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Lab Session 3

This document describes an experiment to study an RC series circuit using a signal generator and oscilloscope. The objectives are to apply a square wave from the signal generator across a resistor and capacitor in series and observe the output waveform on the oscilloscope. The experiment involves setting up the RC circuit with the specified components, setting the signal generator to output a 1 MHz square wave, and measuring the voltage across the capacitor. The expected result is a smoothed output waveform due to the filtering properties of the RC circuit.

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M Hamza Nadeem
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30 views

Lab Session 3

This document describes an experiment to study an RC series circuit using a signal generator and oscilloscope. The objectives are to apply a square wave from the signal generator across a resistor and capacitor in series and observe the output waveform on the oscilloscope. The experiment involves setting up the RC circuit with the specified components, setting the signal generator to output a 1 MHz square wave, and measuring the voltage across the capacitor. The expected result is a smoothed output waveform due to the filtering properties of the RC circuit.

Uploaded by

M Hamza Nadeem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective

Lab session 3

To study the signal generator and RC series circuit by applying square wave across it.

Apparatus

Bread board Capacitor, Resistor CRO.

Theory

Signal Generator
A signal generator, shown in fig: 3.1, is a device with which one can generate different frequencies with different peak to peak voltage, signal generator can also provide different values of DC offset to a wave. Signal generators, also known variously as function generators, RF and microwave signal generators, pitch generators, arbitrary waveform generators, digital pattern generators or frequency generators are electronic devices that generate repeating or non-repeating electronic signals (in either the analog or digital domains). They are generally used in designing, testing, troubleshooting, and repairing electronic or electroacoustic devices; though they often have artistic uses as well.

Wave Forms

Fig: 3.1

A waveform is the shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a physical medium or an abstract representation. Common wave forms which it can generate are:i). Sine wave ii). Square wave iii). Triangular wave Fig: 3.2

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FREQUENCY SETTING: There are buttons for different frequencies and a rotating knob which is a frequency multiplier. Suppose we want to generate a wave of 0.5 kHz. Press the button of 1 kHz and set the knob at 0.5 so we get: 1kHz 0.5 = 0.5kHz DC OFFSET: There is a knob for DC offset. It works only when DC switch is in use (i.e. DC mode). First switch the CRO to DC mode and then pull the DC offset knob and rotate it. This will shift the wave above or below the mean position as shown below.

3.3-a Sine wave with no DC offset

3.3-b Sine wave with 3 volts DC offset

DUTY CYCLE: this knob is used to increase or decrease the positive or negative half of the wave.

Fig: 3.4 Amplitude: This knob is used to increase or decrease the amplitude of the waveform as shown in fig: 1.25.

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2V p-p sine wave Fig: 3.5

Amplified 4V p-p sine wave

RC Series Circuit
A resistorcapacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit. RC circuits can be used to filter a signal by blocking certain frequencies and passing others. The two most common RC filters are the high-pass filters and low; band-pass filters and band-stop filters usually require RLC filters, though crude ones can be made with RC filters.

Uses:
Reservoir capacitors are used in power supplies where they smooth the output of a full or half wave rectifier. ii). They can also be used in charge pump circuits as the energy storage element in the generation of higher voltages than the input voltage. iii). The capacitors act as a local reserve for the DC power source, and bypass AC currents from the power supply. iv). This is used in car audio applications, when a stiffening capacitor compensates for the inductance and resistance of the leads to the lead-acid car battery. i).

Advantage:
More output voltage & less Ripple output. It can be used for those applications where less ripple voltage required.

Circuit Diagram

Fig: 3.3

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Procedure
1. 2. 3. 4.

Set the signal generator to square wave. Join the circuit as shown in fig: 3.3 and couple it with the CRO. Set the amplitude knob and DC offset. Set frequency 1MHz from range panel and rotate the frequency dial to 1.0. Now the function which is generated by signal generator is of 1MHz frequency. 5. Check the voltage wave form across the capacitor in RC series circuit.

Calculation:

T=RC R=4.7 K ohm T= (4.7) (1000) (0.1) (10-6) T=0.47ms

(C=0.1 micro farad)

Result

Output waveform:

Comments:

Output wave

i). It is a simple experiment to make output voltage smooth. ii). It tells us about the characteristic of RC circuit. iii). It is quite helpful in many applications where less ripple voltage required.

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