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Power Supply Unit Block Diagram: +5 Volts +5V Regulator LPF

This document provides a block diagram and explanation of a basic power supply unit. It consists of the following main components: 1) A step-down transformer that converts the 120V AC input to a lower voltage of 12V AC for further processing. 2) A rectifier unit, using a bridge rectifier circuit of four diodes, that converts the 12V AC to pulsating DC. 3) A filtering unit, using a capacitor, that filters out the ripples in the pulsating DC to produce a smoothed DC voltage. 4) Voltage regulators that maintain a constant output voltage of +5V and +12V despite variations in load or input voltage.

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Nivedithaa Murali
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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61 views

Power Supply Unit Block Diagram: +5 Volts +5V Regulator LPF

This document provides a block diagram and explanation of a basic power supply unit. It consists of the following main components: 1) A step-down transformer that converts the 120V AC input to a lower voltage of 12V AC for further processing. 2) A rectifier unit, using a bridge rectifier circuit of four diodes, that converts the 12V AC to pulsating DC. 3) A filtering unit, using a capacitor, that filters out the ripples in the pulsating DC to produce a smoothed DC voltage. 4) Voltage regulators that maintain a constant output voltage of +5V and +12V despite variations in load or input voltage.

Uploaded by

Nivedithaa Murali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER SUPPLY UNIT BLOCK DIAGRAM : +5V R *.l%to$ B$()* R +t(&( $ Pos(t(, C-%$* C%!

%+(to$ LP1 Pos(t(, Volt%* R *.l%to$ IC /012 N *%t(, Volt%* R *.l%to$ IC /212 +5 Volts

St ! Do"# T$%#s&o$' $

LP1

+12 Volts

N *%t(, C-%$* C%!%+(to$

LP1

-12 Volts

POWER SUPPLY UNIT As we all know any invention of latest technology cannot be activate witho!t the so!"ce of #owe"$ So it this fast %oving wo"l we elibe"ately nee a #"o#e" #owe" so!"ce which will be a#t fo" a #a"tic!la" "e&!i"e%ent$ All the elect"onic co%#onents sta"ting f"o% io e to Intel I'(s only wo"k with a )' s!##ly "anging f"o% *+,v to *+-.$ we a"e !tili/ing fo" the sa%e0 the %ost chea#est an co%%only available ene"gy so!"ce of .12v3,24/ an ste##ing own 0 "ectifying0 filte"ing an "eg!lating the voltage$ This will be ealt b"iefly in the fo"th3co%ing sections$ STEP )OWN TRANS5OR6ER When A' is a##lie to the #"i%a"y win ing of the #owe" t"ansfo"%e" it can eithe" be ste##e own o" !# e#en ing on the val!e of )' nee e $ In o!" ci"c!it the t"ansfo"%e" of .12v7-,323-,v is !se to #e"fo"% the ste# own o#e"ation whe"e a .128 A' a##ea"s as -,8 A' ac"oss the secon a"y win ing $ One alte"ation of in#!t ca!ses the to# of the t"ansfo"%e" to be #ositive an the botto% negative$ The ne9t alte"ation will te%#o"a"ily ca!se the "eve"se$ The c!""ent "ating of the t"ansfo"%e" !se in o!" #"o:ect is .A$ A#a"t f"o% ste##ing own A' voltages 0 it gives isolation between the #owe" so!"ce an #owe" s!##ly ci"c!it"ies$ RE'TI5IER UNIT In the #owe" s!##ly !nit0 "ectification is no"%ally achieve !sing a soli state io e$ )io e has the #"o#e"ty that will let the elect"on flow easily in one i"ection at #"o#e" biasing con ition $ As A' is a##lie to the io e0 elect"ons only flow when the ano e an catho e is negative$ Reve"sing the #ola"ity of voltage will not #e"%it elect"on flow$ A co%%only !se ci"c!it fo" s!##lying la"ge a%o!nts of )' #owe" is the b"i ge "ectifie"$ A b"i ge "ectifie" of fo!" io es ;<=IN<22>? a"e !se to achieve f!ll wave "ectification$ Two io es will con !ct !"ing the negative cycle an the othe" two will con !ct !"ing the #ositive half cycle$ The )' voltage a##ea"ing ac"oss the o!t#!t te"%inals of the b"i ge "ectifie" will be so%ewhat lass than @2A of the a##lie "%s val!e$ No"%ally one alte"ation of the in#!t voltage will "eve"se the #ola"ities$ O##osite en s of the t"ansfo"%e" will the"efo"e always be -B2 eg o!t of #hase with each othe"$ 5o" a #ositive cycle0 two io es a"e connecte to the #ositive voltage at the to# win ing an only one io e con !cts $ At the sa%e ti%e one of the othe" two io es con !cts fo" the negative voltage that is a##lie f"o% the botto% win ing !e to the fo"wa" bias fo" that io e$ In this ci"c!it !e to #ositive half cycle)- C ). will con !ct to give -2$Bv #!lsating )'$ The )' o!t#!t has a "i##le f"e&!ency of -224/$ Since each alte"cation #"o !ces a "es!lting o!t#!t #!lse0 f"e&!ency D .=,2 4/$ The o!t#!t obtaine is not a #!"e )' an the"efo"e filt"ation has to be one$

5ILTERINE UNIT

5ilte" ci"c!its which is !s!ally a ca#acito" acting as a s!"ge a""este" always follow the "ectifie" !nit$ This ca#acito" is also calle as a eco!#ling ca#acito" o" a by#assing ca#acito"0 is !se not only to Fsho"t( the "i##le with f"e&!ency of -.24/ to g"o!n b!t also to leave the f"e&!ency of the )' to a##ea" at the o!t#!t$ A loa "esisto" R- is connecte so that a "efe"ence to the g"o!n is %aintaine $ '-R- is fo" by#assing "i##les$ '.R. is !se as a low #ass filte"0 i$e$ it #asses only low f"e&!ency signals an by#asses high f"e&!ency signals$ The loa "esisto" sho!l be -A to .$,A of the loa $ -222 f7.,v G fo" the "e !ction of "i##les f"o% the #!lsating$ -2 f7.,v O0- f G fo" %aintaining the stability of the voltage at the loa si e$ G fo" by#assing the high f"e&!ency ist!"bances$

8OLTAEE REEULATORS The voltage "eg!lato"s #lay an i%#o"tant "ole in any #owe" s!##ly !nit$ The #"i%a"y #!"#ose of a "eg!lato" is to ai the "ectifie" an filte" ci"c!it in #"ovi ing a constant )' voltage to the evice$ Powe" s!##lies witho!t "eg!lato"s have an inhe"ent #"oble% of changing )' voltage val!es !e to va"iations in the loa o" !e to fl!ct!ations in the A' line" voltage$ With a "eg!lato" connecte to the )' o!t#!t0 the voltage can be %aintaine within a close tole"ant "egion of the esi"e o!t#!t$ I'>B-. an >@-. is !se in this #"o:ect fo" #"ovi ing +-.v an H-.v )' s!##ly$ S#ecifications G Resisto"s R- an R. %aintain line loa "eg!lation$ At the secon a"y si e of the t"ansfo"%e"0 A##lie voltage D -,v 'on !cting "o# ac"oss the io es D .=2$I D -$.v witho!t ca#acito"G 8avg D ;-,3-$.?v D -1$Bc #!lsating )' 5"e&!ency D -224/ With ca#acito"G 8D8avg =-$<-<;fo"%facto"? D -@$,-v

f"e&!ency D o4/ With >B-. voltage "eg!lato" G 82D +-.v With >@-. voltage "eg!lato" G 82D 3-.v

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