-Image mode prints at half the
speed of the 480 Bit-Image Graphics mode, but
can produce a denser graphic image. The
number of bytes of bit-image Data (k) is nl
+256n2 but cannot exceed 960. nl is in the
range of 0 to 255.
Escape N (Set Skip Perforation)
Format ESC N;n;
Sets the Skip Perforation function. The
number following ESC N sets the value for the
number of lines of Skip Perforation. The
example shows a 12-line skip perforation.
This prints 54 lines and feeds the paper
12 lines. The value of n must be between 1
and 127. ESC N must be reset anytime the
page length (ESC C) is changed.
Example:
Escape 0 (Cancel Skip Perforation)
Cancels the Skip Perforation function.
Example:
Escape S (Subscript/Superscript)
Format: ESC S;n;
Changes the printer to the Subscript print
mode when ESC S is followed by aI, as in the
example that follows. When ESC S is followed
by a 0 (zero), the printer prints in the
Printers 3-125
ESCT
ESCU
ESCW
ESCY
ESCZ
3-126 Printers
Superscript print mode.
Example:
Escape T (Subscript/Superscript Off)
The printer stops printing in the Subscript
or Superscript print mode.
Example:
Escape U (Unidirectional Printing)
Format: ESC U;n;
The printer prints from left to right
following the input of ESC U;l. When ESC U
is followed by a 0 (zero), the left to right
printing operation is canceled. The
Unidirectional print-mode (ESC U) ensures a
more accurate print-start position for better
print quality.
Example:
Escape W (Double Width)
Format: ESC W;n;
Changes the printer to the Double-Width print
mode when ESC W is followed by a 1. This
mode is not canceled by a line-feed operation
and must be canceled with ESC W followed by a
o (zero).
Example:
Escape Y (960 Bit-Image Graphics
Mode Normal Speed)
Format: ESC Y nl;n2;vl;v2; ... vk;
Changes from the Text mode to the 960
Bit-Image Graphics mode. The printer prints
at normal speed during this operation and
cannot print dots on consecutive dot
position. The input of data is similar to
ESCL.
Escape Z (1920 Bit-Image Graphics
Mode)
Format: ESC Z;n1;n2;v1;v2; ... vk;
Changes from the Text mode to the 1920
Bit-Image Graphics mode. The input is
similar to the other Bit-Image Graphics
modes. ESC Z can print only every third dot
position.
Printers 3-127
3-128 Printers
1 :'l 'I' 1 ' 1 '1'1' ,:, "I
:: 1 " 1 ;: 1 1 1 :1 1 '" " '"
0';41 " 1 n 1 n 1 C:'. 1 " 1 '" " 1 '"
" I" 1 S: 1 ;' H ; 1 $ ;. ':
;1;1: :1: ;
; -I ; 1 I ; I; ;" ";
; ;
; ; ;
;;
; : : :
1 1 :F I : I ';" ';" ';" I I
1 1 I 1 '; 1:1
I ': I 1 : 1 'I' I ';"1;" '" Ho I
Printer Character Set 1 (Part 1 of 2)
170171172 1731711 175176 177178179
:::
'""""' r-
1/2
I
~ ...
1/4
I

~

"
~ : -
Printers 3-129
.:, I ' I ' 1 I. H. B;' " H: 1
1 " H 1 :1 1 '" " " 1
0:41 1 n 1 " 1 C:'. 1 '" I" '" "I
WI" I :; I ;' I :: 1 ; 1 $ ': I
1;1;'1:1:1': ;
I; ;1;1;1;1;1;
I; :1; ; ;
I; ';
; 1 ; ; ; I
; i : : I:
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
delf9h i ilk1m
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
n olp q r 5 tlu V w
IlO III 127 173 124 125 126 127 128 129
xlylz {I: C ii
Printer Character Set 2 (part 1 of 2)
3-130 Printers
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
::: .
-' r-
..,
112 1/4
I

... , .
I
1.
:::. :
-'-
Printers 3-131
Notes:
3-132 Printers
IBM PC Compact Printer
The PC Compact Printer is a stand-alone, tabletop unit
that plugs into a standard wall outlet. Using an
eight-wire print head, the printer can print characters
from the standard ASCn, 96-character, uppercase and
lowercase character sets, and prints the characters in a
5-by-7 dot matrix at 56 characters-per-second (cps). It
prints in one direction (left-to-right) and has four print
modes. In the standard mode, the printer prints 80
characters-per-line; in the compressed mode, 136
characters; in the double-width mode, 40 characters,
and in the compressed double-width mode, 68
characters-per-line. The PC Compact Printer can also
underline characters, has an extended character-set for
intemationallanguages, and can accept special
characters programmed by the user.
The printer has a 1.89 meter (6-foot), 16-lead, printer
cable that connects, through an Amphenol connector,
to the serial port (RS-232-C) at the rear of the system
unit.
Printers 3-133
+VH_____.
VOLTAGE
REG. AND ..
SAFm
..
P17
..
LOGIC
..
THERMAL
HEAD
A .....
tl
=)
P3037
ADR/DATA BUS )
DATA LATCH HEAD DRIVER
SN74LS273 ULN2803A
LAMP/MOTOR

PULSE
"
MOTOR
Pl0'13
DRIVER
ULN2013
P16
,/
MPU

HD6801
V5
P46
1
...
FROM IF KEY
P47
Lo
FROM HOME
,..
POSITION SWITCH
v-t

I
h"TAI

ADDRESS

LATCH
i
v'
SN74lS373
/
I
v
2KB
I
' 4.91 MHz
STATIC'RAM
HM6116
P4044 HIGH ORDER ADDRESS
"-
,/
P23
I ...

,..
DRIVER/
TO IBM PCjr
RECEIVER
P15
..

r I
+12V -12V
3-134 Printers
Printer Specifications
Print Method:
Print Speed:
Print Direction:
Number of Pins in
Print Head:
Line Spacing:
Matrix Pattern:
Character Set:
Graphics:
Thermal, non-impact,
Dot-matrix
56 cps
Left to right only
8
4.23 mm (1/6 in)
5 by 7 Dots
Full 96-character ASCII
with descenders, plus
international
characters / symbols
None
Printers 3-135
Print Modes:
Characters Maximum
per Inch Characters
per Line
Standard 10 80
Double Width 5 40
Compressed 17.5 l36
Compressed/
8.75 68
Double Width
Paper Feed: Friction Feed
Paper Width: 216 mm (8.5 in)
Copies: Single sheet only
Paper Path: Top
System Interface: Serial Data and Control Lines
Print Color: Black only
3-136 Printers
Environmental
Conditions
Temperature:
Humidity:
Power Requirement
Voltage:
Current:
Power Consumption:
Heat Output:
Physical
Characteristics
5C (+41F) to 40C
(l04F)
10 to 80% non-condensing
110 Vac 60 Hz
245 rnA
36 watts
57.6 kJ (54.6 BTU)/hr
(maximum)
Height: 88.9 mm (3.5 in)
Width: 312.4 mm(12.3 in)
Depth: 221 mm (8.7 in)
Weight: 2.99 kg (6.6 lb)
Power Cable Length: 1.98 m (6.5 ft)
Size: 28 AWG
Printer Cable Length: 1.83 m (6 ft)
Size: 3 by 18 AWG
Printers 3-137
Character Set:
3-138 Printers
ASCII numbers 0 to 31 contain
control codes and special
characters. ASCII numbers 32 to
127 contain the standard printable
characters. ASCII numbers 128 to
175 contain European characters.
ASCII numbers 224 to 255
contain math and extra symbols.
Serial Interface Description
Specifications:
Data Transfer Rate:
Synchronization:
Handshaking:
Logic Level:
Connector Plug:
1200 bps (maximum)
internal clocking
CTS (Clear to Send) Pacing
Input data and all interface
control- signals are EIA
Levels
9804 (Amphenol)
The following figure shows the timing of the Serial
Interface .
... 1 .. -----Character Period ----.... ~
Received I I
Data ~ __
One
Start
Bit
High (Ready)
ROY
Serial Interface Timing Diagram
Ti
Low (Busy)
I
Two
Stop
Bits
"I
I
CTS
Printers 3-139
Print Mode Combinations for the PC Compact
Printer
The following figure shows the print-mode
combinations possible with the PC Compact Printer.
Modes shown in the same column can be combined. A
print mode can be changed at any time within a line:
however, the double-width mode effects the entire line.
Modes
Standard XXX
Compressed XXX XXX XXX
Double-Width XXX XXX XXX
Underline XXX XXX XXX XXX
Printer Control Codes and Functions
On the following pages you will find a detailed list of
the printer control codes and functions. This list also
includes descriptions of the functions and examples
of the printer control codes.
The examples (LPRINT statements) given in the
detailed descriptions of the printer control codes and
functions list, are written in BASIC. Some knowledge
of BASIC programming is needed to understand
these codes. Some of the printer control codes also
show a "Format" description when more
information is needed for programming
considerations.
3-140 Printers
CODE
CAN
PRINTER FUNCTION
Cancel
Clears the printer buffer. Control codes,
except SO, remain in effect. Reinitializes
the printer to the power on defaults.
LPRINT CHR$(24);
CR Carriage Return
Ends the line the printer is on and prints
any data remaining in the printer buffer.
The logical character position is moved to
the left margin. (No Line Feed operation
takes place.) Note: mM Personal
Computer BASIC adds a Line Feed unless
128 is added.
LPRINT CHR$(13);
DC2 Device Control 2 (Compressed Off)
Stops printing in the Compressed mode.
LPRINT CHR$(18);
DC4 Device Control 4 (Double Width Off)
Stops printing in the Double Width mode.
LPRINT CHR$(20);
ESC Escape
Informs the printer that the following data
is a printer command. (See the following
ESC commands.)
LPRINT CHR$(27);
Printers 3-141
ESCB
ESCC
3-142 Printers
Escape B (Set Vertical Tabs)
Sets vertical tab stop positions. Up to 64
vertical tab stop positions are recognized by
the printer. Tab stop positions must be
received in ascending numeric order. The
tab stop numbers do not become valid until
you type the NUL code. Once vertical tab
stops are established, they are valid until
new tab stops are specified. (If the printer
is reset or switched Off, set tab stops are
cleared.) If no tab stop is set, the Vertical
Tab command acts as a Line Feed
command. ESC B followed only by NUL
cancels tab stops. The form length must be
set by the ESC C command prior to setting
tabs.
LPRINT
CHR$(27);CHR$(66);CHR$(10);CHR$(20);
CHR$(40);CHR$(O);
Escape C (Set lines per page)
Format: ESC C;n; Sets the page length.
The ESC C command must be followed by
a value to specify the length of page desired.
(Maximum form length for the printer is
127 lines.) The following example sets the
page length to 55 lines. The printer default
is 66 lines per page when switched On or
reset.
ESCD
ESCK
Escape D (Set Horizontal Tab Stops)
Sets the horizontal tab stop positions. The
following example shows the horizontal tab
stop positions set at printer column
positions of 10, 20 and 40. The horizontal
tab stops are followed by CHR$(O), the
NUL code. They must also be in ascending
numeric order as shown. You can set tab
stops between 1 and 80. When in the
Compressed print mode, you can set tabs up
to column 136. The maximum number of
tabs that can be set is 112. HT (CHR$(9
is used to execute a tab operation.
LPRINT
CHR$(27);CHR$(68);CHR$(10)CHR$(20)
CHR$(40);CHR$(0);
Escape K (480 Bit-Image Graphics Mode)
Format: ESC K;nl;n2; vI; v2; ..... vk;
Changes the printer to the Bit-Image
Graphics mode. Dot density is 82.5 by 82.5
dots per inch. If the graphics data exceeds
the space remaining on the line, the printer
ignores the excess data. Only the excess
data is lost.
The numbers n1 and n2 specify, in binary
form, the number of bit image data bytes to
be transferred. Assign values to nl to
represent values from zero to 255 and
assign values to n2 to represent values from
0-1 x 256. The total number of bit image
data bytes cannot exceed 480. (nl + (n2 X
256.
Printers 3-143
ESCN
3-144 Printers
The bit-image data bytes are vI through vk.
All eight of the print head wires are used to
print Bit-image graphics. Each bit of a
bit-image data byte represents a dot
position within a vertical line. The least
significant bit (LSB) represents the bottom
dot position, and the most significant bit
(MSB) represents the top dot position. For
example, if vX is hex 80, the top dot will
print only in that vertical position; if vX is
hex 01, the bottom dot will print; and if vX
is hex FF, all eight dots will print.
Dot Bit Number
Top 0 - - - 8
0- --7
0- - - 6
0- - - 5
0- - - 4
0- - - 3
0- - - 2
Bottom 0 - - - 1
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(75);nl ;n2
Escape N (Set Skip Perforation)
Format: ESC N;n; Sets the Skip Perforation
function. The number following ESC N
sets the number of lines to be skipped. The
example shows a 12-line skip perforation.
This command will print 54 lines and feed
the paper 12 lines. The value of n must be
between 1 and 127. ESC N must be reset
anytime the page iength (ESC C) is
changed. The default for skip perforation is
25.4 mm (1 inch).
ESC 0 Escape 0 (Cancel Skip Perforation)
Cancels the Skip Perforation function.
ESC R Escape R (Clear Tabs)
Resets all tab stops,both horizontal and
vertical to the powered-on defaults.
ESC W Escape W (Double Width)
ESC 0
ESC 1
ESC 2
ESC 5
Format: ESC W;n; Changes the printer to
the Double Width mode when ESC W is
followed by 1. This mode is not canceled
by a line feed operation. It is canceled
when ESC W is followed by 0 (zero).
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(87);CHR$(l);
Escape Zero (l/9-Inch Line Feed)
Changes the line feed to 2.82 mm (1/9
inch).
Escape One (l/9-inchLine Feed)
Changes the line feed to 2.82 mm 0/9
inch). ESC 1 functions the same as ESC O.
Escape Two (Start Variable Line Feeding)
Resets line spacing to 4.23 mm 0/6 inch).
This is the powered-on default for vertical
line spacing.
Escape Five (Sets Automatic Line Feed)
With automatic line feed on, when a CR
code is received, a line feed automatically
follows after the carriage return. ESC 5 (1)
sets auto line feed; ESC 5 (0) resets it.
Printers 3-145
ESC-
ESC <
FF
Escape Minus (Underline)
Format: ESC -;n; ESC - followed by 1,
prints all of the following data with an
underline. ESC - followed by 0 (zero),
cancels the Underline print mode.
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR(45);CHR$(1); [or
CHR$(O);]
Escape Less Than (Home Head)
The print head returns to the left margin to
print the line following ESC <. This occurs
for one line only.
Form Feed
Advances the paper to the top of the next
page. Note: The location of the paper,
when the printer power switch is set to the
On position, determines the top of the page.
The next top-of-page is 279 mm (11 inches)
from that position. ESC C can be used to
change the page length. Always separate
multiple Form Feed commands with spaces.
LPRINT CHR$(12);
HT Horizontal Tab
Tabs to the next horizontal tab stop. Tab
stops are set with ESC D. (Tab stops are
automatically set at every 8 columns when
the printer power switch is set to the On
position.)
LPRINT CHR$(9);
LF Line Feed
3-146 Printers
Advances the paper one line. Line spacing
is 4.23 mm (1/6 inch) unless reset by ESC
0, ESC 1, ESC 2.
LPRINT CHR$(10);
NUL Null
Used with ESC B and ESC D as terminator
for the tab set and clear commands.
LPRINT CHR$(O);
SI Shift In (Compressed On)
Changes the printer to the Compressed
Character mode. This command is canceled
by a DC2 code (Compressed Off).
LPRINT CHR$(15);
SO Shift Out (Double Width)
Changes the printer to the Double Width
mode. Note: A Carriage Return, Line Feed
or DC4 code cancels Double Width mode.
LPRINT CHR$(14);
VT Vertical Tab
Spaces the paper to the next vertical tab
position. VT are set by the ESC B
sequence. The VT command is the same as
the LF command, if no tabs are set. The
paper is advanced one line after printing or
advanced to the next vertical tab stop.
LPRINT CHR$(1l);
The following charts list the printer control codes
and characters in ASCII decimal numeric order, (for
example, NUL is 0 and ESC W is 87).
Printers 3-147
Character Set (Part 1 of 2)
3-148 Printers
Character Set (Part 2 of 2)
Printers 3-149
I
IIII!!!!! b ~ !!:[ll<'
AoaATTT=;=:;::==:=d
BOa
16 Pin C
S' onnector
Ignal Nam
N
e - Description
ot Used
Data Terminal R
R eady
equest To Send
Carrier Dete=c:::t:---=-'"
Data Set Ready
Clear To Send
NotUsed --------------
Not Used
Not Used
Ground
Not Used
Not Used
Ground
Not Used
B01
B02
B03
B04
Data Terminal R
Request to Send eLad
Y
Looped in Cable t ooped . 0 Oat S
Connec.or S . . on Cable 10 Co..er .1 Re ,
peclflcations etect
3-150 P rinters
SECTION 4. COMPATIBILITY
WITH THE IBM PERSONAL
COMPUTER FAMILY
Contents
Compatibility Overview ..................... 4-3
Timing Dependencies ....................... 4-5
Unequal Configurations ..................... 4-7
Hardware Differences ...................... 4-9
User Read/Write Memory .............. 4-12
Diskette Capacity/Operation ............ 4-13
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard ........... 4-14
Color Graphics Capability ... . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-15
Black and White Monochrome Display ..... 4-18
RS232 Serial Port and IBM PCjr Internal
Modem ............................. 4-18
Summary ............................... 4-19
4-1
Notes:
4-2
Compatibility Overview
The IDM PC}r is a different Computer than the IDM
Personal Computer and IBM Personal Computer XT.
Even though it is different, the IDM PC}r has a high
level of programming compatibility with the IBM
Personal Computers. It is possible to create PC}r
software applications that can run without modification
on other IBM Personal Computers. In order to create
such programs or to assess if a current program is
compatible, you must understand the differences
between the Personal Computers in the IDM family and
know the proper way to communicate with them.
Normally, it would be impossible for a program written
for one computer to run on a different computer since
the microprocessors would be different; and the
language of the application could not be executed by
different processors. In this case, the application would
have to be re-written entirely in the language of the
other processor. Since the IDM PC}r and the other
IBM Personal Computers use exactly the same
microprocessors (lnte18088), most assembler language
programs need not be modified.
This alone is not enough, since applications normally
take advantage of a computers device services (BIOS)
and operating system (IBM DOS 2.1). In order to
allow for maximum program compatibility, the IDM
PC}r has maintained all BIOS system interrupts and
utilizes the same IDM DOS. This means that
applications which use the BIOS and the IBM DOS
interrupts on the IDM Personal Computers operate the
same on the IDM PC}r.
Note: The BIOS micro-code of the IBM PC}r is not
identical to that of the IBM Personal Computers. If
an application bypasses the BIOS interrupt calls and
Overview 4-3
directly accesses routines and/or storage locations in
one system, it may not run in the other system. Some
routines may be similar and some BIOS storage
locations may be the same. It is strongly
recommended that applications use only the BIOS and
DOS interrupt interfaces in order to achieve
compatibility in the IBM Personal Computer family.
Using the same language and the BIOS and DOS
interfaces go a long way in achieving application
compatibility. However, there are still several factors
which need to be taken into consideration:
Timing Dependencies
Unequal Configurations
Hardware Differences
4-4 Overview
Timing Dependencies
Programs running in user read/write memory normally
run slower on the PCjr than on the IBM Personal
Computers. Programs running in read-only memory
(ROM) normally run a little faster on the PCjr than on
the IBM Personal Computers. This mayor may not
cause a difference depending upon the application.
Most applications are very I/O dependent in which
case the execution time is not the critical factor and
may not be noticeable. In other cases, the application
runs the same but merely take a different amount of
time.
If an application has very critical timing dependencies,
any timing differences (faster or slower) may adversely
affect its usability. Using an application's program
execution speed to achieve a desired timing can effect
the application. In these cases, the application may
need to be modified.
Note: It is strongly recommended not to depend on
instruction execution speed 00 achieve specific
application timing. The system timer can provide
short interval timing for assembly language
programs. Similar timing functions are available in
BASIC.
Performance of specific I/O devices (such as diskette
or printer) may also differ between the PCjr and the
other IBM Personal Computers. You should also avoid
using timing of any I/O device as a dependency for the
application.
Timing Dependencies 4-5
Notes:
4-6 Timing Dependencies
Unequal Configurations
In designing an application to run on both the IBM
PC}r and the IBM Personal Computers, you need to
make sure that the required hardware configuration is
available on all machines. This means the application's
minimum requirements are met by all IBM Personal
Computers.
Unequal Configurations 4-7
Notes:
4-8 Unequal Configurations
Hardware Differences
To be able to run on either computer without change,
an application utilizing a specific I/O device must have
access to identical devices (or devices with identical
operating characteristics and interfaces). The mM
PCjr and the mM Personal Computers have very
compatible I/O device capabilities.
The following table lists the hardware features and I/O
devices supported by the mM PCjr and the mM
Personal Computers and summarizes the differences:
Hardware Differences 4-9
Device PC PCXT PCjr PCjr Comments
Maximum 640KB 640KB 128KB Shares user RAM
User Memory with Video Buffer
Cordless No No Yes Scan codes
Keyboard compatible and full
83 key capability
83 Key Yes Yes No Compatible, but
Keyboard Hardware interface
differences
Diskette Yes Yes Yes Compatible, but
Drive different address and
no DMA support
Hard Disk No Yes No
File
Parallel Yes Yes Yes Compatible
Printer
RS 232 Yes Yes Yes Compatible, hex 2F8
Serial Port address, Interrupt
Level 3, Baud-Rate-
Frequency divisor
difference
Game Yes Yes Yes Compatible interface
Control with potential timing
differences
Cassette Yes No Yes Compatible
Internal No No Yes Compatible to PC
Modem Serial Port hex 3F8
address, Interrupt
Level 4, frequency
divisor difference
IBM Yes Yes No
Monochrome
Display
Color Yes Yes Yes Compatible, with
Graphics and some register
Display differences and
enchancements
Light Pen Yes Yes Yes Compatible
PCjr and Personal Computers Comparison (Part 1 of 2)
4-10 Hardware Differences
Device PC PCXT PCjr PCjr Comments
Attachable Yes Yes Yes Compatible
Joystick
8253 Timer Yes Yes Yes Compatible
(time of day)
8259 Interrupt Yes Yes Yes Some difference in
interrupt levels
Internal Yes Yes Yes Compatible but less
Sound frequency response
TI 76496 No No Yes
Sound
ROM No No Yes
Cartridge
Interface
Future I/O Yes Yes Yes Compatible
ROM
Architecture
PCjr and Personal Computers Comparison (Part 2 of 2)
The hardware differences between the IBM PCjr and
the IBM Personal Computers may lead to
incompatibilities depending upon the specific
application. Once again; if your application maintains
an interface to the Personal Computer Family at the
BIOS and DOS interrupt levels, then all hardware
differences are handled transparently to your
application. If your application goes below the BIOS
level and directly addresses the hardware, then there
could be an incompatibility.
User Read/Write Memory
Memory difference can be a problem even with
programs written for the same computer, if the
available memory is not the same from one machine to
the next. Thus, the deciding factor is to state what the
minimum memory requirement is for the application,
and require that amount on the computer in question.
It is important to understand the memory aspects of the
IBM PCjr in relationship to that of the IBM Personal
Computers. The IBM PCjr can be configured for 64K
bytes or 128K bytes (with memory expansion).
However, this user memory is not all available to the
application. The IBM PCjr video architecture utilizes a
minimum of 16K bytes (in graphic mode) and 2K bytes
(in alpha numeric mode) for the screen buffer.
Therefore (in graphics mode), the IBM PCjr really has
48K bytes or 112K bytes (with memory expansion)
available for system software. This is not the case with
the IBM Personal Computers, since the color graphics
adapter contains a separate 16K byte screen buffer.
Thus, a 64K bytes Personal Computer with color
graphics (extra 16K bytes) is an 8DK byte system
compared to a 64K byte IBM PCjr. The IBM PCjr also
has graphic enhancements which allow more than the
16K bytes to be utilized for video screen buffers. If
these enhanced features are used in an application, then
even less is available for user memory.
Another aspect of available memory is the amount
taken away by operating systems and language
interpreters. In the case of the IBM DOS, both the
IBM PCjr and the IBM Personal Computers support
the same DOS. If your application requires the BASIC
interpreter, then there may be a difference. The IBM
Personal Computer Cassette BASIC resides entirely in
the system ROM; taking no user memory. However,
Disk BASIC or Advanced BASIC utilizes
approximately 10K bytes and 14K bytes respectively
from user memory. In the IBM PCjr, Advanced BASIC
capabilities (cartridge BASIC) reside in ROM, taking
no user memory.
As you can see, many items factor into user available
memory requirements. The most frequent comparison
is for the assembler language or compiled application
using a 16K-byte screen buffer operating under DOS
2.1. In this case, an application requiring 64K bytes of
user memory on an IBM Personal Computer cannot run
on the IBM PCjr without its expansion memory (128K
byte capability). This is because of the IBM PCjr video
usage of 16K bytes. Also, any application requiring
more than 112K bytes of user memory with DOS 2.1
on the IBM Personal Computers cannot run on an IBM
PCjr.
Diskette Capacity/Operation
Since the IBM PCjr maximum stand-alone
configuration is one diskette drive with a maximum
capacity of 360K bytes diskette storage, an IBM PCjr
application is either limited by this diskette capacity or
is impacted by the user having to change diskettes more
frequently. The IBM Personal Computers can have
multiple diskette drives with a capacity of 360K bytes
diskette storage each or even possess hard files with a
much larger disk storage capacity. This capacity
difference mayor may not be a concern depending
upon the specific application.
In terms of diskette interfacing, the IBM PCjr and the
IBM Personal Computers both utilize the NEC p,PD765
floppy diskette controller, but with different hardware
addresses, and the IBM PCjr does not operate through
direct memory access (DMA). Since the IBM PCjr
does not have DMA capability, application programs
cannot overlap diskette I/O operations. When diskette
I/O takes place, the entire system is masked (operator
keystrokes and asynchronous communications cannot
take place). Therefore, the application must insure that
asynchronous operations do not take place while
diskette I/O is active.
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard
The Cordless Keyboard is unique to the mM PCjr.
Even though it does not possess all 83 keys of the mM
Personal Computers' keyboards, it does have the
capability to generate all of the scan codes of the
83-key keyboard.
The following shows the additional functions available
on thePCjr.
PCjr Special Functions Required Key Combinations
Shift screen to the left Alt + Ctrl + cursor left
Shift screen to the right Alt + Ctrl + cursor right
Audio Feedback (System Alt + Ctrl + Caps Lock
clicks when a key is pressed.
Customer Diagnostics Alt + Ctrl + Ins
PCjr Special Functions
For more detail see "Keyboard Encoding and Usage" in
Section 5.
Since all scan codes can be generated, any special
application requirements can be met on the Cordless
Keyboard.
The highest level of compatibility to interface to
keyboards is through BIOS Interrupt hex 16 (read
keystroke). Below that level is risky since there are
hardware differences between the PCjr keyboard and
the IBM Personal Computers' keyboards. The PCjr
system utilizes the non-maskable (NMI) Interrupt to
deserialize the scan codes and pass it to Interrupt hex
48 for compatible mapping to 83-key format. Interrupt
level 9 remains a compatible interface for 83-key
scan-code handling. It is not recommended to replace
Interrupt level 9 even though a high degree of
compatibility is maintained. If necessary, analyze this
architecture carefully.
Color Graphics Capability
The IBM PCjr color graphic architecture is quite
different from that of the IBM Personal Computers.
The main difference (as previously discussed) is that
the video buffer is taken from main user memory rather
than having separate memory for video (as in the IBM
Personal Computers). Normally, this would be an
incompatibility since applications directly address the
color graphics buffer at hex B8000. However, the IBM
PCjr has special hardware to redirect hex B8000
addressing to any specific 16K-byte block of its user
memory. The IBM PCjr defaults the video buffer to
the high end 16K-byte block of user memory and
applications can continue to address the video buffer at
hex B8000. In addition all IBM Personal Computers'
color graphics adapter modes are BIOS compatible and
memory structure (bit map) compatible. These modes
are:
Modes Requirements
Alphanumeric:
40x25 BW None
40x25 Color None
80x25 Color Note
80x25 BW None
Graphics:
320x200 4 Color None
320x200 BW None
640x200 BW None
Note: PCjr requires the 64KB Memory and Display Expansion.
Modes Available on the IBM Personal Computers and PCjr
In addition the IBM PC jr provides some new enhanced
graphic modes which are not available to the IBM
Personal Computers.
Modes
Requirements
Graphics:
320x200 16 Color Note
640x200 4 Color Note
160x200 16 Color None
Note: PCjr requires the 64KB Memory and Display Expansion.
Modes Available Only on PCjr
The IBM PCjr and IBM Personal Computers utilize the
6845 controller, but the hardware interface is not
completely the same. Hardware addresses hex 3D8 and
hex 3D9 are not supported by the IBM PCjr video
interface. Requests using these two addresses are not
honored.
Also there are differences in the actual video used by
the hardware. BIOS maintains compatibility by using
the appropriate PCjr video parameters (addressed
through Interrupt hex ID) and maintains all video calls
(through Interrupt hex 10). Application can still
specify video parameter overrides by modifying
Interrupt hex ID to address their own parameters;
however, since there are hardware differences the
recommended approach is as follows:
1. Copy the original parameters from the BIOS of the
system.
2. Change only those parameters desired.
3. Consider the specific video differences between
systems.
Other differences to be aware of are:
The IBM PCjr defaults the colorburst mode to be
off, whereas the IBM Personal Computers default
colorburst to on. Thus applications should not
assume either default but set colorburst mode
(through BIOS call) to the desired setting.
The IBM PCjr video supports a full gray scale
capability which the IBM Personal Computers do
not.
There can be some color differences between the
IBM Personal Computers and the IBM PCjr;
especially when color mixing techniques are used.
Black and White Monochrome Display
The IBM PCjr does not support the mM Personal
Computers black and white monochrome display.
Programs which directly address the mM Personal
Computers monochrome display are not compatible.
For example, any direct addressing of the B&W video
buffer at hex B8000 is not redirected by the mM PCjr.
Applications should support Personal Computer video
capabilities through BIOS, and the video buffer address
is either transparent to the application or the address is
provided indirectly in the BIOS data area.
RS232 Serial Port and IBM PCjr Internal
Modem
The IBM PCjr serial port address is hex 2F8 and is
associated with hardware Interrupt level 3. This is
compatible with a second Asynchronous
Communications Adapter on the mM Personal
Computers. The Internal Modem address is hex 3F8
and is associated with Interrupt level 4. This is
compatible with the first Asynchronous
Communications Adapter on the mM Personal
Computers. It is important to note that when the mM
PCjr has the Internal Modem installed it is logically
COM1 and the RS232 serial port is logically COM2 in
BIOS, DOS, and BASIC. Without the Internal Modem
installed the RS232 serial port is logically addressed as
COM1 in BIOS, DOS, and BASIC even though its
address is still hex 2F8 using Interrupt level 3. Other
hardware differences on the PCjr serial devices are:
A different frequency divisor is needed to generate
baud rate. This is transparent to applications using
BIOS to initialize the devices (Interrupt Hex 14).
No ring indicate capability on the RS232 serial port.
Asynchronous communications input cannot be
overlapped with IDM PCjr diskette I/O. Since
diskette I/O operates in a non-DMA mode any
asynchronous data received during diskette activity
may be overrun (and lost). Thus, applications must
insure that no diskette activity is active while
receiving asynchronous communication data. This
can be done by pacing the asynchronous device (tell
it to hold from sending). The ASCII characters
XOFF and XON are frequently used by some host
computers for this purpose.
Summary
In summary, the IDM PCjr is a member of the IDM
Personal Computer family by way of its strong
architecture compatibility. The highest degree of
application compatibility can be achieved by using a
common high level language, and/ or accessing the
system only through BIOS and DOS interrupts. It's not
recommended to go below the BIOS level even though
there are other hardware compatibilities. When it is
necessary to design for particular computer differences,
the application should determine at execution time
which particular computer it is running on. This can be
done by inspecting the ROM memory location at
segment address hex FOOO and offset hex FFFE for the
following values
hexFF
hex FE
hexFD
= the IDM Personal Computer
= the IDM Personal Computer XT
= theIDMPCjr
Once determined, dual paths would handle any
differences.
Notes:
SECTION 5. SYSTEM BIOS USAGE
Contents
ROM BIOS 5-3
BIOS Usage ............................. 5-5
Vectors with Special Meanings ............ 5-8
Interrupt Hex IB - Keyboard Break Address 5-8
Interrupt Hex I C - Timer Tick ......... 5-8
Interrupt Hex I D - Video Parameters .... 5-9
Interrupt Hex IE - Diskette Parameters .. 5-9
Interrupt Hex IF and hex 44 - Graphics
Character Pointers ................... 5-9
Interrupt Hex 48 - Cordless Keyboard
Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Interrupt Hex 49 - Non-Keyboard
Scan-Code Translation-Table Address ... 5-10
Other Read Write Memory Usage ........... 5-13
BIOS Programming Guidelines ........... 5-18
ROM-Modules ....................... 5-18
Keyboard Encoding and Usage .............. 5-21
Cordless Keyboard Encoding ............ 5-21
Character Codes ................... 5-26
Extended Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-30
Shift States ........................ 5-31
Special Handling ...................... 5-34
System Reset ...................... 5-34
Break ............................ 5-34
Pause ............................ 5-34
Print Screen ....................... 5-34
Scroll Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-35
5-1
Functions 1 thru 10 ................. 5-35
Function Lock ..................... 5-35
Screen Adjustment .................. 5-35
Enable/Disable Keyboard Click ....... 5-36
Run Diagnostics .................... 5-36
Phantom-Key Scan-Code (Hex 55) ..... 5-36
Other Characteristics ................ 5-36
Non-Keyboard Scan-code Architecture .... 5-42
BIOS Cassette Logic ...................... 5-47
Software Algorithms - Interrupt Hex 15 .... 5-47
Cassette Write ........................ 5-48
Cassette Read ........................ 5-49
Data Record Architecture ............... 5-50
Error Detection ....................... 5-51
5-2
ROM BIOS
The basic input/output system (BIOS) resides in ROM
on the system board and provides device-level control
for the major I/O devices in the system. Additional
ROM modules may be located on option adapters to
provide device level control for that option adapter.
BIOS routines enable the assembly-language
programmer to perform block (diskette) or
character-level I/O-operations without concern for
device address and operating characteristics. System
services, such as time-of -day and memory-size
determination, are provided by the BIOS.
The goal is to provide an operational interface to the
system and relieve the programmer of the concern
about the characteristics of hardware devices. The
BIOS interface insulates the user from the hardware,
allowing new devices to be added to the system, yet
retaining the BIOS-level interface to the device. In this
manner, user programs become transparent to hardware
modifications and enhancements.
The IBM Personal Computer Macro Assembler manual
and the IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System
(DOS) manual provide useful programming information
related to this section.
ROMBIOS 5-3
Notes:
5-4 ROMBIOS
BIOS Usage
Access to BIOS is through the software interrupts.
Each BIOS entry-point is available through its own
interrupt, which can be found in "Personal Computer
BIOS Interrupt Vectors", later in this section.
The software interrupts, hex 10 through hex lA, each
access a different BIOS-routine. For example, to
determine the amount of memory available in the
system,
INT hex 12
invokes the BIOS routine for determining memory size
and returns the value to the caller.
All parameters passed to and from the BIOS routines go
through the 8088 registers. The prologue of each BIOS
function indicates the registers used on the call and the
return. For the memory size example, no parameters
are passed. The memory size, in lK byte increments, is
returned in the AX register.
If a BIOS function has several possible operations, the
AH register is used at input to indicate the desired
operation. For example, to set the time-of-day, the
following code is required:
MOV AH,l ;function is to set time-of-day.
MOV CX,HIGH_COUNT ;establish the current
MOV DX,LOW_COUNT
INT lAH ;set the time.
To read time-of-day:
MOV AH,O
INT lAH
;function is to read time of day.
;read the timer.
BIOS USAGE 5-5
Generally, the BIOS routines save all registers except
for AX and the flags. Other registers are modified on
return, only if they are returning a value to the caller.
The exact register usage can be seen in the prologue of
each BIOS function.
5-6 BIOS USAGE
Address . Interrupt
(Hex) Number Name BIOS Entry
0-3 0 Divide by Zero
4-7 I Single Step
8-B 2 Keyboard NMI KBDNMI
C-F 3 Breakpoint
10-13 4 Overflow
14-17 5 Print Screen PRINT
18-IB 6 Reserved
ID-IF 7 Reserved
20-23 8 Time of Day TIMER-INT
24-27 9 Keyboard KB-INT
28-2B A Reserved
2C-2F B Communications
30-33 C Communications
34-37 0 Vertical retrace
38-3B E Diskette Error DISK-INT
Handler
3C-3F F Printer
40-43 10 Video VIDEO-IO
44-47 II Equipment Check EQUIPMENT
48-4B 12 Memory MEMOR Y
DETERMINE
4C-4F 13 Diskette DISKETTE-IO
50-53 14 Communications RS232-IO
54-57 15 Cassette CASSETTE-IO
58-5B 16 Keyboard KEYBOARD-IO
5C-5F 17 Printer PRINTER-IO
60-63 18 Resident BASIC F600:0000
64-67 19 Bootstrap
68-6B lA Time of Day TIME_OFJ)AY
6C-6F IB Keyboard Break DUMMY -RETURN
70-73 IC Timer Tick DUMMY-RETURN
74-77 ID Video VIDEO--P ARMS
Initialization
78-7B IE Diskette DISKjJASE
Parameters
7C-7F IF Video Graphics CRT_CHARH
Chars
Personal Computer BIOS Interrupt Vectors
BIOS USAGE 5-7
Vectors with Special Meanings
The following are vectors with special meanings.
Interrupt Hex IB - Keyboard Break Address
This vector points to the code to be executed when
Break is pressed on the keyboard. The vector is
invoked while responding to the keyboard interrupt,
and control should be returned through an IRET
instruction. The POWER-ON routines initialize this
vector to an IRET instruction, so that nothing occurs
when Break is pressed unless the application program
sets a different value.
Control may be retained by this routine, with the
following problem. The I Break I may have occurred
during interrupt processing, so that one or more I End
of Interrupt I commands must be issued in case an
operation was underway at that time.
Interrupt Hex 1 C - Timer Tick
This vector points to the code to be executed on every
system-clock tick. This vector is invoked while
responding to the I timer I interrupt, and control should
be returned through an IRET instruction. The
POWER-ON routines initialize this vector to point to
an IRET instruction, so that nothing occurs unless the
application modifies the pointer. It is the responsibility
of the application to save and restore all registers that
are modified.
5-8 BIOS USAGE
Interrupt Hex ID - Video Parameters
This vector points to a data region containing the
parameters required for the initialization of the 6845
CRT Controller. Note that there are four separate
tables, and all four must be reproduced if all modes of
operation are to be supported. The POWER-ON
routines initialize this vector to point to the parameters
contained in the ROM video-routines. It is
recommended that if a programmer wishes to use a
different parameter table, that the table contained in
ROM be copied to RAM and just modify the values
needed for the application.
Interrupt Hex IE - Diskette Parameters
This vector points to a data region containing the
parameters required for the diskette drive. The
POWER-ON routines initialize the vector to point to
the parameters contained in the ROM
DISKETTE-routine. These default parameters
represent the specified values for any IBM drives
attached to the machine. Changing this parameter
block may be necessary to reflect the specifications of
the other drives attached. It is recommended that if a
programmer wishes to use a different parameter table,
that the table contained in ROM be copied to RAM
and just modify the values needed for the application.
The motor start-up-time parameter (parameter to) is
overridden by BIOS to force a 500-ms delay (value 04)
if the parameter value is less than 04.
Interrupt Hex IF and hex 44 - Graphics
Character Pointers
When operating in the graphics modes, the
BIOS USAGE 5-9
read/write-character interface forms the character from
the ASCII code-point, using a table of dot patterns
where each code point is comprised of 8 bytes of
graphics information. The table of dot patterns for the
first 128 code-points contained in ROM is pointed to
by Interrupt Hex 44 and the second table of 128
code-points contained in ROM is pointed to by
Interrupt Hex IF. The user can change this vector to
point to his own table of dot patterns. It is the
responsibility of the user to restore these vectors to
point to the default code-point-tables at the termination
of the program.
Interrupt Hex 48 - Cordless Keyboard
Translation
This vector points to the code responsible for
translating keyboard scan-codes that are specific to the
Cordless Keyboard. The translated scan-codes are then
passed to the code pointed to by Interrupt Hex 9 which
then handles the 83-key Keyboard scan codes.
Interrupt Hex 49 - Non-Keyboard Scan-Code
Translation-Table Address
This interrupt contains the address of a table used to
translate non-keyboard scan-codes (scan codes greater
than 85 excluding 255.) If Interrupt hex 48 detects a
scan code greater than 85 (excluding 255) it translates
it using the table pointed to by Interrupt Hex 49. The
address that Interrupt Hex 49 points to can be changed
by users to point to their own table if different
translations are required.
5-10 BIOS USAGE
Note: It is recommended that a programmer save
default pointers and restore them to their original
values when the program has terminated.
BIOS USAGE 5-11
Notes:
5-12 BIOS USAGE
Other Read Write Memory Usage
The IBM BIOS routines use 256 bytes of memory
starting at absolute hex 400 to hex 4FF. Locations hex
400 to 407 contain the base addresses of any RS-232C
attachments to the system. This includes the optional
IBM PCjr Internal Modem and the standard RS232
serial-port. Locations hex 408 to 40F contain the base
addresses of any parallel printer attachments.
Memory locations hex 300 to 3FF are used as a stack
area during the power-on initialization, and bootstrap,
when control is passed to it from power-on. If the user
desires the stack in a different area, the area must be
set by the application.
The following is a list of the interrupts reserved for
BIOS, DOS, and BASIC.
Other Memory Usage 5-13
Address Interrupt
(Hex) (Hex) Function
80-83 20 DOS Program Terminate
84-87 21 DOS Function Call
88-8B 22 DOS Terminate Address
8C-8F 23 DOS Ctrl Break Exit Address
90-93 24 DOS Fatal Error Vector
94-97 25 DOS Absolute Disk Read
98-9B 26 DOS Absolute Disk Write
9C-9F 27 DOS Terminate, Fix in Storage
AO-FF 28-3F Reserved for DOS
100-ll5 40-43 Reserved for BIOS
116-ll9 44 First 128 Graphics Characters
120-131 45-47 Reserves for BIOS
132-135 48 Cordless-Keyboard Translation
136-139 49 N on- key board Scan-code
Translation Table
140-17F 50-5F Reserved for BIOS
100-17F 40-5F Reserved for BIOS
180-19F 60-67 Reserved for User Software
Interrupts
lAO-l FF 68-7F Reserved
200-217 80-85 Reserved for Basic
218-3C3 86-FO U sed by Basic Interpreter while
BASIC is running
3C4-3FF FI-FF Reserved
BIOS, BASIC, and DOS Reserved Interrupts
The following is a list of reserved memory locations.
5-14 Other Memory Usage
Address
(Hex) Mode Function
400-48F ROM BIOS See BIOS Listing
490-4EF Reserved for System Usage
500-5FF Communication Area for any
application
500 DOS Reserved for DOS and BASIC,
Print Screen Status Flag Store,
O-Print Screen Not Active or
Successful
Print Screen Operation,
I-Print Screen In Progress,
255-Error Encountered During
Print
Screen Operation,
504 DOS Single Drive Mode Status Byte
510-511 BASIC BASIC's segment Address Store
512-515 BASIC Clock Interrupt Vector Segment:
Offset Store
516-519 BASIC Break key Interrupt Vector
Segment: Offset Store
51A-51D BASIC Disk Error Interrupt Vector
Segment: Offset Store
Reserved Memory locations
The following is a list of the BASIC workspace
variables.
If you do DEF SEG (Default workspace
segment):
Line number of current line being executed
Line number of last error
Offset into segment of start of program text
Offset into segment of start of variables
(end of program text 1-1)
Keyboard buffer contents
if O-no characters in buffer
if I-characters in buffer
Character color in graphics mode
Set to I, 2, or 3 to get text in colors
I to 3.
Do not set to O.
(Default = 3)
Example
100 Print Peek (&H2E) + 256*Peek (&H2F)
) L H
(
100 I hex 64 I hex 00 I
BASIC Workspace Variables
Offset
(Hex) Length
2E 2
347 2
30 2
358 2
6A I
4E I
The following shows the mapping of the BIOS memory
Starting Address in Hex
00000 BIOS
Interrupt
Vectors
00400 BIOS
Data
Area
00500 User
ReadlWrite
Memory
AOOOO Reserved
for Future
Video
B8000 Reserved
for Video
COOOO Reserved
for Future
1/0 ROM
00000 Reserved
for
Cartridges
EOOOO Reserved
for
Cartridges
FOOOO BIOSI
Diagnosticsl
Cassette and
BASIC
Program
Area
BIOS System Map
BIOS Programming Guidelines
The BIOS code is invoked through software interrupts.
The programmer should not I hard code I BIOS
addresses into applications. The internal workings and
absolute addresses within BIOS are subject to change
without notice.
If an error is reported by the diskette code, you should
I reset I the drive adapter and retry the operation. A
specified number of retries should be required on
diskette I reads I to insure the problem is not due to
motor start-up.
When altering I/O-port bit-values, the programmer
should change only those bits which are necessary to
the current task. Upon completion, the programmer
should restore the original environment. 'Failure to
adhere to this practice may be incompatible with
present and future systems.
ROM-Modules
The ROM BIOS provides a facility to integrate adapter
cards with on-board ROM-code into the system.
During the Power-On Self-Test (POST), interrupt
vectors are established for the BIOS calls. Mter the
default vectors are in place, a scan for additional ROM
modules takes place. At this point, a ROM routine on
the adapter card may gain control. The routine may
establish or intercept interrupt vectors to hook
themselves into the system.
The absolute addresses hex COOOO through hex DOOOO
are scanned in 2K-byte blocks in search of a valid
adapter card ROM. A valid ROM is defined as follows:
Byte 0:
Byte 1:
Byte 2:
hex 55
hexAA
length (multiple of 2K bytes) - A length
indicator representing the number of
512-byte blocks in the ROM
(length/512). A checksum is also done to
test the integrity of the ROM module.
Each byte in the defined ROM is summed
modulo hex 100. This sum must be 0 for
the module to be deemed valid.
When the POST identifies a valid ROM, it does a 'far
call' to byte 3 of the ROM (which should be
executable code). The adapter card may now perform
its power-on initialization-tasks. The feature ROM
should return control to the BIOS routines by executing
a 'far return' .
Notes:
Keyboard Encoding and Usage
The following explains how the keyboard interacts with
BIOS and how 83-key-keyboard functions are
accomplished on the Cordless Keyboard.
Cordless Keyboard Encoding
The KEYBOARD routine provided by IBM in the
ROM BIOS is responsible for converting the keyboard
scan-codes into what is termed "Extended ASCII. "
Extended ASCII encompasses one-byte
character-codes with possible values of 0 to 255, an
extended code for certain extended keyboard-functions,
and functions handled within the KEYBOARD routine
or through interrupts.
The following is the physical layout of the IBM PCjr
Cordiess Keyboard.
Keyboard Encoding 5-21
Fn
58 --- -
----
- - ---
- ---
- - ---
- - - ---
----- --_.-
IBM PCjr Cordless Keyboard Diagram
The following are charts of the scan codes for the IBM
PC}r Cordless Keyboard.
Make Break
Key Keyboard Code Code
Position Characters (Hex) (Hex)
1 ESC 1 81
2
If!
2 82
3
2/a 3 83
4 3/# 4 84
5 4/$ 5 85
6
5/%
6 86
7
6/
A
7 87
8 7/& 8 88
9 8/* 9 89
10
9/(
A 8A
11
OJ) B 8B
12
-/-
C 8C
13
=/+
0 8D
14 BS<_
E 8E
15 FN 54 04
16 TAB F 8F
17
q/Q
10 90
18
w/W
11 91
19 e/E 12 92
20 r/R 13 93
21
tiT 14 94
22 y/y 15 95
23
u/U
16 96
24
i/ I 17 97
25
0/0
18 98
26
piP 19 99
27 [I{ lA 9A
28 ]j} IB 9B
29 ENTER Ie 9C
30 CTRL 10 90
31 a/A IE 9E
Cordless Keyboard Maxtrix Scan Codes (Part 1 of 2)
Make Break
Key Keyboard Code Code
Position Characters (Hex) (Hex)
32
siS
IF 9F
33 djO 20 AO
34 fjF 21 Al
35 gjG 22 A2
36 hjH 23 A3
37 jl J
24 A4
38 k/K
25 A5
39 1/ L 26 A6
40
.;-
, . 27 A7
41
'/ "
28 A8
42 CUR.UP 48 C8
43 LF.SHIFT 2A AA
44 z/Z 2C AC
45 x/X
20 AD
46
c/C
2E AE
47 v/V
2F AF
48 biB 30 BO
49 n/N 31 BI
50 m/M 32 B2
51
,1<
33 B3
52
1>
34 B4
53 //? 35 B5
54 RT.SHIFT 36 B6
55 CUR.LF. 4B CB
56 CUR.RT. 40 CO
57 ALT. 38 B8
58 SP.BAR 39 B9
59 CAPS LOCK 3A BA
60 INSERT 52 02
61 DELETE 53 03
62 CUR.DWN. 50 DO
Phantom-Key Scan Code 55
Cordless Keyboard Matrix Scan Codes (Part 2 of 2)
5-24 Keyboard Encoding
The Cordless Keyboard is unique to the PCjr. Even
though it does not possess all 83 keys of the IBM
Personal Computer keyboard, it does have a way in
which you can cause all of the scan codes of the 83-key
keyboard. The following chart shows the mapping of
functions between both keyboards:
IBM Personal Computers
83-key Keyboard Function
FI-FIO
Ctrl Break
Ctrl PrtSc (Echo Print)
Shift PrtSc (Print Screen)
Ctrl NumLock (Pause)
Scroll Lock
Numeric keypad region:
Num Lock (Number
keypad I through 10
becomes key scan codes.)
PgUpkey
PgDn key
Home key
End key
Numeric keypad - sign
Numeric keypad + sign
\ key
, key
! key
key
* with PrtSc
Numeric keypad.
All 256 extended codes:
Alt + numeric value
from numeric keypad
IBM PCjr
Cordless Keyboard Mapping
Function key + 1-0 (FI-FIO)
Function key + B (Break)
Function key + E (Echo)
Function key + P (PrtSc)
Function key + Q (Pause)
Function key + S (ScLock)
Alt + Function key + N (I
through 0 becomes numeric-key
scan-codes)
Function key + cursor left
(PgUp)
Function key + cursor right
(PgDn)
Function key + cursor up
(Home)
Function key + cursor down
(End)
Function key plus the - sign
Function key + = sign
Alt + /
Alt + '
Alt + [
Alt + ]
Alt + .
Shift + Del
NumLock then Alt + numeric
value (I through 0)
83-key-Keyboard Function to Cordless-Keyboard Mapping
Character Codes
The following character codes are passed through the
BIOS KEYBOARD-routine to the system or
application program. A -1 means the combination is
suppressed in the KEYBOARD routine. The codes are
returned in AL. See Appendix C, "Characters,
Keystrokes,and Color" for the exact codes.
Key Base Upper
Number Case Case Ctrl Alt Fn
I Esc Esc Esc -I
**
2 I ! -I
* *****
(FI)
* ***
, ,
3 2 a Nul (000)
* *****
(F2)
* ***
, ,
4 3 # -1
* *****
(F3) ,
5 4 $ -1
* *****
(F4)
* ***
, ,
6 5
%
-1
* *****
(F5)
* ***
, ,
7 6 RSO (030)
* *****
(F6)
* ***
, ,
8 7 & -1
* *****
(F7)
* ***
, ,
9 8
*
-1
* *****
(F8)
* ***
, ,
10 9 ( -I
* *****
(F9)
* ***
, ,
I I 0 ) -I
* *****
(FlO) *,***
,
12
-
- US (03 I)
* ***
13 = + -1
* ***
14 Backspace Backspace DEL (127) -I -I
(008) (008)
15 Fn -I -I -1 -I -I
16 ->/ (009)
1<-*
-I -I -I
17 q Q DCI (017)
* ** ***
,
(Pause)
18 w W ETB (023)
*
-I
19 e E ENQ (005)
* ** ***
,
(Echo)
20 r R DC2 (018)
*
-I
21 t T DC4 (020)
*
-I
*
- Refer to "Extended Codes" in this section.
**
- Refer to "Special Handling" in this section.
***
- Refer to "83-Key Keyboard functions to Cordless Keyboard
Mapping Chart. "
****
- Uppercase for cursor keys can be selected by pressing left or
right shift or entering the NumIock state (Alt + Fn + N).
***** -
When AIt is pressed and the keyboard is in the Numlock
state, the upper row of digits is used to enter ASCII codes
for generating any character from the extended ASCII
character set.
Cordless-Keyboard Character Codes (Part 1 of 4)
Key Base Upper
Number Case Case Ctrl Ait Fn
22 y
y
EM (025)
*
-I
23 u U NAK (021)
*
-I
24 I I HT (009)
*
-I
25 0 0 SI (015)
*
-I
26
P
P DLE (016)
* ** ***
,
(PrtScreen)
27 [ { Esc (027)
(I) ***
-I
28 ] } GS (029)
~ ) ***
-1
29 CR CR LF (010) -1 -1
30 Ctrl -1 -1 -1 -I -1
31 a A SOH (001)
*
-I
32 s S DC3 (019)
* ** ***
,
(Scroll Lock)
33 d D EOT (004)
*
-1
34 f F ACK (006)
*
-1
35 g G BELL (007)
*
-1
36 h H BS (008)
*
-1
37
J
J LF (010)
*
-1
38 k K VT(Oll)
*
-1
39 1 L FF (012)
*
-1
40 , -1 -1 -1
41
,
" -1
(') ***
1
*
**
***
- Refer to "83-Key Keyboard functions to Cordless
Keyboard Mapping Chart."
****
- Uppercase for cursor keys can be selected by pressing
left or right shift or entering the Num10ck state (Alt +
Fn + N).
***** - When A1t is pressed and the keyboard is in the
Numlock state, the upper row of digits is used to enter
ASCII codes for generating any character from the
extended ASCII character set.
Key
Number
42
43 Left
Shift
44
45
46
47
48
Base
Case
Upper
Case Ctrl AU
Cur.Up* 8 **** -I
*
-1
z
x
c
v
b
-1
z
X
C
V
B
-1 -I
SUB (026) *
CAN (024) *
EXT (003) *
SYN (022) *
STX (002) *
Fn
** *** ,
(Home)
-1
-I
-1
-1
-1
** *** ,
(Break)
49 n * *** *** , N SO (014)
50 m
51
52
53 /
54 Right -I
Shift
M CR (013)
< -1
> -1
? -1
-I -1
55 Cur.L * 4 **** *
Reverse
Word
Cur.R * 6 **** * 56
Advance
Word
* -1
-I -1
(*) * -1
\ -1
-I
* ** *** ,
(PgUp)
*
** *** ,
(PgOn)
*
**
***
Refer to "83-Key Keyboard functions to Cordless
Alt +
Ctrl
**
**
**
**** - Uppercase for cursor keys can be selected by pressing
left or right shift or entering the Numlock state (Alt +
Fn + N).
***** - When Alt is pressed and the keyboard is in the
Key Base Upper Alt +
Number Case Case
Ctr) Ait Fn Ctr)
57 Alt -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
58 Space Space Space Space Space
59 Caps -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 **
Lock
60 Ins. 0**** -1 * -1 **
61 Del. * **** -1 * -I **
62 Cur.Dn * 2 **** -1 * ** *** ,
End
* - Refer to "Extended Codes" in this section.
** - Refer to "Special Handling" in this section.
*** - Refer to "83-Key Keyboard functions to Cordless
**** - Uppercase for cursor keys can be selected by pressing
left or right shift or entering the Numlock state (Alt +
Fn + N).
***** - When Alt is pressed and the keyboard is in the
Extended Codes
An extended code is used for certain functions that
cannot be represented in the standard ASCII code. A
character code of 000 (Nul) is returned in AL. This
indicates that the system or application program should
examine a second code that indicates the actual
function. This code is returned in AH. This is the same
for both the Cordless Keyboard and 83-key keyboard.
Second Code
3
15
16 through 25
30 through 38
44 through 50
59 through 68
71
72
73
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84 through 93
94 through 103
104 through 113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120 through 131
132
133 through 149
150 through 190
Nilll Character

Function
Alt Q, W, E, R, T, Y, U, I, 0, P
Alt A, S, D, F, G, H, J, K, L
Alt Z, X, C, V, B, N, M
Fn + 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7, 8,9,0 (Functions I
through 10)
Home
Up Arrow
Page Up
(Cursor Left)
(Cursor Right)
End
Down Arrow
Page Down
Ins (Insert)
Del (Delete)
F11 through F20 (Upper Case Fl
through FlO)
F21 through F30 (Ctrl Fl through FlO)
F31 through F40 (Alt Fl through FlO)
FnjE or CtrljFnjP (StartjStop Echo to
Printer)
Ctrl...r.- (Reverse Word)
Ctrl (Advance Word)
Ctrlj End [Erase End of Line (EOL)]
Ctrlj PgDn [Erase to End of Screen (EOS)]
Ctrlj Home (Clear Screen and Home)
Altj 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7, 8, 9, 0, -, = (Keys 2
through 13)
CtrljPgUp (Top 25 Lines of Text and
Home Cur.)
Reserved
Reserved for Non-Keyboard Scan Codes
Cordless Keyboard Extended Functions
Shift States
Most shift states are handled within the KEYBOARD
routine, transparent to the system or application
program. The current set of active shift states is
available by I calling I an entry point in the ROM
KEYBOARD-routine. The following keys result in
altered shift-states:
Shift
This key temporarily shifts keys 2 thru 13, 16 thru 28,
31 thru 41, and 44 thru 53 to upper case (base case if
in Caps Lock state). The Shift key temporarily reverses
the I Num Lock I or I non-Num-Lock I state of keys 42,
55,56, and 60 thru 62.
etr)
This key temporarily shifts keys 3, 7, 12, 14, 16 thru
28, 30 thru 38, 42, 44 thru 50, 55, and 56 to the Ctrl
state. The Ctri key is used with the Alt and Del keys to
cause the I System Reset I function, with the Scroll
Lock key to cause the I Break I function, with the Num
Lock key to cause the I Pause I function, with the Alt
and Cursor Left or Right for I screen adjustment I , with
Alt and Ins to I activate diagnostics I , and with Alt and
CapsLock to I activate keyboard clicking I. These
functions are described in "Special Handling" on the
following pages.
Alt
The Alt key temporarily shifts keys 2 thru 13, 17 thru
26, 31 thru 39, and 44 thru 50 to the I Alternate state I
The Alt key is used with the Ctrl and Del keys to cause
the I System Reset I function described in "Special
Handling" on the following pages. The Alt key is also
used with keys 27, 28, 41, and 53 to produce the
characters under the key.
The Alt key has another use. This key allows the user
to enter any character code from 0 to 255 into the
system from the keyboard. The user must first put the
keyboard in the I Num Lock I state (concurrently press,
first Alt then Fn + n). Then while holding down the Alt
key type the decimal value of the character desired
using keys 2 thru 11. The Alt key is then released. If
more than three digits are typed, a modulo-256 result is
created. These three digits are interpreted as a
character code and are transmitted through the
KEYBOARD routine to the system or application
program. Alt is handled internal to the KEYBOARD
routine.
Caps Lock
This key shifts keys 17 thru 25,31 thru 39, and 44 thru
50 to I upper case I. A second press of the Caps Lock
key reverses the action. Caps Lock is handled internal
to the KEYBOARD routine.
Shift-Key Priorities and Combinations
The following keys are listed in descending priority for
translation in Interrupt Hex 48 and Interrupt hex 9
respectively:
1. Interrupt Hex 48-
a. Alt key
b. Ctrl key
c. Shift key
2. Interrupt Hex 9
a. Ctrl
b. Alt
c. Shift
Keyboard Encoding S-33
Of the three keys listed, only Alt and Ctrl are a valid
combination. If any other combination of the three
keys is used, only the key with the higher priority is
recognized by the system.
Special Handling
System Reset
The combination of the All, Ctrl, and Del keys causes
the KEYBOARD routine to initiate the equivalent of a
I System Reset I
Break
The combination of the Fn and B keys results in the
KEYBOARD routine signaling Interrupt Hex lA. The
extended characters (AL = hex 00, AH = hex 00) are
returned.
Pause
The combination of the Fn and Q keys causes the
KEYBOARD-interrupt routine to loop, waiting for any
key to be pressed. This provides a system or
application-transparent method of temporarily
suspending an operation such as list or print and then
resuming the operation by pressing any other key. The
key pressed to exit the I Pause I mode is unused
otherwise.
Print Screen
The combination of the Fn and P keys results in an
interrupt, invoking the PRINT SCREEN routine. This
routine works in the alphanumeric or graphics mode,
with unrecognizable characters printing as blanks.
Scroll Lock
The combination of the Fn and S key is interpreted by
appropriate application programs to indicate that the
cursor-control keys should cause I windowing 'over the
text rather than cursor movement. Pressing the I Scroll
Lock I combination a second time reverses the action.
The KEYBOARD routine simply records the current
shift state of I Scroll Lock I. It is the responsibility of
the system or application program to perform the
function.
Functions 1 tbm 10
The combination of the Fn key (15) and one of keys 2
thru 11 results in the corresponding I Function I with
key 2 being 'F 1 I up to key 11 being I F 10 I
Function Lock
Concurrently pressing first the Fn key and Shift key,
and then pressing the Esc key causes keys 2 thru 11 to
shift to their I Function I states and remain there until
the same combination is pressed again.
Screen Adjustment
The combination of the Alt key, etrl key, and either the
Left or Right cursor movement key causes the screen to
shift one character in the corresponding direction, up to
a maximum of four.
Enable/Disable Keyboard Click
The combination of the Alt, Ctrl, and Caps Lock keys
causes the keyboard audio feedback (click) to shift
between 'on' and 'off'. The Power-On default is
'off'.
Run Diagnostics
The combination of the Alt, Ctrl, and Ins keys causes
the system diagnostics stored in ROM to be initiated.
Phantom-Key Scan-Code (Hex 55)
The Phantom-Key scan-code is generated by the
keyboard when an invalid combination of three or more
keys is pressed. The keys pressed that caused the
Phantom-Key scan-code are not put into the keyboard
buffer, and are ignored by the keyboard
microprocessor. The Phantom-Key scan-code is
transmitted to BIOS where it is ignored.
Other Characteristics
The keyboard buffer is large enough to support a fast
typist. If a key is pressed when the buffer is full, the
character generated is ignored and the 'bell' is
sounded. A larger buffer can be specified by modifying
words at labels 'Buffer-Start' (hex 480) and
'Buffer-End' (hex 482) to point to another offset
within segment hex 40.
The KEYBOARD routine suppresses the typematic
action of the following keys: CtrI, Shift, Alt, Caps
Lock, Insert, and Function.
Function
System Reset
Break
Pause
Print Screen
Function Lock
Screen
Adjustment
Keyboard Click
Run Diagnostics
Keyboard
Adventure
Game
Cassette
Autoload
Key
Combinations Description
Alt + Ctrl + Del Unconditional system
reset
Fn + B
Fn+Q
Fn + P
Fn and Shift
then Esc (Held)
concurrently)
Alt + Ctrl +
cursor right or
cursor left
Alt + Ctrl +
CapsLock
Alt + Ctrl + Ins
Esc
Ctrl + Esc
Breaks program execution
Resumable pause in
program execution
Locks the number keys as
Function keys (FI-FIO)
and B, Q, P, E, S, and the
cursor control keys to
their function states
Allows the user to adjust
the display's image left or
right
Enables or disables the
keyboard audio feedback
click
Initiates system ROM
diagnostics
If the first key pressed
after the system comes up
in Cassette BASIC is Esc
(key #1) then the
Keyboard Adventure
Game will be activated.
If this is the first key
sequence after the system
comes up in Cassette
BASIC then the screen
will display 'Load
"CAS1:",R followed by a
Carriage Return. This
allows a cassette program
to be automatically
loaded.
Cordless Keyboard Special Handling
Keyboard Usage
"Keyboard Usage" is a set of guidelines of key-usage
when performing commonly-used functions.
Function Keys Comment
Home Cursor Fn Home Editors; word processors
Return to Fn Home Menu driven applications
outermost menu
Move cursor up Up Arrow Full screen editor, word
processor
Page up, scroll Fn PgUp Editors; word processors
backwards 25 lines
Move cursor left
6-..
Text, command entry
Move cursor right
-....
Text, command entry
Scroll to end of text Fn End Editors; word processors
place cursor at end
of line
Move cursor down Down Arrow Full screen editor, word
processor
Page down, scroll Fn PgDn Editors; word processors
forwards 25 lines
and home
Start/ Stop insert Ins Text, command entry
text at cursor, shift
text right in buffer
Keyboard - Commonly Used Functions (Part 1 of 3)
Delete character at Del Text, command entry
cursor
Destructive
4-
Key 14 Text, command entry
backspace
Tab forward
~
Text entry
Tab reverse
,......-
Text entry
Clear screen and Ctrl Fn
home Home
Scroll up Up Arrow In scroll lock mode
Scroll down Down Arrow In scroll lock mode
Scroll left
....&-...
In scroll lock mode
Scroll right
---...
In scroll lock mode
Delete from cursor Ctrl Fn Text, command entry
to EOL (end of line) End
Exit/ Escape Esc Editor, I level of menu
and so on
Start/Stop Echo Fn PrtSc Any time
screen to printer
Delete from cursor Ctrl Fn Text, command entry
to EOS (end of PgDn
screen)
Advance word t r l ~ Text entry
Reverse word Ctrl
~
Text entry
Window Right Ctrl
---...
When text is too wide to
fit the screen
Window Left C t r I <011&..- When text is too wide to
fit the screen
Enter insert mode Ins Line Editor
Exit insert mode Ins Line Editor
Cancel current Esc Command entry, text
line entry
Suspend system Ctrl Fn Stop list, stop program,
(Pause) Pause and so on.
Resumes on any key.
Break interrupt Fn Break Interrupt current process
System reset Alt Ctrl Del Reboot
Top of document Ctrl Fn Editors, word processors
and home cursor PgUp
Standard function Shift Fnl FI Primary function keys
keys through
Fnl FlO
Secondary Shift FI-FIO Extra function keys if 10
function keys Ctrl FI-FIO are not sufficient.
Alt FI-FIO
Extra function Alt keys Line Editor
keys 2 through 13
(I through
9,0)
~ , =)
Extra function Alt A U sed when function starts
keys through Z with the same letter as one
of the alpha keys.
Function Key
Carriage return ....J (Enter)
Line feed Ctrl ....J (Enter)
Bell Ctrl G
Home Fn Home
Cursor up Up Arrow
Cursor down Down Arrow
Cursor left
Cursor right
Advance one word Ctrl A--
Reverse one word Ctrl ----A.
Insert Ins
Delete Del
Clear screen Ctrl Fn Home
Freeze output Fn Pause
Tab advance

Stop Execution (break) Fn Break
Delete current line Esc
Delete to end of line Ctrl Fn End
Position cursor to end of line Fn End
BASIC Screen Editor Special Functions
Function Key
Suspend Fn Pause
Echo to printer Fn Echo
Stop echo to printer Fn Echo
Exit current function (break) Fn Break
Backspace, +-- Key 14
Line feed Ctrl AJ (Enter)
Cancel line Esc
Copy character Fn FI or-
Copy until match Fn F2
Copy remaining Fn F3
Skip character Del
Skip until match Fn F4
Enter insert mode Ins
Exit insert mode Ins
Make new line the template Fn F5
String separator in REPLACE Fn F6
End of file in keyboard input Fn F6
DOS Special Functions
Non-Keyboard Scan-code Architecture
The architecture of the IBM PCjrBIOS is designed to
also receive scan codes above those generated by the
keyboard to accommodate any future device.
The keyboard generates scan codes from hex 1 to 55
and FF. Any scan codes above hex 55 (56 thru 7E for
I make I codes and D6 thru FE for I break I codes) are
processed by BIOS in the following manner:
1. If the incoming I make I scan code falls within the
range of the translate table, whose address is
pointed to by BIOS Interrupt Hex 49, it is translated
into the corresponding scan code. Any incoming
I break I codes above hex D5 are ignored.
2. If the new translated scan code is less than hex 56,
it is processed by BIOS as a keyboard scan-code
and the same data is placed in the BIOS keyboard
buffer.
3. If the translated scan-code is greater than hex 55 or
the incoming scan-code is outside the range of the
translate table, hex 40 is added, creating a new
extended-sean-code. The new extended-sean-code
is then placed in the BIOS keyboard buffer with the
character code of OO(null). This utilizes the range
hex 96 th..--u BE for scan codes hex 56 thru 7E
respectively.
The default translate-table maps scan codes hex 56 thru
6A to existing keyboard-values. Scan codes hex 6B
thru BE are mapped (by adding hex 40) to extended
codes of hex AB thru FE, since these are out side the
range of the default translate-table.
Users can modify Interrupt Hex 49 to address their own
translate table if mapping differences are desired.
The translate table format is:
Description
o Length - The number of non-keyboard
scan-codes that are mapped within the table
(from 1 to n).
1 to n Word with low-order byte representing the
scan-code-mapped values relative to the input
values in the range of hex 56 thru 7E.
---8-Bits---
r
Length = 1 to n
I
High Byte - 0 (NUL)
1
Low Byte - Scan Code
High Byte - 0 (NUL)
2
High Byte - 0 (NUL)
3

High Byte - 0 (NUL)
n
Translate Table Format
With this architecture, all keyboard scan-codes can be
intercepted thru Interrupt Hex 9 and all non-keyboard
scan-codes can be intercepted thru Interrupt Hex 48.
The following is a chart showing the default values of
the translate table in BIOS.
Length = 20 mapped values
Input Mapped Keyboard
Scan Code Value Character
86 72 (cursor up)
87 73 PgUp
88 77 (cursor right)
89 81 PgOn
90 80 (cursor down)
91 79 End
92 75 (cursor left)
93 71 Home
94 57 Space
95 28 Enter
96 17 W
97 18 E
98 31 S
99 45 X
100 44 Z
101 43 \
102 30 A
103 16
Q
104 15 Tab
105 1 Esc
Translate Table Default Values
Scan Codes
(Hex)
1 - 55
56 -7E
81 - 05
06-FE
FF
Scan-Code Map
Type of Scan Code
Normal Keyboard Scan Code (Make)
N on-Keyboard Scan Code (Make)
Normal Keyboard Scan Code (Break)
N on-Keyboard Scan Code (Break)
Keyboard Buffer Full
Notes:
BIOS Cassette Logic
Software Algorithms - Interrupt Hex 15
The CASSETTE routine is called by the request type in
AH. The address of the bytes to be I read I from or
I written I to the tape is specified by DS:BX and the
number of bytes to be I read I or I written I is specified
by CX. The actual number of bytes I read I is returned
in DX. The read block and write block automatically
tum the cassette motor on at the start and off at the
end. The request types in AH and the cassette status
descriptions follow:
Request
Type Function
AH =0 Turn Cassette Motor On
AH = 1 Turn Cassette Motor Off
AH =2 Read Tape Block
Read CX bytes into memory starting at
Address DS:BX
Return actual number of bytes read in DX
Return Cassette Status in AH
AH = 3 Write Tape Block
Write CX bytes onto cassette starting at
Address DS: BX
Return Cassette Status in AH
AH Request Types
BIOS Cassette Logic 5-47
Cassette
Status Description
AH =00 No Errors
AH = 01 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Error in
Read Block
AH =02 No Data Transitions
AH =04 No Leader
AH = 80 Invalid Command
Note: The carry flag will be set on any error.
AH Cassette Status
Cassette Write
The WRITE-BLOCK routine 'writes' a tape block
onto the cassette tape. The :tape block is described in
"Data Record Architecture" later in this section.
The WRITE-BLOCK routine 'turns on' the cassette
drive motor and' writes' the leader (256 bytes of all
l's) to the tape, 'writes' a synchronization bit (0), and
then 'writes' a synchronization byte (ASCII character
hex 16). Next, the routine 'writes' the number of data
bytes specified by CX. After each data block of 256
bytes, a 2-byte cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is
, written'. The data bytes are taken from the memory
location 'pointed' at by DS:BX.
The WRITE-BLOCK routine 'disassembles' and
'writes' the byte a bit-at-a-time to the cassette. The
method used is to set' Timer 2 to the period of the
desired data bit. The timer is 'set' to a period of 1.0
millisecond for a 1 bit and 0.5 millisecond for a 0 bit.
5-48 BIOS Cassette Logic
The timer is I set I to mode 3, which means the timer
outputs a square wave with a period given by its count
register. The timer's period is changed on the fly for
each data byte I written I to the cassette. If the number
of data bytes to be I written I is not an integral multiple
of 256, then, after the last desired data byte from
memory has been I written I , the data block is extended
to 256 bytes of writing multiples of the last data byte.
The last block is closed with two CRC bytes as usual.
After the last data-block, a trailer consisting of four
bytes of all 1 bits is I written I. Finally, the cassette
motor is I turned off I , if there are no errors reported by
the routine. All 8259 interrupts are I disabled I during
cassette-write operations.
j-250/15 -j
J I I
Zero Bit
~ 5 0 0 / 1 5 1
J L...--I --lone Bit
I.. 1000/15--------__ 1
Cassette-Write Timing Chart
Cassette Read
The READ-BLOCK routine I turns on I the cassette
drive motor and then delays for approximately 0.5
second to allow the motor to come up to speed.
The READ-BLOCK routine then searches for the
leader and must detect all 1 bits for approximately 1/4
of the leader length before it can look for the sync (0)
bit. After the sync bit is detected, the sync byte
(ASCII character hex 16) is 'read'. If the sync byte is
, read' correctly, the data portion can be 'read'. If a
correct sync byte is not found, the routine goes back
and searches for the leader again. The data is 'read' a
bit-at-a-time and 'assembled' into bytes. After each
byte is 'assembled', it is 'written' into memory at
location DS:BX and BX is incremented by 1.
After each multiple of 256 data bytes is 'read', the
CRC is 'read' and 'compared' to the CRC generated.
If a CRC error is detected, the routine exits with the
carry flag 'set' to indicate an error and the status of
AH 'set' to hex 01. DX contains the number of bytes
'written' into memory.
All 8259 interrupts are 'disabled' during the
cassette- ' read' operations.
Data Record Architecture
The WRITE-BLOCK routine uses the following format
to record a tape block onto a cassette tape:
(CASSETTE TAPE BLOCK)
Leader
I
Motor
On
Sync
Bit
Sync Data
Byte Block
Cassette Write- Block Format
CRC Data
Block
CRC
I
Motor
Off
Component Description
Leader 256 Bytes (of All 1 's)
Sync Bit One 0 bit
Sync Byte ASCII Character hex 16
Data Blocks 256 Bytes in Length
CRC 2 Bytes for each Data Block
Data Record Components
Error Detection
Error detection is handled through software. A eRe is
used to detect errors. The polynomial used is G(X) =
X16 + X12 + X5 + 1, which is the polynomial used by
the synchronous data link: control interface.
Essentially, as bits are I written I to or I read I from the
cassette tape they are passed through the eRe register
in software. After a block of data is I written I , the
complemented value of the calculated eRe register is
I written I on the tape. Upon reading the cassette data,
the eRe bytes are I read I and I compared I to the
generated eRe value. If the read eRe does not equal
the generated eRe, the processor's carry flag is I set I
and the status of AH is I set I to hex 01, which indicates
a eRe error has occurred. Also, the routine is exited
on a eRe error.
Notes:
Appendixes
Contents
Appendix A. ROM BIOS LISTING ........ A-3
Appendix B. LOGIC DIAGRAMS ......... B-1
Appendix C. CHARACTERS, KEYSTROKES, and
COLOR ................................ C-l
Appendix D. UNIT SPECIFICA nONS ........ D-l
System Unit ........................... D-l
Size: .............................. D-l
Weight: ........................... D-l
Transformer: ....................... D-l
Environment: ....................... D-l
Cordless Keyboard ..................... D-2
Size: .............................. D-2
Weight: ........................... D-2
Optional Cable: ..................... D-2
Diskette Drive ....................... D-3
Size: ............................ D-3
Weight: ........................... D-3
Power: ............................ D-3
Mechanical and Electrical ............. D-4
Color Display ......................... D-5
Size: .............................. D-5
Weight: ........................... D-5
Heat Output: ....................... D-5
Power Cables: ...................... D-5
Graphics Printer ....................... D-6
Size: .............................. D-6
Weight: ........................... D-6
A-I
Heat Output: ....................... D-6
Power Cable: ....................... D-6
Signal Cable: ....................... D-6
Electrical: ......................... D-6
Internal Modem ........................ D-7
Power: ............................ D-7
Interface .......................... D-7
Compact Printer ..................... .. D-8
Size .............................. D-8
Weight ........................... D-8
Heat Output ..................... D-8
Power Cable ...................... D-8
Signal Cable ...................... D-8
Electrical ......................... D-8
A-2
0060
0038
0007
0061
0062
0063
0089-
0020
0021
0020
0040
0043
0040
0061
03DA
ODAO
0080
03DF
0060
4000
2000
:: 00F2
= 0080
0020
0040
0001
= OOF4
= 0020
:: 0040
= OOBO
:: OiOF5
0000
0008
0009
oooc
oaoc
0014
0014
0020
0020
0040
0040
0070
0070
0074
0074
OOSO
0060
0078
0078
007C
007C
0110
0110
0120
0120
0124
0124
0204
0204
0208
0208
0224
0224
0400
0400
0400
7eoo
7eoo
7CQO
<CAVEAT EMPTOR);
THE - 8 I OS ROUTI NES ARE MEANT TO 8E ACCESSED THROUGH
SOFTWARE INTERRUPTS ONL V. ANV ADDRESSES PRESENT IN
THE LIST I NGS ARE INCLUDED ONL V FOR COMPLETENESS,
NOT FOR REFERENCE. APPLICATIONS WHICH REFERENCE
ABSOLUTE ADDRESSES WITHIN THIS CODE VIOLATE THE
STRUCTURE AND DESIGN OF BIOS.
EQUATES
---------------------------------------
PORT A EOU 60H B255 PORT A ADDR
CPUREG EQU 3BH MASK FOR CPU REG BITS
CRTREG EOU 7 MASK FOR CRT REG BITS
PORT_B EOU 61H B255 PORT 8 ADDR
PORT_C EoU .2H B255 PORT C ADDR
eMD _PORT EQU .3H
MODE 8255 EOU 100010018
INTAOO EQU 20H B259 PORT
INTAOl EoU 21H 8259 PORT
EOI EOU 20H
TtMER EOU 40H
TI M eTL EoU 43H 8253, TI MER CONTROL PORT ADDR
TtMERO EOU 40H 8253 TIMER/eNTER- 0 PORT ADDR
K B ~ eTL EOU 61H CONTROL BI TS FOR KEVBOARD
VGA CTL EOU 3DAH VtDEO GATE ARRAY CONTROL PORT
NMI:PORT EQU OAOH NMI CONTROL PORT
PORT_BO EOU OBOH
PAGREG EOU 03DFH CRT /CPU PAGE REGISTER
KBPORT EOU 060H KEVBOARD PORT
D I AG_TABLE_PTR EOU 4000H
MINI EOU 2000H
o t SKETTE EQUATES
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ L PORT FOR THE DJ SKETTE
FDC:RESET EQU BOH RESETS THE NEe (FLOPPY Ol5K
WD_ENABLE
WD STROBE
o RIVE_ENABLE
NEC STAT
BUSY_BIT
010
ROM
EOU
EQU
EOU
EQ"
EOU
EOU
EQU
EOU
20H
40H
01H
OF4H
20H
40H
BOH
OF5H
CONTROLLER). 0 RESETS.
1 RELEASES THE RESET
ENABLES WATCH DOG TIMER IN NEC
STROBES WATCHDOG TI MER
SELECTS AND ENABLES DRIVE
STATUS REGISTER FOR THE NEC
BIT = 0 AT END OF EXECUTION PHASE
tNDlCATES DIRECTION OF TRANSFER
REQUEST FOR MASTER
DATA PORT FOR THE NEC
B088 INTERRUPT LOCATIONS
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ORG 2*4
NM I_PTR LA8L WORD
ORG
INT3 PTR
- ORG
INT5_PTR
ORG
ORG
VIDEO INT
- ORG
INTIC PTR
- ORG
ORG
BASIC_PTR
ORG
o I SK_PO INTER
ORG
EXT _PTR LABEL
ORG
CSET PTR
- ORG
KEV62_PTR
ORG
EXST
ORG
INTSl LABEL
ORG
INT82 LABEL
ORG
INT89 LABEL
ORG
DATA_AREA
DATA_WORD
ORG
BOOT_LOCN
AS SO ENOS
3*4
LABEL WORD
.*"
LABEL WORD
8*4
LABEL DWORD
10H*4
LABEL WORD
lCHff4
LABEL WORD
lDHff4
LABEL DWORO
IBH*4
LABEL WORD
01EH*4
LABEL DWORD
01FH*4
DWORD
044H*4
LABEL DWORD
04BH*4
LABEL WORD
049H*4
LABEL WORD
OB1H*4
WORD
OB2H*4
WORD
089H*4
WORD
400H
LABEL BVTE
LABEL WORD
7eOOH
LABEL FAR
POINTER TO VIDEO PARMS
ENTRV POINT FOR CASSETTE BASIC
I NTERRVPT lEH
LOCATION OF POINTER
POI NTER TO EXTENSION
POI NTER TO DOT PATTERNS
POI NTER TO 62 KEV KEVBOARD CODE
POI NTER TO EXT. SCAN TABLE
; ABSOLUTE LOCATI ON OF DATA SEGMENT
ROM BIOS A-3
0000
0000 ao
(
????
0100
0100
0000
0000 04
(
7171
0008 04
(
????
0010 ????
0012
??
0013 ?'???
0015
.,.,..,..,.
0017 ??
=
0040
=
0020
=
0008
=
0004
=
0002
=
0001
0018 1?
=
0080
=
0040
=
0020
=
0010
=
0008
=
0004
=
0002
0019 ??
001A ????
OOIC ????
001E 10
(
1?11
=
0045
=
0046
=
0038
=
0010
=
003A
=
002A
=
0036
=
0052
=
00153
003E 71
003F 11
0040 ??
=
00215
0041 17
=
ooao
=
0040
=
0020
=
0010
=
0009
=
0008
=
0004
=
0003
=
0002
=
0001
0042 07
(
??
=
0020
=
012C
=
OOAF
=
0003
=
0019
=
0004
A-4 ROM BIOS
STACK SEGMENT AT JOH
DW 128 DUpe?)
TOS LABEL WORD
STACK ENDS
ROM BIOS DATA AREAS
DATA SEGMENT AT 40H
RS232_BASE DW 4 DUP (?) ; ADDRESSES OF RS232 ADAPTERS
EQUIP_FLAG
KBD_ERR
MEMORY_SIZE
TRUE_MEM
ow
OW
OB
OW
OW
4 DUpe?) ; ADDRESSES OF PRINTERS
I NSTALLED HARDWARE
COUNT OF KEVBOARD TRANSM I TERRORS
. USABLE MEMORY 5 I ZE INK BYTES
REAL MEMORY SIZE INK BVTES
KEVBOARD DATA AREAS

; -----, SHIFT FLAG EQUATES WITHIN KB_FLAG
CAPS_STATE EgU 40H CAPS LOCK STATE HAS BEEN TOGGLED
NUM_STATE EQU 20H NUM LOCK STATE HAS BEEN TOGGLED
ALT_SHIFT EaU OBH ALTERNATE SHIFT KEY DEPRESSED
eTL_SHIFT EQU 04H CONTROL SHIFT KEY "DEPRESSED
LEFT_SHIFT Eau 02H LEFT SHIFT KEY DEPRESSED
RIGHT_SHIFT Eau 01H RIGHT SHIFT KEY DEPRESSED
KB_FLAG_l DB SECOND BYTE OF KEYBOARD STATUS
INS_SHIFT EQU 80H INSERT KEY IS DEPRESSED
CAPS_SHIFT Eau 40H CAPSLOCK KEY IS DEPRESSED
NUM_SHIFT Eau 20H NUM LOCK" KEY IS DEPRESSED
SCROLL_SHIFT EQU 10H SCROLL LOCK KEY I S DEPRESSED
HOLD_STATE Eau 08H SUSPEND KEY HAS 8EEN TOGGLED
CLICK_ON EQU 04H INDICATES THAT AUDIO FEEDBACK IS
BUFFER_HEAD
BUFFER_ TAl L
ICB_BUFFER
; ------ HEAD
NUM_kEY
SCROLL_KEY
ALT_KEY
CTL_KEY
CAPS_KEY
LEFT_KEY
RIGHTJ<EY
INS_KEY
DEL_KEY
EOU
oa
OW
OW
ow
TAIL
EQU
EOU
EOU
EOU
EOU
EOU
EOU
EOU
EOU
02H
ENABLED
OCURRNCE OF AL T-CTRL-CAPSLOCK HAS
OCCURED
STORAGE FOR ALTERNATE KEYPAD
ENTRY
PO I NTER TO HEAD OF KEYBOARD BUFF
16 DUP(?') BUFF
INDICATES THAT THE BUFFER IS EMPTY
89 SCAN CODE FOR NUMBER LOCK
70 SCROLL LOCK KEY
56 ALTERNATE SHIFT KEY SCAN CODE
29 SCAN CODE FOR CONTROL KEY
58 SCAN CODE FOR SHIFT LOCK
42 ; SCAN CODE FOR LEFT SHI FT
54 ;' SCAN CODE FOR RIGHT SHIFT
82 ; SCAN CODE FOR I NSERT KEY
83 ; SCAN CODE FOR DELETE KEY
DISKETTE DATA AREAS
. ---------------------------------------
SEEK_STATUS DB ? DRIVE RECALIBRATION STATUS
MOTOR_STATUS oa
MOTOR_COUNT OB
MOTOR_WAIT EOU
DISKETTE_STATUS DB
TIME_OUT EQU
BAD_SEEK EOU
BAD_NEC EQU
BAD_CRC EQU
DMA_BOUNDARY EQU
BAD_DMA EQU
RECORD_NOT _FND EOU
WRI TE_PROTECT EQU
BAD_ADDR_MARK EOU
BAD CMD EQU
NEC:STATUS OB
SEEK_END EQU
THRESHOLD EQU
PARMO EQU
PARM! EOU
PARM9 EQU
PARMI0 EQU
?
37
aOH
40H
20H
10H
09H
oaH
04H
03H
02H
01H
7 DUP(7)
20H
300
OAFH
3
25
BIT 0 = DRIVE NEEDS RECAL BEFORE
NEXT SEEK IF BIT IS = 0
MOTOR STATUS
BIT 0 = DRIVE a IS CURRENTLY
RUNNING
TIME OUT COUNTER FOR DRIVE
TURN OFF
2 SECS OF COUNTS FOR MOTOR
TURN OFF
RETURN CODE STATUS BYTE
ATTACHMENT FA I LED TO RESPOND
SEEK OPERATION FAILED
NEC CONTROLLER HAS FAILED
BAD CRC ON 0 I SKETTE READ
ATTEMPT TO DMA ACROSS &4K
BOUNDARY
DKA OVERRUN ON OPERAT I ON
REQUESTED SECTOR NOT FOUND
WRITE ATTEMPTED ON WRITE
PROTECTED DISK
ADDRESS MARK NOT FOUND
BAD COMMAND GIVEN TO DISKETTE 110
STATUS BYTES FROM NEC
NUMBER OF T I MER-O TICKS TILL
ENABLE
PARAMETER a I N THE 0 I SK_PARM
TABLE
PARAMETER 1
PARAMETER 9
PARAMETER 10
0049
??
004A 1771
004C
????
004E ????
0050 08
0060 7777
0062
??
0063 ????
0065
??
0066
??
0067 ????
0069
????
0068
??
006e
????
006E ????
0070
??
0071 ??
0072
????
0074
??
0075 ??
0076
??
0077
??
007B 04
OOlC 04
OOBO ????
0082 ????
0084 ??
0085 ??
00B6 ??
'" OOOF
00B7 ??
00e8 ??
= 0004
=
0080
=
0040
=
0020
=
0010
=
0008
=
0004
=
0002
=
0001
0089 ??
008A
??
OOBB
0000
0000
??
0001
??
0002
????
0004
??
[
????
[
??
[
??
CRT_HaDE
CRT eaLS
CRT:LEN
VIDEO DISPLAY DATA AREA
; CURRENT CRT HaDE
; NUMBER OF COLUMNS ON SCREEN
; LENGTH OF REGEN IN BVTES
CRT START
CURSOR_POSN
DB
DW
DW
DW
DW
; STARTING ADDRESS IN REGEN BUFFER
S DUP ('?) ; CURSOR FOR EACH OF UP TO 8 PAGES
CURSOR_MODE
ACTI VE_PAGE
ADDR_6845
CRT _MODE_SET
CRT _PALLETTE
DW
DB
DW
DB
DB
CASSETTE DATA AREA
EDGE CNT
CRC_REG
LAST_VAL
DW
DW
DB
TI MER DATA AREA
TIHER_LOW
TIMER_HIGH
TIMER_OFL
DW
DW
DB
SYSTEM DATA AREA
BIOS BREAK
RESET_FLAG
DB
DW
CURRENT CURSOR MODE SETTI NG
CURRENT PAGE BEING DISPLAYED
BASE ADDRESS FOR ACTIVE DISPLAY
CARD
CURRENT SETTI NG OF THE
CRT MODE REG I STER
CURRENT PALETTE MASK SETT I NG
; TI ME COUNT AT DATA EDGE
; CRC REGI STER
; LAST I NPUT VALUE
; LOW WORD OF TI MER COUNT
; HIGH WORD OF TIMER COUNT
; TIMER HAS ROLLED OVER SINCE LAST
; READ
; BIT 7=1 IF BREAK KEV HAS BEEN HIT
; WORD= 1234H IF KEVBOARD RESET
; UNDERWAY
EXTRA DISKETTE DATA AREAS
TRACKO
TRACKI
TRACK2
DB
DB
DB
DB
?
PRI NTER AND RS232 TI HE-OUT VARI ABLES
4 DUP(?)
4DUP(?)
ADDITIONAL KEYBOARD DATA AREA
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
BUFFER_END OW
INTR_FLAG DB i FLAG TO INDICATE AN INTERRUPT
; HAPPENED
62 KEV KEVBOARD DATA AREA
CUR CHAR
VAR:OELAV
DELAV_RATE
CUR_FUNC
KB FLAG 2
RANGE -
DB
DB
EQU
DB
DB
EQU
?
OFH
?
CURRENT CHARACTER FOR TVPAMATIC
DETERMINES WHEN INITIAL DELAY IS
OVER
INCREASES INITIAL DELAV
CURRENT FUNCT I ON
3RD BYTE OF KEYBOARD FLAGS
NUMBER OF POSI TI ONS TO SHI FT
DISPLAY
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
FN_BREAK EQU 40H
FN PENDING EGU 20H
FN -LOCK EGU 10H
TYPE OFF EGU OBH
HALF:RATE EGU 04H
INIT_DELAY EGU 02H
PUTCHAR EGU 01H
HORZ_POS DB
PAGDAT
DATA
DB
ENDS
EXTRA DATA AREA
CURRENT VALUE OF HORIZONTAL
START PARM
IMAGE OF DATA WRITTEN TO PAGREG
---------------------------------------
XXDATA SEGMENT
STATUS_BVTE
-i THE FOLLOW I NG
; (POST AND ROM
DCP _MENU_PAGE
DCP _ROW_COL
WRAP_FLAG
AT 50H
DB
AREA 1 S USED
RESI DENT)
DB
DW
DB
ONLY DURING DIAGNOSTICS
TO CURRENT PAGE FOR D I AG. MENU
CURRENT ROW/COLUMN COORD INATES
FOR DIAG MENU
INTERNAL/EXTERNAL 9250 WRAP
INDICATOR
ROM BIOS
0005 ?'?
0006 ????
0008
???.,
OOOA ??7?
OODe 7???
DaDE 7???
0010
??
0011
??
0012 ????
0014 ????
0016 ????
0018 ??
0019 09
[
??
0022 ????
0024
'7"'''''''
0026 ????
0028 ??
0029 ????
0028 ????
002D "''7'''7
002F ????
0031 ????
0033 ????
0035 ????
0037 ????
0039 ????
0038 ????
a03D
0000
0000
??
0001 ??
0002 ??
0003
??
0004
??
0005
??
0006 ??
0007 ??
0008 ??
0009 OB
[
00
00
00
00
=
0200
0029 0200
[
00
0229 0100
[
60
OB
0429 ??
042A ??
042B ??
042C
???.,.
042 ????
0430 ????
0432 ????
0434 ????
0436 ????
0438
.,..,.??
043A ????
043C ????
043E ????
0440 ????
0442 ????
A-6 ROM BIOS
HFG_TST OB ? INITIALIZATION FLAG
MEM_TOT DW ? WORD EQUIV. TO HI GHEST SEGMENT IN
MEMORV
MEM_DONES DW ? CURRENT SEGMENT VALUE FOR
BACKGROUND MEM TEST
ME"_DONEO DW ? CURRENT OFFSET VALUE FOR
BACKGROUND MEM TEST
tNT leo DW ? SAVE AREA FOR INTERRUPT lC
ROUTINE
J NT les DW ?
MENU_UP DB ? FLAG TO INDICATE WHETHER MENU IS
ON SCREEN CFF=YES, O=NO)
00NE128 DB ? COUNTER TO KEEP TRACK OF 128 BYTE
BLOCKS TESTED BY BGMEM
KBDONE DW ? TOTAL K OF MEMORY THAT HAS BEEN
TESTED BY BACKGROUND MEM TEST
; ---------------------------------------
POST DATA AREA
---------------------------------------
iO_ROM_INIT OW ? POINTR TO OPTIONAL 110 ROM INIT
; ROUTINE
10_ROM_SEG OW ? ; POINTER TO 10 ROM 'SEGMENT
POST_ERR DB ? ; FLAG TO INDICATE ERROR OCCURRED
; DURING POST
MODEM_BUFFER DB 9 DUpe?) ; MODEM RESPONSE BUFFER
DW
DW
7
?
SERIAL PRINTER DATA
; (MAX 9 CHARS)
j PO I NTER TO MFG. OUTPUT ROUT I NE
. ---------------------------------------
SP_FLAG OW ?
SP_CHAR DB
NEW_STICK_DATA DW
XXDATA ENDS
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DISKETTE DATA AREA
[)I(DATA SEGMENT AT 601t
NUM_DRIYE
DUAL
OPERATION
DRIVE
TRACK
HEAD
SECTOR
NUM_SECTOR
SEC
; FORMAT 10
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
?
?
?
?
?
?
THE FOLLOWING SIX ENTRIES ARE
DATA PERTAINING TO NEW STICK
RIGHT STICK DELAY
RIGHT BUTTON A DELAY
RIGHT BUTTON B DELAY
LEFT STI CK DELAY
LEFT BUTTON A DELAY
LEFT BUTTON B DELAY
RIGHT STICK LOCATION
UNUSED
UNUSED"
LEFT ST I CK POST I TON
TK_HD_SC DB B DUP(O,O,O,O) iTRACK,HEAD,SECTOR,NUM' OF
; SECTOR
; BUFFER FOR READ AND WRITE OPERATION
OK BUF LEN EGU 512 j 512 BYTES/SECTOR
READ_BUF DB OK_BUF_LEN DUPIO)
DB
; INFO FLAGS
REQUEST_IN DB ?
OK EXISTED DB ?
OK-FLAG DB ?
RAN NUM ow ?
SEED OW
; SPEED TEST VARIABLES
OK_SPEED
TIM 1
TIM=L_l
TI"_2
TIM_L_2
FRACT_H
FRACT_L
PART_CYCLE
WHOLE_CYCLE
HALF_CYCLE
OW ?
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
j SELECTI ON CHARACTER
04404 ??
00445
??
0446
??
0447
??
00448
??
0449
0000
0000 4000 [
??
4000
0000
0000 31 3S 30 34 30 33
3. 20 43 4F 50 52
2E 20 49 42 04D 20
31 3. 38 31 2C 31
3. 3B 33
0018 0149 R
0010 0157 R
OOIF 0160 R
0021 0186 R
0023 01BA R
0025 20 4B 42
0028 OA47 R
002A OA47 R
002C OABB R
002E OA84 R
0030 45 52 52 4F 52
0035 41
0036 42
0037 43
0038 44
0039 4.
003A
4'
0038 47
003C 4B
0030
0030 0378
003F 0278
0041
0041
0041 EF
0042 F7
0043
0043 BO 00
0045 EEi AO
0047 FE CB
0049 E6 10
004B 4 AO
0040 FA
004E 88 108F
0051 BA OOCO
00504 89 0004
0057 OA C4
0059 EE
005A 80 C4 20
0050 E2 Fa
005F 80 AO
0061 E6 F2
0063 SA 03DA
0066 EC
0067 BO 04
0069 EE
006A 80 01
oose EE
; ERROR PARAMETERS
DK_ER_OCCURED DB
09
DK_ER_L2 D9
ERROR HAS OCCURRED
CUSTOMER ERROR LEVEL
SERVI CE ERROR LEVEL
ER STATUS BVTE DB STATUS BYTE RETURN FROM INT 13H
; - LANGUAGE TABLE
LANG_BYTE DB
DKDATA ENDS
VIDEO DISPLAY BUFFER
; PORT 80 TO DETERMI NE WHI CH
; LANGAGE TO USE
VIDEO RAM
- DB
SEGMENT AT OB800H
16384 DUP (?)
ENDS
ROM RES I 0 ENT COD E

ASSUME CS; CODE. OS: ABSO, ES: NOTIH NG, SS: STACK
DB '1504036 COPR_ IBM ; COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Zl DW Ll2 RETURN POI NTERS FOR RTNS CALLED
DW Ll4 BEFORE STACK INITIALIZED
DW
Ll'
DW Ll.
DW L2.
F3. DB <B'
EX_O DW OFFSET EBO
DW OFFSET EBO
DW OFFSET TOTLTPO
EX1 DW OFFSET H01
MESSAGE AREA FOR POST
ERROR PROMPT
HEM ERR DB 'A' ,MEMORY ERROR
KEY-ERR DB'S'; KEYBOARD ERROR MSG
CASS_ERR DB 'c' ; CASSETTE ERROR MESSAGE
COMI ERR DB '0' i ON-BOARD SERIAL PORT ERR. MSG
COM2-ERR DB 'E' ; SERIAL PORTION OF MODEM ERROR
ROM ERR DB 'F' ; OPTIONAL GENERIC BIOS ROM ERROR
CART_ERR DB 'G' ; CARTRIOGE ERROR
DISK_ERR DB 'H' ; DISKETTE ERR
F4E
IMASKS
SETUP
RESET
START:
Ll:
TEST 1
LABEL
DW
DW
LABEL
LA8EL
DB
DB
WORD
378H
278H
WORD
BYTE
OEFH
OF7H
; PR I NTER SOURCE TABLE
I NTERRUPT MASKS FOR 8259
I NTERRUPT CONTROLLER
MODEM I NTR MASK
SERIAL PRINTER INTR MASK
DISABLE NMI, HASKABLE INTS.
SOUND CHIP, AND VIDEO.
TURN DRI VE 0 MOTOR OFF
ASSUME
LABEL
HOV
OUT
DEC
OUT
JN
ell
HOV
MOV
HOV
OR
OUT
ADD
LOOP
HOV
OUT
MOV
JN
HOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
CS: CODE, OS: ABSO, ES: NOTHING, 55: STACK
FAR
AL,O
OAOH, AL 0 I SABLES NMJ
AL SEND FF TO MFG_TESTER
lOH, AL
AL, OAOH
AX, l08FH
OX,OOCOH
CX, -4
AL,AH
OX. AL
AH,20H
Ll
RESET NHI FIF
o I SABLES MASKA8LE t NTERRUPTS
DISABLE ATTENUATION IN SOUND CHIP
REG ADDRESS t N AH, ATTENUATOR OFF
IN AL
ADDRESS OF SOUND CHIP
4 ATTENUATORS TO DISABLE
COMBINE REG ADDRESS AND DATA
POI NT TO NEXT REG
AL, WD_ENABLE+FDC_RESET ; TURN DRIVE a MOTOR OFF.
OF2H. AL
OX, VGA_CTL
AL, OX
AL,4
OX, AL
AL,l
OX, AL
ENABLE TJ MER
VIOEO GATE ARRAY CONTROL
SYNC VGA TO ACCEPT REG
SET VGA RESET REG
SELECT IT
SET ASYNC RESET
RESET VIDEO GATE ARRAY
90B9 PROCESSOR TEST
DESCRIPTION
VERIFY 8088 FLAGS. REGISTERS
AND CONO I TI aNAL JUMPS
MFG. ERROR CODE D001H
ROM BIOS A-7
0060 84 05
006F 9E
0070 73 4C
0072 75 404
0074 78 48
0076 79 46
0078 9F
0079 81 as
0078 02 EC
0070 73 3F
007F BO 40
0081 DO EO
0083 71 3S
0085 32 E4
00B7 9E
OOBB 76 34
OOBA 78 32
OOBC 7A 30
008E 9F
ooaF 81 05
0091 02 EC
0093 72 29
0095 DO E4
0097 70 25
0099 SB FFFF
009C F9
0090 BE DB
009F BC DB
OOAl 8E C3
00A3 BC Cl
00A5 BE 01
00A7 BC 02
00A9 B9 E2
00A8 88 EC
OOAO 88 F5
OOAF 88 FE
OOBl 73 07
00B3 33 C7
00B5 75 07
00B7 F8
00B8 EB E3
OOBA 08 C7
OOBC 74 OC
OOBE BA 0010
OOCl 80 00
00C3 EE
00C4 42
00C5 EE
00C6 FE CO
00C8 EE
00C9 F4
DOC A
OOCA 80 FE
OOCC E6 10
OOCE 80 89
0000 E6 63
0002 28 CO
0004 804 C4
0006 E6 60
0008 E4 60
OOOA E6 61
OODC E4 61
DaDE 3A C4
OOEO 75 06
00E2 FE C4
00E4 75 EE
00E6 EB 05
OOEB 83 02
OOEA E9 09Be R
OOED 32 CO
OOEF E6 60
OaF 1 E4 62
00F3 24 08
00F5 80 18
00F7 75 02
00F9 BO 3F
OOFB 804 03DF
OOFE EE
OOFF BO 00
0101 E6 61
A-8 ROM BIOS
L2:
L3:
MOV AH, ODSH
SAHF
JNS
LAHF
MOV
SHR
JNC
MOV
SHL
JNO
XOR
SAHF
JBE
L4
L4
L4
L4
CL,5
AH, CL
L4
AL,40H
AL,l
L4
AH, AM
L4
SET SF, CF, ZF, AND AF FLAGS ON
GO TO ERR ROUT! NE IF CF
GO TO ERR ROUTl NE IF ZF
GO TO ERR ROUT! NE IF PF
GO TO ERR ROUTt NE I F SF
LOAD FLAG I MAGE TO AH
NOT SET
NOT SET
NOT SET
NOT SET
LOAD CNT REG WITH SHI FT CNT
SHI FT AF INTO CARRV BI T POS
GO TO ERR ROUTt NE IF AF NOT SET
SET THE OF FLAG ON
SETUP FOR TEST I NG
GO TO ERR ROUTI NE I F OF NOT SET
SET AH = 0
CLEAR SF, CF, ZF, AND PF
GO TO ERR ROUTINE IF CF ON
GO TO ERR ROUTINE IF ZF ON
.JS L4 GO TO ERR ROUTINE IF SF ON
.JP L4 GO TO ERR ROUTINE IF PF ON
LAHF LOAD FLAG I MAGE TO AH
MOV CL,5 LOAD CNT REG WI TH SHI FT CNT
SHR AH,CL SHIFT 'AF' INTO CARRV BIT POS
.JC L4 GO TO ERR ROUTI NE I F ON
SHL AH, 1 CHECK THAT 'OF' I S CLEAR
.JO L4 , GO TO ERR ROUT! NE I F ON
READ/WRI TE THE 808B GENERAL AND SEGHENTATION REGI STERS
WITH ALL ONE'S AND ZEROES'S.
MOV AX,OFFFFH SETUP ONE'S PATTERN IN AX
STC
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
JNC
XOR
JNZ
CLC
JMP
OR
JZ
MOV
MOV
OUT
[NC
OUT
[NC
OUT
HLT
OS, AX
BX, OS
ES,BX
CX, ES
55, CX
OX, S5
SP, OX
BP,SP
SI, BP
01,51
L3
AX, OJ
L4
L2
AX, 0 I
L5
OX,0010H
AL,O
OX, AL
OX
OX,AL
AL
OX, AL
; WRI TE PATTERN TO ALL REGS
PATTERN HAKE IT THRU ALL REGS
NO - GO TO ERR ROUTI NE
ZERO PATTERN MAKE IT THRU?
YES - GO TO NEXT TEST
HANDLE ERROR
ERROR 0001
; HALT
TEST 2
8255 I N I TI ALI ZA TI ON AND TEST
DESCRIPTION
FIRST INITIALIZE 8255 PROG
PERI PHERAL 1 NTERFACE. PORTS A&B
ARE LATCHED OUTPUT
BUFFERS. C IS INPUT.
MFG. ERR. CODE =0002H
L6:
L7:
L9:
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
SUB
MOV
OUT
[N
OUT
[N
CMP
JNE
[NC
JNZ
JMP
MOV
JMP
XOR
OUT
[N
AND
MOV
JNZ
MOV
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
AL,OFEH
10H,AL
AL, MOOE_8255
CMO_PORT, AL
AX, AX
AL,AH
PORT_A, AL
AL, PORT_A
PORT_B, AL
AL, PORT_B
AL, AH
L7
AH
L6
SHORT La
BL, 02H
E MSG
AL,AL
KBPORT, AL
Al, PORT_C
AL, 0000 10008
AL, 18H
L.
AL,3FH
OX, PAGREG
DX,AL
AL,000011018
PORT_B, Al
SEND FE TO MFG
CONFIGURES I/O PORTS
TEST PATTERN SEED = 0000
WRITE PATTERN TO PORT A
READ PATTERN FROM PORT A
WRITE PATTERN TO PORT B
READ OUTPUT PORT
DATA AS EXPECTED?
IF NOT, SOMETHING IS WRONG
MAKE NEW DATA PATTERN
LOOP TILL 255 PATTERNS DONE
CONTINUE IF DONE
SET ERROR FLAG (BH=OO NOW'
GO ERROR ROUTI NE
CLEAR KB PORT
64K CARD PRESENT?
PORT SETT! NG FOR 64K SYS
PORT SETTI NG FOR 12BK SYS
INITIALIZE OUTPUT PORTS
0103
0105
0107
010A
0100
0111
0113
0115
0116
0117
0119
011C
0110
011E
OHF
0121
0124
0125
0128
012A
012C
0120
012F
0130
0132
0134
0136
0138
013A
013C
013E
0140
0143
0146
0149
014B
014E
0151
0154
0157
0159
015C
015F
015F
0161
0163
0166
016B
016A
0160
016F
0171
0173
0176
0178
017A
0170
017F
0181
0183
01B6
80 FD
E6 10
SA 0304
BB FOA4 R
89 0010 90
32 E4
SA C4
EE
42
FE C4
2E: SA 07
EE
43
4A
E2 F2
SA 030A
EC
89 0005
32 E4
8A C4
EE
32 CO
EE
FE C4
E2 F6
BO FC
E6 10
33 F6
8C CB
BE 00
BE DB
B9 8000
BC 001B R
E9 FEEB R
74 OS
BB 0003
E. 09BC R
B. BODO
E9 FEES R
74 06
BS 0004
E9 ogse R
80 Fe
E6 10
89 0400
:33 CO
BE CO
9 0959 R
75 19
BO FA
6 10
89 0400
E4 SO
3C IS
88 OFao
74 02
84 IF
BE CO
E9 OB59 R
74 23
PART 3
LID:
SET UP VIDEO GATE ARRAY AND 6845 TO GET MEMORY WORKING
MOV,
OUT
"OV
"OV
MOV
XOR
MOV
OUT
INC
INC
HOV
OUT
INC
DEC
LOOP
AL,OFOH
10H, Al
DX,0304H
SX, OFFSET
CX,M0040
AH,AH
AL,AH
OX, AL
DX
AH
AL, CS [BX)
DX, AL
BX
DX
LlO
; SET ADDRESS OF 6845
VIDEO_PARMS j POINT TO 6B45 PARI1S
SET PARM LEN
AH I S REG #
GET 6845 REG #
POINT TO DATA PORT
NEXT REG VALUE
GET TABLE VALUE
OUT TO CHI P
NEXT IN TABLE
BACK TO PO I NTER REG
START VGA
"OV
WITHOUT VIDEO
DX, VGA_CTL
AL, DX
ENABLED
SET ADDRESS OF VGA
ll1:
TEST 4
IN
"OV
XOR
MOV
OUT
XOR
OUT
INC
LOOP
CX,5
AH,AH
AL,AH
DX, AL
AL,AL
OX, AL
AH
Lll
BE SURE ADDR/DATA FLAG IS
IN THE PROPER SlATE
# OF REG I STERS
AH I S REG COUNTER
GET REG I
SELECT IT
SET ZERO FOR OAT A
NEXT REG
PLANAR BOARD RDS CHECKSUM TEST
DESCRIPTION
A CHECKSUM TEST I S DONE FOR EACH RDS
MODULE ON THE PLANAR BOARD TO.
MFG ERROR CODE ;;;0003H MODULE AT ADDRESS
FOOD: 0000 ERROR
MOV AL,OFCH
OUT 10H, AL
0004H MODULE AT ADDRESS
FBOO: 0000 ERROR
; MFG OUT=FC
; CHECK MODULE AT FOOD: 0 (LENGTH 32K)
L12
L13
L14:
L15:
TEST 5
XOR 51,51
MOV
MOV
MOV
"OV
"OV
""P
R
"OV
""P
MOV
""P
"Z
MOV
""P
AX,CS
SS,AX
OS, AX
CX,8000H
SP, OFFSET Z 1
ROS_CHECKSUM
LI3
BX,0003H
E MSG
CX, BOOOH
RDS_CHECKSUM
LIS
BX,0004H
E_MSG
INDEX OFFSET WITHIN SEGMENT OF
FI RST BYTE
SET UP STACK SEGMENT
LOAD OS WI TH SEGMENT OF ADDRESS
SPACE OF BIOS/BASIC
NUMBER OF BYTES TO BE TESTED, 32t<
SET UP STACK POINTER 50 THAT
RETURN WI LL COME HERE
JUMP TO ROUTINE WHICK PERFORMS
CRC CHECK
MODULE AT FOOO: 0 OK, GO CHECK
OTHER MODULE AT FOOO: BODO
SET ERROR CODE
INDICATE ERROR
LOAD COUNT CSI POINTING TO S'TART
OF NEXT MODULE AT THIS POINT>
PROCEED I F NO ERROR
INDICATE ERROR
BASE 2K READ/WRITE STORAGE TEST
DESCRIPTION
WRITE/READ/VERIFY DATA PATTERNS
AA,55, AND 00 TO 1ST 2K OF STORAGE
AND THE 2K JUST BELOW 64K (CRT BUFFER)
VERI FV STORAGE ADDRESSABILI TV.
ON EXIT SET CRT PAGE TO 3. SET
TEMPORARY STACK ALSO.
MFG. ERROR CODE 04XX FOR SYSTEM BOARD MEM.
05XX FOR 64K AlTRIB. CD. MEM
06XX FOR ERRORS I N BOTH
(XX:::: ERROR BITS)
"OV
AL,OFBH
OUT 10H, AL SET MFG FLAG=FB
MOV CX,0400H SET FOR 1K WORDS,
XOR AX, AX
MOV E5, AX LOAD ES WI TH 0000
""P
PODSTG
LIG: "NZ L20 BAD STORAGE FOUNO
MOV AL,OFAH MFG OUT=FA
OUT 10H, AL
2K BYTES
SEGMENT
MOV CX,400H 1024 WORDS TO BE TESTED IN THE
REGEN BUFFER
IN AL, PORT_A WHERE I S THE REGEN BUFFER?
eMP AL, ISH TOP OF 64K?
MOV AX, DF80H SET POINTER TO THERE IF IT IS
"E
LIB
"OV
AH,lFH OR SET POI NTER TO TOP OF 128K
LIS: MOV ES, AX
"MP
POOSTG
L19:
"Z
L23
ROM BIOS A-9
0188
018A
018C
018E
0190
0192
0194
0196
0199
0198
0190
019F
alAI
01A4
01A6
01A8
01AB
01AD
OlAF
0182
87 04
E4 62
24 08
74 06
SA 09
OA DD
EB 12
80 FC 02
SA 09
74 08
FE C7
OA DD
80 Fe 01
74 02
FE C7
E9 09BC R
80 F9
E6 10
99 0400
98 BB80
01B5 BE co
01B7 E9 OB59 R
018A 74 06
01BC BB 0005
01BF E9 09BC R
01C2 BB 0030
01C5 8E 00
01C7 BC 0100 R
01CA 33 CO
01CC 8E 08
DICE C1 06 0462 R 0007
0104 BS 0040
0107 E4 62
0109 24 08
aiDS 80 18
DIDO 75 05
01DF 83 C3 40
01E2 BO 3F
01E4 89 IE 0415 R
01E8 A2 048A R
01E8 BB ---- R
alEE BE DB
01FO CS 06 0005 R FB
01F5 E8 E608 R
01F8 C7 06 0022 R OA61 R
OlFE BC CB
0200 A3 0024 R
0203 88 0000
0206 8E 08
0208 89 OOFF
020B 28 FF
0200 BE C7
020F B8 F815 R
0212 .B
0213 BC CB
0215 .B
0216 E2 F7
0219 C7 06 0124 R 1090 R
021E OF 0040 R
0221 OE
0222 lF
0223 BE FF03 R
0226 89 0010
0229 .5
022A .7
022S .7
022C E2 FS
022E SF 0200
0231 BE 4000
0234 89 0010
0237 .5
A-tO ROM BIOS
L20: MOV BH,04H ERROR 04
IN
.ND
JZ
HOY
OR
JHP
AL, PORT_C
AL, 0000 1000B
L21
8L,CL
BL, CH
GET CONFIG BI T5
TEST FOR ATTRIB CARD PRESENT
WORRY ABOUT ODD/EVEN IF IT 15
COI1BINE ERROR BITS IF IT ISN'T
L2l; eMP
SHORT L22
AH,02 EVEN BYTE ERROR? ERR 04X)(
HOY
JE
INC
OR
CHP
JE
INC
BL, CL
L22
BH
BL, CH
AH,l
L22
BH
MAKE INTO 05XX ERR
MOVE AND POSS I BL Y COM8 I NE
ERROR BITS
000 BYTE ERROR
MUST HAVE SEEN BOTH
- MAKE INTO OGXX
L22: JMP E I1SG ; JUMP TO ERROR OUTPUT ROUTI NE
ADDRESS PATH , RETEST HI GH 2K USING B8000
AL, OF9H L23: MOV MFG OUT =F9
L24:
L2S:
OUT
HOY
HOY
10H, AL
CX, 0400H
AX,OBS80H
MOV ES, AX
JMP PODSTG
JZ L25
MOV BX, 0005H
JMP E MSG
SETUP STACK SEG AND SP
MOV AX, 0030H
MaY SS, AX
MaY SP, OFFSET TOS
XOR AX, AX
HOV OS, AX
SETUP CRT PAGE
lK WORDS
POINT TO AREA JUST TESTED WITH
01 REeT ADDRESSI NG
ERROR 0005
GET STACK VALUE
SET THE STACK UP
STACK IS READV TO GO
SET UP DATA SEC
MOY oATA_WORD[ACTIVE_PAGE-DATA1,07
SET PREL I M I NARY I1EI10RY 5 I ZE WORD
MOV BX,64
IN AL, PORT_C
AND AL, 08H 64K CARD PRESENT?
MaY AL, IBH PORT SETTI NG FOR 64K SYSTEM
.JNZ L26 SET TO 64K J F NOT
ADD ex, 64 ELSE SET FOR 128K
HOV AL,3FH PORT SETTING FOR 128K SYSTEM
MOV DATA_WORD [TRUE_MEM-DAT Al, BX
MOY DATA_AREA[PAGOAT-DATA1, AL
PART 6
INTERRUPTS
OEseR I PTI ON
03:
, SET
04:
32 INTERRUPTS ARE INITIALIZED TO POINT TO A
DUMMV HANDLER. THE 810S I NTERRUPTS ARE LOADED
01 AGNOSTI C I NTERRUPTS ARE LOADED
SVSTEI1 CONFIGURATION WORD IS PUT IN MEMORY.
THE DUMMY INTERRUPT HANDLER RESIDES HERE.
ASSUME
HOY
HOV
HOV
CALL
HOY
HOY
HOV
ASSUME
HOY
HOY
SET UP
HOY
SUB
HOY
HOY
STOSW
HOY
STOSW
LOOP
HOY
UP BIOS
HOY
PUSH
POP
HOV
HOV
MOVSW
OS: XXDATA
AX, XXOAT'A
OS,AX
MFG_TST,OF8H SET UP MFC CHECKPOINT FROM THIS
; POINT
MFG_UP ; UPDATE HFC CHECKPO I NT
MFC_RTN, OFFSET MFG_OUT
AX,CS
HFG_RTN+2, AX
CS: CODE, OS: ABSO
AX,O
OS, AX
SET OOUBLEWORD POI NTER TO MFG.
ERROR OUTPUT ROUTl NE SO 0 lAGS.
DON'T HAVE TO DUPLICATE CODE
THE INTERRUPT
CX,255
VECTORS TO TEMP INTERRUPT
FILL ALL INTERRUPTS
01,01
ES,DI
AX, OFFSET 011
AX, CS
FIRSt IN1ERRUPT LOCATION IS 0000
SET ES=OOOO ALSO
HOYE ADDR OF I NTR PROC TO TSL
GET ADOR OF INTR PROC SEG
03 ; VECTBLO
EXST, OFFSET EXT AS SET UP EXT. seAN TABLE
INTERRUPTS
DI,OFFSET YIDEO_INT ; SET UP VIDEO INT
CS
DS i PLACE CS IN OS
SI, OFFSET YECTOR_TABLE+16
ex, 16
MOVE I NTERRUPT VECTOR TO LOW
MEMORV
INC 01
INC 0 I POI NT TO NEXT YECTOR ENTRY
LOOP 04 REPEAT FOR ALL 16 BIOS INTERRUPTS
; SET UP 0 I AGNOSTI C INTERRUPTS
MOY DI,0200H , START WITH INT. 80H
MOV SI,DIAG_TA8LE_PTR; POINT TO ENTRY POINT TABLE
MOY ex, 16 16 ENTRI ES
05: MOYSW ; "OYE I NTERRUPT VECTOR TO LOW
i MEMORV
0238 47
0239 47
023A E2 Fe
023C 8 09
023E C7 06 .0204 R 1863 R
0244 C7 06 0208 R lA2A R
024A C7 0& 0224.R 18A5 R
0250 BS 1118
0253 4 62
0255 24 <IS
0257 7.., 03
0259 80 CS 04
021SC 89 IE 0410 R
0260 EB E6D8 R
0263 SO 13
02&5 E6 20
0267 BO 08
0289 E8 21
0268 8009
0260 E6 21
oaaF 8000
0271 8A DB
0273 E6 21
0275 E4 21
0277 OA CO
0279 75 IS
0278 BO FF
0210 E6 21
027F E4 21
0281 04 01
0283 750E
0285 FB
0286 89 0050
0289 E2 FE
0288 8A IE 0484 R
028F OA 08
0291 14 05
0293 B7 07
0295 E9 OS8C R
0298
0298 80 EO
029A 6 Fa
029C BO AD
029 6 Fa
01
01 ; PO I NT TO NEXT VECTOR ENTRY
D5 ; RPEAT FOR ALL 16 BIOS INTERRUPTS
DS, CX ; SET OS TO ZERO
INT81, OFFSET LOCATE I
INT82, OFFSET PRNT3
I NTB9, OFFSET .JOVST I CK
----- SET UP DEFAULT EQUIPMENT DETERMINATION WORD
BIT 15,14 = NUMBER OF PRINTERS ATTACHED
BIT 13 = 1 = SERIAL PRINTER PRESENT
055:
BIT 12 = GAME 110 ATTACHED
BI Til, 10,9 = NUMBER OF RS232 CARDS ATTACHED
BI T 8 = OMA (O=DMA PRESENT, l:NQ OMA ON SVSTEM
BIT 7,6 = NUMBER OF DISKETTE DRIVES
00=1, 01=2, 10'=3, 11=4 ONLV IF BIT 0 = 1
BIT 5,4 = INITIAL vrDEO MODE
00 - UNUSED
01 - 40X25 aw us I NG COLOR CARD
10 - aOX2!5 aw USING CDL-oR CARD
11 - 80X25 BW US I NG BW CARD
BIT 3, 2 = PLANAR RAM SIZE (10=48K, 11=64K)
BIT 1 NOT USED
81T 0 = 1 CIPL DISKETTE INSTALLED)
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:ABSO
MOY BX,l118H ; DEFAULT GAMEIO, 40X25. NO DMA,4SK ON
IN
AND
JNZ
OR
MOY
PLANAR
AL,PORT_C
AL,OSH ; 6<4K CARD PRESENT
055 ; NO, JUMP
8L,4 ; SET 64K ON PLANAR
DATA_WORDCEQut P _FLAC-OATAl, SX
; --------------------------------------------------------------
TEST 7
; INITIALIZE AND TEST THE 8259 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER CHIP
; MFG ERR. CODE 07XX CXX=OO. 'OATA PATH OR INERNAL FAILURE,
XX=ANV OTHER 91 T5 ON=UNEPECTED INTERRUPTS
CALL
ASSUME
MOY
"FG_UP ; MFG CODE=F7
os: ABSO, CS: CODE
AL,13H ; ICWI - RESET EDGE SENSE CIRCUIT,
OUT
MOY
<lUT
MOY
; SET SINGLE B259 CHIP AND ICW4 READ
INTAOO,AL
AL,8 I CW2 - SET INTERRUPT TVPE 8 (9-F)
INTAOl, AL
AL,9 I CW4 - SET BUFFERED MODE/SLAVE
AND B086 MODE
OUT INTAOl,AL
TES:r AStLlTV TO WRITE/READ THE MASK REGISTER
MOY
.... Y
OUT
IN
OR
JNZ
MOY
OUT
IN
400
JNZ
AL, a
BL,AL
INTA01,AL
AL,INTA01
AL,AL
GERROR
AL,OFFH
INTAOl, AL
AL.INTA01
AL,1
GERROR
CHECK FOR HOT INTERRUPTS
WRITE ZEROES TO IMR
"PRESET ERROR INDICATOR
DEVICE INTERRUPTS ENABLED
READ IMR
IMR = O?
NO - GO TO ERROR 'ROUT I NE
DISABLE DEVICE INTERRUPTS
WRt TE ONES TO I MR
READ IMR
ALL IMR BITS ON?
CADD SHOULD PRODUCE 0)
NO - GO TO ERROR ROUT I NE
INTERRUPTS ARE MASKED OFF. NO INTERRUPTS SHOULD OCCUR.
ST I ; ENABLE EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
MOV .ex, SOH
HOT 1; LOOP HOT 1 ; WAI T FOR ANY INTERRUPTS
MOV BL,OATA_AREA[INTR_FLAG.-OATA1; DID ANY INTERRUPTS
OCCUR?
NO - GO TO NEXT TEST
OR
JZ
GERROR: MOV
JMP
END_TESTG:
BL,BL
END_TESTG
BH,07H
E_NSG
SET 07 SECT I ON OF ERROR MSCii
FIRE THE DISKETTE WATCHDOG TIMER
HOV AL, WD_ENABLE+WO_STROBE+F-OC_RESET
OUT OF2H, AL
MOV AL, WD_ENABLE+FDC_RESET
OUT OF2H, AL
. ASSUME CS: CODE, OS: ABBO
8253 T I MER CHECKOUT
DESCRIPTION
VERlrV THAT THE TIMERS (0, 1, AND 2) FUNCTION PROPERLV.
THIS INCLUDES CHECKING FOR STUCK BITS IN ALL THE TIMERS,
THAT TIMER 1 RESPONDS TO TIMER 0 OUTPUTS, THAT TIMER 0
INTERRUPTS WHEN IT SHOULD, AND THAT TIMER 2'5 OUTPUT WORKS
AS I T SHOULD.
THERE ARE 7 POSSIBLE ERRORS DURING THIS CHECKOUT.
BL YA:LUES FOR THE CALL TO E_MSG INCLUDE:
0) STUCK BITS IN TIMER 0
1) TIMER 1 DOES NOT RESPOND TO T I MER 0 OUTPUT
2) TIMER 0 INTERRUPT DOES NOT OCCUR
3) STUCK BITS IN TIMER 1
4) TIMER 2 OUTPUT INITIAL YALUE IS NOT LOW
IU STUCK BITS IN TIMER 2
6) TJMER 2 OUTPUT DOES NOT GO HIGH ON TERMINAL COUNT
ROM BIOS A-ll
02AO E8 EGD8 R
02A3 88 0176
02A6 BS FFFF
02A9 EB FFEO R
02AC 88 0036
02AF E8 FFEO R
0282 BO 20
0284 E6 AO
0286 B. 00
0288 E8 036C R
0289 73 05
0290 B3 00
028F E9 0362 R
02C2
02C2 E4 41
02C4 8A EO
02C6 E4 41
02C8 3D FFFF
02C8 75 05
02CO B3 01
02CF E9 0362 R
0202
0202 FB
0203 E. 21
0205 2. FE
0207 20 06 0484 R
0208 E6 21
0200 B9 FFFF
02EO
02EO F6 OS 0484 R 01
02E5 75 OS
02E7 E2 F7
02E9 83 02
02EB EB 75
02EO
02EO FA
02EE 8A 0201
02F 1 Ee
02F2 2. FO
02F4 3e 10
02FS 74 04
02FB OA CO
02FA 75 11
02FC C7 06 0020 R 1880 R
0302 e7 06 0070 R 1880 R
0308 BO FE
030A E6 21
030e FB
0300 80 00
030F E6 AO
0311 84 01
0313 E8 036C R
0316 73 04
0318 83 03
031A E8 46
031C
031C B8 0286
031F BB FFFF
0322 E8 FFEO R
0325 E. 61
0327 oe 01
0329 E6 61
A-12 ROM BIOS
INITIALIZE TIMER 1 AND TIMER 0 FOR TEST
CALL
MOV
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
MFG_UP
AX, 0176H
8X,OFFFFH
INIT_TlMER
AX,0036H
MFG CKPO I NT=F6
SET TIMER 1 TO MODE 3 BINARY
INITIAL COUNT OF FFFF
INITIALIZE TIMER 1
SET TIMER 0 TO MODE 3 BINARY
I N IT I AL COUNT OF FFFF
INITIALIZE TIMER 0
SET BIT 5 OF PORT AD SO TI MER 1 CLOCK WI LL BE PULSED BY THE
TIMER 0 OUTPUT RATHER THAN THE SYSTEM CLOCK.
MOV AL,00100000B
OUT OAOH, AL
CHECK IF ALL BITS GO ON AND OFF IN TIMER 0 (CHECK FOR STUCK
BITS)
MOV
CALL
JN8
MOV
JMP
AH,O
B I TS_ON_OFF
TIMERl NZ
BL,O -
T I MER_ERROR
; TIMER 0
; LET SUBROUTI NE CHECK IT
; NO STUCK BITS (CARRY FLAG NOT SET)
i STUCK BITS IN TIMER 0
SINCE TIMER 0 HAS COMPLETED AT LEAST ONE COMPLETE CYCLE,
TIMER 1 SHOULD BE NON-ZERO. CHECK THAT THIS IS THE CASE.
TIMER1_NZ,
IN
MOV
IN
eMP
JNE
"OV
JMP
AL, TIMER+l
AH, AL
AL. TIMER+ 1
AX,OFFFFH
TI MERO_I NTR
BL,l
T I MER_ERROR
READ LSB OF T I MER 1
SAVE LS8
READ 1158 OF T I MER 1
STI LL FFFF?
NO - Tl MER 1 HAS BEEN BUMPED
TI MER 1 WAS NOT BUMPED BY T I MER 0
CHECK FOR T I MER 0 INTERRUPT
STI
IN
AND
AND
OUT
MOV
; ENABLE MASK ABLE EXT INTERRUPTS
AL,INTAOl
AL,OFEH ; MASK ALL I NTR5 EXCEPT LVL 0
DATA_AREAUNTR_FLAG-OATA1, AL ; CLEAR INT RECEIVED
INTA01,AL ; WRITE THE 8259 IMR
CX,OFFFFH ; SET LOOP COUNT
WAIT_INTR LOOP:
TEST
JNE
LOOP
MOV
JMP
DATA_AREAE INTR_FLAG-DATA1, 1 ; TIMER OINT OCCUR?
RESET _I NTRS ; YES - CONT I NUE
WAIT_INTR_LOOP ; WAIT FOR INTR FOR SPECIFIED TIME
BL,2 ; TIMER 0 INTR DIDN'T OCCUR
SHORT TI MER_ERROR
HOUSEKEEP I NG FOR T I MER 0 INTERRUPTS
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
RESET _I NTRS
eLI
; SET TIMER
MOV
IN
AND
eMP
JE
OR
JNZ
06: MOV
MOV
MOV
OUT
STI
INT. TO POINT TO MFG HEARTBEAT ROUTINE IF IN MFG MODE
DX,201H
AL,DX GET MFG BITS
AL, OFOH
AL,10H SYS TEST MODE?
06
OR BURN-IN MODE
INT_PTR, OFFSET MFG_TICK ; SET TO POINT TO MFG.
; ROUTINE
INTIC_PTR,OFFSET MFG_TICK ; ALSO SET USER TIMER tNT
i FOR DIAGS. USE
AL,OFEH
I NTAO 1, AL
RESET D5 OF PORT AO SO THAT THE TI MER 1 CLOCK WI LL BE
PULSED BY THE SYSTEM CLOCK.
OUT
AL,O
OAOH, AL
; MAKE AL = 00
CHECK FOR STUCK BITS INTI MER 1
MOV AH, 1 TI MER 1
CALL 8 I T S ~ O N _ O
JNB TIMER2_INIT ; NO STUCK BITS
HOY BL,3 i STUCK 8ITS IN TIMER 1
JMP SHORT T I MER_ERROR
INITIALIZE TIMER 2
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
TIMER2_INIT:
MOV
MOV
CALL
AX,0286H
BX,OFFFFH
tNI T_TIMER
i SET TI MER 2 TO MODE 3 BI NARY
j INITIAL COUNT
SET PBO OF PORT_B OF 8255 (TIMER 2 GATE)
IN
OR
OUT
AL, PORT_B
AL, 000000018
PORT_B, AL
, CURRENT STATUS
; SET BI T 0 - LEAVE OTHERS ALONE
032B 84 02
0320 EB 036C R
0330 73 04
0332 93 05
0334 Ee 2C
0336
0336 E. 61
0338 2. FE
033A E6 61
033C Be 02BO
033F Be OOOA
0342 E8 FFEO R
0345 E. 62
0347 2. 20
0349 7. 04
034B B3 04
034D EB 13
034F E. 61
0351 OC 01
0353 E6 61
0355 B9 DaDA
0358 E2 FE
035A E. 62
035C 2. 20
035E 75 57
0360 B3 06
0362
0362 87 08
0364 EB 09BC R
0367 EB 4E
0369
0369 00
036A 40
036B 80
036C
036C 33 DB
036E 33 F6
0370 SA 0040
0373 02 04
0375 BF 0369 R
037B 32 CO
037A 86 C4
037C 03 F8
037E
037E
0381
03Bl
0382
0385
0385
039B
038A
038B
03BC
0380
B9 0009
51
B9 FFFF
2E: 8A 05
E6 43
50
58
EC
OB F6
03BF 75 00
DC 01
OA 08
EC
0391
0393
0395
0396
0398
039C
OA
81
EB
F8
FB FFFF
07
CHECK FOR STUCK BITS IN TJ MER 2
HOV
CALL
JNB
HOV
JHP
AH,2 TIMER 2
Bl TS_ON_OFF
REiNIT T2 ; NO STUCK BITS
BL,S - ; STUCK BITS IN TJMER 2
SHORT T I MER_ERROR
RE_INITIALIZE TIMER 2 WITH MODE 0 AND A SHORT COUNT
k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
; DROP-GATE TO TI MER 2
IN AL, PORT_B CURRENT STATUS
AND AL,l11111108 RESET BIT 0 - LEAVE OTHERS ALONE
OUT PORT _8, AL
MOV AX,02BOH SET TIMER 2 TO MODE 0 BINARY
MOV ex, DOOAH I NI TJ AL COUNT OF 10
CALL I NI T _TI MER
CHECK PCS OF PORT C OF 8255 TO SEE I F THE OUTPUT OF T I MER 2
IS LOW -
IN AL, PORT C ; CURRENT STATUS
AND AL,OOlO'OOOOB ; MASK OFF OTHER BI TS
..JZ CK2_0N IT'S LOW
MOV BL,4 ; pe5 OF PORT _C WAS HI GH WHEN IT
JMP SHORT TJ MER_ERROR ; SHOULD HAVE BEEN LOW
; TURN GATE BACK ON
CK2_0N: IN AL, PORT_B ; CURRENT STATUS
OR AL,OOOOOOOlB ; SET BIT a - LEAVE OTHERS ALONE
OUT PORT_B,AL
CHECK PCS OF PORT C TO SEE IF THE OUTPUT OF TJ MER 2 GOES
HIGH -
HOV
CK2_LO: LOOP
IN
AND
JNZ
HOV
CX,OOOAH
CK2 LO
Al, PORT_C
WAI T FOR OUTPUT GO HI GH, SHOULD
BE LONGER THAN INITIAL COUNT
CURRENT STATUS
MASK OFF ALL OTHER BI TS
IT'S HIGH - WE'RE DONE!
AL, 00 100000B
POD 13 END
BL.S - TIMER 2 OUTPUT DID NOT GO HIGH
8253 Tl MER ERROR OCCURRED SET BH WI TH MAJOR ERROR
INDICATOR AND CALL E MSG TO INFORM THE SYSTEM OF THE ERROR
(BL ALREADY CONTAINS-THE MINOR ERROR INDICATOR TO TELL
WHICl-I PART OF TI-IE TEST FAILED. 1
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
MOV BH,9 ; TIMER ERROR INDICATOR
CALL E_HSG
JMP SHORT POD 13_END
BITS ON/OFF SUBROUTINE - USED FOR DETERMINING IF A
PARTICULAR TIMER'S BITS GO ON AND OFF AS THEY SHOULD.
THIS ROUTINE ASSUMES THAT THE TIMER IS USING BOTH THE LS8
AND THE HS8.
CALL I NG PARAMETER:
(AH) TIMER NUMBER (0, 1, OR 21
RETURNS:
(CF) = 1 IF FAILED
(CFI = 0 IF PASSED
REGISTERS AX, 8X, ex, DX, 01, AND 51 ARE ALTERED.
L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
;
DB OOH LATCH MASK FOR TI MER 0
DB 40H LATCH MASK FOR TIMER 1
DB 80H LATCH MASK FOR TIMER 2
PROC NEAR
eX.BX
51,51
I NI TI ALI ZE ex REGI STER
1ST PASS - 51 = 0
BITS_ON_OFF
XOR
XOR
HOV
ADD
MOV
XOR
XCHG
ADD
OX, TIMER
Dl, AH
BASE PORT ADDRESS FOR TIMERS
; 1ST PASS -
; 2ND PASS -
OUTER_LOOP:
HOV
INNER_LOOP:
PUSH
HOV
TST BITS:
- MOV
OUT
PUSH
POP
IN
OR
JNE
OR
OR
IN
OR
CHP
JHP
o I, OFFSET
AL. AL
LATCI-IES SELECT LATCH MASK
Al. AH
01, AX
CHECKS FOR ALL
CHECKS FOR ALL
CX, B
CX
CX,OFFFFH
AL. CS: [01]
TIM_CTL, AL
AX
AX
AL, OX
51.51
SECOND
AL.01H
Bl. AL
Al, OX
BH. AL
; CLEAR AL
; AH -) AL
; TIMER LATCH MASK INDEX
8lTS TO COME ON
BITS TO GO OFF
OUTER LOOP COUNTER
SAVE OUTER LOOP COUNTER
1 NNER LOOP COUNTER
TIMER LATCH MASK
LATCH TIMER
PAUSE
READ T I MER LS8
SECOND PASS
TURN LS B IT ON
TURN 'ON' BITS ON
READ TI MER MSB
TURN 'ON' BITS ON
ax, OFFFFH
SHORT TST_CMP
ARE ALL TIMER BITS ON?
DON'T CHANGE.'FLAGS
ROM BIOS A-13
039E
039E 22 DB
03AO EC
03A1 22 F8
03A3 09 D9
03A5
03A5 74 07
03A7 E2 DC
03A9 59
03AA E2 05
03AC F9
03AD C3
03AE.
03AE 59
03AF 46
03BO 83 FE 02
0393
75 C9
03B5 F8
0386 C3
0397
0387
= AOAC
= "tso
= 00C8
03B7 EB ESD8 R
038A FA
0399 80 70
0380 E6 43
03BF 89 BOOO
03C2 E2 FE
03e4 80 00
03C6 6 41
03CS 2B CO
03CA CD 10
03ec 98 0507
03CF CD 10
0301 SA 03DA
0304 2B C9
0306 EC
03D7 A808
0309 75 06
03DB E2 F9
0300 93 00
03DF EB 4C
03E1 32 CO
03E3 E6 41
03E5 2B OS
03E7 33 C9
03E9 EC
03EA AS OB
03EC 74 06
03EE E2 F9
03F0 B3 01
03F2 EB 39
03F4 28 C9
03F6 EC
03F7 AS 01
03F9 75 OA
03FS A8 08
03FD 75 22
03FF 2 F5
0401 B3 02
0403 EB 28
0405 AB 08
0407 74 04
0409 S3 03
0408 ED 20
0400 2B C9
040F EC
0410 A8 01
0412 74 06
0414 E2 F9
0416 9304
0418 EB 13
041A 43
041B 74 04
0410 A8 08
041F 74 03
A-14 ROM BIOS
SECOND;
AND BL,AL CHECK FOR ALL 8 I T5 OFF
IN AL,DX READ "SB
.AND BH,AL TURN OFF 81 TS
OR 8X,8X ALL OFF?
TST_CMP;
JE CHK_END YES - SEE IF DONE
LOOP TST_BITS KEEP TRYING
POP CX RESTORE OUTER LOOP COUNTER
LOOP INNER_LOOP TRY AGAIN
STC ALL TR I E.S EXHAUSTED - FAILED TEST
RET
CHK_ENO:
POP CX POP FORMER OUTER LOOP COUNTER
INC SI
CMP 51,2
JNE OUTER_LOOP CHECK FOR ALL BITS TO GO OFF
ClC T I MER BITS ARE WORK I NG PROPERL V
RET
BITS_aN_OFF ENDP
POD 13_END:
------------------------------------------------------
CRT ATTACHMENT TEST
1. INIT CRT TO 40)(25 - BW
2. CHECK FOR VERT 1 CAL AND VIDEO ENABLS, AND CHECK
TIMING OF SAME
3. CHECK VERT I CAL INTERRUPT
4. CHECK RED, BLUE, GREEN, AND INTENSIFV DOTS
5. INIT TO 40X25 - COLOR
MFG. ERROR CODE 09XX CXX-SEE COMMENETS IN CODE)
. ------------------------------------------------------
MAVT EQU OAOACH
; T! VERT/VERT
MIVT Eau OC460H ; MINIMUM TIME FOR VERT/VERT
; C NOMI NAL - 10'x,)
; fIOMINAL TIME 15 8286H FOR 60 hz.
EPF EQU 200 NUMBER OF ENABLES PER FRAME
CALL MFG_UP
ClI
HOY AL,011100008
OUT TIM_CTL, AL
MOV CX,8000H
01: LOOP al
MOY AL, DOH
OUT TtMER+l, AL
SUS AX, AX
INT 10H
MOV AX,0507H
INT 10H
MOV OX,03DAH
SUB CX, CX
; LOOK FOR VERTI CAL
02: IN AL,DX
TEST AL,000010009
JNE 83
LOOP Q2
MOV BL,OO
JMP SHORT Q 115
i GOT V.ERTiCAL - START TIMER
83; XOR AL, AL
OUT 11 MER+ 1, AL
sue ex, BX
; WAIT FOR VERTICAL TO GO AWAY
XOR CX, CX
04; IN AL, OX
TEST AL, 0000 1000B
JZ 05
LOOP 84
MOV BL, 01H
JMP SHORT 8115
; NOW START LOOKI NG FOR ENABLE
85; SUB CX, CX
86; IN AL,DX
TEST AL,000000018
JNE a7
TEST AL,000010008
JNE all
lOOP 06
MOV BL,02H
MFG CHECKPO J NT= F5
SET TJ MER 1 TO MODE 0
WAIT FOR "ODE SET TO "TAKE"
SEND FIRST BVTE TO TtMER
SET MODE 4Q.X25 - BW
SET TO V J DEO PAGE 7
SET ADDRESSING TO VIDEO ARRAV
GET STATUS
VERTI CAL- THERE YET?
CONTINUE IF IT IS
KEEP LOOKING TILL COUNT EXHAUSTED
NO VERT 1 CAL = ERROR 0900
SEND 2ND BVTE TO TJMER TO START
I NIT. ENABLE COUNTER
GET STATUS
VERT I CAL 5T I LL THERE?
CONTINUE IF IT'S GONE
KEEP LOOK J NG TILL COUNT EXHAUSTED
; VERTICAL STUCK ON = ERROR 0901
TRANSITIONS
GET STArus
ENABLE ON YET?
GO ON IF IT IS
VERT I CAL ON AGA I N?
CONTINUE IF IT IS
KEEP LOOKING IF NOT
.JMP SHORT QU5 i ENABLE STUCK OFF = ERROR 0902
WITH ON
JZ 08 GO ON IF IT IS
MOV BL, 03H
JMP SHORT a 115
i NOW WA I T FOR ENABLE TO GO OFF
88: SUB ex, CX
Q9: IN -AL,DX
1.EST AL,OOOOOOOlB
JE 810
LOOP Q9
MOV BL,04H
VERT I CAL STUCK ON = ERROR 0903
GET 5TATUS
ENABLE OFF VET?
PROCEED I F IT 15
.KEEP LOOKING IF NOT YET LOW
JMP SHORT 0115 ; ENABLE STUCK ON = ERROR 0904
; ENABLE HAS TOGGLED, BUMP COUNTER AND TEST FOR NEXT VERTI CAL
Q 10; I NC ax BUMP ENABLE COUNTER
JZ Q 11 I F -COUNTER WRAPS, ERROR
TEST AL,00001000B DID ENABLE GO LOW 8ECAUSE OF
VERTICAL?
as I F NOT. LOOK FOR A"NOTHER ENABLE
TOGGLE
0421 80 40
0423 E6 43
0425 81 Fa OOCS
0429 74 04
042B 83 05
0420 E8 74
042F E4 41
0431 8A EO
0433 90
0434 E4 41
0436 86 EO
0438 FB
0439 90
043A 3D AOAC
0430 70 04
043F 83 06
0441 EO 60
0443 3D C460
0446 7E 04
0448 83 07
044A EO 57
044C 28 C9
044E E4 21
0450 24 DF
0452 E6 21
0454 20 06 0484 R
0458 FB
0459 F6 06 0484 R 20
045E 75 06
0460 E2 F7
0462 83 08
0464 EB 3D
0466 E4 21
0468 OC 20
048A E6 21
046C 88 0908
046F BS 077F
0472 89 0028
0475 CD 10
0477 33 CO
0479 28 C9
0479 EE
047C EC
0470 A8 10
047F 75 08
0481 E2 F9
0483 83 10
0485 OA DC
0487 EB lA
0489 28 C9
0488 EC
049C A9 10
048E 74 08
0490 E2 F9
0492 83 20
0494 OA DC
0496 EB 08
0498 FE C4
049A 80 FC 04
0490 74 09
049F 8A C4
04A1 EO 06
04A3 97 09
04A5 E9 09BC R
04A8 E8 1388 R
04A8 88 0001
04AE CO 10
0480 88 0507
0493 CD 10
0485 81 3E 0012 R 1234
0498 74 03
0490 EB OC21 R
i HAVE HAD COMPLETE VERTICAL-VERTI CAL CYCLE, NOW TEST RESULTS
Ql1: MOV AL,40H LATCH TIMERI
9115:
Q12;
OUT TIM_CTL,AL
CHP ex, EPF NUMBER OF ENABLES BETWEEN
VERTICALS O. K.?
JE
MOV
JMP
IN
MOV
NOP
IN
XCHG
STl
NOP
CMP
JGE
MOV
JMP
CMP
JLE
MOV
JMP
.,2
BL,05H
SHORT Q22
AL, TIMER+1
AH,AL
AL, TIMER+l
AH, AL
AX, MAVT
913
BL,06H
SHORT G22
AX, MIVT
.,.
Bl,07H
SHORT G22
WRONG # ENABLES = ERROR 0905
GET TI MER VALUE lOW
SAVE IT
GET TIMER HIGH
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
VERTI CALS TOO FAR APART
= ERROR 0906
VERTI CALS TOO CLOSE TOGETHER
; = ERROR 0907
; TI MI NGS SEEM O. K., NOW CHECK VERTI CAL INTERRUPT (LEVEL 5)
SET TIMEOUT REG 914; SUS ex, CX
G15;
IN AL,lNTAOl
AND AL,110111118 ; UNMASK INT. LEVEL 5
OUT INTA01, AL ;
AND DATA_AREA[ I NTR_FLAG-OATAJ, AL
STI ; ENABLE I NTS.
TEST DATA_AREA[INTR_FLAG-DATA1,OOI00000B; SEE IF INTR.
JNZ
LOOP
MOV
JMP
.,.
.,5
Bl,OS'"
SHORT Q22
IN AL,INTAOI
OR AL,001000008
OUT INTAO!, AL ;
5 HAPPENED YET
GO ON IF IT DID
KEEP LOOKING IF IT DIDN'T
NO VERT I CAL INTERRUPT
= ERROR 0"90B
o I SABLE 1 NTERRUPTS FOR LEVEL 5
SEE IF RED, GREEN, BLUE AND INTENSIFV DOTS WORK
FIRST, SET A UNE OF REVERSE VIDEO, INTENSIFIED BLANKS INTO VIDEO
BUFFER
917:
SEE
91B:
; SEE
Q19;
920:
MOV AX,090SH
MOV 9X,077FH
HOV CX,40
INT 10H
XOR AX, AX
SUB ex, CX
OUT OX, AL
I F DOT COMES ON
IN AL,DX
TEST Al, 000 10000B
JNZ G19
LOOP G18
MOY BL,IOH
OR BL, AH
JMP SHORT Q22
IF DOT
SUB
IN
TEST
JE
LOOP
MOV
OR
JMP
GOES OFF
CX,CX
AL,DX
AL, 000 10000B
921
920
BL,20H
BL,AH
SHORT 922
WRITE CHARS, BLOCKS
PAGE 7, REVERSE VIDEO,
HIGH INTENSITY
40 CHARACTERS
START WITH BLUE DOTS
SET VIDEO ARRAY ADDRESS FOR DOTS
GET STATUS
DOT THERE?
GO LOOK FOR DOT TO TURN OFF
CONTINUE TESTING FOR DOT ON
OR IN DOT BEING TESTED
DOT NOT COMING ON = ERROR 091X
( X=O, BLUE; X=I, GREEN;
X::::2, RED; X=3, INTENSITY)
GET STATUS
I SOOT STI LL ON?
GO ON IF DOT OFF
ELSE, KEEP WAITING FOR DOT
TO GO OFF
OR IN DOT BEING TESTED
~ T STUCK ON :::: ERROR 092)(
(X::::O, BLUE; X=I, GREEN;
X=2, RED; X=3, INTENSITV)
; ADJUST TO POINT TO NEXT DOT
Q21: INC AH
CMP AH,4 ALL 4 DOTS DONE?
..IE 923 GO END
MOV AL, AH
JMP Q17 GO LOOK FOR ANOTHER DOT
922: MOV BH, 09H SET MSB OF ERROR CODE
..IMP E_M5G
; DONE WITH TEST RE;SET TO 40X25 - COLOR
ASSUME OS; DATA
923: CALL DDS
MOV AX,OOOlH INIT TO 40X25 - COLOR
I NT 10H
MOV AX, 0507H SET TO VIDEO PAGE 7
I NT 10H
CMP RESET_fLAG,1234H ; WARM START?
JE Q24 ; BVPASS PUTTI NG UP POWER-ON SCREEN
CALL PUT_lOGO ; PUT LOGO ON SCREEN
ROM BIOS A-I5
04BO EB OC21 R
04CO BO 76
04C2 E6 43
04C4 BO 00
04C6 E6 41
04C8 90
04C9 90
04CA E6 41
04CC E8 E608 R
04CF 33 CO
0401 BE 09
0403 C7 06 OOOB R OF79
0409 C7 06 0120 R F068
040F OE
040 58
041 A3 0122 R
04E4 E8 1388 R
04E7 BE ODIE R
04EA 89 36 001A
04EE 89 36 OOIC
04F2 B9 36 0080
04F6 83 C6 20
04F9 89 36 0082 R
04FO E4 AO
04FF eo 80
0501 E6 AO
0503 E9 E608 R
0506 BB 0040
0509 E4 62
050B A8 08
0500 75 03
050F B3 C3 40
0512 53
0513 B3 EB 10
0516 B. lE 0013 R
aSIA 5B
051B BA 2000
051E 2B FF
0520 B. AA55
0523 BE C2
0525 26:
B'
00
052B BO OF
052A 26- 88 05
0520 33 C1
052F 75 OC
0531 81 C2 1000
0535 83 C3 40
0538 80 FE AO
0538 75 ES
0530
B'
lE 0015 R
0541 88 0004
0544 E8 OSBe R
0547 BA 0080
054A 89 7800
0540 BE C2
054F 51
0550 53
0551 50
0552 EB 0859 R
0555 74 03
0557 E. 0603 R
055A 58
0558 5B
OSSC 5.
0550 80 FO 7B
0560
'C
0561 05 003e
0564 .0
0565 74 03
0567 05 0002
OS6A EB 05BC R
0560 3B C3
056F 75 03
0571 E. 0640 R
A-16 ROM BIOS
Q24:
CALL
HOV
OUT
HOV
OUT
NOP
NOP
OUT
ASSUME
CALL
XOR
HOV
HOV
HOV
PUT LOGO
AL,0'11101108
TIM_CTL, AL
AL,OOH
TIMER+l, AL
PUT LOGO ON SCREEN
RE-INIT TIMER 1
025
TIMER+1, AL
OS: A850
MFG UP ; MFG CHECKPOI NT=F4
AX,AX
OS, AX
NMI_PTR, OFFSET KBONMI ; SET INTERRUPT VECTOR
KEV62_PTR, OFFSET KEv_seAN_SAVE ; SET VECTOR FOR
j POD I NT HANDLER
PUSH CS
POP AX
MOV KEV62_PTR+2, AX
ASSUME os: DATA
CALL DDS ; SET DATA SEGMENT
MOV 5 I. OFFSET KB_BUFFER ; SET KEVBOARD PARMS
MOV BUFFER_HEAD, 51
MOV BUFFER_TAl L, SI
HOV BUFFER_START, SI
ADD 51,32 SET DEFAULT BUFFER OF 32 BVTES
HOV BUFFER_END,S I
IN AL,OAOH CLEAR NMJ F/F
HOV AL, SOH ENABLE NHI
OUT OAOH, AL j
I F A KEY 15 STUCK, THE BUFFER SHOULD FI LL WI TH THAT KEY'S CODE
THIS WILL BE CHECKED LATER
MEMORY SIZE oETERM I NE AND TEST
nus ROUTINE WILL DETERMINE HOW MUCH MEM
IS ATTACHED TO THE SYSTEM (uP TO 640KB)
AND SET "MEMORV SIZE" AND "REAL MEMORY"
WORDS I N THE DATA AREA. -
AFTER THIS, MEMORV WILL BE EITHER TESTED
OR CLEARED, DEPEND I NG ON THE CONTENTS OF
"RESET FLAG".
MFG. ERROR CODES -OAXX PLANAR BO ERROR
-OBXX 64K CD ERROR
ASSUME OS: DATA
-OCXX ERRORS I N BOTH
000 AND EVEN BYTES
IN A 128K SVS
-1 YXX MEMORV ABOVE 128K
Y=SEGMENT HAVI NG TROUBLE
XX:::: ERROR B f T5
CALL MFG UP I'1FG CHECKPO I NT::::F3
HOV ax, 64 START WITH BASE 64K
IN AL, PORT_C GET CONF I G BYTE
TEST AL,OOOO1000B SEE IF 64K CARD INSTALLED
JNE 025 <BIT 4 WILL 8E 0 I F CARD
AOD BX,64 ADO 64K
PUSH BX SAVE K COUNT
PLUGGED)
SUB BX,16 SUBTRACT 16K CRT REFRESH SPACE
HOV [MEMORY_51 ZEJ, ex
; LOAD "CONTI GUOUS MEMORV" WORD
POP BX
HOV OX,2000H SET POINTER TO JUST ABOVE 128K
SUB 01,01 SET 01 TO POINT TO BEGINNING
MOV CX,OAA55H LOAD DATA PATTERN
Q26: HOV ES,OX SET SEGMENT TO PO I NT TO MEMORV
SPACE
HOV ES:[DIJ,CX SET DATA PATTERN TO MEMORV
HOV AL,OFH SET AL TO 000 VALUE
HOV AX,ES; [OIl GET DATA PATTERN BACK FROM HEM
XOR AX,ex SEE IF DATA MADE IT BACK
JNZ 027 NO? THEN END OF MEM HAS BEEN
REACHED
ADD OX, 1000H POINT TO BEGINNING OF NEXT 64K
ADO aX,64 AO,JUST TOTAL MEM. COUNTER
CHP DH,OAOH PAST 640K YET?
JNE Q26 CHECK FOR ANOTHER 8LOCK IF NOT
Q27, HOV [TRUE_MEMl , BX LOAD "TOTAL MEMORY" WORD
SIZE HAS BEEN DETERMI NED, NOW TEST OR CLEAR ALL OF MEMORV
HOV AX,4 4 KB KNOWN OK AT THIS POI NT
CALL Q35
MOV oX,ooaOH SET PO I NTER TO JUST ABOVE
LOWER 2K
HOV CX,7800H TEST 30K WORDS (SOKB)
Q2B: HOV ES, OX
PUSH CX
PUSH BX
PUSH AX
CALL PODSTG TEST OR FILL MEM
JZ Q2.
JHP Q3'
,JUMP I F ERROR
Q29 POP AX
POP BX
POP CX RECOVER
CHP CH,7BH WAS THIS A 60 K PASS
PUSHF
ADD AX,60 BUMP GOOD STORAGE BY 60 KB
POPF
JE 030
AOD AX,2 ; ADD 2 FOR A 62K PASS
Q30 CALL 035
CMP AX,BX ARE WE DONE VET?
JNE Q31
JMP 043 ALL DONE, IF SO
0574 3D 0080
0577 74 IE
0579 SA OFBO
057C 89 0400
0a:7F 8E C2
0581 50
0582 53
0583 52
05B4 EB OB59 R
0587 75 7A
0589 SA
058A 58
0588 58
OS8e 05 0002
OS8F SA 1000
0592 99 7COO
0595 E8 B6
0597 BA 2000
OS9A 38 D8
OS9C 75 03
059E E9 0&40 R
05Al B9 4000
OSA4 BE C2
05A6 50
05A7 53
05A8 52
05A9 E8 OB59 R
05AC 7!5 55
OSAE SA
O!5AF 58
0580 58
05Bl 05 0020
058<4 E8 05Be R
05B7 80 C6 DB
058A EB DE
05Be
05Be EB 1388 R
058F 81 3E 0072 R 1234
05C5 74 38
05C7 53
05e8 51
05C9 52
05CA 50
05C8 B4 02
05eD SA 1421
0500 87 07
05D2 CD 10
0504 58
0505 50
0506 B8 DaDA
0509 89 0003
OBoe 33 D2
05DE F7 F3
05EO 80 CA 30
05E3 52
E2 F6
05E6 89 0003
05E9 58
05EA E8 lSSA R
05ED E2 FA
05EF 89 0003
05F2 BE 0025 R
05FS 2E: 8A 04
05FS 46
OSF9 EB 18BA R
05Fe 2 F7
05FE 58
OSFF 5A
0600 59
0601 58
0602 C3
0603
0603 SA
06004 81 FA 2000
0608 7C OE
060A BA D9
06Qe OA Do
060E Bl 04
0610 02 EE
0612 87 10
0614 OA FE
0616 EB 20
0618 B7 OA
061A E4 62
061C 24 OB
061E 74 06
0620 8A OS
0622 OA DD
0624 EB 12
Q3l:
Q32:
Q33:
Q34:
CHP
JE
HOV
HOV
MOV
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
CALL
JNZ
POP
POP
POP
ADD
MOV
MOV
JMP
MDV
CHP
JHE
JMP
MOY
MOV
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
CALL
JNZ
POP
POP
POP
ADD
CALL
ADD
JMP
AX,12S
032
DX,OFBOH
eX,0400H
ES, OX
AX
BX
OX
PODSTG
039
OX
BX
AX
AX,2
DX,1000H
CX,7COQH
028
DX,2000H
8X,AX
03.
0.3
CX,4000H
ES,DX
AX
BX
OX
POOSTG
039
OX
BX
AX
AX,32
035
OH, aSH
033
DONE WITH 1ST 128K?
GO FINISH REST OF HEM.
SET POINTER TO FINISH 1ST 64 KS
GO TEST/FILL
UPOATE GOOD COUNT
SET POINTER TO 2ND 64K BLOCK
62K WORTH
GO TEST IT
POINT TO BLOCK ABOVE 12BK
COflPARE GOOD MEM TO TOTAL MEM
EKIT IF ALL DONE
SET FOR 321<B BLOCK
GO TEST IFILL
SUMP GOOD MEMORY COUNT
D I SPLAY CURRENT GOOD MEM
SET PO J NTER TO NEXT 32K
AND MAKE ANOTHER PASS
SUBROUTINE FOR PRINTING TESTED
; MEMORY 01( "SG ON THE CRT
; CAI..L PARMS: AX = I( OF GOOD MEMORY
(IN HEX)

G3B:
Q37:
Q3S:
CALL DDS ; ESTABLISH ADDRESSING
CMP RESET_FLAG, 1234H ; WARM START?
JE Q35E ; NO PRINT ON WARM START
PUSH 8X
PUSH CX
PUSH OX
PUSH AX
HOV AH,2
MOV DX, 1421H
HOV BH,7
INT 10H
POP AX
PUSH AX
MOY BK,10
HOV CX,3
XOR OX, DX
DIV SX
OR DL,30H
PUSH DX
LOOP G36
HOY CX,3
POP AK
CALL PRT _HEX
LOOP 937
MOV CX,3
SAVE WORK REGS
SET CURSOR TOWARD THE END OF
ROW 20 (ROW 20, COL. 33)
PAGE 7
SET UP FOR DECIMAL CONYERT
OF 3 NIBBLES
DE\HDE BY 10
MAKE INTO ASCII
SAVE
RECOVER A NUMBER
MOY SI, OFFSET F3B ; PR INT .. KS"
MOV AL, CS: [51]
INC 51
CALL PRT _HEX
LOOP a3S
POP
POP
POP
POP
AX
OX
CX
8X
Q35E: RET
Q3S ENDP
; ON ENTRY TO MEMORY ERROR ROUTINE, CK HAS ERROR BITS
; AH HAS ODDIEVEN I NFO, OTHER USEFUL I NFO ON THE STACK
Q3S: POP Ox POP SEGMENT POINTER TO OX
"40:
CMP
Jl
MOV
OR
MOV
SHR
MOV
OR
JMP
MOV
IN
ANO
JZ
.OV
OR
JMP
DX,2000H

BL, CL
SL, CH
Cl,4
DH, CL
SH,lOH
BH,DH
SHORT Q42
8H, OAH
AL,PORT_C
AL, 0000 1000B

BL, CL
HL, CH
SHORT Q42
(HEADING DOWNHILL, DON'T CARE
ABOUT STACK)
ABeYE 128K (THE 5 I MPLE CASE)
GO DO ODD lEVEN-LESS THAN 128K
FORM ERROR BI TS ("XX")
ROTATE HOST SIGNIFIGANT
NI8BLE OF SEGMET
TO LOW NIBBLE OF DH
FORM "lY" VALUE
ERROR OA.
GET CONFI G BI T5
TEST FOR ATTRI8 CARD PRESENT
WORRY ASOUT ODDIEVEN IF IT IS
COMBINE ERROR BITS IF IT ISN'T
ROM BIOS A-I7
0626 80 FC 02
0629 8A D9
062B 74 OB
0620 FE C7
062F OA DD
0631 80 FC 01
0634 74 02
0636 FE C7
063B BE 0035 R
0638 E8 OS8C R
063E FA
063F F4
0640
0640 E8 E60B R
0643 E8 1389 R
0646 BB DOlE R
0649 8A 07
0648 OA CO
064D 74 06
064F B7 22
0651 BA 08
0653 EB OA
0655 80 3E 0012 R 00
OS5A 74 lC
065e SS 2000
065F BE 0036 R
0662 81 3E 0072 R 4321
OS68 74 DB
066A 81 3E 0072 R 1234
0670 74 03
0672 E8 09BC R
0675 E9 06FF R
0678 SA 0201
0678 EC
067C 24 FO
067E 74 7F
0680 E4 62
0682 24 80
0684 74 79
0686 E4 61
0688 24 FC
06BA E6 61
06BC BO 86
068E E6 43
0690 BO 40
0692 E6 AO
0694 BO 20
0696 BA 0042
0699 EE
069A 28 CO
069C 88 CB
069E EE
069F E4 61
06Al OC 01
06A3 E6 61
Q41:
943:
CMP
MOY

INC
OR
CMP

INC
MOY
CALL
CLI
HLT
AH,02
BL,CL
Q42
BH
BL, CH
AH.l
Q42
EVEN BYTE ERROR? ERR OAXX
MAKE INTO OSXX ERR
HOVE AND COMBINE ERROR BITS
ODD BYTE ERROR
SH MUST HAVE 8EEN BOTH
51, OFFSET - MAKE INTO OCXX
E_MSG LET ERROR ROUTINE FIGURE OUT
WHAT TO 00
KEYBOARD TEST
DESCRIPTION
F6:
NMI HAS BEEN ENABLED FOR QUI TE A FEW
SECONDS NOW. CHECK THAT NO SCAN CODES
HAVE SHOWN UP I N THE BUFFER. (STUCK
KEY) IF THEY HAVE. DISPLAY THEM AND
POST ERROR.
MFG ERR CODE
2000 STRAY NMJ I NTERRUPTS OR KEYBOARD
RECE I VE ERRORS
21XX CARD FA I LURE
XX=Ol. K8 DATA STUCK HIGH
XX=02. 1<8 DATA STUCK LOW
XX=03. NO NM I INTERRUPT
22XX STUCK KEY (XX=SCAN CODE)
ASSUME os: DATA
CHECK FOR STUCK KEYS
"FG_UP
DDS
; HFG CODE=F2
; ESTABLISH ADDRESSING
CALL
CALL
MOY
MOV
OR

MOY
MOY

CMP
ax, OFFSET
AL. [SX]
AL,AL
KB_BUFFER
F6_Y
SH,22H
BL,AL
SHORT F6
KBD_ERR,OOH
CHECK FOR STUCK KEYS
SCAN CODE = O?
YES - CONT I NUE TEST I NG
22XX ERROR CODE
DID NMJ '5 HAPPEN WITH NO SCAN
CODE PASSED?
.JE F7 (STRAYS) - CONTINUE IF NONE
MOV aX,2000H ; SET ERROR CODE 2000
MOV 51, OFFSET KEY_ERR; GET MSG ADBR
CMP RESET_FLAG,4321H ; WARM START TO OJAGS
.JE FS_Z DO NOT PUT UP MESSAGE
CMP RESET_FLAG, 1234H ; WARM SYSTEM START
F63 , DO NOT PUT UP MESSAGE
CALL E_MSG ; PRINT MSG ON SCREEN
F6_Z: .JMP F6_X
; CHECK LINK CARD. IF PRESENT
F7: MOV OX.0201H
IN AL,OX
AND AL.OFOH
.JZ F6_X
IN AL. PORT_C
AND AL, 100000008
.JZ FS_X
IN AL. PORT_B
AND AL.11111100B
OUT PORT _B, AL
MOY AL,OB6H
OUT TI "_CTL. AL
MOY AL,040H
OUT OAOH, AL
MOY AL,32
OX, T1MER+2
OX. AL
AX, AX
CX, AX
CHECK FOR BURN-I N MODE
BYPASS CHECK IN BURN-IN MODE
GET CONFIG. PORT DATA
KEYBOARD CABLE ATTACHED?
BYPASS TEST IF IT IS
DROP SPEAKER DATA
MODE SET TI MER 2
DISABLE NMI
LSB TO TIMER 2
CAPPROX. 40Khz VALUE)
ox, AL MSB TO TIMER 2 (START TIMER)
AL, PORT_B
AL,l
PORT_B, AL ENABLE TIMER 2
06A5 E4 62 F7_0:
MOY
OUT
SUB
MOY
OUT
IN
OR
OUT
IN
AND

LOOP
MOY

PUSH
SUB
MOY
MOY
MOY
IN
OR
OUT
MOY
OUT
MOY
A!". PORT_C SEE IF KEYBOARD DATA ACTIVE
06A7 24 40
06A9 75 06
06A8 E2 Fa
06AD 83 02
06AF EB 49
06Bl 06 F7_1:
06B2 2B CO
06B4 8E CO
06B6 26: C7 06 OOOS R FB1S R
06BD A2 0084 R
06CO E4 61
06C2 OC 30
06C4 E6 61
OSCS BO CO
06C8 E6 AO
06CA B9 0100
A-IS ROM BIOS
AL, 01000000B
F7_1 EXIT LOOP IF DATA SHOWED UP
F70
BL:-02H SET NO KEYBOARD DATA ERROR
SHORT F6_1
ES SAYE ES
AX, AX SET UP SEGMENT REG
ES.AX *
ES: [NMI_PTR], OFFSET D 11 ; SET UP NEW NMI VECTOR
I NTR_FLAG. AL RESET I NTR FLAG
AL,PORT_B DISABLE INTERNAL BEEPER TO
AL, 00110000B PREVENT ERROR BEEP
PORT_B, AL
AL,OCOH
OAOH, AL ENABLE NMI
CX,0100H
oeCD E2 FE F6_0: LOOP
IN
AND
OUT
MOV
OR
MOV
MOV
POP
JZ
MOV
OUT
IN
AND
OUT
IN
AND
JZ
LOOP
NOV
MOV
JMP
MOV
OUT
F6_0 WAIT A BIT
MeF 4 61
0601 24 CF
0603 6 61 .
0605 AO 0084 R
0608 OA eo
06DA 83 03
06DC 26: C7 06 0008 R OF78 R
06E3 07
06E4 74 14
06E6 BO 00
068 6 AO
06EA 4 61
06EC 24 FE
06EE E6 61
AL, PORT _8 RE -ENABLE BEEPER
AL,110011118
PORT_B, AL
AL, I NTR_FLAG GET I NTR FLAG
AL, AL WI L.L BE NON-ZERO IF NKI HAPPENED
Bl., 03H ; SET POSS I BlE ERROR CODE
ES: [NMI_PTRl, OFFSET KBDNMI i RESET NMI VECTOR
ES RESTORE ES
F6_1 JUMP I F NO NMI
AL,OOH DISABLE FEEDBACK CKT
OAOHrAl
Al,PORT_B
Al,l1l11110B DROP GATE TO TIMER 2
PORT_B, Al
06FO 4 62 F6_2: AL., PORT_C SEE IF KEYBOARD DATA- ACTIVE
06F2 24 40 AL., {) 1000000B
06F4 74 09 F6_X EXIT LOOP t F DATA WENT lOW
06FS E2 F8 F6_2
06FB 83 01 8l,01H SET KEYBOARD DATA STUCK HI GH ERR
06FA 87 21 F6_1: BH,21H POST ERROR "21XX"
06Fe 9 065F R F6
06FF BO 00 F6_X: Al,OOH
OAOH, Al
01 SABL.E FEEDBACK CKT
0701 E6 AO
= OABA
= OBAD
0703 8 E6D8 R
0706 E4 61
070B OC 09
070A E6 61
070C E4 21
070E OC 01
071Q E6 21
0712 BO 96
0714 E643
0716 B& 0402
0719 E642
071B 8A C4
0710 E642
071F 2B CS
0721 E2 FE
0723 E4 62"
0725 24 10
0727 A2 0069
072A E8 F96F
0720 8 F96F
0730 E33
0732 53
0733 E8 F96F R
0736 5&
0737 E3 37
0739 03 C3
0738 30 OASA
073 73 30
0740 30 O&AD
0743 72 28
0745 8A 0201
0748 EC
0749 24 FO
0749 3C 10
0740 74 04
074F 3C 40
0751 7526
0753 E4 61
0755 8A DO
0757 24 E5
0759 E& 61
0758 33 C9
0750 E2 FE
075F EB F96F R
0762 E8 F9GF R
0765 8A C2
0767 E6 61
0769 E30E
0768 SS 23FF
076 EB 03
0770
0770 sa 2300
0773 BE 0037 R
0776 E8 OSBe R
0779 4 21
077S 24 FE
0770 E6 21
077F E4 AO
07B1 8080
0783 6 AQ
CASSETTE I NTERF ACE TEST
DESCRIPTION
TURN CASSE"TTE MOTOR OFF_WRITE A Bt T OUT TO THE
CASSETTE DATA sus. VERIFY THAT CASSETTE DATA
READ IS WITHIN A VALID RANGE.
MFG. ERROR CODE=2300H (DATA PATH ERROR)
23FF (RELAY FAILED TO PICK)
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
MIN:PERIOD EaU OBADH; NOM -lOY.
; ----- TURN THE CASSETTE MOTOR OFF
CALL MFG_UP "FG CODE=F 1
IN AL,PORT_8
OR AL, 0000 100 18
OUT PORT _S, AL
i ----- WRITE A BIT
IN AL,INTAOI
OR AL, 01H
OUT INTAOl,AL
MaY Al,086H
OUT TI MER+3, AL
MOV AX, 1234
OUT T I MER+2 .. AL
MOV Al, AH
OUT T I MER+2, AL
SUB cX,ex
LOOP S
; ----- READ CASSETTE INPUT
IN AL,PORT_C
AND AL,10H
MOV LAST_VAL, AL
CALL READ_HALF _BIT
CALL READ _HALF _B I T
.JCXZ F8
PUSH BX
CALL READ _HALF _BI T
POP AX
JCXZ FB
AD-D AX,9X
CMP AX. MAX_PERIOD
JNC Fa
CMP AX,MIN_PERIOD
JC F8
MOV DX,201H
IN AL,OX
AND AL,OFOH
CMP AL, 000 10000B
JE F9
SET T I HER 2 SPK OUT, AND CASSETTE
OUT BITS ON, CASSETTE MOT OFF
o I SABLE TI MER INTERRUPTS
SEl TIM 2, LSB, MSB, MO 3
WRI TE 8253 CMDtMODE REG
SET T I MER 2 eNT FOR 1000 USEC
WR lTE TI MER 2 COUNTER REG
WRITE MS8
CLEAR COUNTER FOR LONG DELAY
WAIT FOR COUNTER TO INIT
READ VALUE OF CASS I N 81 T
I SOLATE FROM OTHER BITS
TO SET UP CONDITIONS FOR CHECK
CAS_ERR
SAVE HALF BtT TIME VALUE
GET TOTAL TI.ME
CAS_ERR
DETERNI NE MODE
MFG?
CMP AL,01000000B SERVICE?
JNE T 13_END ; GO TO NEXT TEST I F NOT
; CHECK THAT CASSETTE RELAY IS PICKING (CAN'T DO TEST IN NORMAL
; MODE BECAUSE OF POSSIBILITY OF WRITING ON CASSETTE IF "RECORD"
; BUTTON I S DEPRESSED. )
FB; IN AL, PORT_8
HOV DL, AL
AND AL,111001018
OUT PORT _B, AL
XOR ex, CX
FBI: LOOP F91
CALL READ_HALF _SI T
CALL READ _HALF _9 I T
MOV AL,DL.
OUT PORT _8, AL
SAVE PORT B CONTENTS
SET CASSETTE MOTOR ON
WAIT FOR RELAY TO SETTLE
DROP REL.AY
JCXZ T 13_END READ_HALF _B I T SHOULD T I ME OUT IN
THIS SITUATION
Fa:
MOV
JMP
MOV
FSl; MaY
CALL
T13_END: IN
AND
OUT
IN
MOV
OUT
SX,23FFH
SHORT FB1
ERROR 23FF
CAS_ERR
SX,2300H ; ERR. CODE 2300H
CASS_ERR ; CASSETTE WRAP FAILED
GO PR I NT ERROR MSG
SI, OFFSET
E_HSG
AL,INTAOI
AL,OFEH
INTA01, AL
AL, NMI _PORT
AL,80H
NM I_PORT, AL
ENABLE T I MER I NTS
CLEAR NMI FLIP/FLOP
ENABLE NM I I NTERUPTS
ROM BIOS A-19
07S5 ES E60B R
07B8 SA 02FS
078B ES EB31 R
07SE 73 06
0790 BE 003B R
0793 EB 09BC R
0796 E8 E608 R
0799 E4 62
019B 24 02
0790 75 DE
079F BA 03F8
07A2 EB E831 R
07A5 73 06
07A7 BE 0039 R
07AA E8 098C R
07AO
07AO 2B eo
07AF 8E CO
0791 B9 0008
0784 OE
07815
'F
07B6 BE FEF3 R
0789 BF 0020 R
07BC A5
07BO .7
07BE .7
07BF E2 Fa
07el BE 09
07C3 C7 06 0014 R FF54 R
07e9 C7 06 0120 R 'OC6 R
07CF C7 06 0110 R FA6E R
0705 C7 06 0060 R FFCB R
0708 OE
07DC 5B
070D A3 0062 R
07EO BO 01
07E2 E6 13
07E4 E8 E6D8 R
07E7 BA COOO
07EA
07EA BE OA
07EC 28 DB
07EE BB 07
07FO 53
07Fl .B
07F2 3D AA55
07F5 75 05
07F7 E8 EB51 R
07FA EB 04
07FC
07FC 81 C2 0080
0800
0800 81 FA FOOD
OS04 7C E4
A-20 ROM BIOS
SERIAL PRINTER AND MODEM POWER ON DIAGNOSTIC
DESCRIPTION:
VERIFIES THAT THE SERIAL PRINTER UART FUNCTIONS PROPERLY.
CHECKS IF THE MODEM CARD IS ATTACHED. IF IT'S NOT, EXITS.
VERIFIES THAT THE MODEM UART FUNCTIONS PROPERLY.
ERROR CODES RETURNED BY 'UART! RANGE FROM 1 TO IFH AND ARE
REPORTED VIA REGISTER BL SEE LISTING OF 'UART' (POD27)
FOR POSS I BlE ERRORS.
MFG. ERR. CODES 23)()( FOR SERIAL PRINTER
2:4XX FOR MODEM
ASSUME CS:CODE,OS:DATA
TEST SER [AL PR I NTER I NS8250 UART
CALL MFG_UP ; MFG ROUTINE INDICATOR=FO
MOV DX,02FBH ; ADDRESS OF SERIAL PRINTER CARD
CALL UART ; ASVNCH. COMM. ADAPTER POD
JNC TM ; PASSED
MOV 51,OFFSET COM I_ERR ; CODE FOR DISPLAY
CALL E_"SG ; REPORT ERROR
TEST MODEM I NS8250 UART
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
TM1:
F7A:
IN AL, PORT _C TEST FOR MODEM CARD PRESENT
AND AL.OOOOOOI0B ONLY CONCERNED WITH BIT 1
JNE TM 1 IT is NOT THERE - 0 ONE WITH TEST
MOV OX,03F8H ADDRESS OF MODEM CARD
CALL OART ASVNCH. COMM. ADAPTER POD
JNC TNI ; PASSED
MOV SI. OFFSET COM2_ERR ; MODEM ERROR
CALL E_M5G ; REPORT ERROR
SETUP HARDWARE INT. VECTOR TABLE
CS: CODE, OS: ABSO
AX,AX
ES,AX
CX,OB
CS
OS
; GET YECTOR CNT
; SETUP 05 SEG REG
ASSUME
SUB
NOV
NOV
PUSH
POP
NOV
NOV
51, OFFSET VECTOR_TABLE
o I ,OFFSET I NT _PTR
MOVSW
INC 01 ; SK I P OVER SEGMENT
INC 01
lOOP F7A
; ----- SET UP OTHER I NTERRUPTS AS NECESSARY
ASSUME os: ABSO
MOY os, ex
MOY INT!5_PTR,OFFSET PRINT_SCREEN; PRINT SCREEN
MOY KEV62_PTR, OFFSET KEV62_1 NT ; 62 KEY CONVERSION
HOV
HOV
PUSH
POP
NOV
; ROUTINE
CSET_PTR, OFFSET CRT_CHAR_GEN ; DOT TABLE
BASIC_PTR, OFFSET BAS_ENT ; CASSETTE BASIC ENTRV
CS
A"
WORD PTR BASI C_PTR+2, AX ; CODE SEG"ENT FOR CASSETTE
CHECK FOR OPTIONAL ROM FROM COOOO TO FOOOO IN 2K BLOCKS
(A YALID MODULE HAS '55AA' IN THE FIRST 2 lOCATIONS,
LENGTH INDICATOR (LENGTH/512) IN THE 3D LOCATION AND
TEST/INIT. CODE STARTING IN THE"4TH LOCATION. )
MFG ERR CODE 25XX (XX=MS8 OF SEGMENT THAT HAS CRC CHECK)
HOV
OUT
CALL
NOV
ROM_SCAN_' ,
NOV
SUB
HOV
PUSH
POP
CMP
JNZ
CALL
JMP
NEXT_ROM:
ADD
ARE_WE_D ONE:
CNP
JL
AL,OIH
13H, AL
MFG_UP
DX,OCOOOH
OS, OX
aX.8X
AX, [8X]
B"
B"
AX,OAA55H
NEXT_ROM
ROM_CHECK ;
SHORT ARE_WE_DONE
OX, 0080H
DX,OFOOOH
ROM_SCAN_l
MFG ROUTINE = EE
SET BEGINNING ADDRESS
SET 8X=0000
GET 1ST WORD FROM MODULE
BUS SETTL I NG
= TO 10 WORD?
PROCEED TO NEXT ROM I F NOT
GO CHECK OUT MODULE
; CHECK FOR END OF ROM SPACE
POI NT TO NEXT 2K ADDRESS
AT FOOOO YET?
GO CHECK ANOTHER ADD. I F NOT
0806 E8 E60B R
0809 E8 1389 R
OBOC BO FF
OBOE A2 0074 R
0811 A2 0075 R
0814 A2 0076 R
OB17 E4 62
0819 24 04
0818 74 03
0810 E9 08A3 R
OB20 80 OE 0010 R 01
0825 83 3E 0072 R 00
082A 75 OE
OB2C BO OA
082E E. 20
0830 E. 20
0832
2'
40
0834 75
O'
0836 B3 03
0838 EB 33
OB3A BO 80
OB3C E6 F2
083E 84 00
0840 8A D.
0842 CD 13
0844 F.
C'
FF
0847 83 01
0849 75 22
0848 BO 81
0840 E. F2
084F 2. C9
OB51 E2 FE
0853 E2 FE
0855 33 D2
OB57 B5 01
0859 BB 16 003E R
0850 E8 E9FB R
0860 B3 02
0862 72 09
0864 B5 22
0866 EB E9FB R
0869 73 OA
086B 83 02
0860 87 26
086F BE 003C
0972 E8 09BC
0875 80 82
OB77 E6 F2
0879 E4 E2
0979 24 06
0870 3C 02
OB7F 75 IE
OBBI BO 84
09B3 E6 F2
08B5 E4 2
0887 24 06
0889 3C 04
088B 75 12
0880 E4 E2
OB8F 24 30
0891 74 OC
0893 3C 10
OB95 84 40
OB97 74 02
OB99 84 80
OB98 08 26 0010 R
OB9F BO 80
OBAI 6 F2
08A3 C6 06 0084 R 00
09A8 BF 0079 R
08A8 IE
08AC 07
08AD BB 1414
08BO AB
08Bl A8
08B2 8B 0101
08B5 A.
08B6 AB
0887 E. 21
0889
2'
FE
OBBB E. 21
0880 IE
aBBE BB ---- R
OBC1 BE DB
DISKETTE ATTACHMENT TEST
DESCRIPTION
FlO:
CHECK IF IPL DISKETTE DRIVE IS ATTACHED TO SYSTEM. IF
ATTACHED, VERIFY STATUS OF NEC FDC AFTER A RESET. ISSUE
A REeAL AND SEEK CMO TO FDC AND CHECK STATUS. COMPLETE
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION THEN PASS CONTROL TO THE BOOT
LOADER PROGRAM
MFG ERR CODES: 2601 RESET TO DISKETTE CONTROLLER CO. FAILED
2602 RECALIBRATE TO DISKETTE DRIVE FAILED
2603 WATCHDOG TIMER FAILED
ASSUME
CALL
CALL
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
IN
CS:COOE,OS:OATA
NFG UP
OOS-
AL,OFFH
TRACKO, AL
TRACK 1, AL
TRACK2, AL
AL, PORT_C
AL,000001009
FlO 0
MFG ROUT I NE = EO
POINT TO DATA AREA
I NI T 0 I SKETTE SCRATCHPADS
DISKETTE PRESENT?
AND
JZ
JMP
OR
F 15- ; NO - BYPASS DISKETTE TEST
BVTE PTR EQU I P _FLAG, OlH i SET I PL 0 I SKETTE
CHP RESET _FLAG, 0
JNE FlO
HOV AL, 0000 10 lOB
OUT INTAOO, AL
IN AL, I NTAOO
AND AL,010000008
JNZ FlO
MOV BL,03H
JHP SHORT F 13
MOV AL, FDC_RESET
OUT OF2H, AL
HOV AH,O
MOV DL, AH
1 NT 13H
TEST AH,OFFH
MOV BL,OlH
JNZ F 13
INDICATOR IN EQUIP. FLAG
RUNNING FROM POWER-ON STATE?
BYPASS WATCHDOG TEST
READ INT. REQUEST REGISTER CMD
HAS WATCHDOG GONE OFF?
PROCEED IF 1 T HAS
5ET ERROR CODE
o I SABLE WATCHDOG TI MER
RESET NEC FDC
SET FOR DRI VE 0
VERIFY STATUS AFTER RESET
STATUS OK?
SET UP POSSIBLE ERROR CODE
NO - FOC FAILED
; ----- TURN DRI VE 0 MOTOR ON
Fll:
F12:
F 13
F 14:
MOV AL, DRI VE_ENABLE+FOC_RESET ; TURN MOTOR ON, DRI VE 0
OUT OF2H,AL WRITE FOC CONTROL REG
SUB CX, CX
LOOP F11
LOOP F 12
XOR OX, OX
HOV CH,l
HOV
CALL
MOV
JC
MDV
CALL
JNe
HOV
SEEK_STATUS.DL
SEEK
BL,02H
F13
CH,34
SEEK
F 14
BL,02H
WAI T FOR 1 SECOND
SELECT DRI YE 0
SELECT TRACK 1
RECALI BRATE 0 I SKETTE
ERROR CODE
GO TO ERR SU9ROUT I NE
SELECT TRACK 34
SEEK TO TRACK 34
OK, TURN MOTOR OFF
MOV BH,26H ; DSK_ERR: (26XX)
HOV
CALL
HOV
OUT
IN
AND
CHP
JNE
HOV
OUT
IN
AND
CMP
JNE
IN
AND
JZ
CMP
MOV
JE
MOV
51,OFFSET DISK_ERR; GET ADDR OF MSG
E_MSG , GO PRI NT ERROR MSG
AL, FOC_RESET+02H
OF2H, AL
AL.OE2H
AL,000001108
AL,00000010B
F 14 1
AL, FDC_RESET+04H
OF2H, AL
AL,OE2H
AL,00000110B
AL,00000100B
F 14_1
AL,OE2H
AL,00110000B
F 14 1
AL. 00010000B
AH,01000000B
F 14 2
AH,10000000B
IF ERR
F14 2: OR BYTE PTR EQUIP_FLAG, AH
; --=-- TURN ORI VE MOTOR OFF
F14 1: MOV
- OUT
F 15: MOV
MOV
PUSH
POP
MOV
STOSW
STOSW
MOV
STOSW
srosw
IN
AND
OUT
ASSUME
PUSH
HOV
HOV
AL, FOC_RESET
OF2H, AL
; TURN DRIVE 0 MOTOR OFF
INTR_FLAG, DOH j SET STRAY INTERRUPT FLAG = 00
OI,DFFSET PRINT_TIM_OUT ;SET DEFAULT PRT TIMEOUT
DS
ES
AX, 1414H
AX,0101H
AL,INTA01
AL, OFEH
INTAOl,AL
os: XXDATA
DS
AX, XXDATA
OS, AX
; DEFAUL T=20
i RS232 DEFAUL T=Ol
; ENABLE TIMER IN!. (LVL 0)
ROM BIOS A-21
08C3 80 3E 0018 R 00
OSC8 IF
OBC9 74 10
08C8 B2 02
08CD ES 1AOC R
0800
OBOO
B'
00
0802 CD IS
08D4 80 Fe lC
0807 75 f7
0809 EO 05
0808 82 01
OBOD E8 lADe R
08EO BO 0030 R
08E3 33 F6
08E5
08E5 2E: SB 56 00
08E9 BO AA
OBEB EE
08EC IE
OBED EC
OSEE IF
08EF 3C AA
08F I 75 as
oeF3 89 9. 0008 R
08F7

OBFB .S
oeF9 45
OSFA .5
08FS S3 FD 41
08FE 75 E5
0900 33 DB
0902 BA 03fA
0905 EC
0906 AS F8
0908 75 08
090A C7 S7 0000 R 03FS
0910
'3
0911 43
0912 C7 B7 0000 R 02FB
0918 43
0919 43
091A 8B C6
091C 81 03
091E D2 C8
0920 OA C3
0922 OB 06 0011 R
0926 88 C8
0928 B8 02FE
0928 8A 02FC
092E 2A CO
0930 EE
0931 E8 00
0933 87 03
0935 EC
0936 EB 00
0938 BO 02
093A 87 03
093C EE
0930 EB 00
093F 87 03
0941 EC
0942 A8 OS
0944 74 23
0946 AS 01
0948 75 IF
094A 2A CO
094C 87 D3
094E EE
094F EB 00
0951 87 03
0953 EC
0954 24 08
0956 74 11
0958 80 C9 20
0958 F6 C 1 CO
095E 75 09
09S0 BO C9 40
0963 C7 06 0008 R
0969 08 OE 0011 R
0960 33 02
096F FG C1 40
0972 74 18
02FB
0974 81 3E 0000 R 02FB
097A 74 01
097C 42
0970 B8 00B7
09BO CD 14
mtB2 F6 C4 IE
0985 75 05
0987 B8 0118
09BA CD 14
A-22 ROM BIOS
CMP
ASSUME
POP
"E
MOV
CAll
POST_ERR, DOH
DS: DATA
OS
F1SA_0
Dl,2
ERR_BEEP
CHECK FOR "POST_ERR" NON-ZERO
CONT I NUE I F NO ERROR
2 SHORT BEEPS (ERROR)
ERR_WAIT:
MOV
INT
CMP
JNE
"MP
AH,OO
ISH ; WAlT FOR "ENTER" KEY
AH, lCH
ERR WAIT
SHORT FISC
F15A_O: MOV
CAll
Dl,l ; 1 SHORT BEEP (NO ERRORS)
ERR BEEP
; SETUP PRINTER AND RS232 BASE ADDRESSES IF DEVICE ATTACHED
FISC: MOY BP,OFFSET F4 PRT_SRC_TBL
F 16:
F 17:
FIB:
XO.
MOV
MOV
OUT
PUSH
IN
POP
CMP
"NE
MOV
INC
INC
INC
INC
CMP
JNE
XO.
MOV
IN
TEST
JNZ
HOV
INC
INC
MOV
INC
INC
SET UP
CARDS
SI, SI
DX,CS: [SPl
AL.OAAH
OX, Al
D5
Al, DX
DS
PRT SASE:
GET-PRINTER BASE ADDR
WRITE DATA TO PORT A
BUS SETTLJ NG
READ PORT A
Al,OAAH DATA PATTERN S4ME
F 17 ; NO - CHECK NEXT PRT CD
PRINTER_BASHSI l, DX ; YES - STORE PRT BASE AVOR
51 INCREMENT TO NEXT WORD
51
BP POINT TO NEXT BASE ADDR
BP
ep, OFFSET F4E
F1S
BX,ex
DX,03FAH
Al, OX
Al,OFBH
ALL POSSIBLE ADDRS CHECKED?
PRT BASE
SET-ADDRESS BASE
POINT TO INT ID REGISTER
READ PORT
SEEM TO BE AN 8250
F18
RS232_BASE[BXl,3FBH
BX
SETUP RS232 CD 81 ADDR
8X
RS232_BASHBXl,2F8H ; SETUP RS232 82
BX i (ALWAYS PRESENT)
BX
EQUIP FLAG TO INDICATE NUMBER OF PRINTERS AND RS232
MOY AX, SI' ; 51 HAS 2* NUMBER OF PRINTERS
MOY Cl,3 ; SHIFT COUNT
ROR Al, CL i ROTATE RIGHT 3 POSITIONS
OR AL, BL ; OR I N THE RS232 COUNT
OR BYTE PTR EQUIP _FlAG+l, Al ; STORE AS SECOND BYTE
i ----- SET EQUIP. FLAG TO INDICATE PRESENCE OF SERIAL PRINTER
ATTACHED TO ON 80ARD RS232 PORT. ---ASSUMPTION--"RTS" IS TIED TO
"CARRIER DETECT" IN THE CABLE PLUG FOR THIS SPECIFIC PRINTER.
MOY CX, AX SAVE PRINTER COUNT IN ex
MOY aX,2FEH SET POI NTER TO MODEM STATUS REG
HOY DX,2FCH POINT TO MODEM CONTROL REG
SUB Al, AL
OUT OX, AL
JMP $+2
XCHG DX, BX
IN Al,OX
JMP $+2
HOY Al,02H
XCHG ox, ex
OUT ox, AL
JMP $+2
XCHG DX, ex
IN AL, ox
TEST Al,000010008
JZ F 19 A
TEST Al,000000018
JNZ F19 A
SU8 Al, Al
XCHG ox, BX
OUT ox, Al
JMP $+2
XCHG ox, ax
IN Al, OX
AND Al,00001000B
JZ F 19 A
CARRIER DETECT IS-FOLLOWING
OR Cl,00100000B
TEST Cl, 11000000B
JNZ F 19_A
CLEAR IT
DELAY
POINT
CLEAR
DELAY
BRING
POINT
TO MODEM STATUS REG
IT
UP RTS
TO MODEM CON-TROl REG
DELAY
POINT TO MODEM STATUS REG
GET CONTENTS
HAS CARRI ER DETECT CHANGED?
NO, THEN NO PRINTER
DID CTS CHANGE? (AS WITH WRAP
CONNECTOR INSTALLED)
WRAP CONNECTOR ON IF IT DID
SET RTS OFF
POI NT TO MODEM CONTROL REG
DROP RTS
DELAY
MODEM STATUS REG
GET STATUS
HAS CARRIER DETECT CHANGED?
i NO, THEN NO PRINTER
RTS-INDICATE SERIAL PRINTER ATTACHED
CHECK FOR NO PARALLEL PRI NTERS
DO NOTHING IF PARALLEL PRINTER
ATTACHED
OR
MOV
Cl,01000000B ; INDICATE 1 PRINTER ATTACHED
OR
XOR
TEST
JZ
CMP
"E
INC
MOV
INT
TEST
"NZ
MOV
INT
PRI NTER_BASE, 2FBH ; STORE ON-BOARD R5232 BASE IN
; PR I NTER BASE
BYTE PTR EQUIP _FlAG+l, Cl i STORE AS SECOND BYTE
ox, ox ; POINT TO FIRST SERIAL PORT
Cl,040H ; SERIAL PRINTER ATTACHED?
F19_C ; NO, SKIP INIT
RS232_BASE,02F8H ; PRINTER IN FIRST SERIAL PORT
F 19 B YES, JUMP
ox - NO POINT TO SECOND SERIAL PORT
AX,87H INIT SERIAL PRINTER
14H
AH, 1EH
F 19 C
Ax,OllaH
14H
ERROR?
YES, JUMP
SEND CANCEL COMMAND TO
. SERIAL PRINTER
09SC SA 0201
a9aF EC
0990 24 FO
0992 75 03
0994 E9 0043 R
0997 3C 20
0999 74 F9
0998 B 1 3E 0072 R 4321
09A! 74 OC
09A3 3C 10
09A5 74 OB
09A 7 C7 06 0072 R 1234
09AO CD 19
09AF FA
09BO 28 CO
09B2 BE DB
09B4 C7 06 0020 R FEA5 R
09BA CD 80
09BC
09Be BA 0201
09aF EC
09CO 24 FO
09C2 75 03
09C4 9 OA61 R
09C7 3C 10
09C9 75 03
0ge9 E9 OA61 R
09CE 8A FO
0900 80 FF OA
0903 7C 63
0905 53
0906 56
09D7 52
0908 B4 02
09DA BA 1521
0900 B7 07
09DF CD 10
09El
09E4
09E7
09EA
09EB
09EE
BE 0030 R
99 0005
2E 8A 04
4.
EB
E2
ISBA R
F7
09FO 86 16
09F2 84 02
09F4 CD 10
09FS 94 09
09F8 CD 10
09FA FE C2
09FC 3C 20
oaFE 75 F2
OAOD 5A
OAOI 5E
OA02 58
OA03 BO
OA06 74
OA08 80
FE 20
21
FE 40
OA08 74 lC
OAOD 2E: 8A 04
OA 10 E8 18BA R
OA13 80 FF 20
OA16 70 03
OA 18 E9 OABS R
OAIB IE
OAIC 50
OA 10 98 ---- R
OA20 8E 08
OA22 88 3 0018 R
OA26 58
OA27 IF
OA28 C3
MOV
IN
AND
JNZ
JMP
eMP
JE
eMP
JE
eMP
JE
MOV
INT
ASSUME
eLI
SUB
MOV
MOV
INT
OX,0201H
AL, OX GET MFG. / SERVICE MODE INFO
AL,OFOH IS HIGH ORDER NIBBLE = O?
F 19_1 (BURN-IN HODE)
START ELSE GO TO BEGINNING OF POST
AL, 001000008 SERV I CE MODE LOOP?
F 19_0 BRANCH TO START
RESET_FLAG,4321H ; OIAG. CONTROL PROGRAM RESTART?
F 19_3 ; NO, GO BOOT
AL, 00010000B ; MFG DCP RUN REQUEST
F 19 3
RESET_FLAG,1234H ; SET WARM START INDICATOR IN CASE
; OF CARTRIDGE RESET
I9H ; GO TO THE BOOT LOADER
OS: ASSO
AX,AX
OS, AX , RESET TIMER INT.
INT_PTR, OFFSET TIMER tNT
BOH ; ENTER DCP THROUGH INT. BOH
THIS SUBROUTINE IS THE GENERAL ERROR HANDLER FOR THE POST
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
SI = OFFSET(AOORESS) OF MESSAGE BUFFER
ax= ERROR CODE FOR MANUFACTURING OR SERVICE MODE
REGI STERS ARE NOT PRESERVEO
LOCATION "POST_ERR" IS SET NON-ZERO IF AN ERROR OCCURS IN
CUSTOMER MODE
SERVICE/MANUFACTURING FLAGS AS FOLLOWS (HIGH NIBBLE OF
PORT 201)
0000 = MANUFACTURING (BURN-IN) MODE
0001 = MANUFACTURING (SYSTEM TEST) MODE
0010 = SERVICE MODE (LOOP POST)
0100 = SERVICE MODE (SYSTEM TEST>
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
EMO:
EMl:
MOY OX,201H
IN AL, OX
AND AL,OFOH
JNZ EHO
.JMP MFG_OUT
CMP AL,000100008
JNE EM 1
,JMP MFG OUT
HOV DH, AL
CMP BH,OAH
JL
PUSH
BEEPS
BX
PUSH SI
PUSH OX
HOV AH,2
MOV OX, 1521H
MOV BH,7
tNT 10H
GET MODE 81 TS
ISOLATE BITS OF INTEREST
MANUFACTURING MODE (BURN-IN)
MFG. MODE (SYSTEM TEST)
SAVE MODE
ERROR CODE ABOVE OAH (CRT 5T ARTEO
DISPLAY POSSIBLE)?
DO BEEP OUTPUT IF BELOW 101-1
SAYE ERROR AND MODE FLAGS
SET CURSOR
ROW 21, COL.33
PAGE 7
MOV SI, OFFSET ERROR ERR
MOV CX,5 -; PRINT WORD "ERROR"
EM_O: MOV AL.CS:(SIl
INC SI
CALL PRT _HEX
LOOP EM 0
LOOK FOR A BLANK-SPACE TO POSSIBLY PUT CUSTOMER LEVEL ERRORS (IN
CASE OF MULTI ERROR)
MOY CH, ISH
EM_I: MOV AH,2
INT 10H
MOV
INT
INC
eMP
JNE
POP
POP
POP
eMP
JE
eMP
JE
MOV
CALL
eMP
JNL
JMP
ASSUME
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
MOV
MOV
POP
POP
ASSUME
RET
AH,8
10H
DL
AL,
EM 1
DX-
51
BX
OH, 001000008
SERV_OUT
OH,010000008
SERV_OUT
AL, CS; [51)
PRT HEX
BH,20H
EM_2
TOTLTPO
os: XXDATA
DS
AX
AX. XXDATA
as, AX
POST_ERR, BH
AX
OS
os: NOTHING
SET CURSOR
ROW 22, COL33 (OR ABOVE, IF
MULTIPLE ERRS)
READ CHARACTER THIS POSITION
PO I NT TO NEXT POST ION
BLANK?
GO CHECK NEXT POSITION, IF NOT
RECOVER ERROR PO INTERS
SERVICE MODE?
GET ERROR CHARACTER
DISPLAY IT
ERROR BELOW 207 (MEM TROUBLE?)
HALT SYSTEM IF SO.
SET ERROR FLAG NON-ZERO
; RETURN TO CALLER
ROM BIOS A-23
OA29 SERV_OUT:
OA29 8A C7 MOV AL, BH PRINT M5B
OA28 53 PUSH BX
OA2C EB 18A9 R CALL XPC_BYTE 01 SPLAY Ir
OA2F 5B POP BX
OA30 BA C3 MOV Al,8l PRINT lSB
OA32 EB 18A9 R CALL XPC 8YTE
OA35 E. OABB R JMP TOTLTPO
OA38 FA BEEPS: CLI
OA39 8C CB MOV AX, CS SET CODE 5EG; STACK SEG
OA3B 8E DO MOV 55, AX (STACK IS LOST, BUT THI NGS ARE
OVER, ANYWAY)
OA30 B2 02 MOV Dl,2 2 BEEPS
OA3F BC 0028 R MOV SP, OFFSET EX_O SET DUMMY RETURN
OA42 B3 01 EB: MOV Bl,l SHORT BEEP
OA44 E9 FF31 R JMP BEEP
OA47 E2 FE EBO lOOP EBO WAIT (BEEPER OFF)
OA49 FE eA DEC DL DONE VET?
OA48 75 F5 JNZ EB LOOP IF NOT
OA40 80 FF 05 CMP BH, aSH 64K CARD ERROR?
OA50 75
6'
JNE TOTL TPO END IF NOT
OA52 BO FE 20 CMP DH, 00 1000008 SERVICE MODE?
OA55 7. 05 JE EBI
OA57 aD FE 40 CMP OH,01000000B
OA5A 75 5F JNE TOTL TPO END IF NOT
OA5e B3 01 E81: MOV Bl,1 ONE MORE BEEP FOR 64K ERROR IF IN
SERV I CE MODE
OA5E E. FF31 R JMP BEEP
OA61 MFG_OUT:
OAG1 FA CLI
OA62 E. 61 IN AL, PORT_B
OA64 24 Fe AND AL, aFCH
OA66 E6 61 OUT PORT_B, Al
OA68 BA 0011 MOV OX,11H SENO DATA TO ADDRESSES II, 12
OA68 8A C7 MOV AL, BH
OA60 EE OUT DX, AL SEND HIGH BYTE
OA6E .2 INC ox
OA6F 8A C3 MOV AL, BL
OA71 EE OUT OX, AL ; SEND LOW BYTE
;
INIT. ON-BOARD RS232 PORT FOR COMMUNICATIONS W/MFG MONITOR
ASSUME OS: XXOATA
OA72 Ba ---- R MOV AX, XXOATA
OA75 8E DB MOV OS, AX POI NT TO DATA SEGMENT CONTAINING
CHECKPOI NT #
OA77 BC C8 MOV AX, CS
OA79 SE DO MOV SS, AX SET STACK FOR RTN
OA7B BC 002E R MOV SP, OFFSET EXI
OA7E BA 02FB MOV OX,02FBH LINE CONTROL REG. ADDRESS
OA81 E. FOSS R JMP S82S0 GO SET UP FOR 9600, ODD, 2 STOP
BITS, 8 BI TS
OA84 BB CA MOl: MOV CX, OX OX CAME BACK WITH XMIT REG
ADDRESS IN IT
OAB6 BA 02FC MOV OX,02FCH MODEM CONTROL REG
OA89 2A CO SUB AL, AL SET OTR AND RTS LOW SO POSSIBLE
WRAP PLUG WON'T CONFUSE THI NGS
OA8B EE OUT OX, AL
OASC SA 02FE MOV OX,02FEH MODEM STATUS REG
OASF EC M02: IN AL, OX
OA90 2. 10 AND AL,000100008 CTS UP YEP'
OA92 74 FB JZ M02 LOOP TILL IT IS
OA94 .A DEC ox SET OX;2FO (LINE STATUS REG)
OA95 87 01 XCHG OX, CX POINT TO XMIT. DATA REG
OA97 AD 0005 R MOV AL, HFG_TST GET MFG ROUT I NE ERROR INDICATOR
OA9A EE OUT OX, AL (MAY BE WRONG FOR EARLV ERRORS)
OA9B EB 00 JMP 5+2 DELAY
OA90 B7 01 XCHG OX, CX POI NT DX=2FO
OA9F EC M03; IN AL, ox TRANSMI T EMPTV?
OAAO 24 20 AND AL, 00 100000B
OAA2 EB 00 JMP $'2 DELAY
OAA4 74 F9 JZ M03 LOOP TILL IT IS
OAA6 87 01 XCHG OX, CX
OAA8 8A C7 MOV AL, BH GET MS8 OF ERROR WORD
OAAA EE OUT OX, AL
OAAB EB 00 JMP $'2 DELAY
OAAO 87 01 XCHG OX, CX
OAAF EC MO. IN AL, OX WAI T FOR XMI T EMPTY
OABO 24 20 AND AL,00100000B
OA82 EB 00 JMP $'2 DELAY
OA84 74 F9 JZ MO.
OAB6 8A C3 MOV AL, BL GET LS8 OF ERROR WORD
OABS S7 01 XCHG ox, CX
OABA EE OUT OX, AL
OABB TOlL lPO:
OABS FA CLI o I SABLE INlS.
OASC 2A CO SUB AL, AL
OASE ES F2 OUT OF2H, AL SlOP 0 I SKETlE MOTOR
OACO E6 AO OUT OAOH, AL DISABLE NMI
OAC2 F. HLT HALl
OAC3 C3 RET
OAc4 E_MSG ENOP
A-24 ROM BIOS
OAC4
OAC4 EC
OACS B3 02
OAC7 EB FE9F R
OACA 24 FO
OACC 75 2B
OACE E8 FE9A R
DAD 1 24 Fa
OAD3 75 21
OAD5 42
OAD6 EB FEBA R
OAD9 24 EO
OADB 75 13
OADD E8 FESA R
OAEO 24 BO
OAE2 75 12
OAE4 BO 60
OAE6 EE
OAE7 EB 00
OAE9 42
OAEA 32 CO
OAEe EE
OAED EB FEAO R
OAFO 83 EA OS
OAF3 EC
OAF4 FB
OAF5 C3
OAF6 FS
OAF7 C3
OAFB
SUBROUTINE TO INITIALIZE INSB250 PORTS TO THE MASTER RESET
STATUS. THI S ROUT! NE ALSO TESTS THE PORTS' PERMANENT
ZERO 81 TS
EXPECTS TO BE PASSED:
(OX) = ADDRESS OF THE 8250 TRANSMIT/RECEIVE BUFFER
UPON RETURN:
(CF) = 1 I F ONE OF THE PORTS' PERMANENT ZERO BITS WAS NOT
ZERO (ERR)
(OX) = PORT ADDRESS THAT FAILED TEST
(AU :;; MEAN I NGlESS
(au = 2 I NTR ENBl REG B ITS NOT 0
3 INTR [0 REG BITS NOT 0
4 MODEM CTRl REG BI TS NOT 0
5 LINE STAT REG BITS NOT 0
o I F ALL PORTS' PERMANENT ZERO 91 TS WERE ZERO
(OX) = TRANSMI T /REeEl VE BUFFER ADDRESS
( Al) :; LAST VALUE READ FROM RECE I VER BUFFER
(BU :; 5 (MEANINGLESS)
PORTS SET UP AS FOLLOWS ON ERROR-FREE RETURN:
XF9 - I NTR ENBl REG = 0 ALL INTERRUPTS DISABLED
XFA - INTR 10 REG = 000000019 NO INTERRUPTS PENDING
XFB - LINE CTRl REG :::: ALL BITS LOW
XFC - MODEM CTRL REG = ALL BITS LOW
XFD - LINE STAT REG = 011000009 TRANSMITTER HOLDING
REGI STER AND TRANSMITTER EMPTY ON
XFE - HODEM STAT REG = XXXXOOOOB wHERE X '5 REPRESENT
J NPUT 51 GNALS
REGISTERS OX, AL, AND BL ARE ALTERED. NO OTHER REGISTERS USED.
B250 PRoe NEAR
IN
MOV
CALL
AND
JNE
CAll
AND
JNE
INC
CALL
AND
JNE
CALL
AND
JNE
MOV
OUT
JMP
INC
XOR
OUT
CALL
SUB
IN
CLe
RET
Al, ox
8l,2
002
Al,11110000B
AT20
OR1
AL,11111000B
AT20
DX
R01
AL, 111000008
AT20
RR1
AL, 10000000B
AT20
AL,60H
OX, Al
$+2
DX
Al, AL
0)(, AL
003
OX,6
Al, OX
READ RECVR BUFFER BUT IGNORE
CONTENTS
ERROR INDICATOR
READ 1 NTR EN8L REG
BI TS 4-7 OFF'?
NO - ERROR
READ I NTR 10 REG
BI TS 3-7 OFF?
NO
LI NE CTRL REG
READ MODEM CTRL REG
BI TS 5-7 OFF"?
NO
READ LINE STAT REG
BIT 7 OFF?
NO
I/O DELAV
MODEM STAT REG
WI RED BITS WI LL BE HI GH
CLEAR 8 I TS 0-3 I N CASE THEY'RE ON
AFTER WRITING TO STATUS REG
RECEI VER BUFFER
I N CASE Wft IT I NG TO PORTS CAUSED
DATA READY TO GO HIGH!
AT20: STC ERROR RETURN
RET
8250 ENDP
SUBROUTI NE TO TEST A PARTl CULAR 8250 I NTERRUPT. PASS IT THE
(BIT' + 1) OF THE STATUS REGISTER THAT IS TO BE TESTED
THIS ROUTINE SETS THAT BIT AND CHECKS TO SEE IF THE CORRECT
8250 INTERRUPT IS GENERATED.
I T EXPECTS TO BE PASSED
OR
OR
(AH) = BIT TO BE TESTED
(BU = INTERRUPT IDENTIFIER
(0) = RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE OR TRANSMITTER HOLDING
REGISTER EMPTY I NTERRUPT TEST
(1) = RECEIVER LINE STATUS OR MODEM STATUS INTERRUPT
TEST
(BH) :::: BITS WHICH DETERMINE WHICH INTERRUPT IS TO BE
CHECKED
(0) :::: HODEM STATUS
(2) = TRANSMITTER HOLDING REGISTER EMPTY
(4) = RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE
(6) = RECEIVER LINE STATUS
(CX) :::: VALUE TO SUBTRACT AND ADO I N ORDER TO REFERENCE THE
INTERRUPT IDENTIFICATION REGISTER
(3) = RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE, TRANSMITTER HOLDING
REGISTER AND RECEIVER LINE STATUS INTERRUPTS
(4) = MODEM STATUS INTERRUPT
(OX) = ADDRESS OF THE LINE STATUS OR MODEM STATUS REGISTER
I T RETURNS:
(AU OFFH IF TEST FAILS - EITHER NO INTERRUPT OCCURRED OR
THE WRONG I NTERRUPT OCCURRED
(AU CONTENTS OF THE INTERRUPT ID REGISTER FOR RECEIVED
DATA AVAILABLE AND TRANSMITTER HOLDING REGISTER
EMPTY INTERRUPTS
-OR-
CONTENTS OF THE LINE STATUS OR MODEM STATUS REGISTER
DEPENDING ON WHICH ONE WAS TESTED.
lOX) = ADDRESS OF INTERRUPT 10 REGISTER FOR RECEIVED DATA
AVA I LABlE OR TRANSM I TTER HOLD I NG REG I STER EMPTY
INTERRUPTS
(OX) = ADDRESS OF THE LINE STATUS OR DATA SET STATUS
REGISTER (DEPENDING ON WHICH INTERRUPT WAS TESTED)
NO OTHER REGISTERS ARE ALTERED
ROM BIOS A-25
OAFS
OAFB EC
OAF9 EB 00
OAFB OA C4
OAFO EE
OAFE 2B Dl
OBOO 51
0801 2B C9
OB03 EC
OB04 AB 01
OB06 74 02
OBOS E2 F9
OBOA S9
0808 3A C7
0800 75 09
OBOF OA DB
0811 74 07
OB13 03 Dl
0815 EC
081& EB 02
OB18 80 FF
081A C3
081B
OB18
OBIB FB
OBIC 2B CO
OB1E CD 10
0820 28 CO
OB22 BE 08
0824 E4 62
OB2& 24 04
0828 75 28
OB2A C7 06 0078 R EFC7 R
OB30 8t DE DD7A R
OB34 88 0004
0837 51
OB38 84 00
OB3A CD 13
083C 72 OF
OB3E 88 0201
OB41 28 02
OB43 8E C2
OB45 88 7COO R
0848 88 0001
0949 CD 13
084D 59
084E 73 04
0850 E2 5
0852 CD 18
OB54 EA 7COO ---- R
0859
A-26 ROM BIOS
ieT
AT21:
PRoe
IN
JMP
OR
OUT
SUB
PUSH
SUB
IN
TEST
JE
LOOP
NEAR
AL,DX
0+2
AL,AH
DX,AL
OX,CX
CX
CX,CX
AL,DX
AL,l
AT22
AT21
READ STATUS REGISTER
110 DELAY
SET TEST BIT
WRITE IT TO THE STATUS REGISTER
PO I NT TO I NTERRUPT 10 REG I STER
WA I T FOR 9250 I NTERRUPT TO OCCUR
READ I NTR I DREG
I NTERRUPT PEND I NG?
'1ES -RETURN WI I NTERRUPT 10 IN AL
NO - TRY AGAIN
AT22: POP CX AL = 1 I F NO I NTERRUPT OCCURRED
INTERRUPT WE'RE LOOKING FOR? CMP
JNE
OR
JE
ADD
IN
JMP
AL,BH
AT23
BL,BL
AT24
NO
DONE WITH TEST FOR THIS INTERRUPT
RETURN WI CONTENTS OF I NTR 10 REG
READ STATUS REGISTER TO CLEAR THE
INTERRUPT (WHEN BL= 1)
AT23: MOV
DX, CX
AL.OX
SHORT AT24
AL,OFFH
RETURN CONTENTS OF STATUS REG
SET ERROR I ND 1 CATOR
AT24: RET
ICT ENDP
; --- I NT 19 --------------------------------------------
BOOT STRAP LOADER
TRACK 0, SECTOR 1 IS READ I NTO THE
BOOT LOCATION (SEGMENT O. OFFSET 7COO)
AND CONTROL I S TRANSFERRED THERE.
I F THE DISKETTE I S NOT PRESENT OR HAS A
PROBLEM LOADING (E. G . NOT READY), AN INT.
18H IS EXECUITEO. IF A CARTRIDGE HAS VECTORED
I NT. 18H TO ITSELF. CONTROL WI LL BE PASSED TO
THE CARTRIDGE.
ASSUME CS: CODE, OS: ABSO
BOOT_STRAP PROC NEAR
STI ENABLE INTERRUPTS
SUB AX.AX SET 40X25 elw MODE ON CRT
tNT 10H
SUB AX,AX ESTABLI SH ADDRESS I NG
MOY OS.AX
----- SEE IF DISKETTE PRESENT
IN AL,PORT_C GET CONFIG BITS
AND AL.OOOOOI00B IS DISKETTE PRESENT?
JNZ H3 ; NO. THEN ATTEMPT TO GO TO CART.
; ----- RESET THE DISK PARAMETER TABLE VECTOR
HI:
H2:
MOY WORD PTR DISK_POINTER, OFFSET DISK_BASE
MOV WORD PTR DISK_PO I NTER"'2, CS
LOAD SYSTEM FROM DISKETTE -- CX HAS RETRY COUNT
MOV CX, 4 SET RETRY COUNT
PUSH CX SAVE RETRV COUNT
MOV AH.O RESET THE DISKETTE SYSTEM
INT 13H DISKETTE 10
JC H2 IF ERROR:- TRY AGAIN
MOV AX,201H READ IN THE SINGLE SECTOR
SUB OX. OX TO THE BOOT LOCATI ON
MOV ES,DX
MOV BX, OFFSET
MOV eX.l
INT 13H
POP CX
JNe H3A
LOOP HI
BOOT_LOCH
DRIVE D. HEAD 0
SECTOR 1, TRACK 0
DISKETTE 10
RECOVER RETRV COUNT
; ----- UNABLE TO I PL FROM THE
CF SET BY UNSUCCESSFUL READ
; 00 IT FOR RETRY TI MES
DISKETTE
H3: INT IBH ; GO TO BASIC OR CARTRIDGE
; ----- I PL WAS SUCCESSFUL
H3A: JMP BOOT_LOCN
BOOT_STRAP ENDP
THIS ROUTINE PERfORMS A READIWRITE TEST ON A BLOCK OF
STORAGE (MAX. SIZE = 32KB>. IF "WARM START". FILL
BLOCK WITH 0000 AND RETURN.
DATA PATTERNS USED:
O-)FF ON ONE BYTE TO TEST DATA BUS
AAAA. 5555, DOFF, FFOO FOR ALL WORDS
FILL WITH 0000 BEFORE EXIT
ON ENTRY:
ES = ADDRESS OF STORAGE TO BE TESTED
OS = ADDRESS OF STORAGE TO BE TESTED
ex = WORD COUNT OF STORAGE BLOCK TO BE TESTED
(MAX. = BOOOH (32K WORDS)
ON EXIT:
ZERO FLAG :; OFF I F STORAGE ERROR
IF ZERO FLAG = OFF. THEN CX = XOR'ED BIT PATTERN
OF THE EXPECTED DATA PATTERN VS. THE ACTUAL DATA
READ. (I.E . A BIT "ON" IN AL IS THE BIT IN ERROR)
AH=03 IF BOTH BYTES OF WORD HAYE ERRORS
AH=02 I FLOW (EVEN) BYTE HAS ERROR
AH=Ol IF HI (ODD) BYTE HAS ERROR
AX,BX,CX,DX,Dl,Sl ARE ALL DESTROYED.
0959
0859 Fe
085A 28 FF
085e 28 co
085E 8E D8
0860 89 1E 0472 R
0864 B 1 FB 1234
0968 8e C2
OB6A 8E DA
OB6C 75 08
OB6E F31 AS
0870 BE DB
0872 89 1E 0472 R
0876 BE DA
0878 C3
0879 Bl FB 4321
0870 74 EF
087F 88 05
OSBI SA 05
OB83 32 C4
08B5 74 03
08S7 E9 OCOC R
OB8A FE C4
088C BA C4
aBBE 75 EF
0890 88 E9
0892 BB AAAA
OB95 88 08
0897 8A 5555
OB9A F31 AS
089C 4F
0890 4F
089E FD
OB9F 89 F7
OBAI 88 CD
OBA3
08A3 AD
08A4 33 C3
08A6 75 64
08A8 B8 C2
OBAA A8
OBAS E2 F6
OBAD 88 CD
08AF FC
0880 46
OB81 46
0892 Ba FE
OB84 BB DA
OB96 SA OOFF
OS89 AD
Os8A 33 C3
osee 75 4E
088E BB C2
aBeD AB
OSCI E2 F6
08e3 88 CD
OBe5 FD
OS'C6 4E
OBC7 4E
oses 88 FE
OBCA 88 DA
OBCC F7 02
oaCE OA 02
OSDO 74 E7
OBD2 Fe
OBD3 83 C6 04
OS06 F7 02
OB08 88 FE
oaDA 88 CD
OBDC
osnc AD
0900 33 t2
oaDF 75 2S
aBEl AB
OB2 E2 FB
09E4 FD
OBE5 4E
OSE6 4E
08E7 BA 0201
OBEA EC
OBEB 24 FO
aBED 3C Fa
oaEF 74 10
OSF 1 BC C9
OBF3 BC D3
OBF5 3B CO
OBF7 74 08
OBF9 80 18
POOSTG PROt
ASSUME
CLD
SUB
SUB
HOY
HOY
CHP
HOY
HOY
JNE
P 12 REP
HOY
HOY
HOY
RET
P 1: eMP
JE
P2: MOV
HOY
'OR
JZ
JHP
PY, INC
P3:
PX;
P4:
HOY
JNZ
HOY
HOY
HOY
HOY
REP
DEC
DEC
STO
HOY
HOY
LODSW
'OR
JNZ
HOY
STOSW
LOOP
HOY
CLD
INC
INC
HOY
HOY
HOV
LODSW
'OR
JNZ
HOV
STOSW
LOOP
HOV
STD
DEC
DEC
HOV
HOY
NOT
OR
JZ
CLD
ADO
NOT
HOV
HOY
LODSW
'OR
JNZ
STOSW
NEAR
OS: ASSO
OI, OJ
AX,AX
SET DIRECTION TO INCREMENT
SET 0 I =0000 REL. TO START OF SEG
INITIAL DATA PATTERN FOR OO-FF
TEST
OS, AX , SET DS TO ABSO
BX,DATA_WORD[RESET_FLAG-DATAl ; WARM START?
ax, 1234H
DX,ES
OS, OX
PI
STOSW
OS, AX
RESTORE .os
SIMPLE FILL WITH 0 ON WARM-START
DATA_WORD [RESET_FLAG-DATA], ex
OS, ox RESTORE OS
ex, 4321H
P12
[01], AL
AL, [01]
AL, AH
py
P8
A"
AL,AH
P2
SP, CX
AX,OAAAAH
eX,AX
DX,05555H
5TOSW
DI
DI
51,DI
CX, BP
AX,ex
P8
AX, OX
P3
ex, SP
51
51
DI,51
BX, OX
OX, OOFFH
AX, ex
P8
AX, OX
P,
ex, SP
51
SI
01, SI
BX, ox
D.
DL,OL
P.
SI,4
O.
OJ,51
CX,BP
AX, ox
P8
AND EXIT
DlAG. RESTART?
00 FILL WITH ZEROS
WRI TE TEST DATA
GET IT BACK
COMPARE TO EXPECTED
ERROR EXIT IF MISCOMPARE
FORM NEW DATA PATTERN
LOOP TILL ALL 256 DATA PATTERNS
DONE
SAVE WORD COUNT
LOAD DATA PATTERN
LOAD OTHER DATA PATTERN
FI LL WORDS FRO" LOW TO HI GH
WITH AAAA
POI NT TO LAST WORD WRITTEN
SET 0 I RECT I ON FLAG TO GO DOWN
SET INDEX REGS. EQUAL
RECOVER WORD COUNT
GO FROM HI GH TO LOW
GET WORD FROM MEMORY
EQUAL WHAT SIS THERE?
GO ERROR EXl T I F NOT
GET 55 DATA PATTERN
STORE. IT IN LOCATION .JUST READ
LOOP TI LL ALL 8YTES DONE
RECOVER WORD COUNT
BACK TO INCREMENT
ADJUST PTRS
SIB DATA PATTERN TO BX
DATA FOR CHECKERBOARD PATTERN
GET WORD FROM MEMORY
EQUAL WHAT SIB THERE?
G.O ERROR EXIT I F NOT
GET OTHER PATTERN
STORE IT IN LOCATION JUST READ
LOOP TI LL ALL BVTES DONE
RECOVER WORD COUNT
DECREMENT
ADJUST PTRS
SIB DATA PATTERN TO SX
MAKE PATTERN FFOO
F"I"RST PASS?
INCREMENT
LOW TO HIGH
GET A WORD
SHOULD COMPARE TO OX
GO ERROR I F NOT
WRITE 0000 BACK TO LOCATION
JUST READ
LOOP P4 LOOP TI Ll DONE
STO BACK TO DECRE"ENT
DEC 51 AD.JUST POI NTER DOWN TO LAST WORD
DEC SI ; WRITTEN
CHECK IF IN SERVICE/MFG MODES, IF SO, PERFORM REFRESH CHECK
HOV DX,20tH
IN AL,DX GET OPTION BITS
AND AL,OFOH
CMP AL,OFOH ALL BITS HIGH=NORMAL MODE
.JE P6
MOV CX, CS
"OV ax, SS
C"P ex, ex ; SEE IF IN PRE-STACK MODE
JE PG ; BYPASS RETENTJ ON TEST I F SO
"OV AL,24 ; SET OUTER LOOP COUNT
WAIT ABOUT G-B SECONDS WITHOUT ACCESSING ME"ORY
I F REFRESH I S NOT WORKI NG PROPERLY, THI S SHOULD
8E ENOUGH TJ"E FOR SOME DATA TO GO SOUR.
ROM BIOS A-27
OBFS E2 FE
OBFO FE C8
OOFF 75 FA
OCOI BS eo
oe03 AD
oe04 DB co
oe06 75 04
oe08 E2 F9
oeOA EB 13
oeoc 88 co
oeOE 32 E4
OCI0 OA ED
oe12 74 02
OC14 FE e4
oe16 OA C9
oe18 74 03
DelA 80 e4 02
oel0 OA E4
oelF FC
OC20 C3
oe21
oe21
OC21 IE
oe22 55
OC23 50
oe24 53
oe25 51
OC26 52
OC27 80 OC4A R
OC2A 8A 8000
oe20 83 IF
oe2F CD 82
oe31 B3 00
OC33 82 00
Oe35 B6 94
OC37 80 OCDD R
oe3A CD 82
OC3e FE e3
oe3E 80 FA 20
OC41 7e F2
OC43 SA
oe44 59
OC45 58
OC46 58
oe47 50
OC48 IF
oe49 C3
oe4A
OC4A 03
OC49 20 De
= OC40
OC4D 28 FB
OC4F 28 F8
oe51 02 07 01 09 03 04
09 04 01 FB
oe58 02 07 01 OA 02 05
07 05 01 FB
oe65 02 07 01 OB 01 06
05 06 a 1 Fa
OC6F 04 03 05 03 03 03
03 05 03 05 03 FB
OC78 04 03 05 03 03 03
03 06 01 06 03 F8
OC87 04 03 05 08 04 00
03 FB
OC8F D4 03 05 07 05 00
03 Fa
OC97 04 03 05 08 04 00
03 FB
oe9F 04 03 05 03 03 03
03 00 03 FB
DCA9 04 03 05 03 03 03
03 03 01 05 01 03
03 FB
OCB7 02 07 01 OB 01 05
02 03 02 05 01 FB
oeC3 02 07 01 OA 02 05
03 01 03 05 01 FB
oeeF 02 07 01 09 03 05
01 05 01 FB
OC09 28 F8
oeDe 28 FC
OCOD 02
OCDE DB
= OCDF
ocaF 02 77 02 77 02 77
02 77 02 Fe
A-28 ROM BIOS
P5: LOOP P5
DEC AL
JNZ P5
P6: HOV CX,BP RECOVER WORD COUNT
P7: LODSW GET WORD
OR AX, AX = TO 0000
JNZ P8 ERROR IF NOT
LOOP P7 lOOP Tl LL DONE
JHP SHORT Pl1 THEN EXIT
P8: HOV CX, AX SAVE Bl TS I N ERROR
XOR AH,AH
OR CH,CH HI GH BVTE ERROR?
JZ P9
INC AH SET HIGH BYTE ERROR
P9: OR Cl, Cl LOW BYTE ERROR?
JZ PI0
ADD AH,2
PI0; OR AH.AH SET ZERO FlAG=O (ERROR INDICATION
P11 CLD SET D I R FLAG BACK TO INCREMENT
RET RETURN TO CALLER
PODSTG ENDP
; *******************************************************
PUT_LOGO PROCEDURE
TH I S PRoe SETS UP PO I NTERS AND CALLS THE SCREEN
OUTPUT ROUTINE SO THAT THE IBM LOGO, A MESSAGE,
AND A COLOR BAR ARE PUT UP ON THE SCREEN.
, AX, BX, AND OX ARE DESTROYED. ALL OTHERS ARE SAVED
; ***************** ****-*******************************
PUT_LOGO PROC NEAR
AGAIN:
PUSH OS
PUSH BP
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
HOV
HOV
INT
HOV
HOV
HOV
HOV
INT
INC
CHP
JL
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
RET
AX
8X
CX
OX
BP, OFFSET LOGO
OX, BOOOH
Bl,00011111B
82H
Bl.000000008
OL,O
DH,94H
8P, OFFSET COLOR
82H
8L
DL,32
AGAIN
OX
CX
8X
AX
BP
OS
POI NT DH Dl AT ROW, COLUMN 0, a
; ATTRIBUTE OF CHARACTERS TO BE
; WRITTEN
; CALL OUTPUT Roun NE
; INITIALIZE ATTRIBUTE
; I N I TI ALI ZE COLUMN
; SET LINE
i OUTPUT G I YEN COLOR BAR
; CALL OUTPUT ROUT! NE
INCREMENT ATTRIBUTE
IS THE COLUMN COUNTER POINTING
PAST 407
IF NOT, DO IT AGAIN
RESTORE BP
RESTORE OS
PUT LOGO ENDP
LOGO DB
08
LOGO E - lOGO
, ',220
S
DB 40,-5
DB 40, -s
DB 2,7,1,9,3,4,9,4,1,-5
DB 2,7,1,10,2,5,7,5,1,-5
DB 2,7,1,11,1,6,5,6,1,-5
DB 4,3,5,3,3,3,3,5,3,5,3,-5
DB 4,3,5,3,3,3,3,6,1,6,3,-5
DB 4,3,5,8,4,13,3,-5
DB 4,3,5,7,5,13,3,-5
DB 4,3,5,8,4,13,3,-5
DB
DB
DB
DB
08
DB
DB
COLOR DB
08
DB
4,3,5,3,3,3,3,13,3, -5
4,3,5,3,3,3,3,3,1,5, 1,3,3,-5
2,7, I, II, 1,5,2,3,2,5, 1,-5
2,7,1,10,2,5,3,1,3,5,1,-5
2,7,1,9,3,5,7,5,1,-5
40, -5
40, -4
COLOR_E - COLOR
21.
S
2, 121-2,2, 121-2,2, 121-2,2, 121-2,2,-4
ASSUME OS; DATA
--- I NT 10 -------------------------------------------------------
VIDEO_IO
THESE ROUTINES PROVIDE THE CRT INTERFACE
THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS ARE PROVIDED;
(AH)=O SET MODE CAU CONTAINS MODE VALUE
(AL)=O 40X25 BW (POWER ON DEFAULT)
(AU=1 40X25 COLOR
(AU;;;2 80)(25 BW
(AL ) =3 80)(25 COLOR
GRAPHICS MODES
(AL)=4 320X200 04 COLOR
(AU=5 320)(200 BW 4 SHADES
(AL);;;6 640X200 BW 2 SHADES
CAl)=7 NOT VALID
_... EXTENDED MOOES .*.
e AL) =S 160X200 16 COLOR
(Al) =9 320X200 16 COLOR
(AL) =A 640X200 4 COLOR
*** NOTE BW MODES OPERATE SAME AS COLOR MODES. BUT
COLOR BURST I S NOT ENABLED
*.* NOTE IF HIGH ORDER BIT IN AL IS SET, THE REGEN
BUFFER t 5 NOT CLEARED.
(AH) = 1 SET CURSOR TVPE
C CH} = BITS 4-0 = START LI NE FOR CURSOR
if. HARDWARE WILL ALWAVS CAUSE BLINK
** SETTING BIT 5 OR 6 WILL CAUSE ERRATIC
BLINKING OR NO CURSOR AT ALL
IN GRAPHICS MODES, BIT 5 IS FORCED ON TO
o I SABLE THE CURSOR
(CL) = BITS 4-0 = END LINE FOR CURSOR
CAH}=2 SET CURSOR POSITION
(DH,DL};;; ROW,COLUMN (0,0) IS UPPER LEFT
CBH) = PAGE NUMBER (MUST BE 0 FOR GRAPHICS MODES)
( AH};;:3 READ CURSOR POS I TI ON
CBH) = PAGE NUMBER (MUST BE 0 FOR GRAPHICS MODES)
ON EXIT (DH,DL) = ROW. COLUMN OF CURRENT CURSOR
(CH, Cl) = CURSOR MODE CURRENTLV SET
(AH):4 READ LIGHT PEN POSITION
ON EXIT:
(AH) : 0 -- LIGHT PEN SWITCH NOT DOWN/NOT TRIGGERED
CAH) = 1 -- VALID LIGHT PEN VALUE IN REGISTERS
CDH,DL) = ROW,COLUMN OF CHARACTER LP POSN
(CH) : RASTER LINE CO-199)
<SK} = PIKEL COLUMN (0-319,639)
(AH.=5 SELECT ACTIVE DISPLAY PAGE (VALID ONLY FOR
ALPHA MODES)
(ALl=NEW PAGE VALUE CO-7 FOR HODES DIU, 0-3 FOR
MODES 2113)
IF BIT 7 (SOH) OF AL=l
READ/WRITE CRT/CPU PAGE REGISTERS
CAll = 80H READ CRT/CPU PAGE REGISTERS
(AL) BIH SET CPU PAGE REGISTER
(BL) : VALUE TO SET
CAL) 82H SET CRT PAGE REGISTER
(BH) = VALUE TO SET
(All 83H SET BOTH CRT AND CPU PAGE REGISTERS
(BL) = VALUE TO SET I N CPU PAGE REG I STER
CBH) = VALUE TO SET IN CRT PAGE REGISTER
IF BIT 7 (SOH) OF AL:l
ALWAVS RETURNS (BH) = CONTENTS OF CRT PAGE REG
(8L I = CONTENTS OF CPU PAGE REG
(AH):6 SCROLL ACTIVE PAGE UP
CAL) = NUMBER OF LINES, INPUT LINES BLANKED AT
BOTTOM OF WINDOW, AL ;;: 0 MEANS BLANK
ENTIRE WINDOW
(CH,CLJ = ROW,COLUMN OF UPPER LEFT CORNER OF
SCROLL
(OH.DL) ;;: ROW,COLUMN OF LOWER RIGHT CORNER OF
SCROLL
CBH) = ATTRIBUTE TO BE USED ON BLANK LINE
(AH}=7 SCROLL ACTIVE PAGE DOWN
tAL J = NUMBER OF Ll NES, INPUT LINES BLANKED AT TOP
OF WINDOW, AL=O MEANS BLANk ENTIRE WINDOW
(CH,CL) = ROW,COLUMN OF UPPER LEFT CORNER OF
SCROLL
<OH, DL) = ROW, COLUMN OF LOWER RI GHT CORNER OF
SCROLL
(BH) : ATTRIBUTE TO BE USED ON BLANK LINE
CHARACTER HANDLING ROUTINES
(AH) = 8 READ ATTRIBUTE/CHARACTER AT CURRENT CURSOR POSITION
(SH) = DISPLAV PAGE (VALID FOR ALPHA MODES ONLY)
ON EXIT:
(AL) = CHAR READ
(AH) = ATTRIBUTE OF CHARACTER READ (ALPHA MODES
ONLY)
(AH) = 9 WRITE ATTRIBUTE/CHARACTER AT CURRENT CURSOR
POSITION
(BH) = DISPLAV PAGE (VALlO FOR ALPHA MODES ONLY)
(ex) = COUNT OF CHARACTERS TO WRITE
tAL> CHAR TO WRITE
(Bl) = ATTRIBUTE OF CHARACTER (ALPHA) /COLOR OF
CHARACTER (GRAPHICS). SEE NOTE ON WRITE
DOT FOR BIT 7 OF BL = 1.
(AH) 10 (DAH) WRITE CHARACTER ONLY AT CURRENT CURSOR
POSITION
(BHJ DISPLAV PAGE (VALID FOR ALPHA MODES ONLY)
(CX) COUNT OF CHARACTERS TO WRITE
(AL) CHAR TO WRITE
(Bl) COLOR OF CHAR (GRAPHI CS)
SEE NOTE ON WRITE DOT FOR BI T 7 OF BL = 1.
ROM BIOS A-29
A-30 ROM BIOS
FOR READlWRITE CHARACTER INTERFACE WHILE IN GRAPHICS MODE,
THE CHARACTERS ARE FORMED FROM A CHARACTER
GENERATOR I MAGE MA I NT A I NED I N THE SYSTEM ROM.
INtERRUPT -44H (LOCATION 00110H) IS USED TO
POINT TO THE lK ByrE TABLE CONTAINING THE
FIRST 128 CHARS (0-127).
INTERRUPT lFH (LOCATION 0007CH) 15 USED TO
POUlT TO THE lK BVTE TABLE CONTAINING THE SECOND
128 CHARS C 128-255) .
FOR WRI TE CHARACTER 'NlERFACE IN GRAPH I c.s MODE, THE
REPLI CATION FACTOR CaNT A I NED IN (ex) ON ENTRY WilL
PRODUCE VAll 0 RESULTS ONL V FOR CHARACTERS
CONTAINED ON THE SAME ROW. CONTINUATION TO
SUCCEEDING LINES WILL NOT PRODUCE CORRECTLY.
GRAPHICS INTERFACE
(AH) = 11 (OSH) SET COLOR PALETTE
(BH) PALETTE COLOR 10 BEING SET (0-127)
CBl) ;:: COLOR VALUE TO BE USED WITH THAT COLOR tD
COLOR I D 0 SELECTS THE BACKGROUND
COLOR (0-1!!)
COLOR J 0 = 1 SELECTS THE PALETTE TO BE
USED:
2 COLOR MODE:
o = WHITE FOR COLOR 1
1 = BLACK FOR COLOR 1
4 COLOR MOOES,
o = GREEN, RED, BROWN FOR
COLORS 1,2,3
1 = CVAN, MAGENTA, WHI TE FOR
COLORS 1,2,3
16 COLOR MODES:
ALWAYS SETS UP PALETTE AS:
BLUE FOR COLOR 1
GREEN FOR COLOR 2
CYAN FOR COLOR 3
RED FOR COLOR 4
MAGENTA FOR COLOR 5
BROWN FOR COLOR 6
LIGHT GRAY FOR COLOR 7
DARK GRAY FOR COLOR B
LIGHT BLUE FOR COLOR 9
LIGHT GREEN FOR COLOR 10
LI GHT CYAN FOR COLOR 11
.L I GHT RED FOR COLOR 12
LIGHT MAGENTA FOR COLOR 13
YELLOW FOR COLOR 14
WHI TE FOR COLOR 15
IN 40X25 OR 80X25 ALPHA MODES, THE VALUE SET
FOR PALETTE COLOR a I ND1CATES THE BORDER
COLOR TO 8E USED. IN GRAPHIC MODES, IT
INDICATES THE BORDER COLOR AND THE
BACKGROUND COLOR.
CAH) 12 (OCH) WRITE DOT
(OX) = ROW NUMBER
C ex) = COLUMN NUMBER
(Al) = COLOR VALUE
IF BIT 7 OF AL = 1, THEN THE COLOR VALUE IS
EXCLUSIVE OR '0 WITH THE CURRENT CONTENTS OF
THE DOT
(AH) 13 (DOH) READ DOT
(OX) = ROW NUMBER
(CX) = COLUMN NUMBER
(AL) RETURNS THE DOT READ
ASCI I TELETYPE ROUTINE FOR OUTPUT
(AH) = 14 COEH) WRITE TELETYPE TO ACTIVE PAGE
(AL) = CHAR TO WRITE
C BL) = FOREGROUND COLOR IN GRAPHI CS MODE
NOTE -- SCREEN WIDTH IS CONTROLLED BV PREVIOUS
MODE SET
(AH) 15 (OFH) CURRENT VIDEO STATE
RETURNS THE CURRENT VIDEO STATE
CAL) =: MODE CURRENTL V SET (SEE AH=O FOR
EXPLANATION)
(AH) = NUMBER OF CHARACTER COLUMNS ON SCREEN
(BH) = CURRENT ACTI VE 0 I SPLAY PAGE
(AH) 16 (10H) SET PALETTE REGISTERS
NOTE:
CAL) 0 SET PALETTE REGISTER
CBU = PALETTE REGISTER TO SET (OOH - OFH)
(BH) = VALUE TO SET
(Al) 1 SET BORDER COLOR REGISTER
(8H) ::: VALUE TO SET
CAL) 2 SET ALL PALETTE REGISTERS AND BORDER
REGISTER
ES:OX POINTS TO A 17 BYTE LIST
BYTES 0 THRU 15 ARE VALUES ,FOR PALETTE
REGI STERS 0 THRU 15
BYTE 16 I S THE VALUE FOR THE BORDER
REGISTER
IN MODES USING A 32K REGEN (9 AND A), ACCESS THROUGH THE CPU
REGISTER BY USE OF BBOOH SEGMENT VALUE ONLY REACHES THE
FIRST 16K. BIOS USES THE CONTENTS OF THE CPU PAGE REG
CBITS 3,4, a 5 OF PAGDAT IN BIOS DATA AREA) TO DERIVE THE
PROPER SEGMENT VALUE.
CS, 55, OS, ES, BX, CX, OX PRESERVED DURING CALL
ALL OTHERS DESTROYED
OCE9
OCE9 ODA5
OCEe E45E
OCED E488
OCEr E520
OCF 1 F751
ocr3 E483
OCF5 E503
OCF7 E63F
OCF9 FOE4
OCFe F 113
OCFO F 12C
OCFF E543
0001 F IB7
0003 F146 R
0005 1992
0007 E581
0009 E6B5
= 0022
0008
0008 FB
ODOC FC
0000 06
ODOE 1E
OOOF 52
0010 51
0011 53
0012 56
0013 57
OD14 50
0015 BA C4
OD17 32 E4
0019 01 EO
ODIB BB Fa
0010 3D 0022
0020 72 04
OD22 58
0023 E. OF70
0026 E8 1388
0029 BB 8800
002C BO 3E 0049 R D.
0031 72 D.
0033 BA 26 OOSA R
0037 80 E4 3B
OD3A 00 EC
ODlC 8E CO
OD3E 58
003F BA 26 0049 R
0043 2E: FF A4 OCE9 R
OD48
VIDEO GATE ARRAY REGISTERS
PORT 3DA OUTPUT
REG 0 MODE CONTROL 1 REGI STER
OIH +HI BANDWIDTH/-LOW BANDWIDTH
02H +GRAPHICS/-ALPHA
04H +B8W
OSH +VIOEO ENABLE
10H +16 COLOR GRAPH! CS
REG 1 PALETTE MASK REI STER
o IH PALETTE MASK 0
02H PALETTE MASK 1
04H PALETTE MASK 2
OSH PALETTE MASK 3
REG 2 BORDER COLOR REGISTER
01H BLUE
02H GREEN
04H RED
OSH I NTENS I TV
REG 3 MODE CONTROL 2 REGI STER
o IH RESERVED -- MUST BE ZERO
02H +ENABLE BL I NK
04H RESERVED -- MUST BE ZERO
OSH +2 COLOR GRAPH I CS (640X200 2 COLOR ONL V)
REG 4
01H
02H
REGS
01H
02H
04H
08H
RESET REGISTER
+ASYNCHRONOUS RESET
+SYNCHRONOUS RESET
10 TO IF PALETTE REGI STERS
BLUE
GREEN
RED
I NTENSI TV
VIDEO GATE ARRAY STATUS
PORT 3DA INPUT
o IH +0 t SPLAY ENABLE
02H +L I GHT PEN TR [GGER SET
04H -LIGHT PEN SWITCH MADE
OSH +VERT I CAL RETRACE
10H +VIOEO DOTS
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: VIDEO_RAM
HOOI0 LABEL WORD ; TABLE OF ROUTINES WITHIN VIDEO 110
OW OFFSET SET MODE
ow OFFSET SET=CTYPE
OW OFFSET SET CPOS
OW OFFSET READ_CURSOR
OW OFFSET READ_LPEN
OW OFFSET ACT 0 I SP PAGE
ow OFFSET SCROLL UP
ow OFFSET SCROLL -OOWN
OW OFFSET READ AC CURRENT
OW OFFSET WRITE_At_CURRENT
DW OFFSET WRITE C CURRENT
OW OFFSET SET COd:i'R
OW OFFSET WRITE_DOT
ow OFFSET READ DOT
OW OFFSET WRITE_TTY
OW OFFSET VIDEO STATE
OW OFFSET SET _PALLETTE
MOO 10L EQU $-MOO 10
VIDEO_IO
STI
CLD
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
XOR
SAL
MOV
CMP
JB
POP
JMP
Cl: CALL
MOV
CMP
JC
MOV
AND
SHR
C2, MOV
VIDEO_IO
POP
MOV
JMP
PROC NEAR
ES
OS
OX
CX
BX
SI
01
AX
AL, AH
AH, AH
AX,I
51 ,AX
AX, MOOlOl
CI
AX
V IDEO_RETURN
DDS
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
SET DIRECTION FORWARD
SAVE SEGMENT REGI STERS
SAVE AX VALUE
GET I NTO lOW BYTE
ZERO TO HIGH BVTE
*2 FOR TABLE LOOKUP
PUT INTO S I FOR BRANCH
TEST FOR WITHIN RANGE
BRANCH AROUND BRANCH
THROW AWAV THE PARAMETER
DO NOTHING IF NOT IN RANGE
AX, OBBOOH SEGMENT FOR COLOR CARD
CRT_MODE, 9 I N MODE US I NG 32K REGEN
C2 NO, ..JUMP
AH, PAGDAT GET COPY OF PAGE REGS
AH, CPUREG I SOlATE CPU REG
AH, 1 SH I FT TO HAKE I NTO SEGMENT VALUE
ES,AX SET UP TO POINT AT VIDEO RAM AREA
AX RECOVER VALUE
HODE INTO AH
ENDP
ROM BIOS A-31
0048
0048 0800
004A 0800
OD4C 1000
004E 1000
0050 4000
0052 4000
0054 4000
0056 0000
0058 4000
OD5A 8000
005C 8000
DOSE
005E 28 28 50 50 28 28
50 00 14 2B 50
0069
0069 OC OF 00 02
= 0004
0060 08 OF 00 02
0071 00 OF 00 02
0075 09 OF 00 02
0079 OA 03 00 00
0070 OE 03 00 00
0081 OE 01 00 DB
0085 00 00 00 00
0089 lA OF 0000
0080 18 OF 00 00
0091 OB 03 00 00
0095
0095 00 OF 00 00
= 0004
0099 OF 00 00 00
0090
0090 00 02 04 06
OOAI
ODA1 00 03 05 OF
ODAS
00A5 50
00A6 24 7F
ODA8 3C 07
ODAA 74 04
OOAC ac 08
OOAE 72 02
OOBO 90 00
00B2 3C 02
OD84 74 08
OOB6 3C 03
00B8 74 04
OOSA 3C 09
ODBC 72 OA
DOSE 81 3E 0015 R 0080
00C4 73 02
00C6 BO 00
OOCS SA 0304
00C8 8A EO
OOCD A2 0049 R
0000 89 16 0063 R
0004 8B FB
0006 BA 03DA
0009 EC
OOOA 32 CO
OOOC EE
0000 AO 0065 R
OOEO 24 F7
ODE2 EE
A-32 ROM BIOS
SET MODE
- THIS ROUTINE INITIALIZES THE ATTACHMENT TO
THE SELECTED MODE. THE SCREEN IS BLANKED.
INPUT
(AL) = MODE SELECTED C RANGE O-B)
OUTPUT
NONE
; -------------------------------------------
M0050 LABEL WORD TABLE OF REGEN LENGTHS
OW 2048 MODE 0 40X25 BW
OW 2048 MODE 1 40)(25 COLOR
OW 4096 MODE 2 80X25 OW
OW 4096 MODE 3 80X25 COLOR
OW 16384 MODE 4 320X200 4 COL.OR
OW 16384 MODE 5 320)(200 4 COLOR
OW 16384 MODE 6 640)(200 9W
OW 0 MODE 7 I NVALI 0
OW 163B4 MODE S 160)(200 16 COLOR
OW 32768 MODE 9 320)(200 16 COLOR
OW 32768 MODE A 640X200 4 COLOR
; COLUMNS
M0060 LABEL BYTE
DB 40,40,80,80,40,40, BO, 0, 20, 40, BO
; ------- TABLE OF GATE ARRAY PARAMATERS FOR MODE SETTING
M0070 LABEL BYTE
; ------ SET UP FOR 40)(25 OW MODE 0
DB OCH,OFH,O,2 ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
M0070L Eau S-M0070
; ------ SET UP FOR 40X25 COLOR MODE 1
DB OSH, OFH, 0, 2 ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 80X25 BW MODE 2
DB DOH, OFH, 0, 2 ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 80><25 COLOR MODE 3
DB 09H, OFH, 0, 2 ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 320X200 4 COLOR MODE 4
DB OAH, 03H, 0, 0 GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 320X200 BW MODE 5
DB OEH, 03H, 0, 0 GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 640)(200 8W MODE 6
DB OEH, OlH, 0, 8 GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR I NVALI 0 MODE 7
DB OOH, OOH, 0, a ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
DB lAH, OFH, 0, a ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
DB IBH, OFH, 0, a ; GATE ARRAY PARMS
; ------ SET UP FOR 640X200 4 COLOR MODE A
DB OBH, 03H, 0, a ; GATE ARRAY PARKS
; -------------- TABLES Of PALETTE COLORS FOR 2 AND 4 COLOR MODES
2 COLOR, SET 0
M0072 LABEL BYTE
DB O,OFH,O,O
M0072L EQU $-M0072
2 COLOR, SET 1
DB OFH,O,O,O
4 COLOR, SET 0
M0074 LA8EL BYTE
DB 0,2,4,6
4 COLOR, SET 1
M0075 LABEL BYTE
DB 0,3,5,OFH
SET MODE PROC NEAR
- PUSH AX
AND AL,7FH
CMP AL,7
.JE C3
CMP AL,OSH
JC C4
C3:
MOV AL,
C4; CMP AL,2
JE C5
CMP AL,3
JE C5
CMP AL, 09H
JC C6
C5: CMP TRUE_MEM, 12B
JNC C6
MOV AL,O
C6; MOV DX,0304H
MOY AH, AL
MOY CRT_MODE, Al
MOY AOOR_6845, OX
MOV DI,AX
MOV OX, VGA_CTL
IN AL,OX
XOR AL, AL
OUT OX, AL
HOV AL, CRT_MODE_SET
AND AL, OF7H
OUT OX, AL
; ENTRY LENGTH
; SAYE I NPUT MODE ON STACK
; REMOVE CLEAR REGEN SWI TCH
; CHECK FOR VAll 0 MODES
j MODE 7 IS INVALID
;GREATER THAN A IS INVALID
j DEFAULT TO MODE 0
; CHECK FOR MODES NEEDI NG 128K
DO WE HAYE l28K?
YES, JUMP
NO, DEFAULT TO MODE a
ADDRESS OF COLOR CARD
SAVE MODE IN AH
SAVE I N GLOBAL VAR I A8LE
SAVE ADDRESS OF BASE
SAVE MODE IN 01
POI NT TO CONTROL REGI STER
SYNC CONTROL REG TO ADDRESS
SET VGA REG 0
SELECT IT
GET LAST MODE SET
TURN OFF VIDEO
SET IN GATE ARRAY
ODE3 8B C7
ODE5 B. 10
ODE7 BB 0095 R
ODEA 3C OS
ODEe 74 OF
ODEE BB ODA1 R
ODF1 3C 05
ODF3 74 08
ODF5 3C O.
ODF7 7. O.
ODF9 3C OA
ODFB 75 11
ODFD B9 0004
OEOO 8A C4
OE02 EE
OE03 2E 8A 07
OE06 EE
OE07 FE C.
OE09 43
OEOA E2 F4
OEOC EB OB
OEOE B. 0010
OEll BA C4
OE13 EE
OE14 EE
OE15 FE Cd
OE17 E2 F8
OE19 8B C7
OE1B 32 DB
OE10 3C O.
OE1F 72 OB
OE21 83 40
OE23 3C
O'
025 72 02
OE27 B3 CO
OE29 BA 030F
OE2C AO 009A R
DE2F 2. 3F
OE31 OA C3
OE33 EE
OE34 A2 008A R
OE37 BB C7
OE39 32 E4
OE3B B. 0004
OE3E F7 El
OE40 BB 08
OE42 81 C3 OD69 R
OE46 2E: 8A 27
OE49 2E: 8A 47 02
OE40 8B FO
OE4F FA
OE50 EB E675 R
OE53 80 10
OE55 E. AO
OE57 8A 030A
OE5A 80 04
OESC EE
OESO BO 02
OE5F EE
OESO 8B C6
OE62 80 E4 F7
OE6S 32 CO
OE67 EE
OE68 86 EO
OE6A EE
OE68 80 04
OE6o EE
OE6E 32 CO
OE70 EE
OE71 BO 80
OE73 E6 AO
OE75 E8 E675 R
OE78 FB
OE79 EB 07
OE78 BA C4
OE70 EE
OE7E 2E: .A 07
OEB1 EE
OEB2 .3
OE83 FE C4
OEB5 E2 F4
OEB7 BA 03DF
OE8A AD 008A R
OE8D 24 CO
DEaF B3 3.
OE91 AB 80
OE93 75 DC
OE95 83 3F
OE97 81 3E 0015 R 0080
OE90 73 02
OE9F B3 lB
C7
CS:
~ :
C10:
C12
i WHILE
SET DEFAULT PALETTES
MOV AX, 0 I
MOV AH, 10H
MOV ax, OFFSET M0072
CMP AL,6
JE C7
MOV BX, OFFSET MOO7S
CMP AL,5
JE C7
CMP AL,4
JE C7
CMP AL,OAH
JNE C.
MOV eX,4
MOV AL, AH
OUT OX, AL
MOV AL,CS: [BX]
OUT ox, AL
INC AH
INC BX
LOOP CB
JMP SHORT C11
GET MODE
SET PALETTE REG 0
POINT TO TABLE ENTRY
2 COLOR MODE?
YES, JUMP
PO I NT TO TABLE ENTRY
CHECK FOR 4 COLOR MODE
YES, JUMP
YES .JUMP
NO, ,JUMP
NUMBER OF REGS TO SET
GET REG NUMBER
SELECT 1 T
GET DATA
SET IT
NEXT REG
NEXT TABLE VALUE
SET PALETTES FOR DEFAULT 16 COLOR
MOV CX,16 NUMBER OF PALETTES, AH IS REG
MOV
OUT
OUT
INC
LOOP
SET UP
MOV
XOR
eM?
Je
MOV
CMP
JC
MOV
MOV
MOV
AND
OR
OUT
MOV
ENABLE
MOV
XOR
MOV
MUL
AL,AH
ox, AL
ox, AL
AH
Cl0
MO & M1 IN PAGREG
AX,DI
BL,BL
AL,4
C12
BL,40H
AL,09H
C12
aL,OCOH
ox, PAGREG
AL, PAGOAT
AL,3FH
AL, BL
ox, AL
PAGDAT, AL
VIDEO AND CORRECT
AX,OI
AH, AH
ex, M0070L
CX
BX, AX
BX, OFFSET H0070
AH,es, [BX]
AL,es: rax + 2]
51, AX
MODE_ALI VE
AL,10H
NMI_PORT, AL
OX, VGA_CTL
AL,4
DX, AL
AL,2
OX, AL
COUNTER
GET REG NUMBER
SELECT IT
SET PALETTE VALUE
NEXT REG
GET CURRENT MODE
SET UP FOR ALPHA MODE
I N ALPHA MODE
YES, JUMP
SET UP FOR 16K REGEN
MODE USE 16K
YES, JUMP
SET UP FOR 32K REGEN
SET PORT ADDRESS OF PAGREG
GET LAST DATA OUTPUT
CLEAR MO & H 1 BITS
SET NEW BITS
STUFF BACK I N PORT
i SAVE COPY I N RAM
PORT SETTING
GET CURRENT MODE
I NTO AX REG
SET TABLE ENTRY LENGTH
T! MES MODE FOR OFFSET INTO
T ABLE OFFSET I N ax
ADO TABLE START TO OFFSET
SAVE MODE SET AND PALETTE
Tl LL WE CAN PUT THEM IN
o I SABLE INTERRUPTS
KEEP MEMORY DATA VALID
TABLE
RAM
o I SABLE NMI AND HOLD REQUEST
PO 1 NT TO RESET REG
SEND TO GATE ARRAY
SET SYNCHRONOUS RESET
, 00 IT
MOV
ADD
MOV
MOV
MOV
CLI
CALL
MOV
OUT
MOV
MOV
OUT
MOV
OUT
THE
MOV
AND
XOR
OUT
XCHG
OUT
MOV
OUT
XOR
OUT
GATE ARRAY IS
AX,51
AH,OF7H
I N RESET STATE, WE CANNOT ACCESS RAM
RESTORE NEW MODE SET
AL, AL
OX, AL
AH, AL
OX, AL
AL,4
OX, AL
AL, AL
OX, AL
TURN OFF VIDEO ENABLE
SET UP TO SELECT VGA REG 0
SELECT IT
AH IS VGA REG COUNTER
SET MODE
SET UP TO SELECT VGA REG 4
SELECT IT
REMOVE RESET FROM VGA
NOW OKAY TO
MOV
OUT
CALL
ACCESS RAM AGA I N
AL, SOH
NHt _PORT, AL
MODE_ALIVE
ENABLE NMI AGAIN
KEEP MEMORY DATA VALID
ENABLE J NTERRUPTS 5TI
JMP SHORT C 14
e13 MOV AL, AH GET VGA REG NUMBER
OUT ox, AL SELECT REG
MOV AL, CS [BX] GET TABLE VALUE
OUT OX, AL PUT IN VGA REG
C14, I NC ex NEXT I N TABLE
INC AH NEXT REG
LOOP C 13 ; DO ENT I RE ENTRY
SET UP CRT AND CPU PAGE REGS ACCORD I NG TO MODE 8. MEMORY SIZE
HOV OX, PAGREG SET 10 ADDRESS OF PAGREG
MOV AL, PAGDAT GET LAST DATA OUTPUT
AND AL, OCOH CLEAR REG BITS
MOV BL,36H SET UP FOR GRAPHICS MODE WITH 321<
REGEN
TEST
JNZ
MOV
CMP
JNC
MOV
AL, BOH
C15
BL,3FH
TRUE_MEM, 128
C15
BL, lSH
IN THI S MODE?
VES, JUMP
SET UP FOR 16K REGEN AND 12SK
MEMORY
DO WE HAVE 128K?
YES, JUMP
SET UP FOR 16K REGEN AND 64K
MEMORY
ROM BIOS A-33
OA C3
EE
OEAl
OEA3
OEA4
OEA7
OEA9
OEAD
OEBO
OEB2
OE84
OEB7
OEB9
OEBS
A2 008A R
8S CG
88 26 0065 R
A2 0066 R
E4 61
24 FB
F6 C4 02
75 02
OE8D
OE8E
OECO
OC 04
E6 61
lE
33 CO
BE 08
OEC2 C5 IE 0074 R
88 C7 OEC6
OEca
OECC
OECF
OEDI
OED3
OEDS
OED8
89 0010 90
80 Fe 02
72 10
03 09
80 Fe 04
72 09
03 09
OEDA 80 FC 09
OEDO 72 02
OEDF 03 09
OEE 1 50
OEE2 8A 47 02
OEES 88 7F OA
OEES IE
OEE9 E8 1388 R
OEEe A2 0089 R
OEEF 89 3E OOSO R
OEF3 50
OEF4 AO 00B6 R
OEF7 24 OF
OEF9 A2 00B6 R
OEFe 58
OEFD IF
OEFE 32 E4
OFOO SA 03D4
OF03 8A C4
OF05 EE
OF06 42
OF07 FE C4
OF09 SA 07
OFOB EE
OFoe 43
OFOD 4A
OFOE E2 F3
OF 10 5B
OF 11 IF
OF 12 33 FF
OF 14 89 3E 004E R
OF 18 C6 06 0062 R 00
OF 10 SA
OF IE 80 E2 90
OF21 75 lC
OF23 BA BBOO
OF26 B9 2000
OF29 3C 09
OF2B 72 05
OF2D Dl El
OF2F SA IBOO
OF32 8E C2
OF34 3C 04
OF36 89 OF20
OF39 72 02
OF3B 33 CO
OF 3D F31 AB
OF3F 8A 03DA
OF42 32 CO
OF44 EE
OF45 AO 0065 R
OF48 EE
OF49 32 FF
OF48 SA IE 0049 R
OF4F 2E: 8A 87 OD5E R
OF54 32 E4
OF56 A3 004A R
A-34 ROM BIOS
C15: OR
OUT
Mav
Mav
Mav
Mav
IN
ANa
TEST
JNZ
AL, BL
OX, AL
PAGoAT, AL
AX,SI
CRT_MaDE_SET, AH
CRT PALLETTE, AL
AL, PORT_B
AL,OFBH
AH,2
C16
OR AL,4
COHBINE MODE BITS AND REG VALUES
SET PORT
SAVE COpy 1 N RAM
PUT MODE 6ET & PALETTE I N RAM
GET CURRENT VALUE OF 8255 PORT B
SET UP GRAPHICS HODE
JUST SET ALPHA MODE IN VGA?
YES, JUMP
C16; OUT PORT B, AL
; ------- SET UP 6845-
SET UP ALPHA MODE
STUFF BACK 1 N 8255
;
C17:
PUSH OS
XOR AX, AX
MOV OS, AX
ASSUME OS: AS SO
LOS BX, PARK_PTR
ASSUME OS: CODE
MOV AX,DI
MOV CX, M0040
CMP AH,2
,JC C17
ADD BX, CX
eMP AH,4
JC C17
ADD 8X, ex
CMP
JC
AOO
AH,9
C17
BX, CX
SAVE DATA SEGMENT VALUE
SET UP FOR ASSO SEGMENT
ESTABLISH VECTOR TABLE ADDRESSING
GET POINTER TO VIDEO PARMS
GET CURRENT MODE I N AX
LENGTH OF EACH ROW OF TABLE
DETERMINE WHICH TO USE
HOoE ISO OR 1
MOVE TO NEXT ROW OF INIT TABLE
MODE IS 2 OR 3
MOVE TO GRAPH I CS ROW OF
INIT_TABLE
MODE 15 4, 5, 6, 8, OR 9
MOVE TO NEXT GRAPH I CS ROW OF
I NI T TABLE
BX POINTS TO CORRECT ROW OF INITIALIZATION TABLE
PUSH AX SAVE MODE IN AH
MOV AL, os: [BX+21 ; GET HORZ. SYNC POSITION
MOV DI,WORD PTR os: [9X+I0] GET CURSOR TYPE
PUSH OS
CALL DDS
ASSUME os; DATA
HOV HORZ_POS, AL
HOV CURSOR_MODE, 01
PUSH AX
MOV AL, VAR_DELAY
AND AL,OFH
MOV VAR_DELAY, AL
POP AX
ASSUME
POP
XDR
Mav
OS: CODE
as
AH, AH
oX,0304H
SAVE HORZ. SYNC POSITION VARIABLE
SAVE CURSOR MODE
SET DEFAULT OFFSET
i AH WILL SERVE AS REG I STER NUMBER
; DURING LOOP
i POI NT TO 6845
i LOOP THROUGH TA9LE, OUTPUTTING
AL, AH
REG ADDRESS, THEN VALUE FROM TABLE
GET 6845 REG I STER NUMBER CIB: MOV
C19
C20:
C21:
OUT
INC
INC
MDV
OUT
INC
OEC
LOOP
POP
POP
ASSUME
OX, AL
ox
AH
AL, [aX]
OX, AL
BX
ox
C1B
AX
as
DS:OATA
FILL REGEN AREA WITH
XOR 01,01
MOV CRT START, 0 I
HOV ACTIVE_PAGE, 0
POP OX
AND OL, BOH
JNZ C21
MOV oX,OB800H
MOV CX,8192
CMP AL,09H
JC C19
SHL CX, 1
MOV OX, 1800H
MOV ES,DX
CMP AL,4
MOV AX," + 15*256
JC C20
XOR AX, AX
REP STOSW
ENABLE V I OEO
MOV OX, VGA_eTL
XOR AL, AL
BLANK
POI NT TO DATA PORT
NEXT REGISTER VALUE
GET TABLE VALUE
OUT TO CHIP
NEXT IN TABLE
BACK TO POINTER REGISTER
DO THE WHOLE TABLE
GET MODE BACK
RECOVER SEGMENT VALUE
SET UP PO I NTER FOR REGEN
START ADDRESS SAVED IN GLOBAL
SET PAGE VALUE
GET ORIGINAL INPUT BACK
NO CLEAR OF REGEN ?
SKIP CLEARING REGEN
SET UP SEGMENT FOR 16K REGEN AREA
NUMBER OF WORDS TO CLEAR
REQUI RE 321< BYTE REGEN ?
NO, JlJMP
SET 16K WORD S TO CLEAR
SET UP SEGMENT FOR 32K REGEN AREA
SET REGEN SEGMENT
TEST FOR GRAPHl CS
FILL CHAR FOR ALPHA
NO GRAPH I CS INIT
FILL FOR GRAPHICS MODE
FILL THE REGEN BUFFER WITH BLANKS
SET PORT ADDRESS OF VGA
OUT OX, AL SELECT VGA REG 0
MOV AL, CRT _MODE_SET GET MODE SET VALUE
OUT OX, AL SET MODE
i ----- oETERMI NE NUMBER OF COLUMNS, BOTH FOR ENT! RE o I SPLAY
AND THE NUMBER TO BE USED FOR TTY INTERFACE
XOR BH, BH
MOV Bl, CRT_MODE
MOV AL, es: [ax + OFFSET M0060)
XOR AH, AH
MOV CRT_COLs, AX NUMBER OF COLUMNS IN TH I S SCREEN
OF59 01 E3
OF5B 2E: 88 8F 0048 R
OF60 B9 OE 004C R
OF64 89 0008
OF67 8F 0050 R
OFEA IE
OFGS 07
oFse 33 CO
OF6E F31 A8
OF70
OF70 SF
OF71 5E
OF72 58
OF73 59
OF74 5A
OF75 1F
OF76 07
OF77 CF
OF7B
OF78
OF78 FA
OF79 5.
OF7A 57
OF7B 50
OF7C 53
OF7D 51
OF7E 52
OF7F 1E
OFSO O.
OFBl BE 0008
OFB4 32 DB
OF86 32 E4
OF88 B9 0005
OFBB E4 62
OFBO A8 40
OFBF 74 02
OF91 FE C4
OF93 E2 Fe
OF95 80 Fe 03
OF98 73 03
OF9A EB 50 90
OF90 B9 0032
OFAO E462
OFA2 AS 40
OFA4 74 05
OFA6 E2 F8
OFAB EB 4F 90
OFAB BO 40
OFAD E6 43
OFAF 90
OFSD 90
OFSI E4 41
OFBl 8A EO
OFB5 -4 41
OFB7 86 EO
OFBS 8B FB
OFaB 89 0004
OFBE E4 62
OFCO AB 40
OFC2 75 35
OFC4 E2 FB
OFC6 SA 0220
OFC9 EB 1031 R
OFec SA 020E
OfCF 50
OFDO EB 1031 R
OFOl SA CB
OFD5 58
OF06 3A C8
OFDB 74 2A
SET CURSOR POSITIONS
SHL BX, 1 ; WORD OFFSET I NTO CLEAR lENGTH
; TABLE
"OV
"OV
MOV
MOV
PUSH
POP
CX,CS:[BX +
CRT_lEN, cx.
CX,8
OFFSET H0050] i lENGTH TO CLEAR
i SAVE lENGTH OF CRT
D I, OFFSET
OS
; CLEAR All CURSOR pas I TI ONS
CURSOR_POSN
ES
XOR AX, AX
ESTABLISH SEGMENT
ADDRESSING
REP STOSW , FILL WITH ZEROES
; NOR HAL RETURN FROM ALL VIDEO RETURNS
VIDEO RETURN:
- POP DI
POP 51
POP BX
C22 POP CX
POP OX
POP DS
POP
IRET
SET_MODE
ES
ENDP
; RECOVER SEGMENTS
i ALL DONE
KBONMI - KEYBOARD NMI INTERRUPT ROUTINE
THIS ROUTINE OBTAINS CONTROL UPON AN NMI INTERRUPT, WHICH
OCCURS UPON A KEYSTROKE FROM THE KEYBOARD.
THIS ROUTINE WILL DE-SERIALIZE THE BIT STREAM IN ORDER TO
GET THE KEYBOARD SCAN CODE ENTERED IT THEN I SSUES I NT 41
PASSING THE SCAN CODE IN Al TO THE KEV PROCESSOR. UPON RETURN
IT RE-ENABLES NMI AND RETURNS TO SYSTEM (J RET)
ASSUME C5:CODE,DS:DATA
KBDNMJ PROC FAR
i -----------0 I SABLE 1 NTERRUPTS
CLI
; -----------SAVE REGS & 01 SABLE NMI
PUSH 51
PUSH OJ
PUSH AX ; SAVE REGS
PUSH BX
PUSH C)(
PUSH OX
PUSH OS
PUSH ES
i -----------lNIT COUNTERS
MOV Sl,8
)(OR Bl, Bl
; -----------SAMPlE 5 TI MES TO
XOR AH, AH
MOV C)(,5
IN AL,PORT_C
TEST AL,40H
.JZ [2
INC AH
12: lOOP 11
CMP AH,3
JNB 125
; SET UP # OF DATA 8ITS
; INIT. PARITY COUNTER
VALIDATE START BIT
SET COUNTER
GET SAMPLE
TEST IF 1
JMP IF 0
KEEP COUNT Of 1 'S
KEEP SAMPl I NG
VALID START BIT?
JUMP IF OK
JMP 18
;
i -----------VAlI 0 START BI T I LOOK
INVALID (SVNC ERROR) NO AUDIO
OUTPUT
125: MOV C)(,50
13: IN Al, PORT_C
TEST Al,40H
JZ 15
lOOP 13
JMP 18
. -----------READ CLOCK TO SET
15 MOV Al,40H
OUT TIM_CTl, AL
NOP
NOP
IN Al, TlMER+l
MOV AH, AL
IN AL, T1MER+l
XCHG AH, AL
FOR TRAILING EDGE
SET UP WATCHDOG T1 MEOUT
GET SAMPLE
TEST IF a
JMP IF TRAILING EDGE FOUND
KEEP lOOKING FOR TRAILING EDGE
; SYNC ERROR (STUCK ON 1 'S)
START OF BIT TI ME
READ CLOCK
MOV 01, A)( , SAVE CLOCK TIME IN 01
i -----------VERIFY VALID TRANS 1 TI ON
MOV CX,4 SET COUNTER
IN Al, PORT_C , GET SAMPLE
TEST AL,40H ; TEST IF 0
JNZ IB ; JMP IF INVALID TRANSITION (SVNC)
lOOP 16 ; KEEP lOOKING FOR VALID TRANSITION
; -----------SET UP DISTANCE TO MIDDLE OF 1ST DATA BIT
MOV DX,544 ; 310 USEC AWAV (. 83B US I CTl
; -------START lOOKING FOR TIME TO READ DATA BITS AND ASSEMBLE BYTE
17 CALL 130
MOV
PUSH
CALL
MOV
POP
CMP
JE
OX,526
AX
130
Cl, AL
AX
el, Al
19
SET NEW DISTANCE TO NEXT HALF BIT
SAVE 1ST HALF BIT
PUT 2ND HALF BIT IN CL
RESTORE 1ST HALF BIT
ARE THEY OPPOSITES?
NO, PHASE ERROR
ROM BIOS A-35
OFDA DO EF
OFOC OA F8
OFOE .E
OFOF 75 E8
OFEI E8 1031 R
OFE4 50
OFES E8 1031 R
OFE8 8A C8
OFEA 5B
OFES 3A C8
OFEO 74 IS
OFEF 80 E3 01
OFF2 74 10
OFF4 FB
OFFS BA C7
OFF7 CD .B
OFF9 07
OFFA IF
orrs SA
orFe 59
aFro 5B
OFFE E4 AO
1000 5B
1001 SF
1002 5E
1003 CF
1004 EB 1399 R
1007 B3 FE OB
100A 7. ED
lOOC F6 06 001B R 01
1011 75 19
1013 BS 0080
1016 B9 0049
1019 E9 E035 R
laIC 80 26 0017 R Fa
1021 BO 26 0018 R OF
1026 BO 26 OOB8 R IF
1028 FE 06 0012 R
102F EB CB
1031
1031
1031 BO .0
1033 E6 OJ
1035 90
1036 90
1037 E4 41
1039 BA EO
103B E4 41
1030 86 EO
103F 88 CF
1041 28 C8
1043 38 CA
1045 72 EA
1047 2B CA
1049 BB FB
104B 03 F.
1040 B. 0005
1050 32 E4
1052 E4 62
1054 AB 40
1056 74 02
1058 FE C4
105A E2 F6
10SC BO FC 03
105F 72 05
1061 BO BO
1063 FE C3
1065 C3
1066 32 CO
1068 C3
1069
A-36 ROM BIOS
,-----------VALID DATA BIT,
SHR BM, 1
OR BH, AL
DEC 51
JNZ 17
,-----------WAI T FOR TIME TO
CALL 130
PUSH AX
CALL 130
MOV CL, AL
POP AX
CMP
JE
CL, AL
I.
PLACE I N SCAN BYTE
SHIFT PREVIOUS BITS
OR IN NEW DATA BIT
DECREMENT DATA BIT COUNTER
; CONTINUE FOR MORE DATA BITS
SAMPLE PARI TY BIT
SAVE 1ST HALF BI T
PUT 2ND HALF BIT IN CL
RESTORE 1ST HALF 8 IT
ARE THEY OPPOS ITES ?
, NO, PHASE ERROR
; -----------VALID PARITY BIT, CHECK PARITY
AND BL, 1
JZ 19
CHECK I F ODD PAR I TY
JMP I F PARITY ERROR
; -----------VAL I 0 CHARACTER, SEND
STI
TO CHARACTER PROCESSING
ENABLE INTERRUPTS
MOV
INT
AL,8H
4BH
; -----------RESTORE REGS AND
18: POP ES
POP OS
POP OX
POP ex
POP
IN
POP
POP
POP
IRET
BX
AL,OAOH
AX
01
51
; -----------PAR I TY, SYNCH OR
19: CALL DOS
CMP SI, B
JE 18
TEST KB_FLAG _l,OlH
JNZ 110
HOV BX,oaOH
HOV CX,048H
CALL KB NOISE
AND KB:FLAG,OFOH
AND KB_FLAG _l,OFH
AND KB_FLAG_2, IFH
110: INC KBD ERR
JHP SHORT IB
KBONMI ENOP
130 PROC NEAR
131 HOV AL,40H
OUT TI M_CTL, AL
NOP
NOP
IN AL, T1MER+l
MaY AH, AL
IN AL, T1MER+1
XCHG AH, AL
MOV CX,OI
SUB CX, AX
CMP ex, OX
JC 131
SUB CX, OX
MOV 0 I, AX
ADD DI,CX
PLACE SCAN CODE IN AL
; CHARACTER PROCESS I NG
RE-ENABEL NMI
; RESTORE REGS
; ENABLE NMI
; RETURN TO SYSTEM
PHASE ERROR. OUTPUT MISSED KEY BEEP
SETUP ADDRESSI NG
ARE WE ON THE FI RST DATA Bl T?
NO AUD 1 0 FEEDBACK (MI GHT BE A
. GLITCH)
CHECK J F TRANSMI 551 ON ERRORS
. ARE TO BE REPORTED
1=00 NOT BEEP, O=8EEP
DURATION OF ERROR BEEP
FREQUENCY OF ERROR BEEP
AUD I 0 FEEDBACK
CLEAR AL T , CLRL, LEFT AND RIGHT
SHJ FTS
CLEAR POTENTIAL BREAK OF INS,CAPS
NUH AND SCROLL SHI FT
CLEAR FUNCTI ON STATES
KEEP TRACK OF KEYBOARD ERRORS
RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
READ CLOCK

GET LAST CLOCK T I ME
SUB CURRENT T I ME
IS IT TIME TO SAMPLE?
NO, KEEP LOOKING AT TIME
UPDATE. OF COUNTS OFF
; -----------START SAMPLING DATA
SAVE CURRENT TI ME AS LAST TI ME
, ADD DIFFERENCE FOR NEXT TIME
BIT (5 SAMPLES)
MOV CX,5 ; SET COUNTER
SAMPLE LI NE
132:
133
134:
130
PORT CIS SAMPLED CX TIMES AND IF THER ARE 3 OR MORE 1 "S
THEN-SOH 15 RETURNED IN AL, ELSE OOH IS RETURNED IN AL.
PARITY COUNTER IS MAINTAINED IN ES
XOR AH, AH CLEAR COUNTER
IN AL, PORT_C GET SAMPLE
TEST AL,40H TEST IF 1
JZ 133 J"P IF 0
INC AH KEEP COUNT OF 1 'S
LOOP 132 KEEP SAMPL I NG
CHP AH,3 VALID
1 ?
JB 134 JHP IF NOT VALID 1
HOV AL,oaOH RETURN BOH IN AL
")
INC BL I NCREMENT PARI TY COUNTER
XOR AL, AL RETURN 0 IN AL (0)
ENDP
0080
0054
0055
0056
COFF
001F
0030
0010
0019
0012
001F
0031
0048
0050
0048
0040
oooe
0000
OOOB
= 0001
= 0002
= 0003
0004
= 0046
= 0045
= 0047
= OC4F
0049
0051
c04A
004E
1069
1069
106F
1074
= oooe
1075
1075
1078
1081
30 10 12 I. 1F 31
48 50 4B 4D DC
00
02 03 01 04 46 45
47 4F 49 51 4A 4E
10B1 4F 50 51 48 4e 40
47 4B 49 52
1088
1098 10 37 B7 90
10eF 10 46 C6 90
~ ; ~ ; ; ; = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
THE PURPOSE OF THIS ROUTINE IS TO TRANSLATE SCAN CODES AND
SCAN CODE COMBINATIONS FROM THE 62 KEY KEYBOARD TO THEIR
EQUIVILENTS ON THE 83 KEY KEVBOARD. THE SCAN CODE IS
PASSED 1 N AL. EACH SCAN CODE PASSED EITHER TR I GGERS ONE OR
MORE CALLS TO INTERRUPT 9 OR SETS FLAGS TO RETAIN KEYBOARD
STATUS. WHEN INTERRUPT 9 IS CALLED THE TRANSLATED SCAN
CODES ARE PASSED TO IT IN AL THE INTENT OF THIS CODE WAS
TO KEEP INTERRUPT 9 INTACT FROM ITS ORIGIN IN THE PC FAMILV
THIS ROUTINE IS IN THE FRONT END OF INTERRUPT 9 AND
TRANSFORMS A 62 KEY KEYBOARD TO LOOK AS I FIT WERE AN B3
KEY VERSION
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THIS ROUTINE IS CALLED FROM THE NHI
DESERIALlZATION ROUTINE AND THAT ALL REGISTERS WERE SAVED
IN THE CALLING ROUTINE AS A CONSEQUENCE ALL REGISTERS ARE
DESTROYED.
; EQUATES
BREAK_BIT EOU 80H
FN KEY EOU 54H
PHi< EQU FN_KEY+ 1
EXT_SCAN EOU PHK+1 BASE CODE FOR SCAN CODES
EXTEND I NG BEVOND 93
AND MASK EOU OFFH ; USED TO SELECTlVELV REMOVE BITS
CLEAR FLAGS EOU AND _MASK (FN_FLAG+FN_BREAK+FN_PEND I NG)
SCAN-CODES
B KEY EOU 48
Q-KEV
EOU I.
P-KEY
EOU 25
E=KEV EOU 18
S KEV EOU 31
N=KEV EOU 49
UP ARROW EOU 72
DOWN_ARROW EOU 80
LEFT ARROW EOU 75
RIGHT_ARROW EOU 77
MINUS EOU 12
EQUALS EOU 13
NUM_O EOU 11
j NEW TRANSLATED SCAN CODES
: ~ ~ ~
BREAK, PAUSE, ECHO, AND PRT_SCREEN ARE USED AS OFFSETS
INTO THE TABLE 'SCAN' _ OFFSET = TABLE POSITION + 1.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
BREAK EQU 02
PAUSE EQU 03
PRT SCREEN EQU 04
SCROLL_LOCK EQU 70
NUH LOCK EQU 69
HOME EGU 71
END KEY EQU 79
PAGE UP EQU 73
PAGE-DOWN EGU a 1
KEVPAD MINUS EQU 74
KEYPAD=PLUS EGU 7B
ASSUME CS; CODE, 05; DATA
i ----TABLE OF VALID SCAN CODES
KBO LABEL BYTE
DB B_KEV, Q_KEV, E_KEY, P _KEY, S_KEV, N_KEV
DB UP_ARROW, DOWN_ARROW, LEFT_ARROW, RIGHT_ARROW, MINUS
DB EQUALS
K80LEN EQU $ - KBD
; ----TABLE OF NEW SCAN CODES
KB 1 LABEL BVTE
DB BREAK, PAUSE, ECHO, PRT_SCREEN, SCROLL_LOCK, NUM_LOCK
DB HOME, END_KEY, PAGE_UP, PAGE_DOWN, KEYPAD_MI NUS, KEYPAD_PLUS
; NOTE: THERE IS A ONE TO ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN
THE SIZE OF KBO AND KB!
: ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
THESE SCAN CODES WERE NUHERI C KEYPAD CODES ON
THE 83 KEY KEVBOARD.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~
- DB 79,80, B1, 75, 76, 77, 71, 72, 73, 82
~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ; ~ ; ; ~ ; ~ ; ~ ~
SCAN
THIS TABLE REPRESENTS A 4*2 ARRAY. EACH ROW
CONSI STS OF A SEQUENCE OF SCAN CODES WHI CH
WOULD HAVE BEEN GENERATED ON AN 83 KEY KEYBOARD
TO CAUSE THE FOLLOW I NG FUNCTI ONS;
ROW l=ECHO CRT OUTPUT TO THE PR INTER
ROW 2=BREAK
THE TABLE HAS BOTH MAKE AND BREAK SCAN CODES.
LABEL BYTE
08 29,55,183,157
DB 29,70,198,157
i CTRL + PRTSC
i CTRL + SCROLL-LOCK
ROM BIOS A37
1093
1093 35 29 34 lA 18
= 0005
1098
1098 2B 29 37 2B 29
1090
1090 14
109E 0048 0049 0040
0050 004F 0048
0039 001C
0051
0047
1082 0011 0012 00 IF 0020
002C 0028 DOlE 0010
OOOF 0001
10C6
10C6 Fa
10C7 FC
10CB EB 1388 R
loeB 8A EO
lOCO 8 131E R
1000 73 01
1002 CF
1003 3C FF
1005 74 6C
1007 24 7F
1009 3C 56
10DB 7C 5F
1000 IE
lODE 33 F6
IDEO BE DE
10E2 C4 3E 0124 R
10E6 26: SA 00
10E9 IF
IDEA 2C 56
10EC FE C9
IDEE 3. Cl
10FO 7F 10
A-38 ROM BIOS
;TABLE OF VALID ALT SHIFT SCAN CODES
THIS TABLE CONTAINS SCAN CODES FOR KEYS ON THE
62 KEY KEYBOARD. THESE CODES ARE USED IN
COMBINATION WITH THE ALT KEY TO PRODUCE SCAN CODES
FOR KEYS NOT FOUND ON THE 62 KEY KEyBOARD.
~ ~ ~ : ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~
DB 53,40,52,26,27
ALT_LEN EQU S - ALT_TABLE
;TABLE OF TRANSLATED SCAN CODES WITH ALT SHIFT
THIS TABLE CONTAINS THE SCAN CODES FOR THE
KEYS WHI CH ARE NOT ON THE 62 KEY KEYBOARD AND
WILL BE TRANSLATED WITH AL T SH I FT . THERE I S A
ONE TO ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE 51 ZES
OF ALT_TABLE AND NEW_ALT.
THE FOLLOWING TRANSLATIONS ARE MADE:
ALT+ I = \
AlT+
ALT+ [ = :
ALT+ ] = ...
AlT+
~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ; ~ ; ; ~ ~ ; ; ; ~
DB 43,41,aS,43,41
~ ~ ; ~ ; ;
TABLE OF SCAN CODES FOR MAPPING EXTENDED SET
OF SCAN CODES (SCAN CODES) 85). THIS TABLE
ALLOWS OTHER DEVICES TO USE THE KEYBOARO INTERFACE.
IF THE DEVICE GENERATES A SCAN CODE) S5 THIS TABLE
CAN BE USED TO MAP THE DEVI CE TO THE KEYBOARD. THE
DEYICE ALSO HAS THE OPTION OF HAYING A UNIQUE SCAN
CODE PUT IN THE KEYBOA.RD BUFFER (INSTEAD OF MAPPING
TO THE KEVBOARD), THE EXTENDED SCAN CODE PUT I N THE
BUFFER WILL BE CONT I NUOUS BEG I NN I NG AT 150. A ZERO
WILL 8E USED IN PLACE OF AN ASCI I CODE. (E. G. A
DEVICE GENERATING SCAN CODE B6 AND NOT MAPPING 86
TO THE KEY80ARD WILL HAVE A [150,0] PUT IN THE
KEYBOARD BUFFER)
TASLE FORMAT:
THE FIRST SYTE 15 A LENGTH INDICATING THE NUMBER
OF SCAN CODES MAPPED TO THE KEYBOARD. THE REMAI NI NG
ENTRIES ARE WORDS. THE FIRST BVTE (LOW BYTE) IS A
SCAN CODE AND THE SECOND BYTE (HIGH SYTE) IS ZERO.
A DEVICE GENERATING N SCAN CODES IS ASSUMED TO GENERATE THE
FOLLOWING STREAM 86,81,S8, ... ,86+(N-1)' THE SCAN CODE BYTES
IN THE TABLE CORRESPOND TO THIS SET WITH THE FIRST I).ATA
BYTE MATCHING B6, THE SECOND MATCHING 81 ETC.
NOTES:
(1) IF A DEYICE GENERATES A BREAK CODE, NOTHING IS
PUT I N THE BUFFER.
(2) A LENGTH OF 0 INDICATES THAT ZERO SCAN CODES HAYE BEEN.
MAPPED TO THE KEYBOARD AND ALL EXTENDED SCAN CODES WILL
BE USED.
(3) A DEV I CE CAN MAP SOME OF ITS SCAN CODES TO THE KEYBOARD
AND HAYE SOME I TS SCAN CODES I N THE EXTENDED SET.
E>CTAB LABEL BYTE
DB 20 ; LENGTH OF TABLE
DW 72,73,11,81,80,79,75,11,51.28'
OW 17,18,31,45,44.43,30,16,15,1
KEY62_INT PROC FAR
STl
CLO
CALL DDS
MOV AH, AL
CALL TPM
JNC
tRET
KBXO
; ----EXTENDED SCAN CODE CHECK
FORWARD DIRECT I ON
SET UP ADDRESSING
SAVE SCAN CODE
ADJUST OUTPUT FOR USER
MODIFICATION
JUMP I F OK TO CONT 1 NUE
RETURN FROM INTERRUPT.
KSXO: CMP AL,OFFH IS THIS AN OVERRUN CHAR?
JE KBO_l ; PASS IT TO INTERRUPT 9
AND AL,AND_MASK-SREAK_BIT ; TURN OFF BREAK SIT
CfIIP AL, EXT_SCAN ; IS THIS A SCAN CODE) 83
JL KSX4 ; REPLACE 8REAK BIT
; ----SCAN CODE IS IN EXTENDED SET
PUSH OS
SI,SI
OS, SI
XOR
MOV
ASSUME
LES
OS: ABSO
DI.DWORD PTR EXST ; GET THE POINTER TO THE EXTENDED
; SET
MOV CL, BYTE PTR ES: [0 I) ; GET LENGTH BYTE
POP OS
ASSUME OS: DATA
; ----ODES SCAN CODE GET MAPPED TO KEVBOARD OR TO NEW EXTENDED SCAN
COo.ES?
SUB
DEC
CMP
JG
AL, EXT_SCAN
CL
AL,CL
KBX1
CONVERT TO BASE OF NEW SET
LENGTH - 1
IS CODE IN TABLE?
JUMP IF SCAN CODE IS NOT IN TABLE
10F2 47
10F3 BS DB
lars 32 FF
10F7 01 E3
10F9 03 FB
10FS 26: BA 05
10FE 3C 56
1100 7C 3A
1102
1105
F6 e4 80
74 01
I
110S 32
110D 88
1111 88
1113 E8
1116 38
111A 75
C4 40
CO
IE ODIC R
F3
144F R
IE OOlA R
19
111C B8 0080
111F 89 0048
1122 EB E035 R
1125 80 26 0017 R Fa
112A 80 26 0018 R OF
112F 90 26 0088 R IF
1134 CF
1135 89 04
1137 89 IE ODIC R
1138 CF
l13C 80 E4 80
113F OA C4
1141 BA EO
1143 3C 45
1145 75 14
1147 F6 06 0017 R 04
114C 74 OA
114E F6 06 0017 R 08
1153 75 03
1155 E9 12EB R
1158 E9 125C R
115B 3C 37
1150 75 11
115F FS OS 0017 R 03
1164 74 F2
11S6 FS 06 0017 R 04
116B 75 E8
116D ES 1301 R
1170 SA EO
1172 24 7F
1174 F6 OS 0017 R OS
1179 74 39
117B DE
117C 07
1170 SF 1093 R
1180 S9 0005
1183 F21 AE
1185 75 20
1187 89 1094 R
118A 28 F9
llBe 2E 8A B5 1098 R
1191 SA IE 0017 R
1195 80 36 0017 R 08
119A FS C4 80
1190 74 02
119F OC 80
11AI 83 FF 03
11A4 7C as
11A6 80 OE 0017 R 02
l1A8 E6 SO
llAD CD 09
11AF 88 IE 0017 R
1183 CF
1184 3C 54
1186 75 23
1188 FS C4 BO
11SB 75 OB
11BD BO 2. 0088 R
11C2 80 DE 0088 R
11C7 CF
1F
AD
11C8 F6 06 0088 R 20
UCD 75 as
11CF 80 26 0088 R 1F
1104 CF
1105 BO DE 0088 R 40
liDA CF
; ----GET SCAN CODE FROM TABLE
INC 01
HOV 8X, AX
XOR BH, BH
SHL aX,l
POINT 01 PAST LENGTH BYTE
PREPARE FOR ADDING TO 16 BIT
REGISTER
ADD 0 I, BX , OFFSET TO CORRECT TABLE ENTRY
MOV AL,BYTE PTR ES: [OIl, TRANSLATED SCAN CODE IN AL
CMP AL,EXT_SCAN ; IS CODE IN KEYBOARD SET?
-JL KBX4 ; I N KEYBOARD SET, CHECK FOR BREAK
; ----SCAN CODE GETS MAPPED TO EXTENDED SCAN CODES
KBX1; TEST AH, BREAK_SI T
-JZ KBX2
IS THIS A BREAK CODE?
MAKE CODE, PUT IN BUFFER
IRET
KBX2 ADD AH, &4
XOR AL, AL
BREAK CODE, RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
EXTENDED SET CODES BEGIN AT 150
ZERO OUT ASCII VALUE (NULl
MOV BX,BUFFER_TAIL
MOV SI,BX
CALL K4
eMP ex, BUFFER_HEAD
-JNE KBX3
i ----BUFFER IS FULL, BEEP AND
MOV BX, SOH
MOV CX,4BH
CALL KB NO I SE
GET TAIL POINTER
SAVE POINTER TO TAIL
INCREMENT TAJ l VALUE
I S BUFFER FULL?
; PUT CONTENTS OF AX IN BUFFER
CLEAR FLAGS
FREQUENCY OF BEEP
DURATION OF BEEP
BUFFER FULL BEEP
AND KB:FLAG, OFOH CLEAR ALT, CTRL, LEFT AND RIGHT
SHI FTS
AND CLEAR MAKE OF INS, CAPS_LOCK, NUM
AND SCROLL
K8X3;
AND
IRET
HOV
HOV
IRET
[51], AX
BUFFER_TAIL, ex
CLEAR FUNCTION STATES
DONE WI TH INTERRUPT
PUT CONTENTS OF AX IN BUFFER
ADVANCE BUFFER TAl l
K8X4 AND
OR
HOV
AH, BREAK BIT MASK BREAK BIT ON ORIGINAL SCAN
AL, AH - UPDATE NEW SCAN CODE
i ----83 KEY
K80_1: CMP
JNE
FUNCT I ONS I I
AL, NUM_KEY I S THIS A NUHLOCK?
KBO_3 i CHECK FOR PRTse
TEST
JZ
TEST
JNZ
KB_FLAG, CTl_SHIFT ; IS CTRL KEY BEING HELD DOWN?
K80_2 , NUMLOCK WITHOUT CTRL, CONTINUE
KB_FLAG,ALT_SHIFT ; IS ALT KEY HELD CONCURRENTLV?
I<BO_2 PASS IT ON
JHP KB16_1 PUT KEVBOARD IN HOLD STATE
CONT_INT CONTINUE wITH INTERRUPT 4BH
PRTse
KBO 2: -JMP
i --=--CHECK FOR
AL,55 IS THIS A PRTSC KEY?
KB1_1 , NOT A PRTse KEV
KBO 3 CMP
- JNZ
TEST KB_FLAG,LEFT_SHIFT+RIGHT_SHIFT ; EITHER SHIFT
ACT I VE?
-JZ KBO_2 ; PROCESS SCAN IN INT9
TEST KB_FLAG,eTL_SHIFT; IS THE CTRL KEY PRESSED?
JNZ KBO_2 ; NOT A VALID PRTSC (PC COMPATIBLE)
-JMP PRTse ; HANDLE THE PRINT SCREEN FUNCTION
; ----ALTERNATE SHIFT TRANSLATIONS
KBl_l: MOV AH, AL ; SAVE CHARACTER
AND AL, AND_MASK - BREAK_BIT; MASK BREAK 8IT
TEST KB_FLAG, AL T _SH I FT ; 15TH I 5 A POTENT I AL TRANSLAT I ON
-JZ KS2
i ----TABLE LOOK UP
PUSH CS
POP ES ; INITIALIZE SEGMENT FOR TABLE
; UP
MOV DI,OFFSET ALT_TABLE
MOV CX, AL T _LEN GET READY FOR TABLE LOOK UP
REPNE SCAse SERACH TABLE
-JNE K82 , JUMP IF MATCH IS NOT FOUND
MOV eX,OFFSET ALT_TABLE + 1
SUB DI,ex ; UPDATE DJ TO INDEX SCAN CODE
MOV AL, es: NEW_AL T [0 I] ; TRANSLATE SCAN CODE
; ----CHECK FOR BREAK COCE
MOV 8L, KB_FLAG i SAVE KB FLAG STATUS
XOR KB_FLAG, AL T _SHI FT , MASK OFF AL T SHI FT
TEST AH, BREAK_BIT 15 THIS A BREAK CHARACTER?
JZ KBI 2 -JUMP IF SCAN IS A MAKE
OR AL, BREAK BI T i SET BREAK BIT
; ----MAKE CODE, CHECK FOR SHIFT SEQUENCE
KBI 2 CMP OI, 3 i 15 THIS A SHIFT SEQUENCE
- JL KBl_3 i JUMP IF NOT SHIFT SEQUENCE
OR KB_FLAG,LEFT_SHIFT ; TURN ON SHIFT FLAG
K81_3 OUT KBPORT, AL
LOOK
INT 9H
MOV KB_FLAG,8L
ISSUE I NT TO PROCESS SCAN CODE
RESTORE ORIGINAL FLAG STATES
IRET
; ----FUNCTI ON KEY HANDLER
KB2, CMP AL, FN_KEY CHECK FOR FUNCTION KEY
-JNZ KB4 JUMP IF NOT FUNCTION KEV
TEST AH, BREAK_BIT IS THIS A FUNCTION BREAK
JNZ KB3 , -JUMP IF FUNeT I ON BREAK
AND KB_FLAG_2, CLEAR_FLAGS j CLEAR ALL PREV I OUS
; FUNCTIONS
OR KB_FLAG_2, FN_FLAG + FN_PENDING
J RET ; RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
; ----FUNCT I ON BREAK
KB3 TEST KB_FLAG_2, FN_PENDING
JNZ K83_1 ; JUMP IF FUNCTION IS PENDING
AND K8_FLAG_2, CLEAR_FLAGS ; CLEAR ALL FLAGS
IRET
KB3 1 OR
KB3:2: IRET
KB_FLAG_2, FN_BREAK ; SET BREAK FLAG
; RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
ROM BIOS A-39
110B 3C 55
1100 74 FB
I1DF FG 06 0088 R 90
11E4 75 21
11E6 F6 06 0017 R 20
UEB 74 16
lIED 3C 08
lIEF 77 12
UFI FE C8
llF3 74 OE
I1F5 FE CB
UF7 8B 1081 R
UFA 2E: 07
I1FC 80 E4 80
I1FF OA C4
1201 EB 59
1203 BA C4
1205 EB 55
1207 3C 08
1209 77 2D
120B FE CB
120D 75 25
120F F6 C4 80
1212 75 30
1214 F6 06 0088 R 80
1219 74 29
1218 F6 06 0088 R 40
1220 75 22
1222 F6 06 0017 R 03
1227 74 18
1229 80 36 0088 R 10
122E 80 26 0088 R IF
1233 CF
1234 04 3A
1236 EB 3E
1238 DE
1239 07
123A OF 1069 R
1230 89 OOOC
1240 F21 AE
1242 74 10
1244 F6 06 0088 R 40
1249 74 OF
1248 F6 C4 BO
124E 75 OA
1250 80 26 0088 iF
1255 C6 06 0087 00
125A SA C4
125C
125C E6 60
125E CD 09
1260
1260 CF
1261 3C 31
1263 75 07
1265 F6 06 00 17 R 08
126A 74 08
126C 89 10GA R
126F 28 F9
1271 2E SA 85 1075 R
1276 F6 C4 80
1279 74 35
1278 3C 45
1270 74 04
127F 3C 46
1281 75 08
1283 OC 80
1285 E6 60
1287 CD 09
1289 24 7F
1288 F6 06 0088 R 40
1290 74 11
1292 3A 06 0087 R
1296 75 CB
129B BO 26 0088 R IF
1290
1290 C6 06 0087 R 00
12A2 CF
A-40 ROM BIOS
;----CHECK IF FUNCTION FLAG ALREADV SET
KB4: CMP AL, PHK ; IS THI S A PHANTOM KEV?
JZ KB3_2 ; JUMP I F PHANTOM SEQUENCE
KB4_0: TEST KB_FLAG_2,FN_FLAG+FN_LOCK i ARE WE IN FUNCTION
STATE?
JNZ KB5
; ----CHECK IF NUM_STATE IS ACTIVE
TEST KB_FLAG, NUM_STATE
JZ KB4 1 JUMP IF NOT IN NUM STATE
CMP AL, NUM_O ARE WE IN NUMERIC KEVPAD REGION?
JA KB4_1 JUMP IF NOT IN KEVPAD
DEC AL CHECK LOWER BOUND OF RANGE
JZ KB4_1 ; JUMP IF NOT IN RANGE (ESC KEV)
; ----TRANSLATE SCAN CODE TO NUMERIC KEYPAD
DEC AL ; AL I S OFFSET I NTO TABLE
MOV ax, OFFSET NUM_CODES
XLAT CS: NUM CODES NEW SCAN CODE IS IN AL
AND AH, BREAK_BIT ISOLATE BREAK BIT ON ORIGINAL
SCAN CODE
OR AL, AH
JMP SHORT CONT I NT
KB4_1- MOV AL, AH -
UPDATE KEVPAD SCAN CODE
CONT I NUE WITH INTERRUPT
GET BACK BREAK BIT IF SET
JMP SHORT CaNT I NT
; ----CHECK FOR VAL 1 D FUNCTION KEY
KB5: CMP AL, NUM_O CHECK FOR RANGE OF INTEGERS
JUMP IF NOT IN RANGE JA KB7
DEC AL CHECK FOR ESC KEY (= 11
JNZ KB6
; ----ESCAPE KEY, LOCK KEVBOARD IN
NOT ESCAPE KEV, RANGE OF INTEGERS
FUNCTION LOCK
TEST AH, BREAK_BIT IS THI S A BREAK CODE?
JNZ KB8 ; NO PROCESS I NG FOR ESCAPE BREAK
, TOGGLES ONL v WHEN FN HELD
CONCURRENTL V
TEST KB_FLAG_2, FN_FLAG
JZ
TEST
JNZ
TEST
JZ
XOR
AND
IRET
KBB , NOT HELD CONCURRENTL V
KB_FLAG_2, FN_BREAK HAS THE FUNCTION KEY BEEN
RELEASED?
KBe ; CONTI NUE I F RELEASED. PROCESS AS
ESC
KB_FLAG, LEFT_SHI FT+RI GHT _SHI FT EITHER SHIFT?
KB8 ; NOT HELD DOWN
KB_FLAG_2, FN_LOCK ; TOGGLE STATE
KB_FLAG_2, CLEAR_FLAGS; TURN OFF OTHER STATES
RETURN FROM I NTERUPT
; ----SCAN CODE IN RANGE 1 -)
KBS: ADD AL, 5B ; GENERATE CORRECT SCAN CODE
JHP SHORT KB 12 ; CLEAN-UP BEFORE RETURN TO KB_l NT
; ----CHECK TABLE FOR OTHER VAL I 0 SCAN CODES
KB7: PUSH CS
POP ES
MOV 0 I, OFFSET KBO
MOV CX, KBOLEN
REPNE SCAse
JE KB10
ESTABLISH ADDRESS OF TABLE
BASE OF TABLE
LENGTH OF TA8LE
SEARCH TABLE FOR A MATCH
JUMP I F MATCH
; ----I LLEGAL CHARACTER
KB8: TEST KB_FLAG_2, FN_8REAK ; HAS BREAK OCCURED?
KBS5:
JZ K89 FUNCT ION KEV HAS NOT BEEN
RELEASED
TEST
JNZ
AND
MOV
AH, BREAK_BI T
K69
IS THJ S A BREAK OF AN ILLEGAL
DON'T RESET FLAGS ON ILLEGAL
BREAK
KB_FLAG_2, CLEAR_FLAGS; NORMAL STATE
CUR_FUNC,O RETRIEVE ORIGINAL SCAN CODE
; ----FUNCT I ON BREAK I S NOT SET
AL, AH KB9: HOV
CONT_INT
OUT
INT
IRET
K8PORT, AL
9H
RETRIEVE ORIGINAL SCAN CODE
ISSUE KEVBOARD INTERRUPT
j ----BEFORE TRANSLATION CHECK FOR ALT+FN+N KEV AS NUM LOCK
KBI0 CMP AL, N_KEV IS THIS A POTENTIAL NUMLOCK?
JNE K810_1 NOT A NUMKEV, TRANSLATE IT
TEST KB_FLAG, AL T_SHI FT ; AL T HELD DOWN ALSO?
JZ KB8 TREAT AS ILLEGAL COMBINATION
KB 10_1: MOV CX, OFFSET KBO + 1 j GET OFFSET TO TABLE
SUB 01, ex UPDATE INDEX TO NEW SCAN CODE
TABLE
MOV AL, CS: KBHDJ] i MOV NEW SCAN CODE INTO REGISTER
;----TRANSLATED CODE IN AL OR AN OFFSET TO THE TABLE "SCAN"
KB12: TEST AH, BREAK_BIT IS THIS A BREAK CHAR?
JZ
j ----CHECK FOR
CMP
JZ
CMP
JNZ
OR
OUT
INT
AND
TEST
JZ
CMP
JNE
AND
MOV
IRET
KB13 JUMP IF MAKE CODE
TOGGLE KEV
AL, NUM_LOCK
KB12_1
AL, SCROLL_LOCK
K812_2
AL, SOH
KBPORT, AL
IS THIS
JUMP IF
IS THIS
JUMP IF
TURN ON
A NUM LOCK?
TOGGLE KEV
A SCROLL LOCK?
NOT A TOGGLE KEV
BREAK SI T
9H ; TOGGLE STATE
AL, AND_MASK-BREAK_BI T ; TURN OFF BREAK BIT
KB_FLAG_2, FN_8REAK ; HAS FUNCT I ON BREAK OCCURED?
KB 12_3 ; JUMP I F BREAK HAS NOT OCCUREO
AL, CUR_FUNC IS THIS A BREAK OF OLD VALID
FUNCTION
RET _I NT ; ALLOW FURTHER CURRENT FUNCT IONS
K8_FLAG_2. CLEAR_FLAGS
j CLEAR CURRENT FUNCTl ON
12A3 3A 06 0097 R
12A7 75 B7
12A9 80 26 OOBB R OF
t2AE EB ED
1280 F6 06 0088 R 40
1285 74 00
1297 90 3E 00B7 R 00
12BC 74 06
12BE 38 06 0087 R
12C2 75 BC
12C4 A2 00B7 R
12C7 3C 04
12e9 7F 91
12eB 74 34
12eo 3C 03
12CF 74 lA
1201 FE C8
1203 DO EO
1205 DO EO
1207 98
1208 2E 8D 36 108B R
1200 03 FO
12DF 89 0004
12E2
12E2 2E: AC
12E4 E6 60
12E6 CD 09
12E8 E2 FB
12EA CF
12E8 F6 06 0018 R 08
12FO 75 OE:
12F2 80 DE 0018 R 08
12F7 E4 AO
I2F9 F6 06 0018 R 08
12FE 75 F9
1300 CF
1301 F6 06 001B R 08
1306 74 06
1308 80 26 001B R F7
1300 CF
130E 83 C4 06
1311 07
1312 IF
1313 SA
1314 59
1315 58
1316 E4 AD
1318 eo 05
IlIA 58
1318 SF
131C 5E
1310 CF
131E
131E
131E 53
131F 38 06 DaBS R
1323 74 31
1325 AS BO
1327 74 12
1329 24 7F
1328 38 06 0085 R
132F SA C4
1331 75 as
1333 C6 06 0085 R 00
1338 FB
1339 5B
133A C3
AL, CUR_FUNC i 15TH I S BREAK OF FIRST FUNCT ION?
JNE RET _I NT , IGNORE
AND KB_FLAG_2, AND_MASK-FN_PENDING TURN OFF PENDING
FUNCT JON
JMP KB12_20 ; CLEAR CURRENT FUNCT I ON AND RETURN
i ----VALJ 0 MAKE KEV HAS BEEN PRESSED
KB13: TEST KB_FLAG_2, FN_8REAK ; CHECK IF FUNCTION KEV HAS BEEN
JZ KB14 1
; ----FUNCT I ON BREAK HAS ALREADV
CMP CUR_FuNe,o
JZ KB14 1
CMP CUR_FUNC, AL
JNZ KB85
; PRESSED
; JUMP IF NOT SET
OCCURED
i IS THIS A NEW FUNCTION?
INITIALIZE NEW FUNCTION
i IS TH I 5 NON-CURRENT FUNCTI ON
; JUMP I F NO FUNCT I ON I S PEND I NG
, TO RETRI EVE ORI GI NAL SCAN CODE
; ----CHECK FOR
KB14 1 MOV
K816: CMP
SCAN CODE GENERATION SEQUENCE
CUR_FUNC, AL INI TIALtZE CURRENT FN
AL, PRT_SCREEN IS THIS A SIMULATED SEQUENCE?
JG CONT INT JUMP IF" THIS IS A SIMPLE
- TRANSLAT I ON
JZ PRTSC DO THE PRI NT SCREEN FUNCT! ON
eMP AL,PAUSE IS THIS THE HOLD FUNCTION?
JZ KB 16 1 00 THE PAUSE FUNCT I ON
; ----BREAK OR ECHO -
DEC AL
SHL AL,l
SHL AL, 1
cew
LEA
ADD
"DV
51, SCAN
SI, AX
eX,4
POI NT AT BASE
MULTIPLY BY 4
ADDRESS SEQUENCE OF SIMULATED
KEYSTROKES
UPDATE TO POINT AT CORRECT SET
LOOP COUNTER
GENERATE
LODS
OUT
SCAN
KBPORT, AL
9H
GENERATE
GET SCAN CODE FROM TABLE
I NT
LOOP
1 RET
PROCESS IT
GET NEXT
i----PUT KEYBOARD IN HOLD STATE
K816_1 TEST KB_FLAG_l, HOLD_STATE, CANNOT GO IN HOLD STATE IF
HOLD
JNZ
OR
IN
TEST
JNZ
; ITS ACTI VE
KB 16_2 , DONE WI TH INTERRUPT
KB_FLAG_l, HOLD_STATE; TURN ON HOLD FLAG
AL, NMI_PORT RESET KEYBOARD LATCH
K8_FLAG_1, HOLD_STATE i STILL IN HOLD STATE?
HOLD CONTINUE LOOPING UNTIL KEV IS
PRESSED
KB16_2: I RET RETURN FROM INTERRUPT 48H
i----PRINT SCREEN FUNCTION
PRTSC TEST KB_FLAG_l, HOLD_STATE i 15 HOLD STATE IN PROGRESS?
JZ K816_3 ; OK TO CONTINUE WI TH PRTSC
AND KB_FLAG_l,OFFH-HOLO_STATE ; TURN OFF FLAG
I RET
POP OS
POP OX
POP cx
POP ex
IN AL,NMI_PORT
INT 5H
POP AX
POP 01
POP SI
IRET
GET RID OF CALL TO INTERRUPT 48H
POP REG I STERS THAT AREN'T
MODIFIED IN INT5
RESET KEYBOARD LATCH
I SSUE INTERRUPT
POP THE REST
KEV62_1 NT ENDP
: TYPAMATI C
THIS ROUTINE WILL CHECK KEYBOARD STATUS BITS IN KB_FLAG_2
AND DETERMINE WHAT STATE THE KEYBOARD IS IN. APPROPRIATE
INPUT ACTION WILL BE TAKEN.
j AL= SCAN CODE OF KEY WHICH TRIGGERED NON-MASKABLE INTERRUPT
; OUTPUT
TP"
CARRV BIT = 1 IF NO ACTION IS TO BE TAKEN.
CARRY BI T = a MEANS SCAN CODE IN AL SHOULD BE PROCESSED
FURTHER.
MODIFICATIONS TO THE VARIABLES CUR CHAR AND VAR DELAY ARE
MADE. ALSO THE PUTCHAR BIT IN KB FLAG 2 IS TOGGLED WHEN
THE KEVBOARD I SIN HALF RATE MODE - -
PROC
PUSH
NEAR
ex
CMP CUR_CHAR, AL
JZ TP2
; 1 S TH I S A NEW CHARACTER?
, JUMP I F SAME CHARACTER
; ----NEW CHARACTER CHECK FOR BREAK SEQUENCES
TP:
TEST AL, BREAK_B I T
.JZ TPO
AND AL,07FH
CMP CUR_CHAR, AL
"OV
JNZ
"OV
CLC
POP
RET
AL, AH
TP
CUR_CHAR, 00
ex
I S THE NEW KEY A BREAK KEY?
JUMP IF NOT A BREAK
CLEAR BREAK BIT
I S NEW CHARACTER THE BREAK OF
LAST MAKE?
RETR I EVE OR I G I NAL CHARACTER
JUMP IF NOT THE SAME CHARACTER
CLEAR CURRENT CHARACTER
CLEAR CARRY BI T
RETURN
ROM BIOS A-41
133B A2 0085 R
133E 80 26 0086 R FO
1343 80 26 OOSS R FE
1348 F6 06 0088 R 02
1340 74 E9
134F 80 OE 0096 R OF
1354 EB E2
1356 F6 06 OOBB R 08
1358 75 2B
1350 8A IE 0086 R
1361 80 E3 OF
1364 OA DB
1366 74 00
136B FE C8
136A 80 26 0086 R FO
136F 08 IE 0086 R
1373 EB 13
1375 FE> 08 0088 R 04
137A 74 BC
137C 90 36 0098 R 01
1381 F6 06 0088 R 01
1386 75 80
138B
1389 F.
1399 58
138A C3
13B8
13BS
1388 50
13SC 88 0040
13BF BE 08
1391 58
1392 C3
1393
1393
1393 F8
1394 IE
E8 138B R
139B 80 FC 90
139B 74 2E
1390 OA E4
139F 7. 07
13Al FE CC
13A3 7. I.
13A5 FB
13A6 IF
13A7 CF
13A8 FA
13A9 AO 0070 R
13AC C6 06 0070 R 00
13Bl BB OE DOGE R
1385 8B I. 006C R
1389 E8 EA
1388 FA
13BC 8. I. OOSC R
13CO 8. DE 006E R
13C4 CS O. 0070 R 00
13C9 EB DA
A-42 ROM BIOS
,----INITIALIZE A NEW CHARACTER
TPO: MOV CUR_CHAR, AL ; SAVE NEW CHARACTER
AND VAR_DELAY, OFOH ; CLEAR VARIABLE DELAY
AND KB_FLAG_2,OFEH; INITIAL PUTCHAR BIT AS ZERO
TEST KB_FLAG_2, INIT_DELAY ; ARE WE INCREASING THE
J2
OR
JHP
; INITIAL DELAY?
TP ; DEFAULT DELAY
DELAY_RATE; INCREASE DELAV BY 2X
SHORT TP
; ----CHECK IF WE ARE IN TYPAMATIC MODE AND IF DELAY IS OVER
KB_FlAG_2, TVPE_OFF ; IS TVPAMATI C TURNED OFF? TP2: TEST
JN2
HOV
AND
OR
J2
DEC
AND
OR
JHP
TP4 JUMP IF TYPAMATIC RATE IS OFF
Bl, VAR_DELAV GET VAR_DEAlY
Bl,OFH MASK OFF HIGH ORDER(SCREEN RANGE)
Bl, BL IS I Nl TI Al DELAY OVER?
TP3 JUMP IF DELAY IS OVER
Bl DECREASE DELAY WAIT BY ANOTHER
CHARACTER
VAR_DELAV, OFOH
VAR_DELAV, BL
SHORT TP4
; ----CHECK IF TJ ME TO OUTPUT CHAR
TP3: TEST KB_FLAG_2, HALF_RATE; ARE WE IN HALF RATE MODE
TP4:
J2
XOR
TEST
JNZ
STC
POP
RET
TP ; JUMP I F WE ARE I N NORMAL MODE
KB_FLAG_2, PUTCHAR ; TOGGLE BIT
KB_FLAG_2, PUTCHAR ; I SIT TIME TO PUT OUT A CHAR
TP NOT TI ME TO OUTPUT CHARACTER
SKI P THI S CHARACTER
SET CARRY FLAG
8X
TPM ENOP
:
; INPUT, NONE
i OUTPUT, OS IS SET
j ---------------------------------------------------------------
DDS PROC NEAR
PUSH AX
HOV AX,40H
HOV OS, AX
POP AX
RET
DDS ENDP
INT lA ----------------------------------------------------
TIME OF DAY/SOUND SOURCE SELECT
- THIS ROUTI NE ALLOWS THE CLOCK TO BE SET IREAD
AN INTERFACE FOR SETTING THE MULTIPLEXER FOR
AUO I 0 SOURCE I S ALSO PROVIDED
INPUT
(AH) = 0 READ THE CURRENT CLOCK SETT] NG
RETURNS ex = HI GH PORTI ON OF COUNT
OX = LOW PORTI ON OF COUNT
AL = 0 1FT I MER HAS NOT PASSED 24 HOURS
SINCE LAST READ. () 0 IF ON ANOTHER DAY
(AH) = 1 SET THE CURRENT CLOCK
CX HIGH PORT I ON OF COUNT
OX LOW PORTI ON OF COUNT
(AH) ;;; 90H SET UP SOUND MULTIPLEXER
AL =(SOURCE OF SOUND) --) "AUDIO OUT" OR RF MODULATOR
00 8253 CHANNEL 2
01 CASSETTE INPUT
02 = "AUDIO IN" LINE ON I/O CHANNEL
03 "" COMPLEX SOUND GENERATOR CH I P
NOTE: COUNTS OCCUR AT THE RATE OF 1193180/65536 COUNTS/SEC
(OR ABOUT 18. 2 PER SECOND -- SEE EQUATES BELOW)
---------------------------------------------------------------
ASSUME CS: CODE, OS: DATA
TI ME_OF _DAY PROC FAR
STI I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
PUSH DS SAVE SEGMENT
CALL DDS
CHP AH, BOH AH=80
JE T4A MUX SET-UP
OR AH, AH AH;;;O
JZ T2 READ _TIME
DEC AH AH=l
J2 T3 SET TIME
T1: STI I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
POP DS RECOVER SEGMENT
IRET RETURN TO CALLER
T2: CLI NO TIMER INTERRUPTS WHILE READING
MOV AL, Tl MER_OFL
MOV TI MER_OFL, 0 GET OVERFLOW, AND RESET THE FLAG
HOV ex, TI MER_HI GH
HOV OX, TI MER_LOW
JHP T 1 TOD RETURN
T3: CLI NO INTERRUPTS WHILE WRITING
HOV TI MER_LOW, OX
MOV TIMER_HIGH, ex SET THE TIME
HOV TI MER_OFL, 0 RESET OVERFLOW
JHP T 1 TOO _RETURN
13CS 51
13CC 91 05
13CE D2 EO
1300 S6 C4
1302 E04 61
130-4 204 9F
1306 OA C04
1308 E6 61
13DA 59
1308 EB C8
1300
1300
1300 FB
13DE 1
13DF 53
13EO E8 1388 R
13E3 OA .E04
135 704 OA
13E7 FE CC
139 704 IE
13Es FE CC
13EO 74 28
13EF EB 2E
13Fl
13F 1 FB
13F2 90
13Fa FA
13F04 aa IE aOlA R
13rs 38 IE ODIC R
13FC 704 FJ
13rE se 07
10400 E8 1044F R
1403 S9 IE 001A R
1407 EB 43
1409 FA
140A 88 IE 001A R
140E 38 1 DOle R
1412 88 07
1414 FB
1415 sa
1416 1F
1417 CA 0002
141A AO 0017 R
1410 EB 20
T4A: PUSH ex
CL,5
AL,CL
AL,AH
MOV
SAL
XCHG
IN
AND
OR
OUT
POP
JMP
AL, PORT_B
AL,100111118
AL, AH
PORT_B, AL
ex
Tl
ENDP
SHIFT PAR" BllS LEFT 5 POSITIONS
SAVE PARM
GET CURRENT PORT SETT I NGS
ISOLATE MUX BITS
COMBINE PORT BrTS/PAR" BITS
5ET PORT TO NEW VALUE
; ---- tNT 16 ------------------------------------------------------
KEVBOARD 1/0
INPUT
OUTPUT
THESE ROUT! NES PROVI DE KEYBOARD SUPPORT
(AH)::O READ THE NEXT Ase I I CHARACTER STRUCK FROM THE
KEYBOARD, RETURN THE RESULT IN (AL), SCAN CODE IN
(AH)
(AH)::l SET THE Z FLAG TO INDICATE IF AN ASCII CHARACTER IS
AVA-J LABLE TO BE READ.
(ZFl=-l -- NO CODE AVAILABLE
(ZF)=O -- CODE IS AVAILABLE
IF 'ZF c::: 0, THE NEXT CHARACTER I N THE BUFFER TO BE
READ IS IN AX, AND T-HE ENTRY REMAINS IN THE BUFFER
(AH)::2 RETURN THE CURRENT SHIFT STATUS IN AL REGISTER
THE BIT SETTI-NGS FOR THIS CODE ARE INDICATED IN THE
THE EQUATES FOR KB F U ~ G
(AH)::3 SET TVPAMATIC RATES. THE TVPA-MATIC RATE CAN 8E
CHANGED USING THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:
(AL )::::0 RETURN TO DEF AUL T. RESTORES OR I G I NAL
STATE. I. E. TVPAMATIC ON. NORMAL INITIAL
"DELAV, AND NORMAL TVPAMATIC RATE.
(AU=l INCREASE INITIAL DELAY. THIS IS THE
DELAY BETWEEN THE FIRST CHARACTER AND
THE BURST OF lVPAHATIC -CHARS.
(AL )::2 HALF_RATE. SLOWS TYPAHATI C CHARACTERS
-BY ONE HALF.
(ALI::::3 COHBINES AL=l-AND AL=2. INCREASES
INITIAL DELAV AND SLOWS TYPAMATIC
CHARACTERS BY ONE HALF.
(AU=4 TURN OFF TVPA'MATIC CHARACTERS. ONLY t.HE
FIRST CHARACTER IS HONORED. ALL OTHERS
ARE IGNORED.
AL IS RANGE CHECKED. IF AL(O OR AL>4 THE STATE
REMAI NS THE SAME.
***NOTE*** EACH TIME THE TYPAMATIC RATES ARE
CHANGED ALL PREVIOUS STATES ARE REMOVED. I. E. IF
THE KEVBOARD IS IN THE HALF RATE MODE AND YOU WANT
TO ADD AN INCREASE IN TYPAHATIC DELAY, YOU MUST
CALL THIS ROUTINE WITH AH=3 AND AL::3.
(AH)::4 ADJUST KEYBOARD By THE YALUE-IN AL AS FOLLOWS;
(AL)::O TURN OFF KEYBOARD CLICK.
(AL):: 1 TURN ON KEYBOARD CL I CK.
AL IS RANGE CHECKED. THE STATE IS UNALTERED IF
AL <> 1,0.
AS NOTED ABOVE, ONL V AX AND FLAGS CHANGED
ALL REGISTERS RETAINED
k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ASSUME Cs: CODE, os DATA
sn
PUSH OS
PUSH BX
CALL DDS
OR AH, AH
JZ Kl
DEC AH
JZ K2
DEC AH
.JZ K3
JMP SHORT K3 1
1 NTERRUPTS BACK ON
SAVE CURRENT OS
SAVE BX TEMPORARILY
POINT tiS AT BIOS DATA SEGMENT
AH::O
ASCII READ
AH::1 -
ASCII STATUS
AH::2 -
SHIFT_STATUS
READ THE KEY TO FIGURE
K1:
OUT WHAT TO DO
ASCI I READ
sn
NOP
ell
HOV
CMP
JZ
HOV
CALL
HOV
JHP
; ------ ASCI J
K2: CLl
;
K3:
MOV
CMP
MOV
ST!
POP
POP
RET
SHIFT
MOV
JMP
ax, BUFFER_HEAD
BX, BUFFER_ TAl L
01
A)(, [ex]
04
BUFFER_HEAD I ex ;
SHORT RET J NT 16
STATUS -
BX, BUFFER_HEAD
B)(, BUFFER TAIL
AX, (BX] -
ex
os
2
STATUS
AL, KB_FLAG I
SHORT RET _I NT 16
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON DURI NG LOOP
ALLOW _AN I NTERRUPT TO OCCUR
.1 NTERRUPTS BACK OFF
GET POINTER TO HEAD OF SUFFER
TEST END OF BUFFER
LOOP UNTI L SOHETH I NG I N BUFFER
GET SCAN CODE AND ASCI I CODE
MOVE POINTER TO NEXT POSITION
STORE VALUE IN VARI ABLE
I NTERRUPTS OFF
GET HEAD POt NTER
IF EQUAL (Z=1I THEN NOTHING THERE
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
RECOVER REGI STER
RECOVER SEGMENT
THROW AWAY FLAGS
GET THE SHIFT STATUS FLAGS
A-ROM BIOS A-43
141F FE CC
1421 74 lA
1423 FE CC
1425 75 25
1427 OA CO
1429 75 07
1428 80 26 0018 R FB
1430 E8 lA
1432 3C 01
1434 75 16
1436 80 OE 0018 R 04
1438 ES OF
1430 3C 04
143F 7F DB
1441 80 26 0088 R Fl
1446 DO EO
144B OB 06 008B R
144C
144C 58
144D IF
144E CF
144F
144F
144F 43
1450 43
1451 38 IE 0082 R
1455 75 04
1457 88 IE 0080 R
1458 C3
145C
145C
145C 52
1450 3A 45 46 3B 10
14&2 2A 36
= 0008
1464
1464 80
1465 40 20 10 08 04
146. 02 01
146C IB FF 00 FF FF FF
IE FF
1474 FF FF FF IF FF 7F
FF 11
147C 17 05 12 14 19 15
09 OF
1484 10 18 10 0. FF 01
13
1488 04 06 07 08 OA OB
OC FF FF
1494 FF FF Ie lA 18 03
16 02
149C OE OD FF FF FF FF
FF FF
14A4 20 FF
14A6
14A6 5E 5F 60 61 62 63
64 65
14AE 66 67 FF FF 77 FF
84 FF
14B6 73 FF 74 FF 75 FF
76 FF
148E FF
14BF
148F 18 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 30 20
3D 08 09
14CE 71 77 65 72 74 79
75 69 6F 70 58 5D
aD FF 61 73 64 66
67 68 6A 6B 6C 38
27
14E7 60 FF 5C 7. 78 63
76 62 6E 6D 2C 2E
2F FF 2A FF 20
14F8 FF
14F9
14F9 18 21 40 23 24 25
5E 26 2A 2B 29 SF
28 08 00
1508 51 57 45 52 54 59
55 49 4F 50 79 7D
00 FF 41 53 44 46
47 4S 4A 4B 4C 3A
22
1521 7E FF 7C 5A 58 43
56 42 4 4D 3C 3E
3F FF 00 FF 20 FF
A-44 ROM BIOS
; ------- ADJUST KEV CLI CK
K3_1: DEC AH
.JZ K3_3 AH=3, ADJUST TVPAMATIC
DEC AH RANGE CHECK FOR AH=4
.JNZ RET_I NT 16 ILLEGAL FUNCT I ON CALL
OR Al, Al TURN OFF KEVBOARD CLICK'?
.JNZ K3_2 ; .JUMP FOR RANGE CHECK
AND KB_FLAG_l,AND_MASK-CLICK_ON ; TURN OFF CLICK
..IMP SHORT RET I NT 16
K3_2: CMP AL, 1 - ; RANGE CHECK
.JNE RET_I NT 16 ; NOT I N RANGE, RETURN
OR KB_FLAG_l,Cl1CK_ON TURN ON KEYBOARD CLICK
JMP SHORT RET_I NT 16
K3_3:
CHECK FOR CORRECT RANGE
.JG RET_I NT 16
AND KB_FLAG_2, OF IH
SHL Al,1
OR KB_FLAG_2, AL
I F I LlEGAl VALUE IN Al 1 GNORE
MASK OFF ANV OLD TVPAMATIC STATES
SHI FT TO PROPER POSITION
RET_I NT 16;
POP
POP
IRET
BX
OS
RECOVER REG] STER
RECOVER REGISTER
RETURN TO CALLER
KEYBOARD_I a ENOP
; ------ INCREMENT A BUFFER POINTER
K4 PROC NEAR
INC 8)( MOVE TO NEMT WORD ] N 11 ST
INC 8M
CMP ax,8UFFER_END AT END OF BUFFER?
.JHE K5 NO, CONTI HUE
MOV BM,BUFFER_START YES, RESET TO BUFFER BEGINNING
K5: RET
K4 EHOP
; ------ TABLE OF SHI FT KEVS AND MASK VALUES
K6 LABEL BVTE
DB I NS_KEV ; INSERT KEV
DB CAPS_KEV, NUM_KEV, SCROLL_KEV, ALl_KEV, CTL_KEV
DB lEFT _KEV, RI GHT_KEV
K6L EQU .-K6
; ------ SHIFT_MASK_TABLE
K7 LABEL BVTE
08 INS_SHIFT ; INSERT MODE SHIFT
DB CAPS_SHIFT, NUH_SHI FT, SCROLL_SHIFT, Al T_SHI FT, CTL_SHIFT
DB LEFT_SHIFT, RIGHT_SHIFT
K8 SCAN
DB -1,-1,-1,31,-1,127,-1,17
DB 23,5,18,20,25,2.1.,9,15
OS 16,27.29,10, -1,1,19
DB 4,6,7,8,10,11,12,-1,-1
DB -1, -1, 28, 26, 24, 3, 22, 2
DB 14,13, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,-1
DB ' ',-1
; -------- eTl TABLE SCAN
Kg LABEL 8VTE
DB 94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101
08 102,103, -1, -1,119, -1,132,-1
DB 115,-1,116,-1,117,-1,118,-1
DB -1
; ------- lC TA8LE
KID LABEL BVTE
DB DISH, , 1234567890-=', DSH, OSH
DB 'qwertyulop[]',ODH,-I, 'asdfghJkl; ',027H
DB 60H,-I,5CH, 'zlIcYbnm,.I',-l, '.',-1,' ,
DB -1
------ UC TABLE
K 11 LABEL BVTE
DB 27, '! N$', 37, 05EH, 'I.' )_+', 08H, 0
DB 'QWERTVUIOP{}', DOH, -I, 'ASDFGH.JKL;'"
DB 07EH, -1,' :ZMCYBNM(>?', -1, 0, -1,' ',-1
1533
1533 54 55 56 57 58 59
5A
153A 58 5e 50
1530
1530 68 69 6A 69 6e
1542 6D BE SF 70 71
1547
1547 37 38 39 2D 34 35
3628313233'30
2E
1S54
1554 47 48 49 FF 48 FF
40
1558 FF 4F 50 51 52 53
1561
1561 Fa
1562 50
1563 53
1564 51
1565 52
US6B 56
1567 57
1568 IE
1569 06
156A Fe
156B 8 1388 R
156E 8A EO
1570 3t FF
1572 75 19
1514 BS 0080
1577 ss 0048
151 A 8 E035 R
1570 80 26 0017 R Fa
1582 80 26 0018 R OF
1587 80 26 0088 R IF
15Be 9 164A R
IsaF
IsaF 24 7F
1591 DE
1592 07
1593 SF 14!5C R
1596 89 0009
1599 F21 AE
159B 8A C4
1590 74 03
159F 9 163A R
15A2 81 EF 1450 R
15A6 2: 8A A5 1464 R
15A8 A8 80
15AD 75 51
15AF 80 Fe 10
1582 73 07
15B4 08 26 0017 R
15B8 9 164A R
1598
I!5BB F6 06 0017 R 04
15cO 75 78
15C2 3C 52
15C4 75 22
15C6 F6 06 0017 R 08
15C8 75 60
15CD Fa 06 0017 R 20
15D2 75 00
15D4 F6 06 0017 R 03
1509 74 00
160B
15DB 98 5230
I!5DE E9 17EC R
151
151 F6 06 0017 R 03
15E6 74 F3
158
158 84 26 0018 R
15Ee 75 5e
15EE os 2S 0018 R
15F2 30 2& 0017 R
l!iF6 3C 52
15F8 75 50
15FA 88 5200
15FD 9 17EC R
; ------ UC TABLE SCAN
K 12 LABEL BVTE
D8 84,85,86,87, B8, 89,'0
08 91,92,93
; ------ AL T TABLE SCAN
K 13 LABEL BYTE
DB 104, 105, 106, 107, 108
DB 109, 110,111,112,113
; ------ NUM STATE TABLE
K 14 LABEL BYTE
DB '789-456+1230. '
BASE CASE TABLE
LABEL BYTE
DB 71,72,73,-1,75,-1,77
DB -1,79, SO, 81, 82, 83
; ------ KEYBOARD I NTERRUPT ROUT I NE
teB INT PRoe FAR
- STI ; ALLOW FURTHER INTERRUPTS
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
CLO
AX
ex
cx
OX
SI
01
OS
ES
CALL DDS
MOY AH, AL
i FORWARD 0 I RECTI ON
i SAVE SCAN CODE IN AH
TEST fOR OVERRUN SCAN CODE FROM KEYBOARD
CMP AL,OFFH
JNZ K16
MOY SK, BOH
MOV CK,48H
CALL KB_NOISE
AND KB_FLAG,OFOH
AND
AND KB_FLAG_2, IFH
..IMP K2&
IS TH I S AN OVERRUN CHAR?
NO, TEST FOR SHIFT KEY
DURATION OF ERROR BEEP
FREQUENCY OF TONE
BUFFER FULL BEEP
CLEAR AL T , CLRL, LEFT AND
SHIFTS
CLEAR POTENTI AL BREAK OF
,NUM AND SCROLL SH I FT
CLEAR FUNCTION STATES
END OF INTERRUPT
RIGHT
INSj CAPS
; ------ TEST FOR SHI FT KEYS
K16: TEST_SHIFT
AND
PUSH
POP
MOV
HOV
REPNE
AL,07FH
CS
ES
D I, OFFSET K6
CK, K6L
SCASB
MOV AL,AH
JE K17
JMP K25
TURN OFF THE BREAK BIT
ESTABLISH ADDRESS OF SHIFT TABLE
SHI FT KEY TA8lE
LENGTH
LOOK THROUGH THE TABLE FOR A
MATCH
RECOVER SCAN CODE
JUMP I F MATCH FOUND
~ NO MATCH, THEN SHIFT NOT FOUND
; ------ SHIFT KEY FOUND
K17: SUB DI,OFFSET K6+1 ADJUST PTR TO SCAN tODE MATCH
MOV AH,CS:K7[Dll GET MASK INTO AH
TEST AL,80H TEST FOR BREAK KEY
JNZ K23 ; BREAK_SHIFT_FOUND
;------ sHIFT MAKE FOUND, DETERMINE SET OR TOGGLE
CMP AH,SCROLL_SHIFT
JAE K18 ; IF SCROLL SHIFT OR ABOVE, TOGGLE
; KEY
;------ PLAIN SHIFT KEY, SET SHIFT ON
OR KB_FLAG, AH ; TURN ON SHI FT SIT
JMP K26 i INTERRUPT_RETURN
i ------ TOGGLED SHI FT KEY, TEST FOR 1ST MAKE OR NOT
K18: ; SHIFT-TOGGLE
K20:
K21:
K22:
TEST KB_FlAG, tTL_SHIFT i CHECK CTL SHIFT STATE
JNZ K25 i JUMP I F eTl STATE
CMP AL, INS_KEY i CHECK FOR I NSERT KEY
JNZ K22 ; JUMP I F Nor I NSERT KEY
TEST KB_FLAG, ALT_SHIFT ; CHECK FOR ALTERNATE SHIFT
JNZ K25 i JUMP IF ALTERNATE SHIFT
TEST KS_FLAG, NUM_STATE ; CHECK FOR BASE STATE
JNZ K21 ; JUMP IF NUM LOCK IS ON
TEST KB_FLAG, LEFT_SHIFT+ RIGHT_SHIFT
JZ K22 JUMP I F BASE STATE
HOV
JHP
TEST
JZ
TEST
JHZ
OR
XOR
CHP
JHE
HOV
JHP
AX, 5230H
K57
; NUMERIC ZERO, NOT INSERT KEY
; PUT OUT AN ASCI I ZERO
; BUFFER_FILL
; MIGHT 8E NUMERIC
KS_FLAG, LEFT_SHIFT+ RIGHT_SHIFT
K20 JUMP NUMERIC, NOT INSERT
AH, KB_FLAG_l
K26
KB_FLAG_l, AH
KB_FlAG, AH
AL, INS_KEY
K26
AX,INS_KEY.2S6
K57
SHIFT TOGGLE KEY HIT; PROCESS IT
IS KEY ALREADY DEPRESSED
JUMP I F KEY ALREAOY OEPRESSED
INDICATE THAT THE KEY IS
DEPRESSED
TOGGLE THE SHIFT STATE
TEST FOR 1ST MAKE OF I NSERT KEY
J U M P ~ 'iF NOT I NSERT KEY
SET SCAN CODE INTO AH, 0 INTO AL
PUT J NTO OUTPUT BUFFER
ROM BIOS A-45
1600
1600 80 FC 10
1603 13 lA
1605 F6 D4
1601 20 26 0011 R
160B 3C B8
160D 153S
160F AO 0019 R
1612 32 E4
1614 88 26 0019 R
1618 OA CO
161A 74 2E
161C E9 l1F5 R
161F
161F 3C oA
1621 75 OF
1623 F6 06 0010 R 02
1828 14 08
162A 80 26 0018 R FD
162F E8 19 90
1632 F6 D4
1634 20 26 0018 R
1638 EB 10
163A
163A ac 80
163C 73 OC
163E F6 06 0018 R 08
1643 14 OE
1645 80 26 0018 R F7
164A
164A D7
1649 IF
184C 5F
164D BE
164E SA
164F 59
16150 5B
1651 58
1652 CF
1653
1653 F6 06 0017 R OB
1658 15 03
165A E9 1149 R
165D
165D FS 06 0011 R 04
1662 14 69
1664 3C 53
1666 15 09
1668 C7 06 0072 R 1234
166E E9 0043 R
1611 3C 52
1673 75 09
f675 C7 06 0072 R 4321
1678 E9 0043 R
161 3C 3A
1680 75 13
1682 F6 0.6 0018 R 02
1687 75 C1
1689 80 36 0018 R 04
168 90 O 0018 R 02
1693 EO 05
1695 ac 4D
1697 75 12
1699 8 186E R
169C 3C FC
169E 7C AA
16AO FE OE 0089 R
16M FE C8
16A6 E8 187. R
16A9 EO 14
16AB 3C 4B
16AD 15 1
ISAF EB IS6E R
1882 3C 04
1694 7F 94
18B6 FE 06 0089 R
18BA FE CO
16BC E8 187A R
A-46 ROM BIOS
; ------ BREAK SHIFT FOUND
K23: BREAK-Stil FT-FOUND
CMP AH. SCROLL_SHIFT IS THIS A TOGGLE KEV
..JAE K24 YES, HANDLE BREAK TOGGLE
NOT AH I NYERT MASK
AND KB_FLAG, AH TURN OFF SHIFT BIT
tt1P AL,ALT_KEV+BOH IS THIS ALTERNATE SHIFT RELEASE
JNE K26 ; INTERRUPT_RETURN
.------ ALTERNATE SHIFT KEV RELEASED, GET THE VALUE INTO BUFFER
K24:
MOV AL. AL T _I NPUT
)COR AH, AH
MOY ALT_INPUT, AH
OR AL, AL
JE K26
JMP KS8
SCAN CODE OF 0
ZERO OUT THE FIELD
WAS THE 1 NPUT=O?
I NTERRUPT RETURN
IT WASN'r:- SO PUT I N BUFFER
; BREAK-TOGGLE
CMP
JNE
TEST
JZ
AND
AL, CAPS_KEV+BREAK_BIT ; SPECIAL CASE OF TOGGLE KEV
K24_1 ; JUMP ARDUND POTENTIAL UPDATE
KB_FLAG_l, CllCK_SEQUENCE
K24_1 ; ,JUMP IF NOT SPECIAL CASE
KB_F"LAG_l, AND_MASK-CLICK_SEQUENCE ; MASK OFF MAKE
JMP K26
OF CLICK
INTERRUPT J S OVER
; ------ BREAK Of' NORMAL TOGGLE
K24 1: 'NOT AH INVERT MASK
- AND KB_FLAG_l, AH I NO I CATE NO LONGER DEPRESSED
INTERRUPT_RETURN JMP SHORT K26
; ------ TEST FOR HOLD STATE
K25: NO-SHIFT-FOUND
K26:
CMP
JAE
TEST
JZ
AND
POP
POP
POP
PDP
POP
POP
POP
POP
IRET
Al.80H
K26
TEST FOR BREAK KEV
NOTHI NG FOR BREAK CHARS FROM HERE
; ON
KB_FLAG_l, HOLD_STATE; ARE WE IN HOLD STATE?
K2B ; BRANCH AROUND TEST I F NOT
KB_FLAG_l, NOT HOLD_STATE ; TURN OFF THE HOLD STATE
E5
OS
01
51
OX
CX
BX
AX
; BIT
; INTERRUPT-RETURN
; RESTORE STATE
; RETURN, INTERRUPTS BACK ON WITH
i FLAG CHANGE
;------NOT IN HOLD STATE, TEST FOR SPECIAL CHARS
K28: ; NO-HOLD-STATE
TEST KB_FLAG.ALT_SHIFT; ARE WE I.N ALTERNATE SHIFT
JNZ K29 ; JUMP IF Al TERNATE SH I FT
JMP K3B ; JUMP IF NOT ALTERNATE
; ------ TEST FOR AL T+CTRL KEY SEQUENCES
1<29: ; TEST-RESET
TEST KB_FLAG, CTL_SHIFT ; ARE WE IN CONTROL SHIFT ALSO
JZ K31 ; NO_RESET
CMP AL, DEL_KEY ; SHIFT STATE IS THERE. TEST KEV
JNE K29_1 ; NO_RESET
;------ tTl-ALT-DEL HAS SEEN FOUND, DO 1/0 CLEANUP
MOV RESET_FLAG, 1234H ; SET FLAG FOR RESET FUNCTION
JMP NEAR PTR RESET ; JUMP TO 'POWER ON 0 I AGNOSTI CS
K29_1: CMP AL,INS_KEY ; CHECK FDR RESET WiTH DIAGNOSTICS
JNE K29_2 ; CHECK FOR OTHER
; AL T -CTRL -SEQUENCES
;------ ALT-CTRl-INS HAS BEEN FOUND
HOY RESET_FLAG, 4321H ; SET FLAG FOR D I AGNOSTI CS
JMP NEAR PTR RESET LEVEL 1 DIAGNOSTICS
K29_2: CMP AL, CAPS_KEY ; CHECK FOR KVBORAO CLICK TOGGLE
JNE K29_3 ; CHECK FOR SCREEN ADJUSTMENT
; ------ ALT+CTRL+CAPSLOCK HAS BEEN FOUND
TEST KB_FLAG_l, Cll eK_SEQUENCE
JNZ K26 ; JUMP I F SEQUENCE HAS ALREADY
XOR
OR
JMP
CMP
JNE
CALL
CMP
JL
DEC
DEC
CALL
JMP
CMP
JNE
CALL
CMP
JC
INC
INC
CALL
; OCCURED
KS_FLAG_l, CLICK_ON; TOGGLE BIT FOR AUDIO KEVSTROKE
; FEEDBACK
KB_FLAG_l. CLICK_SEQUENCE; SET CLICK_SEQUENCE STATE
SHORT K26 1 NTE-RRUPT I S OVER
AL, RIGHT _ARROW AD,",UST SCREEN TO THE RIGHT'?
K29_4 LOOK FOR RIGHT ADJUSTMENT
GET _POS GET THE OF POSI TI ONS SCREEN IS
AL,O-RANGE
K26
HORZ_POS
AL
PUT_POS
SHORT K29_S
AL. LEFT_ARROW
K31
GET_POS
AL, RANGE
K2.
HORZ POS
AL -
SHIFTED
IS SCREEN SHIFTED AS FAR AS
POSSIBLE'?
OUT OF RANGE
SHIFT VALUE TO THE RIGHT
DECREASE RANGE VALUE
RESTORE STORAGE LOCATION
ADJUST
ADJUST SREEN TO THE LEFT'?
NOT AN Al T CTRL SEQUENCE
GET NUMBER-OF POSITIONS SCREEN IS
SHIFTED
IS SCREEN SHIFTED AS FAR AS
POSSIBL.E?
SHIFT SCREEN TO THE LEFT
INCREASE NUMBER OF POSITIONS
SCREEN IS SH I FTED
PUT POSTION SACK IN STORAGE
168F BO 02
16Cl SA 0304
lSC4 EE
IICS AO 0089 R
16C8 42
ISCS EE
ISCA E9 164A R
leCD
16CO 3C 39
IBCF 75 29
1601 BO 20
1603 E9 17EC R
1606
1606 52 4F 50 51 48 4C
40
16DO 47 48 49
16EO 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17
16E8 18 19 IE IF 20 21
22 23
lIFO 24 2!5 26 2C 20 2E
2F 30
18FS 31 32
laFA
IIFA SF 1606 R
16FD 89 OOOA
1700 F2J AE
1702 75 13
1704 81 EF 1607 R
1708 AD 0019 R
1708 840A
1700 F6 E4
170F 03 C7
1711 A2 0019 R
1714 E9 164A R
1717
1717 C6 06 0019 R 00
17le 89 001A
171F F2J AE
1721 7505
1723 32 CO
1725 E9 17EC R
1728
1728 3C 02
172A 72 OC
172C 3C OE
172E 73 0.
1730 80
C'
76
1733 32 CO
1735 E9 17Ee R
1738
1738 3C 38
173A 73 03
173C
173C 9 164A R
173F
173F 3C 47
1741 73 F9
1743 B8 U53D
1746 E9 1863
1749
1749 F6 06 0017 R
O'
174E 74 3.
1750 3C '6
1752 75 19
1754 88 IE 001A R
1758 C6 06 0071 R 80
1750 CO 1B
175F 28 CO
1761 89 07
1763 E8 144F R
1766 89 IE OOIC R
176A E9 164A R
176D
1760 3C 37
176F 76 06
1771 BS 7200
1774 EB 76 90
K29_6: NOY
NaY
OUT
NaY
INC
OUT
JNP
AL,2
OX,304H
DK,AL
AL, HORZ_POS
OX
OX,Al
026
i------ IN ALTERNATE SHIFT,
K31:
eMP AL, 57
.JNE K32
HOV AL,"
.J"P te57
j----- ALl-INPUT-TABLE
K30 LABEL BYTE
ADJUST
ADDRESS TO CRT CONTROLLER
COLUMN pas 1 T1 ON
POINT AT DATA REGISTER
MOY POSITION
RESET NOT FOUND
NO-RESET
TEST FOR SPACE KEY
NOT THERE
SET SPACE CHAR
BUFFER_FILL
DB 82,79,80,81,75,76,77
DB 71, 72, 73 ; 10 NUMBERS ON KEYPAD
; ------ SUPER-SHIFT-TABLE
DB 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23; A-Z TYPEWRITER CHARS
DB 24,25,30,31,32,33,34,35
DB 36,37. 3B, 44, 45, 46, 47.48
DB 49,50
; ------ LOOK FOR KEY PAD ENTRY
K32:
HOY 0 I ,OFFSET 1<30
AL T-KEY-PAD
ALl-INPUT-TABLE
MOV ex, 10
REPNE SCASB
LOOK FOR ENTRY USI NG KEYPAD
lOOK FOR MAICH
.JNE K33
SUB 0 I ,OFFSET K30+ 1
MOV AL, AL T_I NPUT
MOV AH,10
MUL AH
NO_AL T _KEYPAD
o I NOW HAS ENTRV VALUE
GET THE CURRENT BYTE
MUL TIPLV BY 10
ADD AX,DI ADD IN THE LATEST ENTRY
MOV AL T _I NPUT, AL STORE IT AWAY
.JMP K26 ; THROW AWAY THAT KEYSTROKE
; ------ LOOK FOR SUPERSHI FT ENTRY
K33: NO-AL T -KEYPAD
HOY ALT_INPUT, a ZERO ANV PREY I DUS ENTRV INTO
INPUT
MaY C)(,26 Di,ES ALREADY POINTING
REPNE SCASB LOOK FOR MATCH I N ALPHABET
.JNE K34 NOT FOUND, FUNen ON KEY OR OTHER
XOR AL, AL ASC I I CODE OF ZERO
.JMP K57 ; PUT I TIN THE BUFFER
LOOK FOR TOP ROW OF ALTERNATE SHIFT
AL T-TOP-ROW
KEY WITH' I' ON IT CHP
JB
CHP
JAE
AOD
AL.,2
035
AL,14
035
NOT ONE OF I NTEREST I NG KEYS
IS IT IN THE REGION?
ALT-FUNCTION
AH, lIB CONVERT PSUEDO SCAN CODE TO
K36:
K37:
RANGE
XOR AL,AL INDICATE AS SUCH
.JMP KS7 ; BUFFER_FILL
TRANSLATE ALTERNATE SHIFT PSEUDO SCAN CODES
CHP
JAE
JHP
AL,59
K37
026
AL,71
036
ALT-FUNCTION
TEST FOR IN TABLE
AL T -CONT I NUE
CLOSE-RETURN
I GNORE THE KEV
AL T-CONTINUE
I N KEYPAD REG I ON
IF so, IGNORE
CHP
JAE
HOY
JHP
SX, OFFSET KI3
063
ALT SHIFT PSEUDO SCAN TABL.E
TRANSLATE THAT
; ------ NOT
K3B:
IN ALTERNATE SHIFT
, NOT-ALT-SHIFT
TEST KB_FLAG,CTL._SHIFT; ARE WE IN CONTROL SHIFT?
JZ K44 , NOT-eTL-SHIFT
i------ CONTROL. SHIFT, TEST SPECIAL. CHARACTERS
; ------ TEST FOR BREAK AND PAUSE KEVS
CMP AL, SCROLL_KEY TEST FOR BREAK
JNE K41 , NO-BREAK
MOV BX, BUFFER_HEAD GET CURRENT BUFFER HEAD
MaY BIOS_BREAK, BOH TURN ON BIOS_BREAK BIT
I NT IBH BREAK I NTERRUPT VECTOR
SUB AX, AX PUT OUT DUMMY CHARACTER
MOY [BX], AX PUT DUMMV CHAR AT BUFFER HEAD
CALL K4 UPDATE BUFFER POINTER
MOV BUFFER_TAll, BX UPDATE TAIL
JMP K26 DONE WITH INTERUPT
K41:
; ------ TEST
CHP
JNE
NOY
JNP
SPECIAL CASE KEY 55'
AL,55
042
AX. 114*256
057
NO-PAUSE
NOT-KEY-55
START/STOP PRINTING SWITCH
BUFFER_FILL
ROM BIOS A-47
1777
1777 B8 USC R
177A 3C 3B
177C 72 6A
177E BS 14A6 R
1781 E9 1863 R
1784
1794 3C 47
1786 73 IF
1788 F6 06 0017 R 03
1790 74 4E
178F 3C OF
1791 75 05
1793 88 OFOO
1796 EB 54
1798
1798 3C 3B
179A 72 06
179C B8 1533 R
179F E9 IB63 R
17A2
17 A2 BB 14F9 R
17A5 EB 41
17A7
17A7 FS 06 0017 R 20
17AC 75 21
17AE F6 06 0017 R 03
1783 75 21
1785
1785 3C 4A
1787 74 OC
1789 3C 4E
178B 74 00
1780 2C 47
17BF BS 1554 R
17C2 E9 1865 R
17C5 S8 4A2D
17C8 EB 22
17CA BS 4E28
17CO E8 10
17CF
l7CF F6 06 0017 R 03
1704 75 OF
1706
1706 2C 46
1708 BB 1547 R
170B EB oe
1700
l70D 3C 38
170F 72 04
17El 32 CO
17E3 EB 07
17E5
17E5 BB 14BF R
17E8
17E8 FE C8
17EA 2E: 07
17EC
17EC 3C FF
17EE 74 IF
17FO 80 FC FF
17F3 74 1A
17F5
17F5 F6 06 0017 R 40
17FA 74 20
17FC F6 06 0017 R 03
1801 74 OF
1803 3C 41
1805 72 15
IB07 3C SA
1809 77 11
180B 04 20
1BOD EB 00
180F
180F E9 164A R
1812
1812
1814
1816
1818
181A
3C 61
72 06
3C 7A
77 02
2C 20
A-48 ROM BIOS
K4S:
K47:
K50:
K51
K53:
K5.
K55
~ 6
K58:
K59
K60
SET UP TO TRANSLATE CONTROL SHIFT
MOV
eMP
JB
ax, OFFSET KB
AL,59
K56
NOT-KEY-55
SET UP TO TRANSLATE CTl
I S IT IN TABLE?
YES, GO TRANSLATE CHAR
CTL-TABLE- TRANSLATE
MOV ex, OFFSET Kg CTL TABLE SCA.N
TRANSLATE_SCAN .JMP K63
NOT IN CONTROL SHIFT
eMP
JAE
TEST
JZ
UPPER
eMP
JNE
MOV
JMP
eMP
JB
NOT-CTL -SH I FT
AL,71 TEST FOR KEYPAD REGION
K4B ; HANDLE KEYPAD REGlON
KB FLAG, LEFT SHIFT+RIGHT SHIFT
K54 -; TEST FOR SHIFT STATE
CASE, HANDLE SPECIAL CASES
AL,15 BACK TAB KEY
K46 NOT-BACK-TAB
AX, 15*256 SET PSEUDO SCAN CODE
SHORT KS7 BUFFER FILL
AL,59
K.7
NOT-PR TNT -SCREEN
FUNCTI ON KEVS
NOT-UPPER-FUNCT I ON
MOV
JMP
BX, OFFSET K12
K63
UPPER CASE PSEUDO SCAN CODES
TRANSLATE SCAN
NOT-UPPER=FUNCT I ON
MOV BX, OFFSET Kll POINT TO UPPER CASE TABLE
JMP SHORT K56 ; OK, TRANSLATE THE CHAR
KEYPAD KEYS, MUST TEST NUM LOCK FOR DETERMINATION
KEYPAD-REGION
TEST KB_FLAG, NUM_STATE ; ARE WE IN NUt1_LOCK?
K52 TEST FOR SURE JNZ
TEST KB_FLAG,LEFT_SHIFT+RIGHT_SHIFT ; ARE WE IN SHIFT
STATE
JNZ K53 IF SHIFTED, REALLV NUM STATE
BASE CASE FOR KEYPAD
BASE-CASE
eMP AL,74
K50
AL,78
K51
AL,71
SPECIAL CASE FOR A COUPLE OF KEVS
JE
eMP
JE
SUB
MOV
JMP
MOV
JMP
MOV
JMP
MIGHT
BX, OFFSET K15
K6.
AX, 74*256+'-'
SHORT K57
AX, 78*256+ ,+,
SHORT K57
BE NUM LOCK, TEST
MINUS
CONVERT ORIGIN
BASE CASE TABLE
CONVERT TO PSEUDO SCAN
MINUS
BUFFER FI LL
PLUS -
, eUFFER_F I LL
SHIFT STATUS
ALMOST-NUM-ST ATE
TEST KB_FLAG, LEFT_SHJFT+RIGHT_SHIFT
.)NZ K.!I9 SHIFTEO TEMP OUT OF NUM STATE
REALLY NUM STATE
sus AL,70 CONVERT ORIGIN
MOV ex, OFFSET K14 NUM STATE TABLE
.)MP SHORT K56 TRANSLATE_CHAR
PLAI N OLD LOWER CASE
eMP
JB
AL,59
K55
XOR AL, AL
')MP SHORT K57
MOV BX, OFFSET KID
TRANSLATE THE CHARACTER
NOT-SHIFT
TEST FOR FUNCT I ON KEYS
NOT -LOWER-FUNCT I ON
SCAN CODE IN AH ALREADY
BUFFER FILL
NOT -LOWER-FUNCT I ON
LC TABLE
TRANSLATE-CHAR
DEC AL CONVERT ORIGIN
XLAT CS: Kll i CONVERT THE SCAN CODE TO ASCII
PUT CHARACTER I NTO BUFFER
eMP
JE
eMP
JE
HANDLE
AL, -1
K59
AH, -1
K59
THE CAPS LOCK
BUFFER-F I LL
IS THIS AN IGNORE CHAR?
YES, DO NOTHING WITH IT
LOOK FOR -1 PSEUOO SCAN
, NEAR_I NTERRUPT_RETURN
PROBLEM
BUFFER-F I LL -NOTEST
TEST KB_FLAG, CAPS_STATE; ARE WE IN CAPS LOCK
.)2 KGl SKIP IF NOT
LOCK STATE
STATE"?
1 N CAPS
TEST KB_FLAG, LEFT_SHIFT+RIGHT_SHIFT ; TEST FOR SHIFT
STATE
JZ K60
CONVERT ANY UPPER CASE TO
IF NOT SHIFT, CONVERT LOWER TO
UPPER
LOWER CASE
CMP AL, 'A'
.JB K61
CMP AL, '2'
.JA K61
ADD
JMP
AL, 'a'-'A'
SHORT K6!
')MP K26
CONVE:RT ANY LOWER CASE
eMP
J8
eMP
JA
SUB
AL, 'a'
K61
~ ~ l 'z'
AL, 'a'-'A'
FIND OUT IF ALPHABETIC
NOT _CAPS_STATE
NOT _CAPS_ST ATE
CONVERT TO LOWER CASE
NOT CAPS STATE
NEAR-I NTERRUPT-RETURN
, INTERRUPT_RETURN
TO UPPER CASE
LOWER- TO-UPPER
F I NO OUT I F ALPHABET I C
NOT _CAPS_STATE
NOT_CAPS_STATE
CONVERT TO UPPER CASE
18lC
181C 88 IE 001C R
1820 88 F3
1822 E8 144F R
1825 38 IE 001A R
1829 75 10
182B 53
182C BB OOBO
182F B9 0048
1832 E8 E035 R
1935 SO 26 0017 R FO
IS3A 80 26 0018 R OF
I03F 80 26 0088 R IF
1844 58
1845 E9 164A R
1848 F6 06 0018 R 04
1840 74 DB
184F 53
1850 BS 0001
1853 89 00 10
1856 E8 E035 R
1859 58
185A 89 04
185e B9 IE ODIC R
1860 E9 164A R
1863
1863 2C 38
1865
1865 2E: 07
1867 SA EO
1869 32 CO
18GB E9 17EC R
18SE
lOGE
IBGE 51
186F AO 0096 R
1072 24 FO
1874 81 04
1876 02 F8
1878 59
1879 C3
187A
187A
187A 51
187B Bl 04
1870 02 EO
187F BA OE
1883 80 E1
1886 OA C1
0086 R
OF
1888 A2 0086 R
1888
5'
188C C3
1880
1880
1880 50
188E 2B CO
1890 E6 13
1892 E4 61
1894 BA EO
1896 BO E4 .0
1899 F6 DO
189B 24 02
1890 OA C4
189F DC 10
18A1 E6 61
18A3 BO 20
18A5 E6 20
19A7 5B
18A8 CF
18A9
K61: NOT-CAPS-STATE
MOV
MOV
CALL
BX,BUFFER_TAIL
51, BX
GET THE END POI NTER TO THE BUFFER
eMP
K4
BX, BUFFER_HEAD
KSl_1
BX
SAVE THE VALUE
ADVANCE THE TAl L
HAS THE BUFFER WRAPPED AROUND?
BUFFER_FULL_BEEP
SAVE BUFFER_TAIL
DURATI ON OF ERROR BEEP
JNE
PUSH
MOV
MOV
CALL
ANO
BX, 080H
CX,48H
K8_NOISE
FREQUENCV OF ERROR BEEP HALF TONE
OUTPUT NOI SE
CLEAR AL T, CLRL, LEFT AND RIGHT
SHI FTS
AND CLEAR POTENTIAL BREAK OF INS,CAPS
,NUM AND SCROLL SH I FT
AND
POP
JMP
K61_1 TEST
JZ
PUSH
MOV
MOV
CALL
KB_FLAG_2,lFH CLEAR FUNCTION STATES
BX RETRIEVE BUFFER TAil
K26 , RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
KB_FLAG_l, CL I CK_ON IS AUO I 0 FEEDBACK ENABLED?
KSl_2 NO, JUST PUT I N BUFFER
BX SAVE BUFFER_TAIL VALUE
BX,lH DURAll ON OF CLICK
CX, 10H FREQUENCV OF CLl CK
KB_NOISE OUTPUT AUDIO FEEDBACK OF KEV
STROKE
POP BX RETRIEVE BUFFER_TAIL VALUE
STORE THE VALUE K61_2 HOV [SIl,AX
MOV BUFFER_TAIL, BX
; ------ FOR PSEUDO
KS3:
MOvE THE PO I NTER UP
I NTERRUPT RETURN
SCAN CODES
TRANSLATE-SCAN
SUB AL,59
K64:
CONVERT ORI GI N TO FUNCTI ON KEVS
TRANSLATE-SCAN-ORGD
XLAT
MOV
XOR
JMP
KB_I NT ENDP
j GET_POS
CS: K9
AH,AL
AL, AL
K57
CTL TABLE SCAN
PUT VALUE INTO AH
ZERO ASC I I CODE
PUT I T I NTO THE BUFFER
THIS ROUTINE WILL SHIFT THE VALUE STORED IN THE HIGH NIBBLE
: INPUT OF THE VARIABLE VAR_DELAV TO THE LOW NIBBLE.
NONE IT IS ASSUMED THAT DS POINTS AT THE BIOS DATA AREA
j OUTPUT
AL CONTAINS THE SHIFTED VALUE.

PUSH
MOV
AND
HOV
SAR
POP
RET
CX
AL, BVTE PTR
AL, aFOH
Cl,4
AL, CL
CX
SAVE SHIFT REGISTER
VAR DELAV GET STORAGE LOCATI ON
- MASK OFF LOW NIBBLE
SHIFT OF FOUR 81T POSITIONS
SHI FT THE VALUE 51 GN EXTENDED
RESTORE THE VALUE

THIS ROUTINE WILL TAKE THE VALUE IN LOW ORDER NIBBLE IN
; INPUT Al AND STORE IT IN THE HIGH ORDER OF VAR_DELAV
; OUTPUT AL CONTAINS THE VALUE FOR STORAGE
NONE.
PUT _POS PRoe
PUSH
MOV
SHL
MOV
AND
O.
MOV
POP
RET
PUT _POS ENDP
NEAR
CX
CL,4
AL, CL
CL, BVTE
CL,OFH
AL, CL
BVTE PTR
CX
SAVE REGISTER
SHI FT COUNT
; PUT IN HIGH ORDER NIBBLE
PTR VAR_DELAV j GET DATA BVTE
j CLEAR OLD VALUE I N HI GH Nl BBLE
; COMBINE HIGH AND LOW NIBBLES
VAR_OELAV, AL j PUT IN POSITION
; RESTORE REGISTER

; TICK ROUTINE DURING MANUFACTRUING ACTIVITIES (ACCESSED THROUGH
j INT lCH)
MFG_TI CK PROC FAR
PUSH AX
SUB AX, AX SEND A 00 TO PORT 13 AS A
ACTIVITV SIGNAL
OUT 13H, AL
IN AL, PORT_B FLIP SPEAKER DATA TO OPPOSITE
SENSE
MOV AH, Al SAvE ORI G SETll NG
AND AH,10011101B MAKE SURE MUX IS -) RIGHT AND
I SOL ATE SPEAKER BI T
NOT AL FLIP ALL BITS
AND AL, 000000 lOB ISOLATE SPEAKER DATA BIT (NOW IN
OPPOSI TE SENSE)
OR AL,AH COMBINE WITH ORIG DATA FROM
PORT B
OR AL, 000 10000B AND 01 SABLE INTERNAL SPEAKER
OUT PORT_B, AL
MOV AL,20H EOI TO INTR. CHIP
OUT 20H, AL
POP AX
IRET
MFG_TICK ENDP
ROM BIOS A-49
18A9
18A9 50
IBAA 81 04
18AC 02 E8
18AE E8 1884 R
1881 58
IB82 24 OF
1884
1884 04 90
1886 27
18B7 14 40
19B9 27
18BA
ISBA 53
18S8 B4 DE
18BD B7 00
18BF CD 10
18Cl 58
IBC2 C3
18e3
18C3
18C3
18e3
18e3 28 02
18CS F6 C5 o.
18C9 74 01
18CA 42
18C8 OA E4
18CD 74 41
IBCF FE CC
1801 74 10
1803 FE CC
1805 75 16
1807 50
1808 84 03
180A CD I.
IBDe E8 1925 R
18DF 59
IBEO OA F6
IBE2 74 07
18E4 8A E6
18E6 80 E4 FE
18E9 EB 02
18E8 B4 90
18ED E9 FOOD R
18FO 88 F2
18F2 AD 0078 R
IBF5 04 OA
18F7 88 84 007C R
18FB 50
19FC BO 97
IBFE 2A E4
1900 CD 14
1902 8 1925 R
1905 58
1906 SA E6
1908 OA E4
190A 74 El
190e B4 A8
190E EB DO
A-50 ROM BIOS
CONVERT AND PRI NT ASCII CODE
AL MUST CONTAIN NUMBER TO BE CONVERTED.
AX AND ax DESTROYED.

PUSH AX SAVE FOR LOW NIBBLE DISPLAY
MOV CL,4 SHI FT COUNT
SHR Al, CL NIBBLE SWAP
CALL XLAT PR DO THE HIGH NIBBLE DISPLAY
POP AX - RECOVER THE NIBBLE
AND AL,OFH ISOLATE TO LOW NIBBLE
XlAT_PR PROC
ADD
DAA
ADC
DAA
PRT HEX PRoe
- PUSH
MOY
MOY
INT
POP
RET
PRT _HEX ENDP
XLAT_PR EMDP
NEAR
Al,090H
AL,040H
NEAR
BX
AH,14
BH,O
10H
BX
XPC BYTE ENDP
FALL INTO LOW NIBBLE CONVERSION
CONVERT DO-OF TO ASCII CHARACTER
ADD FIRST CONVERSION FACTOR
ADJUST FOR NUMERIC AND ALPHA
RANGE
ADD CONVERSION AND ADJUST LOW
NIBBLE
ADJUST HIGH NIBBLE TO ASCI I RANGE
DISPLAY CHARACTER IN AL.
i CONTROL IS PASSED HERE WHEN THERE ARE NO PARALLEL PRINTERS
; ATTACHED. CX HAS EQUIPMENT FlAG,DS POINTS AT DATA (40H'
i DETERMINE WHICH RS232 CARD (0,1) TO USE
REPRI NT PRoe NEAR
B1_A: SUB DX, DX
TEST CH, 00000100B
JE BI0_1
INC DX
i ASSUME TO USE CARD 0
i UNLESS THERE ARE TWO CARD S
; IN WHI CH CASE,
iUSE CARD 1
i DETERMINE WHICH FUNCTION I S BE I NG CALLED
B 10_1: OR AH, AH
JZ B12
DEC AH
JZ 811
DEC AH
JNZ SHORT B 10_3
i GET STATUS FROM RS232 PORT
PUSH AX
MOY AH.03H
INT 014H
CALL FAKE
POP
OR
J2
HOY
AND
JMP
BI0_2: MOY
AX
DH,DH
BID 2
AH,DH
AH,OFEH
SHORT BI0_3
AH,090H
BI0_3: JMP Bl
; TEST FOR AH = 0
i GO PRINT CHAR
i TEST FOR AH = 1
; GO DO INIT
i TEST FOR AH = 2
.IF NOT YALID, RETURN
i ElSE.
i SAVE AL
i USE THE GET COMMO PORT
iSTATUS FUNCTION OF JNT14
; FAKE WILL MAP ERROR BITS FROM
i RS232 TO CORRESPOND I NG ONES
i FOR THE PRI NTER
i RESTORE AL
; CHECK I F ANY FLAGS WERE SET
;HOYE FAKED ERROR CONDITION TO AH
; THEN RETURN
;MOVE IN STATUS FOR 'CORRECT'
i RETURN
i INIT COMMO PORT DX HAS WHICH CARD TO INIT.
; MOVE TI ME OUT VALUE FROM PR I NTER TO RS232 T I ME OUT VALUE
Bll: MOY SI,DX ;51 GETS OFFSET INTO THE TABLE
MOV Al,PRINT_TIM_OUT
ADD AL,OAH ; INCREASE DELAY
MOY RS232_TIM_OUTCSI 1, Al
PUSH AX i SAVE Al
MOY AL.OB7H ;SET INJT FOR: 1200 BAUD
SUB AH,AH
INT 014H
CALL FAKE
POP AX
MOY AH,DH
OR AH,AH
JE 810 3
MOY AH.OABH
JMP SHORT BI0_3
8 BIT WRD lNG
NO PARI TV
AH=O IS COMMO
iDa INIT
i FAKE WILL MAP ERROR BITS FROM
; RS232 TO CORRESPOND I NG ONES
; FOR THE PR INTER
i RESTORE AL
; IF DH IS RETURNED ZERO, MEANING
; NO ERRORS RETURN I T FOR THAT'S THE
; 'CORRECT' RETURN FROM AN ERROR
i FREE INIT
; THEN RETURN
1910 50
1911 B4 01
1913 CD 14
1915 EB 1925 R
191B 58
1919 OA F6
191B 74 04
1910 SA E6
191F EB CC
1921 84 10
1923 EB ca
1925
1925
1925 32 F6
1927 F6 C4
192A 74 03
192C B6 OB
192 C3
192F F6 C4
1932 74 02
1934 86 09
1936 C3
1937
1937
1937 3C 01
1939 74 10
1938 3C 10
1E
90
1930 74 06
193F EB EOIB R
1942 CO 09
1944 CF
1945
1945 80 OE 0017 R 04
194A CF
1948
1948 F6 06 0017 R 04
1950 74 29
1952 C6 06 0017 R 00
1957 IE
19!58 07
1959 IE
195A OE
1ge8 1F
195C 9E 1983 R
195F 9F 00 lE R
1962 B9 OOOF 90
1966 AC
1967 AS
1968 E2 FC
196A IF
1968 C7 06 001A R 001E R
1971 C7 06 001C R 003C R
1977 EB E01B R
197A CF
197B
197B EB E01B R
197E B9 2000
19B1 FF 1
1983
1983 4C 4F 41 44 20 22
43 41 53 31 3A 22
2C 52
1991 00
= OOOF
1992
; PRINT CHAR TO SERIAL PORT
; OX = RS232 CARD TO 8E USED:
812: PUSH AX
MOY AH,Ol
INT 014H
CALL FAKE
POP
OR
JZ
MOV
JMP
AX
DH,DH
B12_1
AH,DH
SHORT 810_3
AL HAS CHAR TO BE PRINTED
; SAVE AL
; 1 IS SEND A CHAR DOWN COMMO LI NE
; SEND THE CHAR
; FAKE WILL MAP ERROR BITS FROM
; RS232 TO CORRESPOND I NG ONES
; FOR THE PR INTER
; RESTORE AL
; SEE I F NO ERRORS WERE RETURNED
i IF THERE WERE ERRORS, RETURN THEM
i AND RETURN
812_1: MOV AH,OI0H
SHORT 810_3
i PUT 'CORRECT' RETURN STATUS IN AH
AND RETURN JMP
REPRINT ENDP
; THIS PROC MAPS THE ERRORS RETURNED FROM A BIOS INT14 CALL
;TO THOSE 'LIKE THAT' OF AN INT17 CALL
; BREAK, FRAMING, PAR lTV OVERRUN ERRORS ARE LOGGED AS I/O
;ERRORS AND A TIME OUT IS MOYED TO THE APPROPIATE BIT
FAKE PROC NEAR
XOR DH.DH
TEST AH,0l11108
JZ 913 1
-
MOV DH,01000B
RET
B13_ L TEST AH,oaOH
JZ 913 2
MOV DH,09H
813_2: RET
FAKE ENDP
; CLEAR F AKED STATUS FLAGS
; CHECK FOR BREAK, FRAMING, PARITV
; OVERRUN
; ERRORS. IF NOT THEN CHECK FOR
TJJ1E OUT.
;ST BIT 3 TO INDICATE 'I/O ERROR'
; AND RETURN
; TEST FOR T I ME OUT ERROR RETURNED
i IF NOT TIME OUT, RETURN
; IF TIME OUT
; ~ ~ = ~
THI S ROUTINE IS THE INTERRUPT 9 HANDLER WHEN THE MACHI NE IS
FIRST POWERED ON AND CASSETTE BASIC IS GIVEN CONTROl. IT
HANDLES THE F J RST KEYSTROKES ENTERED FROM THE KEYBOARD AND
PERFORMS "SPECIAL" ACTIONS AS FOLLOWS:
IF ESC 15 THE FIRST KEV ENETERED MINI-WELCOME IS
EXECUTED
IF CTRL-ESC IS THE FIRST SEQUENCE "LOAD CASl; ,R" IS
EXECUTED GIVING THE USER THE ABILITV TO BOOT
FROM CASSETTE
AFTER THESE KEVSTROKES OR AFTER ANV OTHER KEVSTROKES THE
INTERRUPT 9 VECTOR IS CHANGED TO POINT AT THE REAL
INTERRUPT 9. ROUT I NE.
~ ~ = ~ = ~ ~ ~
CMP AL, 1 IS THI S AN ESCAPE KEV?
.JE ESC_KEY .JUMP IF AL=ESCAPE KEV
CMP AL,29 ELSE, IS THIS A CONTROL KEV?
..IE CTRL_KEV ; .JUMP 1 F AL=CONTROL KEY
CALL REAL_VECTOR_SETUP i OTHERWISE, INITIALIZE REAL
INT
IRET
CTRL_KEV:
9H
INT 9 VECTOR
PASS THE SCAN CODE 1 N AL
RETURN TO INTERRUPT 4BH
OR
IRET
TURN" ON CTRL SHIFT IN KB FLAG
RETURN TO INTERRUPT -
ESC_KEY:
TEST KB_FLAG,04H HAS CONTROL SHIFT OCCURED?
JE ESC_ONL V ; NO. ESCAPE ONLY
; CONTROL ESCAPE HAS OCCURED, PUT MESSAGE I N BUFFER FOR CASSETTE
; LOAD
MOV
PUSH
POP
PUSH
PUSH
POP
MaY
MOV
MaY
T _LOOP: LODSB
STOSW
KB_FLAG,O
OS
ES
os
CS
os
ZERO OUT CONTROL STATE
INITIALIZE ES FOR 8105 DATA
SAVE OLD OS
POI NT OS AT CODE SEGMENT
S I, OFFSET CAS_LOAD ; GET MESSAGE
01, OFFSET KB_BUFFER POINT AT KEVBOARD BUFFER
Cle, CAS_LENGTH LENGTH OF CASSETTE MESSAGE
; GET ASC I I CHARACTER FROM MESSAGE
; PUT IN kEYBOARD BUFFER
LOOP T_LOOP
POP OS ; RETRIEVE BIOS DATA SEGMENT
; ------ INITIALIZE QUEUE SO MESSAGE WILL BE REMOVED FROM BUFFER
MOV BUFFER_HEAD. OFFSET KB_BUFFER
MOV BUFFER_ TAIL, OFFSET KB_BUFFER+ (CAS_LENGTH* 2 )
i ------------------------------------------------------------------
***NOTE***
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE LENGTH OF THE CASSETTE MESSAGE IS
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO THE LENGTH OF THE BUFFER. IF THIS IS
NOT THE CASE THE BUFFER WILL EVENTUALLY CONSUME MEMORY.
CALL REAL_VECTOR_SETUP
IRET
ESC ONLY:
- CALL REAL_VECTOR_SETUP
MOV C>C, MINI
JMP CX ; ENTER THE WORLD OF KEYBOARD CAPER
; ------ MESSAGE FOR OUTPUT IoIHEN CONTROL-ESCAPE IS ENTERED AS FIRST
; KEV SEQUENCE
CAS_LOAD LABEL BVTE
DB 'LOAD "CAS1:",R'
DB 13
CAS LENGTH EGU S - CAS LOAD
NEW:. NT _9 ENDP -
ROM BIOS A-51
1992
1992 50
1993 50
1994 8A 3E 0062 R
1998 53
1999 8A OF
199B 32 FF
199D 01 E3
199F 8B .7 0050 R
19A3 5B
19A4 58
19A5 3C 08
19A7 7. 50
19A9 3C 00
19AB 7.
5'
19AD 3C OA
19AF 7. 15
19B1 3C 07
1983 7. 50
1985
B'
OA
1987 B. 0001
19BA CD 10
198e FE C2
19BE 3A 16 004A R
1ge2 75 31
19C4 32 02
1ge6
1ge6 so FE 18
1ge9 75 28
19C8 B4 02
19CO CO 10
19CF AO 0049 R
1902 3C 04
1904 72 O.
1906 32 FF
1905 E8,06
19DA 84 08
19De CD 10
19DE 8A Fe
19EO B8 0601
19[3 2B C9
19E5 B. lB
19E7 8A
"
004A R
19E8 FE CA
19ED CD 10
lSEF 5.
19FO E. OF70 R
19F3 FE C.
19F5 B4 02
19F7 E8 F.
19F9 OA 02
19F5 7. FB
t9FD FE CA
t9FF EB F.
lAOl 32 02
lA03 EB FO
lAOS B3 02
lA07 EB FF3l K:
lAOA EB E3
lAOC
WRI TE TTY
THIS INTERFACE PROVIDES A TELETYPE LIKE INTERFACE TO THE
VIDEO CARD. THE INPUT CHARACTER IS WRITTEN TO THE CURRENT
CURSOR POSITION, AND THE CURSOR IS MOVED TO THE NEXT POSITION.
I F THE CURSOR lEAVES THE LAST COLUMN OF THE FIELD, THE COLUMN
IS SET TO ZERO, AND THE ROW VALUE IS INCREMENTED. IF THE ROW
ROW VALUE LEAVES THE F I ELO, THE CURSOR IS PLACED ON THE lAST
ROW, FIRST COLUMN, AND THE ENTIRE SCREEN IS SCROLLED UP ONE
lINE. WHEN THE SCREEN IS SCROllED UP, THE ATTRIBUTE FOR FILLING
THE NEWLY BLANKED LINE IS READ FROM THE CURSOR POSITION ON THE
PREVIOUS LINE BEFORE THE SCROLL, IN CHARACTER MODE. IN
GRAPHICS MODE, THE a COLOR IS USED
ENTRY --
(AH) :;; CURRENT CRT MODE
(Al) :;; CHARACTER TO BE WR I TTEN
NOTE THAT BACK SPACE, CAR RET, BELL AND LINE FEED ARE
HANDLED AS COMMANDS RATHER THAN AS DISPLAYABLE GRAPHICS
(BLl :;; FOREGROUND COLOR FOR CHAR WRITE IF CURRENTLY IN A
GRAPHICS MODE
EXIT --
All REG I STERS SAVED
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
WRITE TTV PROC NEAR
;
UI0
U2:
U3
U'
US:
U6
U7:
- PUSH
PUSH
MOV
PUSH
MOV
XOR
SAL
MOV
POP
POP
OX NOW
CMP
JE
CMP
JE
CMP
JE
AX
AX
SH, ACTI VE_PAGE
BX
Bl, BH
SH,BH
BX,l
OX, [BX+OFFSET
BX
AX
HAS THE CURRENT
Al,a
UB
AL, 00 ...
U9
Al,OAH
Ul0
CMP AL, 07H
..IE Ull
SAVE REG I STERS
SAVE CHAR TO WRI TE
GET CURRENT PAGE SETTI NG
SAVE IT
IN Bl
i CONVERT TO WORD OFFSET
CURSOR_POSN] ; GET CURSOR POSITION
i RECOVER CURRENT PAGE
; RECOVER CHAR
CURSOR pas I TI ON
I SIT A BACKSPACE?
BACK SPACE
IS IT A CARRIAGE RETURN?
CAR_RET
IS IT A lINE FEED
LINE_FEED
IS IT A BELL
; BELL
WRITE THE CHAR TO THE SCREEN
MOY AH, 10
MOV CX, 1
lNT lOH
POSI TI ON THE CURSOR
INC DL
CMP Dl, BYTE PTR
..INZ U7
XOR Dl, Dl
LINE FEED
CMP DH,24
JNZ U6
SCROll REQU I RED
MOY AH,2
; WRf TE CHAR ONL V
i ONl V ONE CHAR
; WRITE THE CHAR
FOR NEXT CHAR
CRT_COlS i TEST FOR COLUMN OVERFLOW
; SET_CURSOR
; COLUMN FOR CURSOR
I NT 10H ; SET THE CURSOR
DETERMINE VALUE TO FilL WITH DURING SCROLL
MOV Al, CRT_MODE GET THE CURRENT MODE
CMP Al,4
JC U2 READ-CURSOR
XOR SH, BH
JMP SHORT U3
MOV AH,8
INT 10H
MOV BH,AH
MOV AX,601H
SUB CX,CX
MOV OH,24
MOV Dl, BYTE PTR
DEC DL
INT 10H
POP AX
JMP VIDEO_RETURN
INC DH
MOV AH,2
..IMP U4
Fl lL WITH BACKGROUND
SCROll-UP
READ CHAR/ATTR AT CURRENT CURSOR
STORE IN BH
SCROLL ONE liNE
UPPER LEFT CORNER
LOWER RIGHT ROW
CRT _COlS ; lOWER RIGHT COLUMN
SCROll UP THE- SCREEN
RESTORE THE CHARACTER
RETURN TO CALLER
NEXT ROW
ESTABLISH THE NEW CURSOR
; -----. BACK SPACE FOUND
UB OR DL,Dl
..IE U7
DEC Dl
..IMP U7
CARR I AGE RETURN
XOR DL,DL
..IMP U7
; ----- BEll FOUND
Ull: MOV BL,2
CALL BEEP
..IMP US
FOUND
ALREADY AT END OF LINE
SET_CURSOR
NO -- JUST MOVE I T BACK
SET_CURSOR
MOVE TO FIRST COLUMN
SET_CURSOR
SET UP COUNT FOR BEEP
SOUND THE POD BELL
TTY_RETURN
A-52 ROM BIOS
IAOC
IAOC 9C
IAOD 53
IAOE FA
IAOF
IAOF .3
IAII Ee
IAi4 E2
IAl6 FE
IAl8 75
IAIA E2
lAIC E2
IAIE OB
IAiF 90
lA20 C3
IA21
EOOO
EOOO 31
37
2E
31
39
EOIB
EOIB 50
EOIC 53
01
FF31 R
FE
CA
F5
FE
FE
35 30 34 30 33
20 43 4F 50 52
20 49 42 4D 20
39 38 31 2C 31
3B 33
EO 10 06
EOIE 33 CO
E020 BE CO
E022 SS 0024
E025 26: C7 07 1561 R
E02A 43
E028 43
E02C OE
E020 58
E02E 26: 89 07
E031 07
[032 58
EOJ3 58
E034 C3
EOJ5
E035
E035 Fe
E036 50
E037 53
EOJ8 51
EO]9 E4 61
E038 50
E03e
E03e 24 Fe
E03E E6 61
E040 51
E041 E2 FE
E043 OC 02
E045 E6 61
E047 59
E048 51
E049 E2 FE
E048 4B
E04C 59
E04D 75 ED
E04F 5B
E050 E6 61
E052 59
E053 58
E054 58
E055 C3
E056
E058
E058 E9 0043 R
THIS PROCEDURE WILL ISSUE SHORT TONES TO INDICATE FAilURES
THAT 1: OCCUR BEFORE THE CRT IS STARTED, 2: TO CALL THE
OPERATORS ATTENTION TO AN ERROR AT THE END OF POST, OR
3: TO SIGNAL THE SUCCESSFUL COMPlET ION OF POST
ENTRY PARAMETERS:
Dl = NUMBER OF APPROX. 112 SEC TONES TO SOUND

G3
G4
G5:
G6
ERR BEEP
LIST
PUSHF
PUSH
CLI
MOV
CALL
LOOP
DEC
"NZ
lOOP
lOOP
POP
POPF
RET
ASSUME
ORG
DB
BX
BL,l
BEEP
G4
Dl
G3
G5
G6
BX
ENDP
CS: CODE, os: DATA
OEaoaH
SAVE FLAGS
o I SABLE SYSTEM 1 NTERRUPTS
SHORT_BEEP:
COUNTER FOR A SHORT BEEP
DO THE SOuND
DELAY BETWEEN BEEPS
o ONE WITH SHORTS
DO SOME MORE
LONG DELAY BEFORE RETURN
RESTORE OR I G CONTENTS OF BX
RESTORE FLAGS TO OR I G SETTI NGS
RETURN TO CALLER
, 1504037 caPR. IBM 1981,1983' ; COPYR I GHT NOT I CE
; REAL_VECTOR_SETUP
THIS ROUTINE WILL INITIALIZE THE INTERRUPT 9 VECTOR TO
PO 1 NT AT THE REAL INTERRUPT ROUTI NE
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
REAL VECTOR SETUP PROC NEAR
- PUSH AX SAVE THE SCAN CODE
PUSH BX
PUSH ES
XOR AX,AX INITIALIZE TO POINT AT VECTOR
SECTOR( 0)
ES, AX MOV
MOV
MDV ES: [ex]:
9
IN OFFSET OF
INC
INC
PUSH
BX
BX
CS
AX
ROUTINE
ADD 2 TO BX
GET CODE SEGMENT OF BIOS (SEGMENT
RELOCATEA8LE I
POP
MOV
POP
WORD PTR ES: [BXl, A)( ; MOVE IN -SEGMENT OF ROUTINE
ES
POP BX
POP AX
RET
REAL_VECTOR_SETUP ENDP

THIS ROUTINE IS CALL EO WHEN GENERAL BEEPS ARE REQUIRED FROM
I NPlJT THE SYSTEM.
;
; OUTPUT
: HINTS
KB_NOISE
LOOPO 1:
LOOP02:
LOOP03:
KB _NOISE
BX=LENGH OF THE TONE
CX=CONTAINS THE FREQUENCY
ALL REGISTERS ARE MAINTAINED.
AS CX GETS LARGER THE TONE PRODUCED GETS LOWER I N PITCH
PROC NEAR
STI
PUSH AX
PUSH ex
PUSH CX
IN AL,061H GET CONTROL 1 NFO
PUSH AX SAVE
AND AL, aFCH TURN OFF TIMER GATE AND SPEAKER
DATA
OUT 061H, AL OUTPUT TO CONTROL
PUSH CX HALF CYCLE T I HE FOR TONE
LOOP LOOP02 SPEAKER OFF
OR AL,2 TURN ON SPEAKER SI T
OUT 061H, AL OUTPUT TO CONTROL
POP CX
PUSH CX RETR I EVE FREQUENCY
LOOP LOOP03 ANOTHER HALF CYCLE
DEC BX TOTAL TIME COUNT
POP CX RETRIEVE FREQ.
"NZ LOOPOI DO ANOTHER CYCLE
POP AX RECOVER CONTROL
OUT 061H, AL OUTPUT THE CONTROL
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
ENDP
ORG OE05BH
"MP
NEAR PTR RESET
ROM BIOS A-53
E05E
E05E 78 CC CO CC 78 18
ac 78
E066 00 CC 00 CC CC CC
7E 00
E06E Ie 00 78 CC Fe co
78 00
E076 7E C3 3C as 3E 66
3F 00
E07E CC 00 78 OC 7e ee
7E 00
E086 EO 00 78 OC 7C CC
7E 00
E08E 30 30 78 OC 7e CC
7E 00
E096 00 00 78 CO CO 78
DC 38
E09E 7E C3 3e 66 7E 60
3C 00
EOA6 CC 00 78 CC FC CO
78 00
EOAE EO 00 78 ce FC co
78 00
EOB6 CC 00 70 30 30 30
78 00
EOBE 7C C6 38 18 18 18
3C 00
Eoe6 EO 00 70 30 30 30
78 00
EOCE C6 38 6C C6 FE C6
e6 00
EODS 30 30 00 78 ec Fe
CC 00
EODE 1e 00 Fe 60 7a 60
Fe 00
EOE6 00 00 7F oe 7F cc
7F 00
EOEE 3E 6e ec FE ce ec
CE 00
EOF6 78 CC 00 78 ce ec
78 00
EorE 00 ec 00 78 CC ec
78 00
E106 00 EO 00 78 CC CC
78 00
E10E 78 ec 00 cc CC CC
7E 00
E116 00 EO 00 ee ce cc
7E 00
EliE 00 ce 00 ec ee 7e
oc FB
E126 e3 18 3e 66 66 3C
18 00
E12E ec 00 cc ec ce cc
78 00
E136 18 18 7E CO CO 7E
18 18
E13E 38 Be 64 FO 60 6
Fe 00
E146 ec CC 78 Fe 30 FC
30 30
E14E F8 CC ec FA e6 CF
C6 C7
E156 OE 18 18 3e 18 18
D8 70
E15E lC 00 78 DC 7C CC
7E 00
E16S 38 00 70 30 30 30
78 00
E16E 00 Ie 00 78 ee ee
78 00
E176 00 Ie 00 ce CC ec
7E 00
El7E 00 Fa 00 Fe cc CC
CC 00
E186 FC 00 CC EC FC DC
CC 00
E18E 3C SC 6e 3E 00 7E
00 00
196 38 SC se 3S 00 7C
00 00
E19E 30 00 30 60 CO CC
78 00
EIA6 00 00 00 Fe co co
00 00
ElAE 00 00 00 Fe DC OC
00 00
E186 e3 C6 ec DE 33 66
ec OF
EIBE C3 C6 ce DB 37 6F
eF 03
EIC6 18 1S 00 18 18 18
18 00
EICE 00 33 66 ce S6 33
00 00
E106 00 CC 66 33 S6 ec
00 00
A-54 ROM BIOS
CHARACTER GENERATOR GRAPHICS FOR 320X200 AND 640X200
GRAPH I CS FOR CHARACTERS 80H THROUGH FFH
CRT_CHARH
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
OB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
OB
LA8EL BYTE
078H, oeeH, oeOH, oeeH, 078H, 0 18H, OOCH, 078H
OOOH, oeCH, OOOH, oeCH, DeCH, DceH, 07EH, OOOH
01CH, OOOH, 078H, oeCH, orCH, DCOH, 07BH, OOOH
07EH, oe3H, 03CH, 006H, 03EH, OSSH, 03FH, OOOH
OCCH, OOOH, 07BH, OOCH, 07eH, OCCH, 07EH, OOOH
OEOH, OOOH, a78H, OOCH, 07eH, OCCH, 07EH, OOOH
030H, 030H, 078H, ooeH, 07CH, OCCH, 07EH, aOOH
OOCH, DODH, 07BH, aCOH, OCOH, 07aH, OOCH, 03BH
07EH, OC3H, 03CH, 066H, 07EH, 060H, 03CH, OOOH
OCCH, DOOH, 07eH, oceH, OFCH, OCOH, 07SH, OOOH
OEOH, OOOH, 07SH, oceH, OFCH, DeOH, 07SH, OOCH
oeCH, OOOH, 070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH
07eH, OC6H, 03SH, DISH, 018H, DISH, 03CH, OOOH
OEOH, OOOH, 070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH
OC6H, 03SH, OEieH, oe6H, OFEH, OC6H, OC6H, OOOH
030H, 030H, DOOH, 078H, OCCH, OFCH, DeCH, DOOH
OleH, OOOH, OFCH, OSOH, 07SH, 060H, OFCH, OOOH
OOCH, DODH, 07FH, OOCH, 07FH, OCCH, 07FH, OOOH
03EH, 06CH, oeCH, OFEH, OCCH, oeCH, OCEH, aOOH
078H, OCCH, eOOH, 078H, OCCH, oeCH, 07SH, OOOH
OOOH, oeeH, OOOH, 07SH, OCCH, OCCH, 07SH, OOOH
OOOH, OEOH, OOOH, 078H, OCCH, eCCH, 07SH, OOOH
07SH, oeCH, OOOH, oeCH, OCCH, OCCH, 07EH. OOOH
OOOH, OEOH, OOOH, OCCH, oeCH, oeCH, 07EH, OOOH
OOOH, OCCH, OOOH, oeCH, oeeH, 07CH, OOCH, OFSH
oe3H, OlSH, 03eH, OGGH, OG6H, 03eH, 018H, OOOH
OCCH, DOOH, oeeH, oeCH, DeCH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH
01SH, OlSH, 07EH, oeOH, oeOH, 07EH, 018H, OISH
038H, 06CH, OS4H, OFOH, OSOH, OEGH, OFCH, OOOH
OCCH, OCCH, 07BH, OFCH, 030H, OFCH, 030H, 030H
OFSH, oeCH, OCCH, OFAH, OC6H, oeFH, oe6H, De7H
OOEH, 0 IBH, a 18H, 03CH, a ISH, DISH, ODSH, 070H
OlCH, OOOH, 07BH, OOCH, 07CH, oeCH, 07EH, OOOH
038H, OOOH, 070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH
OOOH, 0 leH, OOOH, 07BH, OCCH, oeCH, 078H, OOOH
OOOH, OICH, OOOH, oceH, oeCH, OCCH, 07EH, OOOH
OOOH, OFSH, ooaH, OFBH, OCCH, oeCH, oeeH, aOOH
OFCH, OOOH, OCCH, OEeH, OFCH, ODCH, OCCH, OOOH
03CH, 06eH, 06CH, 03EH, OOOH, 07EH, OOOH, OOOH
038H, 06CH, 06CH, 038H, OOOH, 07CH, OOOH, OOOH
030H, OOOH, 030H, 060H, OCOH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFCH, OCOH, OCOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFeH, OOCH, OOCH, OOOH, OOOH
OC3H, OCSH, OCCH, ODEH, 033H, 06GH, oeCH, OOFH
oe3H, OCSH, oeCH, DDSH, 037H, 06FH, oeFH, 003H
01BH, 01SH, DOOH, OISH, OlSH, OlSH, 018H, OOOH
OOOH, 033H, 06SH, OCCH, OS6H, 033H, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OCCH, 066H, 033H, 066H, oeeH, OOOH, OOOH
El0E 22 88 22 BB 22 BB
22 88
EIE6 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA
55 AA
EIEE DB 77 DB EE DB 77
DB EE
EIFS 19 19 19 18 18 18
18 18
EIFE 18 18 IB 18 F8 18
18 18
E206 18 18 FB 18 F8 18
18 18
E20E 36 36 36 36 F6 36
36 36
E216 00 00 00 00 FE 36
36 36
E21E 00 00 Fe 18 F8 18
IS IS
E226 36 36 F6 06 F6 36
36 36
E22 36 36 36 36 36 36
36 36
E236 00 00 FE 06 F6 36
36 36
E23E 36 36 F6 06 FE 00
00 00
E246 36 36 36 36 FE 00
00 00
E24E 18 18 Fa 18 FS 00
00 00
E256 00 00 00 00 Fa 18
18 IS
E25E 18 IS 18 18 IF 00
00 00
E266 18 18 18 18 FF 00
00 00
E26E 00 00 00 00 FF IB
18 18
E276 18 19 18 18 IF 18
18 18
E27E 00 00 00 00 FF 00
00 00
E286 18 18 18 18 FF 18
19 19
E28E 18 18 IF 18 IF IS
IS IS
E296 36 36 36 36 37 3S
36 36
E29E 36 36 37 30 3F 00
00 00
E2A6 00 00 3F 30 37 36
36 36
E2AE 36 38 F7 00 FF 00
00 00
E286 00 00 FF 00 F7 36
36 36
E28E 36 36 37 30 37 36
36 36
E2C6 00 00 FF 00 FF 00
00 DO
E2CE 36 36 F7 00 F7 36
3S 3S
E206 18 18 FF 00 FF 00
00 00
E20E 36 3S 36 36 Ff 00
00 00
E2E6 00 00 FF 00 FF 18
IS 18
E2EE 00 00 00 00 fF 3S
36 36
E2f6 36 36 36 36 3F 00
00 00
E2FE 18 19 IF 18 IF 00
00 00
E306 00 00 IF IS IF 18
18 18
E30E 00 00 00 00 3F 36
36 36
E316 36 36 36 3S FF 36
36 36
E3IE 18 18 FF 18 FF IS
18 IS
E326 18 18 IS 18 FB 00
00 00
E32E 00 00 00 00 IF IS
IS IS
E33S FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF
E33E 00 00 00 00 FF FF
FF FF
E346 FO FO FO FO FO FO
Fa FO
E34E OF OF OF OF OF OF
OF OF
E356 FF FF FF FF 00 00
00 00
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
022H, OSSH, 022H, oaSH, 022H, D8SH, 022H, OBSH
055H, OAAH, 055H, OAAH, 055H, OAAH, 055H, OAAH
ODSH, 077H, OD8H, OEEH, OOSH, 077H, OOSH, OEEH
o lSH, DISH, DISH, a ISH, 0 iSH, OlSH, OlSH, DISH
o ISH, DISH, OlSH, OISH, OFSH, 01SH, Ol8H, 01SH
OISH, 0 lSH, OFSH, 0 ISH, OFSH, 018H, OI8H, OISH
036H, 03SH, 036H, 036H, OF6H, 036H, 036H, 036H
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFEH, 036H, 036H, 03SH
OOOH, OOOH, OFBH, 0ISH, OFSH, OISH, OISH, 01SH
036H, 03SH, OF6H, OOSH, OF6H, 036H, 036H, C36H
036H, 03SH, 036H, 036H, 036H, 036H, 03SH, 03SH
OOOH, OOOH, OFEH, OOSH, OF6H, 03SH, 03SH, 036H
036H, 03SH, OFSH, 006H, OFEH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
D3SH, 036H, 036H, 036H, OFEH, OOOH, OOCH, OOOH
DISH, OISH, OFaH, 0ISH, OFSH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, ooaH, OF8H, 0ISH, a 18H, 0 ISH
OISH, 0ISH, 0ISH, OISH, OIFH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
a ISH, 0 ISH, 0 ISH, OISH, OFFH, ooaH, oaOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFFH, DISH, DISH, OlSH
0ISH, 0ISH, 0ISH, 0ISH, OlFH, OISH, DISH, OISH
OOCH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OF'FH, ooaH, OOOH, OOOH
DISH, OISH, 01SH, OISH, OFFH, DISH, OIBH, 01SH
a ISH, 0 ISH, 0IFH, 018H, OlFH, OISH, 0 ISH, 0 ISH
03SH, 03SH, C3SH, 036H, 037H, 03SH, 036H, 036H
036H, 036H, 037H, 030H, 03FH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, 03FH, 030H, 037H, 03SH, 03SH, 036H
03SH, 036H, OF7H, aoaH, OFFH, oaOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, oaOH, OFFH, OOCH, OF7H, 03SH, 03SH, C3SH
03SH, 036H, 037H, 030H, 037H, 03SH, 036H, 03SH
OOCH, OOOH, OFFH, OOOH, OFFH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
036H, 036H, OF7H, OOOH, OF7H, 036H, 036H, 036H
o ISH, 0 ISH, OFFH, OOOH, OFFH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
03SH, 03SH, 036H, 03SH, OFFH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
~ O ~ H OOOH, OFFH, OOOH, OFFH, 01SH, OI8H, 01SH
OOOH, OOCH, OOOH, OOOH, OFFH, C36H, 036H, 03SH
036H, 03SH, 036H, 036H, 03FH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
DISH, OISH, OIFH, OISH, 0IFH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, 0 IFH, OISH, 01FH, OISH, 0 ISH, 0 ISH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 03FH, 036H, 03SH, 036H
036H, 03SH, 03SH, C36H, OFFH, 03SH, 036H, 036H
01SH, DISH, OFFH, OISH, OFFH, OlSH, OISH, 01SH
o ISH, 0 ISH, OISH, 0ISH, OFaH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 0IFH, 0 ISH, 0 ISH, 0 lSH
OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH
OFOH, OFOH, OFOH, OFOH, OFOH, OfOH, OFOH, OFOH
OOFH, OOFH, OOFH, OOFH, OOFH, OOFH, OOFH, OOF'H
OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OFFH, OOQl.-', OOOH, OOOH, OOOH
ROM BIOS A-55
E35E 00 00 76 DC C8 DC DB OOOH, OOOH, 076H, ODeH, oeBH, OOCH, 076H, OOOH D_EO
76 00
E366 00 78 CC F8 ce Fa DB OOOH, 078H, OCCH, OF8H, OCCH, OFBH, oeOH, oeOH D_E1
co CO
E36E 00 FC ce co co CO DB OOOH, OFCH, oeCH, OCOH, OCOH, OCOH, OCOH, OOOH D_E2
CO 00
E376 00 FE 6e 6C 6C 6C DB OOOH, OFEH, 06CH, 06eH, 06CH, 06CH, 06CH, OOOH 0_E3
6C 00
E37E Fe cc 60 30 60 CC DB OFCH, OCCH, 060H, 030H, 060H, OCCH, OFCH, OOOH 0_E4
FC 00
E386 00 00 7E DB 08 08 DB OOOH, OOOH, 07EH, 008H, OD8H, OD8H, 070H, OOOH D_E5
70 00
E38E 00 66 66 66 66 7C DB OOOH, 066H, 066H, 066H, 066H, 07CH, 060H, OCOH 0_E6
60 CO
E396 00 76 DC lB 18 18 DB OOOH, 076H, OOCH, 018H, a IBH, 01BH, 018H, OOOH D_E7
18 00
E39E FC 30 78 CC CC 78 DB OFCH, 030H, 078H, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, 030H, OFCH 0_E8
30 FC
E3AS 38 SC CS FE CS Be DB 038H, 06CH, OC6H, OFEH, OC6H, 06CH, 038H, OOOH D_E9
38 00
E3AE 38 6C e6 e6 6e 6e D8 038H, 06CH, OC6H, oe6H, 06eH, 06CH, OEEH, OOOH O_EA
EE 00
E3B6 lC 30 18 7C CC CC DB 01eH, 030H, 018H, 01CH, oeeH, oeCH, 018H, OOOH D_EB
78 00
E3SE 00 00 7E DB DB 7E DB OOOH, OOOH, 07EH, ODBH, ODBH, 07EH. OOOH, OOOH D_EC
00 00
E3C6 06 DC 7E OS DB 7E DB OOSH, ooeH, 07EH, ODBH, ODBH, 07EH, 060H, oeOH D_ED
60 CO
ElCE 38 60 CO FB CO 60 DB 038H, 060H, OCOH, OF8H, OCOH, 060H, 038H, OOOH D_EE
38 00
E3D6 78 ec CC CC CC CC DB 078H, OCCH, oeCH, OCCH, OCCH, oeCH, OCCH, OOOH D_EF
CC 00
EJDE 00 FC 00 FC 00 FC D8 OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OOOH D_FO
00 00
3E6 30 30 Fe 30 30 00 DB 030H, 030H, OFCH, 030H, 030H, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH D_F1
FC 00
E3EE 60 30 18 30 60 00 DB 060H, 030H, 018H, 030H, 060H, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH D_F2
Fe 00
E3F6 IB 30 60 30 18 00 DB 018H, 030H, 060H, 030H, 01BH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH D_F3
Fe 00
E3FE OE lB lS lS 18 18 D8 OOEH, 01BH, 018H, 018H, 018H, 0 18H, 018H, 018H D_F<4
18 18
E406 lS lB lS lS 18 08 DB 018H, 018H, 01BH, 018H, 018H, OD8H, ODBH, 070H O_F5
08 70
E40E 30 30 00 Fe 00 30 DB 030H, 030H, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, 030H, 030H, OOOH D_F6
30 00
E0416 00 76 DC 00 76 DC DB OOOH, 076H, ODCH, OOOH, 076H, ODCH, OOOH, OOOH DJ7
00 00
E41E 38 6e 6C 38 00 00 DB 038H, 06CH, 06CH, 038H, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_F8
00 00
E426 00 00 00 lS 18 00 DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 018H, 018H, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_F9
00 00
E42E 00 00 00 00 18 00 DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 01BH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_FA
00 00
E436 OF De DC DC Ee 6C DB OOFH, OOCH, OOCH, OOCH, OEeH, 06CH, 03CH, 01eH D_FB
3C lC
E43E 78 6C 6C 6C 6C 00 DB 078H, 06CH, 06eH, 06CH, 06CH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_FC
00 00
E446 70 18 30 60 78 00 D8 070H, 018H, 030H, 060H, 078H, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_FD
00 00
E44E 00 00 3C 3C ac 3C D8 OOOH, OOOH, 03CH, 03eH, 03eH, 03CH, OOOH, OOOH D_FE
00 00
E456 00 00 00 00 00 00 D8 OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH D_FF
00 00
ASSUME cs: CODE, 05: DATA
---------------------------------------------------
SET_CTVPE
TH I S ROUT I NE SETS THE CURSOR VALUE
INPUT
(CX. HAS CURSOR VALUE eH-START 1I NE, Cl-STOP LINE
OUTPUT
NONE
----------------------------------------------------
E45E SET_CTYPE PRoe NEAR
E45 80 FC 04 CMP AH,4 IN GRAPHICS HODE?
E461 72 03 JC C23X NO, JUMP
E463 80 CD 20 OR CH,20H YES, a I SABLE CURSOR
466 B4 OA C23X: MOV AH,10 6845 REG I STER FOR CURSOR SET
E468 89 DE 0060 R MOV CURSOR_MODE, ex SAVE IN DATA AREA
E46C E8 E472 R CAll C23 OUTPUT CX REG
E46F E9 OF10 R JHP VIDEO_RETURN
; THIS ROUTINE OUTPUTS THE CX REGISTER TO THE 6845 REGS NAMED IN AH
E472 88 16 0063 R C23: "OV DX, ADDR_6845 ADDRESS REGI STER
E476 8A C4 "OV AL,AH GET VALUE
E478 EE OUT DX,Al REG I STER SET
479 42 INC DX DATA REGISTER
E47A SA C5 .DV AL,CH DATA
E47C EE OUT DX,Al
E47D 4A DEC DX
E47E SA C4 HOV AL,AH
E480 FE CO INC AL POINT TO OTHER DATA REGISTER
E482 EE OUT DX,Al SET FOR SECOND REGI STER
483 42 INC DX
E484 SA Cl MOV AL,CL SECOND DATA VALUE
E486 EE OUT OX,Al
E487 C3 RET ALL DONE
E488 5ET_CTVPE ENDP
A-56 ROM BIOS
E488
E488 8A CF
E48A 32 ED
E48C D1 E1
E48E 88 F1
E490 89 94 0050 R
E494 38 3E 0062 R
E498 75 05
E49A 88 C2
E49C E8 E4A2 R
E49F E9 OF70 R
E4A2
E4A2
E4A2 E9 E5C2 R
E4A5 88 C8
E4A7 03 OE 004E R
E4AB D1 F9
E4AD 94 DE
E4AF ES E472 R
E482 C3
E483
E483
E483 AS 80
E485 75 24
E487 A2 0062 R
E46A 88 OE 004C R
E4BE 98
E48F 50
E4CO F7 E1
E4C2 A3 004E R
E4C5 88 CS
E4C7 D1 F9
E4C9 84 ac
E4C8 E8 E472 R
E4CE 58
E4CF D1 3
4D1 89 87 0050 R
E4D5 EB E4A2 R
E409 9 OF70 R
E4D8
E40B 8A EO
E4DD SA 03DA
E4EO EC
E4E1 24 08
E4E3 74 F8
E4E5 SA 03DF
E4E8 AD OOSA R
E4EB SO FC BO
E4EE 74 27
E4FO 80 FC B.
E4F3 73 22
E4F5 F6 C4 01
E4F8 74 00
E4FA DO E3
E4FC DO E3
E4FE 00 E3
E500 24 C7
502 80 E3 38
ES05 OA C3
SET_CPOS
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE SETS THE CURRENT CURSOR POSITION TO THE
NEW X-Y VALUES PASSED
DX - ROW, COLUMN OF NEW CURSOR
BH - DISPLAY PAGE OF CURSOR
OUTPUT
CURSOR IS SET AT 6845 IF DISPLAY PAGE IS CURRENT DISPLAY
~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ; ; ;
- MOY Cl, BH
XOR CH,CH ; ESTABLISH lOOP COUNT
SAL C)(, 1 ; WORD OFFSET
MOV SI,CX ; USE INDEX REGISTER
MOV [51 +OFFSET CUR50R_POSN1, OX ; SAVE THE POI NTER
CMP ACTI VE_PAGE, BH
JNZ C24
MOV AX, OX
CALL C25
SET CPOS RETURN
GET-ROW/COLUMN TO AX
CURSOR_SET
C24: JMP VIDEO_RETURN
SET _CPOS ENDP
SET CURSOR POSITION, AX HAS ROW/COLUMN FOR CURSOR
C25 PROC NEAR
CALL POSITION
HOV CX, AX
ADD ex, CRT_START
DETERMINE LOCATION IN REGEN
BUFFER
ADD I N THE START ADDRESS FOR
PAGE
THIS
SAR CX,l DIVIDE BY 2 FOR CHAR ONLY COUNT
HOV AH,14 REG I STER NUMBER FOR CURSOR
CALL C23 OUTPUT THE VALUE TO THE 6845
RET
C25 ENDP
ACT 0 I SP PAGE
- THIS ROUTINE SETS THE ACTIVE DISPLAY PAGE, ALLOWING
THE FULL USE OF THE RAM SET ASIDE FOR THE VIDEO ATTACHMENT
INPUT
AL HAS THE NEW ACTIVE DISPLAY PAGE
OUTPUT
THE 6845 I S RESET TO 0 I SPLAY THAT PAGE
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ;
TEST AL / 080H CRT/CPU PAGE REG FUNCTION
.JNZ SET CRTCPU YES, GO HANDLE IT
MOY ACTIVE_PAGE, AL SAVE ACTIVE PAGE VALUE
MOV CX, CRT_LEN GET SAVED LENGTH OF REGEN BUFFER
CBW CONVERT Al TO WORD
PUSH AX SAVE PAGE VALUE
MUL CX DISPLAY PAGE TIMES REGEN lENGTH
MOY CRT_START, AX SAVE START ADDRESS FOR LATER USE
MOV CX, AX START ADDRESS TO ex
SAR CX,l DIVIDE BY 2 FOR 6845 HANDLING
MOV AH,12 6B45 REGISTER FOR START ADDRESS
CALL C23
POP ex RECOVER PAGE VALUE
SAL ex, 1 ; *2 FOR WORD OFFSET
MOV AX, [BX + OFFSET CURSOR_POSNl ; GET CURSOR FOR THIS
; PAGE
CAll C25 ; SET THE CURSOR POS I T I ON
JMP VIDEO_RETURN
-------------------------------------------------------
SET_CRTCPU
INPUT
OUTPUT
THI S ROUTI NE READS OR WRITES THE CRT /CPU PAGE REGI STERS
(AU B3H SET BOTH CRT AND CPU PAGE REGS
(BH) VALUE TO SET I N CRT PAGE REG
I all VALUE TO SET J N CPU PAGE REG
(Al) B2H SET CRT PAGE REG
(BH) VALUE TO SET I N CRT PAGE REG
(AU = 81H SET CPU PAGE REG
(BL> VALUE TO SET I N CPU PAGE REG
(AU ;;; SOH READ CURRENT VALUE OF CRT/CPU PAGE
ALL FUNCT IONS RETURN
(BH) ;;; CURRENT CONTENTS OF CRT PAGE REG
(BU ;;; CURRENT CONTENTS OF CPU PAGE REG
REGS
~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~
- MOV AH, Al SAVE REQUEST IN AH
C26,
MOV OX, YGA_CTl SET ADDRESS OF GATE ARRAY
IN
AND
JZ
HOV
HOV
CHP
JZ
CHP
JNC
TEST
JZ
SHe
SHe
SHe
AND
AND
OR
Al, ox GET STATUS
Al,OSH VERTI CAL RETRACE?
C26 NO, WAI T FOR IT
DX, PAGREG SET 10 ADDRESS OF PAGE REG
Al, PAGDAT GET DATA LAST OUTPUT TO REG
AH, SOH READ FUNCTION REQUESTED?
C29 YES. DON'T SET ANVTHING
AH,84H VAll D REQUEST?
C29 NO, PRETEND I T WAS A READ REQUEST
AH, 1 SET CPU REG?
C27 NO, GO SEE ABOUT CRT REG
Bl,l SHIFT VALUE TO RIGHT BIT POSITION
BL,l
BL,l
AL, NOT CPUREG
Bl, CPUREG
AL, BL
CLEAR OLD CPU VALUE
BE SURE UNRELATED BITS ARE ZERO
OR I N NEW VALUE
ROM BIOS A-57
E507 F6 C4 02
E50A 74 07
E50C 24 F8
E50E 80 7 07
E511 OA C7
E513 EE
E514 A2 008A R
E517 8A 08
E519 80 E3 3B
E51C DO FB
E5IE DO FB
E520 DO FB
E522 aA Fa
E524 80 E7 07
E527 SF
E528 5
E529 58
E52A 9 OF73 R
E520
E520
E520 8A OF
E52F 32 FF
E531 01 E3
E533 8B 97 0050 R
E537 88 DE 0060 R
53B SF
E53C 5E
E530 5B
E53E 58
E53F 58
E540 IF
E541 07
E542 CF
543
E543
543 BA 030A
E546 EC
E547 AS 08
E!549 74 FB
E548 OA FF
E540 75 19
A-58 ROM BIOS
C27: TEST AH,2
C2B
SET CRT REG?
JZ
AND
AND
OR
Al, NOT CRTREG
BH, CRTREG
Al, BH
NO, GO RETURN CURRENT SETT 1 NGS
CLEAR OLD CRT VALUE
BE SURE UNRE:LATED 81 T5 ARE ZERO
OR I N NEW VALUE
C28 OUT OX, Al SET NEW VALUES
MOV PAGDAT, Al SAVE COPY I N RAM
C29 MOV el, Al GET CPU REG VALUE
AND
SAR
SAR
SAR
MOV
AND
POP
POP
POP
JMP
Bl, CPUREG
Bl,1
BL,l
Bl,l
BH, Al
BH, CRTREG
01
51
AX
C22
CLEAR EXTRA 8 ITS
RIGHT JUSTIFY IN Bl
GET CRT REG VALUE
CLEAR EXTRA SI TS
RESTORE SOME REGS
DISCARD SAVED BX
RETURN
ACT _0 I SP _PAGE ENOP
READ CURSOR
- THIS ROUTINE READS THE CURRENT CURSOR VALUE FROM THE
6845, FORMATS IT, AND SENDS IT BACK TO THE CALLER
INPUT
BH - PAGE OF CURSOR
OUTPUT
OX - ROW, COLUMN OF THE CURRENT CURSOR POSITION
CX - CURRENT CURSOR MODE
READ_CURSOR PROC NEAR
MOV
XOR
SAL
MOV
MOV
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
IRET
BL, BH
BH, BH
ex, 1 WORD OFFSET
ox, EBX+OFFSET CURSOR_POSN]
CX, CURSOR_MODE
01
51
BX
AX
AX
OS
ES
DISCARD SAVED ex AND OX
READ_CURSOR ENDP
SET COLOR
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE Will ESTABLISH THE BACKGROUND COLOR, THE
OVERSCAN COLOR, AND THE FOREGROUND COLOR SET FOR GRAPHICS
<BH) HAS COLOR 10
IF BH=O, THE BACKGROUND COLOR VALUE I S SET
FROM THE LOW BITS OF Bl <0-31)
IN GRAPHIC MODES, BOTH THE BACKGROUND AND
BORDER ARE SET IN ALPHA MODES, ONLY THE
BORDER I S SET.
IF BH=I, THE PALETTE SELECTION IS MADE
BASED ON THE LOW BIT OF Bl:
2 COLOR MODE
a :: WHITE FOR COLOR 1
1 :: BLACK FOR COLOR 1
4 COLOR MODES
a = GREEN, RED, YELLOW FOR
COLORS 1,2,3
1 = BLUE, CYAN, MAGENTA FOR
COLORS 1,2,3
16 COLOR MODES:
ALWAYS SETS UP PALETTE AS;
BLUE FOR COLOR 1
GREEN FOR COLOR 2
CYAN FOR COLOR 3
RED FOR COLOR 4
MAGENT A FOR COLOR 5
BROWN FOR COLOR 6
LI GHT GRAY FOR COLOR 7
DARK GRAY FOR COLOR B
liGHT BLUE FOR COLOR 9
lIGHT GREEN FOR COLOR 10
LI GHT CYAN FOR COLOR 11
lIGHT RED FOR COLOR 12
LI GHT MAGENTA FOR COLOR 13
YELLOW FOR COLOR 14
WHI TE FOR COLOR 15
(Sl) HAS THE COLOR VALUE TO BE USED
OUTPUT
THE COLOR SELECTION IS UPDATED
~ = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
MOV OX, YGA_CTL 1/0 PORT FOR PALETTE
C30: IN Al, Ox SYNC UP VGA FOR REG ADDRESS
TEST AL,8 IS VERTI CAL RETRACE ON?
JZ C30 NO, WAIT UNTIL IT IS
OR BH, BH IS THI S COLOR O?
JNZ C31 OUTPUT COLOR 1
E54F 80 3E 0049 R 04
E554 72 06
E556 BO 10
E559 EE
E559 SA C3
E558 EE
E5SC BO 02
E55E EE
E55F BA C3
E561 EE
E562 A2 0066 R
E565 E9 OF70 R
E568 AO 0049 R
E568 B9 0095 R
E56E 3C 06
E570 74 OF
E572 3C 04
E574 74 OB
E576 3C 05
578 74 04
57A 3e OA
E57C 75 20
57 89 0090 R
E581 DO C8
583 73 03
E585 83 Cl 04
E588 88 09
58A 43
E58B B9 0003
E58E 84 11
ES90 8A C4
E592 EE
593 2E: 8A 07
E596 EE
E597 FE e4
ES99 43
ES9A E2 F4
E5ge EB 00
E59E 84 11
E5AO 89 ooor
E5A3 8A C4
E5A5 EE
ESAG EE
E5A7 FE C4
E5A9 2 Fe
E5AB 32 CO
ESAD EE
ESAE E9 OF70 R
E581
E581
E581 SA 2G 004A R
E585 AO 0049 R
E598 BA 3E 0062 R
ESBC SF
ESSD 5E
ESSE 59
E58F E9 OF73 R
E5e2
E5C2
E5C2 53
E5C3 BB 08
E5C5 8A C4
E5C7 F6 26 004A R
E5eB 32 FF
ESCD 03 C3
E5CF 01 EO
ESDI 58
E5D2 C3
E5D3
C305"
;
C31:
HANDLE COLOR 0 BV SETTI NG THE BACKGROUND COLOR
AND BORDER COLOR
CMP CRT_MODE,4
JC C305
MOV AL, 10H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, BL
OUT DX, AL
HOV AL,2
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, BL
OUT OX, AL
MOV CRT_PALLETTE, AL
JMP V IDEO_RETURN
I N ALPHA MODE?
V E S ~ JUST SET BORDER
SET PALETTE REG 0
SELECT VGA REG
GET COLOR
SET 1 T
SET BORDER REG
SELECT VGA BORDER REG
GET COLOR
SET 1 T
SAVE THE COLOR VALUE
HANDLE COLOR 1 BV CHANGING PALETTE REGISTERS
MOV AL, CRT _MODE GET CURRENT MODE
REG
MOV CX, OFFSET M0072 POINT TO 2 COLOR TABLE ENTRY
CMP AL,6 2 COLOR MODE?
JE C33 YES, JUMP
JE C32 YES, JUMP
JE C32 YES. JUMP
CMP AL,OAH 4 COLOR MODE?
JNE C36 NO. GO TO 16 COLOR SET UP
C32,
C33:
MOV CX, OFFSET M0074 POINT TO 4 COLOR TABLE ENTRV
C34:
C35:
C36:
C37:
ROR BL, 1 SELECT AL TERN,HE SET?
JNC C34 NO, ,JUMP
ADD CX, M0072L PO I NT TO NEXT ENTRV
MOV BX, CX TABLE ADDRESS IN BX
t Ne BX SK I P OVER BACKGROUND COLOR
MOV ex, H0072L -1 SET NUMBER OF REGS TO F t II
MOV AH,l1H AH IS REGISTER COUNTER
MOV AL, AH GET REG NUMBER
OUT OX, AL SELECT IT
MOV AL, CS" [BX] GET DATA
OUT OX, AL SET IT
1 NC AH NEXT REG
INC BX NEXT TABLE VALUE
LOOP C35
JMP SHORT C38
MOV AH, UH
MOV CX, 15
MOV AL, AH
OUT OX, Al
OUT OX, AL
INC AH
lOOP C37
AH J 5 REG 1 STER COUNTER
NUMBER OF PALETTES
GET REG NUMBER
SELECT IT
SET PALETTE VALUE
NEXT REG
C38: XOR AL, Al SELECT LOW REG TO ENABLE VIDEO
AGAIN
OUT
JMP
SET_COLOR
VIDEO STATE
OX, AL
VI DEO_RETURN
ENDP
RETURNS THE CURRENT VIDEO STATE IN AX
AH :; NUMBER OF COLUMNS ON THE SCREEN
AL = CURRENT VIDEO MODE
BH = CURRENT ACTIVE PAGE
MOY
MOy
MOY
POP
POP
POP
JMP
POSITION
PROC NEAR
AH, BYTE PTR CRT _COlS ; GET NUMBER OF
AL, CRT_MODE CURRENT MODE
BH,ACTIVE_PAGE GET CURRENT ACTIVE
a I RECOVER REG 1 STERS
51
CX
C22
ENDP
DISCARD SAVED ex
RETURN TO CALLER
COLUMNS
PAGE
THI S SERVI CE ROUTI NE CALCULATES THE REGEN BUFFER ADDRESS
OF A CHARACTER 1 N THE ALPHA MODE
INPUT
AX = ROW, COLUMN pas I TI ON
OUTPUT
AX = OFFSET OF CHAR POSITION IN REGEN BUFFER
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;
PUSH ex SAVE REGISTER
MOV ex, AX
MOV AL, AH ; ROWS TO AL
MUL BYTE PTR CRT _COLS ; DETERMI NE BYTES TO ROW
XOR BH,8H
ADD AX, ex ; ADD I N COLUMN VALUE
SAL AX, 1 ; * 2 FOR ATTRI BUTE BYTES
POP BX
RET
POSITION ENDP
SCROLL UP
THJ S ROUTt NE MOVES A BLOCK OF CHARACTERS UP
ON THE SCREEN
INPUT
(AH)
(AU
(eXl
(DXl
(BH)
(OS)
(ES)
OUTPUT
NONE
CURRENT CRT MODE
NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL
ROW/COLUMN OF UPPER lEFT CORNER
ROW/COLUMN OF L"OWER RIGHT CORNER
ATTRIBUTE TO BE USED ON BLANKED LINE
DATA SEGMENT
REGEN BUFFER SEGMENT
-- THE REGEN BUFFER IS MOD I FI ED
ROM BIOS A-59
E503
E503 SA 08
E5D5 80 FC 04
E508 72 03
E50A E9 F259 R
E500
E500 53
E50E 88 C1
E5EO E8 E609 R
E53 74 20
5E5 03 FO
E5E7 8A E6
E5E9 2A E3
E5Ee 8 E62F R
E5EE 03 F5
E5FO 03 FO
E5F2 FE CC
E5F4 75 F5
E5F6 58
ESF7 BO 20
E5FS E8 EG3B R
ESFC 03 FD
ESFE FE C8
E600 75 F7
E602 E9 OF70 R
E605 SA DE
E607 EB ED
ES09
E609
E609 E8 E5C2 R
ESOC 03 06 004E R
E610 88 F8
E612 88 FO
E614 28 D 1
EG16 FE C6
E61B FE C2
EGIA 32 ED
EG lC 88 2E 004A R
E620 03 ED
ES22 SA C3
E624 F6 2G 00404 R
E628 03 CO
E62A 06
E628 1F
E62C OA DB
E62E C3
E62F
E62F
E62F 8A CA
E631 56
E632 57
E633 F31 A5
E635 SF
ES36 5E
ES37 C3
E638
E63B
E63B BA CA
E63A 57
E63B F31 AB
E630 SF
ES3E C3
E63F
E63F
E63F FD
E640 BA 08
E642 80 FC 04
E645 72 03
E647 E9 F305 R
E64A 53
E64B Be C2
E640 E8 E609 R
E650 74 iF
E652 28 FO
ES54 SA E6
E656 2A E3
A-60 ROM BIOS
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:OATA,ES:DATA
SCROLL_UP PROC NEAR
C39:
C40:
C41:
C42,
C43
C44:
MOV
CMP
JC
JMP
PUSH
MOV
CALL
JZ
ADD
MOV
SUB
CALL
ADD
ADD
OEC
JNZ
POP
MOV
CAll
ADD
DEC
JNZ
JMP
MOV
JMP
Bl, Al
AH,4
C39
GRAPHI CS_UP
BX
AX, CX
SCROll POSI T ION
C44 -
SI, AX
AH,DH
AH,8L
C4'
51, BP
01, BP
AH
C40
AX
Al, '
C4.
OI.8P
BL
C42
VIDEO_RETURN
Bl,DH
C41
SCROLL_UP ENDP
SAVE lINE COUNT IN Bl
TEST FOR GRAPHI CS MODE
HANDLE SEPARATELY
UP CONTI NUE
SAVE FIll ATTRIBUTE IN BH
UPPER lEFT POSITION
DO SETUP FOR SCROLL
8LANK FIELD
FROM ADDRESS
# ROWS I N BLOCK
# ROWS TO BE MOVED
MOVE ONE ROW
POINT TO NEXT LINE IN BLOCK
COUNT OF lINES TO MOVE
ROW lOOP
RECOVER ATTRIBUTE IN AH
Ft II WITH BLANKS
CLEAR THE ROW
PO I NT TO NEXT LJ NE
COUNTER OF LI NE5 TO SCROLL
CLEAR_lOOP
GET ROW COUNT
GO CLEAR THAT AREA
; ----- HANDLE COMMON SCROLL SET UP HERE
SCROLL pas I T ION PRoe NEAR
- CALL POSITION
ADD AX, CRT_START
MOV 0 I, AX
MOY 51. AX
SUB DX,CX
INC DH
INC DL
XOR CH, CH
MOY BP, CRT_COLS
ADD BP, BP
PTR CRT _codi
ADD
PUSH
POP
OR
RET
AX, AX
ES
DS
al, BL
SCROLL POSITION ENOP
i -----= MOVE_ROW
C45 PROC NEAR
C45

C4.
MOV CL,Ol
PUSH 51
PUSH 0 I
REP Mavsw
POP 0 I
POP SI
RET
ENDP
CLEAR_ROW
PROC NEAR
MOV Cl,DL
PUSH 0 I
REP STOSW
POP 0 I
RET
ENoP
SCROLL DOWN
CONVERT TO REGEN POI NTER
OFFSET OF ACT I VE PAGE
TO ADDRESS FOR SCROLL
FROM ADDRESS FOR SCROLL
OX = .ROWS, #COlS IN BLOCK
INCREMENT FOR a ORIGIN
SET HI GH BYTE OF COUNT TO ZERO
GET NUMBER OF COLUMNS IN DISPLAY
Tl MES 2 FOR ATTRI BUTE 8YTE
GET LI NE COUNT
, DETERMINE OFFSET TO FROM
ADDRESS
*2 FOR ATTRIBUTE BYTE
ESTABLISH ADDRESSING TO REGEN
BUFFER
FOR BOTH POI NTERS
o SCROll MEANS BLANK FI ElO
RETURN WI TH FLAGS SET
GET # OF COLS TO MOVE
SAVE START ADDRESS
MOVE THAT LI NE ON SCREEN
RECOVER ADDRESSES
GET # COLUMNS TO CLEAR
STORE THE FIll CHARACTER
THIS ROUTINE MOVES THE CHARACTERS WITHIN A DEFINED
BLOCK DOWN ON THE SCREEN, FILLING THE TOP LINES
WITH A DEFI NED CHARACTER
INPUT
(AH) CURRENT CRT MOCE
(All NUMBER OF LI NES TO SCROll
(CX) UPPER LEFT CORNER OF REG I ON
(DX) lOWER RIGHT CORNER OF REGION
(BH) FIll CHARACTER
(OS) DATA SEGMENT
(ES I REGEN SEGMENT
OUPUT
NONE -- SCREEN I S SCROllED

C47:
STD
MOV
CMP
JC
JMP
PUSH
MOV
CAll
JZ
SUB
MOV
SUB
Bl, AL
AH,4
C47
GRAPHICS DOWN
BX -
AX, OX
SCROll_pas I T I ON
C51
51, AX
AH,OH
AH, BL
o I RECTI ON FOR SCROLL DOWN
liNE COUNT TO BL
TEST FOR GRAPHI CS
SAVE ATTRIBUTE IN BH
LOWER RIGHT CORNER
GET REGEN lOCAT I ON
SI IS FROM ADDRESS
GET TOTAL I ROWS
COUNT TO MOVE I N SCROLL
ES5S ES E62F R
E658 28 F5
E650 2B FO
E65F FE CC
E661 75 F5
E663 58
E664 BO 20
E666 E8 E638 R
E669 28 FO
E66B FE CO
E66D 75 F7
E66F EB 91
E671 8A DE
E673 EB EE
E675
E675
E675 50
E676 56
E677 !51
E678 33 F6
E67A 89 0100
E670 AC
E67E 46
E67F E2 FC
E681 59
E682 SE
E683 58
E684 C3
E685
E685
E685
E686
E688
E6SC
E68E
E690
[693
E694
E696
E69S
E699
E698
E690
E69E
E6AO
6A2
6A4
E6A6
E6A8
E6AA
E6AC
E6AE
E680
E682
E684
E6B5
E6B7
E6B8
ESBA
EGBB
E6SD
EGBF
E6Cl
E6C2
E6CS
ESCS
E6C7
EGC9
ESCC
EGeE
E6DO
E601
604
50
BB F4
36: 88 44 OC
8E CO
BB F2
BA 030A
EC
24 08
75 F9
EC
24 08
74 Fa
58
OA CO
74 DC
3C 02
74 17
3C 01
75 29
BO 02
EB 06
8A C3
24 OF
OC 10
EE
8A C7
EE
32 CO
EE
ES 18
84 10
SA C4
EE
26: SA 04
EE
4.
FE C4
80 FC 20
72 F 1
BO 02
EE
26" 8A 04
EE
048
C49:
C50:
CALL
SU8
SU8
DEC
"NZ
pop
MOY
CALL
SUB
DEC
"NZ
"MP
C51 MOV
"MP
SCROLL_DOWN
MODE ALI VE
045
SI,8P
01 I BP
AH
C48
AX
~ ~ '
OJ, BP
BL
C50
C43
BL,OH
C49
ENOP
; MOVE ONE ROW
RECOVER ATTRIBUTE IN AH
CLEAR ONE ROW
GO TO NEXT ROW
- THIS ROUTINE READS 256 LOCATIONS IN MEMORY AS EVERY OTHER
LOCATION IN 512 LOCATIONS THIS IS TO INSURE THE DATA
I NTEGR I TV OF MEMORY OUR I NG MODE CHANGES
MODE_ALI VE
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
XOR
MaY
C52: LODSB
INC
LOOP
pop
pop
POP
RET
SET PALLETTE
PROC NEAR
AX
51
CX
51,51
CX,256
51
C52
CX
51
AX
ENDP
i SAVE USED REGS
~ THIS ROUTINE WRITES THE PALETTE REGISTERS
INPUT
(AL) a
CAL) 1
(AL) 2
CBH)
(ell
(BHl
SET PALETTE REG
VALUE TO SET
PALETTE REG TO SET
SET BORDER COLOR REG
VALUE TO SET
AND BORDER REG
NOTE" REGISTERS
SET ALL PALETTE REGS
ARE WRITE ONLY
SET _PALLETTE
PUSH
MOY
MOV
MOY
MOV
MOV
C53: IN
AND
"NZ
C54 IN
AND
"Z
pop
OR
R
CMP
"E
CMP
"NE
MOV
"MP
C55: MOV
AND
OR
C56: OUT
MOV
OUT
XOR
OUT
"HP
C57: MOV
C58: MOV
OUT
MOY
OUT
INC
INC
CMP
"B
MOY
OUT
MaY
OUT
PROC NEAR
AX
51, SP
AX,5S [51+12]
ES, AX
51, OX
OX, VGA_CTL
AL, OX
AL,08H
C53
AL, OX
AL,08H
C54
AX
AL, AL
C55
AL,2
C57
AL,l
C59
AL,2
SHORT C56
AL, BL
AL,OFH
AL,10H
O"X, AL
AL,aH
OX, AL
AL, AL
OX, AL
SHORT C59
AH, 10H
AL, AH
OX, AL
AL, BYTE PTR ES: [
OX, AL
SI
AH
AH,20H
C58
AL,2
OX, AL
AL, BYTE PTR ES, [
OX, AL
GET SEG FROM STACK
OFFSET IN SI
SET VGA CONTROL PORT
GET VGA ST ATUS
IN VERTI CAL RETRACE?
YES, WAlT FOR I T TO GO AWAY
GET VGA STATUS
INVER I TCAL RETRACE?
NO, WAIT FOR IT
SET PALETTE REG?
YES, GO DO IT
SET ALL REGS?
SET BORDER COLOR REG?
NO, DON'T DO ANYTHING
SET BORDER: COLOR REG NUMBER
GET DES I REO REG NUMBER IN AL
STRIP UNUSED BITS
MAKE 1 NTO REAL REG NUMBER
SELECT REG
GET DATA IN AL
SET NEW DATA
SET REG 0 SO DISPLAY WORKS AGAIN
AH I S REG COUNTER
REG ADDRESS IN AL
SELECT IT
I) ;GET DATA
PUT IN VGA REG
NEXT DATA BYTE
NEXT REG
LAST PALETTE REG?
NO, DO NEXT ONE
SET BORDER REG
SELECT IT
I] ,GET DATA
PUT IN VGA REG
ROM BIOS A-61
E604 EE
E605 E9 OF70 R
EB08
EB08
E608 50
EB09 IE
ESoA B8 ---- R
EBOO BE 08
ESDF AO 0005 R
EBE2 E6 10
E6E4 FE CB
SE6 112 0005 R
E6E9 IF
EBEA 58
EGEB C3
E6EC
E6F2
E6F2 E9 OB18 R
E6F5
E6F5 50
ESFG FB
ESF7 2E: BA 25
ESFA 20 26 00B4 R
ESFE E. 21
E700 22 c.
E702 E6 21
704 58
E705 C3
E70S
E706
E706 51
E707 28 C9
E709 2: 8A 05
E70C 34 FF
E70E B4 OS 0084 R
E712 75 03
E714 E2 F8
E716 F9
E717 59
E718 C3
E719
E719
E719 51
E71A 28 C.
E71C EC
E71D 3C 01
E71F 7. 05
721 E2
F'
E723 F.
E724 EB 01
E726 F8
727 5.
E728 C3
E729
A-62 ROM BIOS
OUT
C59: JMP
PUT IN VGA REG
ALL DONE
SET _PALLETTE
DX, AL
VIDEO_RETURN
ENDP
MFG_UP PRoe NEAR
PUSH
PUSH
ASSUME
MOV
MOV
MOV
OUT
DEC
MOV
ASSUME
POP
POP
RET
AX
05
DS: XXDATA
AX, XXOATA
DS, AX
AL, MFG_TST
10H, AL
AL
MFG_TST, AL
DS ASSO
05
AX
GET MFG CHECKPOI NT
OUTPUT IT TO TESTER
DROP I T BY 1 FOR THE NEXT TEST
MFG_UP ENOP
SUI
SUI
ASSUME
ORG
es: CODE, OS: DATA
OE6F2H
JMP NEAR PTR BOOT _STRAP
SUBROUTINE TO SET UP CONDITIONS FOR THE TESTING OF 8250 AND
8259 INTERRUPTS. ENABLES HASKA8LE EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS,
CLEARS THE 8259 INTR RECEIVED FLAG BIT, AND ENA8LES THE
DEVICE'S 8259 INTR (WHICHEVER IS BEING TESTED>.
I T EXPECTS TO BE PASSED:
(OS) :: ADDRESS OF SEGMENT WHERE INTR FLAG IS DEFINED
COl) = OFFSET OF THE INTERRUPT BIT MASK
UPON RETURN;
INTR FLAG BIT FOR THE DEVICE = 0
NO REGISTERS ARE ALTERED
PROC
PUSH
5T1
MOV
AND
IN
AND
OUT
POP
RET
ENDP
NEAR
AX
AH, CS [01 ]
I NTR_FLAG, AH
AL, I NTAO 1
AL, AH
I NTA01, AL
AX
ENABLE MASKABLE EXTERNAL
INTERRUPTS
GET INTERRUPT 8 I T MASK
CLEAR 8259 INTERRUPT REC' 0 FLAG
BIT
CURRENT INTERRUPTS
ENABLE THIS INTERRUPT, TOO
WRI TE TO 8259 (I NTERRUPT
CONTROLLER'
SUBROUTINE WHICH CHECKS IF A 8259 INTERRUPT IS GENERATED BY THE
8250 INTERRUPT.
I T EXPECTS TO BE PASSED:
(01) ;; OFFSET OF INTERRUPT BIT MASK
(OS) :: ADDRESS OF SEGMENT WHERE INTR_FLAG IS DEFINED
IT RETURNS:
(CF) :: 1 IF NO INTERRUPT IS GENERATED
o I F THE I NTERRUPT OCCURRED
(AU ;; COMPLEMENT OF THE I NTERRUPT MASK
NO OTHER REG I STERS ARE AL TERED
C5059 PROC NEAR
PUSH ex
SUB ex. ex SET PROGRAM LOOP COUNT
MOV AL, CS: [OIl GET I NTERRUPT MASK
XOR AL, OFFH COMPLEMENT MASK SO ONLY THE INTR
TEST Bl T IS ON
AT25: TEST I NTR_FLAG, AL 8259 I NTERRUPT OCCUR?
JNE AT27 YES - CaNT I NUE
LOOP AT25 WA IT SOME MORE
5TC TIME'S UP - FAILED
AT27: POP ex
RET
C5059 ENDP
SUBROUTINE TO WAIT FOR ALL ENABLED 8250 INTERRUPTS TO CLEAR (50
NO INTRS WILL BE PENDING). EACH INTERRUPT COULD TAKE UP TO
1 MILLISECOND TO CLEAR. THE INTERRUPT IDENTIFICATION
REGISTER: WILL BE CHECKED UNTIL THE INTERRUPT(S) IS CLEARED
OR A TIMEOUT OCCURS
(OX) ADDRESS OF THE INTERRUPT 10 REGISTER
RETURNS:
(AU
(CF)
CONTENTS OF THE I NTR 10 REGI STER
1 I F I NTERRUPTS ARE sTI LL PEND I NG
o I F NO I NTERRUPTS ARE PEND I NG (ALL CLEAR)
NO OTHER REG I STERS ARE AL TEREO.
; ------------------------------------------------------------------
W8250C PROC NEAR
PUSH ex
SU8 CX, CX
AT28: IN AL, DX READ INTR 10 REG
eMP AL,I INTERRUPTS STILL PENDING?
JE AT29 NO - GOOD FINISH
LOOP AT28 KEEP TRY I NG
STC TIME'S UP - ERROR
JMP SHORT AT30
AT29: eLC
AT30: POP CX
RET
W8250C ENDP
729
E729
E729 03F9
E72B 02EA
720 0175
E72F OOSA
E731 0050
E733 002F
E735 0017
E737 0017
E739
E739 FB
E73A lE
E73B 52
73C 56
730 57
73E 51
73F 53
E740 SB F2
E742 BB FA
E744 01 E6
E746 E8 13SB R
E749 BB 94 0000 R
E740 08 02
E74F 74 13
751 OA E4
753 74 16
E755 FE CC
E757 74 47
E759 FE CC
E75B 74 BC
750 FE CC
E75F 75 03
761 E9 E7F3 R
----- I NT 14--------------------------------------------
RS232_IO
THIS ROUTINE PROVIDES BVTE STREAM I/O TO THE COMMUNICATIONS
PORT ACCORD I NG TO THE PARAMETERS;
(AH)=O INITIALIZE THE COMMUNICATIONS PORT
(AL) HAS PARMS FOR INITIALIZATION
- - - 7 -------6-------5---- ---4-- -----3-------2------- -- 1-------0----
-------- BAUD RATE ---.: ----PARITV---- -STOPBIT-:: --WORD LENGTH--
000 - 110
001 - 150
010 - 300
all - 600
100 - 1200
101 - 2400
110 - 4800
111 - 4800
XO - NONE
01 - ODD
11 - EVEN
o - 1
1 - 2
10 - 7 SI T5
11-8BIT5
ON RETURN, THE RS232 I NTERRUPTS ARE DISABLED AND
COND 1 T IONS ARE SET AS I N CALL TO COMMa
STATUS (AI-I=3)
(AH) = 1 SEND THE CHARACTER IN (AL) OVER THE COMMa LINE
(AL) REG I STER I S PRESERVED
ON EXIT, BIT 7 OF AH IS SET IF THE ROUTINE WAS
UNABLE TO TRANSMIT THE BYTE OF DATA OVER
THE LINE. IF 8IT 7 OF AH 15 NOT SET, THE
REMAINDER OF AH IS SET AS IN A STATUS
RE:QUEST, REFELECTING THE CURRENT STATUS OF
THE LINE.
(AH):;2 RECE I 'IE A CHARACTER IN (AL) FROM COMMO LINE BEFORE
RETURNING TO CALLER
ON EXIT, AH HAS THE CURRENT LINE STATUS, AS SET BV
THE STATUS ROUTINE, EXCEPT THAT THE ONLY
81TS LEFT ON, ARE THE ERROR BITS
<7,4,3,2,1). IN THIS CASE, THE TIME OUT BIT
I NO 1 CATES DATA SET READY WAS NOT RECE I VED.
THUS, AH I S NON ZERO ONLY WHEN AN ERROR
OCCURRED. (NOTE: IF THE TIME-OUT BIT IS SET,
OTHER BITS IN AH MAY NOT BE RELIABLE. )
(AH):;3 RETURN THE COMMO PORT STATUS IN (AX)
AH CONTAINS THE LINE CONTROL STATUS
BIT 7 :; TIME OUT
BIT 6 = TRANS SHIFT REG I STER EMPTV
BIT 5 = TRAN HOLD I NG REG I STER EMPTV
BIT 4 :; BREAK DETECT
BIT 3 :; FRAM I NG ERROR
BIT 2 :; PARtTY ERROR
BIT 1 :; OVERRUN ERROR
BIT 0 :; DATA READV
AL CONTAINS THE MODEM STATUS
BIT 7 RECIEVED LINE SIGNAL DETECT
BIT 6 :; RING INDICATOR
BIT 5 :; DATA SET REAOY
BI T 4 :: CLEAR TO SEND
BIT 3 :; DELTA RECEIVE LINE SIGNAL DETECT
BIT 2 :;:: TRAILING EDGE RING DETECTOR
BIT 1 :; DELTA DATA SET READY
BIT a :; DELTA CLEAR TO SEND
(OX) :; PARAMETER INDICATING WHICH RS232 CARD (0,1 ALLOWED)
DATA AREA RS232 BASE CONTAINS THE BASE ADDRESS OF THE 8250 ON THE
CARD. LOCATION 400H CONTAINS UP TO 4 RS232 ADDRESSES POSSIBLE
DATA AREA RS232 TIM OUT (BYTE) CONTAINS OUTER LOOP COUNT
VALUE FOR - TIMEOUT (DEF AUL T:; 1 )
OUTPUT
ASSUME
ORG
Al LABEL
OW
OW
OW
OW
OW
OW
OW
OW
RS232_IO
VECTOR
STI
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
HOV
SHL
CALL
MOV
OR
JZ
OR
JZ
DEC
JZ
DEC
JZ
DEC
JNZ
JMP
AX MOD J FLED ACCORD I NG TO PARMS OF CALL
ALL OTHERS UNCHANGED
CS: CODE, OS, DATA
OE729H
WORD
1017 110 BAUD j TABLE OF INIT VALUE
746 150
373 300
188 600
93 1200
47 2400
23 4800
23 j 4800
PROC FAR
TO APPROPRIATE ROUTINE
; I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
OS ; SAVE SEGMENT
OX
51
01
ex
BX
51, OX
01, ox
51,1
DDS j
OX, RS232_BASECSI]
DX, OX
A3
AH. AH
A4
AH
A5
AH
A12
AH
A3
AlB
RS232 VALUE TO 51
AND TO 01 (FOR TI"EOUTS)
WORD OFFSET
POI NT TO BIOS DATA SEGMENT
GET BASE ADDRESS
TEST FOR a BASE ADDRESS
RETURN
TEST FOR cAH):;O
COMMUN INIT
TEST FOR (AH)=l
SEND AL
TEST FOR (AH):;2
RECEIVE INTO AL
TEST FOR (AH)=3
COMMUNICATION STATUS
A-ROM BIOS A-63
E764
E764 58
765 59
766 SF
E767 5E
E768 SA
E769 IF
E76A CF
E76B SA EO
E76D 83 C2 03
E770 80 80
E772 EE
8A 04
Bl 04
02 C2
81 E2 OOOE
BF E729 R
03 FA
E773
E775
E777
E779
E770
E780
E782
E78G
E787
E7aB
E78C 4A
E780
E790
E791
E794
E79G
E798
88 94 0000 R
.2
2E: SA 45 01
EE
2E: SA 05
EE
83
8A
2.
EE
C2 03
C.
lF
E799 4A
.A E79A
E798
E790
E79E
80 00
EE
Ee 53
E7AO
E7AO 50
E7Al 83 C2 04
E7A4 BO 03
E7AG EE
E7A7 42
E7A8 42
E7AS 87 30
E7AB E8 E802 R
E7AE 74 08
E780 59
E791 SA Cl
E783 80 CC 90
E7BG E8 AC
E788
E798 4A
E799 B7 20
E79B E8 E802 R
E7BE 75 FO
E7CO 83 Ell. 05
E7C3 59
E7C4 811. Cl
E7C6 EE
E7C7 EB 98
E7C9 83 C2 04
E7CC BO 01
E7CE EE
E7CF 42
E700 42
E701 B7 20
E703 ES E802 R
706 75 DB
E70S 4A
E709 EC
E70A AS 01
E70C 75 09
E70E F6 06 0071 R 80
E7E3 74 F4
E7E5 EB CC
E7E7 24 IE
E7E9 SA EO
E7E8 88 94 0000 R
E7EF EC
E7FO E9 E764 R
E7F3 SB 94 0000 R
E7F7 B3 C2 05
E7FA EC
E7FB BA EO
E7FD 42
E7FE EC
E7FF E9 E764 R
A-64 ROM BIOS
11.3:
A4:
~ 5 :
11.7:
AS-
11.9:
~ 2 :
11.16:
A17:
~ 8 :
i RETURN FROM RS232
8X
CX
01
SI
OX
OS
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
IRET ; RETURN TO CALLER, NO ACTI ON
INITIALIZE THE COMMUNICATIONS PORT
HOV AH, AL ; SAVE I NI T PARMS IN AH
AOD OX,3 ; POINT TO 8250 CONTROL REGISTER
HOV AL, BOH
OUT OX, AL ; SET OLAB= 1
DETERMINE BAUD RATE DIVISOR
HOV OL, AH
MOV CL,04
ROL OL, CL
AND OX, OEH
MOV 0 I ,OFFSET 11.1
ADD 01, OX ;
MOV OX, RS232_BASE[SI]
INC OX
MOV AL,CS:[DIl+l
OUT OX, AL
DEC OX
MOV AL,CS[DI]
OUT OX, AL
ADD OX,3
MOV AL,AH
AND AL, OlFH
OUT OX,AL
DEC OX
DEC OX
HOV AL,O
GET PARMS TO OL
I SOlATE THEM
BASE OF TABLE
PUT INTO INDEX REGISTER
; POINT TO HIGH ORDER OF DIVISOR
GET HIGH ORDER OF DIVISOR
SET MS OF DIV TO 0
GET LOW ORDER OF DIVISOR
SET LOW OF DIVISOR
GET PARMS BACK
STRIP OFF THE 8AUD BITS
LI NE CONTROL TO B BITS
OUT OX, AL I NTERRUPT ENABLES ALL OFF
....IMP SHORT A18 ; COM_STATUS
SEND CHARACTER IN (AL) OVER COMMO LINE
PUSH
ADD
MOV
OUT
INC
INC
MOV
CALL
JE
POP
MOV
OR
J"P
DEC
MDV
CALL
JNZ
SUB
PDP
MOV
AX
DX,4
AL,3
OX, AL
OX
OX
8H,30H
WAJ T _FOR_STATUS
A9
CX
AL,CL
AH,80H
A3
OX
BH,20H
WAI T_FOR_STATUS
A7
DX,5
CX
AL, CL
SAVE CHAR TO SEND
MODEM CONTROL REG 1 STER
DTR AND RTS
DATA TERMINAL READY, REQUEST TO
SEND
MODEM STATUS REGISTER
DATA SET READY & CLEAR TO SEND
ARE BOTH TRUE?
YES, READY TO TRANSMIT CHAR
RELOAD DATA BYTE
INDICATE TIME our
RETURN
CLEAR TO SEND
LI NE STATUS REGI STER
IS TRANSMI TTER READY
TEST FOR TRANSMI TTER READY
RETURN WI TH TI ME OUT SET
DATA PORT
RECOVER IN CX TEMPORAR I L Y
MOVE CHAR TO AL FOR OUT, STATUS
IN AH
OUT
JMP
RECEIVE
ADD
OX,AL
A3
CHARACTER
OX,o4
OUTPUT CHARACTER
; RETURN
FROM COMMO LINE
MOV
OUT
INC
INC
MOV
CALL
JNZ
DEC
IN
TEST
JNZ
TEST
JZ
J"P
AND
AL,l
OX, AL
OX
OX
BH,20H
WAIT FOR STATUS
A8 - -
OX
AL, OX
AL,l
A17
BIOS_BREAK, SOH
A16
A8
AL,00011110B
MOV AH,AL
HOV OX, RS232_8ASE[SI]
IN AL, OX
JMP A3 ;
COHMO PORT STATUS ROUTINE
MOV OX, RS232_BASE[SI]
ADD OX,5
IN AL,OX
MOV AH, AL
INC ox
IN AL,OX
....IMP A3
MODEM CONTROL REG I STER
DATA TERMI NAL REAOY
MODEM STATUS REGI STER
DATA SET READV
TEST FOR DSR
RETURN W JTH ERROR
LINE STATUS REGISTER
RECE I VE BUFFER FULL
TEST FOR REC. BUFF. FULL
TEST FOR BREAK KEY
LOOP 1 F NO 8REAK KEY
SET TIME OUT ERROR
TEST FOR ERROR CO NO J T IONS
CHAR
DATA PORT
GET CHARACTER FROM LI NE
RETURN
CONTROL PORT
GET LINE CONTROL STATUS
PUT IN AH FOR RETURN
ON RECV
POINT TO MODEH STATUS REGISTER
GET HODEM CONTROL STATUS
RETURN
--------------------------------------'---
WAlT FOR STATUS ROUTl NE
ENTRY: BH=STATUS BITeS) TO LOOK FOR,
DX=ADDR. OF STATUS REG
EXIT ZERO FL,t\G ON = STATUS FOUND
ZERO FLAG OFF = Tl MEOUT
AH=LAST STATUS READ
E802
E802 SA 90 007C R
E806 28 C9
E808 EC
E809 8A EO
E808 22 C7
800 3A C7
EBOF 74 DB
EBll E2 F5
E813 FE CB
E815 75 EF
E817 OA FF
E819
E819 C3
E81A
E8lA
E81A
E81A 80 40
EBlC E6 43
EB1E 50
EalF 58
E820 E4 41
E822 8A EO
EB24 50
EB25 58
EB26 E4 41
E828 86 C4
E82A C3
E82B
E82E
E82E E9 1300 R
WAIT FOR STATUS PRoe NEAR
- HOV
WFSO: SUB
WFSl; IN
MOV
AND
CMP
JE
LOOP
OEC
JNZ
OR
RET
Bl, RS232_TIM_OUTCOI J iLOAO OUTER LOOP COUNT
ex, ex
AL, ox
AH, AL
AL,8H
AL, BH
WFS_ENO
WF51
8L
WFSO
BH, BH
; GET STATUS
; MOVE TO AH
; ISOLATE BI TS TO TEST
; EXACTL Y = TO MASK
; RETURN WITH ZERO FLAG ON
iTRY AGAIN
j SET ZERO FLAG OFF
WAIT FOR STATUS ENDP
RS232_1 0- ENDP
; THIS ROUTINE WILL READ T1MERl. THE VALUE READ IS RETURNED IN AX.
------------------------------------------------------------------
READ_TIME PROC
MOV
OUT
PUSH
POP
IN
MOV
PUSH
POP
IN
XCHG
RET
READ_TIME
ORG
JMP
NEAR
AL,40H
TIM_CTL, AL
AX
AX
AL, TIMER+l
AH, AL
AX
AX
AL, TIMER+l
AL, AH
ENDP
OEB2EH
LATCH TIMERI
WAIT FOR 8253 TO INIT ITSELF
READ LSB
SAVE IT IN HIGH BYTE
WAI T FOR 8253 TO 1 NI T ITSELF
REA.D MS8
PUT BYTES I N PROPER ORDER
NEAR PTR KEYBOARD _10
ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONS ADAPTER POWER ON DIAGNOSTIC TEST
DESCR I PTI ON:
THIS SUBROUTINE PERFORMS A THOROUGH CHECK OUT OF AN INS8250 LSI
CHIP.
THE TEST INCLUDES:
1) INITIALIZATION OF THE CHIP TO ASSUME ITS MASTER RESET STATE.
2) READING REGISTERS FOR KNOWN PERMANENT ZERO BITS.
3) TESTING THE INS8250 INTERRUPT SYSTEM AND THAT THE 8250
INTERRUPTS TRIGGER AN 8259 (INTERRUPT CONTROLLER) INTERRUPT.
4) PERFORMING THE LOOP BACK TEST:
A) TESTING WHAT WAS WRITTEN/READ AND THAT THE TRANSMITTER
HOLD I NG REG EMPTY B IT AND THE RECE I VER I NTERRUPT WORK
PROPERLY.
8) TESTING IF CERTAIN BITS OF THE DATA SET CONTROL REGISTER
ARE 'LOOPED BACK' TO THOSE IN THE DATA SET STATUS
REGISTER.
C) TESTING THAT THE TRANSMITTER IS IDLE WHEN TRANSMISSION
TEST IS FINISHED.
THIS SUBROUTINE EXPECTS TO HAVE THE FOLLOWING PARAMETER PASSED:
(DX)= ADDRESS OF THE INS8250 CARD TO TEST.
NOTE: THE ASSUMPTION HAS BEEN MADE THAT THE MODEM ADAPTER IS
LOCATED AT 03F8H; THE SERIAL PRINTER AT 02FBH.
I T RETURNS:
(CF) = 1 IF ANY PORTION OF THE TEST FAILED
= 0 I F TEST PASSED
(ex) = FAILURE KEV FOR ERROR MESSAGE <ONLY VALID IF TEST FAILED)
(BI-I) 23H SERIAL PRINTER ADAPTER TEST FAILURE
24H MODEM ADAPTER TEST FAILURE
(eL> = 2 PERMANENT ZERO BITS IN INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER
WERE INCORRECT
PERMANENT ZERO BITS IN INTERRUPT IDENTIFICATION
REGISTER WERE INCORRECT
PERMANENT ZERO BITS IN DATA SET CONTROL REGISTER
WERE 1 NCORRECT
PERMANENT ZERO BITS IN THE LINE STATUS REGISTER
WERE INCORRECT
RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE INTERRUPT TEST FAILED
(THE INTERRUPT WAS NOT GENERATED)
16H RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE INTERRUPT FAILED TO CLEAR
7 RESERVED FOR REPORTING THE TRANSMITTER HOLDING
REGISTER EMPTY INTERRUPT TEST FAILED
(NOT USED AT THIS TIME BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE 8250 '5 WHI CH WI LL BE USED)
17H TRANSMITTER HOLD I NG REG EMPTY 1 NTR FAI LED TO CLEAR
8-8 RECEIVER LINE STATUS INTERRUPT TEST FAILED
8 - OVERRUN ERROR
9 - PARITY ERROR
A - FRAMING ERROR
B - BREAK 1 NTERRUPT ERROR
18-1B RECEIVER LINE STATUS INTERRUPT FAILED TO CLEAR
C-F MODEM STATUS INTERRUPT TEST FAILED
C - DELTA CLEAR TO SEND ERROR
o - DELTA DATA SET READY ERROR
E - TRAILING EDGE RING INDICATOR ERROR
F - DELTA RECEIVE LINE SIGNAL DETECT ERROR
ROM BIOS A-65
= 0084
E831
E831 1E
E832 E4 21
E834 50
E835 OC 01
E837 E6 21
E839 9C
E83A 52
E83B E8 138B R
E83E 8 OAC4 R
E841 73 03
E843 E9 E948 R
E846 BF 0041 R
E849 33 F6
E84B 80 FE 02
E84E 75 02
E850 46
E851 47
E852 E8 E6F5 R
E855 FE C3
ES57 42
ES5S 80 01
E85A EE
EOSB 53
E85C S3 C2 04
E85F B4 01
E861 BB 0400
E864 B9 0003
E867 E8 OAFS R
E86A 58
EB6B 3C FF
E860 74 36
EB6F E8 E706 R
E872 72 33
E874 4A
E875 .A
E876 EC
E877 42
E878 42
E879 E8 E719 R
E87C 73 03
E87E E9 E948 R
A-66 ROM BIOS
ON EKIT:
lC-lF MODEM STATUS INTERRUPT FAILEO TO CLEAR
10H AN B250 I NTERRUPT OCCURRED AS E)(PECTED, BUT NO
8259 (I NTR CONTROLL.ER) INTERRUPT WAS GENERATED
llH DURING THE TRANSMISSION TEST, THE TRANSMITTER
HOLDING REGISTER WAS NOT EMPTV WHEN IT SHOULD
HAVE BEEN.
12H DURING THE TRANSMISSION TEST, THE RECEIVED DATA
AVAILABLE INTERRUPT DIDN'T OCCUR.
13H TRANSMISSION ERROR - THE CHARACTER RECEIVED
DURI NG LOOP MODE WAS NOT THE SAME AS THE ONE
TRANSM I TTED
14H DURING TRANSMISSION TEST, THE 4 DATA SET CONTROL
OUTPUTS WERE NOT THE SAME AS THE 4 DATA SET
CONTROL INPUTS.
ISH THE TRANSMITTER WAS NOT IDLE AFTER THE TRANS-
MISSION TEST COMPLETED.
- THE MODEM OR SERI AL PRI NTER 'S 8259 INTERRUPT (WHI CHEYER
DEVICE WAS TESTED) IS DISABLED.
- THE B250 IS I N THE MASTER RESET STATE.
ONLV THE OS REGISTER IS PRESERVED - ALL OTHERS ARE ALTERED.

UART

;'T2:
ASSUME
PROC
PUSH
IN
PUSH
OR
CS; CODE, os: DATA
NEAR
DS
AL,INTA01
AX
AL, 00000001B
OUT INTA01, AL
PUSHF
PUSH OX
CALL DDS
; I NTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESS
; (IN DIAGNOSTICS)
CURRENT ENABLED INTERRUPTS
SAVE FOR EXIT
DISABLE TIMER INTR DURING THIS
TEST
SAVE CALLER'S FLAGS (SAVE INTR
FLAG)
SAVE BASE ADDRESS OF ADAPTER CARD
SET UP 'DATA' AS DATA SEGMENT
ADDRESS
INITIALIZE PORTS FOR MASTER RESET STATES AND TEST PERMANENT
ZERO DATA BITS FOR CERTAIN PORTS.
CALL
JNC
JHP
182150
AT1
AT14
j ALL OK
; A PORT'S ZERO BITS WERE NOT ZERO!
I NS8250 J NTERRUPT SVSTEM TEST
ONLY THE INTERRUPT BEING TESTED WILL BE ENABLED.
SET 01 AND 51 FOR
MOY 0 I , OFFSET
)(OR 51,51
CMP DH,2
JNE AT2
INC SI
INC 01
CALLS TO 'SUI'
IMASKS ; BASE ADDRESS OF INTERRUPT MASKS
HOOEM INDEX
; OR SERIAL?
: NTER
; SERIAL PRINTER 8259 MASK ADDRESS
RECEIVED DATA AVAI LABLE I NTERRUPT TEST
CALL SUI
INC SL
INC D)(
HOV AL,1
OUT DX,AL
PUSH ax
ADO 0)(,4
HOV AH,l
HOV BX,0400H
HOV C)(,3
CALL ICT
POP ax
CHP AL,OFFH
JE AT4
CALL C5059
JC AT5
DEC DX
DEC OX
IN AL,DX
INC DX
INC OX
CALL W8250C
JNC AT3
JHP AT13
SET UP FOR INTERRUPTS
ERROR REPORTER (I NIT. IN 18250)
POI NT TO I NTERRUPT ENABLE
REGISTER
ENABLE RECEIVED DATA AVAILABLE
INTR
SAYE ERROR REPORTER
POINT TO LINE STATUS REGISTER
SET RECEIVER DATA READ V BIT
INTR TO CHECK, INTR IDENTIFIER
INTERRUPT 10 REG 'INDE)('
PERFORM TEST FOR 1 NTERRUPT
RESTORE ERROR INDICATOR
I NTERRUPT ERROR OCCUR?
VE5
GENERATE 8259 INTERRUPT?
NO
RESET I NTA BY READ I NG RECA BUFR
DON'T CARE ABOUT THE CONTENTS!
INTR ID REG
WAIT FOR I NTR TO CLEAR
OK
DIDN'T CLEAR
TRANSMITTER HOLDING REGISTER EMPTV INTERRUPT TEST
THIS TEST HAS BEEN MODIFIED BECAUSE THE DIFFERENT B250'S
THAT MAV BE USED IN PRODUCING THIS PRODUCT DO NOT FUNCTION
THE SAME DURING THE STANDARD TEST OF THIS INTERRUPT
(STANDARD BEING THE SAME METHOD FOR TESTING THE OTHER
POSSIBLE 8250 INTERRUPTS)' IT IS STILL VALID FOR TESTING
IF AN 8259 INTERRUPT IS GENERATED IN RESPONSE TO THE 8250
INTERRUPT AND THAT THE 9250 INTERRUPT CLEARS AS IT SHOULD.
IF THE TRANSMITTER HOLDING REGISTER EMPTY INTERRUPT IS NOT
GENERATED WHEN THAT INTERRUPT IS ENABLED, IT IS NOT TREATED
AS AN ERROR. HOWEYER, IF" THE INTERRUPT IS GENERATED, IT
MUST GENERATE AN 8259 INTERRUPT AND CLEAR PROPERLV TO PASS
THIS TEST.
E881 EB E6F5 R
E884 FE C3
EBBS 4A
E887 BO 02
E889 EE
E8BA EB 00
E88C 42
EBBD 2B C.
E8BF EC
E890 3C 02
E892 74 04
EB94 E2 F.
E896 EB 11
E898
E89B EB E706 R
E89B 72 OA
E99D EB E719 R
ESAO 73 07
ESA2 E9 E948 R
EBA5 EB 7E
E8A7 EB 7A
EBA9 4A
EBAA BO 04
ESAC EE
EBAD B3 C2 04
EBBO B. 0003
ESB3 BD 0004
EBB6 B4 02
EBBB E8 E6F5 R
EBBB FE C3
EBBO 53
E88E BB 0601
E8Cl E8 OAF8 R
E8C4 58
E8C5 24 lE
E8C7 3A C4
E8C9 75 SA
EBCe EB E706 R
EaCE 72 53
E8DO 83 EA 03
EBD3 B E719 R
E806 72 70
E808 40
809 74 07
E80B DO E4
ESDD 83 C2 03
ESEO E8 06
EBE2 83 C2 04
E8E5 EC
E8E6 EB 00
E8E8 83 EA 05
EBEB 80 08
E8ED EE
EBEE 93 C2 05
ESF 1 89 0004
EBF4 BD 0004
E8F7 84 01
E9F9 E9 ESF'5 R
E8FC FE C3
E8FE 53
E8F'F BB 0001
E902 E8 OAFS R
E905 58
E90S 24 OF
E908 3A C.
E90A 75
,.
E90C E8 E706 R
E:90F 72 12
E911 B3 EA 04
AT3:
AT31:
AT32:
AT4:
4T5:
CALL
INC
DEC
MDV
OUT
JMP
INC
SUB
IN
CMP
JE
LOOP
JMP
CALL
JC
CALL
JNC
JMP
JMP
JMP
SUI
BL
D.
AL,2
OX, AL
5+2
D.
ex, ex
AL, DX
AL,2
AT32
AT31
SHORT
C5059
AT5
W8250C
ATS
AT13
ATS
SHORT AT 11
SHORT AT 10
BUMP ERROR REPORTER
PO J NT TO I NTERRUPT ENABLE
REGISTER
ENABLE XMI TTER HOLD I NG REG EMPTY
INTR
1/0 DELAV
INTR IDENTIFICATION REG
READ IT
XM I HER HOLD I NG REG EMPTY I NTR?
YES
THE I NTR D I DN 'T OCCUR - TRV NEXT
TEST
THE I NTR DID OCCUR
NO
WA I T FOR THE I NTERRUPT TO CLEAR
(IT SHOULD ALREADV BE CLEAR
BECAUSE 'I CT' READ THE I NTR 10
REGl
IT CLEARED
ERROR
AVOID OUT OF RANGE JUMPS
RECEIVER LINE STATUS INTERRUPT TEST
THERE ARE 4 BITS WHICH COULD GENERATE THIS INTERRUPT.
EACH ONE IS TESTED INDIVIDUALLY
WHEN AH TESTING
OVERRUN
PARI TV
8 FRAMING
10H BREAK INTR
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
AT7:
MOV
OUT
ADD
MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
INC
PUSH
MOV
CALL
POP
ANO
CMP
JNE
CALL
JC
SUB
CALL
JC
DEC
JE
SHL
ADD
JMP
AL,04
OX, AL
OX,4
CX,3
BP,o4
AH,2
SUI
BL
B.
eX,oaolH
ICT
B.
AL,OOOl11lOB
AL,AH
AT 11
C5059
ATI0
DX,3
WB250C
AT 13
BP
ATB
AH,l
DX,3
AT7
REGISTER
ENABLE RECEIVER LINE STATUS INTR
POINT TO LINE STATUS REGISTER
INTR 10 REG 'INDEX'
LOOP COUNTER
INITIAL BIT TO BE TESTED
BUMP ERROR REPORTER
SAVE IT
PERFORM TEST FOR INTERRUPT
MASK OUT BITS THAT DON'T MATTER
TEST BIT ON?
NO
NO
INTR 10 REG
WA I T FOR THE I NTR TO CLEAR
IT DIDN'T
ALL FOUR 81 TS TESTED?
YES - GO ON TO NEXT TEST
GET READV FOR NEXT BI T
LI NE STATUS REGI STER
TEST NEXT BIT
MOOEM STATUS INTERRUPT TEST
ATB:
AT9:
THERE ARE 4 BITS WHICH COULD GENERATE THIS INTERRUPT.
THEY ARE TESTED INDIVIDUALLV
WHEN AH TEST I NG
ADD
IN
JMP
SUB
MOV
OUT
ADD
MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
INC
PUSH
MOV
CALL
POP
AND
CMP
JNE
CALL
JC
SUB
OX,o4
AL, OX
$+2
OX,S
AL, B
OX, AL
OX,5
eX,4
BP,4
AH,l
SUI
BL
BX
8X,OOOlH
ICT
DELTA CLEAR TO SEND
DELTA DATA SET READV
TRAILING EDGE RING INDICATOR
DELTA RECEIVE LINE SIGNAL DETECT
MODEM STATUS REGISTER
CLEAR DELTA BITS THAT MAY BE ON
BECAUSE OF 0 I FFERENCES AMONG
B250 '5.
110 DELAV
I NTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER
ENABLE MODEM STATUS INTERRUPT
POINT TO MODEM STATUS REGISTER
INTR 10 REG 'INDEX'
LOOP COUNTER
INITIAL BIT TO BE TESTED
BUMP ERROR INDICATOR
SAVE IT
PERFORM TEST FOR INTERRUPT
B.
AL,000011118
Al, AH
MASK OUT BITS THAT OON'T MATTER
TEST BIT ON?
AT 11
C5059
ATI0
DX,4
NO
GENERATE B259 INTERRUPT?
NO
INTR 10 REG
ROM BIOS A-67
E914 8 E719 R
E917 72 2F
E919 40
E91A 74 OB
E9lC 00 E4
E91E B3 C2 04
E921 EB 06
E923 B3 10
E925 EB 24
E927 42
92B E8 FOB5 R
E929 B3 C2
O'
E92E EC
E92F EB 00
E931 OC 10
E933 EE
E934 EO 00
E936 42
E937 42
E938 EC
E939 EB 00
E93B 83 EA OS
E93E EC
E93F .2
E940 BO 00
E942 CO

E944 81 00
E946 73 05
E948 80 C3
E948 BIOI
E94D SA
E94 53
10
E94F EB OAC4 R
E952 58
E953 2E; 8A 25
E956 20 26 0084 R
E95A 80 F4 FF'
E95D E4 21
E95F OA C4
E961 E6 21
E963 90
E964 OA C9
E966 74 OC
E968 B7 24
E96A 90 FE 02
E960 715 02
E96F B7 23
E971 F9
E972 EB 01
E974 FB
E975 58
E976 E6 21
978 IF
E979 C3
E97A
E987
E987 E9 156 1 R
A-68 ROM BIOS
ATIO;
ATll;
CALL W8250C WAIT FOR I NTERRUPT TO CLEAR
JC AT 13 IT DIDN'T
DEC, BP
JE AT 12 ALL FOUR 8 I TS TESTED - GO ON
SHL AH,l GET READ V FOR NEXT BIT
ADD DX,4 MODEM STATUS REGISTER
JMP AT9 TEST NEXT BIT
POSS I OLE 8259 I NTERRUPT CONTROLLER PROBLEM
MOV
JHP
8l, 10H
SHORT AT 14
i SET ERROR REPORTER
SET 9600 BAUD RATE AND DEFINE DATA WORD AS HAVING B
BITS/WORD, 2 STOP BITS, AND ODD PARITY.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
AT13;
CAll S8250
SET DATA SET CONTROL WORD TO BE IN LOOP MODE
ADD OX,4
IN Al, OX
JMP $+2
OR AL,00010000B
OUT OX, AL
JMP $+2
INC OX
INC OX
IN AL, OX
JMP 5+2
SUB DX,6
IN AL, OX
PERFORM THE lOOP BACK TEST
INC
MOV
INT
MOV
JNC
ADD
OX
Al,O
WRAP
Cl,O
AT 15
Bl, 10H
CURRENT ST ATE
I/O DElAV
SET BIT 4 OF DATA SET CONTROL REG
1/0 DElAV
HOD EM STATUS REG
CLEAR POSSIBLE HOD EM STATUS
INTERRUPT WHICH COULD BE CAUSED
BV THE OUTPUT Bl TS BEl NG lOOPED
TO THE INPUT BITS
110 DELAY
RECE} VER BUFFER
DUMMY READ TO CLEAR DATA READY
BIT IF IT WENT HIGH ON WRITE TO
HCR
I NTR ENBl REG
SET FOR I NTERNAL WRAP TEST
00 LOOP BACK TRANSMISSION TEST
ASSUME NO ERRORS
WRAP TEST PASSED
ERROR INDICATOR
AN ERROR WAS ENCOUNTERED SOMEWHERE OURI NG THE TEST
------------------------------------------------------------------
ATI4; MOV Cl,l ; SET FAil INDICATOR
HOUSEKEEPING: RE-INITIALIZE THE 8250 PORTS <THE lOOP BIT
WILL BE RESET>, DISABLE THIS DEVICE INTERRUPT, SET UP
REGISTER BH IF AN ERROR OCCURRED, AND SET OR RESET THE
CARRY FLAG.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
AT 16
PUSH ax SAVE ERROR CODE
CALL IB250 RE-INITIALIZE 8250 PORTS
POP ex
MOV AH,CS; [OIl
AND I NTR_FLAG, AH
XOR AH,OFFH
IN AL,INTA01
OR Al, AH
OUT INTAOl,AL
POPF
OR
JE
MOV
CMP
JNE
MOY
sTC
JMP
Cl, Cl
AT17
BH,24H
DH,2
AT16
SH,23H
SHORT AT 18
GET DEVICE INTERRUPT MASK
CLEAR DEVICE'S INTERRUPT FLAG BIT
FLIP BITS
GET CURRENT I NTERRUPT PORT
DISABLE THIS DEVICE INTERRUPT
RE-ESTABLISH CALLER'S
FLAG
ANV ERRORS?
NO
ASSUME MODEM ERROR
OR IS IT SERIAL?
IT'S MODEM
IT'S SERIAL PRINTER
INTERRUPT
SET CARRY FLAG TO I NO I CATE ERROR
AT 17: CLC RESET CARRV FLAG - NO ERRORS
ATlB; POP AX RESTORE ENTRY ENABLED INTERRUPTS
OUT
POP
RET
I NTA01, AL DEVI CE INTRS RE-ESTABLISHEO
OS RESTORE REGI STER
UART ENDP
ORG
JHP
OE987H
NEAR PTR KB_I NT
NEC_OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
THI S ROUTI NE SENDS A BVTE TO THE NEC CONTROLLER
AFTER TESTI NG FOR CORRECT D I RECTI ON AND CONTROllER READY
THIS ROUTINE WILL TIME OUT IF THE BYTE IS NOT ACCEPTED
WITHIN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME, SETTING THE DISKETTE
STATUS ON COMPLETION
(AH) 8YTE TO BE OUTPUT
CV ::; 0 SUCCESS
CV = 1 FAILURE -- DISKETTE STATUS UPDATED
. IF A FAILURE HAS OCCURRED, THE RETURN IS MADE ONE
LEVEL HI GHER THAN THE CALLER OF NEC OUTPUT
THIS REMOVES THE REQUIREMENT OF TESTING AFTER EVERV
CALL OF NEC OUTPUT
(All DESTROVED -
E98A
EBBA 52
E98B 51
E9SC BA 00F4
E98F 33 C9
E991 EC
E992 A8 40
E994 74 OC
E996 E2 F9
E99S
E998 80 DE 0041 R 80
E990 59
E99E 5A
EB9F 58
E9AO F9
E9Al C3
9A2 33 C9
E9A4 EC
E9A5 AS 80
E9A7 75 04
E9A9 E2 FB
E9AB E8 E8
EBAO
E9AD 8A C4
E9AF 42
9BO EE
E981 59
E982 5A
E9B3 C3
E9B4
E9B4
E9B4 IE
E9B5 56
E9B6 28 CO
EBBB 32 FF
EBBA 8E 08
E9SC C!5 36 0078 R
E9CO 01 EB
E9C2 9C
E9C3 8A 20
E9C5 83 F8 01
E9C8 75 05
E9CA 80 CC 01
E9CD 8 De
E9CF 83 FB .A
9D2 78 07
E904 80 Fe O.
E9D7 70 02
E9D9 84 04
E9DB 90
EBDC 5E
ESOD IF
E9DE 7. AA
E9EO C3
EBEI
NEC_OUTPUT
PUSH
PUSH
MO.
XOR
..123: IN
..124:
TEST

LOOP
PROC NEAR
OX
CX
OX, NEC_STAT
CX,CX
AL,OX
AL,DIO

SAVE REGISTERS
STATUS PORT
COUNT FOR TI ME OUT
GET STATUS
TEST DIRECTION BIT
DIRECTION OK
j TIME_ERROR
DISKETTE_STATUS, TIME_OUT
CX
OR
POP
POP
POP
STC
RET
OX
AX
; SET ERROR CODE AND RESTORE REGS
; 0 I SCARD THE RETURN ADDRESS
..125: XOR
..126: IN
..127:
TEST

LOOP

CX,CX
AL,OX
AL. RQM

; INDICATE ERROR TO CALLER
RESET THE COUNT
GET THE STATUS
IS IT READ V?
VES, GO OUTPUT
COUNT DOWN AND TRV AGAIN
ERROR COND I T 1 ON
OUTPUT
GET BYTE TO OUTPUT MO.
INC
AL,AH
DX DATA PORT IS 1 GREATER THAN
STATUS PORT
DX,AL
CX
OX
OUTPUT THE BVTE
RECOVER REGI STERS
OUT
POP
POP
RET CV = 0 FROM TEST INSTRUCTION
NEC_OUTPUT ENDP
GET_PARM
THIS ROUTINE FETCHES THE INDEXED POINTER FROM
THE DISK_BASE BLOCK POINTED AT BV THE DATA
VAR 1 ABLE 0 15K_PO INTER
A BVTE FROM THAT TA8LE IS THEN MOVED INTO AH,
THE INDEX OF THAT BYTE BEING THE PARM IN BX
ENTRV --
BL = J NDEX OF BVTE TO BE FETCHED * 2
EXIT --
IF THE LOW BIT OF BL IS ON, THE BVTE IS IMMEDIATELV
OUTPUT TO THE NEC CONTROLLER
AH ;::: THAT BVTE FROM BLOCK
BX = DESTROVED
--------------------------------------------
GET_PARM PROC
DS
51
AX, AX
8H,SH
DS,AX
OS: ABSO
NEAR
SAVE SEGMENT
SAVE REGISTER
ZERO TO AX
ZERO BH
POINT TO BLOCK
PUSH
PUSH
sus
XOR
MO.
ASSUME
LOS
SHR
51, DISK_POINTER
BX,I DIVIDE BX BV 2, AND SET FLAG FOR
EXIT
PUSHF
MO.
CMP

OR

AH, [SI+BX)
eX,l
J21_1
AH,I
SAVE OUTPUT 81T
GET THE BVTE
IS THIS THE PARM WITH DMA
INDICATOR
TURN ON NO DMA BIT
J27_1: CMP
SHORT ..121_2
8X,10 MOTOR STARTUP DELAV?

CMP

MO.
J27_2
AH,4
J21_2
AH,4
GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 112 SEC'?
YES, OKAY
J27_2: POPF
NO, FORCE 1/2 SECOND DELAV
GET OUTPUT BI T
GET_PAR"
POP
POP
ASSUME

RET
51
OS
OS: DATA
NEC_OUTPUT
ENDP
RESTORE REGISTER
RESTORE SEGMENT
I F FLAG SET, OUTPUT TO CONTROLLER
RETURN TO CALLER
BOUND _SETUP
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE SETS UP BUFFER ADDRESSING FOR READ/WRITE/VERIFV
OPERAT IONS.
ES HAS ORIGINAL BUFFER SEGMENT VALUE
BP POINTS AT BASE" OF SAVED PARMETERS ON STACK
OUTPUT
ES HAS SEGMENT WHICH WILL ALLOW 64K ACCESS. THE
COMBINATION ES:DI AND 05:51 POINT TO THE BUFFER. THIS
CALCULATED ADDRESS WILL ALWAYS ACCESS 14K OF MEMORY.
BX DESTOVED
ROM BIOS A-69
E9El
E9El 51
E9E2 89 5E DC
E9E5 53
E9E6 81 D4
E9EB 03 EB
E9EA 8C Cl
E9EC 03 CB
ESEE BE Cl
E9FO 59
E9F 1
E9F5
ESF7
E9F9
E9FA
ESFB
B1
BB
BB
59
f3 OOOF
F3
C3
E9FB
E9FB 56
ESFC 53
E9FD 51
FB
E9FE BE 0074 R
AOI BO 01
EA03 8A CA
EA05 81 El DOFF
A09 03 F1
EAOS 02 CO
EAOD 59
EAOE B9 EA6S R
EAll 53
EA 12 84 06 003E R
EA16 75 18
EA 18 DB 06 003E R
EAIC 80 3C 00
EAIF 74 12
EA21 94 07
EA23 E8 ES8A R
EA26 8A E2
EA28 E8 E98A R
EA2B EB EA6F R
EA2E 72 39
EA30 C6 04 00
EA33 8A 04
EA35 2A C5
EA37 74 2C
EA39 84 OF
EA3B EB E98A R
EA3E SA E2
EA40 EB E98A R
EA43 BA E5
EA45 E8 E9BA R
EA4B EB EA6F R
EA4B 9C
EA4C 51
83 12 EA4D
EA4F
EA52
EA52 B9
E8 E984 R
OA
74
E2
FE
EB
59
90
0226
EO
OS
FE
CC
F3
EA55
EAS7
EA59
EASS
EA5D
EASF
EA60
EA61
EA63
72 06
88 2C
EA65 59
EA66
EA66 58
EA67 5E
EA6S C3
EA69 C6 04 FF
EA6C 58
EA6D EB F7
EA6F
A-70 ROM BIOS
BOUND_SETUP
PUSH
HOY
PUSH
HOY
SHR
PROC NEAR
CX
BX, [BP+12]
BX
CL,4
BX, CL
SAVE REG I STERS
GET OFFSET OF BUFFER FROM STACK
SAVE OFFSET TEMPORAR I L Y
SHIFT COUNT
SHIFT OFFSET FOR NEW SEGMENT
VALUE
HOY
ADD
HOY
POP
AND
HOY
HOY
POP
RET
CX,ES
ex, BX
ES, CX
BX
eX,OOOOFH
SI,BX
01, ex
CX
PUT E5 IN REGISTER SUITABLE FOR
ADDING TO
GET NEW VALUE FOR ES
UPDATE THE ES REGISTER
RECOYER ORIGINAL OFFSET
NEW OFFSET
OS 51 POINT AT BUFFER
ES: 01 POINT AT BUFFER
BOUND _SETUP ENDP
SEEK
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE WILL MOVE THE HEAD ON THE NAMED DRIVE
TO TIiE NAMED TRACK. I F THE DR I YE HAS NOT SEEN ACCESSED
SINCE THE DRIYE RESET COMMAND WAS ISSUED, THE DRIVE WILL BE
RECAL 1 BRATED
(DU DRIYE TO SEEK ON
(CH) TRACK TO SEEK TO
OUTPUT
SEEK
J2B:
J29,
J30;
J31:
SEEK
CY =: 0 SUCCESS
CY =: 1 FAILURE -- DISKETTE_STATUS SET ACCORDINGLY
(AX) DESTROYED
PROC NEAR
PUSH 51
PUSH BX
SAVE REG I STER
; SAVE REGISTER
PUSH CX
MOV S I , OFFSET TRACKO ; BASE OF CURRENT HEAD POSITIONS
MOV AL,I ESTABLI SH MASK FOR RECAL
MOV CL,DL ; USE DRIYE AS A SHIFT COUNT
i MASK OFF HIGH BYTE AND CX,OFFH
ADD 51, CX ; POINT SI AT CORRECT DRIVE
; GET MASK FOR DRIVE ROL AL, CL
51 CONTAI NS OFFSET
IN POSITION 0,1 OR
FOR CORRECT DRIVE, AL CONTAINS BIT MASK
2
POP ex RESTORE PARAMETER REGISTER
SET UP ERROR RECOVERY ADDRESS
NEEDED FOR ROUTINE NEC_OUTPUT
TEST DRIYE FOR RECAL
HOY
PUSH
TEST
"NZ
OR
CHP
"Z
HOY
CALL
HOY
CALL
HEAD IS
CALL
"C
HOY
DRIVE 15
HOY
SUB
"Z
HOY
CALL
HOY
CALL
HOY
CALL
CALL
BX, OFFSET J32
BX
SEEK STATUS, AL
J28 -
SEEK_ST ATUS, AL
BYTE PTR[SI], 0
"2B
AH,07H
NEC OUTPUT
AH,DL
NO_REeAL
TURN ON THE NO RECAL BIT I N FLAG
LAST REFERENCED TRACK=O"
YES IGNORE RECAL
RECAll BRATE COMMAND
RECAl REQUIRED ON DRIYE IN DL
NEC OUTPUT , OUTPUT THE DR I VE NUMBER
MOVING TO CORRECT TRACK
CHK STAT 2 GET THE STATUS OF RECALIBRATE
.J32 - 2 - SEEK_ERROR
BYTE PTR[Sl], 0
IN SYNCH WITH CONTROLLER, SEEK TO TRACK
AL, BYTE PTR[SI] GET THE PCN
AL, CH GET SEEK_WAI T VALUE
.J31 1 ALREADY ON CORRECT TRACK
AH,OFH SEEK COMMAND TO NEC
NEC OUTPUT
AH,DL
NEC OUTPUT
AH,CH
NEC OUTPUT
CHK:STAT_2
DR I YE NUMBER
TRACK NUMBER
GET END I NG I NTERRUPT AND SENSE
STATUS
WAIT FOR HEAD SETTLE
PUSHF SAVE STATUS FLAGS
SAVE REGISTER PUSH CX
MOV BL, 18 HEAD SETTLE PARAMETER
CALL GET _PARM
HOY
OR
"Z
LOOP
DEC
"HP
POP
POPF
"C
HOY
POP
POP
POP
RET
HOY
POP
"HP
ENOP
CX,550
AH,AH
"31
"30
AH
"29
CX
.J32 2
BYTE PTR[SIJ,CH
HEAD SETTLE
1 MS-LOOP
TEST FOR T I ME EXP I RED
DELAY FOR I MS
DECREMENT THE COUNT
DO I T SOME MORE
RESTORE REG I 5TER
9X GET RID OF DUMMY RETURN
SEEK ERROR
BX RESTORE REG I STER
51 UPDATE CORRECT
; RETURN TO CALLER
BYTE PTR[SI J, OFFH ; UNKNOWN STATUS ABOUT SEEK
; OPERATION
ax GET RJ D OF DUMMY RETURN
SHORT .J32
EASF
EASF 53
EA70 56
EA71 33 DB
EA73 BE EASS R
EA76 56
EA77 B4 OS
EA79 E8 E98A R
EA7C E8 EAAe R
EA7F 72 10
EAS1 AO 0042 R
EAS4 A8 20
EAS6 75 00
EASB 4B
EAB9 75 EC
EA8B SO OE 0041 R BO
EA90 F9
EA91 5E
EA92 5E
EA93 5B
EA94 C3
EA95 24 CO
EA97 74 FS
EA99 80 DE 0041 R 40
EA9E EB FO
EAAO
EAAD
EAAO FC
EAAI BF 0042 R
EAA4 51
EAA5 52
EAA6 53
EAA7 B3 07
EAAB
EAA9 33 CB
EAAB BA 00F4
EAAE
EAAE EC
EAAF A8 80
EABI 75 OC
EAB3 E2 F9
EAB!5 BO OE 0041 R 80
EABA
EABA F9
EABB 5B
EABC 5A
EABD 59
EABE C3
EASF EC
EACO AB 40
EAC2 75 07
EAC4
EAC4 80 OE 0041 R 20
EAC9 EB EF
EACR
EACB 42
EACC EC
EACD B. 05
EAeF 47
EADO 89 OOOA
EAD3 E2 FE
EADS 4.
EAD6 EC
EAD7 AB 10
EAD9 74 EO
EADS FE C8
EADD 75 C.
EADF ES E3
CHK_STAT_2
INPUT
OUTPUT
THIS ROUTINE HANDL.ES THE INTERRUPT RECEIVED AFTER
A RECALIBRATE, SEEK, OR RESET TO THE ADAPTER.
THE INTERRUPT IS WAITED FOR, THE INTERRUPT STATUS SENSED,
AND THE RESULT RETURNED TO THE CALLER.
NONE
CY = 0 SUCCESS
CY = 1 FAILURE -- ERROR IS IN DISKETTE_STATUS
C AX) DESTROYED
b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
- PUSH 8X SAVE REGISTERS
J34:
J35:
PUSH 51
XOR BX, ax NUMBER OF SENSE I NTERRVPTS TO
ISSUE
MOV
PUSH
HOV
CALL
CALL
JC
HOV
TEST
JNZ
DEC
JNZ
OR
STC
POP
POP
POP
RET
SI , OFFSET J33_3
51
AH,08H
NEC_OUTPUT
RESULTS
J35
AL, NEC_STATUS
AL, SEEK_END
J3!s_1
SET UP DUMMY RETURN FROM
NEC_OUTPUT
PUT ON STACK
SENSE 1 NTERUPT STATUS
ISSVE SENSE I NTERUPT STATUS
NEC TI ME OUT, FLAGS SET IN
RESULTS
GET STATUS
I S SEEK OR RECAL OPERAT I ON DONE?
JUMP IF EXECUTION OF SEEK OR
RECAL DONE
ax DEC LOOP COUNTER
J33_2 ; DO ANOTHER LOOP
DISKETTE_STATUS, TIME_OUT
SI
51
BX
RETURN ERROR INDICATION FOR
; CALLER
; RESTORE REGISTERS
; -----SEEK END HAS OCCURED, CHECK FOR NORMAL TERM I NAT I ON
J3S_1: AND AL, OCOH ; MASK NORMAL TERM I NAT I ON BITS
JZ
OR
JMP
J35 ; JUMP I F NORMAL TERM I NAT I ON
01 SKETTE_STATUS, BAD_SEEk
J34
CHK_STAT_2 EHDP
RESULTS
THIS ROUTINE WILL READ ANYTHING THAT THE NEC CONTROLL.ER
HAS TO SAY FOLLOWING AN INTERRUPT.
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE NEC DATA PORT:::: NEC STATUS PORT -t 1.
INPUT
OUTPUT
NONE
CY :::: 0 SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER
CY = 1 FAILURE -- TIME OUT IN WAITING FOR STATUS
NEC_STATUS AREA HAS STATUS BVTE LOADED INTO IT
AH) DESTROVED
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
CLD
MOV 01, OFFSET NEC_STATUS ; POINTER TO DATA AREA
PUSH CX SAVE COUNTER
PUSH DX
PUSH BX
MOV BL,7 ; MAX STATUS BYTES
; ------ WAIT FOR REQUEST FOR
J3B:
MASTER
INPUT_LOOP
COUNTER XOR cX,ex
HOV OX, NEe_STAT STATUS PORT
J39: WA I T FOR MASTER
IN AL, OX GET STATUS
TEST AL,oaOH MASTER READY
JNZ J40A TEST _D 1 R
LOOP J39 ; WA IT_MASTER
OR DISKETTE_STATUS, TIME_OUT
J40: RESULTS_ERROR
5TC
; ------ RESULT OPERAT I ON
I S DONE' SET ERROR RETURN
..144: POP B)(
POP OX
POP CX
RET
;------ lEST THE DIRECTION BIT
J40A: IN AL,DX
TEST Al, 040H
.JNZ ..142
GET STATUS REG AGAI N
TEST DIRECTION BIT
OK TO READ STATUS
J41:
OR
JHP
; NEC_FAIL
DISKETTE_STATUS, BAD_NEe
; ------ READ
J42:
INC
IN
MOV
INC
MOV
J4J: L.OOP
DEC
IN
TEST
JZ
J40 RESULTS_ERROR
I N THE STATUS
OX
AL, OX
t:on,AL
01
CX,10
J43
OX
AL, OX
AL,010H
J44
INPUT_STAT
POINT AT DATA PORT
GET THE DATA
STORE THE SYTE
I NCREMENT THE PO INTER
LOOP TO KILL TIME FOR NEC
POINT AT STAtUS PORT
GET STATUS
TEST FOR NEC STI LL BUSY
RESULTS DONE
DEC
JNZ
BL
J3.
DECREMENT THE STATUS COUNTER
GO BACt( FOR MORE
JHP J4t CHIP HAS FAIL.ED
ROM BIOS A-71
EAEl
EAE 1 AO 0045 R
EAE4 3A 46 OB
EAE7 AO 0047 R
EAEA 74 07
EAEC B3 08
EAEE E8 E984 R
EAFl SA C4
EAF3 FE CO
EAFS 2A 46 OA
EAFS 88 46 OE
EAFB C3
EAFC
EAFC
EAFC
EAFC 50
EAFD E4 21
EAFF 89 46 10
E802 80 8F
EB04 E6 21
EB06 B E9El R
EB09 58
EBOA C3
E90B
EeOB
E808 52
E80C BO 76
EBOE E6 43
EBI0 50
EBll 58
B12 80 FF
EB14 E6 41
EB16 50
EB17 58
EB18 E6 41
EelA BE 46 10
EBID E4 62
EIUF 24 01
EB21 50
EB22 E4 AO
E824 BO 80
E826 E6 AO
EB28 BB 46 10
EB28 E6 21
EB2D 58
EB2E SA
EB2F F8
E930 C3
EB31
A-72 ROM BIOS
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES THE NUMBER OF SECTORS THAT
WERE ACTUALLY TRANSFERRED TO/FROM THE DISKETTE
(CH) = CYLINDER OF OPERATION
(CL) = START SECTOR OF OPERATION
OUTPUT
(AL) = NUMBER ACTUALLY TRANSFERRED
NO OTHER REGISTERS MODIFIED
NUM TRANS PROC NEAR
- MOV
AL. NEC STATU5+3
AL, [BP+ll1
GET CYLI NOER ENDED UP ON
SAME AS WE STARTEO CMP
MOV
JZ
MOV
CALL
MOV
AL, NEC_STATUS+5
J45
Bl,8
GET PARM
AL. AH
GET END I NG SECTOR
IF ON SAME CYL. THEN NO ADJUST
GET EOT VALUE
INTO AL
J45: INC AL USE EOT+l FOR CALCULATION
SUBTRACT START FROM END SU8
MOV
RET
AL. [BP1+I0
[BP+ 141, Al
NUM TRANS
RESUL TS ENOP
ENDP
D I SABLE
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE WILL DISABLE ALL INTERRUPTS EXCEPT FOR
INTERRUPT 6 SO WATCH DOG TIME OUT CAN OCCUR IN ERROR
COND IT IONS.
NONE
OUTPUT
NONE
01 SABLE
ALL REGISTERS REMAIN INTACT
PUSH
PROC
AX
NEAR
D I SABLE ALL I NTERRUPTS AT
IN AL,lNTAOl
MOV [BP+lS], AX
MOV AL,OBFH
OUT INTA01.AL
CALL BOUND SETUP
POP AX-
RET
THE B253 LEVEL EXCEPT DISKETTE
READ CURRENT MASK
SAVE MASK ON THE SPACE ALLOCATED
ON THE STACK
MASK OFF ALL I NTERRUPTS EXCEPT
DISKETTE
OUTPUT MASK TO THE 8259
SETUP REGI STERS TO ACCESS BUFFER
D I SABLE END P
ENABLE
INPUT
THIS PROC ENABLES ALL INTERRUPTS. IT ALSO SETS THE 8253 TO
THE MODE REQUIRED FOR KEYBOARD DATA DESERIALtZATtON.
BEFORE THE LATCH FOR KEYBOARD DATA 15 RESET. BIT 0 OF THE
8255 I S READ TO DETERHI NE WHETHER ANV KEVSTROKES OCCURED
WHI LE THE SYSTEM WAS MASKED OFF
NONE
OUTPUT
AL=l MEANS A KEY WAS STRUCK DURING DISKETTE I/O. (OR NOISE
ON THE LINE)
AL=O MEANS THAT NO KEV WAS PRESSED.
AX IS DESTROYED. ALL OTHER REGISTERS REMAIN INTACT.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ENABLE
PUSH OX i SAVE OX
RETURN TIHERl TO STATE NEEDED FOR KEYBOARD t /0
HOV AL, Oll10110B
OUT Tt M_eTL, AL
PUSH AX
POP
HOV
OUT
PUSH
POP
OUT
CHECK
MOV
IN
AND
PUSH
ENABLE
IN
MOV
OUT
ENABLE
MOV
OUT
POP
POP
STI
RET
AX
AL.OFFH
TlMER+l, AL
AX
AX
TI MER+ 1, AL
I F ANY KEVSTROKES
E5. [BP+161
AL,62H
AL. 0 lH
AX
NM I INTERRUPTS
WAIT FOR 8253 TO INITIALIZE
I T5ELF
INITIAL VALUE FOR 8253
LSB
WAIT
M5B
OCCURED DURING DISKETTE TRANSFER
GET OR I G I NAL ES VALUE FROM THE
STACK
READ PORT C OF 8255
BIT=l MEANS KESTROKE HAS OCCUR ED
SAVE I T ON THE STACK
AL, NMI_PORT RESET LATCH
AL. BOH MASK TO ENABLE NMI
NM J _PORT, AL ; ENABLE NM I
ALL INTERRUPTS WHICH WERE ENABLED BEFORE TRANSFER
AX, [BP+161 GET MASK FROM THE STACK
INTAOl, AL
AX
OX
ENDP
; PASS BACK KEY STROKE FLAG
E831
E831 32 CO
EBJ3 E6 43
EB35 50
EB36 58
E837 E4 40
EB39 86 C4
EB38 E4 40
EBJD 8S C4
EB3F 3D 012C
EB42 72 ED
EB44 C3
E845
E845
E845 51
E846 8A 4E 00
E849 BO 01
EB48 02 EO
EB4D 24 07
EB4F 5.
EB50 C3
EB51
E851
E851 2B F6
E953 2A CO
EB55 8A 67 02
E85B OlEO
EeSA 50
E8SB 81 FA 0000
E85F 9C
EB60 81 04
862 03 EB
E864 03 DO
E966 90
E867 59
EB68 52
EB69 7C 07
EBSB
ES6E
EB70
E872
E875
E877
fB7A
EB7C
87E
EB80
EBS2
EB84
EB87
EBSS
EBBB
EBSE
E891
E893
E996
E996
E899
E99B
8 FE71 R
74 28
E8 OS
8 FEEB R
74 24
BA 1626
94 02
B7 07
CD 10
BC DA
8A C6
EB 18.0.9 R
SA DE
97 25
80 FE DO
8E 0038 R
70 03
BE 003A R
EB 09BC R
EB 16
E89B Be ---- R
EB9E 8E
E8AO
EBA7
EBAC
26:
26,
26,
CO
C7 06 0014 R 0003
ac IE 0016 R
FF IE 0014 R
;
THIS PROCEDURE IS CALLED WHEN THE TIME OF DAV
IS BEING UPDATED. IT WAlTS IF TIMERO IS ALMOST
READV TO WRAP UNTI L IT I S SAFE TO READ AN ACCURATE
TI MERl
; INPUT
OUTPUT NONE
NONE. AX IS DESTROVED.
CLOCK_WAIT
XOR
OUT
PUSH
POP
IN
XCHG
IN
XCHG
CHP
Je
RET
CLOCK_WAIT
PROC NEAR
AL, AL
TIM_CTL, AL
AX
AX
AL, TI MERO
AL, AH
AL, T1 HERO
AL. AH
AX, THRESHOLD
CLOCK_WAIT
ENDP
READ MODE TIMERO FOR 8253
OUTPUT TO THE 8253
WAlT FOR 8253 TO INITIALIZE
ITSELF
READ LEAST SIGNIFICANT BVTE
SAVE IT
READ HOST SIGNIFICANT BVTE
REARRANGE FOR PROPER ORDER
IS TI MERO CLOSE TO WRAPPI NG?
JUMP IF CLOCK IS WITHIN THRESHOLD
OK TO READ TIMERl
------------------------------------------------------------------
i GET_DRIVE
THIS ROUTINE WILL CALCULATE A BIT MASK FOR THE DRIVE WHICH
IS SELECTED BV THE CURRENT I NT 13 CALL. THE DR I VE SELECTED
CORRESPONDS TO THE BIT IN THE MASK, I.E. DRIVE ZERO
CORRESPONDS TO BIT ZERO AND A 01H IS RETURNED. THE 8IT IS
CALCULATED BV ACCESSING THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO INT 13
WHI CH WERE SAVED ON THE STACK.
; INPUT
BVTE PTR[BP] MUST POINT TO DRIVE FOR SELECTION
AL CONTAINS THE BIT MASK. ALL OTHER REGISTERS ARE INTACT
GET_DRIVE PROC NEAR
PUSH ex SAVE REGI STER.
MOV eL, BVTE PTR[BPJ GET OR 1 VE NUMBER
MOV AL,l INITIALIZE AL WITH VALUE FOR
SHIFTI NG
SHL AL, CL SHIFT BIT POSITION BV DRIVE
NUMBER (DRIVE IN RANGE 0-2)
AND AL,07H ONLY THREE DRIVES ARE SUPPORTED
RANGE CHECK
POP ex RESTORE REGI STERS
RET
GET_DRIVE ENDP
THIS ROUTINE CHECKS OPTIONAL ROM MODULES (CHECKSUM
; FOR MODULES FROM COOOO-)DOOOO, CRe CHECK FOR CARTRIDGES
; (00000- )FOOOO)
; IF CHECK 15 OK, CALLS INIT/TEST CODE IN MODULE
MFG ERROR CODE= 25XX (XX=MSB OF SEGMENT IN ERROR)

- SUB 51,51 SET SI TO POINT TO BEGINNING
SU8
MOV
SHL
PUSH
CHP
PUSHF
MOV
SHR
.00
POPF
POP
PUSH
JL
CALL
JZ
JHP
CALL
JZ
MOV
MOV
MOV
INT
MOV
MOV
CALL
MOV
MOV
CHP
MOV
JGE
MOV
ROM CHECK o
- CALL
JMP
ROM_CHECK_I:
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
CALL
AL, AL
AH, [8X+2]
AX,l
AX
OX,ODOOOH
CL,4
AX, CL
OX, AX
CRC_CHECK
ROM_CHECK_l
SHORT ROM 2
ROS CHECKSUM
ROM-CHECK 1
OX,1626H -
AH,2
BH,7
10H
OX, OS
AL,DH
(REL TO OS)
ZERO OUT AL
GET LENGTH I NO I CATOR
FORM COUNT
SAVE COUNT
SEE IF POINTER IS BELOW 0000
SAVE RESULTS
ADJUST
SET PO I NTER TO NEXT MODULE
RECOVER FLAGS FROM POINTER RANGE
CHECK
RECOVER COUNT IN CX REGI STER
SAVE POINTER
DO ARI THMETI C CHECKSUM I F BELOW
00000
DO CRe CHECK
PROCEED I F OK
ELSE POST ERROR
DO ARI THMETI C CHECKSUM
PROCEED 1 F OK
POSITION CURSOR, ROW 22, COL 39
RECOVER DATA SEG
XPC BVTE DISPLAY MSB OF DATA SEG
BL, DH FORM XX VALUE OF ERROR CODE
BH,25H FORM 25 PORTION
DH,ODOH , IN CARTRIDGE SPACE?
51 , OFFSET CART_ERR
ROM_CHECK_O ,
51, OFFSET ROM_ERR
E_MSG ; GO ERROR ROUT I NE
SHORT ROM_CHECK_END ; AND EXIT
AX, XXDATA ; SET ES TO POINT TO XXDATA AREA
ES, AX ;
ES: I O_ROM_INI T, 0003H ; LOAD OFFSET
ES: 10_ROM_SEG, OS ; LOAD SEGMENT
DWORD PTR ES: I O_ROM_INlT ; CALL INtT. /TEST ROUTINE
ROM BIOS A-73
EBBl
EBB 1 5A
EBB2 C3
EBB3
EC59
EC59
EC59 FB
ECSA 06
EC5B 50
EC5C 50
ECSD 50
EC5E 53
ECSF 51
EC60 lE
EC61 56
C62 57
EC63 55
EC64 52
EC65 BB EC
EC67 E8 1388
ECSA E8 EC90
C60 B3 04
EC6F EB E984 R
EC72 88 26 0040 R
Ee76 8A 26 0041 R
EC7A B8 66 OF
EC7D 5A
EC7E 50
EC7F 5F
ECBO 5E
EC81 IF
EC82 59
ECB3 58
EC84 58
ECBS 83 C4 04
ECa8 07
ECag 80 Fe 01
EC8C F5
EcaD CA 0002
A-74 ROM BIOS
ROM CHECK END
- POP OX ; RECOVER POINTER
RET ; RETURN TO CALLER
ROM CHECK ENDP
i ---INT 13 --------------------------------------------------------
DISKETTE I/O
THIS INTERFACE PROVIDES ACCESS TO THE 5 1/4" DISKETTE DRIVES
INPUT
(AH)=O RESET DISKETTE SYSTEM
HARD RESET TO NEe, PREPARE COMMAND, RECAL REQO ON
ALL DRIVES
(AH)=l READ THE STATUS OF THE SYSTEM INTO (AL)
DISKETTE_STATUS FROM LAST OP'N IS USED
REGI STERS FOR READ/WRI TE/VERI FY /FORMAT
(DLl - DRI \IE NUMBER (0-3 ALLOWED, VALUE CHECKED)
COH) - HEAD NUMBER (0-1 ALLOWED, NOT VALUE CHECKED)
(CHI - TRACK NUMBER (0-39, NOT VALUE CHECKED)
(CLl - SECTOR NUMBER (1-8, NOT VALUE CHECKED, NOT USED FOR
FORMAT)
CAL) - NUMBER OF SECTORS ( MAX = B, NOT VALUE CHECKED, NOT
USED FOR FORMAT, HOWEVER, CANNOT BE ZERO!!!)
(ES:BX) - ADDRESS OF BUFFER ( NOT REQUIRED FOR VERIFY>
(AH);;;2 READ THE DESIRED SECTORS INTO MEMORY
(AHI;;;3 WRITE THE DESIRED SECTORS FROM MEMORY
(AH1=4 VERIFY THE DESIRED SECTORS
(AH)=5 FORMAT THE DESIRED TRACK
FOR THE FORMAT OPERATION, THE BUFFER POINTER
(ES,BX) MUST POINT TO THE COLLECTION OF DESIRED
ADDRESS FIELDS FOR THE TRACK. EACH FIELD IS
COMPOSED OF 4 BYTES, (C,H,R,Nl, WHERE
C = TRACK NUMBER, H=HEAD NUMBER, R = SECTOR NUMBER,
N= NUMBER OF BYTES PER SECTOR (00= 12B, 01=256,
02=512, 03=1024,). THERE MUST BE ONE ENTRY FOR
EVERY SECTOR ON THE TRACK. THIS INFORMATION IS USED
TO FIND THE REQUESTED SECTOR DURING READ/WRITE
ACCESS.
DATA VARIABLE -- DISK_POINTER
DOUBLE WORD POINTER TO THE CURRENT SET OF DISKETTE PARAMETERS
OUTPUT
AH = STATUS OF OPERATION
STATUS BITS ARE DEFINED IN THE EQUATES FOR
DISKETTE STATUS VARIABLE IN THE DATA SEGMENT OF
THIS MODULE
CY = 0 SUCCESSFUL OPERATION (AH=O ON RETURN>
CY = 1 FAILED OPERATION (AH HAS ERROR REASON)
FOR READ/WRITE/VERIFY
DS, BX, OX, CH, CL PRESERVED
AL ;;; NUMBER OF SECTORS ACTUALLY READ
*It** AL MAY NOT BE CORRECT [F TI ME OUT ERROR OCCURS
NOTE: I F AN ERROR I S REPORTED BY THE 0 ISKETTE CODE, THE
APPROPRIATE ACTION IS TO RESET THE DISKETTE, THEN
RETRY THE OPERATION. ON READ ACCESSES, NO MOTOR
START DELAY IS TAKEN, SO THAT THREE RETRIES ARE
REQUIRED ON READS TO ENSURE THAT THE PROBLEM IS NOT
DUE TO MOTOR START-UP
ASSUME
ORG
DISKETTE 10
STI
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
CALL
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
MOV
MOV
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
ADD
POP
CMP
CMC
RET
CS: CODE, 05: DATA, ES: DATA
OEC59H
PROC FAR
ES
AX
AX
AX
BX
ex
os
51
01
BP
OX
BP, SP
DDS
JI
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
SAVE ES
ALLOCATE ONE WORD OF STORAGE FOR
TIMER1 INITIAL VALUE
ALLOCATE ONE WORD ON STACK FOR
USE IN PROCS ENABLE AND 0 I SABLE.
WI LL HOLD B259 MASK.
SAVE COMMAND AND N_SECTORS
SAVE ADDRESS
SAVE SEGMENT REG I STER VALUE
SAVE ALL REGISTERS DURING
OPERATI ON
SET UP PO 1 NTER TO HEAD PARM
SET DS=DATA
CALL THE REST TO ENSURE OS
RESTORED
BL,4 GET THE MOTOR WAIT PARAMETER
GET PARM
MOTOR_COUNT, AH ; SET THE TI MER COUNT FOR THE MOTOR
AH, DISKETTE_STATUS GET STATUS OF OPERAT ION
[BP+15J, AH ; RETURN STATUS IN AL
OX RESTORE ALL REGISTERS
BP
01
51
OS
CX
BX
AX
SP,4
ES
AH,l
RECOVER OFFSET
DISCARD DUMMY SPACE FOR B259 MASK
RECOVER SEGMENT
SET THE CARRV FLAG TO I ND 1 CATE
SUCCESS OR FAt LURE
THROW AWAY SAVED FLAGS
EC90
EC90
EC90 BA FO
EC92 BO 26 003F R 7F
EC97 OA E4
EC99 74 .7
EC9B FE CC
EC9D 7. 74
EC9F C6 06 0041 R 00
ECA4 BO FA 02
ECA7 77 13
ECA9 FE CC
ECAB 74 60
ECAD FE CC
ECAF 75 03
ECB1 E9 ED 3D R
ECB4
ECB4 FE CC
ECBS 74 62
ECBa FE CC
ECBA 74 62
ECBC
ECBC C6 06 0041 R 01
EeCl C3
ECC2
ECC2
ECC2 SA 00F2
ECC5 FA
ECC6 AD D03F R
Ece9 24 07
Ecca EE
ECCC C6 06 003E R 00
ECD1 C6 06 0041 R 00
ECDS OC 80
ECDS EE
ECD9 FB
ECDA BE ECFA R
ECOD 56
ECDE B9 0010
ECE1 B4 08
ECE3 E8 E98A R
ECEG E8 EAAO R
ECE9 AD 0042 R
ECEC 3C CO
ECEE 7. 12
ECFO E. EF
ECF2 BO DE 0041 R 20
ECF7 SE
EeF8 EB 18
ECFA BE ECFA R
[CFD 56
ECFE E2 E1
EDOO EB FO
ED02 SE
ED03 B4 03
E005 E8 E98A R
E008 93 01
EDOA E8 E9B4 R
EDOD B3 03
EDOF EB E9B4 R
E012
ED12 C3
E013
ED13
E013 AD 0041 R
ED16 a8 46 DE
ED 19 C3
EDIA
ED 1A
EDIA
EDIA
ED lA 94 46
EDIC EB 26
ED IE
EDIE
EDIE 80 DE DoaF R 80
ED23 B4 40
E025 EB 10
DISKETTE 10
Jl PROC
J2:
J3:
NOV
AND
OR
JZ
DEC
JZ
NOV
CMP
JA
DEC
JZ
DEC
JNZ
JMP
DEC
JZ
DEC
JZ
MOV
RET
J1 ENOP
; ------ RESET
DISK_RESET
MOV
CLl
MOV
AND
OUT
MOV
MOV
OR
OUT
5TJ
MOV
PUSH
MOV
CALL
MOV
CMP
JZ
LOOP
J4_1: OR
POP
JMP
J4_2: MOV
~ :
J8:
PUSH
LOOP
JMP
SEND
POP
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
RET
ENDP
NEAR
DH, AL ; SAVE. SECTORS IN DH
MOTOR_STATUS,07FH i INDICATE A READ OPERATION
AH, AH AH=O
DISK_RESET
AH ; AH=l
01 SK_ST ATUS
DISKETTE_STATUS,O ; RESET THE STATUS INDICATOR
DL,2 TEST FOR DRIVE IN 0-2 RANGE
J3 ERROR I F ABOVE
AH AH=2
DISK READ
AH -
J2
DISK_WRITE
AH
01 SK_VERF
AH
DISK_FORMAT
AH=3
TEST_DISK_VERF
TEST_DI SK_VERF
AH=4
AH=5
; BAD_COMMAND
DJ SKETTE_STATUS, BAD_CHO ; ERROR CODE, NO SECTORS
; TRANSFERRED
; UNDEFINED OPERATION
THE 0 I SKETTE SYSTEM
PROC NEAR
OX, NEC_CTL ADAPTER CONTROL PORT
NO INTERRUPTS
Al, MOTOR_STATUS FIND OUT I F MOTOR IS RUNNI NG
AL,07H DRIVE BITS
DX, AL RESET THE ADAPTER
SEEK_STATUS, 0 ; SET RECAL REQUIRED ON ALL DRIVES
DISKETTE_STATUS,O ; SET OK STATUS FOR DISKETTE
AL, FDC_RESET TURN OFF RESET
DX, AL TURN OFF THE RESET
eX,lOH
REENABLE THE INTERRUPTS
DUMMY RETURN FOR
PUSH RETURN I F ERROR
IN NEC_OUTPUT
NUMBER OF SENSE I NTERRUPTS TO
ISSUE
COMMAND FOR SENSE INTERRUPT
STATUS
OUTPUT THE SENSE INTERRUPT
STATUS
RESUL TS GET STATUS FOLLOW I NG COMPLET I ON
OF RESET
AL, NEC_STATUS IGNORE ERROR RETURN AND DO OWN
TEST
AL,OCOH TEST FOR DRIVE READY TRANSITION
.J7 EVERYTH 1 NG OK
.J4_0 ; RETRY THE COMMAND
DISKETTE_STATUS,BAD_NEC i SET ERROR CODE
51
SHORT .JB
51
.J4_0
SHORT J4_1
SPEC I FY COMMAND
51
AH,03H
NEC OUTPUT
BL, l'
GET_PARM
BL.3
GET_PARM
NEC_OUTPUT FAI LED, RETRV THE
SENSE INTERRUPT
OFFSET OF BAD RETURN t N
NEC OUTPUT
RETRY
TO NEC
GET RID OF DUMMY ARGUMENT
SPEC I FY COMMAND
OUTPUT THE COMMAND
STEP RATE TIME AND HEAD UNLOAD
OUTPUT TO THE NEC CONTROLLER
PARM 1 HEAD LOAD AND NO DMA
TO THE NEC CONTROLLER
RESET_RET
RETURN TO CALLER
DISK_RESET ENDP
;------ DISKETTE STATUS ROUTINE
01 SK_ST AlUS PRoe NEAR
MOV AL, 0 I SKETTE_STATUS
MOV BYTE PTR[BP+141. AL i PUT STATUS ON STACK, IT WILL
; POP IN AL
RET
DISK_STATUS ENOP
; ------ DISKETTE YER I FY
01 SK_VERF LABEL NEAR
; ------ 0 I SKETTE READ
DISK_READ PROC NEAR
J9:
MOV AH,046H
JMP SHORT RW OPN
DISK_READ ENDP-
; ------ DISKETTE FORMAT
DISK_FORMAT PROC NEAR
DISK READ CONT
SET UP READ COMMAND FOR NEC
CONTROLLER
GO DO THE OPERATJON
OR MOTOR_STATUS,80H j INDICATE A WRITE OPERATION
MOV AH.04DH ; ESTABLI SH THE FORMAT COMMAND
.JMP SHORT RW_OPN ; 00 THE OPERATION
ROM BIOS A-75
ED27
ED27 83 07
ED29 E8 E984 R
ED2C 83 09
ED2E E8 E984 R
ED31 83 OF
ED33 E8 E984 R
ED36 BB 0011
ED39 53
ED3A E9 EDCD R
ED3D
ED 3D
ED3D 80 OE 003F R 80
ED42 84 45
ED44
ED44
ED44 50
ED45 51
ED46 FA
ED47 C6 06 0040 R FF
ED4C E8 EB45 R
ED4F 84 06 003F R
ED53 75 IF
EDS5 80 26 003F R FO
EDSA 08 06 003F R
ED5E FB
ED5F OC 80
ED61 E6 F2
063 83 14
ED65 E8 E9B4 R
EDS8 OA E4
EDGA
EDSA 74 DB
ED6C 28 C9
EDSE E2 FE
E070 FE CC
ED72 EB FG
ED74
ED74 FB
ED7!5 59
E076 E8 E9FB R
ED79 5B
ED7A SA FC
EDJC 86 00
ED7E 73 03
ED80 E9 EE07
ED83 8E EED7
E086 56
ED87 EB E98A R
ED8A 8A 6& 01
EDaD DO E4
EoaF DO E4
ED91 SO E4 04
ED94 OA E2
E096 E8 ES8A R
ED99 80 FF .0
ED9C 75 02
ED9E E8 87
EOAO 8A E6
EDA2 EB E98A R
ED AS 8A 68 01
EDAB EB E98A R
EDAB 8A El
ED AD 8 ESBA R
EDBO 83 07
EDB2 EB E9B4 R
EDB5 B3 DB
EDB7 EB E984 R
EDBA 02 4E DE
EDBD FE C9
E08F 8A El
EDCl Ea E9BA R
EDC4 83 OB
EDC6 EB E9B4 R
EDC9 98 0000
EDCC .3
A-76 ROM BIOS
JI0:
MaY BL,7
CAll GET PARM
MOY eL, i
CALL GET _PARM
MOV Bl, 15
CAll GET_PARM
MOV BX,17
PUSH ax
JMP JIG
CONTI NUATI ON OF RW_OPN FOR FMT
GET THE
BVTES/SECTOR VALUE TO NEC
GET THE
SECTORS/TRACK VALUE TO NEC
GET THE
GAP LENGTH VALUE TO NEC
GET THE FI LLER BVTE
SAVE PARAMETER INDEX ON STACK
TO THE CONTROLLER
DISK_FORMAT ENDP
j ------ DISKETTE WRITE ROUTI NE
DISK_WRITE PROC NEAR
OR MOTOR_STATUS, BaH; INDICATE A WRITE OPERATION
MOY AH,045H i NEC COMMAND TO WRITE TO DISKETTE
DISK_WRITE ENOP
; ----- ALLOW WRITE ROUTINE TO FALL INTO RW_OPN
~ ~ ~ : ~ ; ~
THIS ROUTINE PERFORMS THE READ/WRITE/VERIFV OPERATION
; ---------------------------------------
RW OPN PROC NEAR
- PUSH AX ; SAVE THE COMMAND
; ------ TURN ON THE MOTOR AND SELECT THE DRI VE
PUSH CX ; SAVE THE T /S PARMS
CLI
HOY
CALL
TEST
JNZ
AND
OR
STI
; NO INTERRUPTS WHILE DETERMINING
; MOTOR STATUS
MOTOR_COUNT,OFFH i SET LARGE COUNT DURING OPERATION
GET_DRIVE ; GET THE DRIVE PARAMETER FROM THE
; STACK
MOTOR_STATUS, AL ; TEST MOTOR FOR OPERATING
J14 ; IF RUNNING, SKIP THE WAIT
MDTOR_STATUS,OFOH i TURN OFF RUNNING DRIVE
MOTOR_STATUS, AL ; TURN ON THE CURRENT MOTOR
; I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
OR AL, FOC_RESET ; NO RESET. TURN ON MOTOR
OUT NEC_CTl, AL
; ------ WAIT FOR MOTOR BOTH READ AND WRITE
MOV BL, 20 GET MOTOR START TIME
CALL GET _PARM
OR AH, AH
J12:
JZ Jl.
SUB CX,CX
J13: lOOP J13
DEC AH
JMP J12
J14:
STI
POP CX
;------ DO THE SEEK OPERATION
CALL SEEK
POP AX
MaY BH, AH
MOY DH. a
JNC
JMP
HOY
PUSH
J17
SI,OFFSET J17
51
TEST FOR NO WAIT
TEST WAIT TI ME
EXIT-WITH-TIME EXPIRED
SET UP 1/8 SECOND LOOP TIME
WAIT FOR THE REQUIRED TIME
DECREMENT TI ME YALUE
ARE WE DONE VET
MOTOR RUNNING
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON FOR BYPASS
WAIT
MOVE TO CORRECT TRACK
RECOVER COMMAND
SAVE COMMAND IN BH
SET NO SECTORS READ I N CASE OF
ERROR
I F NO ERROR CONTI NUE, JUMP AROUND
JHP
CARRY SET JUMP TO MOTOR WA IT
DUMMY RETURN ON STACK FOR
NEC_OUTPUT
SO THAT I T WILL RETURN TO MOTOR
; OFF LOCATION
i ------ SEND OUT THE PARAMETERS TO THE CONTROLLER
CALL NEC_OUTPUT OUTPUT THE OPERATION COMMAND
MOV AH, [BP+ 11 GET THE CURRENT HEAD NUMBER
SAL AH,I MOVE IT TO BIT 2
SAL AH.l
AND AH,4 I SOlATE THAT BIT
OR AH, DL OR IN THE DRIYE NUMBER
CALL NEC_OUTPUT
; ------ TEST FOR FORMAT COMMAND
J15:
eMP BH,04DH
JNE J15
JMP JI0
HOY AH, CH
CALL NEC_OUTPUT
HOY AH, [BP+11
CALL NEC_OUTPUT
MOV AH, CL
CALL NEC_OUTPUT
MOY Bl,7
CALL GET _PARM
MOY Bl, B
CALL GET PARM
ADD CL. [BP+141
DEC
HOY
CALL
HOY
CALL
HOY
PUSH
CC
AH, CL
NEe OUTPUT
BL,11
GET PARM
8X,13
BX
IS THI S A FORMAT OPERATI ON?
NO. CONTINUE WITH R/W/V
IF SO, HANDLE SPECIAL
CYlI NOER NUMBER
HEAD NUMBER FROM STACK
SECTOR NUMBER
BYTES/SECTOR PARM FROM BLOCK
TO THE NEC
EDT PARM FROM BLOCK
RETURNED IN AH
ADD CURRENT SECTOR TO NUMBER IN
TRANSFER
CURRENT SECTOR + N SECTORS - 1
EDT PARAMETER IS THE CALCULATED
ONE
GAP LENGTH PARM FROM BLOCK
TO THE NEC
DTL PARM FRO" BLOCK
SAVE I NDEX TO DISK PARAMETER ON
STACK
ED CD FC
EDCE 80 70
EDDO E6 43
EDD2 50
EDD3 58
EDD4 80 FF
EDD6 E6 41
EDDB 50
EDD9 58
EODA E6 41
EDDC 8A 46 OF
EDOF A801
EOE1 74 05
EDE3 89 EE4E R
EDE6 EB DC
EDE8 3C 02
EDEA 75 05
EDEC 89 EE3A R
EOEF EB 03
EDF1 B9 EE20 R
EDF4
EDF4 80 10
EDF6 E6 AD
EDFS E8 EB31 R
EDFB EB EB45 R
EDFE BA 00F2
EE01 OC EO
EE03 EE
EE04 24 A7
E06 EE
EE07 BA 00F4
EEOA BO 20
EEOC E6 AO
0 8 81A R
EEll B9 46 12
E14 E8 EAFC R
EE17 58
EEIB E8 E9B4 R
EEIB 58
EEIC 06
EEID 1F
EEIE FF El
E20
EE20 EC
EE21 AS 20
E23 74 Fa
EE25
EE25 A8 80
EE27 75 07
E29 EC
EE2A AB 20
EE2C 75 F7
EE2E EB 35
E30 42
EE31 EC
EE32 4A
E33 EC
EE34 AS 2Q
36 75 EO
EE38 EB 28
J16: CLO ; FORWARD DIRECTION
; ------ START TIMER1 WITH INITIAL VALUE OF FFFF
HOY AL,01110000B SELECT TIMER1,LS8-MSB, MODE 0,
OUT
PUSH
POP
MOV AL,OFFH
OUT TI MER+ I, AL
PUSH AX
BI NARY COUNTER
INITIALIZE THE COUNTER
ALLOW ENOUGH T I ME FOR THE 8253 TO
I N IT I ALI ZE ITSELF
I NITI AL COUNT VALUE FOR THE 8253
OUTPUT LEAST SIGNIFICANT BVTE
POP AX WAIT
OUT TIMER+l, AL ; OUTPUT MOST SIGNIFACNT BVTE
; ------INITIALIZE CX FOR JUMP AFTER LAST PARAMETER IS PASSED TO NEC
MOV AL, [BP+151 ; RETRI EVE COMMAND PARAMETER
TEST AL, 01H ; IS THIS AN ODD NUMBERED FUNCTI ON?
JZ J 16_1 i JUMP I F NOT ODD NUMBERED
MOV CX, OFFSET WRITE_LOOP
.JMP SHORT J 16_3
J16_1: CMP AL,2 ; IS THIS A READ?
JNZ J16_2 ; JUMP IF VERIFY
MOY ex, OFFSET READ_LOOP
JMP SHORT J 16 3
J16_2: MOV CX,OFFSET-VERIFY_LOOP
; ------FlNISH INITIALIZATION
J16_3:
~ ; ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ;
; ALL I NTERRUPTS ARE ABOUT TO BE 0 I SABLED. THERE I S A POTENTI AL
THAT THIS TIME PERIOD WILL BE LONG ENOUGH TO MISS TIME OF
DAY INTERRUPTS. FOR THIS REASON, TIMERI WILL BE USED TO
KEEP TRACK OF THE NUMBER OF TIME OF DAY INTERRUPTS WHICH
WILL BE MISSED. THIS INFORMATION IS USED AFTER THE DISKETTE
OPERATION TO UPDATE THE 11 ME OF DAY.
HOY
OUT
CALL
AL,10H
NM I _PORT, AL
CLOCK_WAIT
; ------ ENABLE WATCHDOG TIMER
DISABLE NMI
i NO KEVBOARD INTERRUPT
; WAIT IF TlMERO IS ABOUT TO
i INTERRUPT
; ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ;
GIVEN THE CURRENT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION A METHOD IS NEEDED
TO PULL THE NEC OUT OF "FATAL ERROR" SITUATIONS. A TIMER
ON THE ADAPTER CARD IS PROVIDED WHICH WILL PERFORM THIS
FUNCTION. THE WATCHDOG TIMER ON THE ADAPTER CARD IS ENABLED
AND STROBED BEFORE THE 8259 INTERRUPT 6 LI HE I S ENABLED.
THIS IS BECAUSE OF A GLITCH ON THE LINE LARGE ENOUGH TO
TRIGGER AN INTERRUPT.
CALL GET_DRIVE ; GET BIT MASI< FOR DRIVE
MOV ox, NEC_CTL i ceNTROL PORT TO NEC
OR AL, FDC_RESET+WD_ENABLE+WD_STROBE
OUT ox, AL ; OUTPUT CONTROL INFO FOR
; WATCHDOG(WD) ENABLE
AND AL, FDC_RESET+WD_ENABLE+7H
OUT OX, AL OUTPUT CONTROL INFO TO STROBE
WATCHDOG
MOV OX, NEC_STAT PORT TO NEC STATUS
MOV AL, 20H SELECT TI MER 1 I NPUT FROM T I MERO
OUTPUT
OUT NMI_PORT, AL
; ------ READ TIMERl NOW AND SAVE THE INITIAL VALUE
CALL READ_TIME ; GET TIMERI VALUE
MaY [BP+IB1, AX ; SAVE INITIAL VALUE FOR CLOCK
i UPDATE IN TEMPORAV STORAGE
CALL 0 I SABLE ; DISABLE ALL INTERRUPTS
; ------ NEC BEGINS OPERATION WHEN NEe RECEIVES LAST PARAMETER
POP BX GET PARAMTER FROM STACK
CALL GET _PARM OUTPUT LAST PARAMETER TO THE NEC
POP AX CAN NOW DISCARD THAT DUMMV RETURN
ADDRESS
PUSH
POP
JHP
ES
DS
CX
INITIALIZE OS FOR WRITE
JUMP TO APPROPRIATE R/W/V LOOP
~ ; ; ; ~ ~ ; ; ; ; ;
DATA IS TRANSFERRED USING POLLING ALGORITHMS. THESE LOOPS
TRANSFER A DATA BYTE AT A TIME WHILE POl..LING THE NEC FOR
NEXT DATA BVTE AND COMPLETION STATUS.
; : : : : ~ ; ; ; ; ; ~ ; ; ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~
VERIFY_LOOP:
IN AL, ox READ STATUS
TEST AL,BUSY_BIT HAS NEC ENTERED EXECUTION PHASE
JZ VERIFY_LOOP
TEST AL, RQH
JNZ J22 4
IN AL,DX
TEST AL, BUSY_BI T
JNZ J22_2
JHP SHORT OP _END
INC DX
IN AL, OX
DEC DX
IN AL,DX
TEST AL, BUSY_BIT
JNZ J22_2
JHP SHORT OP _END
YET?
NO, CONTINUE SAMPLING
IS DATA READY?
JUMP IF DATA TRANSFER IS READY
READ STATUS PORT
ARE WE DONE?
JUMP I F MORE TRANSFERS
TRANSFER DONE
POINT AT NEe DATA REGISTER
READ DATA
POINT AT NEe STATUS REGISTER
READ STATUS PORT
ARE WE DONE?
CONTINUE
WE ARE DONE
ROM BIOS A-77
EE3A
EE3A EC
EE3B AS 20
EE3D 74 FB
EE3F EC
EE40 A8 20
42
EE44
EE46
EE48
EE49
EE4A
EE4B
EE4C
EE4E
EE4E
EE4F
74 21
A8 80
74 F7
.2
Ee
AA
.A
fB F 1
Ee
AS 20
EE51
EE53
EE56
EE56
EE57
74 FB
89 2080
Ee
84 C5
EE59 74 OA
EE58 84 Cl
EE50 74 F7
EE5F 42
EESO AC
EE61 EE
EE62 4A
EE63 EB F 1
EE65 SC
EE66 E8 E845 R
EE69 OC 80
EE6B SA OOF2
EE6E EE
EE6F E8 1388 R
EE72 ES EB31 R
EE75 ES ES lA R
EE78 88 5E 12
EE78 28 C3
EE7D F7 08
EE7F 50
EE80 01 06 OOSC R
EE84 73 04
EEBS
EEBA
EESF
EE91
EES7
FF 06 006E R
83 3E 006E R 18
75 19
81 3E COSC R OOBO
7C 11
EE99
EESF
C7 06 006E R 0000
81 2E aosc R 0080
EEA5 C6 06 0070 R 01
EEAA E8 EBOB R
EEAO 59
EEAE E3 26
EEBO IE
EEBI 50
EEB2 52
EEB3
EEB3 CD lC
EEBS E2 FC
EEB7 5A
EEBB 58
EEB9 IF
EEBA OA CO
EEBC 74 18
EEBE B8 0080
EECI 89 0049
EEC4 E8 035 R
A-78 ROM BIOS
; -----REAO OPERATION
READ_LOOP:
IN AL,OX
TEST AL, BUSY _BI T
JZ
J22_5: IN
TEST
JZ
TEST
JZ
INe
IN
STOSB
DEe
JHP
; -----WR I TE AND
WR I TE_LOOP:
READ LOOP
AL,DX
AL, BUSY_BI T
OP _END
AL, RQM
J22_5
ox
AL, OX
DX
J22 5
FORMAT OPERATION
READ STATUS REGISTER
HAS NEC STARTED THE EXECUTION
PHASE?
HAS NOT STATRED YET
READ STATUS PORT
HAS NEC COMPLETED EXECUT I ON
PHASE?
JUMP IF EXECUT ION PHASE I S OVER
I S DATA READY?
READ THE DATA
f'OINT AT NEC DATA
READ DATA -
TRANSFER DATA
POINT AT NEC STATUS
CONTINUE WITH READ OPERATION
IN
TEST
AL, ox READ NEC STATUS PORT
AL,9USY_BIT HAS THE NEC ENTERED EXECUTION
PHASE YET?
JZ
HDV
WRITE_LOOP , NO, CONTINUE LOOPING
ex, BUSY_Bt T*256+RQM
IN
TEST
AL, ox
AL, CH
JZ OP _END
TEST AL, CL
JZ J22_7
INC OX
Loose
OUT ox, AL
DEC OX
JMP J22_7
i ------TRANSFER PROCESS I SaVER
OP _END: PUSHF
CALL GET DR I VE
OR AL, FDC_RESET
MOV OX, NEe CTL
OUT OX, AL -
UPDATE TIME OF DAY
CALL DDS
CALL CLOCK_WA I T
CALL
MOV
SUB
NEG
PUSH
ADD
JNe
INe
J16_4: eMf'
JNZ
eHP
JL
; ------ TI MER
MDV
SUB
HOV
J16_5: CALL
PDP
JCXZ
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
INT
READ TIME
BX, [BP+181
AX,BX
AX
AX
TIMER_HIGH
T1MER_HIGH,OIBH
...116 5
TI MER_LOW, OBOH
JIB 5
HAS GONE 24 HOURS
TlMER_HIGH,O
TI MER_LOW, OBOH
TI MER_OFL, 1
ENABLE
ex
AX
DX
le"
LOOP J16_B
POP OX
POP AX
READ STATUS PORT
I S THE FEC ST I LL I N THE EXECUT I ON
PHASE?
JUMP IF EXECUTION PHASE IS DONE.
IS THE DATA PORT READ V FOR THE
TRANSFER?
JUMP TO WRITE DATA
POINT AT DATA REGISTER
TRANSFER BYTE
WR I TE THE BYTE ON THE 0 I SKETTE
POINT AT THE STATUS REGISTER
CONTINUE WITH WRITE OR FORMAT
SAVE THE CARRY BI T SET IN
DISK_INT
GET BIT MASK FOR DRIVE SELECTION
NO RESET, KEEP DRIVE SPINNING
D I SABLE WATCHDOG
POINT OS AT BIOS DATA SEGMENT
WAIT IF TIMERO IS CLOSE TO
WRAPPI NG
GET THE INITIAL VALUE OF TIMERI
UPDATE NUMBER OF INTERRUPTS
MISSED
PUT IT IN AX
SAVE I T FOR REUSE I N I SSU I NG USER
Tl MER INTERRUPTS
ADD NUMBER OF TIMER INTERRUPTS TO
TI ME
JUMP IF TI MER LOW 0 I D NOT SPI LL
OVER TO TI MER=H I
TEST FOR COUNT TOTAL I NG 24 HOURS
JUMP I F NOT 24 HOURS
LOW VALUE = 24 HOUR VALUE?
NOT 24 HOUR VALUE?
ZERO OUT TI MER_HI GH VALUE
VALUE REFLECTS CORRECT TICKS PAST
ooaOH
J NO I CATES 24 HOUR THRESHOLD
ENABLE ALL INTERRUPTS
CX: ::AX, COUNT FOR NUMBER OF USER
T I ME 1 NTERRUPTS
I F ZERO DO NOT ISSUE ANY
INTERRUPTS
SAVE ALL REGl STERS SAVED PRIOR TO
INT lC CALL FROM TIMERINT
THIS PROVIDES A COMPATIBLE
I NTERF ACE TO IC
TRANSFER CONTROL TO USER
INTERRUPT
DO ALL USER TIMER INTERRUPTS
POP OS RESTORE REGISTERS
, ------ CLOCK IS UPDATED AND USER INTERRUPTS lC HAVE BEEN ISSUED.
CHECK I F KEYSTROKE OCCURED
OR AL,AL AL WAS SET DURING CALL TO ENABLE
JZ ...11.6_7 NO KEY WAS PRESSED WHILE SYSTEM
HOV
HDV
CALL
BX,oaOH
CX, 04BH
K8_NOISE
WAS MASKED
DURATION OF TONE
FREQUNCY OF TONE
NOlI FY USER OF MI SSED KEYBORAD
INPUT
EEC7 80 2. 0017 R FO
EEce 80 2. 0018 R OF
EEOI 80 26 0088 R IF
EED6 .0
EED7
EE07 72 .0
EEDS E8 EAAO R
EEOC 72 38
EEDE FC
EEDF BE 0042 R
EEE2 AC
EEE3 24 CO
EEE5 74 58
EEE7 3C 40
EEE9 75 25
EEEB AC
EEEC 3C 80
EEEE 7. 2A
EEFO 00 EO
EEF2 00 EO
EEF4 00 EO
EEFS 8. 10
EEFS 72 18
EEFA 00 EO
EEFC 8. 08
EEFE 72 12
EFOO 00 EO
EF02 00 EO
EF04 8. O.
EFOS 72 OA
EFOS 00 EO
EFOA DO EO
EFOC B4 02
EFOE 72 02
EFIO
EF10 8. 20
EF12
EF12 08 26 0041 R
EF1G E8 EAE1 R
EF1S
EF1S C3
EF1A
EF IA 8A 5E DE
EF 10 E8 EAEI R
EF20 3A 08
EF22 7. DC
EF24 80 OE 0041 R O.
EF29 C6 06 0043 R 80
EF2E F.
EF2F C3
EF30 33 CO
EF32 33 F.
EF34 88 8. 0042 R
EF38

EF39 88 8. 0042 R
EF3D EB 03
EF3F E8 EAE1 R
EF42 32 E4
EF44 C3
EF45
i-------CLEAR SHIFT STATES DONT LEAVE POSSIBILTY OF DANGLING STATES
OF MI SSEO BREAKS
,JlG 1
J 7 ~
AND KS_FLAG, orOH CLEAR AL T , CLRL, LEFT AND RIGHT
SHI FTS
AND
AND
POPF
JC
CALL
JC
CHECK
CLD
MOV
LODS
AND
JZ
CMP
JNZ
J20
CLEAR POTENTIAL BREAK OF INS, CAPS
NUM AND SCROLL SH I FT
CLEAR FUNeT 1 ON STATES
GET THE FLAGS
RESUL TS GET THE NEC STATUS
J20 i LOOK FOR ERROR
THE RESULTS RETURNED BY THE CONTROLLER
i SET THE CORRECT D I RECTI ON
SI,OFFSET NEC_STATUS i POINT TO STATUS FIELD
NEC STATUS GET STO
AL,OCOH i TEST FOR NORMAL TERMINATION
J22 ; OPN_OK
AL,040H ; TEST FOR ABNORMAL TERMINATION
JIB ; NOT ABNORMAL, BAD NEC
***NOTE***
JIB:
J19:
J20:
J21_2:
J22:
J21_3
RW_OPN
THE CURRENT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION HA5 NO DMA. IN ORDER TO
STOP THE NEC AN EDT MUST BE PASSED TO FORCE THE NEC TO HALT
THEREFORE. THE STATUS RETURNED BV THE NEC WI LL ALWAVS SHOW
AN EDT ERROR IF THIS I S THE ONL V ERROR RETURNED AND THE
NUMBER OF SECTORS TRANSFERRED EQUALS THE NUMBER SECTORS
REQUESTED IN THI S I NTERRUPT CALL THEN THE OPERATI ON HAS
COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY. IF AN EDT ERROR IS RETURNED AND THE
REQUESTED NUMBER OF SECTORS I S NOT THE NUMBER OF SECTORS
TRANSFERRED THEN THE ERROR I S LEG I T I MATE. WHEN THE EaT
ERROR IS INVALID THE STATUS BYTES RETURNED ARE UPDATED TO
REFLECT THE STATUS OF THE OPERATION IF DMA HAD BEEN PRESENT
LODS
CMP
JE
SAL
SAL
SAL
MOV
JC
SAL
MOV
JC
SAL
SAL
MOV
JC
NEC STATUS
AL, SOH
J21_1
AL, 1
AL,l
AL,l
AH, BAD_CRC
Jl'
AL,l
AH, BAD_DMA
Jl'
AL,l
AL,l
AH, RECORO_NOT_FND
Jl.
SAL AL, 1
GET ST 1
IS THIS THE ONLY ERROR?
NORMAL TERMINATION, NO ERROR
NOT EDT ERROR, BYPASS ERROR SITS
TEST FOR CRC ERROR
RW FAI L
TEST FOR DHA OVERRUN
TEST FOR RECORD NOT FOUND
SAL AL, 1 TEST M I SSI NG ADDRESS MARK
MOV AH, BAD_ADDR_MARK
JC J19 RW_FAI L
NEC MUST HAVE FAILED
OR
CALL
RW-NEC-FAI L
RW-FAI L
DISKETTE_STATUS, AH
NUM TRANS HOW MANV WERE REALL V TRANSFERRED
- RW_ERR
OPERATION WAS SUCCESSFUL
MOV BL, [BP+14J
CALL NUM_ TRANS
CMP BL, AL
GET NUMBER OF SECTORS PASSED
FROM STACK
HOW MANY GOT MOVED, AL CONTAINS
NUM OF SECTORS
NUMBER REQUESTEO=NUMBER ACTUALLY
TRANSFERRED?
JE .121_2 ; TRANSFER SUCCESSFUL
OPERAT I ON ATTEMPTED TO ACCESS DATA PAST REAL EOT. THIS IS
A REAL
OR
MOV
STe
RET
XOR
XOR
MOV
INC
MOV
JMP
CALL
XOR
RET
ENDP
ERROR
DISKETTE_STATUS, RECORD_NOT_FND
NEC_STATUS+1,80H ; STI GETS CORRECT VALUE
AX, AX
SI,5J ,
NEC_STATUS[SI J, AL
51
NEC_STATUS[S I J, AL
SHORT J21 3
NUH TRANS-
AH,AH
CLEAR AX FOR NEC_STATUS UPDATE
INDEX TO NEC_STATUS ARRAY
; ZERO OUT BYTE, STO
POI NT I NDEX AT srCOND BYTE
; ZERO OUT BUYE, ST 1
OPN_DK
; NO ERRORS
DISK INT
- THIS ROUTINE HANDLES THE DISKETTE INTERRUPT. AN INTERRUPT
INPUT
WILL OCCUR ONLY WHEN THE ONE-SHOT TIMER IS FIRED. THIS
OCCURS IN AN ERROR SITUATION. THIS ROUTINE SETS ERROR5 IN
THE DI5KETTE STATUS BVTE AND DISABLES THE ONE-SHOT TIMER
THEN THE RETURN ADDRESS ON THE 5TACK I S CHANGED TO RETURN
TO THE OP _END LABEL.
NONE
OUTPUT
NONE OS POINTS AT BIOS OATA AREA. CARRY FLAG IS SET SO
THAT ERROR WILL BE CAUGHT IN THE ENVIRONMEMT RETURNED TO.
ROM BIOS A-79
EF57
EF57
EF!57 IE
EF58 50
EF59 52
EF5A 55
EF5B E8 13Ba R
EF5E 8S EC
EF&O OE
EF61 58
EF62 38 46 OA
EF65 75 48
EF67 BB 46 OB
EF6A 3D E20 R
EFGD 7C 40
EF6F 3D EE66 R
EF72 70 3B
EF74 C7 46 OB EE65 R
EF79 81 4E Ot 0001
EF7E BA OOF4
EFBI EC
EF82 24 FO
EF84 3C DO
EFBS 75 14
EFOB EB EAAO R
EF8S BE 0042 R
EFOE 8110 44 01
EF91 1108 02
EF93 74 07
EF95 eo OE 0041 R 03
EF9A EB 13
EFge 80 DE 0041 R 80
EFAI C6 06 003E R 00
EFAS BA 00F2
EFAS 50
EF AA EB E845 R
EFAD 55
EFAE EE
EFAF BO 20
EFBI E6 20
EFB3 50
EFB4 SA
EF85 58
EFB6 IF
EF87 CF
EFB8
EFC7
EFC7
EFC7 CF
EFCB 03
[FC9 25
EFCA 02
EFce DB
EFCC 2A
EFCO FF
EFeE 50
EFCF F6
EFDO 19
EFD 1 04
A-80 ROM BIOS
ORG OEF57H
DISK_I NT PROC FAR
PUSH DS
PUSH AX
PUSH OX ; SAVE REGISTER
PUSH SP ; SAVE THE SP REGISTER
CALL DDS ; SETUP OS TO POINT AT BIOS DATA
CHECK I F INTERRUPT OCCURED I N I NT 13 OR WHETHER IT I S A
SPUR I OUS INTERRUPT
MOV BP,SP ; POINT SP AT STACK
PUSH CS ; WAS IT I N THE B I OS AREA
POP AX
CMP AX, WORD PTR[BP+IO] ; GET INTERRUPTED SEGMENT
JNE 013 ; NOT IN BIOS, ERROR CONDITION
MOV AX, WORD PTR[BP+Bl ; GET IP ON THE STACK
CMP AX, OFFSET YERIFY_LOOP ; RANGE CHECK IP FOR DISK
; TRANSFER
JL D I 3 ; BELOW TRANSFER CODE
CMP AX, OFFSET OP _END+l ; UPPER RANGE OF TRANSFER CODE
JGE 013 ; ABOVE RANGE OF WATCHDOG TERRAIN
; -------VALID DISKETTE INTERRUPT CHANGE RETURN AODRESS ON STACK TO
PULL OUT OF LOOP
MOY WORD PTR[BP+81, OFFSET OP _END
OR WORD PTR[BP+121,1 ; TURN ON CARRY FLAG IN FLAGS ON
; STACK
; ***NOTE***
A WRITE PROTECTED DISKETTE WILL ALWAVS GET STUCK IN WRITE LOOP
; WAITING FOR BEGINNING OF EXECUTION PHASE. WHEN THE WATCHDOG
; FIRES AND THE STATUS IN PORT NEC_STAT = DXH (X MEANS DON'T CARE)
; STATUS FROM THE RESULT PHASE IS AVAILABLE. THE STATUS IS READ
; AND WRITE PROTECT IS CHECKED FOR.
MOY
IN
AND
eMP
JNE
CALL
MOY
OX, NEC_STAT
AL, OK GET NEC STATUS BYTE
AL,OFOH MASK HIGH NIBBLE
AL,ODOH IS EXECUTION PHASE DONE
011 STUCK IN LOOP
RESUL TS i GET STATUS OF OPERATION
SI, OFFSET NEC_STATUS ; ADDRESS OF BYTES RETURNED BY
; NEC
MOV AL, [51+1] ; GET STI
TEST AL,02H ; WRITE PROTECT SIGNAL ACTlYE?
JZ 011 i TIME OUT ERROR
OR 01 SKETTE_STATUS, WRI TE_PROTECT
JMP SHORT 0 I 3
i ------TI ME OUT ERROR
011: OR DISKETTE_STATUS, TIME_OUT
D13:
DISK_INT
MOV SEEK_STATUS, 0 , SET RECAL ON DRI YES
RESET THE NEC AND DISABLE WATCHDOG
MOV DX, NEC_CTL ADDRESS TO NEC CONTROL PORT
POP BP POINT BP AT BASE OF STACKED
PARAMETERS
CALL
PUSH
OUT
MOY
OUT
POP
POP
POP
POP
IRET
GET DRIYE
BP -
OX, AL
AL,EOI
INTAOO, AL
BP
ox
AX
OS
ENDP
RESET ADAPTER AND 0 I SABLE WD
RESTORE FOR RETURNED CALL
GIVE EOI TO 8259
DISK_BASE
THIS IS THE SET OF PARAMETERS REQUIRED FOR
DISKETTE OPERATION. THEY ARE POINTED AT BY THE
DATA VARIABLE DISK_POINTER. TO MODIFY THE PARAMETERS,
BUILD ANOTHER PARAMETER BLOCK AND POINT AT IT
ORG
DISK_BASE
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
OEFC7H
LABEL BYTE
11001111B
MOTOR_WAIT
2
B
02AH
OFFH
050H
OFSH
25

SRT=C, HD UNLOAD=OF - 1ST SPECIFY
BYTE
HD LOAD=l, MOOE=NO DMA - 2ND
SPECIFY BYTE
WAIT AFTER OPN TIL MOTOR OFF
512 BVTES/SECTOR
EaT ( LAST SECTOR ON TRACK)
GAP LENGTH
DTL
GAP LENGTH FOR FORMAT
FJ LL BVTE FOR FORMAT
HEAD SETTLE TIME (MILLISECONDS)
MOTOR START TIME (1/8 SECONDS)
EFD2
EFD2
EFD2 FB
EFD3 1E
EFD4 52
EFDS 56
EFDS 51
EFD7 53
EFDB EB 138B R
EFDB BB DE 0010 R
EFDF Fe C5 20
EFE2 74 00
EFE4 88 IE 0008 R
EFES 81 FB 02F8
EFEe 75 03
EFEE E9 18C3 R
EFFI 8B F2
EFF3 8A 9C 0078 R
EFF7 Dl E6
EFF9 SB 94 0008 R
EFFD DB 02
EFFF 74 OC
FOOl OA 4
F003 740E
F005 FE CC
F007 74 40
F009 FE CC
F008 74 28
FOOD
FOOD 5B
FOOE 59
FOOF 5E
FOI0 5A
FOIl 1F
F012 CF
F013 50
F014 EE
F015 42
F016 28 C9
F018 EC
F019 SA EO
F018 AB BO
FOlD 75 OE
FOIF E2 F7
F021 FE C8
F023 75 Fl
F025 80 CC 01
F028 80 4 F9
F02B EB 14
F020
F020 80 00
F02F 42
F030 EE
F031 80 DC
F033 EE
F034 58
--- I NT 17 ----------------------------------------------------
PRINTER_I 0
THIS ROUTINE PROVIDES COMMUNICATION WITH THE PRINTER
( AH) =0 PR I NT THE CHARACTER IN (AL)
ON RETURN, AH=1 IF CHARACTER COULD NOT BE PRINTED
tTl ME oun, OTHER SITS SET AS ON NORMAL STATUS CALL
CAH)=1 INITIALIZE THE PRINTER PORT
RETURNS WITH (AH) SET WITH PRINTER STATUS
(AH)=2 READ THE PRINTER STATUS INTO (AH)
7 6 5 J 2-1 0
TIME OUT
_ UNUSED-
_ 1 ::: I/O ERROR
_ 1 ::: SELECTED
_ 1 = OUT OF PAPER
_ 1 ::: ACKNOWLEDGE
1 = NOT BUSV
(DX) = PRINTER TO BE USED (0,1,2) CORRESPONDING TO ACTUAL
VALUES IN PRINTER_BASE AREA
DATA AREA PRINTER_BASE CONTAINS THE BASE ADDRESS OF THE PRINTER
CARDeS} AVAILABLE (LOCATED AT BEGINNING OF DATA SEGMENT, 408H
ABSOLUTE, 3 WORDS), UNLESS THERE IS ONLY A SERIAL PRINTER
ATTACHED, IN WHICH CASE THE WORD AT 40: 8 WILL CONTAIN A 02F8H.
REGISTERS AH IS MODIFIED
ALL OTHERS UNCHANGED
ASSUME
ORG
PRINTER_I0
511
PUSH
CS; CODE, os: DATA
OEFD2H
PROC FAR
05
PUSH OX
PUSH 51
PUSH CX
PUSH 8)(
CALL DDS
; REDIRECT TO SERIAL ONLY IF;
I NTERRUPTS SACK ON
SAVE SEGMENT
1> SERIAL PRINTER IS ATTACHED, AND.
2) WORD AT PRINTER BASE = 02F8H.
POWER ONS WI LL ONL V PUT A 02FBH I N THE
NO PARALLEL PRINTER ATTACHED.
PRINTER BASE IF THERE'S
MOV CX, EQUIP_FLAG ; GET FLAG IN CX
TEST CH, 00100000S ; SERI AL ATTACHED?
JZ 80 ; NO -HANDLE NORHALL V
MaY BX, PRINTER_BASE ; SEE I F THERE' 5 AN RS232
CMP BX.02F8H ; BASE I N THE PR I NTER BASE.
JNE SO
BOO: JMP Bl_A ; IF THERE IS REDIRECT
; ELSE. HANDLE AS PARALLEL
;CONTROL IS PASSED TO THIS POINT IF THERE IS A PARALLEL OR
; THERE'S NO SER J AL PR INTER ATTACHED.
80: MOV 51, OX ; GET PRINTER PARM
MOV BL,PRINT_TlM_OUT[Sll; LOAD TIMEOUT VALUE
SHL Sl,l ; WORD OFFSET INTO TABLE
MOV OX, PRINTER_RASECSI] ; GET BASE ADDRESS FOR PRINTER
B1:
OR
JZ
OR
JZ
DEC
JZ
DEC
JZ
OX, ox
81
AH, AH
B2
AH
B8
AH
85
BX
CX
51
DX
D5
CARD
TEST OX FOR ZERO. INDICATING NO
PRINTER
IF NO PARALLEL, RETURN
TEST FOR (AH)=O
PRINT_AL
TEST FOR (AH)=l
INIT_PRT
TEST FOR (AH)=2
PRINTER STATUS
RETURN
RECOVER REG I STERS
RECOVER REG I STERS
~ :
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
IRET
PRINT
PUSH
OUT
INC
THE CHARACTER IN (AU
~ ------WAIT BUSV
B4:
5UB
IN
HOY
TEST
JNZ
LOOP
DEC
JNZ
OR
AND
JHP
HOY
INC
OUT
MOY
OUT
POP
AX SAVE VALUE TO PRINT
OX, AL ; OUTPUT CHAR TO PORT
DX j POINT TO STATUS PORT
CX, CX
AL.DX
AH,AL
AL.80H
B4
B3_1
BL
83
AH,l
AH,OF9H
SHORT 87
AL,ODH
DX
OX, AL
AL,OCH
D)(,AL
AX
I NHER LOOP (64K)
GET STATUS
STATUS TO AH ALSO
IS THE PRINTER CURRENTLV BUSV
OUT_STROBE
LOOP IF NOT
DROP OUTER LOOP COUNT
MAKE ANOTHER PASS I F NOT ZERO
SET ERROR FLAG
TURN OFF THE UNUSED BITS
RETURN WI TH ERROR FLAG SET
OUT_STROBE
SET THE STROBE HIGH
SET THE STROBE L.OW
RECOVER THE OUTPUT CHAR
ROM BIOS A-Sl
F035 50
F036 BB 94 0008 R
F03A 42
F03B EC
F03C BA EO
F03E BO E4 F8
F041
FO.l SA
F042 BA C2
F044 BO F4

F047 EB C4
F049 50
F04A .2
F04B .2
F04C 90 08
F04E EE
FQ4F B8 03EB
F052
F052 .a
FOS3 75 FD
FOSS BO DC
F057 EE
FOSS EB DC
F05A
FOGS
FOGS ES ODOB R
FOGS
FOGS E8 1388 R
FOSS BE 00 IE R
FOSE B8 04
F070 BS C4
F072 BO E4 EO
F07S
F077
F079
F07B
F07E
Foal
FOB4
FOBS
F085
FOBS
FOB7
F088
FOBA
FoeD
FOBF
F090
F092
F093
F09S
FOSS
FOBS
F09S
F09A
F09C
FOgO
F09F
FOA2
FOA3
FOA4!I
FDA4
FOA4
FOA4!I
FOAB
FOBO
7400
32 CO
E6 AO
BB 2000
8E 0036 R
E8 09Be R
CF
8080
EE
EB 00
83 EA 03
eo DC
EE
E900
42
8000
EE
Ea 00
42
42
BO OF
EE
EB 00
83 EA 03
EC
C3
38 28 2C 06 IF 06
19
lC 02 07 06 07
00 00 00 00
A-82 ROM BIOS
; ------ PRINTER STATUS
B5; PUSH AX SAVE AL REG
B6: MOV OX, PRINTER_BASE[SI J
INC OX
IN AL, OX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH,OFBH
87:
POP OX
MOV Al,DL
)COR AH,4SH
JMP 81
; ------ INITIALIZE THE PRINTER
8S: PUSH AX
INC OX
INC ox
MOY Al , 8
OUT OX, Al
MOV AX, 1000
89:
AX
GET PRINTER STATUS
TURN OFF UNUSED BITS
STATUS_SET
RECOVER AL REG
GET CHARACTER INTO Al
FLI P A COUPLE OF BITS
; RETURN FROM ROUTI NE
PORT
SAVE Al
POINT TO OUTPUT PORT
SET INIT LINE lOW
INIT_lOOP
LOOP FOR RESET TO TAKE
INIT_lOOP
DEC
JNZ
"OV
.9
AL,OCH NO INTERRUPTS, NON AUTO IF, IN]T
HIGH
OUT
J"P
PRINTER_IO
ORG
J"P
OX, AL
96 PRT_STATUS_l
ENOP
OFOG5H
NEAR PTR VIDEO_IO
SUBROUTINE TO SAVE ANY SCAN CODE RECEIVED
BY THE NMI ROUTINE (PASSED IN Al)
DURING POST IN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER
CALLED THROUGH I NT. 48H
PROC FAR
OS: DATA
DDS , POINT OS TO DATA AREA
KEV _SCAN_SAVE
ASSUME
CAll
"OV
"OV
"OV
AND
SI, OFFSET KB_BUFFER ; POINT TO FIRST LOC. IN BUFFER
JZ
XOR
OUT
MOV
NOV
CAll
K5_1: IRET
KEY _SCAN_SAVE
[51 J. AL SAVE SCAN CODE
AX, SP CHECK FOR STACK UNDERFLOW
AH,11100000B (THESE BITS WILL BE 111 IF
UNDERFLOW HAPPEND)
KS_l
AL,AL
OAOH, Al
BX,2000H
SI, OFFSET
E_MSG
ENDP
SHUT OFF NMI
ERROR CODE 2000H
KEY _ERR ; POST MESSAGE
AND HALT SYSTEM
; RETURN TO CALLER
SUBROUT I NE TO SET AN I NS8250 CH I P 5 BAUD RATE TO 9600 BPS AND
DEFINE IT'S DATA WORD AS HAYING 8 BITS/WORD, 2 STOP BITS, AND
ODD PARITY.
(OX) = LINE CONTROL REGISTER
UPON RETURN:
(OX) = TRANSMIT/RECEIVE BUFFER ADDRESS
ALSO, ALTERS REGISTER AL. ALL OTHERS REMAIN INTACT.
58250 PRoe NEAR
"OV
Al, BOH SET DlAS = 1
OUT DX,Al
J"P
5+2 J /0 DELAY
sua DX,3 LSB OF DIVISOR LATCH
MOV AL,12 DIVISOR = 12 PRODUCES 9600 BPS
OUT DX,Al SET LSB
JMP S+2 110 DELAY
INC OX "S8 OF DIVISOR lATCH
MOV AL,O HIGH ORDER OF DIVISORS
OUT DX,Al SET MSB
JHP 0+2 I/O DELAY
INC DX
INC DX LI NE CONTROL REGISTER
HOV AL,OOOOl1l1a 8 BITS/WORD, 2 STOP BITS, ODD
PARITY
OUT DX,AL
JMP
'+2
110 DELAY
SU. OX,3 RECEIVER BUFFER
IN Al,DX IN CASE WRITING TO PORT LeR
CAUSED DATA READY TO GO HIGH!
RET
58250 ENDP
TABLES FOR USE IN SETTING OF CRT MODE
ORG OFOA4H
VI o EO_PARMS lABEL BYTE
INIT_TABlE
DB 3SH, 2BH, 2CH, 06H, IFH, 6, 19H SETUP FOR 40X2!5
DB lCH, 2, 7,6,7
DB 0,0,0,0
:;: 0010
FOB4 71 50 5A DC
is
FOBB lC 02 07 OS
FOCO 00 00 00 00
Foe4 38 28 28 06
S4
FOCB 70 02 01 26
FOOO 00 00 00 00
FOD4 71 50 56 ac
32
FODe 38 02 03 26
FOEO 00 00 00 00
FOE4
FOE4 80 Fe 04
FOE7 72 03
FOES E9 F531 R
FOEC
FOEC E8 FOF7 R
FOEF 8B F3
FOF 1 06
FOF2 IF
FOF3 AD
FOF4 E9 OF70 R
FOF7
FOF7
FOF7 8A CF
FOF9 32 ED
FOF8 S9 Fl
FOFD 01 E6
FOFF 88 84 0050 R
F103 33 DB
FI0S E3 06
F 107
F 107 03 IE 004C R
F10B E2 FA
FlOD
F 100 E8 E5C2 R
F110 03 08
F 112 C3
F113
F113
FU3 BO FC 04
F116 72 03
F 118 E9 F3F 1 R
F11a
FUB BA E3
F 110 50
FIlE 51
F llF E8 FOF7 R
F122 8B FB
F 124 59
F125 58
F126
F 126 AS
F127 E2 FD
F 129 E9 OF70 R
F12C
lF OS
07
7F OS
07
3F 06
07
M0040 EOU S-V I DEO_PARMS
DB 71H, SOH, SAH, OCH, 1FH, S, 19H ; SETUP FOR SOX25
DB 1CH, 2, 7,6,7
DB 0,0, a, 0
DB 3SH, 28H, 2BH, 06H, 7FH, 6, 64H
;
SET UP FOR GRAPHICS
DB 70H, 2,1, 26H, 7
DB 0,0,0,0
DB 71H, SOH, 56H, OCH, 3FH, 6, 32H SET UP FOR GRAPHI CS
DB 38H,2, 3, 26H, 7 USI NG 32K OF MEMORY
DB 0, 0, 0, a (MODES 9 81 A)
READ_AC_CURRENT
THIS ROUTINE READS THE ATTRIBUTE AND CHARACTER AT TI-!E
CURRENT CURSOR paS I T ION AND RETURNS THEM TO THE CALLER
INPUT
(AH)
(BH)
(OS)
CURRENT CRT MODE
DISPLAY PAGE ( ALPHA MODES ONLY )
DATA SEGMENT
(E5)
OUTPUT
REGEN SEGMENT
( Al) :;: CHAR READ
(AI-!) :;: ATTRI BUTE READ
ASSUME CS: CODE, os: DATA, ES: DATA
READ_AC_CURRENT PROC NEAR
CMP AH,4 IS THIS GRAPHICS?
JC C60
JMP
C60: READ _AC_CONT r NUE
CALL FIND_POSITION
MOV SI,BX ESTABLISH ADDRESSING IN 51
PUSH ES
POP 05
lOOSW
GET SEGMENT FOR QU I CK ACCESS
GET THE CHAR/ATTR
JMP
READ AC CURRENT
FIND:POSITION
MOV
VIDEO_RETURN
ENDP
PROC
el, BH
CH,CH
51, cx
51,1
NEAR
D I SPLAY PAGE TO CX
MOVE TO 51 FOR INDEX
* 2 FOR WORD OfFSET
XOR
MOV
SAL
MOV AX, [61+ OFFSET CURSOR POSNl GET ROW/COLUMN OF
C61:
C62:
XOR
JCXZ
ADD
LOOP
BX, ax
CS2
THAT PAGE
SET START ADDRESS TO ZERO
NO PAGE
PAGE_LOOP
LENGTH OF BUFFER
NO PAGE
CALL POSITION
ADD BX, AX
DETERMINE LOCATION IN REGEN
ADD TO START OF REGEN
RET
FIND_POSITION ENDP
WRI TE_AC_CURRENT
INPUT
OUTPUT
THIS ROUTINE WRITES THE ATTRIBUTE AND CHARACTER AT
THE CURRENT CURSOR POSITION
(AH) :;: CURRENT CRT MODE
(BH) :;: DISPLAV PAGE
(ex) :;: COUNT OF CHARACTERS TO WR ITE
CAU = CHAR TO WRITE
esu = ATTRIBUTE OF CHAR TO WRI TE
(OS) :;: DATA SEGMENT
(ES) :;: REGEN SEGMENT
NONE
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
C63:
C64:
CMP AH,4 IS THIS GRAPHICS?
JC C63
..IMP GRAPHICS_WRITE
MOV
PUSH
PUSH
CAll
MOV
POP
POP
STOSW
AH,BL
AX
ex
FIND_POSITION
DI,BX
ex
AX
WRI TE_AC_CONTINUE
GET ATTRIBUTE TO AH
SAVE ON STACK
SAVE WRI TE COUNT
ADDRESS TO 01 REGISTER
WRITE COUNT
CHARACTER I N AX REG
WRITE lOOP
PUT THE CHAR/ATTR
lOOP C64 AS MANY TIMES AS REQUESTED
JMP V IDEO RETURN
WRITE_AC_CURRENT - ENDP
ROM BIOS A-83
F12C
F12C 80 Fe 04
F12F 72 03
WRITE_C_CURRENT
INPUT
TH I 5 ROUT I NE WR I TES THE CHARACTER AT
THE CURRENT CURSOR POSITION, ATTRIBUTE UNCHANGED
(AH) :::: CURRENT CRT HODE
(8H) :::: DISPLAY PAGE
(CX) = COUNT OF CHARACTERS TO WRITE
CAL) :::: CHAR TO WRITE
(OS) = DATA SEGMENT
C ES) :::: REGEN SEGMENT
OUTPUT
NONE
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
eMP AH,4 IS THIS GRAPHICS?
JC CSIS
JMP GRAPH I es WR I TE F 131 E9 F3Fl R
F134 50 C65: PUSH AX - SAVE ON STACK
SAVE WRI TE COUNT F13!5 151
F 136 E8 FOF7 R
F139 88 F8
F13B 59
F13C 58
F13D
F13D SA C3
F13F AA
F140 47
F141 E2 FA
F 1-43 9 OF10 R
F146
F146
F 146 80 3E 0049 R OA
.F14B 7-4 11
F140 E8 FlOg R
F1S0 26: 8A 04
F 153 22 C4
F15S 02 EO
F157 8A CE
F159 02 CO
F 158 E9 OF10 R
FISE
F15E EB FIDS R
F 161 52
F162 51
F163 50
F 164 26: 9A 44 01
Fl6B 22 C4
Fl6A 02 EO
Fl6C 8A CE
F16E FE Cl
F170 D2 CO
F172 8B 08
F174 58
F175 59
Fl76 5A
F177 26: 8A 04
Fl7A 22 C4
F17C 02 EO
F17E 8A CE
Fl80 02 CO
Fl82 OA C3
F 184 E9 OF10 R
A-84 ROM BIOS
C66:
PUSH CX
CALL FIND_POSITION
MOV Dl,ax
POP CX
POP ax
MOY
STOSB
INC
LOOP
"MP
Al,BL
01
ADDRESS TO D I
WRITE COUNT
BL HAS CHAR TO WRI TE
WRITE_LOOP
RECOVER CHAR
PUT THE CHARI ATTR
BUMP POINTER PAST ATTRIBUTE
AS MANY TIMES AS REQUESTED
WRITE_C_CURRENT
C66
VIDEO_RETURN
EHOP
READ DOT -- WRITE DOT
THESE ROUTINES WILL WRITE A DOT, OR READ THE
DOT AT THE INDICATED LOCATION
ENTRY --
DX :::: ROW (0-199) (THE ACTUAL VALUE DEPENDS ON THE MODE)
ex :::: COLUMN ( 0-639) ( THE VALUES ARE NOT RANGE CHECKED )
AL = DOT VALUE TO WRITE (1,2 OR 4 BITS DEPEND ING ON MODE,
REQ'D FOR WRITE DOT ONLY. RIGHT JUSTIFIED)
BIT 7 OF AL = 1 INDICATES XOR THE VALUE INTO THE LOCATION
OS = DATA SEGMENT
Es :::: REGEN SEGMENT
EXIT
AL = DOT VALUE READ, RIGHT JUSTIFIED, READ ONLY
ASSUME
READ DOT
C5: CODE, OS: DATA, ES: DATA
PROC NEAR
- CMP
"E
CAL.L
MOY
ANO
CRT_MODE, OAH
READ_ODD
C72
AL, ES: [51]
AL,AH
640)(200 4 COLOR?
YES, HANDLE SEPARATELY
DETERMINE BYTE POSITION OF DOT
GET THE BYTE
MASK OFF THE OTHER BITS IN THE
BYTE
SHL AL, CL LEFT JUsTI FY THE VALUE
MOV Cl,DH GET NUMBER OF BITS IN RESULT
ROl Al, CL RIGHT JUSTIFY THE RESULT
JMP VIDEO_RETURN ; RETURN FROM VIDEO 10
IN 640X200 4 COLOR MODE, THE 2 COLOR BITS eCl, CO) ARE DIFFERENT
THAN OTHER MODES. CO IS IN THE EVEN BYTE, C1 IS IN THE FOLLOWING
ODD BYTE - BOTH AT THE SAME 8IT POSITrON WITHIN THEIR RESPECTIVE
; BYTES.
READ_ODD:
CALL
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOY
AND
SHL
MOY
INC
ROL
MOV
POP
POP
POP
MOY
AND
SHL
MOY
ROL
OR
"MP
C72
ox
CX
AX
AL, ES: [51+11
AL, AH
AL. CL
CL,DH
CL
Al, CL
8)(, AX
AX
CX
OX
AL, Es: [51]
Al, AH
AL, CL
CL,DH
Al, CL
AL,BL
VIDEO_RETURN
DETERMINE POSITION OF DOT
SAVE INFO
GET Cl COLOR BIT FROM ODD BYTE
MASK OFF OTHER BITS
LEFT JUSTI FY THE VALUE
GET NUMBER OF BITS IN RESULT
RIGHT JUSTIFY THE RESULT
SAVE I N ax REG
RESTORE POSI T I ON INFO
GET CO COLOR BI T FROM EVEN BYTE
MASK OFF OTHER BI15
LEFT JUSTI FY THE VALUE
GET NUMBER OF B I T5 IN RESUL T
RIGHT JUSTIFV THE RESULT
COMBINE Cl Ie CO
F 187
F 187
F 187 51
F 188 52
F 189 50
F 18A 50
Fl8S E8 FlOg R
F18E 02 Ea
Fl90 22 C4
F 192 26, 8A DC
FI9S 58
FI96 F6 C3 80
Fl99 75 36
Fl9B F6 04
F19C 22 CC
F19F OA C1
FIAI
FIA1 26: 88 04
F lA4 58
F lA5 SA
F IA6 59
F lA7 80 3E 0049 R OA
FIAC 75 20
F IAE 50
F IAF 50
F 180 DO E8
Fl82 E8 F109 R
F 185 02 E8
F 187 22 C4
F 189 26; SA 4C O!
F 180 58
F IBE F6 C3 80
FIC! 75 !2
F lC3 F6 04
F lC5 22 CC
F IC7 OA Cl
F lC9
F lC9 28: 88 44 01
FICO 58
F ICE E9 OF70 R
FI01
FlO! 32 Cl
FI03 EB CC
F 105
FI05 32 Cl
FID? EB FO
F 109
F 109
F 109 53
F IDA 50
F loB BO 28
F 100 52
F IDE SO E2 FE
F lEI 80 3E 0049 R 09
F lE6 72 03
F lE8 80 E2 Fe
F lEB F6 E2
F lED SA
FlEE F6 C2 01
FIFI 7403
F IF3 05 2000
F IF6
F IF6 80 3E 0049 R 09
F IF8 72 08
FIFO F6 C2 02
F200 74 03
F202 05 4000
F205 . 88 FO
F207 58
F208 88 01
READ DOT
WRITE_DOT
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
CALL
C67:
C68-
SHR
AND
HOV
POP
TEST
JNZ
NOT
AND
OR
HOV
POP
POP
POP
CMP
JNE
PUSH
PUSH
SHR
CALL
SHR
AND
HOV
POP
TEST
JNZ
NOT
AND
OR
HOV
POP
C69: JMP
C70;
C71:
XOR
JMP
XOR
JMP
WRITE_DOT
ENDP
PROC NEAR
CX
OX
AX
AX
C72
AL,CL
Al, AH
CL, ES: [SI 1
BX
Bl, eOH
C70
AH
CL, AH
AL, CL
ES: [SI1,Al
AX
OX
CX
CRT_MODE,OAH
C6'
AX
AX
AL,l
C72
AL, CL
AL, AH
Cl, E5; [SI+U
BX
eL, BOH
C71
AH
eL, AH
AL,CL
ES;[SI+1J,AL
AX
V IDEO_RETURN
AL,CL
C67
AL,CL
C68
ENDP
SAVE COL
SAVE ROW
SAVE DOT VALUE
TWICE
DETERMINE BYTE POSITION OF THE
DOT
SHIFT TO SET UP THE BITS FOR
OUTPUT
STRIP OFF THE OTHER BITS
RECOVER XOR FLAG
IS IT ON
YES, XOR THE DOT
SET THE MASK TO REMOVE THE
INDICATED BITS
OR I N THE NEW VALUE OF THOSE BITS
FINISH DOT
RESTORE THE BYTE I N MEMORY
RECOVER ROW
RECOVER COL
640X200 4 COLOR?
NO, JUMP
SAVE DOT VALUE
TWICE
SHIFT cl BIT INTO cO POSITION
DETERMINE BYTE POSITION OF THE
DOT
SHIFT TO SET UP THE BITS FOR
OUTPUT
STRIP OFF THE OTHER BITS
RECOVER XOR FLAG
IS IT ON
YES, XOR THE DOT
SET THE MASK TO REMOVE THE
I NO I CATED BITS
OR I N THE NEW VALUE OF THOSE BITS
FINISH DOT
RESTORE THE BYTE I N MEMORY
RETURN FROM VIDEO 10
><OR DOT
EXCLUSI VE OR THE DOTS
FINISH UP THE WRITING
XOR_DOT
EXCLUSI VE OR THE DOTS
FINISH UP THEWRITING
THIS SUBROUTINE DETERMINES THE REGEN BYTE LOCATION OF THE
INDICATED ROW COLUMN VALUE IN GRAPHICS MODE.
ENTRY --
ox :::: ROW VALUE (0,..1991
ex :::: COLUMN VALUE (0-6391
EXIT --
S I :::: OFFSET I NTO REGEN BUFFER FOR BYTE OF 1 NTEREST
AH :::: MASK TO STRIP OFF THE BITS OF INTEREST
CL :::: BITS TO SHIFT TO RIGHT .JUSTIFY THE MASK IN AH
OH :::: # BITS IN RESULT
PROC
PUSH
NEAR
8X
PUSH AX
; ------ DETERMI NE 1ST BYTE IN
BY 40( LOW BIT OF ROW
MOV AL,40
PUSH OX
ANO DL,OFEH
CMP CRT_MODE,09H
JC C73
AND OL,OFCH
C73: MUL OL
C74
C75:
POP OX
TEST Dl, 1
JZ C74
ADD AX,2000H
CMP
JC
TEST
JZ
ADO
MOV
POP
MOV
CRT_MODE,09H
C75
DL,2
C75
AX,4000H
51, AX
AX
ox, CX
; SAVE BX DURING OPERATION
, WilL SAVE AL DURING OPERATION
IOICATED ROW BY MULTIPLYING ROW VALUE
DETERMINES EVEN/ODD, 80 BYTES/ROW
SAVE ROW VALUE
STRIP OFF ODD/EVEN BIT
MODE USING 32K REGEN?
NO, JUMP
STRI P OFF LOW 2 BI TS
AX HAS ADDRESS OF 1ST BYTE OF
INOI CATED ROW
RECOVER 1 T
TEST FOR EVEN/ODD
JUMP I F EVEN ROW
OFFSET TO LOCATION OF ODD ROWS
EVEN ROW
MODE-USING 32K REGEN?
NO, JUMP
TEST FOR ROW 2 OR ROW 3
JUMP IF ROW 0 OR 1
OFFSET TO LOCATION OF ROW 2 OR 3
MOVE POINTER TO 51
RECOVER AL VALUE
COLUMN VALUE TO ox
ROM BIOS A-85
F20A BB 02CO
F20D 89 0302
F210 80 3E 0049 R 04
F215 74 21
F217 80 3E 0049 R 05
F21C 74 lA
F21E B8 04FO
F221 89 0101
F224 80 3E 0049 R OA
F229 74 07
F22B 80 3E 0049 R 06
F230 75 06
F232 BS 0180
F235 89 0703
F238 22 EA
F23A 03 EA
F23C 03 F2
F23E 80 3E 0049 R 011
F243 75 02
F245 03 F2
F247 8A F7
F249 2A C9
F24B DO C8
F24D 02 CD
F24F FE CF
F251 75 Fe
F253 8A E3
F255 02 EC
F257 58
F25B C3
F259
F259
F259 8A DB
F25B 88 Cl
F250 E8 F72C R
F260 88 F8
F262 28 01
F264 81 C2 0101
F26B DO E6
F26A DO E6
F26C 80 3E 0049 R 06
F271 7. ID
F273 DO E2
F275 Dl E7
F277 80 3E 0049 R a.
F27C 7. 12
F27E 80 3E 0049 R 05
F283 74 OB
F285 80 3E 004,9 R OA
F28A 74 04
F2ec DO E2
F28E 01 E7
------ DETERM I NE GRAPH I CS MODE CURRENTL V I N EFFECT
SET UP THE REGISTERS ACCORDING TO THE MODE
CH = MASK FOR LOW OF COLUMN AODRESS ( 7/3/1 FOR HIGH/MED/LOW RES)
CL = # OF ADDRESS BITS IN COLUMN VALUE < 3/2/1 FOR H/H/U
BL = MASK TO SELECT BITS FROM POINTED BVTE (80H/COH/FOH FOR H/H/U
BH = NUMBER OF VALID BITS IN POINTED BYTE ( 112/4 FOR H/M/L>
MOV
MOV
eMP
JE
CMP
JE
MOV
MOV
CMP
JE
BX,2COH
CX,302H
CRT_MO'DE,4
C77
CRT_MODE,5
C77
eX,4FOH
CX,101H
CRT_MODE,OAH
C76
CMP CRT_MODE,6
JNE C77
SET PARMS FOR MED RES
HANDLE IF MED RES
HANDLE IF MED RES
; SET PARMS FOR lOW RES
HANDLE MODE A AS HI GH RES
HANDLE I F LOW RES
C76: MaY ex, laOH
MOV CX,703H i SET PARMS FOR HI GH RES
DETERMINE BIT OFFSET IN BYTE FROM COLUMN MASK
OFFSET FOR TO
SHR ox, CL SHIFT BY CORRECT AMOUNT
ADD 51, OX INCREMENT THE POINTER
CMP CRT_MODE,OAH 640X200 4 COLOR?
JNE C78 NO, JUMP
ADD SI,DX INCREMENT THE POINTER
C78: MOV OH, BH GET THE # OF BI TS IN RESULT TO DH
MULTIPLY 8H (VALID BITS IN BYTE) BY CH <BIT OFFSET>
SUB CL, CL ZERO INTO STORAGE LOCATION
C79: ROR AL,l LEFT JUSTIFY THE VALUE IN AL
C72
ADD
DEC
JNZ
MOV
5HR
POP
RET
ENDP
SCROLL UP
CL, CH
BH
C79
AH, BL
AH, CL
BX
(FOR WRITE>
ADD IN THE BIT OFFSET VALUE
LOOP CONTROL
ON EXIT, CL HAS SHIFT COUNT TO
RESTORE BITS
GET MASK TO AH
MOVE THE MASK TO CORRECT
LOCATION
RECOVER REG
RETURN WITH EVERVTHING SET UP
THIS ROUTINE SCROLLS UP THE INFORMATION ON THE CRT
ENTRY --
CH, CL = UPPER LEFT CORNER OF REGION TO SCROLL
OH,DL = LOWER RIGHT CORNER OF REGION TO SCROLL
BOTH OF THE ABOVE ARE IN CHARACTER POSITIONS
BH = FI LL VALUE FOR BLANKED LI NES
AL = " LINES TO SCROLL (AL=O MEANS BLANK THE ENTIRE FIELD>
OS = OATA SEGMENT
ES = REGEN SEGMENT
EXI T --
NOTHI NG, THE SCREEN 1 S SCROLLED

MOV BL, AL ; SAVE Ll NE COUNT IN BL
MOV AX, ex ; GET UPPER LEFT POSITION INTO AX REG
USE CHARACTER SUBROUTINE FOR POSITIONING
ADDRESS RETURNED IS MULTIPLIED BY 2 FROM CORRECT VALUE
CALL GRAPH_POSN
MOV OI,AX SAVE RESULT AS DESTINATION
ADDRESS
DETERMINE SIZE OF WINDO'W
SUB OX, CX
ADD OX,10lH
SAL DH, 1
SAL OH,l
DETERMI NE CRT MODE
CMP CRT_MODE, 6
JE cao
MED I UM RES UP
SAL Dl,l
SAL 01,1
CMP CRT_MODE,04
JE CBO
OtP CRT_MODE,5
JE CBO
CI'IP CRT_MODE,OAH
.JE C80
LOW RES UP
SAL DL,l
SAL 01,1
ADJUST VALUES
MULTIPLY # ROWS BY 4 SINCE a VERT
DOTS/CHAR
AND EVEN/Oo-O ROWS
TEST FOR HIGH RES
F I NO _SOURCE
# COLUMNS * 2, SINCE 2 BYTES/CHAR
OFFSET *2 SINCE 2 BYTES/CHAR
TEST FOR MEO I UM RES
TEST FOR MED I UM RES
# COLUMNS * 2 AGAIN, SINCE 4
BYTES/CHAR
OFFSET *2 AGAIN! SINCE 4
BYTES/CHAR
A-86 ROM BIOS
F2S0
F290 OS
F291 IF
F292 2A ED
F294 DO E3
F296 DO E3
F29B 74 67
F29A BA C3
F2SC 94 50
F29E F6 E4
F2AO 88 F7
F2A2 03 FO
F2A4 8A E6
F2A6 2A E3
F2A8
F2A8 EB F3C7 R
F2AB IE
F2AC EB 1389 R
F2AF 80 3E 0049 R 09
F284 IF
F2B5 72 15
F2B7 81 C6 2000
F2BB 81 C7 2000
F2BF E8 F3C7 R
F2C2 81 EE 3FBO
F2CS B 1 EF 3FBO
F2CA FE CC
F2CC 81 EE IFBO
F2DO 81 EF 1FOO
F2D4 FE CC
F2DS 75 DO
F2DB
F2DB SA C7
F2DA EB F3EO R
F2DD IE
F2DE E8 138B R
F2E 1 80 3E 0049 R 09
F2E6 IF
F2E7 72 00
F2E9 B 1 C7 2000
F2ED E8 F3EO R
F2FO 81 EF 3FBO
F2F4 FE CB
F2F6 81 EF IF eo
F2FA FE CB
F2FC 75 DC
F2FE E9 OF70 R
F301
F301 SA DE
F303 EB 03
F305
F305
FaD5 FD
FlOS 8A DB
F30B 88 C2
FlOA E8 F72C R
F30D se F8
F30F 28 Dl
F3ll 81 C2 0101
F31S DO E6
F317 DO E6
F319 80 3 0049 R 06
F31E 74 22
DETER") NE THE SOURCE AODRESS 1 N THE BUFFER
ceo:
PUSH ES GET SEGMENTS BOTH PO I NT I NG TO
REGEN
OS
ZERO TO HIGH OF COUNT REG
POP
SUB
SAL
SAL
JZ
HOV
HOV
HUL
HOV
ADD
HOV
SUB
CH, CH
BL,l
BL,1
ceG
AL, BL
AH,80
AH
51,01
51, AX
AH,DH
AH, BL
MUL Tt PL V NUMBER OF L1 NES BV 4
IF ZERO, THEN BLANK ENTIRE FIELD
GET NUMBER OF Ll NES IN Al
80 BVTES/ROW
DETERMINE OFFSET TO SOURCE
SET UP SOURCE
AOD I N OFFSET TO IT
NUMBER OF ROWS IN F I ELO
, DETERMJ NE NUMBER TO MOYE
; ------ LOOP THROUGH, MOVI NG ONE ROW AT A TI ME, BOTH EYEN AND
Fl ELOS
C8l:
C82:
;
CS3
CB4:
C85:
CBS:
CALL c.S
PUSH OS
CAll ODS
CMP CRT_MOOE,9
POP D5
JC C82
ADD S) , 200DH
ADD 01, 20DOH
CALL C95
SUB SI, 4000H-SO
SUB 0 I , 4000H-SO
DEC AH
SUB S I, 2aODH-SO
SUB 0 I , 2aDDH-BO
ROW_LOOP
MOVE ONE ROW
SAYE DATA SEG
POINT TO BIOS DATA AREA
MODE USES 32K REGEN?
RESTORE DATA SEG
NO, JUMP
ADJUST POI NTERS
MOYE 2 HORE ROWS
BACK UP PO INTERS
ADJUST COUNT
MOVE TO NEXT ROW
DEC AH NUMBER OF ROWS TO MOYE
JNZ CB 1 , CONTI NUE TI LL ALL MOYED
FILL IN THE VACATED LlNECS)
HOV
CALL
PUSH
CALL
CHP
POP
JC
ADD
CALL
SUB
DEC
SUB
DEC
JNZ
JMP
AL, BH
C9G
OS
DDS
CRT_MODE, 9
OS
CB5
DI,2000H
C
01, 4000H-8D
BL
D I , 2000H-80
BL
CB.
YIDEO_RETURN
CLEAR_ENTRV
ATTRIBUTE TO FILL WITH
CLEAR THAT ROW
SAVE DATA SEG
RESTORE DATA SEC
NO, JUMP
CLEAR 2 MORE ROWS
BACK UP POINTERS
AD JUST COUNT
POI NT TO NEXT LI NE
NUMBER OF LI NES TO FI LL
CLEAR_LOOP
EVERYTHING DONE
BLANK FIELD
ODD
HOV BL, DH SET BLANK COUNT TO EYERVTHI NG IN
FIELD
JMP
SCROLL DOWN
CB3
ENDP
CLEAR THE FIELD
THIS ROUTINE SCROLLS DOWN THE INFORMATION ON THE CRT
ENTRV --
CH, CL = UPPER LEFT CORNER OF REGION TO SCROLL
DH,DL ::::: LOWER RIGHT CORNER OF REGION TO SCROLL
BOTH OF THE ABOYE ARE IN CHARACTER POSI TIONS
8H = FILL VALUE FOR BLANKED LI NES
AL = # LINES TO SCROLL (AL=O MEANS BLANK THE ENTIRE FIELD)
OS = DATA SEGMENT
ES = REGEN SEGMENT
EXIT --
NOTHI NG, THE SCREEN I S SCROLLED
GRAPHICS_DOWN PROC NEAR
STO ; SET DIRECTION
MOY BL, AL ; SAYE LINE COUNT IN 8L
MOV AX, OX ; GET LOWER RIGHT POSITION INTO AX REG
; ------ USE CHARACTER SUBROUTINE FOR POSITIONING
ADDRESS RETURNED IS MUL Tt PL I ED BV 2 FROM CORRECT YALUE
CALL GRAPH_POSN
MOV OI,AX SAVE RESULT AS DESTINATION
ADDRESS
DETERMINE SIZE OF WINDOW
SUB
ADD
SAL
DX, CX
DX,10lH
OH,l
SAL DH, 1
DETERMI NE CRT MODE
CMP CRT_MODE,6
JZ CB7
ADJUST YALUES
MULTIPLV ROWS BV 4 SINCE 8 VERT
OOTS/CI-(AR
AND EVEN/ODD ROWS
TEST FOR HI GH RES
F I NO _SOURCE_D OWN
ROM BIOS A-87
F320 DO E2
F322 01 E7
F324 47
F325 80 3E 0049 R 04
F32A 74 16
F32C 80 3E 0049 R 05
F331 74 OF
F333 80 3E 0049 R OA
F338 74 08
F33A 4F
F338 DO E2
F330 01 E7
F33F 83 C7 03
F342
F342 2A ED
F344 B8 OOFO
F347 80 3E 0049 R 09
F34C 72 03
F34E 88 OOAO
F351 03 F8
F353 DO E3
F355 DO E3
F357 74 GA
F359 SA C3
F358 Boll 50
F35D F6 E4
F35F 8B F7
F3Gl 28 Fa
F3G3 8A E6
F36S 2A E3
F3G7 06
F3GB IF
F369
F3&9 Ea F3C7 R
F3se IE
F3SD E8 138B R
F370 80 3 0049 R 09
F375 IF
F376 72 15
F378 B 1 CG 2000
Fa7C 81 C7 2000
F3S0 E8 F3e7 R
F3S3 81 EE 4050
F387 81 EF 4050
Fa88 FE CC
FaSD 81 EE 2050
F391 Bl EF 2050
F39S FE CC
Fa97 75 DO
F399
F399 BA C7
F398
Fa98 E8 F3EO R
F39E IE
Fa9F E8 138B R
FaA2 80 3E 0049 R 09
F3A7 IF
F3AB 72 00
F3AA 81 C7 2000
F3AE E8 F3EO R
F3S1 81 EF 4050
F38S FE CS
F397 81 EF 2050
F3a8 FE ca
F3BD 75 DC
F3aF FC
F3eo E9 OF70 R
F3e3
F3ea BA DE
F3CS EB 02
F3C7
F3C7
Fae7 BA CA
F3e9 56
F3eA 57
F3CB F3/ A4
FacD SF
FaCE 5E
F3CF B 1 C6 2000
F3D3 Bl C7 2000
F3D7 56
F3DS 57
F3D9 SA CA
F3DB Fa/ A4
F3DD SF
FaDE 5E
F3DF C3
F3EO
A-88 ROM BIOS
MED I UM RES DOWN
SAL Dl,1
SAL 01,1
INC 01
CMP CRT_MODE,4
JZ C87
CMP CRT_MODE,5
JZ C87
CMP CRT_MODE,OAH
JZ CB7
DEC
SAL
SAL
DI
Dl,l
01, 1
ADD 01,3
i ------ OETERM r NE THE SOURCE
CB7
CBB:
SUB
HOV
CHP
JC
HOV
CH, CH
AX, 240
CRT_MODE,9
CBB
AX, 160
ADD DI,AX
SAL Bl,l
SAL Bl, 1
.JZ C94
MOY Al, Bl
MOV AH, BO
MUl AH
MOY SI,Dl
SUB SI,AX
MOY AH,DH
SUB AH, Bl
PUSH ES
POP OS
# COLUMNS * 2, SINCE 2 BVTES/CHAR
(OFFSET OK)
OFFSET *2 SINCE 2 BVTES/CHAR
PO I NT TO LAST BYTE
TEST FOR MED J UM RES
F I NO _SOURCE_DOWN
FIND SOURCE DOWN
TEST-FOR MEDIUM RES
FI
# COLUMNS * 2 AGAIN, SINCE 4
BYTES/CHAR: (OFFSET OK)
OFFSET *2 AGAIN, SINCE 4
BYTES/CHAR
; POI NT TO lAST BVTE
ADDRESS IN THE BUFFER
F I NO SOURCE DOWN
ZERO TO HIGH OF COUNT REG
OFFSET TO lAST ROW OF PIXELS IF
16K REGEN
US I NG 32K REGEN?
NO, JUMP
OFFSET TO lAST ROW OF PIXELS IF
32K REGEN
POINT TO lAST ROW OF PIXELS
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF liNES BY 4
IF ZERO, THEN BLANK ENTIRE FIELD
GET NUMBER OF LINES IN Al
80 BYTES/ROW
DETERMINE OFFSET TO SOURCE
SET UP SOURCE
SUBTRACT THE OFFSET
NUMBER OF ROWS IN F I ElO
DETERMINE NUMBER TO MOYE
BOTH SEGMENTS TO REGEN
i ------ LOOP THROUGH,
; FIELDS
CB9:
MOYING ONE ROW AT A TIME, BOTH EVEN AND ODD
ROW lOOP DOWN
C90:
CAll
PUSH
CAll
CMP
POP
JC
ADD
ADD
CALL
SUB
SUB
DEC
SUB
SUB
DEC
C95
DS
DDS
CRT MOOE,9
DS -
C90
SI,2000H
DI,2000H
C95
SI.4000H+80
01 ,4000H+80
AH
51,2000H+80
01, 2000H+BO
AH
MOVE ONE-ROW
SAYE DATA SEG
POINT TO BIOS OATA AREA
RESTORE OAT A SEG
NO, JUMP
AD JUST PO INTERS
MOVE 2 MORE ROWS
BACK UP PO INTERS
ADJUST COUNT
MOVE TO NEXT ROW
NUMBER OF ROWS TO MOYE
.JNZ CBS CONTI NUE TILL ALL MOVED
FILL IN THE VACATED LINE(S)
C91;
C92:
MOV
CAll
PUSH
CAll
CMP
PDP
JC
ADD
CAll
SUB
DEC
C93: SUB
C94:
DEC
JNZ
CLD
JHP
HOV
JMP
GRAPH I C5 DOWN
j ------ ROUT I NE
C95 PROC
HOV
PUSH
PUSH
REP
POP
POP
ADD
ADD
PUSH
PUSH
HOV
REP
POP
PDP
RET
C95 ENDP
AL, BH
e9.
DS
DDS
CRT_MODE,9
DS
C93
DI,20DDH
C9.
01 ,4000H+80
BL
01 ,2000H+SO
BL
C92
BL,DH
C91
ENDP
CLEAR ENTRV DOWN
ATTRIBUTE TO Fill WITH
CLEAR lOOP DOWN
CLEAR-A ROW
SAVE OAT A SEG
POINT TO 810S DATA AREA
RESTORE DATA SEG
NO, .JUMP
CLEAR 2 MORE ROWS
8ACK UP PO INTERS
AD,JUST COUNT
POINT TO NEXT LINE
NUM8ER OF liNES TO FIll
CLEAR lOOP DOWN
RESET-THE DIRECTION FLAG
EVERVTHI NG DONE
BLANK FI ElD DOWN
SET BLANK COUNT TO EVERVTHI NG IN
FIELD
CLEAR THE FIELD
TO MOVE ONE ROW OF I NFORMAT r ON
NEAR
Cl,DL
51
DI
MOVSB
DI
51
51, ZOOOH
OI,2000H
51
DI
CL, Dl
MOV5B
DI
51
NUMBER OF BVTES 1 N THE ROW
SAVE PO INTERS
MOYE THE EVEN FIELD
POINT TO THE ODD FIELD
SAYE THE POI NTERS
COUNT BACK
MOVE THE ODD FIELD
PO I NTERS BACK
RETURN TO CALLER
F3ED
F3ED BA CA
F3E2 57
F3E3 F3! AA
F3E5 5F
F3E6 81 C7 2000
F3EA 57
F3EB 8A CA
F3ED F3! AA
F3EF 5F
F3FO C3
F3Fl
F3F 1
F3F 1 32 4
F3F3 50
F3F4 EB F729 R
F3F7 BB FB
F3F9 5B
F3FA BE 0110 R
F3FD 3C 80
F3FF 72 05
F401 BE 007C R
F404 2C 80
F406
F40G IE
F407 33 D2
F409 8E OA
F40B C5 34
F400 BC DA
F40F IF
F410 52
F411 01 EO
F413 DIED
F415 DIED
F417 03 FO
F419 80 3E 0049 R 04
F41E 74 45
F420 80 3E 0049 R 05
F425 74 3E
F427 80 3E 0049 R OA
F42C 75 03
F42E 9 F4D4 R
F431 80 3E 0049 R 06
F436 75 53
F43B IF
F439 57
F43A 56
F438 B6 04
F43D AC
F43E F6 C3 BO
F441 75 16
F443 AA
F444 AC
F445 26, BB 85 IFFF
F44A B3 C7 4F
F44D FE CE
F44F 75 EC
F451 5E
F452 5F
F453 .7
F4S4 E2 E3
CLEAR A 51 NGLE ROW
C96 PROC NEAR
MOV eL,DL
PUSH 01
REP STOSB
POP 01
ADD D I, 2000H
PUSH 01
MOV Cl,OL
REP STOSB
POP DI
RET
NUMBER OF BYTES IN FIELD
SAVE PO INTER
STORE THE NEW VALUE
PO I NTER BACK
POINT TO ODD FIELD
FILL THE ODD FILELD
RETURN TO CALLER
C96 ENDP
GRAPHICS WRITE
THIS ROUTINE WRITES THE ASCI I CHARACTER TO THE CURRENT
POSITION ON THE SCREEN.
ENTRY --
AL ::: CHARACTER TO WRITE
BL COLOR ATTRIBUTE TO BE USED FOR FOREGROUND COLOR
IF BIT 7 IS SET, THE CHAR IS XOR'D INTO THE REGEN BUFFER
(0 I S USED FOR THE BACKGROUND COLOR)
CX NUMBER OF CHARS TO WR I TE
OS DATA SEGMENT
ES REGEN SEGMENT
EXIT --
NOTH I NG I S RETURNED
GRAPH I CS READ
THIS ROUTINE READS THE ASCI I CHARACTER AT THE CURRENT CURSOR
POSITION ON THE SCREEN BY MATCHING THE DOTS ON THE SCREEN TO
THE CHARACTER GENERATOR CODE POINTS
ENTRY --
NONE (0 15 ASSUMED AS THE BACKGROUND COLOR)
EXI T --
AL ::: CHARACTER READ AT THAT POSITION (0 RETURNED IF NONE FOUND)
FOR BOTH ROUTINES, THE IMAGES USED TO FORM CHARS ARE CONTAINED IN
ROM. INTERRUPT 44H IS USED TO POINT TO THE TABLE FOR THE FIRST
128 CHARS. INTERRUPT 17H IS USEO TO POINT TO THE TABLE FOR THE
SECOND 12B CHARS
ASSUME CS: CODE, OS: DATA, ES' DATA
GRAPH I CS WR I TE PROC NEAR
XOR AH, AH ; ZERO TO HIGH OF CODE POINT
PUSH AX ; SAVE CODE POI NT VALUE
DETERMINE POSITION IN REGEN BUFFER TO PUT CODE POINTS
CALL R59 ; FIND LOCATION IN REGEN BUFFER
MOV 0 I , AX ; REGEN PO I NTER IN 0 I
DETERMINE REGION TO GET CODE POINTS FROM
POP AX i RECOVER CODE POINT
MOV 51, OFFSET CSET_PTR , ASSUME FIRST HALF
eMP AL, BOH IS IT IN FIRST HALF?
JB Rl JUMP IF IT IS
MOV SI,OFFSET EXT_PTR i SET POINTER FOR SECOND HALF
SUB AL,80H ZERO ORIGIN FOR SECOND HALF
Rl: EXTEND_CHAR
R3
R5
R6:
.7
PUSH OS SAVE DATA POINTER
XOR OX, OX
MOV OS, OX ESTABLISH VECTOR ADDRESSING
ASSUME OS: ABSO
LOS 51,DWORD PTR {51] i GET THE OFFSET OF THE TABLE
MOV OX, OS GET THE SEGMENT OF THE TABLE
ASSUME OS: DATA
POP 05
PUSH OX
DETERMINE GRAPHICS MODE
SAL AX, 1
SAL AX, 1
SAL
ADD
CMP
JE
CMP
JE
CMP
JNE
JMP
CMP
JNE
HIGH
POP
PUSH
PUSH
"OV
LODSB
TEST
JNZ
STOSB
Loose
AX,l
SI J AX
CRT_MODE,4
R9
CRT_MODE,5
R'
CRT_MODE,OAH
R3
.,6
CRT_MODE, S
R12
RESOLUT I ON MODE
D5
01
51
DH,4
eL, BOH
.8
RECOVER DATA SEGMENT
, SAVE TABLE SEGMENT ON
IN OPERATION
MULTIPLY CODE POINT
VALUE BY 8
STACK
51 HAS OFFSET OF DESIRED CODES
TEST FOR MEDIUM RESOLUTION MODE
TEST FOR MEDIUM RESOLUTION MODE
TEST FOR MED I UM RESOLUT I ON MODE
TEST FOR HI GH REsOLUTI ON MODE
GOTO LOW RESOLUTION IF NOT
RECOVER TABLE POINTER SEGMENT
SAVE REGEN POINTER
SAVE CODE POINTER
NUMBER OF TI MES THROUGH LOOP
GET BYTE FROM CODE POINTS
SHOULD WE USE THE FUNCTl ON
TO PUT CHAR IN?
STORE I N REGEN BUFFER
MOV ES: (0 I +2000H-l), AL i STORE I N SECOND HALF
ADD
OEC
JNZ
POP
POP
INC
LOOP
01, 79 MOVE TO NEXT ROW I N REGEN
DH DONE WITH LOOP
R6
RECOVER REGEN POINTER
51
DI
01
R5
PO I NT TO NEXT CHAR POS I T I ON
MORE CHARS TO WRI TE
ROM BIOS A-89
F456 E9 OF70 R
F459 26, 32 05
F45C AA
F45D AC
F45E 26: 32 85 IFFF
F463 EB EO
F465
F465 IF
F466 8A D3
F46B D1 E7
F46A E8 F659 R
F46D
F46D 57
F46E 56
F46F 86 04
F471 EB F626 R
F474 81 C7 2000
F478 E8 F626 R
F47B 81 EF 1FBO
F47F FE CE
F481 75 EE
F483 5E
F484 5F
F485 47
F486 47
F487 E2 E4
F489 EB C8
F48B
F48B IF
F48C 8A D3
F48E 01 E7
F490 01 E7
F492 E8 F66E R
F495
F49!5 57
F496 56
F497 8604
F499 E8 F&45 R
F49C 81 C7 2000
F4AO EB F&45 R
F4A3 IE
F4A4 E8 1388 R
F4A7 80 3E 0049 R 09
F4AC IF
F4AD 75 14
F4AF 81 C7 2000
F483 E8 F645 R
F48S B1 C7 2000
F4BA E8 F645 R
F4BD 81 EF 3FBO
F4C1 F CE
F4C3 81 EF IFBO
F4C7 FE CE
F4C9 75 CE
F4C8 5E
F4CC 5F
F4CO 83 C7 04
F4DO E2 C3
F4D2 EB 82
F404 IF
F405 8A D3
F407 Dl E7
F4D9 33 CO
F4DB Fa C3 01
F4DE 74 02
F4EO B4 FF
F4E2 Fa C3 00
F4E5 74 02
F4E7 80 FF
F4E9 88 D8
F4EB
F4EB 57
F4EC 56
F4ED 86 02
F4EF E8 F518 R
F4F2 81 C7 2000
F4F6 EB F518 R
F4F9 81 C7 2000
F4Fo 8 FS18 R
F!500 81 C7 2000
F504 E8 F518 R
F507 81 EF 5F60
FSOB FE CE
F500 75 EO
F50f 5E
F510 5F
F!Hl 47
F512 47
FBll E2 06
F515 E9 OF70 R
A-90 ROM BIOS
R705: JMP Y IDEO_RETURN
R8: XOR AL, ES: [D I] .; E)(CLUSI YE OR WI TH CURRENT DATA
STOs8 .; STORE THE CODE POINT
lODSB ; AGAIN FOR ODD FIELD
XOR AL, ES: [D I +2000H-ll
JMP R7 BACK TO MAINSTREAM
,------ MEDIUM RESOLUTION WRITE
R9: MED_RES_WRITE
RIO:
Rll:
POP
"OY
SAL
CAll
PUSH
PUSH
"OY
CAll
ADD
CAll
SUB
DEC
JNZ
POP
POP
INC
INC
LOOP
J"P
DS
Dl,Bl
01,1
R40
DI
51
OH,4
Rl5
01,2000H
R35
01 , 2000H-80
DH
Rll
51
DI
DI
01
RIO
R705
,------ LOW
R12:
RESOLUT I ON WR I TE
POP OS
"OY Ol,BL
SAL 01,1
SAL 01,1
CALL R42
Rll:
PUSH 01
PUSH 51
MOY DH,o4
R14: CALL R39
ADO 0 I , 2000H
CALL R3S
PUSH OS
CALL DDS
CHP CRT_MODE,09H
POP OS
JNE R15
ADD D I , 2000H
CALL R39
ADD DI,2000H
CALL R39
SUB 0 I, 4000H-80
DEC DH
R15: SUB 0 I, 2000H-SO
DEC DH
JNZ A104
POP 51
POP DI
ADD DI,4
LOOP Rll
JMP R705
RECOYER TABLE POINTER SEGMENT
SAYE HIGH COLOR BIT
OFFSET*2 SINCE 2 BVTES/CHAR
EXPAND BL TO FULL WORD OF COLOR
MED_CHAR
SAVE REGEN POINTER
SAVE THE CODE POINTER
NUMBER OF lOOPS
DO FIRST 2 BVTES
NEXT SPOT IN REGEN
DO NEXT 2 BYTES
KEEP GOING
RECOYER CODE paNTER
RECOVER REGEN POINTER
PO I NT TO NEKT CHAR POS I T I ON
MORE TO WRITE
lOW_RE5_WRI TE
RECOVER TABLE POINTER SEGMENT
SAVE HI GH COLOR BIT
OFFSET*4 SINCE 4 BYTES/CHAR
EKPAND Bl TO FULL WORD
MED_CHAR
SAVE REGEN POINTER
SAVE THE CODE POINTER
NUMBER OF lOOPS
EXPAND DOT ROW I N REGEN
POI NT TO NEXT REGEN ROW
SAVE OS
USI NG 32K REGEN AREA?
RECOVER OS
JUMP I F 16K REGEN
POINT TO NEXT REGEN ROW
E)(PAND DOT ROW I N REGEN
POI NT TO NEXT REGEN ROW
ADJUST REGEN POINTER
OF COLOR
ADJUST REGEN POINTER TO NEXT ROW
KEEP GOING
RECOYER CODE PONTER
RECOVER REGEN PO INTER
POINT TO NEXT CHAR POSITION
MORE TO WR I TE
; ----- 640X200 4 COLOR GRAPH I CS WRITE
RIG: POP OS .; RECOVER TABLE SEGMENT POINTER
MOY DL,BL .; SAYE HIGH COLOR BIT
SAL 01,1 , OFFSET*2 SINCE 2 BYTES/CHAR
EXPAND LOW 2 COLOR BITS IN BL (clcO)
INTO BX (cOeOeOcOcOeOcOeOc le le le le Ie Ie le 1)
XOR AX, AX
TEST BL,l
JZ R17
MOY AH,OFFH
R17: TEST Bl,2
JZ RIB
MOY AL,OFFH
RIB: MOY 8X, AX
R19:
PUSH 01
PUSH 51
"OY DH,2
R20: CALL R21
ADD DI,2000H
CAll R21
ADD DJ,2000H
CAll R21
ADD DI,2000H
CAll R21
SUB o I , GOOOH-160
DEC OH
JNZ R20
POP 51
POP DI
INC DI
INC DI
LOOP Rl.
JMP YIDEO_RETURN
eO COLOR BIT ON?
NO, JUMP
VES, SET ALL eO 81 TS ON
el COLOR BIT ON?
NO, JUMP
YES, SET ALL e 1 BI TS ON
COLOR MASK IN BX
SAVE REGEN POI NTER
SAVE CODE POINT POINTER
SET LOOP COUNTER
DO FIRST DOT ROW
DO NEXT DOT ROW
ADJUST REGEN POI NTER
DO NEXT DOT ROW
DO NEXT DOT ROW
ADJUST REGEN POINTER TO
KEEP GOING
NEXT ROW
RECOVER CODE POINT POINTER
RECOYER REGEN POI NTER
PO (NT TO NEXT CHARACTER
MORE TO WRI TE
FS18
F518 AC
F519 SA EO
FSIB 23 C3
F510 "F6 C2 80
F520 74-07
FS22 26 32 25
FS25 26 32 45 01
FS29 26 88 2S
F52C 26 89 45 01
F530 C3
F ~ 3 1
F531
F531
F531 E8 F729 R
. FS34 88 FO
F536 83 EC 08
FS39 SB EC
FS38 06
FS3C B6 04
F53E 80 3E 0049 R 06
F543 74 17
F545 80 3E 0049 R 04
F54A 74 61
F54C 80 3E 0049 R 05
FS51 74 5A
F553 80 3E 0049 R OA
F558 74 53
FS5A EB 18
F55C IF
F550 8A 04
F55F 88 46 00
F562 45
F563 8A 84 2000
FS67 88 46 00
F56A 45
F56B 83 C6 50
F56E FE CE
F570 75 EB
F572 EB 6E
F574 IF
F575 01 E6
FS77 01 E6
FS79 E8 F6FC R
F57C 81 C6 2000
FS80 E8 F6FC R
F583 IE
FS84 E8 138B R
FSB7 80 3E 0049 R 09
F58C IF
FSSD 75 14
FS'BF 81 C6 2000
F593 E8 F6FC R
F596 B 1 C6 2000
FS9A E8 F6FC R
FS9D alEE 3FBO
F5Al FE CE
FSA3 81 EE 1Feo
FSA7 FE CE
FSA9 75 CE
FSAB EB 35
F5AD
FSAD IF
FSAE 01 E6
F5BO EB F6C3 R
F5B3 81 C6 2000
FS97 EB F6e3 R
F5BA IE
FSBB E8 1389 R
F5BE 80 3E 0049 R OA
FSC3 IF
F5C4 75 14
F5C6 81 C6 2000
F5CA E8 F6C3 R
FSCD e 1 C6 2000
FSD 1 E8 F6C3 R
FSD4 81 EE 3F80
F5DS FE CE
FSDA
FSDA 81 EE 1FBO
FSDE FE CE
F.5EO 7S CE
R21 PROC
LODsS
MOV
AND
TEST
JZ
XOR
XOR
R22: MOV
MOV
RET
R21 ENDP
GRAPHI CS_WRI TE
; GRAPH I CS READ
NEAR
AH, AL
AX, BX
DL, SOH
R22
AH, Es: [01]
AL,Es: [01+1]
ES[OI], AH
ES:[DI+U,AL
ENOP
GET CODE POINT
COPV INTO AH
SET COLOR
XOR FUNCT ION?
NO, JUMP
EXCLUSIVE OR WITH CURRENT DATA
STORE IN REGEN 8UFFER
----------------------------------------
GRAPH I CS READ
CALL
MOV
PROC
R5'
51 I AX
SP, e
NEAR
CONVERTED TO OFFSET I N REGEN
SAVE IN 51
R23,
R24
i
R2S,
R26:
.27
~ 2 8
R29
R30
SUB
MOV BP, SP
DETERMINE GRAPHICS MODES
PUSH ES
MOV CH,4
CMP CRT_MODE, 6
JZ R23
CMP CRT_MODE,4
JZ R28
CMP CRT_MODE,5
JZ R28
CMP CRT_MODE, OAH
JZ R28
JMP SHORT R25
HIGH RES-GLUTtON READ
ALLOCATE SPACE TO SAVE THE READ
CODE POINT
PO INTER TO SAVE AREA
NUMBER OF PASSES
HIGH RESOLUTION
MED I UM RESOLUT I ON
MED r UM RESOLUT 1 ON
MEDIUM RESOLUTION
LOW RESOLUT I ON
GET VALUES FROM REGEN BUFFER AND CONVERT TO CODE POI NT
POP OS PO 1 NT TO REGEN SEGMENT
MOV AL,[Sll GET FIRST BYTE
MOV [BP], AL SAVE I N STORAGE AREA
1 NC 8P NEXT LOCAT I ON
MOV AL, [SI+2()'()OH] GET LOWER REGION BYTE
MOV [BP], AL ADJUST AND STORE
INC BP
ADD 51,80
DEC DH
JNZ R24
JMP SHORT R31
LOW RESOLUTI ON READ
POP OS
SAL 51,1
SAL SI,l
CALL R55
ADD SI,2000H
CALL RSS
PUSH OS
CALL DOS
CMP CRT MODE, S
POP OS -
JNE R27
ADD 51, 2000H
CALL R55
ADO 51 , 2000H
CALL R5S
SUB S I , 4000H-SO
DEC OH
SUB SI, 2000H-BO
DEC DH
JNZ R26
JMP SHORT R31
MED I UM RESOLUT I ON READ
POP OS
SAL 51,1
CALL R50
ADD SI, 2000H
CALL R50
PUSH OS
CALL DDS
CMF CRT_MOOE,OAH
POP OS
JNE R30
ADD SI,2000H
CALL R50
ADD 51, 2000H
CALL R50
SUB
DEC
SUB
DEC
JNZ
S I , 4000H-80
DH
51, ZOOOH-BO
DH
R2.
PO I NTER I NTO REGEN
LOOP CONTROL
00 J T SOME HORE
GO MATCH THE SAVED CODE POINTS
PO I NT TO REGEN SEGMENT
OFFSET*4 SINCE 4 BYTES/CHAR
GET 4 BYTES FROM REGEN INTO
51 NGLE SAVE
GOTO LOWER REG ION
SINGLE SAVE
SAVE OS
DO WE HAVE A 32K REGEN AREA?
NO, JUMP
GOTO LOWER REGION
51 NGLE SAVE
GOTO LOWER ,REGION
SINGLE SAVE
ADJUST POINTER
ADJUST POINTER BACK TO UPPER
; DO IT SOME MORE
GO MATCH THE SAVED CODE PO I NTs
MED _RES_READ
POi"NT TO REGEN SEGMENT
OFFSET*2 SI NCE 2 BYTES/CHAR
GET PAl R' BYTES FROM 'REGEN INTO
51 NGLE SAVE
GO TO LOWER REGlON
GET THIS PAIR INTO SAVE
SAVE OS
POINT TO BIOS OATA AREA
DO WE HAVE A 32K REGEN AREA?
NO, .JUMP
GOTO LOWER REGION
GET PAIR BYTES FROM REGEN INTO
51 NGLE SAVE
GOTO LOWER REGION
GET PAIR BYTES FROM REGEN INTO
SINGLE SAVE
ADJUST POINTER
ADJUST POINTER BACK INTO UPPER
KEEP GOING 'UNTIL ALL BOONE
ROM BIOS A-91
F!5E2
FSE2 33 CO
F5E4 8 08
FSES C4 3E 0110 R
FSEA 83 ED 08
FSEo 88 F5
F5EF FC
F5FO 32 CO
F5F2 16
F5F3 iF
F!5F4 8A OOBO
FSF7 56
F5F8 57
F5F9 89 ODDS
F5FC F31 A6
F5FE 6F
FSFF 5E
F600 74 IE
F602 FE eo
F604 83 C7 08
F607 4A
F60S 75 ED
F60A OA CO
F60e 74 12
F60E 28 eo
F610 8E OS
F612 C4 3E 007C R
F616 8C co
F61S DB e7
F61A 74 04
F61C 80 SO
F61E EB 02
F620 S3 C4 08
F623 E9 OF70 R
F626
F626
F626 AC
F627 8 F67E R
F62A 23 C3
F62C F6 C2 80
F62F 74 07
F631 26 32 25
FS34 26 32 45 01
F639 26 88 25
F63B 26 88 45 01
F63F C3
F640
F640
F640 8 F6AO R
F643 E8 E5
F645
F645
F645 AC
F646 50
F647 51
F64S 81 04
F64A 02 EB
F64C 59
F64D EB F640 R
F650 58
F651 47
F652 47
F653 EB F640 R
F6S6 4F
F657 4F
F65S C3
F659
A-92 ROM BIOS
; -------- SAVE AREA HAS CHARACTER IN IT, MATCH IT
Rll; FIND_CHAR
R32:
R33:
.OR
MOV
ASSUME
eES
SUB
MOV
ceo
.OR
PUSH
POP
MOV
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
REPE
POP
POP
JZ
AX,AX
DS,AX
os: A850
01, CSET_PTR
BP,a
SI,SP
AL,AL
55
DS
OX, 128
51
DI
CX,B
CMPSS
DI
51
R34
INC AL
AOD 01,8
DEC OX
R33
ESTA8L1SH ADDRESSING TO VECTOR
GET POINTER TO FIRST HALF
ADJUST POINTER TO BEGINNING OF
SAVE AREA
ENSURE 0 I RECT I ON
CURRENT CODE POINT BEING MATCHED
ESTABLISH ADDRESSING TO STACK
FOR THE STRING COMPARE
NUMBER TO TEST AGAINST
SAVE AREA POINTER
SAVE CODE POI NTER
NUMBER OF 8YTES TO MATCH
COMPARE THE 8 BYTES
RECOVER THE POINTERS
JF ZERO FLAG SET, THEN MATCH
OCCURRED
NO MATCH, MOVE ON TO NEXT
NEXT CODE POINT
LOOP CONTROL
; DO ALL OF THEM
; ------ CHAR NOT MATCHED, MIGHT BE I N SECOND HALF
OR AL, AL
R34
SUB AX, AX
MOV OS, AX
ASSUME os; ABSO
LES 01, EXT_PTR
MOY AX,ES
OR AX,DI
JZ R34
MOV AL,12B
JMP R32
ASSUME os: DATA
AL <) 0 I F ONL V 1ST HALF SCANNED
IF = 0, THEN ALL HAS BEEN SCANNED
ESTABLI SH ADDRESSI NG TO VECTOR
GET POINTER
SEE I F THE PO INTER REALL V EX I STS
IF ALL 0, THEN DOESN'T EXIST
NO SENSE LOOK I NG
ORIGIN FOR SECOND HALF
GO 8ACK AND TRY FOR I T
; ------ CHARACTER IS FOUND ( AL=O I F NOT FOUND )
R34; ADD SP,S READJUST THE STACK, THROW AWAY
JMP VIDEO_RETURN
;
GRAPH I CS_READ ENDP
R3S PRDe NEAR
LODSB GET CODE POINT
CALL R43 DOUBLE UP ALL THE BITS
R3G: AND AX,BX CONVERT THEM TO FOREGROUND COLOR
(OBACK)
TEST
JZ
.OR
.OR
R37: MOV
MOV
RET
R35 ENOP
R3S PROC
CALL
JMP
R38 ENOP
DL, SOH
R37
AH,ES [DIl
AL, ES [01 +1]
ES: [0 1,AH
ES:[D +11,AL
NEAR
R45
R3.
IS THIS XOR FUNCTION?
NO, STORE IT IN AS IT IS
DO FUNCTI ON WI TH HALF
AND WI TH OTHER HALF
STORE FIRST BVTE
STORE SECOND BYTE
; QUAD UP THE LOW NIBBLE
; EXPAND 1 DOT ROW OF A CHAR INTO 4 BYTES I N THE REGEN BUFFER
R39 PROC NEAR
LODSS GET CODE POINT
PUSH A. SAVE
PUSH C.
MOV CL,4 MOV HJGH NIBBLE TO LOW
SH" AL, CL
POP C.
CALL "3.
EXPAND TO 2 BVTES It PUT
POP A. RECOVER CODE POINT
INC 01 ADJUST REGEN POI NTER
INC DI
CALL R3. EXPAND LOW NI BBLE It PUT
DEC 01 RESTORE REGEN POINTER
DEC DI
RET
R3. ENDP
EXPAND_MED_COLOR
THIS ROUTINE EXPANDS THE LOW 2 BITS IN BL TO
FILL THE ENTIRE BX REGISTER
ENTRY --
BL = COLOR TO BE USED ( LOW 2 BITS )
EXIT --
IN REGEN
IN REGEN
BX = COLOR TO BE USED ( 8 REPLICATIONS OF THE 2 COLOR BITS)
F659
F659 80 E3 03
F65C 8A C3
F65E 51
F65F 89 0003
F662 DO EO
F664 DO EO
F666 OA 08
F668 E2 F8
F66A SA F8
F66C 59
F660 C3
F66E
F66E
F66E 51
F66F SO E3 OF
F672 SA FB
F674 B1 04
F676 D2 E7
FS78 OA FB
F67A SA OF
F67C 59
F67D C3
F67E
F67E
FS7E 52
F67F 51
F6BO 53
F6Bl 28 02
F683 99 0001
F6e6 BB DB
FS88 23 09
F6SA 08 03
F6BC 01 EO
FSBE 01 El
F690 BB 08
FS92 23 09
F694 OB 03
F696 01 E1
F69S 73 EC
F69A BB C2
F6ge 5B
F69D 59
F69E 5A
F69F C3
F6AO
F6AO
F6AO 52
F6Al 33 02
FSA3 AS 08
FSA5 74 03
F6A7 80 CE FO
FSAA AS 04
F6AC 74 03
F6AE BO CE OF
FGB1 A8 02
FSB3 74 03
FGB5 80 eA FO
FGBS A8 01
F6BA 74 03
F6BC 80 CA OF
FS8F 88 C2
F6Cl 5A
F6C2 C3
F6C3
R40 PROC
AND
R41:
ISOLATE THE COLOR BITS
COPY TO Al
SAVE REGISTER
NUMBER OF TIMES TO DO THIS
lEFT SHIFT BY 2
HOV
PUSH
HOV
SAL
SAL
OR
lOOP
HOV
POP
RET
NEAR
Bl,3
Al, Bl
ex
CX,3
Al,l
Al,l
Bl, Al
R41
BH, Bl
ex
ANOTHER COLOR VERSION INTO Bl
FIll All OF Bl
FIll UPPER PORT I ON
REGISTER BACK
ALL DONE
R40 ENOP
EXPAND lOW COLOR
THIS ROUTINE EXPANDS THE lOW 4 BITS IN Bl TO
Fill THE ENT I RE BX REG I STER
ENTRV --
Bl = COLOR TO BE USED ( lOW 4 BITS J
EXI T --
ex = COLOR TO BE USED ( 4 REPLI CAli ONS OF THE 4 COLOR BITS )
R42
ISOLATE THE COLOR BITS
COPV TO BH
MOVE TO HIGH NI8BlE
PROC
PUSH
AND
HOV
HOV
SHL
OR
NEAR
ex
Bl,OFH
SH,Sl
Cl,4
BH, Cl
BH, Bl MAKE BYTE FROM HI GH AND lOW
NIBBLES
R42
HOV
POP
RET
ENOP
EXPAND_BYTE
Bl,SH
ex
All DONE
THIS ROUTINE TAKES THE BYTE IN Al AND DOUBLES ALL
OF THE BllS, TURNING THE 8 BITS INTO 16 BITS
THE RESULT 1 S lEFT I N AX
; - --- --------- -------- --------- - --- ----------
R43 PROC NEAR
PUSH OX
PUSH ex
PUSH ax
SUB DX, OX
MOV ex, 1
R44: MOV ex, AX
AND BX,CX
OR DX,BX
SHl AX, 1
sHl CX,l
MOV ex, AX
AND BX, CX
OR OX, ax
SAVE REG I STERS
RESUL T REG 1 STER
MASK REGISTER
BASE 1 NTO TEMP
USE MASK TO EXTRACT A BIT
PUT INTO RESULT REG I STER
SHI FT BASE AND MASK BY 1
SASE TO TEMP
EXTRACT THE SAME BIT
PUT INTO RESULT
SHl ex, 1 SHIFT ONLY MASK NOW, MOVING TO
NEXT BASE
R43
MOV
POP
POP
POP
RET
ENOP
EXPAND_NIBBLE
R44
AX, ox
ex
ex
ox
USE MASK BIT COMING OUT TO
TERMINATE
RESULT TO PARM REGISTER
RECOVER REGI STERS
All DONE
THIS ROUTINE TAKES THE lOW NIBBLE IN Al AND QUADS ALL
OF THE BITS, TURNING THE 4 BITS INTO Hi BITS.
THE RESULT IS lEFT IN AX
R45
R46;
R47
R4B;
R4S:
R4S
PRoe
PUSH
XOR
TEST
JZ
OR
TEST
JZ
OR
TEST
JZ
OR
TEST
JZ
OR
MOV
POP
RET
ENDP
NEAR
ox
OX, OX
Al,8
R4.
DH,OFOH
Al,4
R47
DH, OFH
Al,2
R48
Dl,OFOH
AL,l
R4'
Dl, OFH
AX, DX
ox
; SAVE REGISTERS
; RESUL T REG I STER
RESUL T TO PARM REG I STER
RECOVER REG I STERS
All DONE
ROM BIOS A-93
F6e3
F6C3 SA 24
F6es SA 44 01
FSCS IE
F6e9 E8 138B R
F6ec 80 3E 0049
F6D1 IF
F6D2 75 11
F604 53
FSDS
B"
OOOS
F6nS DO FC
F6DA 01 DB
F6De DO FB
F6DE 01 DB
F6EO E2 F6
F6E2 8B C3
F6E4 5B
F6ES B9 cooo
F6EB 32 02
F6EA 85 C1
F6EC 74 01
F6EE
F"
F6EF DO 02
F6F1 01 E9
F6F3 o 1 9
F6F5 73 F3
FSF7 aa 56 00
F6FA 45
F6FS C3
F6'FC
F6FC
FSFC 811, 24
F6FE 811, 44 01
F701 32 02
F703 E8 F714 R
F706 SA 64 02
F709 SA 44 03
F70C E8 F714 R
F70F 88 56 00
F712 45
F713 C3
F714
F714
F714 89 FOOO
F717 B5 C1
F719 74 01
F7lB F9
F71C DO 02
F7lE D 1 E9
F720 D 1 E9
F722 01 E9
F724 D 1 E9
F72G 73 EF
F728 C3
F729
R OA
A-94 ROM BIOS
HED_READ_BYTE
THIS ROUTINE WILL TAKE 2 SYTES FROM THE REGEN BUFFER,
COMPARE AGAI NST THE CURRENT FOREGROUND COLOR, AND 'PLACE
THE CORRESPONDING ON/OFF BIT PATTERN INTO THE CURRENT
POSt TI ON I N THE SAVE AREA
ENTRY --
SI, OS = 'POINTER TO REGEN AREA OF INTEREST
ex = EXPANDED FOREGROUND COLOR
BP = POINTER TO SAVE AREA
EXI T --
BP 15 I NCREMENT AFTER SAVE
R50 PROC NEAR
MOV AH,[Sl) GET FIRST BYTE
MOV AL, [SI+1) GET SECOND BYTE
PUSH OS SAVE OS
CALL DDS POINT TO BIOS DATA AREA
CMP eRT_MODE,OAH IN 640X200 4 COLOR MODE?
POP OS RESTORE REGEN SEG
JNE R52 , NO, JUMP
IN 640X200 4 COLOR MODE, ALL THE cO BI TS ARE 'IN ONE BYTEI AND
THE el BITS ARE IN THE NEXT BYTE. HERE WE CHANGE THEM BACK TO
NORMAL cleO ADJA.cENT PAIRS_
R5l:
R52:
R53:
R54-
PUSH ex
MOV CX, B
SAR AH, 1
ReR BX, 1
SAR AL, 1
ReR BX, 1
LOOP RS1
MOV AX,eX
POP BX
ex, aeaDOH
DL, D_L
AX,CX
054
SAVE REG
SET LOOP COUNTER
cO -BIT J NTO CARRY
AND INTO ax
e 1 BIT J NTO CARRY
AND INTO ex
REPEAT
RESUL T I NTO AX
RESTORE ex
2 BIT MASK TO TEST THE ENTRIES
RESULT REGISTER
15 TH-IS SECTION BACKGROUND?
IF ZEROI IT 15 BACKGROUND
WASN '-T I SO SET CARRY
MOVE: THAT BIT INTO THE RESULT
ALL
MOV
XOR
TEST
JZ
STC
OCL
SHR
SHR
DL, 1
eX,1
CX,1 MOVE THE MASK TO THE RIGHT
BITS
BY 2
R50
JNC
MOV
INC
RET
ENOP
R53
[BP1,DL
BP
DO IT AGAIN IF MASK -DIDN'T
OUT
STORE RESULT I N SAVE AREA
ADJUST POI NTER
ALL DONE
LOW READ BYTE
THIS ROUTINE WILL TAKE 4 BYTES FROM THE REGEN BUFFER,
COMPARE FOR BACKGROUND COLOR, AND PLACE
THE CORRESPONDI,NG ON/OFF BIT PATTERN INTO THE CURRENT
POSI TI ON IN THE SAVE AREA
ENTRY --
SI,DS = POINTER TO REGEN AREA OF INTEREST
BP ::: PO I-NTER TO SAVE AREA
EXI T --
R55
R56
BP 15 I NCREMENT AFTER SAVE
NEAR
AH, [SI)
AL, [51+1)
Dt, DL
R56
AH. CSI+.21
AL, [51 +3]
R56
CBP], DL
BP
; GET FIRST 2 BVTES
;BUILD HIGH NIBBLE
; GET SECOND .2 BYTES
;BUILD LOW NIBBLE
j STORE RESULT I N SAVE AREA
;ADJUST POINTER
FALL
R57:
PROC
MOV
MOV
XOR
CALL
MOV
MOV
CALL
MOV
INC
RET
ENDP
PROC
MOV
-TEST
JZ
STC
RCL
SHR
SHR
SHR
SHR
JNC
RET
ENDP
NEAR
CXIOFOOOH
AX, CX
4 81 T -MASK TO TEST THE ENTRI ES
I.S THI S SECTJ ON BACKGROUND?
R5B:
R56
R5B
DL, 1
ex, 1
eX,1
eX,1
CX, I
R57
IF ZERO, IT IS BACKGROUND
; WASN'T, SO SET CARRY
iMOVE THAT BIT INTO RESULT
jMOVE MASK RIGH 4 BITS
; DO IT AGAIN IF MASK DID'T FALL OUT
F729
F729 Al 0050 R
F72C
F72C 53
F720 88 08
F72F aA C4
F731 F6 26 004A R
F735 ao 3E 0049 R 09
F73A 73 02
F73C 01 EO
F73E Dl EO
F740 2A FF
F742 03 C3
F744 5B
F745 C3
F746
F746
F746 03 03 05 05 03
03 00 02 03 04
F751
F751 32 E4
F753 SA 03DA
F756 EC
F757 AS 04
F7159 74 03
F75B E9 F803 R
F7SE A8 02
F760 75 03
F762 E9 F80D R
F765 B4 10
F767 BB 16 0063 R
F76B SA C4
F76D EE
F76E 42
F76F EC
F770 8A E8
F772 4A
F773 FE C4
F775 SA C4
F777 EE
F778 42
F779 EC
F77A 814 E5
F'77C aA IE 0049 R
F780 2A FF
03
F782 2E: 8A 9F F746 R
F787 2B C3
F789 3D OFAO
F7aC 72 02
F'78E 33 CO
F790 88 IE 004E R
F794 01 E9
F796 29 C3
F798 79 02
F79A 28 CO
F79C
F7eC 81 03
F79E 80 3E 0049 R 04
F7A3 72 414
F'7A5 B2 28
F7A7 80 3E 0049 R 09
F7At 72 02
F7AE B2 50
F7BO F6 F2
V4_POSI TI ON
THIS ROUTINE TAKES THE CURSOR POSITION CONTAINED IN
THE MEMORY LOCATION, AND CONVERTS IT INTO AN OFFSET
INTO THE REGEN BUFFER, ASSUMING ONE BYTE/CHAR.
FOR MEDI UM RESOLUTION GRAPHICS, THE NUMBER MUST
BE DOUBLED.
ENTRV -- NO REG I STERS, MEMORY LOCATI ON CURSOR_POSN I S USED
EXIT--
AX CONTAINS OFFSET INTO REGEN BUFFER
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
MOV AX, CURSOR_POSN GET CURRENT CURSOR
GRAPH_POSN LABEL NEAR
PUSH BX SAVE REGISTER
MOV BX, AX SAVE A COpy OF CURRENT CURSOR
MOY AL, AH ; GET ROWS TO AL
MUL BVTE PTR CRT _COLS ; MULTI PL V BV aYTES/COLUMN
CMP CRT_MODE,9 MODE USING 32K REGEN?
JNC R&O YES, .JUMP
SHL AX,l MULTIPLV * 4 SINCE 4 ROWS/BYTE
R60: SHL AX,I
SUB 8H,8H
ADD AX,BX
POP BX
RET
059 ENDP
LIGHT PEN
ISOLATE COLUMN VALUE
DETER""I NE OFFSET
RECOVER PO I MTER
ALL DONE
TH! S ROUTI NE TESTS THE LIGHT PEN SWI TCH AND THE LI GHT
PEN TRIGGER. IF BOTH ARE SET, THE LOCATION OF THE LIGHT
PEN IS DETERMINED. OTHERWISE, A RETURN WITH NO INFORMATION
IS MADE.
ON EXIT:
(AH) ;;; a IF NO LIGHT PEN INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE
SX, CX, DX ARE DESTROVED
(AH) 1 IF LIGHT PEN IS AVAILABLE
(DH,DU ;;; ROW, COLUMN OF CURRENT LIGHT PEN POSITION
(CH) ;;; RASTER POSITION
(8X) ;;; BEST GUESS AT PIXEL HORIZONTAL POSITION
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
; ----- SUBTRACT_TABLE
Y 1 LABEL BYTE
DB 3,3,5,5,3,3,3,0,2,3,4
READ_LPEN PROC NEAR
; ----- WAIT FOR LI GHT PEN TO BE DEPRESSED
XOR AH, AH ; SET NO LI GHT PEN RETURN CODE
MOV OX, VGA_CTL ; GET ADDRESS OF VGA CONTROL REG
IN AL, OX ; GET STATUS REGISTER
TEST AL,4 ; TEST LIGHT PEN SWITCH
JZ V7B
JMP V6
; ----- NOW TEST FOR LIGHT
V7S: TEST AL,2
; NOT SET, RETURN
PEN TRIGGER
TEST L t GHT PEN TR J CGER
JNZ Y7A RETURN WI THOUT RESETTI NG TRI GGER
JMP '17
; ----- TR I GGER HAS BEEN SET, READ THE VALUE t N
V7A: MOV AH,16
INPUT REGS POINTED TO BV
; LIGHT PEN REGISTERS ON 6845
AH, AND CONYERT TO ROW COLUMN
MOV OX, ADDR_6S45
HOY AL, AH
OUT OX, AL
INC Ox
IN AL,DX
MOV CH, AL
DEC ox
INC AH
MOY AL, AH
OUT DX.AL
INC ox
IN AL,DX
MOV AH, CH
; ----- AX HAS THE YALUE READ
MOV BL, CRT_MODE
SUB BH, BH
MOV BL,CS:VHBX)
SUB AX, BX
CNP AX, 4000
JB '115
)CDR AX, AX
Y15: NOV BX, CRT_START
SHR BX,I
ADDRESS REGISTER FOR 6845
REGISTER TO READ
SET IT UP
DATA REGISTER
GET THE VALUE
SAVE IN CX
ADDRESS REGISTER
SECOND DATA REGI STER
POINT TO DATA REGISTER
GET SECOND DATA VALUE
AX HAS I NPUT VALUE
I N FROM THE 6945
MODE VALUE TO BX
DETERMI NE AMOUNT TO SUBTRACT
TAKE IT AWAV
IN TOP OR BOTTOM BORDER?
NO, OKAY
VES, SET TO ZERO
IN OX
SUB AX, BX CONYERT TO CORRECT PAGE ORI GIN
JNS '12 IF POSITIVE, DETERMINE MODE
SUB AX, AX ; (0 PLAYS AS 0
; ----- DETERMINE MODE OF OPERATION
Y2: DETERMINE MODE
MOV CL,3 SET _8 SHIFT COUNT
CMP CRT_MODE,4 DETERMINE IF GRAPHICS OR ALPHA
JB '14 ALPHA_PEN
; ----- GRAPH I CS MODE
MOY OL,40
CNP CRT_MODE,9
JB V20
MOV DL, SO
V20: 01'1 DL
DIVISOR FOR GRAPHICS
US I NG 32K REGEN?
NO, JUMP
YES, SET RIGHT DIYSOR
DETERMINE ROW(AU AND COLUMN(AH)
AL RANGE 0-99, AH RANGE 0-39
ROM BIOS A-95
F7B2 BA ES
F784 02 ED
F706 80 JE 0049 R 09
F7eB 72 06
F7eD 00 EC
F7BF 00 EO
F7Cl 02 EO
F7e3 SA DC
F7C5 2A FF
F7C7 80 3E 0049 R 06
F7ec 72 15
F7eE 77 06
FlDO Bl 04
F702 DO E4
F704 EB 00
FlD6 80 3E 0049 R 09
F70S 77 F3
F70D 74 04
F7DF 81 02
F7El DO EC
F7E3
F7E3 03 E3
F7E5 SA 04
F7E7 SA FO
F7E9 DO EE
F7EB DO EE
F7EO EB 12
F7EF
F7EF F6 36 004A R
F7F3 8A FO
F7F5 SA 04
F7F7 02 EO
FlF9 a4 ES
F7FB BA DC
F7FD 32 FF
F7FF 03 E3
FaOl
FaOl 84 01
FB03
F803 52
FS04 S8 16 0063 R
Faoa 83 C2 07
Fa08 EE
FBOC 5A
FeOD
F80D 5F
FBOE 5E
FSOF IF
FBtO IF
FSll IF
FB12 IF
FB 13 07
FB 14 CF
FB15
FBtS
FBt5 IE
FBlS 50
FBll E8 1388 R
FatA 80 08
F8lC E6 20
Fe tE 90
FatF E4 20
F821 SA EO
FB23 OA C4
F825 75 04
FB27 B4 FF
FS29 Ea OA
F82B E4 21
FB2D OA C4
F82F ES 21
F831 80 20
F833 E6 20
F835
FB35 BB 26 0084 R
F839 58
FS3A IF
FB3a FB
FB3C
F83C CF
FS3D
A-96 ROM BIOS
V2l
V22
V23:
V3:
;
V4:
V5
V6
V7:
DETERMINE GRAPHIC ROW pos TION
MOV CH, AL SAVE ROW VALUE INCH
ADD CH, CH *2 FOR EVEN/ODD FI ELD
CMP CRT_MODE, 9 USI NG 32K REGEN?
,J8 V21 NO, JUMP
SHR AH, 1 AD,JUST ROW Be COLUMN
SHl AL, 1
ADD CH, CH
MOV eL, AH
SUB BH, BH
eMP CRT MODE, S
JB V3 -
MOV
SAL
~ M P
eMP
~
~ E
MOV
SHR
V23
CL,04
AH,l
SHORT V3
CRT_MODE,9
V22
V3
CL,2
AH,l
*4 FOR 4 SCAN LI NES
COLUMN VALUE TO BX
MUL TI PL V BY S FOR MED I UM RES
DETERMINE MEDIUM OR HIGH RES
MODE 4 OR 5
MODE 8, 9, OR A
SH I FT VALUE FOR HIGH RES
COLUMN VALUE TIMES 2 FOR HIGH RES
CHECK MODE
MODE A
MODE 9
MODE 8 SHIFT VALUE
NOT_HI GH_RES
SHL BX,CL MULTIPLY *16 FOR HIGH RES
DETERMINE ALPHA CHAR POSITION
MOV DL, AH
MOV DH, AL
SHR DH, 1
SHR DH, 1
...IMP SHORT V5
ALPHA MODE ON LI GHT PEN
COLUMN VALUE FOR RETURN
ROW VALUE
DIVIDE BY 4
FOR VALUE IN 0-24 RANGE
LIGHT _PEN_RETURN_SET
; ALPHA_PEN
DIV BYTE PTR CRT_eOLS DETERMINE ROW, COLUMN VALUE
MOV OH, AL ROWS TO DH
MOV Dl, AH COlS TO DL
SAL AL, CL MULTIPLY ROWS * B
MOV CH, AL GET RASTER VALUE TO RETURN REG
MOV BL, AH COLUMN VALUE
)(OR BH, eH TO ex
SAL ex, CL
MOV
PUSH
MOV
ADD
OUT
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
I RET
AH,l
DX
ox, AODR_6Bo45
OX,7
ox, AL
OX
DI
51
D5
D5
D5
D5
ES
LIGHT _PEN_RETURN_SET
INDICATE EVERYTHING SET
LIGHT _PEN_RETURN
SAVE RETURN VALUE (I N CASE)
GET BASE ADDRESS
POI NT TO RESET PARM
ADDRESS, NOT DATA, IS IMPORTANT
RECOVER VALUE
RETURN_NO_RESET
DISCARD SAVED BX, CX,DX
READ_LPEN ENDP
TEMPORARY INTERRUPT SERVI CE ROUTI NE
1 THIS ROUTINE IS ALSO LEFT IN PLACE AFTER THE
POWER ON DIAGNOSTICS TO SERVICE UNUSED
I NTERRUPT VECTORS LOCAT I ON I I NTR_FLAG' WI LL
CONTAIN EITHER: 1. LEVEL OF HARDWARE INT. THAT
CAUSED CODE TO BE EXEC
2 'FF' FOR NON-HARDWARE INTERRUPTS THAT WERE
EXECUTED ACC I DENTL Y.
; --------------------------------------------------------
o 11 PROC NEAR
ASSUME 05: DATA
PUSH
PUSH
CALL
MOV
OUT
NOP
IN
MOV
OR
~ N Z
MOV
JMP
OR
OUT
MOV
OUT
MOV
POP
POP
STI
DUMMY RETURN
- IRET
D 11 ENDP
OS
AX
DDS
AL,OSH
INTAOO, AL
AL,INTAOO
AH, AL
AL, AH
HW INT
AH:-OFFH
SAVE REG AX CONTENTS
READ I N-SERV J CE REG
(FINO OUT WHAT LEVEL
SERVI CD)
GET LEVEL
SAVE IT
BEING
OO? (NO HARDWARE ISR ACTIVE)
SHORT SET I NTR FLAG SET FLAG TO FF IF NON-HDWARE
AL,INTAOl- - GET MASK VALUE
AL,AH ; MASK OFF LVL BEING SERVICED
INTAOl, AL
AL, EOI
INTAOO, AL
I NTR_FLAG I AH
AX
OS
SET FLAG
RESTORE REG AX CONTENTS
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
NEED I RET FOR VECTOR TABLE
FB41
FB41
FB41 FB
FB42 IE
FB43 B8 ---- R
F846 BE DB
F848 Al 0013 R
FB4B IF
FS4C CF
FB4D
FS4D
FS4D
FB4D FB
F84E lE
FB4F aB ---- R
FS52 8E DB
F854 Ai 0010 R
FBS7 iF
FSSS CF
FBS9
F8S9
F859
FS!59 FB
FSSA lE
Fess EB 1389 R
FS5E BO 26 0071
F86l EB FS6A R
FB66 iF
FSS7 CA 0002
FB6A
F86A
R 7F
--- I NT 12 ---------------------------------
MEMORY SIZE DETERMINE
INPUT - -
NO REG I STERS
THE MEMORY SIZE VARIABLE IS SET DURING POWER ON DIAGNOSTICS
OUTPUT -
(A)() = NUMBER OF CONTI GUOUS 1K BLOCKS OF MEMORY
ASSUME CS: CODE, OS: DATA
ORG OF841H
MEMORY_SIZE_DETERMINE PROC
STl
PUSH
MOV
MOV
MOV
POP
IRET
DS
AX, DATA
DS,AX
AX, MEMORY_51 ZE
DS
MEMORY_51 ZE_DETERMI NE ENDP
FAR
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
SAVE SEGMENT
ESTABLISH ADDRESSING
GET VALUE
RECOVER SEGMENT
RETURN TO CALLER
; --- I NT 11 ------------------------------------
EQUIPMENT DETERMINATION
INPUT
THIS ROUTINE ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE WHAT
DEVICES ARE ATTACHED TO THE SYSTEM.
NO REGISTERS
OPTIONAL
THE EQUIP_FLAG VARIABLE IS SET DURING THE POWER ON
DIAGNOSTICS USING THE FOLLOWING HARDWARE ASSUMPTIONS:
PORT 62 (0-)3) = LOW ORDER BYTE OF EQUIPMENT
PORT 3FA :;: I NTERRUPT I D REGI STER OF 8250
SITS 7-3 ARE ALWAYS a
PORT 379 = OUTPUT PORT OF PRINTER -- 8255 PORT THAT
CAN BE READ AS WELL AS WRI TTEN
OUTPUT
(AX) IS SET, BIT SIGNIFICANT, TO INDICATE ATTACHED 1/0
BIT 15,14 = NUMBER OF PRINTERS ATTACHED
BIT 13 = 1 = SERIAL PRINTER ATTACHED
BIT 12 = GAME 1/0 ATTACHED
BIT 11,10,9 = NUMBER OF R5232 CARDS ATTACHED
BIT 8 0 = OMA CHI P PRESENT ON SYSTEM, 1 = NO DMA ON SVSTEM
BIT 7,6 = NUMBER OF DISKETTE DRIVES
00=1, 01=2, 10=3. 11=4 ONLY IF BIT 0 = I
BIT 5,4 = INITIAL VIDEO MODE
00 - UNUSED
01 - 40X25 BW USING COLOR CARD
10 - 80X25 BW US I NG COLOR CARD
11 - 80X25 OW USING BW CARD
BIT 3,2 = PLANAR RAM 51 ZE (10=48K, 11=64K)
BIT 1 NOT USED
BIT 0 = 1 (IPL DISKETTE INSTALLED)
NO OTHER REG ISTERS AFFECTED
ASSUME
ORG
EQUIPMENT
STl
PUSH
MOV
MOV
MOV
POP
IRET
EQUIPMENT
CS; CODE, OS: DATA
OF84DH
PRoe FAR
DS
AK, DATA
OS,AX
AX, EQUIP_FLAG
DS
ENDP
1 NTERRUPTS BACK ON
SAVE SEGMENT REGISTER
ESTABLISH ADDRESSING
GET THE CURRENT SETTI NGS
RECOVER SEGMENT
RETURN TO CAllER
; --- I NT 15 ----------------------------------------------------
CASSETTE 1/0
o TURN CASSETTE MOTOR ON
1 TURN CASSETTE MOTOR OFF
(AH)
(AH)
(AH) 2 READ 1 OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS FROM CASSETTE
(E5, ax) ;; POINTER TO DATA BUFFER
(ex) = COUNT OF BYTES TO READ
ON EXIT
(ES, BX) = PO I NTER TO lAST BYTE READ + 1
(OX) COUNT OF BYTES ACTUALL V READ
(CV) 0 [F NO ERROR OCCURRED
1 I F ERROR OCCURRED
(AH) ERROR RETURN IF (CY)= 1
= 01 IF CRe ERROR WAS DETECTED
;; 02 IF DATA TRANSITIONS ARE lOST
= 04 IF NO DATA WAS FOUND
(AH) 3 WRI TE I OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS TO CASSETTE
(5, ax) = POINTER TO DATA BUFFER
(CX) = COUNT OF BYTES TO WRITE
ON EXIT
(EX,BX) = POINTER TO LAST BYTE WRITTEN + 1
(C)() = 0
(AH) = ANV OTHER THAN ABOVE VALUES CAUSES (CY) = 1
AND (AH) = BO TO BE RETURNED (I NVALI 0 COMMAND L
ASSUME
ORG
CASSETTE_I 0
STI
PUSH
CALL
AND
CALL
POP
RET
CASSETTE_I 0
W1 PROC
OS: DATA, ES; NOTHING, 55; NOTHI NG, CS: CODE
OF859H
PROC FAR
I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
OS ESTABLISH ADDRESSING TO DATA
DDS
BIOS_BREAK, 7FH MAKE SURE BREAK FLAG IS OFF
WI CASSETTE_IO_CONT
DS
2 I NTERRUPT RETURN
ENDP
NEAR
ROM BIOS A-97
F8GA OA E4
FSSe: 74 13
F86E FE CC
F870 74 18
FB72 FE e:C
F874 74 lA
F87S FE CC
FS7S 75 03
FS7A E9 F997 R
F87D
FS7D 84 80
F87F F9
F8BO C3
FH81
FBSI
FBBI E4 61
F883 24 F7
FB8S E6 61
FS87 2A E4
F889 C3
FOBA
FBBA
FSBA E4 61
F8BC De: DB
FaDE EO F5
F890
FOgO
Fe90 53
F891 51
FS92 56
F893 BE 0007
FS9S E8 FA50 R
FS9S
FB99 E4 62
FB9S 24 10
Fa9D A2 006B R
F8AO SA 3F7A
FBA3
FBA3 F6 0& 0071 R 80
F8AB 75 03
FOAA 4A
FBAS 75 03
FBAD E9 F92F R
FB90 EO F96F R
FOB3 E3 EE
F8B5 BA 0378
FOSB 99 0200
FBBS FA
FBBC
FOSC F6 06 0071 SD
F8CI 75 SC
FBC3 51
F8C4 EB F96F R
Foe7 00 C9
F8C9 59
FBCA 74 CD
FBCC 3B D3
F8CE E3 04
FBDO 73 C7
FSD2 E2 E8
FBD4
F8D4 72 6
A-98 ROM BIOS
PURPOSE;
W2:
TO CALL APPROPRIATE ROUTINE DEPENDING ON REG AH
AH ROUTINE
OR
JZ
DEC
JZ
DEC
JZ
DEC
JNZ
JMP
MOV
STC
RET
MOTOR ON
MOTOR OFF
READ CASSETTE BLOCK
WRITE CASSETTE BLOCK
AH,AH
MOTOR_ON
AH
MOTOR OFF
AH -
READ_BLOCK
AH
W2
WRITE_BLOCK
AH,OBOH
TURN ON MOTOR?
YES, DO IT
TURN OFF MOTOR?
YES, DO IT
READ CASSETTE BLOCK?
YES, DO IT
WRI TE CASSETTE BLOCK?
NOT_DEFI NED
YES, DO IT
COMMAND NOT OEFI NED
ERROR, UNDEFINED OPERATION
ERROR FLAG
WI ENDP
MOTOR_ON PRoe NEAR
~ ; ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~
W3:
TO TURN ON CASSETTE MOTOR
IN
AND
OUT
SUB
AL,PORT_B
AL, NOT OBH
PORT_B. AL
AH, AH
READ CASSETTE OUTPUT
CL.EAR BIT TO TURN ON MOTOR
WRITE IT OUT
CLEAR AH
RET
MOTOR_ON
MOTOR_OFF
ENDP
PROC NEAR
~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ; ~ ~
TO TURN CASSETTE MOTOR OFF
IN
OR
JMP
AL, PORT_B
AL,OBH
W3
READ CASSETTE OUTPUT
; SET BIT TO TURN OFF
; WR ITE IT, CLEAR ERROR, RETURN
MOTOR OFF
READ_BLOCK
ENDP
PROC NEAR
PURPOSE:
TO READ 1 OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS FROM CASSETTE
ON ENTRY;
ES J S SEGMENT FOR MEMORY BUFFER (FOR COMPACT CODE)
BX POINTS TO START OF MEMORY BUFFER
CK CONTAINS NUMBER OF BYTES TO READ
ON EXIT:
W4:
W5:
W6A:
W7:
WO:
W9:
BX POINTS 1 BYTE PAST LAST BYTE PUT IN MEM
C)( CONTAINS DECREMENTED BYTE COUNT
DX CONTAINS NUMBER OF BYTES ACTUALLY READ
CARRY FLAG I S CLEAR I F NO ERROR DETECTED
CARRY FLAG I S SET IF CRC ERROR DETECTED
PUSH 8X SAVE BX
PUSH CX SAVE CX
PUSH SI SAVE 51
MOV 51, 7 SET UP RETRY COUNT FOR LEADER
CALL BEGIN_OP BEGIN BY STARTING MOTOR
SEARCH FOR LEADER
IN AL, PORT_C GET INITIAL VALUE
AND AL,010H MASK OFF EXTRANEOUS SITS
MOV LAST_VAL, AL SAVE IN LOC LAST_VAL
MOV OX, 16250 OF TRANS I TI ONS TO LOOK FOR
WA I T_FOR_EDGE
TEST BIOS_BREAK, 80H CHECK FOR BREAK KEY
JNZ W6A JUMP I F NO BREAK KEY
.JUMP I F BREAK KEY HIT
DEC DX
JNZ W7 JUMP tF BEGINNING OF LEADER
JMP W17 .JUMP I F NO LEADER FOUND
CALL READ _HALF _9 I T IGNORE FIRST EDGE
JCXZ W5 .JUMP IF NO EDGE DETECTED
MOV DX,0378H CHECK FOR HALF BI TS
MOV CK,200H MUST HAVE AT LEAST THIS MANY ONE
51 ZE PULSES BEFORE CHCtcNG FOR
SYNC BIT (0)
CLI o I SABLE INTERRUPTS
SEARCH-LOR
TEST BIOS_BREAK, 80H CHECK FOR BREAK KEY
JHZ W17 JUMP I F BREAK KEY HI T
PUSH CX SAVE REG ex
CALL READ _HALF _8 I T GET PULSE WIDTH
OR CX, ex CHECK FOR TRANSITION
POP CX RESTORE ONE B IT COUNTER
JZ W4 JUMP IF NO TRANSITION
CMP DX,BK CHECK PULSE WID TH
JCXZ W9 IF ex=o THEN WE CAN LOOK
FOR SYNC BIT (0)
JNe W4 JUMP IF ZERO BIT CNOT GOOD
LEADER)
LOOP W8 DEC ex AND READ ANOTHER HALF ONE
SIT
FIND-SYNC
JC W8 JUMP IF ONE BIT (STILL LEADER)
FBDS EB F96F R
FeD9 EB F941 R
F8DC 3C 16
F8D"E 75 49
FeED 5E
FaEl 59
FBE2 59
FBE3 51
FSE4
FBE4 C7 06 0069 R FFFF
FBEA SA 0100
FBED
FaED F6 06 0071 R 80
FBF2 75 23
F8F4 E8 F941 R
FeF7 72 lE
FBFS E3 05
F8FB
F8FE
FeFF
FSOO
F900
F901
F903
F90S
FSOS
F9DS
F9ll
F913
2S: 88 07
.3
4.
4A
7F EA
E8 F941 R
Ea F941 R
2A E4
81 3E 0069 R lOOF
75 06
E3 06
F915 EB CD
F917
F917 84 01
FSl9
FSI9 FE C4
F918
F9lB 5A
F9lC 28" 01
FS1E 50
F9IF F6 C4 SO
F922 75 13
F924 EB F941 R
F927 EB OE
F929
F92S 4E
F92A 74 03
F92C E9 FB99 R
F92F
F92F 5E
F930 59
F931 59
F932 2B 02
F934 84 04
F936 50
F937
F937 FB
F93B E8 FaaA R
F93B 58
F93C BO FC 01
F93F F5
F940 C3
F94!
A SYNCH BIT HAS BEEN FOUND READ SVN CHARACTER
CALL READ _HALF _B IT
CALL READ_BYTE
SKIP OTHER HALF OF SYNC BIT (0)
READ SYNC BYTE
CMP AL, ISH
JNE W!S
GOOD CRC 50 READ DATA
POP 51
POP CX
POP BX
SYNCHRON I ZAT I ON CHARACTER
; JUMP I F BAD LEADER FOUND.
BLOCK( 5)
RESTORE REGS
READ ! OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS FROM CASSETTE
ON ENTRY:
ES IS SEGMENT FOR MEMORV BUFFER (FOR COMPACT CODE)
8)( POINTS TO START OF MEMORY BUFFER
CX CONTAINS NUMBER OF BYTES TO READ
ON EXIT:
WlO:
Wl!:
BX POI NTS 1 BVTE PAST LAST BYTE PUT IN MEM
CX CONT A I NS DECREMENTED BYTE COUNT
OX CONTAINS NUMBER OF BvTES ACTUALLY REAO
PUSH
MOV
MOV
TEST
JNZ
CALL
JC
JCXZ
CX
CRC_REG,OFFFFH
DX,256
BIOS_BREAK, aOH
W13
READ_BYTE
W13
W12
SAVE BYTE COUNT
COME HERE BEFORE EACH
256 BYTE BLOCK 1 S READ
INIT CRC REG
SET OX TO DATA BLOCK SIZE
RD BLK
CHECK FOR BREAK KEV
JUMP IF BREAK KEY HIT
READ BYTE FROM CASSETTE
CY SET INDICATES NO DATA
TRANSITIONS
IF WE'VE ALREADY REACHED
END OF MEMORY BUFFER
SK I P REST OF BLOCK
MOV
INC
DEC
ES: rBX], AL
BX
STORE DATA BVTE AT BYTE PTR
I NC BUFFER PTR
W12:
Wl3:
W14:
Wl5:
WIS
Wl7:
DEC
JG
CALL
CALL
SUB
CMP
JNE
JCXZ
JMP
MOV
INC
POP
SUB
PUSH
TEST
JNZ
CALL
JMP
DEC
JZ
JMP
; ----- NO DATA
POP
POP
pap
SUB
MOV
PUSH
W!8:
5Tl
CALL
POP
CHP
CMC
RET
READ_BLOCK
CX
; LOOP UNTIL
DX
W11
READ_BYTE
READ BYTE
AH,AH
CRe_REG, lDOFH
WI.
W15
WI0
AH,OIH
AH
DX
ox, cx
AX
AH, 90H
WIB
READ BYTE
SHORT W18
51
W17
W4
, DEC BYTE COUNTER
DATA BLOCK HAS BEEN READ FROM CASSETTE
DEC BLOCK CNT
RD BLK
NOW READ TWO CRC BYTES
CLEAR AH
1.5 THE CRe CORRECT?
I F NOT EQUAL CRC I S BAD
J F BYTE COUNT I S ZERO
THEN WE HAVE READ ENOUGH
SO WE WILL EXI T
STI LL HORE, SO READ ANOTHER BLOCk
MISSING-DATA
NO DI\TA TRANSITIONS SO
SET AH=02 TO INDICATE
DATA TIMEOUT
BAD-CRC
EXI T EARLY ON ERROR
SET AH=Ol TO INDlCATE CRe ERROR
RD-BlK-EX
CALCULATE COUNT OF
OATA BYTES ACTUALLY READ
RETURN COUNT I N REG OX
SAVE Ax (RET CODE)
CHECK FOR ERRORS
JUMP IF ERROR DETECTED
REAO TRAI LER
SK I P TO TURN OFF HOTOR
BAD-LEADER
CHECK RETR I ES
JUMP I F TOO MANY RETR I ES
JUMP IF NOT TOO MANY RETRIES
; NO VALl 0 DATA FOUND
FROM CASSETTE ERROR, I. E. Tl MEOUT
51 RESTORE REGS
ex RESTORE REGS
BX
ox, OX
AH,04H
AX
AX
AH, O!H
ENDP
ZERO NUMBER OF BYTES READ
TIME OUT ERROR (NO LEADERl
MOT-OFF
REENABLE INTERRUPTS
TURN OFF MOTOR
RESTORE RETURN CODE
SET CARR V IF ERROR (AH>OI
FINISHED
ROM BIOS A-99
F94!
FS41 53
F942 51
F943 81 08
F945
F945 51
F946 EB F96F R
F949 E3 20
F948 53
F94C EB F96F R
F94F 59
F9S0 E3 19
F952 03 08
FSS4 81 Fe OGFO
F9sa FS
F9S9 SF
F95A 59
F9sa DO OS
F95D 9E
F9SE E8 FA3C R
F961 FE C9
FS63 75 EO
F96S 8A C5
F967 F8
F9SS
F96a 59
F969 59
F96A C3
F96e
FS6e 59
F96C FS
FS6D E9 F9
F96F
F96F
F96F 89 0064
FS72 SA 26 0068 R
F976
F976 E4 62
F97a 24 10
F97A 3A C4
F97C El FB
F97E A2 0068 R
F9Bl BO 40
F9B3 E6 43
F9BS BB IE 0067 R
F989 E4 41
F9BS BA EO
F9SD E4 41
F98F BS C4
F99l 2B OS
F9S3 A3 0067 R
F996 C3
F997
PURPOSE:
TO READ A BYTE FROM CASSETTE
; ON EXIT
REG AL CONTAINS READ DATA BYTE
---------------------------------------
READ BYTE
1.119;
- PUSH
PUSH
MOV
PUSH
PROC
BX
CX
CL,8H
CX
NEAR
; -------------------------------
; READ DATA 8IT FROM CASSETTE
1.120;
1.121
CALL
JCXZ
PUSH
CALL
POP
JCXZ
ADD
CMP
CMC
LAHF
POP
RCL
SAHF
CALL
DEC
"NZ
MOV
CLC
PDP
PDP
RET
POP
STC
"MP
PURPOSE;
READ _HALF _81 T
W21
BX
READ _HALF _8 I T
AX
W21
ax, AX
BX, 06FOH
CX
CH,l
W19
AL, CH
CX
BX
CX
W20
ENDP
SAVE REGS BX, CX
SET BIT COUNTER FOR a BITS
BVTE-AsM
SAVE CX
READ ONE PULSE
IF CX=O THEN TI MEOUT
BECAUSE OF NO OAT A TRANS I T IONS
SAVE 1ST HALF BIT is
PULSE WIDTH <IN ex)
READ COMPLEMENTARY PULSE
COMPUTE DATA BIT
IF CX=O THEN TIMEOUT DUE TO
NO DATA TRANsl TI ONS
PERIOD
CHECK FOR ZERO a I T
CARRY I S SET I F ONE BIT
SAVE CARRY IN AH
RESTORE CX
NOTE:
MS BIT OF BYTE IS READ FIRST.
REG CH IS SHIFTED LEFT WITH
CARRY BEl NG I NSERTED INTO LS
BIT OF CH.
AFTER ALL 8 Bl TS HAVE BEEN
READ, THE KS BIT OF THE DATA
BYTE WILL BE IN THE MS BIT OF
REG CH
ROTATE REG CH LEFT WITH CARRY TO
LS BIT OF REG CH
RESTORE CARRY FOR CRC ROUTINE
GENERATE CRC FOR BIT
LOOP TILL ALL a Bl T5 OF DATA
ASSEMBLED I N REG CH
BYTE ASM
RETURN DATA BYTE I N REG AL
RD-SYT-EX
RESTORE REGS CX, BX
FI NI SHED
NO-DATA
RESTORE CX
INDICATE ERROR
RD_BYT_EX
TO COMPUTE TIME TILL NEXT DATA
TRANSITION (EDGE)
ON ENTRY:
EOGE_CNT CONTAINS LAST EDGE COUNT
ON EXIT:
AX CONTAINS OLD LAST EDGE COUNT
BX CONTAINS PULSE WIDTH (HALF BIT)
READ_HALF _BI T PROC NEAR
MOV CX, 100 SET TIME TO WAIT FOR BIT
MOV AH, LAST_VAL GET PRESENT I NPUT VALUE
W22 RD-H-BIT
IN AL, PORT_C I NPUT DATA BIT
AND AL,OlOH MASK OFF EXTRANEOUS BI TS
CMP AL,AH SAME AS BEFORE?
LOOPE "22 LOOP TILL I T CHANGES
MOV LAST_VAL, AL UPDATE LAST_VAL WI TH NEW VALUE
MOV AL,40H READ T J MER I S COUNTER COMMAND
OUT T I M_eTL, AL LATCH COUNTER
MOV BX, EDGE_CNT BX GETS LAST EDGE COUNT
IN AL, T1MER+l GET LS BYTE
MOV AH, ilL SAVE IN AH
IN AL, TlMER+l GET MS BYTE
XCHG AL, AH XCHG AL, AH
SUB ex, AX SET ax EQUAL TO HALF BIT PERIOD
MDV EDGE_CNT, AX UPDATE EDGE COUNT;
RET
READ _HALF _BJ T ENDP
A-tOO ROM BIOS
F997
F997 53
F99S 51
F999 E4 61
F99S 24 FD
FS9D oe 01
F99F E6 61
F9A1 BO 86
F9A3 E6 43
FSA5 EB FA SO R
F9AB BB 04AO
F9AS EB FA35 R
F9AE 89 OBOO
F9Bl
F9Bl F.
F9B2 Ee FAiF R
F9B5 E2 FA
F9B7 FA
F9SS F8
F9S9 EB FA1F R
F9Be 5.
F9BD 5B
F9SE BO I.
F9CO E8 FAOB R
Fge3
F9C3 C7 06 0069 R FFFF
F9C9 8A 0100
Fgee
F9CC 26, 8A 07
F9CF EB FA08 R
F902 E3 02
F9D4
'3
F9DS

F9D6
F9D6 .A
F9D7 7F F3
F9D9 Al 0069 R
F9DC F7 DO
F9DE 50
F9DF B. EO
F9El E8 FADS R
F9E4 58
F9ES E8 FAoe R
F9EB OB C9
FSEA 75 07
F9EC 51
F9EO FB
F9EE B. 0020
F9F 1
FSF I F.
F9F2 E8 FAIF R
F9F5 E2 FA
F9F7 59
FSFB eo eo
F9FA
E"
43
r9FC B8 0001
F9FF EB FA35
FA02 EB FSSA
fA05 28 CO
FA07 C3
FAOS
PURPOSE
WRITE 1 OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS TO CASSETTE.
THE DATA IS PADDED TO FILL OUT THE LAST 256 BYTE BLOCK.
ON ENTRY:
8)( POINTS TO MEMORY BUFFER ADDRESS
C)( CONTAINS NUMBER OF ByTES TO WRITE
ON EXIT:
BX POINTS 1 BYTE PAST LAST BYTE WRITTEN TO CASSETTE
CX IS ZERO
; ------------------------------------------- --------------- -----
WR I TE_BLOCK PROC NEAR
W23:
PUSH B)(
PUSH CX
IN AL,PORT_B
AND
OR
OUT
MOV
OUT
CALL
HOV
CALL
HOV
STC
CALL
LOOP
CLI
CLC
CALL
POP
POP
MOV
CALL
AL, NOT 02H
AL, OtH
PORT_B, AL
AL,oa6H
T1M_CTL,AL
8EGIN_OP
AX, 1184
W31
CX,OBOOH
WRITE_BIT
CX
BX
AL, 16H
WRI TE_BYTE
PURPOSE
o I SABLE SPEAKER
ENABLE Tl MER
SET UP T I MER - MODE 3 SQUARE WAVE
START MOTOR AND DELAY
SET NORMAL BIT SIZE
SET TI MER
SET -CX FOR LEADER BYTE COUNT
WRI TE LEADER
WRITE ONE BITS
LOOP 'TIL LEADER IS WRITTEN
DISABLE INTS.
WRITE SYNC 81T (0)
RESTORE REGS ex, B)(
WR I TE SYNC CHARACTER
WRITE 1 OR MORE 256 BYTE BLOCKS TO CASSETTE
ON ENTRY:
BX POINTS TO MEMORY BUFFER ADDRESS
CONT A I NS NUMBER OF BYTES TO WR IrE
ON EXIT
BX POINTS 1 BYTE PAST LAST BVTE WRITTEN TO CASSETTE
ex IS ZERO
WR_BLOCK:
HOV CRC_REG,OFFFFH INIT CRe
HOV DX,256 FOR 256 BYTES
W24: WR-BLK
MOV AL, ES: [BX] READ BYTE FROM MEM
CALL WRITE_BYTE WRI TE I T TO CASSETTE
,JCXZ W25 UNLESS CX;:O, ADVANCE PTRS II DEC
COUNT
INC BX I NC BUFFER POI NTER
DEC CX DEC ByTE COUNTER
W25 SKI P-ADV
DEC OX DEC BLOCK CNT
"G
W24 LOOP TILL 256 BYTE BLOCK
IS WRITTEN TO TAPE
WRITE CRC
WRITE 1 'S COMPLEMENT OF CRe REG TO CASSETTE
WHI CH I S CHECKED FOR CORRECTNESS WHEN THE BLOCK I S READ
REG AX IS MODIFIED
W26:
MOV
NOT
PUSH
XCHG
CALL
PDP
CALL
OR
"NZ
PUSH
STl
MOV
STC
CALL
LOOP
PDP
MOV
OUT
MOV
CALL
CALL
SUB
RET
AX
AX
AH,AL
WRITE_BYTE
AX
WRITE BYTE
ex, CX-
WR_BLOCK
CX
CX, 32
WRITE_BIT
W2.
CX
AL, OBOH
TIM_CTl, Al
AX, 1
W31
MOTOR OFF
AX, AX-
WRI TE_BLOCK ENDP
WRI TE THE ONE'S COMPLEMENT OF THE
TWO BYTE eRe TO TAPE
FOR I'S COMPLEMENT
SAVE IT
WRITE MS BYTE FIRST
WRITE IT
GET IT BACK
NOW WR I TE LS BYTE
J 5 BVTE COUNT EXHAUSTED?
JUMP I F NOT DONE YET
SAVE REG ex
RE-ENABlE INTERUPTS
WRI TE OUT TRAILER BITS
TRAI l-LOOP
WRITE UNTil TRAILER WRITTEN
RESTORE REG ex
TURN T I MER2 OFF
SET TI MER
TURN MOTOR OFF
NO ERRORS REPORTED ON WR I TE OP
FINISHEO
ROM BIOS A-1OI
FAOS
FAOS 51
FA09 50
FAOA 8A E8
FAOC 81 08
FADE
FADE DO 05
FAlO
'C
FAll E8 FAlF R
FAl4 .0
FA15 EB FA3C R
FAlS FE C9
FAlA 75 F2
FAIC 58
FAID 5.
FAIE C3
FAIF
FA1F
FAIF BS 04AO
FA22 72 OJ
FA24 BS 0250
FA27
FA27 50
FA2e. E4 62
FA2A 24 20
FA2C 74 FA
FA2E E4 62
FAJO 24 2()
FAJ2 75 FA
FA34 58
FAJ5
FA35 E6 42
FA37 BA C4
FA39 E6 42
FA3B C3
FA3C
FA3C
FAJC Al 0069 R
FA3F 01 08
FA41 01 DO
FA43 F8
FA44 71 04
FA46 35 0810
FA49 F.
FA4A 01 DO
FA4C A3 0069 R
FA4F C3
FA50
: WRITE A BYTE TO CASSETTE
j BYTE TO WR I TE IS I N REG AL
i -------------------------------
WR I TE_BYTE PROC NEAR
PUSH CX
PUSH AX
MOV CH, AL
MOV CL, B
W27:
RCL CH, 1
PUSHF
CALL WR I TE_B I T
POPF
CALL CRC_GEN
DEC CL
JNZ W27
POP AX
POP CX
RET
WRITE_BYTE ENDP
WRITE_BIT
PURPOSE:
PROC NEAR
SAVE REGS CX, AX
AL=8YTE TO WRI TE
(loiS BIT WRITTEN FIRST)
FOR B DATA BITS IN BYTE.
NOTE: TWO EDGES PER BIT
DISASSEMBLE THE DATA BIT
ROTATE MS BIT INTO CARRY
SAVE FLAGS
NOTE: DATA BIT IS IN CARRY
WRITE DATA BIT
RESTORE CARRY FOR CRC CALC
COMPUTE CRC ON DATA BIT
LOOP TILL ALL 8 BITS DONE
JUMP IF NOT DONE YET
RESTORE REGS AX, CX
WE ARE FINISHED
TO WRI TE A DATA BJ T TO CAS5ETTE
CARRV FLAG CONTAINS DATA 81T
I.E. IF SET DATA BIT IS A ONE
IF CLEAR DATA 8IT IS A ZERO
NOTE: TWO EDGES ARE WRITTEN PER BIT
ONE BI T HAS 500 USEC BETWEEN EDGES
FOR A 1000 USEC PERIOD (1 MILLISECi
ZERO BIT HAS 250 USEC BETWEEN EDGES
FOR A 500 USEC PERIOD (.5 MILLISCI
CARRY FLAG IS DATA BIT
W2B:
W29
W30
W31
MOY
JC
MOY
PUSH
IN
AND
JZ
IN
AND
JNZ
POP
OUT
MOY
OUT
RET
AX, 1184
W28
AX,592
AX
AL, PORT_C
AL,020H
W2.
AL, PORT_C
AL, 020H
W30
AX
042H, AL
AL, AH
042H, AL
ENDP
i I
5
ONE 5 I ZE
JUMP I F ONE SIT
NO, SET TO NOMINAL ZERO 51 ZE
WRITE-BIT-AX
jWRITE BIT WITH PERIOD EQ TO VALUE
AX
i INPUT OUTPUT
; LOOP Tl LL HI GH
;NOW WAIT TILl:.. TIMER'S OUTPUT IS
LOW
; RELOAD TIMER WITH PERIOD
j FOR NEXT DATA BI T
j RESTORE PER I 00 COUNT
SET TIMER
SET LOW BYTE OF TI MER 2
SET HIGH BYTE OF TI HER 2

W32
UPDATE CRC REGISTER WITH NEXT DATA BIT
CRC I S USED TO DETECT READ ERRORS
ASSUMES DATA BIT IS IN CARRY
REG AX IS MODIFIED
FLAGS ARE MODIFIED
THE FOLLOW I NG I NSTUCT IONS
WI LL SET THE OVERFLOW FLAG
IF CARRV AND HS BIT OF CRC
ARE UNEQUAL
RCR AX, I
RCL AX,l
CLC CLEAR CARRY
JNO W32 SKIP I F NO OVERFLOW
IF DATA BIT XORED WITH
CRC REG BI T 15 IS ONE
XOR AX,OS10H THEN XOR CRC REG WI TH
0010H
STC SET CARRY
RCL AX,l ROTATE CARRY (DATA 81 T l
INTO CRC REG
MOY CRC_REG, AX UPDATE CRC_REG
RET FI NJ SHED
CRC_GEN ENDP
A-102 ROM BIOS
FASO
FASO ES FOSl R
FAS3 83 42
FA55 B9 0700
FA58 E2 FE
FASA FE C8
FASC 75 F7
FASE C3
FASF
FASF
FASF 33 D2
FAG1 32 E4
FAS3 80 OD
FAGS CD 17
FAS7 32 E4
FAS9 BO OA
FASS CD 17
FASD C3
FA6E
FASE
FASE
FASE 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00
FA76 7E 81 AS 81 BO 99
81 7E
FA7E 7E FF 08 FF C3 E7
FF 7E
FA86 6e FE FE FE 7C 38
10 00
FASE 10 3S 7C FE 7C 3S
10 00
FA9S 3S 7C 38 FE FE 7C
38 7C
FA9E 10 10 38 7C FE 7C
38 7C
FAA6 00 00 18 3C 3C 18
00 00
FAAE FF FF E7 C3 C3 7
FF FF
FAS6 00 3C 66 42 42 66
ac 00
FA8E FF C3 99 BD BO 99
C3 FF
FACS OF 07 OF 70 cc CC
CC 78
FACE 3C 66 66 66 ac 18
7E 18
FAD6 3F 33 3F 30 30 70
FO EO
FADE 7F 63 7F 63 63 67
E6 CO
FAE6 99 SA 3C E7 E7 3C
SA 99
FAEE BO EO F8 FE F9 EO
80 00
FAF6 02 DE 3E FE 3E DE
02 00
FAFE 18 3C 7E 19 19 7E
ac 18
FBOS 66 66 66 66 GG 00
66 00
FBOE 7F D8 08 78 18 18
19 00
FB16 3E 63 39 SC SC 38
CC 79
FBIE 00 00 00 00 7E 7E
7E 00
FB26 18 3C 7E 18 7E ac
18 FF
FB2E 18 3C 7E 18 18 18
18 00
FB36 18 18 1S 18 7E 3C
18 00
FS3E 00 18 DC FE DC 18
00 00
FB46 00 30 60 FE 60 30
00 00
FB4E 00 00 CO CO CO FE
00 00
FBS6 00 24 66 FF 66 24
00 00
FBSE 00 18 3C 7E FF FF
00 00
FBS6 00 FF FF 7E 3C 18
00 00
BEGIN OP PROC NEAR
CALL
HOTOR_ON
SL,42H
i START TAPE AND DELAY
i TURN ON MOTOR
MOV ,DELAY FOR TAPE DRIVE
i TO GET UP TO SPEED (112 SEC)
W33: MOV eX,700H
W3.
; INNER LOOP= APPROX. 10 MILLISEC
W34; LOOP
OEC BL
JNZ W33
RET
BEGIN_OP ENOP
CRLF LINE FEED SUBROUTINE
CRLF
XOR OX, OX PRINTER 0
XOR AH,AH WILL NOW SEND INITIAL LF,CR TO
PRJ NTER
MOV
INT
XOR
MOV
INT
RET
ENDP
AL,OOH
17H
AH, AH
AL,OAH
17H
CR
SEND THE LINE FEED
NOW FOR THE CR
LF
SEND THE CARR I AGE RETURN
CHARACTER GENERATOR GRAPHICS FOR 320)(200 AND 640)(200
GRAPH I CS FOR CHARACTERS OOH THRU 7FH
ORG OFA6EH
LABEL SVTE
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOCH, OOCH, OOOH, OODH, OOOH 0_00
DB 07EH, 081H, OA5H, oa1H, OSOH, 099H, 081H, 07EH 0_o1
DB 07EH, OFFH, OOSH, OFFH, OC3H, OE7H, OFFH, 07EH 0_02
DB 06CH, OFEH, OFEH, OFEH, 07CH, 03SH, 0 lOH, OOOH o_03
DB OlOH. 03SH, 07CH, OFEH, 07CH, 03SH, OlOH, OOOH 0_04
DB 038H, 07CH. 03SH, OFEH, OFEH, 07CH, 03SH, 07eH 0_o5
DB OlOH, 010H, 03SH, 07CH, OFEH, 07CH, 03SH, 07CH o_06
DB OOOH, OOOH, D1SH, 03CH. 03CH, 01SH, OOOH, OOOH 0_07
DB OFFH, DFFH, OE7H, OC3H, OC3H, OE7H. OFFH, OFFH o_o8
DB OOOH, 03CH, 066H, 042H, 042H, 066H, 03CH, OOOH 0_09
DB OFFH,OC3H, D99H, oaOH, 080H. OS9H, DC3H, OFFH O_OA
DB OOFH, 007H, OOFH. 070H, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 07BH O_OS
DB 03CH, 066H, 066H, 066H, 03CH, 018H, 07EH, 018H O_OC
DB 03FH, 033H, 03FH, 030H, 030H. 070H, OFOH, OEOH 0_00
DB 07FH, 063H, 07FH, 063H, 063H, OS7H, OE6H, OCOH D_OE
DB 099H, 05AH, 03CH, OE7H, OE7H, 03CH, 05AH, 099H a_OF
DB oaOH, DEOH, OFBH, OFEH, OFBH, OEOH, 080H, OOOH 0_10
DB 002H, OOEH. 03EH, OFEH, 03EH, OOEH, 002H, OOOH 0_11
DB OlSH, 03CH, 07EH, 01SH, 01SH, 07EH, 03CH, D1SH 0_12
DB 066H, 066H, DS6H, 06SH, 066H, OOOH, OS6H, DOOH 0_13
DB 07FH, COSH, OOBH, 07BH, D18H, DlSH, 01SH, OOOH 0_14
DB D3EH, 063H, D3SH, 06CH, oaCH, D3SH, OCCH, 07SH 0_15
DB OOOH, OOOH, OOCH, OOOH, 07EH, 07EH, 07EH, OOOH 0_16
DB o l8H, 03CH, 07EH, DlSH, 07EH, 03CH, 01SH, OFFH o_17
DB o 1SH. 03CH, 07EH, OISH. OISH, OlSH, 0 ISH, OOOH D_18
DB o lSH, 01SH, OlSH, 01SH, 07EH, 03CH. 01SH, OOOH o_19
DB OOOH, OlSH, OOCH, OFEH. OOCH. OISH, oaOH, OOOH 0_1A
DB OOOH, 030H, 060H, OFEH, 060H, 030H, OOOH, OOOH D_1B
OB OOOH, OOOH, OCOH, OCOH, OCOH, OFEH. OOOH, OOOH D_1C
DB OOOH, 024H, OSSH, OFFH, 066H, 024H, OOCH, OOOH D_10
DB OOOH, OI9H, 03CH, 07EH, OFFH, OFFH, OOOH, OOOH D_1E
DB OOOH, OFFH, OFFH, 07EH, 03CH, 01SH, OOOH, OOOH D_1F
ROM BIOS A-I03
F8SE 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00
F87S 30 79 78 30 30 00
30 00
FB7E 6C 6C ac 00 00 00
00 00
FBS6 6C ac FE ac FE 6C
ac 00
FBSE 30 7C CO 78 OC F8
30 00
FB96 00 C6 CC 18 30 66
C6 00
FB9E 38 SC 38 76 DC CC
76 00
F8A6 60 60 CO 00 00 00
00 00
FBAE IS 30 SO SO 60 30
IS 00
FBB6 60 30 18 18 18 30
60 00
FBBE 00 66 3C FF 3C 66
00 00
FBes 00 30 30 FC 30 30
00 00
FeeE 00 00 00 00 00 30
30 SO
FBDS 00 00 00 Fe 00 00
00 00
F8DE 00 00 00 00 00 30
30 00
FBES 06 OC 18 30 60 CO
80 00
FSEE 7e C6 CE DE F6 E6
7e 00
F8F6 30 70 30 30 30 30
Fe 00
FBFE 79 ce oe 38 60 ee
Fe 00
Feos 78 cc oe 38 De ee
78 00
FeOE le ac 6C ee FE OC
lE 00
Fe16 FC co F8 DC oe ec
78 00
FelE 38 60 CO F8 ce ee
78 00
FC26 Fe ce DC 18 30 30
30 00
Fe2E 78 CC CC 78 ec cc
78 00
FC36 78 ec CC 7C DC 18
70 00
Fe3E 00 30 30 00 00 30
30 00
FC46 00 30 30 00 00 30
30 60
Fe4E 18 30 60 CO 60 30
18 00
FC56 00 00 Fe 00 00 Fe
00 00
FC5E 60 30 18 OC 18 30
60 00
FC66 78 ce oe 18 30 00
30 00
FC6E 7C e6 OE DE OE CO
78 00
FC76 30 78 CC CC Fe ce
CC 00
FC7E FC 66 66 7C 66 66
FC 00
Fe86 3e 66 CO CO CO 66
3C 00
FC8E F8 6C 66 66 66 6C
F8 00
FC96 FE 62 68 78 68 62
FE 00
Fe9E FE 62 68 78 68 60
Fa 00
FCA6 3C 66 CO co CE 66
3 00
FeAE ee ce CC FC CC ec
ee 00
Fe86 78 30 30 30 30 30
78 00
FceE lE oe OC oe ec cc
7S 00
fce6 E6 66 6e 78 6e 66
6 00
FeeE FO 60 60 60 62 66
FE 00
Feos C6 EE FE FE D6 C6
e6 00
FCDE C6 E6 1="6 DE CE C6
C6 00
FCE6 38 se C6 C6 C6 6e
3S 00
A-I04 ROM BIOS
DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH SF o_20
DB 030H, 07SH, 078H, 030H, 030H, OOOH, 030H, 000.,1 0_21
DB 06CH, 06CH, OSCH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH o_22
DB 06CH, 06CH, OFEH, 06CH, OFEH, 06CH, 06eH, OOOH .. o_23
DB 030H, 07CH, OCOH, 078H, OOCH, OFSH, 030H, OOOH $ o_24
DB OOOH, OC6H, OCCH, 018H, 030H, 066H, OC6H, OOOH
i PER CENT 0_25
DB 03SH, 06CH, 03SH, 07SH, ooeH, OCCH, 076H, OOOH & o_26
DB OSOH, 060H, OCOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH 0_27
DB o 18H, 030H, 060H, 060H, 060H, 030H, a iSH, OOOH (0_28
DB 060H, 030H, 01SH, 018H, 018H, 030H, 060H, OOOH ) o_29
DB OOOH, 066H, 03CH, OFFH, 03CH, 066H, OOOH, OOOH * 0_2A
DB oaOH, 030H, 030H, OFCH, 030H, 030H, OOOH, OOOH + 0_28
DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 030H, 030H, 060H D_2C
DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH - D_20
DB OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, 030H, 030H, OOOH 0_2E
DB 006H, ooeH, 018H, 030H, 060H, OCOH, OSOH, OOOH I 0_2F
DB 07CH, oe6H, OCEH, ODEH, OF6H, OE6H, 07CH, OOOH 0 0_30
DB 030H, 070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, OFCH, OOOH 1 0_31
DB 07SH, OCCH, OOCH, 038H, 060H, OCCH, OFCH, OOOH 2 0_32
DB 07SH, OCCH, OOCH, 038H, ooeH, oeCH, 078H, OOOH 3 D_33
DB a lCH, 03CH, 06CH, oceH, OFEH, OOCH, 0 lEH, OOOH 4 0_34
DB OFeH, oeOH, OFSH, OOCH, OOCH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH 5 o_35
DB 03SH, 060H, OCOH, OF8H, OCCH, OCCH, 07BH, OOOH 6 0_36
DB OFCH, OCCH, ooeH, 018H, 030H, 030H, 030H, OOOH 7 D_37
DB 078H, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, OOCH 8 o_38
DB 07SH, OCCH, OCCH, 07CH, OOCH, 018H, 070H, OOOH 9 0_39
DB OOOH, 030H, 030H, OOOH, OOOH, 030H, 030H, OOOH 0_3A
DB OOOH, 030H, 030H, OOOH, OOOH, 030H, 030H, 060H D_38
DB 01BH, 030H, OSOH, oeOH, OSOH, 030H, 018H, OOOH < D_3e
DB OOOH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OOOH, OFCH, OOOH, OOOH D_30
DB 060H, 030H, 0 ISH, OOCH, 0 lSH, 030H, 060H, OOOH > 0_3E
DB 078H, OCCH, OOCH, 0 18H, 030H, OOOH, 030H, OOOH ? 0_3F
DB 07eH, OC6H, OOEH, OOEH, OOEH, oeOH, 078H, OOOH (!I o_40
DB 030H, 078H, oceH, oeCH, OFCH, oeCH, OCCH, OOOH A 0_41
DB OFCH, 066H, OS6H, 07CH, 066H, OS6H, OFCH, OOOH 8 D_ 42
DB 03CH, 06SH, OCOH, oeOH, OCOH, 06SH, 03eH, OOOH C D_ 43
DB OFSH, 06CH, 06SH, 066H, OSSH, 06CH, OFBH, OOOH 0 D_44
DB OFEH, 062H, 068H, 07BH, OSSH, 062H, OFEH, OOOH E D_ 45
DB OFEH, 062H, 068H, 078H, 06SH, 060H, OFOH, OOOH F D_46
DB 03CH, OSGH, oeOH, OCOH, OCEH, 066H, 03EH, OODH G ) ~ 4 7
DB oceH, OCCH, OCCH, OFCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OOOH H D_48
DB 078H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 07SH, OOOH I 0_49
DB DIEH, OOCH, OOCH, OOCH, OCCH, eeCH, 078H, OOOH ..J 0_4A
DB DEGH, 06SH, 06CH, 078H, 06eH, 06SH, OE6H, OOOH K o_48
DB OFOH, OSOH, OSOH, 060H, 062H, 066H, OFEH, OOOH L D_4C
DB OC6H, OEEH, OFEH, OFEH, 006H, OCSH, OCSH, OOOH M 0_40
DB OC6H, OEGH, OF6H, ODEH, OCEH, oe6H, OCSH, OOOH N 0_4E
DB 03BH, OSCH, OC6H, OC6H, OC6H, 06CH, 03SH, OOOH a D_4F
FCEE FC 66 66 7C 60 60
FO 00
FeF6 78 CC CC CC DC 78
Ie 00
FCFE FC 66 66 7C 6C 66
E6 00
F006 78 CC EO 70 lC CC
78 00
FDOE Fe 84 30 30 30 30
78 00
FD IS ce ec cc cc CC CC
Fe 00
FDIE ec ee ce cc CC 78
30 00
FD26 C6 C6 C6 06 FE EE
C6 00
F02E C6 C6 GC 38 38 6C
C6 00
F036 CC CC CC 78 30 30
7a 00
F03E FE C6 ae 18 32 66
FE 00
F046 78 60 60 60 SO 60
78 00
FD4E CO 60 30 18 DC 06
02 00
FOS6 78 18 18 18 18 18
78 00
FD5E 10 38 SC C6 00 00
00 00
FOG6 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 FF
FOSE 30 30 18 00 00 00
00 00
F076 00 00 78 DC 7C CC
76 00
F07E EO SO 60 7C 66 66
DC 00
FOS6 00 00 78 cc co ce
78 00
FOBE lC OC DC 7e ce ec
76 00
F09S 00 00 78 ee Fe co
78 00
F09E 38 6e 60 FO 60 60
FO 00
FOA6 00 00 76 ec ec 7C
OC FB
FOAE EO 60 6e 76 66 66
E6 00
FOB6 30 00 70 30 30 30
79 00
FOBE OC 00 oe oc DC CC
CC 79
FDes EO 60 66 6e 78 6e
E6 00
FOCE 70 30 30 30 30 30
78 00
FODS 00 00 CC FE FE OS
CS 00
FOOE 00 00 F8 CC ec ce
cc 00
FOE6 00 00 79 CC CC CC
79 00
FOEE 00 00 DC 66 66 7C
SO FO
FDF6 00 00 76 CC CC 7C
DC IE
FDFE 00 00 oe 76 66 60
FO 00
FE06 00 00 7C CO 78 OC
F8 00
FEOE 10 30 7C 30 30 34
19 00
FE16 00 00 CC CC CC CC
76 00
FE1E 00 00 Cc CC CC 78
30 00
FE26 00 aD C6 06 FE FE
Be 00
FE2E 00 00 C6 6C 38 6C
C6 00
FE36 00 00 CC CC CC 7C
OC F9
FE3E 00 00 FC 98 30 S4
FC 00
FE46 1C 30 30 EO 30 30
Ie 00
FE4E 18 18 18 00 IS 18
IS 00
FE56 EO 30 30 1C 30 30
EO 00
FE5E 76 DC 00 00 00 00
00 00
FE66 00 10 38 6C CS C6
FE 00
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
08
DB
08
08
DB
DB
DB
08
08
DB
DB
08
DB
DB
DB
DB
08
08
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
08
08
DB
08
DB
DB
OFCH, 066H, OS6H, 07CH, 060H, 060H, OFOH, OOOH P D_50
079H, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OOCH, 078H, 01CH, OOOH Q 0_51
OFCH, 066H, 066H, 07CH, 06CH, 066H, OESH, OOOH R 0_52
078H, OCCH, OEOH, 070H, 01CH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH SO_53
OFCH, 084H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH T D_54
OCCH, oceH, oeCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OFCH, OOOH U 0_55
OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, 030H, OOOH v 0_56
oeSH, OC6H, aeSH, OOSH, OFEH, OEEH, OCSH, OOOH W 0_57
OC6H, OCSH, 06CH, 038H, 038H, 06eH, OC6H, OOOH X D_58
OCCH, OCCH, oceH, 078H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH V o_59
OFEH, OC6H, 08CH, a 18H, 032H, 066H, OFEH, OOOH Z D_SA
078H, 060H, 060H, 060H, 060H, OSOH, 078H, 0001-1 [0_58
OCOH, 060H, 030H, a 18H, OOCH, 006H, 002H, OOOH
i BACKS LASH _5C
078H,018H,018H,018H,018H,018H,078H,000H ) o_50
o 10H, 038H, 06CH, OC6H, OOOH, aOOH, OOOH, OOOH
j CIRCUMFLEX 0_5E
OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OFFH _ D_5F
030H, 030H, 018H, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH 0_60
OOOH, OOOH, 078H, OOCH, 07CH, oceH, 076H, OOOH
j LOWER CASE A 0_61
OEOH, 060H, 060H, 07CH, 066H, 066H, ODCH, OOOH LC 8 0_62
OOOH, OOOH, 078H, OCCH, OCOH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH LC C 0_63
OlCH, OOCH, OOCH, 07CH, OCCH, oeCH, 076H, OOOH LC 0 0_64
OOOH, OOOH, 078H, OCCH, OFCH, OCOH, 078H, OOOH LC E 0_S5
03BH, 06CH, 060H, orOH, 060H, 060H, OFOH, OOOH LC F o_66
OOOH, OOOH, 076H, OCCH, OCCH, 07eH, OOCH, OFSH LC G 0_67
OEOH, 060H, 06CH, 076H, 066H, 066H, OESH, OOOH LC H 0_S8
030H, OOOH, 070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 078H, OOOH LC I 0_69
OOCH, OOOH, OOCH, OOCH, OOCH, OCCH, oceH, 078H LC J 0_6A
OEOH, 060H, 066H, 06CH, 07BH, 06eH, OE6H, OOOH LC K o_68
070H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 030H, 07BH, OOOH LC L D_6C
OOOH, OOOH, OCO-l, OFEH, OFEH, 006H, OC6H, OOOH LC M o_60
OOOH, OOOH, OF8H, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OOOH LC N 0_6E
OOOH, OOOH, 078H, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, OOOH LC a 0_6F
OOOH, OOOH, OOCH, 066H, 066H, 07CH, 060H, OFOH LC P 0_70
OOOH, OOOH, 076H, OCCH, OCCH, 07CH, OOCH, 01EH LC Q 0_71
OOOH, OOOH, ODCH, 076H, 066H, 060H, OFOH, OOOH LC R 0_72
OOOH, OOOH, 07CH, OCOH, 078H, OOCH, OF8H, OOOH LC 5 0_73
010H, OJOH, 07CH, 030H, 030H, 034H, 01BH, OOOH LC T 0_74
OOOH, OOOH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 076H, OOOH LC U 0_75
OOOH, OOOH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 078H, 030H, OOOH LC V 0_76
OOOH, OOOH, OC6H, 006H, OFEH, OFEH, OBCH, OOOH LC W o_77
OOOH, OOOH, oe6H, 06CH, 039H, 06CH, OC6H, OOOH LC X 0_78
OOOH, OOOH, OCCH, OCCH, OCCH, 07CH, OOCH, OFSH LC V 0_79
OOOH, OOOH, OFCH, 09BH, 030H, 064H, OFCH, OOOH LC Z 0_7A
01eH, 030H, 030H, OEOH, 030H, 030H, 0 lCH, OOOH {0_7B
018H, 018H, OlSH, OOOH, 01SH, 018H, DISH, OOOH D_7C
OEOH, 030H, 030H, 01CH, 030H, 030H, OEOH, OOOH } D_70
076H, OOCH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH, OOOH - 0_7E
OOOH, 010H, 038H, 06CH, OC6H, OC6H, OFEH, OOOH
ROM BIOS A-lOS
FESE
FESE E9 1393 R
FE71
FE?l BB 09
FE73 BA FFFF
fE76 FC
FE77 32 E4
fE79 Bl 04
FE7B AC
FE7C 32 FO
FE7E 8A C6
FEBO 03 CO
FEB2 33 DO
FES4 01 CO
FEBS 86 F2
FE8S 33 DO
FEBA 03 C8
FEse 2. EO
FE8E 33 DO
FE90 01 C8
FE92 32 FO
FE94 48
FE9S 75 E4
FE97 DB 02
FE99 C3
FESA
FE9A
FE9A 32 CO
FE9C EE
FE9D FE C3
FESF
'2
FEAO EC
FEAl C3
FEA2
FEA5
FEA5
FEA5 F8
FEA6 1E
FEA7 50
FEA8 52
FEA9 E8 1388 R
FEAC FF 06 DOGe R
FEBO 75 04
FEB2 FF 06 006E R
FEB6
FEB6 83 3E 006E R
,.
FEBB 7.
" FEBD 81 3E OOSC R OOBO
FEe3 7. DO
ORG
JMP
OFE6EH
NEAR PTR TIME_OF _DAY
CRC CHECK/GENERATI ON ROUTI NE
ROUTINE TO CHECK A ROM MODULE USING THE POLYNOMIMAL
X 16 + X 12 + X5 + 1
CALLI NG PARAMETERS:
OS:; OAT A SEGMENT OF ROM SPACE TO BE CHECKED
51 :; INDEX OFFSET INTO OS POINTING TO 1ST BYTE
ex = LENGTH OF SPACE TO BE CHECKED (I NCLUD I NG CRe BYTES)
ON EXI T
ZERO FLAG :; SET :; CRC CHECKED OK
AH 00
AL .,...,
ax :; 0000
CL = 04
ox = 0000 IF CRC CHECKED OK, ELSE, ACCUMULATED CRC
51:; (SI(ENTRY)+BX(ENTRV)
NOTE: ROUTINE WILL RETURN JMMEDIATLY IF "RESET_FLAG
IS EQUAL TO "1234H" (WARM START)
PROC NEAR
ASSUME OS: NOTHING
MOV ex, CX
MOV OX,OFFFFH
CLD
XOR AH, AH
MOV CL,4
CRC to LOOSB
-
XOR DH, AL
MOV AL,DH
ROL AX, CL
XOR DX,AX
ROL AX,l
XCHG DH.DL
XOR ox. AX
ROR AX,CL
AND AL, 11100000B
XOR ox, AX
ROR AX, 1
XOR DH,AL
DEC 8X
JNZ CRC 1
OR ox, DX
RET
SAVE COUNT
INIT. ENCODE REGISTER
SET DIR FLAG TO INCREMENT
I NIT. WORK REG HI GH
SET ROTATE COUNT
GET A BVTE
FORM AJ + CJ + 1
SHI FT WORK REG BACK 4
ADD INTO RESULT REG
SHIFT WORK REG BACK 1
SWAP PART I AL SUM INTO RESULT REG
ADD WORK REG INTO RESULTS
WORK REG OVER 4
CLEAR OFF (EFGH)
ADO (ABCD) I NTO RESULTS
SHIFT WORK REG ON OVER (AH:;O FOR
NEXT PASS)
ADO (ABCO INTO RESULTS LOW)
DECREMENT COUNT
LOOP TI LL COUNT = 0000
OX SIB:; 0000 IF o. K
RETURN TO CALLER
CRC_CHECK ENDP
RR1
SUBROUTINE TO READ AN 8250 REGISTER. MAY ALSO BUMP ERROR
REPORTER (BU AND lOR REG OX (PORT ADDRESS) DEPENDING ON
WHICH ENTRY POINT 15 CHOSEN.
THIS SUBROUTINE WAS WRITTEN TO AVOID MULTlPLE USE OF 110 TIME
DELAYS FOR THE 8250 IT WAS THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO
I NCLUDE THE DELAVS.
I N EVERY CASE, UPON RETURN, REG AL WI LL CONTAI N THE CONTENTS OF
PORT< OX I
PROC NEAR
XOR AL, AL
OUT OX, AL D J SABLE ALL INTERRUPTS
INC BL BUMP ERROR REPORTER
RR2: INC DX J NCR PORT ADDR
RR3: IN AL, OX READ REG I STER
RET
RR1 ENDP
TH 15 ROUTI NE HANDLES THE TI MER I NTERRUPT FROM
CHANNEL 0 OF THE 9253 TIMER. INPUT FREQUENCY IS 1.19318 MHZ
AND THE DIVISOR IS 65536, RESULTING IN APPROX IB.2 INTERRUPTS
EVERV SECOND
THE INTERRUPT HANDLER MAINTAINS A COUNT OF INTERRUPTS SINCE POWER
ON TIME, WHICH MAY BE USED TO ESTABLISH TIME OF DAY.
INTERRUPTS MISSED WHILE INTS. WERE DISABLED ARE TAKEN CARE OF
BY THE USE OF T I MER 1 AS A OVERFLOW COUNTER
THE INTERRUPT HANDLER ALSO DECREMENTS THE MOTOR CONTROL COUNT
OF THE DISKETTE, AND WHEN IT EXPIRES, WILL TURN OFF THE DISKETTE
MOTOR, AND RESET THE MOTOR RUNNING FLAGS
THE INTERRUPT HANDLER WILL ALSO INVOKE A USER ROUTINE THROUGH
INTERRUPT lCH AT EVERV TIME TICK. THE USER MUST CODE A ROUTINE
AND PLACE THE CORRECT ADDRESS IN THE VECTOR TABLE.
ORG OFEA5H
ASSUME OS: DATA
TIMER INT PROC FAR
-
ST! I NTERRUPTS BACK ON
PUSH OS
PUSH AX
PUSH DX SAVE MACHI NE STATE
CALL DDS
INC TIMER_LOW INCREMENT TIME
4NZ
T"
TEST DAY
INC TIMER_HIGH INCREMENT HIGH WORD OF TIME
T4. TEST _DAV
CMP TIMER_HIGH,018H TEST FOR COUNT EQUALLI NG 24 HOURS
4NZ
T'
OISKETTE_CTL
CMP TI HER_LOW, oaOH
4NZ
T'
01 SKETTE_CTL
A-106 ROM BIOS
FEes 2. CO
FEe7 .3 006E R
FECA .3 a06e R
FECO C6 06 0070 R 01
FED2
FED2 FE OE 0040 R
FEDS
FEDB
FEDD
FEDF
FEEl
FEE3
FEES
FEE7
FEES
FEES
FEEA
FEEB
FEES
FEES
FEEO
FEEE
FEro
FEF2
FEF3
FEF3
FEF3
75
80
80
E6
CO
80
E6
5.
58
1F
CF
02
.6
E2
OA
C3
OS
26
80
F2
lC
20
20
O.
FB
co
FEF3 FEA5 R
FEFS 1561-R
FEF7 F815 R
FEFS FalS R
FEFS FBlS R
FEFD Fe 15 R
FEFF EF57 R
FrOl FelS R
FF03 aDOS R
FF05 F84D R
FF07 F-S41 R
fF09 EC59 R
FFOB E739 R
FfOD FSS9 R
FFOF 1300 R
Ff 11 EFD2 R
FF 13 0000
FFlS OBIS R
FF 17 1393 R
FF 19 Fe3C R
FFIB FS3C R
FF 10 FOA4 R
FF IF EFC7 R
FF21 EaSE R
FF23
003F R
FF23 2E: SA 04
FF26 46
FF27 50
FF2S E8 ISBA R
FF2B 58
FF2C 3C OD
FF2E 75 F3
FF30 C3
FF31
FFal
FF31 80 86
FF33 E6 43
FF35 B8 0533
FF3B E6 42
FF3A SA C4
FF3C E6 42
FF3 4 61
FF40 SA EO
FF42 OC 03
FF44 E6 61
FF-46 28 C9
FF4S E2 FE
FF4A FE C8
FF4C 75 FA
FF4E SA C4
FF50 E6 61
FF52 C3
FF53
FO
T I MER HAS GONE 24 HOURS
SUB AX, AX
MOY TIMER_HIGH, AX
MOV TI MER_LOW, AX
MOY TIMER_OFL,1
j TE5T FOR DI'SKETTE TIME OUT
T5, LOOP TILL ALL OYERFlOWS TAKEN
CARE OF
T6-
DEC
JNZ
AND
MOV
OUT
INT
MOV
OUT
POP
POP
POP
IRET
oroH
AL, FOC_RESET
NEC_CTL, AL
lCH
-AL, EOJ
020H, AL
OX
AX
OS
RETURN I F COUNT NOT OUT
j TURN OFF MOTOR RUNN I NG BITS
TURN OFF MOTOR, 00 NOT RESET FDC
TURN OFF THE MOTOR
TRANSFER CONTROL TO A USER
ROUT I NE
END OF I NTERRUPT TO 8259
RESET MACHI NE STATE
TIKER_INT ENDP
ARITHMETl C CHECKSUM ROUTI NE
ENTRY;
DS ::: DATA SEGMENT OF ROM SPACE TO aE CHECKED
51 ::: INDEX OFFSET INTO OS POINTING TO 1ST BYTE
C)( :::: LENGTH OF SPACE TO BE ,CHECKED
EXIT: ZERO FLAG OFF:ERROR, ON::: SPACE CHECKED OK

RC o ADD AL, DS: [51]
- INC 51
LOOP
OR
RET
ROS_CHECKSUM ENDP
THESE ARE THE VECTORS WHI CH ARE MOYED INTO
; THE -8086 I Nl"ERRUPT AREA OUR I NG PQWER ON.
; ONLY THE OFFSETS ARE DISPLAVED HERE, CODE
i SEGMENT WILL BE AD-OED FOR ALL OF THEM, EXCEPT
, WHERE NOTED
ASSUME CS: CODE
ORG OFEF3H
VECTOR TABLE LABEL W.oRD. YECTOR TABLE FOR MOVE TO 1 NTERRUPTS
P MSG
G12A
BEEP
G7:
- ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
ow
PRoe
MOV
lNC
PUSH
CALL
POP
CMP
JNE
RET
ENDP
OFFSET TI MER_I NT ; I,NTERRUPT S
OFFSET KB- I NT INTERRUPT 9
OFFSET 011 I NTERRUPT -A
OFFSET 011 INTERRUPT B
OFFSET D 11 INTERRUPT C
OFFSET 011 INTERRUPT 0
OFFSET DISK I NT INTERRUPT E
OFFSET D 11- INTERRUPT F
OFFSET VIDEO_IO INTERRUPT 10H
OFFSET EQU I PMENT i INTERRUPT llH
OFFSET MEMORY_51 ZE_DETERMI NE , INTERRUPT 12H
OFFSET 0 I SKETTE_I a i INTERRUPT 13H
OFFSET RS232_I-O ; INTERRUPT 14H
CASSETTE_I 0 ; INTERRUPT 15H
OFFSET KEVBOARD_IO ; INTERRUPT 16H
OFFSET P.R I NTER_I a i INTERRUPT 17H
ODOOOH I NTERRUPT ISH
OF600H , MUST BE I NSERTED I NTO TABLE .LATER
OFFSET BOOT _STRAP , INTERRUPT 19H
TIME OF DAV INTERRUPT 1AH -- TIME OF DAV
DUMMV _RETURN I NTERRUPT ISH -- KEVBD BREAK ADDR
DUMMV RETURN INTERRUPT Ie -- TIMER BREAK ADOR
YID_EO=PARMS I INTERRUPT 10 -- YIDEO PARAMETERS
OFFSET 0 15K_BASE ; I NTERRUPT IE -- 0 I SK PARMS
CRT CHARH INTERRUPT IF -- YIOEO EXT
NEAR
AL, CS: [51]
SI
AX
PRT_HEX
AX
AL,13
G12A
PUT CHAR IN AL
POI NT TO NEXT CHAR
SAVE PRINT CHAR
CALL VI DEO 10
RECOVER PR"I NT CHAR
WAS 1 T -CkRRAGE RETURN?
NO, KEEP PRINTING STRING
"ROUTI NE TO BEEPER
PROC NEAR
MOY AL, 1.01101108
OUT TIMER+3, AL
HOY AX, 533H
OUT TlMER+2, AL
MOV AL, AH
OUT TIMER.+2, AL
IN AL, PORT_8
MaY AH, AL
OR AL,03
OUT PORT _B, AL
SUB ex, ex
LOOP G7
DEC BL
JNZ G7
MOY AL, AH
OUT PORT_8, AL
RET
SEL TIM 2, LSB, MSB, BINARV
WR ITE THE TI MER MODE REG
o I VI 50R FOR 1000 HZ
WRITE TIMER 2 CNT - Lse
WRITE TIMER 2 CNT - MS8
GET CURRENT SETTI NG OF PORT
SAVE THAT SETTING
TURN SPEAKER ON
SET CNT TO W'AIT ,500 MS
DELAV BEfORE TURNING OFF
DELAV CNT EXPIRED?
NO - CONTI'NUE BEEP I NG SPK
RECOYER - VALUE OF PORT
RETURN TO CALLER
BEEP ENDP
ROM BIOS A-t07
FF53
FF53 CF
FF54
FF54
FF54 FB
FFS5 lE
FF56 50
FFS7 53
FF58 51
FF59 52
FF5A B8 ---- R
FF5D BE 08
FF5F 80 3E 0000 R 01
FF64 74 SF
FF66 C6 06 0000 R 01
FF6B 84 OF
FF6D CD 10
FF6F SA CC
FF71 85 19
FF73 E8 FA5F R
FF16 51
FF77 84 03
FF79 CD 10
FF7B 59
FF7C 52
FF7D 33 02
FF7F 84 02
FFBI CD 10
FFS3 84 08
FFB5 CD 10
FFS7 OA CO
FF89 75 02
FF8B SO 20
FF8D 52
FF8E 33 D2
FF90 32 E4
FF92 CD 17
FF94 5A
FF9S F6 C4 29
FF98 75 21
FF9A FE C2
FF9C 3A CA
FF9E 75 DF
FFAO 32 D2
FFA2 SA E2
FFA4 52
FFA5 EB FA5F R
FFAB .A
FFA9 FE C6
FFAB 3A EE
FFAD 75 DO
FFAF 5A
FFBO 84 02
FFB2 CD 10
FFB4 C6 06 0000 R 00
FF09 EB OA
FFBB 5A
FFBt 84 02
FFeE CD 10
Freo C6 06 0000 R FF
FFe5 5A
FFe6 59
FFC7 5B
FFee 5B
FFC9 IF
FFCA CF
FFee
ORG OFF53H
IRET
tNT 5 ---------------------------------------------------------
THIS LOGIC WILL BE INVOKED BY INTERRUPT QSH TO PRINT
THE SCREEN. THE CURSOR POS I T I ON AT THE T I ME TH IS ROUT I NE
IS INVOKED WILL BE SAVED AND RESTORED UPON COMPLETION. THE
ROUTINE IS INTENDED TO RUN WITH INTERRUPTS ENABLED.
IF A SUBSEQUENT 'PRINT SCREEN KEV I S DEPRESSED DURING THE
TIME THIS ROUTINE IS PRINTING IT WILL BE IGNORED.
ADDRESS 50: 0 CONTAINS THE STATUS OF THE PRINT SCREEN:
50: 0
ASSUME
ORG
PRINT SCREEN
- STI
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
MOV
CMP
JZ
MOV
MOV
INT
=0 EITHER PRI NT SCREEN HAS NOT BEEN CALLED
OR UPON RETURN FROM A CALL THI SIND I CATES
A SUCCESSFUL OPERATION.
= 1 PR 1 NT SCREEN I SIN PROGRESS
=OFFH ERROR ENCOUNTERED DURING PRINTING
CS; CODE, DS: XXDATA
OFF!54H
PROC FAR
MUST RUN WI TH I NTERRUPTS ENABLED
DS MUST USE 50; 0 FOR DATA AREA
STORAGE
AX
BX
CX
OX
AX, XXDATA
DS,AX
STATUS_BVTE, 1
EXIT
STATUS_BVTE, 1
AH,15
10H
WILL USE THIS LATER FOR CURSOR
LIMITS
WILL HOLD CURRENT CURSOR POSITION
HEX 50
SEE IF PRINT ALREADV IN PROGRESS
..lUMP IF PRI NT ALREADV 1 N PROGRESS
I ND I CATE PR I NT NOW I N PROGRESS
WI LL REQUEST THE CURRENT SCREEN
MODE
[AL]=MODE
[AH]=NUMBER COLUMNS/LINE
i [BH]=VISUAL PAGE
** ** *.************ ** *.* *.tI.**.**.******tI**
AT THIS POINT WE KNOW THE COLUMNS/LINE ARE IN
[AX] AND THE PAGE IF APPLICABLE IS IN [BH]. THE STACK
HAS DS,AX,BX,CX,DX PUSHED. [All HAS VIDEO MODE
ftH*** _H* _ **_ **.** __ *****.*_***.******_**
MOV CL, AH WI LL MAKE USE OF [CX] REG I STER TO
MOV CH,25 CONTROL ROW. COLUMNS
CALL CRLF CARRIAGE RETURN LINE FEED ROUTINE
PUSH CX SAVE SCREEN BOUNDS
MOV AH,3 WiLL NOW READ THE CURSOR.
INT 10H AND PRESERVE THE POSITION
POP CX RECALL SCREEN BOUNDS
PUSH DX RECALL [BH]=VISUAL PAGE
XOR DX,DX ; WILL SET CURSOR POSITION TO [0,0]
*******-**--**._*._._*****.**** *.*****.***._********* **.
THE LOOP FROM PRl10 TO THE INSTRUCTION PRIOR TO PRI20
IS THE LOOP TO READ EACH CURSOR POSITION FROM THE SCREEN
AND PRINT.
; fI* _*fI_**_****_.**.*****fI************** ***H **fI"******
PRJ 10; HOY AH,2 TO INDICATE CURSOR SET REQUEST
INT 10H NEW CURSOR POSITION ESTABLISHED
MOV AH, B TO I ND I CATE READ CHARACTER
INT 10H CHARACTER NOW IN [AL]
OR AL, AL SEE IF VALID CHAR
..INZ PRIIS ,JUMP IF VALID CHAR
HOY AL ' , HAKE A BLANK
PRllS; PUSH DX' SAVE CURSOR POSITION
XOR DX,DX INDICATE PRINTER 1
XOR AH,AH TO INDICATE PRINT CHAR IN [All
I NT 17H PR I NT THE CHARACTER
POP DX RECALL CURSOR POSITION
TEST AH,029H TEST FOR PRINTER ERROR
..INZ ERR 10 ..lUMP I F ERROR DETECTED
INC DL ADVANCE TO NEXT COLUMN
CMP CL,DL SEE IF AT END OF LINE
..INZ PRII0 IF NOT PROCEED
XOR DL, DL BACK TO COLUMN 0
HOY AH,DL [AH]=O
PUSH DX SAVE NEW CURSOR POSITION
CALL CRLF LINE FEED CARRIAGE RETURN
POP OX RECALL CURSOR POSITION
J Ne DH ADVANCE TO NEXT LINE
CMP CH,DH FINISHED'?
JNZ PRII0 IF NOT CONTINUE
POP OX RECALL CURSOR POSITION
MOV AH,2 TO I ND I CATE CURSOR SET REQUEST
INT 10H CURSOR POSITION RESTORED
MOV STATUS_BVTE,O INDICATE FINISHED
..IMP SHORT EX I T EX I T THE ROUT I NE
ERRI0: POP DX GET CURSOR POSITION
HOY AH,2 TO REQUEST CURSOR SET
INT 10H ; CURSOR POSITION RESTORED
HOV STATUS_BVTE,OFFH i INDICATE ERROR
EXIT; POP DX RESTORE ALL THE REGISTERS USED
POP CX
POP ax
POP AX
POP DS
IRET
PRINT_SCREEN ENDP
A-I08 ROM BIOS
FFCB
FFeB 2B co
FFCD BE D8
FFCF C7 06 0024 R 1937 R
FFD5 A3 0060 R
FFD8 C7 06 0062 R F600
FFDE CD 18
FfEO
FFEO
FFEO E6 43
FFE2 BA 0040
FFE5 02 D4
FFE7 SA C3
FFE9 EE
FFEA 52
FFEB 5A
FfEe SA C7
FFEE EE
FFEF C3
FFFO
FFFO
FFFO EA
FFFl 0043 R
FFF3 FOOO
FFF5 30 36 2F 30 31 2F
38 33
FFFD FF
FFFE FD
FFFF
EASE OF USE REYECTOR ROUTI NE - CALLED THROUGH
INT IBH WHEN CASSETTE BASIC IS INVOKED (NO DISKETTE
NO CARTRIDGES)
KEVBOARD VECTOR IS RESET TO POINT TO "NEW INT 9"
BASIC YECTOR IS SET TO POINT TO F600:0 - -
BAS_ENT PROC
ASSUME
5UB
"OV
"OY
"OY
"OV
INT
BAS_ENT ENDP
FAR
OS: ABSO
AX,AX
OS, AX ; SET ADDRESSING
WORD PTR INT_PTR+4, OFFSET NEW_INT_9
BASIC_PTR,AX ; SET INT 18=F600;O
BASIC_PTR+2,OF600H
I8H ; GO TO BASI C
INITIALIZE TIMER SUBROUTINE - ASSUMES BOTH THE LSB AND MSB
OF THE TIMER WILL BE USED.
CALLING PARAMETERS;
(AH) = TIMER.
CAL) = BIT PATTERN OF INITIALIZATiON WORD
(BX) = INITIAL COUNT
C BH) = M58 COUNT
C BL) = LSB COUNT
ALTERS REGI STERS OX AND AL.
i NIT_TI MER
OUT
"OY
ADD
"OY
OUT
PUSH
POP
MOY
OUT
RET
INIT_TIMER
PROC NEAR
TIM_CTl, AL.
OX, TIMER
Ol,AH
Al, BL
OX, AL
OX
OX
AL, BH
OX, AL
ENOP
POWER ON RESET YECTOR
ORG OFFFOH
; ----- POWER ON RESET
~ O E
DB
OW
OW
DB
DB
DB
DB
ENDS
END
OEAH
OFFSET RESET
OFOOOH
'06/01/83
OFFH
OFDH
OFFH
OUTPUT I NI TI AL CONTROL. WORD
BASE PORT AODR FOR TI "ERS
ADD IN THE TIMER.
LOAD LSB
PAUSE
LOAO MSB
; ,JUMP FAR
REL.EASE MARKER
FilLER
SYSTEM IDENTIFIER
CHECKSUM
ROM BIOS A-109
Notes:
A-110 ROM BIOS
Appendix B. LOGIC DIAGRAMS
Contents
System Board ............................ . B-3
Program Cartridge ........................ B-20
Power Supply Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B-23
64KB Memory and Display Expansion ........ B-25
Color Display ............................ B-29
Diskette Drive Adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B-30
Internal Modem .......................... B-36
Parallel Printer Attachment ................. B-37
Infra-Red Receiver Board ................... B-42
Graphics Printer .......................... B-43
Compact Printer .......................... B-47
Logic Diagrams 8-1
Notes:
B-2 Logic Diagrams
K
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UL 13-D02 ..-.=-",H"",,___ .,_,_ n--'
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SR 8-C02 >-"'''-H'L-_______________________ '-'----iNH!
-CARTRIDGE: RESET
HVU- % " ,
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OHM
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D'f--"'----f---4
11 10 8 1 b 5
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System Board (Sheet 1 of 17)
System Board B-3
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11 I 10 I I 8 I l I b I I 4 I 3 I 2
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L-_____________
L-___________

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____________________________
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Bibliography
Intel Corporation. The 8086
Family User's Manual This
manual introduces the 8086
family of microcomputing
components and serves as a
reference in system design and
implementation.
Intel Corporation.
8086/8087/8088 Macro
Assembly Reference Manual for
8088/8085 Based Development'
System This manual describes
the 8086/8087/8088 Macro
Assembly Language, and is
intended for use by persons
who are familiar with assenbly
language.
Intel Corporation. Component
Data Catalog This book
describes Intel components and
their technecal specifications.
Motorola, Inc. The Complete
Microcomputer Data Library.
This book describes Motorola
components and their technical
specifications.
National Semiconductor
Corporation. INS 8250
Asynchronous Communications
Element. This book documents
Physical and operating
characteristics of the INS 8250.
BibHography-l
Notes:
8ib6ography-l
APPENDIX C: CHARACTERS,
KEYSTROKES, AND COLOR
Value
17 23
As Characters
Ctrl L
Ctrl M,.-J
Shift ,.J
Ctrl W
Color/Graphics
Text Attributes
Black Dark Grey
Blue
Black Light Green
Black Light Green
Black Light Red
Black Light Magenta
Black Yellow
Blue Light Grey
Characters, Keystrokes, and Color C-l
Color/Graphics
Value As Characters Text Attributes
Hex Dec Symbol Keystrokes Modes Background Foreground
18 24 t Ctrl X Blue Dark Grey
19 25
j
Ctrl Y Blue Light Blue
1A 26
-
Ctrl Z Blue Light Green
1B 27 Ctrl [. Blue Light Cyan
Esc, Shift
-
Esc, Ctrl
Esc
1C 28 L Ctrl \ Blue Light Red
1D 29
-
Ctrl] Blue Light Magenta
1E 30 A Ctrl6 Blue Yellow
1F 31 .. Ctrl- Blue White
20 32 Blank Space Bar, Green Black
Space Shift,
Space,
Ctrl Space,
Alt Space
21 33 ! ! Shift Green Blue
22 34
.. ..
Shift Green Green
23 35 # # Shift Green Cyan
24 36 $ $ Shift Green Red
25 37 % % Shift Green Magenta
26 38 & & Shift Green Brown
27 39 Green Light Grey
28 40 ( ( Shift Green Dark Grey
29 41 ) ) Shift Green Light Blue
2A 42 * *
Note 1 Green Light Green
28 43
+ +
Shift Green Light Cyan
2C 44 Green Light Red
2D 45
-
- Green Light Magenta
2E 46 Note 2 Green Yellow
2F 47 / / Green White
30 48 0 0 Note 3 Cyan Black
31 49 1 1 Note 3 Cyan Blue
32 50 2 2 Note 3 Cyan Green
33 51 3 3 Note 3 Cyan Cyan
C-2 Characters, Keystrokes, and Color
Color/Graphics
34 52 4 4 Note 3 Cyan Red
35 53 5 5 Note 3 Cyan Magenta
36 54 6 6 Note 3 Cyan Brown
37 55 7 7 Note 3 Cyan Light Grey
38 56 8 8 Note 3 Cyan Dark Grey
39 57 9 9 Note 3 Cyan Light Blue
3A 58 Shift Cyan Light Green
3B 59
I
Cyan Light Cyan
3C 60 < < Shift Cyan Light Red
3D 61
= =
Cyan Light Magenta
3E 62 > > Shift Cyan Yellow
3F 63 ? ? Shift Cyan White
40 64 @ @ Shift Red Black
41 65 A A Note 4 Red Blue
42 66 B B Note 4 Red Green
43 67 C C Note 4 Red Cyan
44 68 0 0 Note 4 Red Red
45 69 E E Note 4 Red Magenta
46 70 F F Note 4 Red Brown
47 71 G G Note 4 Red Light Grey
48 72 H H Note 4 Red Dark Grey
49 73 I I Note 4 Red Light Blue
4A 74 J J Note 4 Red Light Green
4B 75 K K Note 4 Red Light Cyan
4C 76 L L Note 4 Red Light Red
40 77 M M Note 4 Red Light Magenta
4E 78 N N Note 4 Red Yellow
4F 79 0 0 Note 4 Red White
50 80 P P Note 4 Magenta Black
51 81
Q Q
Note 4 Magenta Blue
52 82 R R Note 4 Magenta Green
53 83 S S Note 4 Magenta Cyan
54 84 T T Note 4 Magenta Red
Characters, Keystrokes, and Color C-3
Color/Graphics
55 85 U U Note 4 Magenta Magenta
56 86 V V Note 4 Magenta Brown
57 57 W W Note 4 Magenta Light Grey
58 88 X X Note 4 Magenta Dark Grey
59 89 Y Y Note 4 Magenta Light Blue
5A 90 Z Z Note 4 Magenta Light Green
5B 91 [ [ Magenta Light Cyan
5C 92 \ \ Magenta _ Light Red
5D 93
1 1
Magenta Light Magenta
5E 94 A A Shift Magenta Ye[low
5F 95 - - Shift Magenta White
60 96
.
.
Yellow Black
61 97 a a Note 5 Yellow Blue_
62 98 b b Note 5 Yellow Green
63 99 c c Note 5 Yellow Cyan
64 100 d d Note 5 Yellow Red
65 101 e e Note 5 Yellow Magenta
66 102 f f Note 5 Yellow Brown
67 103 g g Note 5 Yellow Light Grey
68 104 h h Note 5 Yellow Dark Grey
69 105 i i Note 5 Yellow Light Blue
6A 106 j j Note 5 Yellow Light Green
6B 107 k k Note 5 Yellow Light Cyan
6C 108 I I Note 5 Yellow Light Red
6D 109 m m Note 5 Yellow Light Magenta
6E 110 n n Note 5 Yellow Yellow
6F 111 a a Note 5 Yellow White
70 112 p p Note 5 White Black
71 113 q q Note 5 White Blue
72 114 r r Note 5 White Green
73 115 s s Note 5 White Cyan
74 116 f f Note 5 White Red
75 117 u u Note 5 White Magenta
76 118 v v Note 5 White Brown
Color /Graphics
77 119 w w Note 5 White Light Grey
78 120 x x Note 5 White Dark Grey
79 121 y y Note 5 White Light Blue
7A 122 z z Note 5 White Light Green
7B 123 { { Shift White Light Cyan
7C 124
I I
Shift White Light Red
I I
70 125
I I
Shift White Light Magenta
7E 126

Shift White Yellow
7F 127
{j.
Ctrl- White White
* * * * 80 to FF Hex are Flashing if Blink is Enabled
* * * *
80 128
c:
Alt 128 Note 6 Black Black
81 129 ii Alt 129 Note 6 Black Blue
82 130 e Alt 130 Note 6 Black Green
83 131 a Alt 131 Note 6 Black Cyan
84 132 a Alt 132 Note 6 Black Red
85 133 11 Alt 133 Note 6 Black Magenta
86 134 a Alt 134 Note 6 Black Brown
87 135
<; Alt 135 Note 6 Black Light Grey
88 136 Eo Alt 136 Note 6 Black Dark Grey
89 137 e Alt 137 Note 6 Black Light Blue
8A 138 e Alt 138 Note 6 Black Light Green
8B 139
"j
Alt 139 Note 6 Black Light Cyan
8C 140 I Alt 140 Note 6 Black Light Red
80 141 I Alt 141 Note 6 Black Light Magenta
8E 142 A Alt 142 Note 6 Black Yellow
8F 143 A Alt 143 Note 6 Black White
90 144 E Alt 144 Note 6 Blue Black
91 145
z
Alt 145 Note 6 Blue Blue
92 146 j( Alt 146 Note 6 Blue Green
93 147 6 Alt 147 Note 6 Blue Cyan
94 148 i:i Alt 148 Note 6 Blue Red
95 149 0 Alt 149 Note 6 Blue Magenta
Color/Graphics
96 150 U Alt 150 Note 6 Blue Brown
97 151 U Ait 151 Note 6 Blue Light Grey
98 152
Y
Alt 152 Note 6 Blue Dark Grey
99 153 6 Alt 153 Note 6 Blue Light Blue
9A 154 U Alt 154 Note 6 Blue Light Green
9B 155
q;
Alt 155 Note 6 Blue Light Cyan
9C 156 Alt 156 Note 6 Blue Light Red
90 157 Ait 157 Note 6 Blue Light Magenta
9E 158 Pt Alt 158 Note 6 Blue Yellow
9F 159
J
Alt 159 Note 6 Blue White
AO 160 a Alt 160 Note 6 Green Black
Al 161 i Alt 161 Note 6 Green Blue
A2 162 6 Alt 162 Note 6 Green Green
A3 163 U Alt 163 Note 6 Green Cyan
A4 164 ii Alt 164 Note 6 Green Red
A5 165 N Alt 165 Note 6 Green Magenta
A6 166 a Alt 166 Note 6 Green Brown
A7 167 a Alt 167 Note 6 Green Light Grey
A8 168
l
Alt 168 Note 6 Green Dark Grey
A9 169
r-
Alt 169 Note 6 Green Light Blue
AA 170 --, Alt 170 Note 6 Green Light Green
AB 171 'h Alt 171 Note 6 Green Light Cyan
AC 172 V- Alt 172 Note 6 Green Light Red
AD 173 i Alt 173 Note 6 Green Light Magenta
AE 174 Alt 174 Note 6 Green Yellow
AF 175

Alt 175 Note 6 Green White
BO 176 Alt 176 Note 6 Cyan Black
...
Bl 177
I
Alt 177 Note 6 Cyan Blue
B2 178
I
Alt 178 Note 6 Cyan Green
B3 179 Alt 179 Note 6 Cyan Cyan
B4 180
f...--
Alt 180 Note 6 Cyan Red
B5 181
I Alt 181 Note 6 Cyan Magenta
B6 182
~ Alt 182 Note 6 Cyan Brown
Color/Graphics
B7 183
r-------n
Alt 183 Note 6 Cyan Light Grey
B8 184
1====1
Alt 184 Note 6 Cyan Dark Grey
B9 185
F==:I
Alt 185 Note 6 Cyan Light Blue
BA 186
I
Alt 186 Note 6 Cyan Light Green
BB 187
hl
Alt 187 Note 6 Cyan Light Cyan

BC 188

Alt 188 Note 6 Cyan Light Red

f------lJ
E
BD 189 Alt 189 Note 6 Cyan Light Magenta
I
BE 190
==l
Alt 190 Note 6 Cyan Yellow
BF 191
---,
Alt 191 Note 6 Cyan White
CO 192
L-
Alt 192 Note 6 Red Black
Cl 193 Alt 193 Note 6 Red Blue
C2 194 Alt 194 Note 6 Red Green
C3 195

Alt 195 Note 6 Red Cyan
C4 196 Alt 196 Note 6 Red Red
C5 197 Alt 197 Note 6 Red Magenta
C6 198
,
Alt 198 Note 6 Red Brown
C7 199 t--- Alt 199 Note 6 Red Light Grey
C8 200
....':::::::::
Ait 200 Note 6 Red Dark Grey
C9 201
rr==
Alt 201 Note 6 Red Light Blue
CA 202
---11-
Alt 202 Note 6 Red Light Green
CB 203 Alt 203 Note 6 Red Light Cyan
----, .----
CC 204
1:==
Alt 204 Note 6 Red Light Red
CD 205 Alt 205 Note 6 Red Light Magenta
CE 206

Alt 206 Note 6 Red Yellow
CF 207 Alt 207 Note 6 Red White
DO 208 Alt 208 Note 6 Magenta Black
Dl 209 Alt 209 Note 6 Magenta Blue
D2 210 Alt 210 Note 6 Magenta Green
D3 211
LL-
Alt 211 Note 6 Magenta Cyan
D4 212 1:::::= Alt 212 Note 6 Magenta Red
D5 213
1==
Alt 213 Note 6 Magenta Magenta
D6 214
rr---
Alt 214 Note 6 Magenta Brown
D7 215 Alt 215 Note 6 Magenta Light Grey
Value As Characters
Hex Dec Symbol Keystrokes Modes
Color/Graphics
Text Attributes
Background Foreground
Color/Graphics
F9 249

Alt 249 Note 6 White Light Blue
FA 250

Alt 250 Note 6 White Light Green
FB 251
r
Alt 251 Note 6 White Light Cyan
FC 252
1/
Alt 252 Note 6 White Light Red
FD 253 2 Alt 2'53 Note 6 White Light Magenta
FE 254

Alt 254 Note 6 White Yellow
FF 255 BLANK Alt 255 Note 6 White White
NOTE 1 On the 62-key keyboard the Asterisk (*) can be keyed using two methods:
1) in the shift mode hit the ~ key or 2) hold Alt key and press the
LJ key.
On the 83-key keyboard the Asterisk (*) can be keyed using two methods:
1) hit the I Pr: Sc I key or 2) in the shift mode hit the [;] key.
NOTE 2 Period (.) can easily be keyed using two methods: 1) hit the 0 key or 2) in
shift or Num Lock mode hit the I ~ I I key.
NOTE 3 Numeric characters (0-9) can easily be keyed using two methods: 1) hit
the numeric keys on the top row of the typewriter portion of the keyboard
or 2) on the 83-key keyboard in shift or Num Lock mode hit the numeric
keys in the 1 a-key pad portion of the keyboard.
NOTE 4 Upper case alphabetic characters (A-Z) can easily be keyed in two modes:
1) in shift mode the appropriate alphabetic key or 2) In Caps Lock mode hit
the appropriate alphabetic key.
NOTE 5 Lower case alphabetic characters (a-z) can easily be keyed in two modes:
1) in "normal" mode hit the appropriate key or 2) In Caps Lock combined
with shift mode hit the appropriate alphabetic key.
NOTE 5 On the 52-key keyboard set Num Lock state using Alt/Fn/N then 3 digits
after the Alt key must be typed from the numeric keys on the top row of
the typematic portion of the keyboard. Character codes 000 through 255
can be entered in this fashion. (With Caps Lock activated, character codes
97 through 122 will display upper case rather than lower case alphabetic
characters.)
On the 83-key keyboard the 3 digits after the Alt key must be typed from
the numeric key pad (keys 71-73, 75-77, 79-82).
C-IO Characters, Keystrokes, and Colors
Character Set (OO-7F) Quick Reference
DECIMAL

0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112
VALUE
..-
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A l
IVAI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0
BLANK BLANK
0
@
P
I
P
(NULL)
~
(SPACE)
1 1
~
......
I

1 A
Q
a
q
2 2
-
t
" 2 B R b r
3 3
~
I I
# 3 C 5 c s

4 4
+
9T $
4 D T d t
5 5
+

% 5 E U e u
6 6
~
-
& 6 F V f v
7

t
,
7
7
G
W
9
W
8 8 t (
8 H X h x
0
! )
9 I Y

y 9 9
I
*
J Z
.
10 A
----.
J
z

11 B
cJ
+--
+

K [ k {
,
12 C
9
L
< L \
I
I
, I
13 D
.P
.-....
-
-
M
]
m
}
-
14 E
-b

>
N
/\
n
rv

15 F
-
..
/
?
0 0
d

-
Characters, Keystrokes, and Colors C-ll
Character Set (80-FF) Quick Reference
DECIMAL

128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 VALUE
..
~ ~ ~ ~ . : .
8 9 A B C D E F
[VALUE
C
...
I
E
,
-
0 0
a

ex: -
-
I ~

,
:
;
{3
+
1 1
U
ce I
:
=
,
J
, I
r
>
2 2
e
0
I
-
-
-
,
lL
<
3 3
a 0 u
f--
rr
-
.. ..
-
b
I
r
4 4
a 0
n
-
-
J " "
N
==
F
a
5 5
a 0
0 ,A.
--1
~

6 6
a u a
-
J.L
-

t;
"
~
7 7
U 0
11
T
-

<I>
0
8 8
e
y
l
~
..
..
~
0
0
I
.--
9
9
e
..
-.JL
n
"
u
-,
10 A
e

1/2
0
11 B
I
=t
-
""
-

1/4
d
n
12 C
I
00
"

.JJ

2
13 D
I
I
14 E
A R

bd
w
E
I
II
15 F
A
f

n
BLANK
n
'FF'
C-12 Characters, Keystrokes, and Colors
Appendix D. UNIT SPECIFICATIONS
System Unit
Size:
Length
Depth
Height
354 mm (13.9 in.)
290 mm (11.4 in.)
97 mm (3.8 in.)
Weight:
3.71 Kg (81b 40z)
2.61 Kg (Sib 80z)
Transformer:
Electrical:
Input
Output to System
Power Cords:
With Diskette Drive
Without Diskette Drive
110 Vac 60 Hz
Pin 1 - 17 Vac, Pin 2 - GND, Pin 3 -
17 Vac
Input Length 1.86 meters (6.14 feet)
Type 18AWG
Output Length 1.22 meters (4.02 feet)
Type 18AWG
Unit Specifications D-l
Environment:
Air Temperature
System ON 15.6 to 32.2 degrees C (60 to 90 degrees F)
System Off 10 to 43 degrees C (50 to 110 degrees F)
Humidity
System On
System Off
Noise Level
8% to 80%
8% to 80%
45 dB
Cordless Keyboard
Size:
Length
Depth
Height
341.5 nun (13.45 in.)
168 nun (6.61 in.)
26 nun (1.02 in.)
Weight:
With Batteries
Without Batteries
Optional Cable:
6 feet, flat
Diskette Drive
D-2 Unit Specifications
616 grams (22 ounces)
700 grams (25 ounces)
Size:
Height
Depth
Width
Weight:
41.6 mm (1.6 in.)
146 mm (5.S in.)
20S mm (S.3 in.)
1.1 kilograms (2.2 pounds)
Diskette Drive
Power:
Supply
Voltage
Nominal
Ripple
o to 50 kHz
Tolerance
+5 Vdc Input
+5 Vdc
+5 Vdc Input
100mV
+12 Vdc Input
+12 Vdc
+ 12 Vdc Input
100mV
Including Ripple
+5 Vdc Input
+/- 5%
+ 12 V dc Input
+/- 5%
Unit Specifications D-3
Standby Current
Nominal
Worst Case
+5 Vdc Input
600mA
700 rnA
Operating Current
Nominal
Worst Case
+5 Vdc Input
600mA
700mA
Mechanical and Electrical
+12 Vdc Input
400mA
500 rnA
+ 12 V dc Input
900mA
2400mA
Media Industry-compatible 5 1/4 inch
diskette
Media Life (Head Loaded)
Media Life (Insertions)
Tracks Density
Number of Tracks
Motor Start Time
3,000,000 revolutions/track
30,000
48 tracks/inch
40
500 ms
Instantaneous Speed Variation
+/- 3.0%
Rotational Speed 300 rpm +/- 1.5% (long term)
Nominal Transfer Rate (MFM)
250,000 pulses/second
MTBF (25% Operating) 8,000 POH
Read Bit Shift + / - 800 ns maximum
Seek Time
Head Life
Head Load Time
Head Settling Time
Error Rate
6 ms track-to-track maximum
20,000 hours (normal use)
Not Applicable
21 ms maximum (from last step pulse)
Soft Error
Hard Error
Access Error
1 per 1,000,000,000
bits maximum
(recoverable within
10 retries)
1 per
1,000,000,000,000
bits maximum
(nonrecoverable
within 10 retries)
1 per 3,000,000
seeks maximum
Temperature (Exclusive of media)
Operating 50 to 122 degrees F
(10 to 44 degrees
C)
Non-operating -40 to 140 degrees
F (-40 to 60 degrees
C)
Relative Humidity (Exclusive of media)
Operating Altitude
Operating Vibration
Color Display
Size:
Operating 20 to 80%
(noncondensing)
Non-operating 5 to 95%
(noncondensing)
7,000 feet above sea level
5 to 500 Hz IIG
Height
Depth
Width
297 mm (11.7 in.)
407 mm (15.6 in.)
392 mm (15.4 in.)
Unit Specifications D-S
Weight:
11.8 kilograms (26 pounds)
Heat Output:
240 BTU/hour
Power Cables:
Length 1.83 meters (6 feet)
Size 22AWG
Graphics Printer
Size:
Height
Depth
Width
Weight:
110 mm (4.3 in.)
370 mm (14.5 in.)
400 mm (15.7 in.)
5.9 kilograms (12.9 pounds)
Heat Output:
341 BTU/hour
Power Cable:
Length
Size
1.83 meters (6 feet)
18AWG
Signal Cable:
Length 1.83 meters (6 feet)
Size 22AWG
Electrical:
Minimum 104 Vac
Nominal 120 Vac
Maximum 127 Vac
Internal Modem
Power:
Parameter
Tolerance
Ripple
Maximum Current
Current Nominal
Interface
RS232C
+ 5 Vdc Voltage
+/-5%
50 mY, P-P
300mA
150mA
+ 12 Vdc Voltage
+/-10%
50 mY, P-P
50mA
25mA
Unit Specifications D-7
Compact Printer
Size:
Height
Depth
Width
Weight:
88.9 mm (3.5 in)
221 mm (8.7 in)
312.4 mm (12.3 in)
2.99 kg (6.6 lb)
Heat Output:
54.6 Btujhr
Power Cable:
Length 1.89 mm (6 ft)
Size 28 AWG
Signal Cable:
Length 1.89 m (6 ft)
Size 3 by 18 AWG
Electrical:
Voltage 110 Vac 60 Hz
Glossary
/1s Microsecond.
adapter. An auxiliary system or
unit used to extend the
operation of another system.
address bus. One or more
conductors used to carry the
binary-coded address from the
microprocessor throughout the
rest of the system.
aU points addressable (AP A). A
mode in which all points on a
displayable image can be
controlled by the user.
alphanumeric
(A/N). Pertaining to a
character set that contains
letters, digits, and usually other
characters, such as punctuation
marks. Synonymous with
alphameric.
American Standard Code for
including parity check), used
for information interchange
among data processing systems,
data communication systems
and associated equipment. The
ASCII set consists of control
characters and graphic
characters.
A/N. Alphanumeric.
analog. (1) pertaining to data
in the form of continuously
variable physical quantities.
(2) Contrast with digital.
AND. A logic operator having
the property that if P is a
statement, Q is a statement, R
is a statement, ... , then the AND
of P, Q, R, .. .is true if all
statements are true, false if any
statement is false.
AP A. All points addressable.
Information ASCII. American Standard
Interchange. (ASCII) The Code for Information
standard code, using a coded Interchange.
character set consisting of 7-bit
coded characters (8 bits
Glossary-l
assembler. A computer
program used to assemble.
Synonymous with assembly
program.
asynchronous
communications. A
communication mode in which
each single byte of data is
synchronized, usually by the
addition of start/stop bits.
BASIC. Beginner's all-purpose
symbolic instruction code.
basic input/output system
(BIOS). Provides the device
level control of the major I/O
devices in a computer system,
which provides an operational
interface to the system and
relieves the programmer from
concern over hardware device
characteristics.
baud. (1) A unit of signaling
speed equal to the number of
discrete conditions or signal
events per second. For
example, one baud equals
one-half dot cycle per second
in Morse code, one bit per
second in a train of binary
signals, and one 3-bit value per
second in a train of signals each
of which can assume one of
eight different states. (2) In
Glossary-2
asynchronous transmission, the
unit of modulation rate
corresponding to one unit of
interval per second; that is , if
the duration of the unit interval
is 20 milliseconds, the
modulation rate is 50 baud.
Bec. Block-check character.
beginner's all-purpose symbolic
instruction. code (BASIC) A
programming language with a
small repertoire of commands
and a simple syntax, primarily
designed for numerical
application.
binary. ( 1) Pertaining to a
selection, choice, or condition
that has two possible values or
states. (2) Pertaining to a fIxed
radix numeration system having
a radix of two.
binary digit. ( 1) In binary
notation, either of the
characters 0 or 1. (2)
Synonymous with bit. binary
notation: Any notation that
uses two different characters,
usually the binary digits 0 and
1.
BIOS. Basic input/output
system.
bit. In binary notation, either
of the characters 0 or 1.
bits per second (bps). A unit of
measurement representing the
number of discrete binary digits
which can be transmitted by a
device in one second.
block-check character
(BCC). In cyclic redundancy
checking, a character that is
transmitted by the sender after
each message block and is
compared with a block-check
character computed by the
receiver to determine if the
transmission was successful.
Boolean operation. (1) Any
operation in which each of the
operands and the result take
one of two values. (2) An
operation that follows the rules
of Boolean algebra.
bootstrap. A technique or
device designed to bring itself
into a desired state by means of
its own action; that is, a
machine routine whose first
few instructions are sufficient
to bring the rest of itself into
the computer from an input
device.
bps. Bits per second.
buffer. (1) An area of storage
that is temporarily reserved for
use in performing an
input/ output operation, into
which data is read or from
which data is written.
Synonymous with I/O area.
(2) A portion of storage for
temporarily holding input or
output data.
bus. One or more conductors
used for transmitting signals or
power.
byte. (1) A binary character
operated upon as a unit and
usually shorter than a computer
word. (2) The representation of
a character.
CAS. Column address strobe.
cathode ray tube (CRT). A
vacuum tube display in which a
beam of electrons can be
controlled to form
alphanumeric characters or
symbols on a luminescent
screen, for example by use of a
dot matrix.
cathode ray tube display (CRT
display). (1) A device that
presents data in visual form by
means of controlled electron
Glossary-3
beams. (2) The data display
produced by the device as in
(1).
CCITf. Comite Consultatif
International Telegrafique et
Telephonique.
central processing unit
(CPU). A functional unit that
consists of one or more
processors and all or part of
internal storage.
channel. A path along which
signals can be sent; for
example, data channel or I/O
channel.
characters per second (cps). A
standard unit of measurement
for printer output.
code. (1) A set of unambiguous
rules specifying the manner in
which data may be represented
in a discrete form.
Synonymous with coding
scheme. (2) A set of items,
such as abbreviations,
representing the members of
another set. (3) Loosely, one or
more computer programs, or
part of a computer program.
(4) To represent data or a
Glossary-4
computer program in a
symbolic form that can be
accepted by a data processor.
column address strobe( CAS). A
signal that latches the column
addresses in a memory chip.
Comite Consultatif
International. Telegrafique et
Teleponique (CCITT)
Consultative Committee on
International Telegraphy and
Telephone.
computer. A functional unit
that can perform substantial
computation, including
numerous arithmetic
operations, or logic operations,
without intervention by a
human operator during the run.
configuration. (1) The
arrangement of a computer
system or network as defined
by the nature, number, and the
chief characteristics of its
functional units. More
specifically, the term
configuration may refer to a
hardware configuration or a
software configuration. (2) The
devices and programs that
make up a system, subsystem,
or network.
conjunction. (I) The Boolean
operation whose result has the
Boolean value 1 if, and only if,
each operand has the Boolean
value 1. (2) Synonymous with
AND operation.
contiguous. (1) Touching or
joining at the edge or
boundary. (2) Adjacent.
cps. Characters per second.
cpu. Central processing unit.
CRe. Cyclic redundancy
check.
CRT display. Cathode ray tube
display.
CTS. Clear to send.
Associated with modem
control.
cyclic redundancy check
(CRC). (1) A redundancy
check in which the check key is
generated by a cyclic algorithm.
(2) A system of error checking
performed at both the sending
and receiving station after a
block-check character has been
accumulated.
cylinder. (1) The set of all
tracks with the same nominal
distance from the axis about
which the disk rotates. (2) The
tracks of a disk storage device
that can be accessed without
repositioning the access
mechanism.
daisy-chained cable. A type of
cable that has two or more
connectors attached in series.
data. (I) A representation of
facts, concepts, or instructions
in a formalized manner suitable
for communication,
interpretation, or processing by
humans or automatic means.
(2) Any representations, such
as characters or analog
quantities, to which meaning is,
or might be assigned.
decibel (dB). (1) A unit that
expresses the ratio of two
power levels on a logarithmic
scale. (2) A unit for measuring
relative power. The number of
decibels is ten times the
logarithm (base 10) of the ratio
of the measured power levels;
if the measured levels are
voltages (across the same or
equal resistance), the number
of decibels is 20 times the log
of the ratio.
decoupling capacitor. A
capacitor that provides a
Glossary-S
low-impedance path to ground
to prevent common coupling
between states of a circuit.
Deutsche Industrie Norm
(DIN). (1) German Industrial
Norm. (2) The committee that
sets German dimension
standards.
digit. (1) A graphic character
that represents an integer, for
example, one of the characters
o to 9. (2) A symbol that
represents one of the .
non-negative integers smaller
than the radix. For example, in
decimal notation, a digit is one
of the characters from 0 to 9.
digital. (1) Pertaining to data in
the form of digits. (2) Contrast
with analog.
DIN. Deutsche Industrie
Norm.
DIN Connector. One of the
connectors specified by the
DIN standardization
committee.
DIP. Dual in-line package.
Glossary-6
direct memory access
(DMA). A method of
transferring data between main
storage and 110 devices that
does not require processor
intervention.
disk. Loosely, a magnetic disk
unit:
diskette. A thin, flexible
magnetic disk and a semi-rigid
protective jacket, in which the
disk is permanently enclosed.
Synonymous with flexible disk.
DMA. Direct memory access.
DSR. Data set ready.
control.
DTR. Data terminal ready.
control.
dual in-line package (DIP). A
widely used container for an
integrated circuit. DIPs are
pins usually in two parallel
rows. These pins are spaced
1/ 10 inch apart and come in
different configurations ranging
from 14-pin to 40-pin
configurations.
EBCDIC. Extended
binary-coded decimal
interchange code.
ECC. Error checking and
correction.
edge connector. A terminal
block with a number of
contacts attached to the edge
of a printed circuit board to
facilitate plugging into a
foundation circuit.
EIA. Electronic Industries
Association.
EIA/CCITf. Electronic
Industries
Association/ Consultative
Committee on International
Telegraphy and Telephone.
end-of -text character
(ETX). A transmission control
character used to terminate
text.
end-of -transmission character
(EOT). A transmission control
character used to indicate the
conclusion of a transmission,
which may have included one
or more texts and any
assoceated message headings.
EOT. end-of-transmission
character.
EPROM. Erasable
programmable read-only
memory
erasable p r ~ l e
read-only. memory (EPROM)
A storage device whose
contents can be erased by
ultraviolet means and new
contents stored by electrical
means. EPROM information is
not destroyed when power is
removed.
error checking and correction
(ECC). The detection and
correction of all single-bit,
double-bit, and some
multiple-bit errors.
ETX. End-of-text character.
extended binary-coded decimal
interchange code. (EBCDIC)
A set of 256 characters, each
represented by eight bits.
flexible disk. Synonym for
diskette.
Glossary-7
firmware. Memory chips with
integrated programs already
incorporated on the chip.
gate. (1) A device or circuit
that has no output until it is
triggered into operation by one
or more enable signals, or until
an input signal exceeds a
predetermined threshold
amplitude. (2) A signal that
triggers the passage of other
signals through a circuit.
graphic. A symbol produced by
a process such as handwriting,
drawing, or printing.
hertz (Hz). A unit of frequency
equal to one cycle per second.
hex. Abbreviation for
hexadecimal.
hexadecimal (Hex). Pertaining
to a selection, choice, or
condition that has 16 possible
values or states. These values
or states usually contain 10
digits and 6 letters, A through
F / Hexadecimal digits are
equivalent to a power of 16.
high-order position. The
leftmost position in a string of
characters.
Glossary-8
Hz. Hertz.
interface. A device that alters
or converts actual electrical
signals between distinct
devices, programs, or systems.
k. An abbreviation for the
prefix kilo;that is, 1,000
decimal notation.
K. When referring to storage
capacity, 2 to the tenth power;
1,024 in decimal notation.
KB (Kilobyte). 1,024 bytes.
k byte. 1,024 bytes.
kHz. A unit of frequency equal
to 1,000 hertz.
kilo(k). One thousand.
latch. (l) A feedback loop in
symmetrical digital circuits
used to maintain a state. (2) A
simple logic-circuit storage
element comprising two gates
as a unit.
LED. Light-emitting diode.
light-emitting diode (LED). A
semi-conductor chip that gives
off visible or infrared light
when activated.
low-order position. The
rightmost position in a string of
characters.
m. (1) Milli; one thousand or
thousandth part. (2) Meter.
M (Mega). 1,000,000 in
decimal notation. When
referring to storage capacity, 2
to the twentieth power;
1,048,576 in decimal notation.
mAo Milliampere.
machine language. (I) A
language that is used directly
by a machine. (2) Another
term for computer instruction
code.
main storage. A storage device
in which the access time is
effectively independent of the
location of the data.
MB. Megabyte, 1,048,576
bytes.
mega (M). 10 to the sixth
power, 1,000,000 in decimal
notation. When referring to
storage capacity, 2 to the
twentieth power. 1,048,576 in
decimal notation.
megabyte (MB). 1,048,576
bytes.
megahertz (MHz). A unit of
measure of frequency. One
megahertz equals 1,000,000
hertz.
MFM. Modified frequency
modulation.
MHz. Megahertz.
microprocessor. An integrated
circuit that accepts coded
instructions for execution; the
instructions may be entered,
integrated, or stored internally.
microsecond. (ps) One-mil-
lionth of a second.
milli(m). One thousand or one
thousandth.
miJIiampere(mA). One
thousandth of an ampere.
millisecond(ms). One
thousandth of a second.
Glossary-9
mnemonic. A symbol chosen to
assist the human memory; for
example, an abbreviation such
as "mpy" for "multiply."
mode. (1) A method of
operation; for example, the
binary mode, the interpretive
mode, the alphanumeric mode.
(2) The most frequent value in
the statistical sense.
modem
(Modulator-Demodulator). A
device that converts serial (bit
by bit) digital signals from a
business machine (or data
terminal equipment) to analog
signals which are suitable for
transmission in a telephone
network. The inverse function
is also performed by the
modem on reception of analog
signals.
modified frequency modulation
(MFM). The process of
varying the amplitude and
frequency of the "write"
signal. MFM pertains to the
number of bytes of storage that
can be stored on the recording
media. The number of bytes is
twice the number contained in
the same unit area of recording
media at single density.
Glossary-tO
modulo check. A calculation
performed on values entered
into a system. This calculation
is designed to detect errors.
monitor. (l) A device that
observes and verifies the
operation of a data processing
system and indicates any
specific departure from the
norm. (2) A television type
display, such as the IBM
Monochrome Display.
(3) Software or hardware that
observes, supervises, controls,
or verifies the operations of a
system.
ms. Millisecond; one
thousandth of a second.
multiplexer. A device capable
of distributing the events of an
interleaved sequence to the
respective activities.
NAND. A logic operator
having the property that if P is
a statement, Q is a statement,
R is a statement, ... , then the
NAND of P,Q,R, .. .is true if at
least one statement is false,
false if all statements are true.
nanosecond. (ns) One-billionth
of a second.
nonconjunction. (I) The dyadic
Boolean operation the result of
which has the Boolean value 0
if, and only if, each operand
has the Boolean value 1.
non-retum-to-zero inverted
(NRZI). A transmission
encoding method in which the
data terminal equipment
changes the signal to the
opposite state to send a binary
o and leaves it in the same state
to send a binary 1.
NOR. A logic operator having
the property that if P is a
statement, Q is a statement, R
is a statement, ... ,then the NOR
of P,Q,R, .. .is true if all
statements are false, false if at
least one statement is true.
NOT. A logical operator
a statement, then the NOT of P
is true if P is false, false if P is
true.
NRZI. Non-return-to-zero
inverted.
os. Nanosecond; one-billionth
of a second.
operating system. Software that
controls the execution of
programs; an operating system
may provide services such as
resource allocation, scheduling,
input/ output control, and data
management.
OR. (1) A logic operator
a statement, Q is a statement,
R is a statement, ... ,then the
OR of P,Q,R, .. .is true if at least
one statement is true, false if all
statements are false.
output. Pertaining to a device,
process, or channel involved in
an output process, or to the
data or states involved in an
output process.
output process. (I) The process
that consists of the delivery of
data from a data processing
system, or from any part of it.
(2) The return of information
from a data processing system
to an end user, including the
translation of data from a
machine language to a language
that the end user can
understand.
overcurrent. A current of
higher than specified strength.
Glossary-II
ove"oltage. A voltage of
higher than specified value.
parallel. (1) Pertaining to the
concurrent or simultaneous
operation of two or more
devices, or to the concurrent
performance of two or more
activities. (2) Pertaining to the
concurrent or simultaneous
occurrence of two or more
related activities in multiple
devices or channels.
(3) Pertaining to the
simultaneity of two or more
processes. (4) Pertaining to the
simultaneous processing of the
individual parts of a whole,
such as the bits of a character
and the characters of a word,
using separate facilities for the
various parts. (5) Contrast with
serial.
PEL. Picture element.
personal computer. A small
home or business computer
that has a processor and
keyboard and that can be
connected to a television or
some other monitor. An
optional printer is usually
available.
Glossary-12
picture element (PEL). (1) The
smallest displayable unit on a
display. (2) Synonymous with
pixel, PEL.
pinout. A diagram of
functioning pins on a pinboard.
pixel. Picture element.
polling. (1) Interrogation of
devices for purposes such as to
avoid contention, to determine
operational status, or to
determine readiness to send or
receive data. (2) The process
whereby stations are invited,
one at a time, to transmit.
port. An access point for data
entry or exit.
printed circuit board. A piece
of material, usually fiberglass,
that contains a layer of
conductive material, usually
metal. Miniature electronic
components on the fiberglass
transmit electronic signals
through the board by way of
the metal layers.
program. (1) A series of actions
designed to achieve a certain
result. (2) A series of
instructions telling the
computer how to handle a
problem or task. (3) To design,
write, and test computer
programs.
programable read-only memory
(PROM). Non-erasable
programable memory. PROM
information is not destroyed
when power is removed.
programming language. (1) An
artificial language established
for expressing computer
programs. (2) A set of
characters and rules, with
meanings assigned prior to their
use, for writing computer
programs.
PROM. Programmable
read-only memory.
propagation delay. The time
necessary for a signal to travel
from one point on a circuit to
another.
radix. (1) In a radix numeration
system, the positive integer by
which the weight of the digit
place is multiplied to obtain the
weight of the digit place with
the next higher weight; for
example, in the decimal
numeration system, the radix of
each digit place is 1.0.
(2) Another term for base.
radix numeration system. A
positional representation
system in which the ratio of the
weight of anyone digit place to
the weight of the digit place
with the next lower weight is a
positive integer. The
permissible values of the
character in any digit place
range from zero to one less
than the radix of the digit
place.
RAS. Row address strobe.
RGBI. Red-green-blue-intensity.
read-only memory (ROM). A
storage device whose contents
cannot be modified, except by
a particular user, or when
operating under particular
conditions; for example, a
storage device in which writing
is prevented by a lockout.
read/write memory. A storage
device whose contents can be
modified.
red-green-blue-intensity (R GBI).
The description of a direct-drive
Glossary-13
color monitor which accepts RTS. Request to send.
red, green, blue, and intensity Associated with modem
signal inputs. control.
register. (1) A storage device,
having a specified storage run. A single continuous
capacity such as a bit, a byte, performance of a computer
or a computer word, and program or routine.
usually intended for a special
purpose. (2) On a calculator, a
storage device in which specific scan One. The use of a cathode
data is stored. beam to test the cathode ray
tube of a display used with a
personal computer.
RF modulator. The device used
to convert the composite video schematic. The description,
signal to the antenna level input usually in diagram form, of the
of a home TV. logical and physical structure of
an entire data base according to
ROM. Read-only memory. a conceptual model.
ROM/BIOS. The basic sector. That part of a track or
input/ output system resident in band on a magnetic drum,a
ROM, which provides the magnetic disk, or a disk pack
device level control of the that can be accessed by the
major I/O devices in the magnetic heads in the course of
computer system. a predetermined rotational
displacement of the particular
device.
',. row address strobe (RAS). A
signal that latches the row serdes. Serializer / deserializer.
addresses in a memory chip.
serial. (l) Pertaining to the
sequential performance of two
RS-232C. The standards set or more activities in a single
by the EIA for communications device. In English, the
between computers and modifiers serial and parallel
external equipment. usually refer to devices, as
opposed to sequential and
Glossary-14
consecutive, which refer to
processes. (2) Pertaining to the
sequential or consecutive
occurrence of two or more
related activities in a single
device or channel.
(3) Pertaining to the sequential
processing of the individual
parts of a whole, such as the
bits of a character or the
characters of a word, using the
same facilities for successive
parts. (4)Contrast with
parallel.
sink. A device or circuit into
which current drains.
software. (I) Computer
programs, procedures, rules,
and possible associated
documentation concerned with
the operation of a data
processing system. (2) Contrast,
with hardware.
source. The origin of a signal
or electrical energy.
source circuit. (I) Generator
circuit. (2) Control with sink.
SSe Start-stop transmission.
start bit. Synonym for start
signal.
start-of -text character
(STX). A transmission control
character that precedes a test
and may be used to terminate
the message heading.
start signal. (1) A signal to a
receiving mechanism to get
ready to receive data or
perform a function. (2)In a
start-stop system, a signal
preceding a character or block
that prepares the receiving
device for the reception of the
code elements. Synonymous
with start bit.
start-stop (SS)
transmission. (I) A synchronous
transmission such that a group
of signals representing a
character is preceded by a start
signal and followed by a stop
signal. (2) Asynchronous
transmission in which a group
of bits is preceded by a start bit
mechanism for the reception
and registration of a character
and is followed by at least one
stop bit that enables the
receiving mechanism for the
reception and registration of a
character and is followed by at
least one stop bit that enables
the receiving mechanism to
come to an idle condition
pending the reception of the
next character.
Glossary-IS
stop bit. Synonym for stop
signal.
stop signal. (1) A signal to a
receiving mechanism to wait
for the next signal. (2)In a
start-stop system, a signal
following a character or block
device for the reception of a
subsequent character or block.
Synonymous with stop bit.
strobe. (I) An instrument used
to determine the exact speed of
circular or cyclic movement.
(2) A flashing signal displaying
an exact event.
STX. Start-of-text character.
synchronous transmission. Data
transmission in which the
sending and receiving devices
are operating continuously at
the same frequency and are
maintained, by means of
correction, in a desired phase
relationship.
text. In ASCII and data
communication, a sequence of
characters treated as an entity
if preceded and terminated by
Glossary-16
one STX and one ETX
transmission control,
respectively.
track. The path or one of
the set of paths, parallel to the
reference edge on a data
medium, associated with a
single reading or writing
component as the data medium
moves past the component.
(2) The portion of a moving
data medium such as a drum,
tape, or disk, that is accessible
to a given reading head
position.
transistor-transistor logic
(TIL). A circuit in which the
multiple-diode cluster of the
diode-transistor logic circuit
has been replaced by a
multiple-emitter transistor.
TIL. Transistor-transistor
logic.
TX Data. Transmit data.
control. External connections
of the RS-232C asynchronous
communications adapter
interface.
video. Computer data or
displayed on a cathode ray tube
monitor or display.
write precompensation. The
varying of the timing of the
head current from the outer
tracks to the inner tracks of the
diskette to keep a constant
write signal.
Glossary-I 7
Notes:
Glossary-I 8
Index
A
+AO 3-7,3-72
+AO thru A3 3-20
AO thru A07, memory signal 3-7
AO thru A19, I/O signal 2-23
AO thru A14, program cartridge signal 2-114
Al 3-72
A2 3-72
A9 3-21,3-72
-ACKNLG, graphics printer signal 3-113
adapter
See diskette drive adapter
adapter ROM module addresses, valid 5-18
adapter cable
for serial devices 3-89
connector specifications 3-90
signal cable 3-89
for cassette
for IBM color display
addresses
FDC (data register) 3-17
FDC (status register) 3-17
parallel printer attachments 5-13
ROM modules, valid 5-18
RS232-C attachments 5-13
advanced BASIC, system ROM 4-13
ALE, I/O signal 2-24
ANSWER, modem command 3-44
ASCII, extended 5-21
-ATR CD IN 3-9
ATR LATCH 3-7
Index-l
attachable joystick
block diagram 3-78
electrical centering control 3-77
free floating mode 3-77
spring return mode 3-77
x-axis 3-77
y-axis 3-77
AUDIO IN, I/O signal 2-28
AUTO FEED XT 3-114
available options 1-3
B
-BASE 1 ROM IN CARTRIDGE, program cartridge signal 2-115
-BASE 2 ROM IN CARTRIDGE, program cartridge signal 2-115
BASIC, cartridge 4-13
BASIC screen editor special functions 5-41
BASIC workspace variables 5-16
BAUDCLK 3-73
beeper
block diagram 2-85
input sources 2-85
BEL, graphics printer control code 3-117
BIOS
example, interrupt usage 5-5
interrupt hex 10 4-17
interrupt hex 1 D 4-17
memory map 5-17
power-on initialization stack-area memory location 5-13
vectors list, interrupt 5-7
vectors with special meanings
interrupt hex 1 B - keyboard break address 5-8
interrupt hex 1 C - timer tick 5-8
interrupt hex 1 D - video parameters 5-9
interrupt hex 1 E - diskette parameters 5-9
interrupt hex IF - graphics character pointers (2nd 128) 5-9
interrupt hex 44 - graphics character pointers (lst 128) 5-9
Index-2
interrupt hex 48 - cordless keyboard translation 5-10
interrupt hex 49 - non-keyboard scan-code translation-table
address 5-10
BIOS cassette logic
cassette read 5-49
cassette write 5-48
tape block components 5-50
tape block format 5-50
timing chart 5-49
data record architecture 5-50
error detection 5-51
software algorithms - interrupt hex 15 5-47
cassette status in AH 5-48
request types in register AH 5-47
block diagrams
attachable joystick 3-78
beeper 2-85
cassette motor control 2-41
compact printer 3-134
diskette drive adapter 3-14
infra-red receiver 2-98
keyboard interface 2-106
memory and display expansion 3-6
modem 3-36
parallel printer attachment 3-97
read hardware 2-40
serial port (RS232) 2-127
sound subsystem 2-89
system 1-6
system board 2-9
video color/graphics subsystem 2-46
write hardware 2-40
bootstrap stack-area memory location 5-13
break, cordless keyboard 5-34
BREAK, modem command 3-44
buffer, cordless keyboard 5-36
bus cycle time 2-13
BUSY, graphics printer signal 3-113
Index-3
c
cable, adapter
See adapter cable
cable, keyboard
See keyboard cord
cable, power
See power cable
cable, signal
See signal cable
-CABLE CONNECT 2-101,3-87
CAN, compact printer control code 3-141
CAN, graphics printer control code 3-118
-CARD INSTALL 3-73
-CARD SLCTD, I/O signal 2-28
cartridge BASIC 4-13
cartridge, program
See program cartridge
CARTRIDGE RESET TAB, program cartridge signal 2-116
+CAS 3-8
cassette BASIC, system ROM 4-12
cassette interface
block diagram, cassette motor control 2-41
block diagram, read hardware 2-40
block diagram, write hardware 2-40
motor control 2-41
output to audio subsystem 2-39
cassette logic, BIOS
See BIOS cassette logic
character codes, cordless keyboard 5-27
character set, compact printer 3-148, 3-149
character set 1 3-128
description 3-109
description 3-109
CLK, I/O signal 2-23
clock crystal frequency, system 2-6
color burst signal frequency 2-6
color display
electrical requirements 3-81
horizontal drive frequency 3-82
operating characteristics 3-82
4-Index
screen characteristics 3-82
video bandwidth 3-82
color / graphics
all points addressable graphics (APA) mode
high-resolution 2-color 2-58
high-resolution 4-color 2-59
low-resolution 16-color 2-56
medium-resolution 4-color 2-57
medium-resolution 16-color 2-58
modes available 2-56
screen border colors 2-45
storage organization memory map 2-61
alphanumeric (AjN) mode
attribute byte definition 2-55
attributes 2-43
display character format 2-54
block diagram 2-46
character size and description 2-43
characters available 2-44
composite connector specifications 2-83
CRT page register 2-47
CRT j processor page register
CRT page 0 thru 2 2-79
processor page 0 thru 2 2-79
video adr mode 0 and 1 2-80
direct drive connector specifications 2-82
four-color mode palette 2-50
light pen connector specifications 2-75
memory map 2-48
mode selection summary 2-81
sequence for changing modes 2-81
page register 2-47
programming considerations
6845 CRT controller 2-75
register table 2-76
RF connector specifications 2-83
ROM character generator 2-44, 2-49
sixteen-color mode palette 2-52
storage organization
accessing the RAM 2-47
RAM address 2-47
summary of available colors 2-53
two-color mode palette 2-50
video bandwidth 2-49
Index-5
video gate array
address register 2-74
border color register bit functions 2-66
mode control I register bit functions 2-64
mode control 2 register bit functions 2-66
attribute byte definition 2-67
mode selection summary 2-81
palette mask register bit functions 2-65
palette registers 2-71
format 2-71
register addresses 2-63
reset register bit functions 2-69
sequence for changing modes 2-81
status register bit functions 2-73
vertical retrace interrupt 2-82
video I/O devices and addresses
6845 CRT 2-45,2-47,2-75
register table 2-76
command character, modem 3-40
commonly used functions, cordless keyboard 5-38
compact printer
block diagram 3-134
character set 3-148, 3-149
control codes 3-140 thru 3-141 thru 3-147
description 3-133
print mode combinations, allowable 3-140
serial interface
description 3-139
timing diagram 3-139
signal cable 3-133
specifications, general 3-135 thru 3-138
compatibility to Personal Computers
black and white monochrome display 4-18
color graphics capability differences 4-15
color modes available only on PCjr 4-16
comparison, PCjr to Personal Computers hardware 4-10
non-DMA operation considerations 4-19
screen buffer differences 4-12
software determination of the computer 4-19
timing dependencies 4-5
unequal configurations 4-7
user available read/write memory 4-12
video hardware address difference 4-16
6-Index
complex sound generator
See SN76496N
See sound subsystem
connector for television
channel selector switch 3-85
computer / television selector switch 3-85
signal cable 3-85
connector locations, system board 2-10
connector specifications
adapter cable for cassette 3-91
adapter cable for color display 3-93
adapter cable for serial devices 3-89
attachable joystick 3-79
audio 2-87
cassette (system board) 2-41
color display 3-83
composite video (system board) 2-83
connector for television 3-85
direct drive (system board) 2-82
diskette drive 3-29
games interface (system board) 2-123
graphics printer 3-115
infra-red receiver (system board) 2-100
I/O expansion 2-22
keyboard cord 3-88
light pen (system board) 2-75
modem 3-75
parallel printer attachment 3-104
power board 2-136
program cartridge 2-117
RF modulator (system board) 2-83
system board 2-10
control codes, compact printer 3-140 thru 3-147
control codes, graphics printer 3-116 thru 3-122
control latch, parallel printer attachment 3-10 1
controller, floppy disk (FDC) 3-16
cordless keyboard
BASIC screen editor special functions 5-41
battery power 2-102
buffer 5-36
Index-7
-CABLE CONNECT signal 2-101
character codes 5-27
commonly used functions 5-38
data format 2-104
data path 2-102
disabling the infra-red circuits 2-10 1, 2-103
DOS special functions 5-42
extended codes 5-30
function map, 83-key keyboard to cordless keyboard 5-25
interface block diagram 2-106
layout and keybutton numbering 5-22
parity bit 2-104
phantom-key detection 2-103
scan-codes, matrix 5-23
shift keys combinations, allowable
shift keys priorities 5-33
shift states description 5-31
alt key 5-32
caps lock 5-33
ctrl key 5-32
shift key 5-32
special handling description
break 5-34
enable/disable keyboard click 5-36
function lock 5-35
functions 1 thm 10 5-35
other characteristics 5-36
pause 5-34
phantom-key scan-code (hex 55) 5-36
print screen 5-34
run diagnostics 5-36
screen adjustment 5-35
scroll lock 5-35
system reset 5-34
typematic suppression 5-36
start bit 2-104
stop bit 2-104
transmission timing 2-105
transmitter, infra-red 2-103
80C48, keyboard microprocessor 2-103
COUNT, modem command 4-45
CPU DLY 3-8
CPU LATCH 3-9
CR, compact printer control code 3-141
8-Index
CR, graphics printer control code 3-117
-CS2 thru -CS7, program cartridge signal 2-115
-CTS, modem 3-71
D
DO thru D7 3-7,3-73
DO thru D7, program cartridge signal 2-114
-DACK 0, I/O signal 2-27
DACK 0 3-21
DATA 1 thru DATA 8, graphics printer signal 3-113
data latch, parallel printer attachment 3-99
DC2, compact printer control code 3-141
DC2, graphics printer control code 3-118
DC4, compact printer control code 3-141
DC4, graphics printer control code 3-118
DIAL, modem command 3-46
differences, PCjr to Personal Computer
addressing of internal modem 4-18
addressing of serial port 4-18
black and white monochrome display 4-18
color graphics capability differences 4-15
color modes available only on PCjr 4-16
compatibility of hardware 4-10
compatibility of configurations 4-7
non-DMA operation considerations 4-19
screen buffer 4-12
software determination ofthe computer 4-19
timing dependencies 4-5
user available read/write memory 4-12
video hardware address difference 4-17
-DIRECTION 3-23
-DISABLE CASO 3-8
-DISABLE EDATA 3-7
diskette 3-31
-DISKETTE CARD INSTALLED 3-20
-DISKETTE CS 3-21
diskette drive differences, PCjr to Personal Computer 4-13
diskette drive
load lever 3-27
Index-9
media cooling fan 3-28
sensors 3-28
diskette drive adapter
additional comments 3-19
block diagram 3-14
digital output register (DOR) 3-15
diskette drive constants 3-19
diskette drive interface signals 3-22
diskette format 3-18
floppy disk controller (FDC) 3-16
I/O channel interface signals 3-19
location 2-10
signal cable 3-13
watchdog timer (WDn 3-16
o thru D7, I/O signal 2-24
DOS special functions 5-42
-DRIVE SELECT 3-22
DRQ 0 3-21
DRQ 0, I/O signal 2-27
-DSR modem 3-72
DTMF (dial-tone modulated-frequency) 3-35
-DTR, modem 3-71
E
electrical centering control, joystick 3-77
electrical requirements
color display 3-82
diskette drive 3-28
enable/disable keyboard click 5-36
ESC control codes, compact printer 3-141 thru 3-146
ESC control codes, graphics printer 3-118 thru 3-127
extended ASCII 5-21
extended codes, cordless keyboard 5-31
to-Index
F
FF, compact printer control code 3-146
FF, graphics printer control code 3-117
FDC (floppy disk controller)
See floppy disk controller
floppy disk 3-31
floppy disk controller (FDC) 3-16
commands 3-18
functions not supported 3-18
I/O addresses 3-17
power-up parameters settings 3-17
floppy disk drive (FDD) 3-16
FORMAT, modem command 3-47
function lock, cordless keyboard 5-35
functions 1 thru 10, cordless keyboard 5-35
G
games interface
block diagram 2-120
digital input format 2-121
joystick input data 2-119
paddle input data 2-122
pushbutton inputs 2-122
resistance range 2-121
resistive input format 2-121
resistive to digital input equation 2-119
GATE 3-9
graphics
See color/graphics
graphics printer
description 3-109
description 3-109
control codes 3-116 thru 3-127
DIP switch settings 3-111
environmental conditions 3-109
Index-ll
interface timing diagram 3-113
signal cable 3-107
signal pin assignments 3-115
. signals, interface 3-113 thru 3-114
specifications 3-107
H
HANGUP, modem command 3-48
hardware differences, PC}r to Personal Computer 4-10
-HEAD SELECT I 3-23
HLDA, I/O signal 2-27
horizontal drive frequency, color display 3-82
-HRQ, I/O signal 2-26
HT, compact printer control code 3-146
HT, graphics printer control code 3-117
I
See connector for television
IBM PC Compact Printer
. See compact printer
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for Cassette
See adapter cable for cassette
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for IBM Color Display
See adapter cable for IBM color display
IBM PC}r Adapter Cable for Serial Devices
See adapter cable for serial devices
IBM PC}r Attachable Joystick
See attachable joystick
IBM PC}r Diskette Drive
See diskette drive
IBM PC}r Diskette Drive Adapter
See diskette drive adapter
IBM PC}r Internal Modem
See internal modem
IBM PC}r Parallel Printer Attachment
See parallel printer attachment
12-lndex
IBM PCjr 64KB Memory and Display Expansion
See memory and display expansion
IBM Personal Computer Graphics Printer
See graphics printer
-INDEX 3-24
infra-red link
block diagram, receiver 2-98
connector specifications 2-1 ()()
functional description 2-97
programming considerations
parity errors 2-99
phase errors 2-99
receiver 2-97
transmitter 2-103
test frequency 2-98
INITIALIZE, modem command 3-48
IO/-M, I/O signal 2-26
I/O channel
expansion connector specifications 2-22
I/O read/write cycle times 2-21
map 2-29
memory read/write cycle times 2-21
port AO input description 2-36
port AO output description 2-35
signals 2-23 thru 2-28
modem 3-70, 3-73
integrated circuits
See 6845 CRT controller
See 80C48
See 8088
See INS8250A
See MCM6665ALl5
See MK38000
See TMM23256P
See TMS4164-15
See 8253-5 programmable timer/counter
See 8255A
See 8259A
See 8284A clock chip
See SN76496N
Index-13
internal modem
address, memory location of 5-13
asynchronous communications element 3-68
block diagram 3-36
command
arguments 3-41
command character 3-40
delimiter 3-41
format 3-40
format guidelines 3-40
commands 3-44 thru 3-58
dialing 3-60
status 3-60
default state 3-63
editing/ changing commands 3-59
location 2-10
loss of carrier 3-60
modes of operation 3-68
opposite commands 3-60
programming examples 3-63
signals 3-70
smart 103 modem 3-37
telephone company interface 3-74
transmitter / receiver data format 3-70
8250A 3-68
description of registers 3-69
-lOR 3-73
INS8250A 3-68
INS8250A -OUT 1, modem 3-71
INT, graphics printer signal 3-114
interrupt controller, programmable
See 8259A
interrupt setup example 2-16
interrupt usage example 5-5
interrupt vector list 5-7
interrupts, hardware
IRQ3 2-129
+IRQ4 3-70
+IRQ6 3-20
+IRQ7 3-99
priority 2-15
used by system board 2-6
used by I/O channel 2-6
14-Index
interrupts reserved for BIOS, DOS, and BASIC 5-14
-lOR, I/O signal 2-25
-lOW 3-73
-lOW, I/O signal 2-25
IRQ1, I/O signal 2-25
J
joystick, attachable
See attachable joystick
K
keyboard
See cordless keyboard
keyboard click, enable/ disable 5-36
keyboard cord
-CABLE CONNECT 2-101,3-81
keyboard microprocessor
See 80C48
L
-LCG 3-9
LF, compact printer control code 3-146
LF, graphics printer control code 3-117
light pen 2-74
line spacing, graphics printer 3-108
load lever, diskette drive 3-27
location
DIP switches, graphics printer
internal modem 2-10
memory and display expansion 2-10,3-5
LONG RESPONSE, modem command 3-49
Index-IS
M
maps
See BIOS, memory map
See cordless keyboard, function map
See memory maps
See scan-code map
See system memory map
matrix scan-codes, cordless keyboard 5-23
MCM6665AL15 2-17,3-5
MDO thru MD7 3-7
media cooling fan 3-28
MEM AO thru A7 3-7
memory and display expansion
block diagram 3-6
configuration
requirements 3-5
EVEN memory space 3-5
location 2-10
modules used, type 3-5
ODD memory space 3-5
signals 3-7
memory maps
BIOS 5-17
BIOS, BASIC, and DOS reserved interrupts 5-14
graphics storage 2-61
memory address map 2-20
reserved memory locations 5-15
system, memory allocated for 2-20
video color/graphics subsystem 2-46
memory, 64K RAM
See RAM
memory refresh 2-17
memory requirements 4-12
memory, user available 4-12
-MEMR, I/O signal 2-25
-MEMW, I/O signal 2-26
microprocessor, keyboard
See 80C48
microprocessor, system
See 8088
minimum mode, 8088 2-6
16-Index
MK38000 2-19
-MODEM CS/DISKETIE CS 3-72
MODEM, modem command 3-50
modem
See internal modem
+MODEM INTR 3-73
modified frequency modulation (MFM) 3-13
modules
See integrated circuits
motor control, cassette 2-39
-MOTOR ENABLE 3-22
N
NUL, compact printer control code 3-147
NEC fPDP765 3-13
NEW, modem command 3-50
NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupt) 2-7
Noise Generator 2-93
N on-Keyboard Scan-code Architecture 5-42
scan-code map 5-45
translate table format 5-44
translate table default values 5-44
o
ORIGINATE, modem command 3-50
-OUT 2, modem 3-71
options, available 1-3
p
PAO thru PA7 2-31
pause, cordless keyboard 5-34
parallel printer attachment
block diagram 3-97
Index-I 7
control latch
reading from 3-101
writing to 3-10 1
data latch
format 3-100
reading from 3-99
writing to 3-99
printer control 3-10 1
+IRQ7 logic diagram 3-99
printer status signals descriptions 3-101
PBO thru PB7 2-31 thru 2-32
PCO thru PC7 2-33 thru 2-34
PE, graphics printer signal 3-114
phantom-key detection 2-103
phantom-key scan-code (hex 55), cordless keyboard 5-36
PICKUP, modem command 3-51
port AO input description 2-36
port AO output description 2-35
power-on initialization stack-area memory location 5-13
power cable
color diaplay 3-81
power supply
power available 2-135
power board
over-voltage over-current protection 2-137
V dc outputs 2-136
transformer 2-134
over-voltage over-current protection 2-137
Vac input 2-135
Vac output 2-135
pulse dialing 3-35
print method, graphics printer 3-107
print modes, graphics printer 3-116
print screen, cordless keyboard 5-34
print sizes, graphics printer 3-108
print speed, graphics printer 3-107
printer
See compact printer
See graphics printer
printer status 3-10 1
I8-Index
program cartridge
connector specification 2-117
description 2-107
momentary reset land 2-116
ROM chip select table 2-114
ROM locations, cartridge 2-118
ROM mapping 2-107
signals 2-114
slot description 2-107
storage conventions
initial program loadable 2-108
DOS conventions 2-110
cartridge BASIC 2-111
type ROM modules used 2-107
programmable interrupt controller
See 8259A
programmable timer/counter, 8253-5 2-6
Q
QUERY, modem command 3-52
R
RAM,64K
address space mapped to 2-17
EVEN memory 2-17
memory refresh 2-17
ODD memory 2-17
parity 2-17
read/write cycle times 2-21
speed 2-17
type modules used 2-17
6845 CRT controller 2-17
+RAS 3-7
-READ DATA 3-24
READY, I/O signal 2-24
reserved interrupts, BIOS, DOS, and BASIC 5-14
reserved memory locations 5-15
Index-19
RESET, I/O signal 2-23
-RESET 3-20
-RESET, modem 3-72
RETRY, modem command 3-53
-RI, modem 3-71
-RLSD, modem 3-72
ROM subsystem
address space mapped to 2-19
memory map 2-20
read/ write cycle times 2-21
type modules used 2-19
ROM module code accessed by system 5-18
ROM module addresses, valid 5-19
-RTS, modem 3-71
run diagnostics, cordless keyboard 5-36
s
scan-code map 5-45
scan-codes
cordless keyboard matrix 5-23
default non-keyboard 5-43
screen adjustment, cordless keyboard 5-35
scroll lock, cordless keyboard 5-35
serial port
block diagram 2-127
control signals 2-129
diskette operations conflict 2-125
interface 2-129
interrupt IRQ3 2-129
modes of operation 2-128
I/O decodes 2-128
output signals 2-131
ring indicate 2-130
use of the divisor-latch access-bit 2-128
voltage interchange levels 2-130
8250A
accessible registers 2-131
features 2-125
initialization program, sample 2-134
10-Index
programmable baud rate generator 2-132
baud rate at 1.7895 MHz 2-132
maximum operating frequency 2-132
output frequency equation 2-132
SI, compact printer control code 3-147
SI, graphics printer control code 3-118
signal cable
adapter cable for cassette 3-91
adapter cable for serial devices 3-89
diskette drive 3-13
color display 3-81
connector for television 3-85
SIN, modem 3-71
SLCT, graphics printer signal 3-114
smart 103 modem
See internal modem
SO, compact printer control code 3-147
SO, graphics printer control code 3-112
sound subsystem
block d i ~ l m 2-89
complex sound generator (SN76496N) 2-88
audio tone generator features 2-89
audio tone generator register address field" 2-91
audio tone generator frequency 2-91
frequency generation 2-91
audio tone generator attenuator 2-92
audio tone generator noise generator 2-93
audio tone generator noise feedback control 2-93
control registers 2-90
interface 2-89
mpx{analog multiplexer) 2-87,2-94
data transfer 2-95
output buffer amperage 2-95
signal description 2-87
signal destinations 2-87
sound sources 2-88
use of an external speaker 2-87
SOUT, modem 3-71
special-functions, cordless keyboard specific 4-14
special functions, cordless keyboard
BASIC screen editor 5-41
special functions, DOS 5-42
Index-21
SPEED, modem command 3-54
-STEP 3-22
-STROBE, graphics printer signal 3-113
system-accessible ROM-modules 5-18
system block diagram 1-6
system board
block diagram 2-9
clock crystal frequency 2-6
connectors specifications and locations 2-10
interrupts used by system board 2-6
major components list 2-8
RAM, 64K 2-17
size 2-5
subsystems list 2-6
8253-5 programmable timer/counter 2-6
system memory map 5-17
system microprocessor
See 8088
system reset 5-34
T
timers
watchdog timer (WDT) 3-16
timing dependencies, compatibility 4-5
timing diagrams
parallel printer interface 3-113
timing, keyboard transmission 2-105
timing using I/O devices 4-5
timing using program execution speed 4-5
TMM23256P 2-19
TMS4164-15 2-17,3-5
-TRACK 0 3-24
track 00 sensor 3-28
translate table format, non-keyboard scan-code 5-43
transmitter, infra-red 2-103
TRANSPARENT, modem command 3-55
typematic suppression 5-36
22-Index
u
usage of BIOS 5-5
usage of keyboard 5-21
v
vectors list, interrupt 5-7
vertical refresh, color display 3-82
video bandwidth, color display 3-82
video color/graphics subsystem
See color/graphics
video gate array
register addresses 2-63
VIDEO MEMR 3-8
VOICE, modem command 3-56
VT, compact printer control code 3-147
w
WAIT, modem command 3-57
-WE 3-9
work space variables, BASIC 5-16
-WRITE DATA 3-23
-WRITE ENABLE 3-23
write precompensation 3-13
-WRITE PROTECT 3-24
write protect sensor 3-28
x
2-121,3-77
modem command 3-57
+XRESET, modem 3-72
Index-23
y
y-coordinate 2-121,3-77
z
ZTEST, modem command 3-58
Numerals
64KB memory and display expansion
6845 CRT 2-45,2-47,2-75
register table 2-76
80C48 2-103
8088
addressable range 2-6
clock frequency 2-6, 2-13
clock cycle time 2-13
minimum mode 2-6
NMI interrupt 2-15
operating frequency 2-13
8253-5 programmable timer/counter 2-6, 2-85
cassette data to cassette control 2-39
8255A-5 2-85
audio input 2-85
bit assignments 2-31
cassette data from cassette control 2-39
cassette motor control 2-39
8259A (programmable interrupt controller)
characteristics as set up 2-16
hex types of interrupts issued 2-16
interrupt assignments 2-15
I/O addresses 2-16
priority of interrupts 2-15
setup example 2-16
8284A clock chip 2-13
SN76496N 2-88
24-Index
Reader's Comment Form
TECHNICAL REFERENCE
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