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    Ea 40 Lineweaver Supmat

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    This document summarizes energy currencies and energy yielding reactions that are important to life. It includes a table showing the free energies of early terrestrial energy reactions like pyrite formation, sulfur reduction, and acetogenesis. The table also lists the organisms that use these reactions and the transmembrane potentials and ATP yields. A second table lists estimates over time of the fraction of stars with planets from various astronomical studies, depending on detection method and orbital and mass limits.

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    Ea 40 Lineweaver Supmat

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    50_BMG
    35 views4 pages
    This document summarizes energy currencies and energy yielding reactions that are important to life. It includes a table showing the free energies of early terrestrial energy reactions like pyrite formation, sulfur reduction, and acetogenesis. The table also lists the organisms that use these reactions and the transmembrane potentials and ATP yields. A second table lists estimates over time of the fraction of stars with planets from various astronomical studies, depending on detection method and orbital and mass limits.

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    This document summarizes energy currencies and energy yielding reactions that are important to life. It includes a table showing the free energies of early terrestrial energy reactions like pyrite formation, sulfur reduction, and acetogenesis. The table also lists the organisms that use these reactions and the transmembrane potentials and ATP yields. A second table lists estimates over time of the fraction of stars with planets from various astronomical studies, depending on detection method and orbital and mass limits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views4 pages

    Ea 40 Lineweaver Supmat

    Uploaded by

    50_BMG
    This document summarizes energy currencies and energy yielding reactions that are important to life. It includes a table showing the free energies of early terrestrial energy reactions like pyrite formation, sulfur reduction, and acetogenesis. The table also lists the organisms that use these reactions and the transmembrane potentials and ATP yields. A second table lists estimates over time of the fraction of stars with planets from various astronomical studies, depending on detection method and orbital and mass limits.

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    Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 2012. 40: 597-623 doi: 10.

    1146/annurev-earth-042711-105531 The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Limits on Planet Habitability Lineweaver and Chopra

    Supplemental Table 1. Energy currencies and energy yielding reactions of life. Free energies (G) of redox chemistry of some of the earliest terrestrial energy yielding reactions plotted in Fig. 7 (Amend & Shock 2001, Martin et al. 2008, Chang 2005, Nicholls & Ferguson 1992). Oxic respiration of glucose is included for comparison. Energy currency Trans-membrane potential ATP NADH Energy yielding reaction FeS(s) + H2S(g) FeS2(s)+ H2(g) pyrite formation S(s) + H2(aq) H2S(aq) sulphur reduction 4H2(aq) + 2CO2(aq) CH3COOH(aq) +2H2O(l) acetogenesis CO2(aq) + 4H2(aq) CH4(aq) + 2H2O(l) methanogenesis H2(aq) + 0.5CO2 (aq) H2O(l) aquagenesis C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O oxic respiration 40 45 Iron-sulphur world Wchtershuser 1998 Sulfurospirillum, Pyrodictium occultum, Thermococuss spp. Acetogenium kivui, Acetobacterium spp., Clostridium thermoaceticum Methanococcus, Methanobacterium Aquifex aeolicus Many bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes including Homo sapiens G (kJ/mol) ~ 12 - 20 ~ 30 - 50 ~ 210 - 220 example all organisms all organisms all organisms

    100

    130 250

    2870

    Amend JP, Shock EL. 2001. Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and bacteria. FEMS microbiology reviews 25: 175-243. Chang R. 2005. Chemiosmotic theory of Oxidative Phosphorylation. Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences. 252-254.ISBN: 9781891389337 Martin W, Baross J, Kelley D, Russell MJ. 2008. Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nature Reviews Microbiology 6, 805-814 Nicholls DG, Ferguson SJ. 1992 Bioenergetics 2, London:Academic Press

    Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 2012. 40: 597-623 doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105531 The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Limits on Planet Habitability Lineweaver and Chopra

    Wchtershuser G. 1998. The case for a hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic origin of life in an ironsulfur world. In Thermophiles: the keys to molecular evolution and the origin of life (ed. J. Wiegel & M. W. W. Adams), pp. 4757. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.

    Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 2012. 40: 597-623 doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105531 The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Limits on Planet Habitability Lineweaver and Chopra

    Supplemental Table 2. Lower limits to the fraction of stars with planets. Date 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Reference Marcy & Butler Cumming et al Marcy & Butler Tabachnik & Tremaine Lineweaver & Grether Marcy et. al. Cumming et. al. Lovis et al. Howard et al. Howard et al. Mayor et al. % 6 8 5 4 25 12 19 30 23 48 75 Mass Range [MJUP] Orbital limits Mmin Mmax a < [AU] 0.5 0.57 0.5 1 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.0015 0.003 0.003 7 11 8 10 13 13 13 0.1 0.0063 13 13 2 5 3 4.6 6.1 20 20 P < 50 days P < 50 days 0.26 P<10 yrs Detection Technique RV RV RV RV RV RV RV RV RV Transits RV + Transits

    Cumming A, Marcy GW, Butler RP. 1999. The Lick Planet Search: Detectability and mass thresholds. Astrophys. J 526, 890 Cumming A, Butler RP, Marcy GW, Vogt SS, Wright JT, Fischer DA. 2008. The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the minimum mass and orbital period distribution of extrasolar planets. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 120, 531 Howard AW, Marcy GW, Johnson JA, Fischer DA, Wright JT. et al. 2010. The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths Neptunes and Jupiters. Science 330, 653-655 Howard AW, Marcy GW, Bryson ST, Jenkins JM, Rowe JF, et al. 2011. Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-Type Stars from Kepler, ApJ submitted, arXiv:1103.2541v1 Lineweaver CH, Grether D. 2003. What fraction of Sun-like stars have planets? Astrophysical Journal 598, 1350 Lovis C, Mayor M, Bouchy F, Pepe F, Queloz D, Udry S, Benz W, Mordasini C. 2009. Towards the characterization of the hot Neptun/super-Earth population around nearby bright stars. in Transiting Planets, Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 253. F. Pont, D. Sasselov & M. Holman eds. Marcy GW, Butler RP. 1998. Detection of Extrasolar Giant Planets. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 36:57-97 Marcy GW, Butler RP. 2000. Planets Orbiting Other Stars. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 112, 137. Marcy GW, Butler RP, Fischer D, Vogt S, Wright JT, Tinney CG, Jones HR. 2005. Observed Properties of Exoplanets: Masses, Orbits and Metallicities. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supp. 158

    Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 2012. 40: 597-623 doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105531 The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Limits on Planet Habitability Lineweaver and Chopra

    Mayor M, Marmier M, Lovis C, Udry S, Segransan D, Pepe F, et al. 2011. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets. Astron & Astrophysics submitted, arXiv:1109.2497v1 Tabachnik S, Tremaine S. 2002. Maximum-likelihood method for estimating the mass and period distributions of extrasolar planets. MNRAS. 335, 151-158

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