The Circulatory System Booklet
The Circulatory System Booklet
The Circulatory System Booklet
circulato
ry system
The Heart
The heart is the pump that pushes the blood around tho body. It is about
the size of a clenched fist and sits in the centre of your chest behind your
rib cage and sternum (the bone that runs down the middle joining the
two sides of your rib cage).
Follow the link below and watch the short video called From the Heart.
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.circulator/
Go to the Portal and open the PowerPoint called The Heart and complete the activities below all
about . the HEART!
Label the parts of the heart that you can see just by looking at the outside of it.
Complete the table below by saying if the vessel carries OXYGENATED or DEOXYGENATED blood and
saying where it carries blood TO and FROM.
Vessel
Vena Cava
(superior and inferior)
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Carries
From
To
Aorta
____________________ valve
____________________ valve
Label the valves on the diagram below. Make sure you mark the valves you need to know!
The valves are held in position by strong tendons. These are called _______________________________.
Label these tendons on the diagram above.
The diagram on the right shows how the various veins and
arteries that extend from the heart connect to the lungs.
Either carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
and then around the body, or carrying deoxygenated away
from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
______________________________ node
______________________________ node
The ____________________ node is a cluster of specialised cardiac cells in the wall of the right
_______________. This pacemaker initiates the heart beat; this means it starts the heart beating.
The ____________________ node is another cluster of specialised cardiac cells. It is found at the base of
the right atrium, just above the right _______________. It is the secondary pacemaker and regulates the
beating o the _______________.
From the right atrium, the blood flows through the _______________ valve and into the right
_______________.
The right ventricle then pumps blood into the _______________ artery. This carries the deoxygenated
blood to the _______________.
At the lungs, the bloods _______________ supply is replenished. The blood is now referred to as
_______________.
Oxygenated blood flows back to the heart via the _______________ veins, entering the left
_______________.
From the left atrium, the blood flows through the _______________ valve and into the left
_______________.
The left ventricle then pumps blood into the _______________. This carries the oxygenated blood to the
rest of the _______________.
inferior
lungs
ventricle
atrium
ventricle
tricuspid
oxygen
aorta
pulmonary
body
Superior
bicuspid
pulmonary
atrium
oxygenated
Use the above information and the animation you just watched to clearly label on the diagram below the path blood takes through the heart.
Make sure you label all of the structures involved eg. left atrium, tricuspid valve etc do this in black
Use blue to label the steps that involve deoxygenated blood and red to label the steps that involve oxygenated blood.
The first one has been done for you.
Deoxygenated blood from your body returns to the
heart via the superior and inferior** vena cavae,
entering the right atrium.
**
Follow-up Questions
Answer the following questions about the flow of blood through the heart, using the website below to
help you you will need to watch the animation and read the text information.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html
1. What is the function of the four valves inside the heart? What are their names?
The left side of the heart pumps blood from the ______________ to the ______________, through the
______________.
3. Blood that is low in oxygen is called:
___________________
___________________
4. What causes the right atrium to contract? What happens when the right atrium does contract? What is
this process called?
5. What causes the tricuspid valve to close? Why does this valve need to close?
7. As deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium causing the right atrium to contract, what is happening in
the left side of the heart?
8. What causes the bicuspid (mitral) valve to close? Why does this valve need to close?
9. What happens during ventricular systole (ventricle contracts) in the left side of the heart?
10. After the blood leaves the ventricles (both right and left) what is happening in the two atria?
11. Your heart beat sounds something like lub dub. What
is the sound of the lub? What is the sound of the dub?
12. Each heartbeat has two basic stages: diastole and systole. What happens during diastole? What
happens during systole?
Heart Dissection
You are going to watch and participate in a dissection of a
mammalian (_____________) heart. Dissections are a very
good way of understanding how organs work. No animal was
treated cruelly in obtaining the heart you will see.
The heart in front of you probably looks a lot different to the
one in the diagram on the right. Draw a pencil sketch of what
your heart looks like, labelling any parts you can identify.
1. The heart may be surrounded by a sac called the
pericardium. This may have been removed. What is the
function of the pericardium?
__________________________________________________
Outside of Heart
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. How do you know which blood vessel is the aorta?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. What is the function of the blood vessels that run over the
surface of the heart?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4. What is the white material around the top of the ventricles?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Your teacher, with assistance from students, will now cut the heart in half, exposing the inside of the heart.
Draw what you see on the following page.
5. How many chambers can you see? __________________. What are they called?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Inside of Heart
If you get confused which is the right side and left side of the heart, label it clearly on your diagram above.
6. There is a notable difference in the thickness between the walls of the atria and the ventricles. Which
are thicker? Why is there this difference?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. There is also a difference in the thickness between the walls of the two ventricles. Why is this so?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why do some blood vessels (the arteries) have thick walls and some (the veins) have thin walls?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9. How do you think the flaps of tissue (the valves) between the atria and ventricles work? Label the valves
on your diagram above.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
10. What do you think is the function of the cords that attach the valve edges to the ventricle walls?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
11. Which way do you think the blood flows through the heart? Show the movement of blood on the
diagram below. Show oxygenated blood in red and deoxygenated blood in blue.
12. Why does the heart pump twice during each beat? What sound does this make?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Heart Transplant
The first human heart transplant was performed in South Africa in 1967, and Australias first heart
transplant took place in Sydney in 1968. On average 70 people receive a heart transplant per year in
Australia. Heart transplant is major surgery and is the last resort for people suffering from chronic heart
diseases and illnesses. Generally the heart transplant should significantly improve the patients life
expectancy and quality of life. Approximate survival values for heart transplantation are 80%, 70% and 55%
at 1, 5 and 10 years respectively.
To be able to perform heart transplants you need to be a fully qualified cardiologist and surgeon,
this means YEARS or University and on-the-job training.
However, you can step into the shows of a heart transplant surgeon by visiting the website below
and perform a simulated heart transplant.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplantwave.html
Blood Vessels
The blood is carried in a series of continuous tubes of different sizes celled blood vessels. They carry the
blood to each organ in the body and take it back to the heart. In each organ blood vessels allow chemicals
to move into and out of cells.
The direction of blood flow is kept up by the pumping of the heart. When the powerful muscles of your
heart contract, they force blood out into tubes called arteries. The arteries branch into tiny little tubes
called capillaries. The capillaries join together to form veins. The veins carry blood back to the heart.
Your task it to create a PowerPoint about the three types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins.
Information to include:
Structure - wall thickness; layers; size of lumen. Include short explanations as to why the blood
vessel has this structure, eg. Why are artery walls elastic? Why are capillary walls very thin?
Function what is the purpose of each of the blood vessels (eg where do they carry blood?)
Blood - type of blood carried
Special features presence of valves, pulse etc
Major arteries and veins list some of the major arteries and veins inside the human body
(diagram would also be lovely)
You can use your textbook (p. 148) and/or the websites below (or ones you fin d yourself remember to
keep a record of these sites)
http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/vessels/vessels.html
http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/Topics/Blood_Vessels.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/22016/circ/index.html
http://www.health-massagers.co.uk/gbu0-display/art.html
Diagrams, pictures and illustrations are highly recommended! But only if they help enhance your written
information and help you to understand what it is you are writing/reading.
** You will need to be able to identify diagrams of the different blood vessels.
Bonus Questions
Answer these questions on a slide at the end of your PowerPoint.
1. What are arterioles and venules?
2. When you go to the doctor you sometimes have your blood pressure checked. What is the instrument
called used to read blood pressure? Which artery is used to measure your blood pressure? Why are
arteries involved in measuring blood pressure and not veins?
3. Find out about blood vessel transplants.
Blood
Who needs blood? We do. Without blood, our bodies would stop
working. Blood is our bodys liquid messenger. Even though you cannot
see it, blood is everywhere in your body. It tastes salty, like tears.
Bloods job is to carry oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body,
and carry carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs,
kidneys and liver to get rid of. It fights against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy.
There is no substitute for blood.
Read the section titled BLOOD on pages 149-150 of your Science Aspects 2 textbook.
Complete the table about the components of blood on the back of this page.
The website below will be useful:
http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/blood.html
When you have finished your table, read the article called KEEPING US WORKING, and answer the
questions below. The article may also be useful in adding to your table.
1. Where are blood cells made? Give two examples of places in your body where they are made? What is
the name of the parent cell that all blood cells develop from?
2. Why does blood sometimes appear to be red and at other times it is blue? What is haemoglobin and
what role does it play in the colour of blood?
3. The brain receives 15%-20% of the bodys blood supply. Why is this so important?
The average person has
about 5 litres of blood
moving through their
circulatory system.
Function
(what is their job?)
Numbers
(how many?)
Life cycle
(where are they made? how
long do they live for?)
Platelets
Plasma
BLOOD TYPES
The Australian Federal Government has declared 2009 as the Year of the Blood Donor.
Blood donations are extremely important as this blood can be used to save lives
following a traumatic accident where lots of blood is lost, during surgery and to help
with the treatment of cancers and other illnesses.
Everybodys blood is not the same. There are different types or groups of blood. These types/groups
determine who can use your blood if you chose to donate and whose blood you can use if you are in need
of a blood transfusion.
Read the section titled BLOOD GROUPINS on page 150 of your Science Aspects 2 textbook. Then visit the
Red Cross Website below and answer the following questions:
http://www.donateblood.com.au/page.aspx?IDDataTreeMenu=42&parent=30
1. There are four main blood types A, B, O and AB. Fill in the table below.
A
% of Australians
with this blood
type
How in demand is
this blood type?
__________
__________
3. Find out what the + and (Rhesus Factor) means. How was it discovered?
AB
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Questions:
The diagram above shows the passage of blood through the body of a human. Use it and the information
you learned from the PowerPoint to answer the following questions.
1. Consider a red blood cell at position X. List the structures (in order) that it will pass through before it
returns to X.
2. How many times did it pass through the heart before it returned to its original position?
3. Does blood pass first into the atrium or ventricle of the heart?
4. You observed from your dissection that the wall of the left ventricle was much thicker than that of the
right ventricle. Explain why.
5. The tubes which carry blood to the body organs are called _______________ ______________.
Those which carry blood back from the organs to the heart are called _______________. In the organs the
arteries branch to form _______________ .
6. Deoxygenated blood contains much carbon dioxide and little oxygen. Oxygenated blood contains
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Revision