Earthquake Response Spectrum Analysis of 4 Story Shear Building

[ Shear Building ] [ Modal Analysis ] [ Earthquake Response Spectrum ] [ Modal Spectral Accelerations ] [ Modal Displacements ] [ Floor Displacements ] [ Story Drifts ] [ Inertia Forces ] [ Shear Forces ] [ Overturning Moments ] [ Input and Output Files ] In this example we compute the displacements, shear forces, story drifts, and over-turning moments in a 4 story shear structure subject to moderate earthquake loads. Loads due to ground motions are represented by a scaled earthquake acceleration response spectrum.

SHEAR BUILDING
Figure 1 is a schematic of the 4 story shear building, and its corresponding mass and stiffness matrices.

Figure 1 : Shear Building with Mass and Stiffness Matrices The vertical distance between floors is 3m (see computations on overturning moments below). We assume that all of the building mass is lumped at the floor levels, that the floor beams are rigid, and that the columns are axially rigid. It follows from these assumptions that floor level displacements may be described by one degree-of-freedom alone, with only four degrees of freedom being needed to describe total displacements

throughout the structure. The mass and stiffness matrices are simply given by
m a s s=C o l u m n U n i t s (1 5 0 0 * [1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ; 0 ,2 ,0 ,0 ; 0 ,0 ,2 ,0 ; 0 ,0 ,0 ,3 ] ,[ k g ]) ; s t i f f=C o l u m n U n i t s (8 0 0 * [1 ,1 , 0 , 0 ; 1 , 3 ,2 , 0 ; 0 ,2 , 5 ,3 ; 0 , 0 ,3 , 7 ] ,[ k N / m ]) ;

and generate the matrix ouput we are already familiar with.

MODAL ANALYSIS
Input : The natural periods of vibration and modal shapes are computed are needed by the generalised mass, stiffness, and load vectors, and for the computation of displacements in each mode. The relevant block of ALADDIN code is:
/ *[ c ]:C a l c u l a t en a t u r a lp e r i o d so fv i b r a t i o na n dm o d es h a p e s* / n o _ e i g e n=3 ; e i g e n =E i g e n (s t i f f ,m a s s ,[n o _ e i g e n]) ; e i g e n v a l u e =E i g e n v a l u e (e i g e n) ; e i g e n v e c t o r=E i g e n v e c t o r(e i g e n) ; p e r i o d=C o l u m n U n i t s (M a t r i x ([n o _ e i g e n , 1]) ,[s e c]) ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){ p e r i o d[ i i ] [ 1 ]=2 * P I / s q r t ( e i g e n v a l u e [ i i ] [ 1 ] ) ; } p r i n t" \ n " ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){ p r i n t" M o d e " ,i i ,":w ^ 2=" ,e i g e n v a l u e [ i i ] [ 1 ] ; p r i n t"T=" ,p e r i o d[ i i ] [ 1 ] ," \ n " ; } P r i n t M a t r i x (e i g e n v e c t o r) ;

Ouput : Figure 2 shows the modal shapes and natural periods of vibration for the first three modes of the shear building

Figure 2 : Modal Shapes and Periods of Vibration for Shear Building The textual output is as follows:
* * *S U B S P A C EI T E R A T I O NC O N V E R G E DI N1 0I T E R A T I O N S M o d e M o d e M o d e 1 :w ^ 2= 2 :w ^ 2= 3 :w ^ 2= 1 1 7 . 81 / s e c ^ 2 T= 5 8 6 . 51 / s e c ^ 2 T= 1 1 2 51 / s e c ^ 2 T= 0 . 5 7 8 9s e c 0 . 2 5 9 5s e c 0 . 1 8 7 3s e c

M A T R I X:" e i g e n v e c t o r " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 3 4 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 09 . 0 0 8 6 4 e 0 1 7 . 7 9 1 0 3 e 0 19 . 9 6 2 3 9 e 0 2 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 4 . 9 6 5 5 3 e 0 15 . 3 9 8 9 0 e 0 11 . 6 0 7 8 4 e 0 1 2 . 3 5 0 6 2 e 0 14 . 3 7 6 1 2 e 0 17 . 0 5 7 2 4 e 0 1 1 2 3

EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE SPECTRUM

Input : The block of ALADDIN code:
/ * * [ a ]:S e t u pM a t r i xf o rP i e c e w i s el i n e a ra p p r o x i m a t i o nt oe a r t h q u a k e * a c c e l e r a t i o nS p e c t r a * * C o l u m n1:N a t u r a lP e r i o d( s e c ) * C o l u m n2:S p e c t r a lA c c e l e r a t i o n( a t2 %d a m p i n g ) * /

p r i n t" * * *A C C E L E R A T I O NS P E C T R AF O RM O D A LA N A L Y S I S\ n " ; p r i n t" * * *= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n " ; n p o i n t s=1 8 ; s p e c t r a=M a t r i x ([n p o i n t s,2 ]) ; s p e c t r a=C o l u m n U n i t s (s p e c t r a ,[ s e c ] , [ 1 ] ) ; s p e c t r a=C o l u m n U n i t s (s p e c t r a ,[ c m / s e c ^ 2 ] ,[ 2 ] ) ; s p e c t r a[1 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 0s e c ; s p e c t r a[2 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 1s e c ; s p e c t r a[3 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 2s e c ; s p e c t r a[4 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 3s e c ; s p e c t r a[5 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 4s e c ; s p e c t r a[6 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 5s e c ; s p e c t r a[7 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 6s e c ; s p e c t r a[8 ] [ 1 ]=0 . 8s e c ; s p e c t r a[9 ] [ 1 ]=1 . 0s e c ; s p e c t r a[ 1 0 ] [ 1 ]=1 . 2s e c ; s p e c t r a[1 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 1 5c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[2 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 1 8c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[3 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 2 5c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[4 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 3 8c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[5 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 5 0c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[6 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 5 0c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[7 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 4 0c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[8 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 3 2c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[9 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 2 5c m / s e c / s e c ; s p e c t r a[ 1 0 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 1 9c m / s e c / s e c ;

. . . .d e t a i l so fs p e c t r ar e m o v e d. . . . . s p e c t r a[ 1 8 ] [ 1 ]=3 . 4s e c ; s p e c t r a[ 1 8 ] [ 2 ]=9 8 1 . 0 * 0 . 0 2c m / s e c / s e c ; P r i n t M a t r i x (s p e c t r a) ;

defines a (18x2) matrix, spectra, for the acceleration response spectrum. The earthquake ground motions have a peak ground acceleration of 0.15 g. The acceleration response spectra is represented as piecewise linear segments, whose end-points are defined by a (time, acceleration) coordinate. Output : Figure 3 shows the lower- half of the earthquake acceleration response spectrum that we will use for the analysis.

Figure 3 : Acceleration Response Spectrum The textual counterpart to Figure 3 is:

* * *A C C E L E R A T I O NS P E C T R AF O RM O D A LA N A L Y S I S * * *= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = M A T R I X:" s p e c t r a " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 1 2 s e c m / s e c ^ 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 1 . 4 7 1 5 0 e + 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 e 0 1 1 . 7 6 5 8 0 e + 0 0

. . . . .d e t a i l sr e m o v e d. . . . 1 7 1 8 3 . 2 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 1 . 9 6 2 0 0 e 0 1 3 . 4 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 1 . 9 6 2 0 0 e 0 1

MODAL SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS

Now that we know the systems natural periods, the next step is to compute the spectral accelerations corresponding to each period. The block of ALADDIN code:
/ *[ d ]:F i n dS p e c t r a lA c c e l e r a t i o n sa tM o d a lP e r i o d s* / S p e c t r a l A c c n=C o l u m n U n i t s (M a t r i x ([n o _ e i g e n , 1]) ,[m / s e c ^ 2]) ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){

f o r (i j=1 ;i j<n p o i n t s ;i j=i j+1){ p e r i o d 1=s p e c t r a[ i j ] [ 1 ] ; p e r i o d 2=s p e c t r a[ i j + 1 ] [ 1 ] ; i f ( p e r i o d[ i i ] [ 1 ]> =p e r i o d 1& &p e r i o d[ i i ] [ 1 ]<p e r i o d 2){ d A c c n =s p e c t r a[ i j + 1 ] [ 2 ]-s p e c t r a[ i j ] [ 2 ] ; d P e r i o d=( p e r i o d[ i i ] [ 1 ]-p e r i o d 1 ) / ( p e r i o d 2-p e r i o d 1 ) ; S p e c t r a l A c c n [ i i ] [ 1 ]=s p e c t r a[ i j ] [ 2 ]+d P e r i o d * d A c c n ; } } } P r i n t M a t r i x (S p e c t r a l A c c n) ;

walks along the spectra array, and for each element in the matrix ``period'' (shown above), finds the spectral acceleration corresponding to natural period of the mode. Modal periods that fall between array values are estimated by linear interpolation. Output : Figure 4 shows the acceleration response spectra with the modal periods and corresponding spectral accelerations superimposed.

Figure 4 : Acceleration Response Spectra The textual output from this computation is:
M A T R I X:" S p e c t r a l A c c n " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 m / s e c ^ 2 2 m / s e c ^ 2 3 m / s e c ^ 2 1 4 . 1 3 1 2 2 e + 0 0 3 . 2 1 0 7 0 e + 0 0 2 . 3 6 5 5 0 e + 0 0

A quick comparison of the elements in ``period'' and ``spectra'' should reveal that these spectral accelerations match the computed natural periods.

MODAL DISPLACEMENTS
Input : The displacements in each mode are a function of the generalised mass, stiffness and load, and the spectral displacement (the relevant formulae may be found in standard texts on seismic design/analysis). The block of ALADDIN code:
/ *[ e ]:G e n e r a l i s e dm a s s ,s t i f f n e s s ,a n dl o a d i n gm a t r i c e s* / e i g e n T r a n s=T r a n s( e i g e n v e c t o r ) ; g m a s s =e i g e n T r a n s * m a s s * e i g e n v e c t o r ; g s t i f f =e i g e n T r a n s * s t i f f * e i g e n v e c t o r ; g l o a d=e i g e n T r a n s * m a s s * [1 ;1 ;1 ;1] ; P r i n t M a t r i x (g m a s s ,g s t i f f ,g l o a d) ; / *[ f ]:C o m p u t ea n dp r i n tf l o o rl e v e ld i s p l a c e m e n t s* / Y=C o l u m n U n i t s (M a t r i x ( [ n o _ e i g e n , n o _ e i g e n ] ) ,[m]) ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){ Y[ i i ] [ i i ]=( g l o a d [ i i ] [ 1 ] / g m a s s [ i i ] [ i i ] )* ( S p e c t r a l A c c n [ i i ] [ 1 ] / e i g e n v a l u e [ i i ] [ 1 ] ) ; } m o d a l d i s p l=C o l u m n U n i t s(e i g e n v e c t o r * Y ,[ c m ] ) ; P r i n t M a t r i x (Y,m o d a l d i s p l) ;

computes modaldispl, a (4x3) matrix containing displacements in each mode. Ouput : Figure 5 shows the modal shapes and natural periods of vibration for the first three modes of the shear building

Figure 5 : Modal Displacements for Shear Building The textual output is:
M A T R I X:" g m a s s " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 3 1 2 3 k g k g k g 4 . 3 0 9 3 4 e + 0 3 2 . 8 4 2 1 7 e 1 31 . 1 3 6 8 7 e 1 3 1 . 1 3 6 8 7 e 1 3 3 . 2 6 5 9 9 e + 0 34 . 5 4 7 4 7 e 1 3 2 . 2 7 3 7 4 e 1 32 . 2 7 3 7 4 e 1 3 6 . 5 3 6 1 0 e + 0 3

M A T R I X:" g s t i f f " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 3 1 2 3 N / m N / m N / m 5 . 0 7 6 9 1 e + 0 52 . 1 8 2 7 9 e 1 1 1 . 1 6 4 1 5 e 1 0 1 . 1 6 4 1 5 e 1 0 1 . 9 1 5 3 9 e + 0 61 . 1 6 4 1 5 e 1 0 2 . 3 2 8 3 1 e 1 02 . 3 2 8 3 1 e 1 0 7 . 3 5 2 9 5 e + 0 6

M A T R I X:" g l o a d " r o w / c o l 1 2 3 1 u n i t s k g 6 . 3 8 4 7 5 e + 0 3 k g 2 . 3 8 7 7 9 e + 0 3 k g 2 . 0 0 9 4 1 e + 0 3

M A T R I X:" Y " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 1 2 3 m m m 5 . 1 9 5 4 5 e 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0

2 3

0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 04 . 0 0 2 5 7 e 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 06 . 4 6 4 4 1 e 0 4

M A T R I X:" m o d a l d i s p l " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 c m c m c m 5 . 1 9 5 4 5 e + 0 04 . 0 0 2 5 7 e 0 1 5 . 8 2 3 5 5 e 0 2 4 . 0 4 7 7 9 e + 0 0 3 . 9 8 7 5 2 e 0 26 . 4 6 4 4 1 e 0 2 2 . 5 7 9 8 2 e + 0 0 2 . 1 6 0 9 5 e 0 1 1 . 0 3 9 3 8 e 0 2 1 . 2 2 1 2 5 e + 0 0 1 . 7 5 1 5 7 e 0 1 4 . 5 6 2 0 9 e 0 2

Points to note: As expected, the generalised mass and stiffness matrices, gmass and gstiff, are diagonalized, thereby indicating the eigenvector tranformation has decoupled the equations of motion. Notice how we have put the modal displacements "Y" is a (3x3) matrix, thereby simplifying the subsequent calculations.

FLOOR DISPLACEMENTS
Input : In this section we compute the maximum floor displacements possible by summing the absolute value floor displacements in each mode.
p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" M a x i m u mP o s s i b l eF l o o rD i s p l a c e m e n t s( a b s o l u t ev a l u e s )\ n " ; p r i n t" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n \ n " ; p r i n t" F l o o r M o d e M o d e s M o d e s \ n " ; p r i n t" N o 1 1&2 1 ,2a n d3 \ n " ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =4 ;i i=i i+1){ p r i n t( 5 i i ) ; f o r (i j=1 ;i j< =n o _ e i g e n ;i j=i j+1){ s u m=0 . 0c m ; f o r (i k=1 ;i k< =i j ;i k=i k+1){ s u m=s u m+a b s (m o d a l d i s p l[ i i ] [ i k ]) ; } p r i n ts u m( c m ) ; } p r i n t" \ n " ; }

Ouput : Results are presented for mode 1 alone, modes 1 and 2, and modes 1 to 3.
M a x i m u mP o s s i b l eF l o o rD i s p l a c e m e n t s( a b s o l u t ev a l u e s ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = F l o o r N o 4 3 2 1 M o d e 1 5 . 1 9 5c m 4 . 0 4 8c m 2 . 5 8c m 1 . 2 2 1c m M o d e s 1&2 5 . 5 9 6c m 4 . 0 8 8c m 2 . 7 9 6c m 1 . 3 9 6c m M o d e s 1 ,2a n d3 5 . 6 5 4c m 4 . 1 5 2c m 2 . 8 0 6c m 1 . 4 4 2c m

Clearly, mode 1 makes the greatest contribution to overall floor displacements.

STORY DRIFTS
Input : The story drifts in each mode are defined as the displacement of a floor relative to the floor below it. In the block of ALADDIN code:
/ *[ g ]:C o m p u t ea n dp r i n ts t o r yd r i f t s* / p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" M a x i m u mL i k e l yS t o r yD r i f t s( u s i n gS R S S )\ n " ; p r i n t" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n \ n " ; p r i n t" S t o r y M o d e M o d e s M o d e s \ n " ; p r i n t" N o 1 1&2 1 ,2a n d3 \ n " ; f o r (i i=1 ;i i< =4 ;i i=i i+1){ p r i n t( 5 i i ) ; f o r (i j=1 ;i j< =n o _ e i g e n ;i j=i j+1){ s u m=0 . 0c m ^ 2 ; f o r (i k=1 ;i k< =i j ;i k=i k+1){ i f( i i= =4 )t h e n{ s u m=s u m+m o d a l d i s p l [ 4 ] [ i k ] ^ 2 ; }e l s e{ s u m=s u m+( m o d a l d i s p l[ i i ] [ i k ]-m o d a l d i s p l[ i i + 1 ] [ i k ] ) ^ 2 ; } } p r i n ts q r t ( s u m )( c m ) ; } p r i n t" \ n " ; }

we compute the maximum likely story drift at each floor using mode 1 alone, modes 1 and 2, and modes 1 to 3. Maximum likely story drift is taken as the square root of the sum of story drifts squared. Ouput : The output
M a x i m u mL i k e l yS t o r yD r i f t s( u s i n gS R S S ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = S t o r y N o 4 3 2 1 M o d e 1 1 . 1 4 8c m 1 . 4 6 8c m 1 . 3 5 9c m 1 . 2 2 1c m M o d e s 1&2 1 . 2 2 9c m 1 . 4 7 9c m 1 . 3 5 9c m 1 . 2 3 4c m M o d e s 1 ,2a n d3 1 . 2 3 5c m 1 . 4 8c m 1 . 3 6c m 1 . 2 3 5c m

shows that most of the story drifts occur in modes 1 and 2.

INERTIA FORCES

Input : The inertial forces for each mode are simply given by the product of the stiffness matrix times the modal displacement. The relevant ALADDIN code is:
/ *[ h ]:C o m p u t ea n dp r i n te q u i v a l e n td . o . f .f o r c e si ne a c hm o d e* / p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" I n e r t i aF o r c e sf o re a c hm o d e\ n " ; p r i n t" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n \ n " ; i n e r t i a _ f o r c e s=s t i f f * m o d a l d i s p l ; P r i n t M a t r i x (i n e r t i a _ f o r c e s) ;

Ouput : Figure 6 shows the distribution of inertia forces in each of the first three modes of vibration.

Figure 6 : Distribution of Inertia Forces The textual output is:

I n e r t i aF o r c e sf o re a c hm o d e = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = M A T R I X:" i n e r t i a _ f o r c e s " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 N N N 9 . 1 8 1 2 7 e + 0 33 . 5 2 1 0 6 e + 0 3 9 . 8 3 0 3 7 e + 0 2 1 . 4 3 0 6 3 e + 0 4 7 . 0 1 5 4 6 e + 0 22 . 1 8 3 6 4 e + 0 3 9 . 1 1 7 9 8 e + 0 3 3 . 8 0 2 0 1 e + 0 3 3 . 5 5 1 5 5 e + 0 2 6 . 4 7 4 5 0 e + 0 3 4 . 6 2 2 5 4 e + 0 3 2 . 3 0 5 3 2 e + 0 3

SHEAR FORCES
Input : The base shear forces in each mode are shown in Figure 6, and correspond to the sum of inertial forces over the height of the structure. In the block of ALADDIN code:
/ *[ i ]:C o m p u t ea n dp r i n tb a s es h e a rf o r c e* / p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" S h e a rF o r c e s( a tb a s eo ft h es t r u c t u r e )\ n " ; p r i n t" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n \ n " ; b a s e _ s h e a r _ f o r c e s=[ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ]*i n e r t i a _ f o r c e s ; P r i n t M a t r i x (b a s e _ s h e a r _ f o r c e s) ; s h e a r 1=0 . 0N ^ 2 ;s h e a r 2=0 . 0N ; f o r(i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){ s h e a r 1=s h e a r 1+b a s e _ s h e a r _ f o r c e s [1] [i i] ^ 2 ; s h e a r 2=s h e a r 2+a b s (b a s e _ s h e a r _ f o r c e s [1] [i i]) ; } p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" B a s eS h e a rF o r c e:M a x i m u mL i k e l y =" ,s q r t ( s h e a r 1 ), " \ n " ; p r i n t" :M a x i m u mP o s s i b l e=" ,s h e a r 2 , " \ n " ;

we compute the base shear force for each mode by simply premultiplying the "inertia forces" by a sumation vector [1,1,1,1]. Ouput : The maximum likely and maximum possible base shear force is given by the square root of the sum of shear forces squared, and sum of absolutio shear forces, respectively.
S h e a rF o r c e s( a tb a s eo ft h es t r u c t u r e ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = M A T R I X:" b a s e _ s h e a r _ f o r c e s " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 1 2 3 N N N 3 . 9 0 8 0 0 e + 0 4 5 . 6 0 5 0 4 e + 0 3 1 . 4 5 9 8 7 e + 0 3

B a s eS h e a rF o r c e:M a x i m u mL i k e l y = 3 . 9 5 1 e + 0 4N :M a x i m u mP o s s i b l e= 4 . 6 1 4 e + 0 4N

Here we see that most of the base shear force is due to inertia forces in modes 1 and 2.

OVERTURNING MOMENTS
Input : For each mode, the overturning moment is given by the sum of inertia forces times the vertical distance from the base.

/ *[ j ]:C o m p u t ea n dp r i n to v e r t u r n i n gm o m e n t s* / p r i n t" \ n " ; p r i n t" O v e r t u r n i n gM o m e n t s( a tb a s eo ft h es t r u c t u r e )\ n " ; p r i n t" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\ n \ n " ; f l o o r _ h e i g h t s =[ 1 2m ,9m ,6m ,3m ] ; b a s e _ o v e r t u r n i n g _ m o m e n t s=f l o o r _ h e i g h t s*i n e r t i a _ f o r c e s ; P r i n t M a t r i x (b a s e _ o v e r t u r n i n g _ m o m e n t s) ; m o m 1=0 . 0( N * m ) ^ 2 ;m o m 2=0 . 0N * m ; f o r(i i=1 ;i i< =n o _ e i g e n ;i i=i i+1){ m o m 1=m o m 1+b a s e _ o v e r t u r n i n g _ m o m e n t s [1] [i i] ^ 2 ; m o m 2=m o m 2+a b s (b a s e _ o v e r t u r n i n g _ m o m e n t s [1] [i i]) ; }

Here we assume that the floors are spaced 3 m apart. Ouput : The generated output:
O v e r t u r n i n gM o m e n t s( a tb a s eo ft h es t r u c t u r e ) = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = M A T R I X:" b a s e _ o v e r t u r n i n g _ m o m e n t s " r o w / c o l u n i t s 1 1 2 3 N . m N . m N . m 3 . 1 3 0 6 3 e + 0 5 7 . 4 0 8 8 2 e + 0 2 1 . 1 9 0 5 5 e + 0 3

O v e r t u r n i n gM o m e n t s:M a x i m u mL i k e l y = 3 . 1 3 1 e + 0 5N . m :M a x i m u mP o s s i b l e= 3 . 1 5 e + 0 5N . m

shows the overturning moments for modes 1 through 3, and the maximum likely and maximum possible overturning momemts. Once again, we use the square root of the sum of the squares for likely overturning moments, and the sum of absolute values for maximum possible overturning moments.

INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES

Click here to visit the complete input file. Click here to visit the complete output file.

Developed in June 1996 by Mark Austin Last Modified June 26, 1996 Copyright 1996, Mark Austin, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maryland