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1 Recapitulation - Energetic Stability

1) The document discusses the energetic stability of systems using potential energy calculations. It provides the criteria to determine if a system is stable, unstable or indifferent based on the change in potential energy when disturbed from its basic state. 2) Two examples are analyzed: a beam structure and a spring-supported beam. For the beam structure, Fourier series are used as ansatz functions and the potential energy in the disturbed state is calculated. The equilibrium condition is applied to determine the critical load. 3) For the spring-supported beam, the potential energy due to the spring is included. Power series are used as ansatz functions and a linear system of equations is set up from the boundary conditions to solve for the unknown coefficients

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Andrei Cioroianu
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48 views6 pages

1 Recapitulation - Energetic Stability

1) The document discusses the energetic stability of systems using potential energy calculations. It provides the criteria to determine if a system is stable, unstable or indifferent based on the change in potential energy when disturbed from its basic state. 2) Two examples are analyzed: a beam structure and a spring-supported beam. For the beam structure, Fourier series are used as ansatz functions and the potential energy in the disturbed state is calculated. The equilibrium condition is applied to determine the critical load. 3) For the spring-supported beam, the potential energy due to the spring is included. Power series are used as ansatz functions and a linear system of equations is set up from the boundary conditions to solve for the unknown coefficients

Uploaded by

Andrei Cioroianu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

Seminar Energy Methods, FEM Class of 2013


Topic Energetic Stability 28.11.2013
A c c e s s
1 Recapitulation - energetic stability
energy of basic state

0
=
0,i
+
0,e
energy of neighbouring state

I
=
0
+
0
+
1
2

0
disturbance energy
=
I

0
case dierentiation
a)
2

0
> 0 stable (energy needed to disturb system)
b)
2

0
= 0 indierent (no energy needed)
c)
2

0
< 0 unstable (energy is released)
equilibrium in neighbouring state

I
= 0 =
0
..
0
+
_

0
_
. .
0
+
_
1
2

0
_
(with (.) as specic variation of basic state which leads to equilibrium)
criteria for branching of equilibrium state

I
= 0 =
_

0
_
2 Example 1
x
1
L
2
L
1
x
2
p(x)
P
1 2 3 I (x
1
) = I
0
_
1
2
+
x
1
2L
1
_
I (x
2
) = I
0
_
1
x
2
2L
2
_
E = const.
p (x) = p
0
1
potential energy in neighbouring state (negligence of strains in basic state)

IN
=
1
2
E
L
1
_
0
I (x
1
) v

(x
1
)
2
dx
1
+
1
2
E
L
2
_
0
I (x
2
) v

(x
2
)
2
dx
2

1
2
P
_
_
L
1
_
0
v

(x
1
)
2
dx
1
+
L
2
_
0
v

(x
2
)
2
dx
2
_
_

1
2
p
0

_
_
L
1
_
0
x
1
_
0
v

(x
1
)
2
dx
1
dx
1
+
L
2
_
0
x
2
_
0
v

(x
2
)
2
dx
2
dx
2
_
_
ansatz functions
potential displacement
x
1
v
1
x
2
v
2
(2)
boundary conditions
v (x
1
= 0) = v (x
1
= L
1
) = 0
v (x
2
= 0) = v (x
2
= L
2
) = 0
v

(x
1
= 0) = 0; v

(x
2
= L
2
) = 0
v

(x
1
= L
1
) = v

(x
2
= 0) = (2) = 0
Fourier Series
v
N
(x
1
) = a sin
_
x
1
L
1
_
v

N
(x
1
) = a

L
1
cos
_
x
1
L
1
_
v
N
(x
2
) = b sin
_
x
2
L
2
_
v

N
(x
2
) = b

L
2
cos
_
x
2
L
2
_
v

N
(x
1
= L
1
) = v

N
(x
2
= 0)
a

L
1
= b

L
2
b =
L
2
L
1
a
v

N
(x
1
) = a

2
L
2
1
sin
_
x
1
L
1
_
v

N
(x
2
) = a

L
1
cos
_
x
2
L
2
_
v

N
(x
2
) = a

2
L
1
L
2
sin
_
x
2
L
2
_
alternative : Hermite-polynoms
v
N
(x
1
) = a
_

x
1
L
1
+
_
x
1
L
1
_
2
_
v

N
(x
1
) = a
_

1
L
1
+ 2
x
1
L
2
1
_
v
N
(x
2
) = b
_

x
2
L
2
+
_
x
2
L
2
_
2
_
v

N
(x
2
) = b
_

1
L
2
+ 2
x
2
L
2
2
_
2
insertion into potential

IN
=
1
2
EI
0

4
L
4
1
a
2
L
1
_
0
_
1
2
+
x
1
2L
1
_
sin
2
_
x
1
L
1
_
dx
1
+
1
2
EI
0

4
L
2
1
L
2
2
a
2
L
2
_
0
_
1
x
2
2L
2
_
sin
2
_
x
2
L
2
_
dx
2

1
2
P

2
L
2
1
a
2
_
_
L
1
_
0
cos
2
_
x
1
L
1
_
dx
1
+
L
2
_
0
cos
2
_
x
2
L
2
_
dx
2
_
_

1
2
p
0

2
L
2
1
a
2
_
_
L
1
_
0
x
1
_
0
cos
2
_
x
1
L
1
_
dx
1
dx
1
+
L
2
_
0
x
2
_
0
cos
2
_
x
2
L
2
_
dx
2
dx
2
_
_
integration
L
_
0
sin
2
_
x
L
_
dx =
1
2
x
L
4
sin
_
2
x
L
_

L
0
=
1
2
L
L
_
0
x sin
2
_
x
L
_
dx =
L
_
0
x
1
2
_
1 cos
_
2
x
L
__
dx
=
1
4
x
2

1
2
L
2
4
2
cos
_
2
x
L
_

1
2
L
2
x sin
_
2
x
L
_

L
0
=
1
4
L
2
L
_
0
cos
2
_
x
L
_
dx =
1
2
x +
L
4
sin
_
2
x
L
_

L
0
=
1
2
L
L
_
0
x
_
0
cos
2
_
x
L
_
dxdx =
L
_
0
_
1
2
x +
L
4
sin
_
2
x
L
_
_
dx =
1
4
x
2

L
2
8
2
cos
_
2
x
L
_

L
0
=
1
4
L
2

L
2
8
2
cos (2) +
L
2
8
2
cos (0) =
1
4
L
2
insertion into potential

IN
=
1
2
EI
0

4
L
4
1
a
2
_
1
4
L
1
+
1
2L
1
1
4
L
2
1
_
+
1
2
EI
0

4
L
2
1
L
2
2
a
2
_
1
2
L
2

1
2L
2
1
4
L
2
2
_

1
2
P

2
L
2
1
a
2
_
1
2
L
1
+
1
2
L
2
_

1
2
p
0

2
L
2
1
a
2
_
1
4
L
2
1
+
1
4
L
2
2
_
=
1
2
EI
0

4
L
2
1
a
2
_
3
8L
1
+
3
8L
2
_

1
2

2
L
2
1
a
2
_
1
2
P (L
1
+ L
2
) +
1
4
p
0
_
L
2
1
+ L
2
2
_
_
3
equilibrium condition

IN
a
= 0
=
_
1
2
EI
0

4
L
2
1
_
3
8L
1
+
3
8L
2
_

1
2

2
L
2
1
_
1
2
P (L
1
+ L
2
) +
1
4
p
0
_
L
2
1
+ L
2
2
_
__
2a
= K a
determination of critical load for L
1
= L
2
and P
crit
= f
crit
P and p
crit
= f
crit
p
0
K = 0
=
3
8
EI
0

4
L
3

1
2

2
L
2
_
f
crit
PL +
1
2
f
crit
p
0
L
2
_
f
crit
=
3
4

2
L
2
EI
0
P +
1
2
p
0
L
3 Example 2
L
2
L
1
p(x)
P
1 2 3
x
1
x
2
EI = const.
p (x) = p
0
k = const.
k . . . spring constant/
spring stiness [
N
/m]
spring in general
s
k
F
spring force (Hookes law)
F = k s
potential of internal energy

i
= W
i
=
_
s
0
F ds =
_
s
0
k s ds =
1
2
k s
2
here
v(x
1
=L
1
) = v(x
2
=0) = v
2
additional part of internal potential due to spring

I
(spring) =
1
2
k v (x
1
= L
1
)
2
=
1
2
k v
2
2
boundary conditions for ansatz functions
v (x
1
= 0) = 0 v (x
1
= L
1
) = v (x
2
= 0) = 0 v(x
2
= L
2
) = 0
v

(x
1
= 0) = 0 v

(x
1
= L
1
) = v

(x
2
= 0) = 0 v

(x
2
= L
2
) = 0
4
varieties
k = 0
k
k =
8
k = (EA/L)
truss member
extremum:
min P
crit
v = sin (x)
L
max P
crit
v
1
= sin (x)
v
2
= sin (x)
or
v = sin (x)
ansatz functions for constant EI and L
1
= L
2
=
L
2
and with =
x
L
and
d
dx
=
d
d
d
dx
=
d
d
1
L
L/2 L/2
p(x) = p
0
P
1 2 3
EI = const.
x,
v
boundary conditions
v (0) = v (1) = 0
v
_
1
2
_
= v (node 2) = v
2
v

(0) = 0; v

(1) = 0
v

_
1
2
_
= 0
power series
v
N
() = a
4
+ b
3
+ c
2
+ d + e
v

N
() =
1
L
_
4a
3
+ 3b
2
+ 2c + d
_
linear system of equations
v(0) = 0 0 = e
v (1) = 0 0 = a + b + c + d
v
_
1
2
_
= v
2
v
2
= a
1
16
+ b
1
8
+ c
1
4
+ d
1
2
v

_
1
2
_
= 0 0 = a
1
2
+ b
3
4
+ c + d
parameters
b = 2a
c = 4v
2
+
5
4
a
d = 4v
2

1
4
a
nal ansatz function (2 unknowns: a and v
2
)
v
N
() = a
_

4
2
3
+
5
4

1
4

_
+ v
2

_
4
2
+ 4
_
v
N
(x) = a
_
_
x
L
_
4
2
_
x
L
_
3
+
5
4
_
x
L
_
2

1
4
_
x
L
_
_
+ v
2

_
4
_
x
L
_
2
+ 4
_
x
L
_
_
5
insertion into potential, integration and application of equilibrium condition yields system
of equations in form of

IN
a
= C
11
a + C
12
v
2
= 0

IN
v
2
= C
21
a + C
22
v
2
= 0
with C
11
, . . . , C
22
containing P and p
0
coecient matrix K
_
_
C
11
C
12
C
21
C
22
_
_
. .
K

_
_
a
v
2
_
_
=
_
_
0
0
_
_
a = 0 and v
2
= 0 if det K = 0
det K = C
11
C
22
C
12
C
21
= 0 P
crit
6

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