Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

The following are some of useful verilog examples.

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Verilog code for flip-flop with a positive-edge clock Verilog code for a flip-flop with a negative-edge clock and asynchronous clear Verilog code for the flip-flop with a positive-edge clock and synchronous set Verilog code for the flip-flop with a positive-edge clock and clock enable Verilog code for a 4-bit register with a positive-edge clock, asynchronous set and clock enable Verilog code for a latch with a positive gate

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Verilog code for a latch with a positive gate and an asynchronous clear. Verilog code for a 4-bit latch with an inverted gate and an asynchronous preset. Verilog code for a tristate element using a combinatorial process and always block. Verilog code for a tristate element using a concurrent assignment. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with asynchronous clear. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned down counter with synchronous set. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with an asynchronous load from the primary input. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with a synchronous load with a constant. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with an asynchronous clear and a clock enable. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up/down counter with an asynchronous clear. Verilog code for a 4-bit signed up counter with an asynchronous reset. Verilog code for a 4-bit signed up counter with an asynchronous reset and a modulo maximum. Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up accumulator with an asynchronous clear. Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, serial in and serial out. Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a negative-edge clock, a clock enable, a serial in and a serial out. Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, asynchronous clear, serial in and

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

serial out. Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, a synchronous set, a serial in and a serial out. Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, a serial in and a parallel out 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock,an asynchronous parallel load, a serial in and a serial out Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive clock,a synchronous parallel load,a serial in and a serial out Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left/shift-right register with a positive-edge clock, a serial in and a serial out Verilog code for a 4-to-1 1-bit MUX using an If statement. Verilog Code for a 4-to-1 1-bit MUX using a Case statement. Verilog code for a 3-to-1 1-bit MUX with a 1-bit latch. Verilog code for a 1-of-8 decoder Verilog code leads to the inference of a 1-of-8 decoder Verilog code for a 3-bit 1-of-9 Priority Encoder Verilog code for a logical shifter Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry in Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry out Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry in and carry out Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder/subtractor Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit greater or equal comparator Verilog code for an unsigned 8x4-bit multiplier Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as single registers Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed inside the always block and the pipeline stages are represented as single registers Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as single registers Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed inside the always block and the pipeline stages are represented as single registers Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as shift registers Use templates to implement Multiplier Adder with 2 Register Levels on Multiplier Inputs in Verilog Verilog code for resource sharing

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

single-port RAM in read-first mode single-port RAM in write-first mode single-port RAM in no-change mode single-port RAM with asynchronous read single-port RAM with "false" synchronous read single-port RAM with synchronous read (read through) Verilog code for a single-port block RAM with enable Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with asynchronous read Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with false synchronous read Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with synchronous read (read through) Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with enable on each port Verilog code for a ROM with registered output Verilog code for a ROM with registered address Verilog code for an FSM with a single process Verilog code for an FSM with two processes Verilog code for an FSM with three processes Top

Following is the Verilog code for flip-flop with a positive-edge clock.

module input output reg flop (clk, d, q); clk, d; q; q;

always @(posedge clk) begin q <= d; end endmodule

Following is Verilog code for a flip-flop with a negative-edge clock and asynchronous clear.
module flop (clk, d, clr, q); input clk, d, clr; output q; reg q; always @(negedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) q <= 1b0; else q <= d; end endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is Verilog code for the flip-flop with a positive-edge clock and synchronous set.
module flop (clk, d, s, q); input clk, d, s; output q; reg q; always @(posedge clk) begin if (s) q <= 1b1; else q <= d; end endmodule

Following is Verilog code for the flip-flop with a positive-edge clock and clock enable.
module flop (clk, d, ce, q); input clk, d, ce; output q; reg q; always @(posedge clk) begin if (ce) q <= d; end endmodule

Following is Verilog code for a 4-bit register with a positive-edge clock, asynchronous set and clock enable.
module flop (clk, d, ce, pre, q); input clk, ce, pre; input [3:0] d; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] q; always @(posedge clk or posedge pre) begin if (pre) q <= 4b1111; else if (ce) q <= d; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a latch with a positive gate.

module latch (g, d, q); input g, d; output q; reg q; always @(g or d) begin if (g) q <= d; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a latch with a positive gate and an asynchronous clear.
module input output reg latch (g, d, clr, q); g, d, clr; q; q;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

always @(g or d or clr) begin if (clr) q <= 1b0; else if (g) q <= d; end endmodule

Following is Verilog code for a 4-bit latch with an inverted gate and an asynchronous preset.
module latch (g, d, pre, q); input g, pre; input [3:0] d; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] q; always @(g or d or pre) begin if (pre) q <= 4b1111; else if (~g) q <= d; end endmodule

Following is Verilog code for a tristate element using a combinatorial process and always block.
module three_st (t, i, o); input t, i; output o; reg o; always @(t or i) begin if (~t) o = i; else o = 1bZ; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a tristate element using a concurrent assignment.
module three_st (t, i, o); input t, i; output o; assign o = (~t) ? i: 1bZ; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with asynchronous clear.
module counter (clk, clr, q); input clk, clr; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 4b0000; else tmp <= tmp + 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned down counter with synchronous set.
module counter (clk, s, q); input clk, s; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin if (s) tmp <= 4b1111; else tmp <= tmp - 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with an asynchronous load from the primary input.
module counter (clk, load, d, q); input clk, load; input [3:0] d; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge load) begin if (load) tmp <= d; else tmp <= tmp + 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with a synchronous load with a constant.
module counter (clk, sload, q); input clk, sload; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin if (sload) tmp <= 4b1010; else tmp <= tmp + 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up counter with an asynchronous clear and a clock enable.
module counter (clk, clr, ce, q); input clk, clr, ce; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 4b0000; else if (ce) tmp <= tmp + 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up/down counter with an asynchronous clear.
module counter (clk, clr, up_down, q); input clk, clr, up_down; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 4b0000; else if (up_down) tmp <= tmp + 1b1; else tmp <= tmp - 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit signed up counter with an asynchronous reset.
module counter (clk, clr, q); input clk, clr; output signed [3:0] q; reg signed [3:0] tmp; always @ (posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 4b0000; else tmp <= tmp + 1b1; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit signed up counter with an asynchronous reset and a modulo maximum.
module counter (clk, clr, q); parameter MAX_SQRT = 4, MAX = (MAX_SQRT*MAX_SQRT); input clk, clr; output [MAX_SQRT-1:0] q; reg [MAX_SQRT-1:0] cnt; always @ (posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) cnt <= 0; else cnt <= (cnt + 1) %MAX; end assign q = cnt; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-bit unsigned up accumulator with an asynchronous clear.
module accum (clk, clr, d, q); input clk, clr; input [3:0] d; output [3:0] q; reg [3:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 4b0000; else tmp <= tmp + d; end assign q = tmp; endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, serial in and serial out.
module shift (clk, si, so); input clk,si; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin tmp <= tmp << 1; tmp[0] <= si; end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a negative-edge clock, a clock enable, a serial in and a serial out.
module shift (clk, ce, si, so); input clk, si, ce; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(negedge clk) begin if (ce) begin tmp <= tmp << 1; tmp[0] <= si; end end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, asynchronous clear, serial in and serial out.
module shift (clk, clr, si, so); input clk, si, clr; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge clr) begin if (clr) tmp <= 8b00000000; else tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, a synchronous set, a serial in and a serial out.
module shift (clk, s, si, so); input clk, si, s; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin if (s) tmp <= 8b11111111; else tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, a serial in and a parallel out.
module shift (clk, si, po); input clk, si; output [7:0] po; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; end assign po = tmp; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, an asynchronous parallel load, a serial in and a serial out.
module shift (clk, load, si, d, so); input clk, si, load; input [7:0] d; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk or posedge load) begin if (load) tmp <= d; else tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left register with a positive-edge clock, a synchronous parallel load, a serial in and a serial out.
module shift (clk, sload, si, d, so); input clk, si, sload; input [7:0] d; output so; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin if (sload) tmp <= d; else tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; end assign so = tmp[7]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an 8-bit shift-left/shift-right register with a positive-edge clock, a serial in and a serial out.
module shift (clk, si, left_right, po); input clk, si, left_right; output po; reg [7:0] tmp; always @(posedge clk) begin if (left_right == 1b0) tmp <= {tmp[6:0], si}; else tmp <= {si, tmp[7:1]}; end assign po = tmp; endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for a 4-to-1 1-bit MUX using an If statement.
module mux (a, b, c, d, s, o); input a,b,c,d; input [1:0] s; output o; reg o; always @(a or b or c or d or s) begin if (s == 2b00) o = a; else if (s == 2b01) o = b; else if (s == 2b10) o = c; else o = d; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog Code for a 4-to-1 1-bit MUX using a Case statement.
module mux (a, b, c, d, s, o); input a, b, c, d; input [1:0] s; output o; reg o; always @(a or b or c or d or s) begin case (s) 2b00 : o = a; 2b01 : o = b; 2b10 : o = c; default : o = d; endcase end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 3-to-1 1-bit MUX with a 1-bit latch.
module mux (a, b, c, d, s, o); input a, b, c, d; input [1:0] s; output o; reg o; always @(a or b or c or d or s) begin if (s == 2b00) o = a; else if (s == 2b01) o = b; else if (s == 2b10) o = c; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 1-of-8 decoder.

module mux (sel, res); input [2:0] sel; output [7:0] res; reg [7:0] res; always @(sel or res) begin case (sel) 3b000 : res = 8b00000001; 3b001 : res = 8b00000010; 3b010 : res = 8b00000100; 3b011 : res = 8b00001000;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

3b100 3b101 3b110 default endcase end endmodule

: : : :

res res res res

= = = =

8b00010000; 8b00100000; 8b01000000; 8b10000000;

Following Verilog code leads to the inference of a 1-of-8 decoder.

module mux (sel, res); input [2:0] sel; output [7:0] res; reg [7:0] res; always @(sel or res) begin case (sel) 3b000 : res = 8b00000001; 3b001 : res = 8b00000010; 3b010 : res = 8b00000100; 3b011 : res = 8b00001000; 3b100 : res = 8b00010000; 3b101 : res = 8b00100000; // 110 and 111 selector values are unused default : res = 8bxxxxxxxx; endcase end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a 3-bit 1-of-9 Priority Encoder.

module priority (sel, code); input [7:0] sel; output [2:0] code; reg [2:0] code; always @(sel) begin if (sel[0]) code = 3b000; else if (sel[1]) code = 3b001; else if (sel[2]) code = 3b010; else if (sel[3]) code = 3b011; else if (sel[4]) code = 3b100; else if (sel[5]) code = 3b101; else if (sel[6]) code = 3b110; else if (sel[7]) code = 3b111; else code = 3bxxx; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a logical shifter.

module lshift (di, sel, so); input [7:0] di; input [1:0] sel; output [7:0] so; reg [7:0] so; always @(di or sel) begin case (sel) 2b00 : so = di; 2b01 : so = di << 1; 2b10 : so = di << 2; default : so = di << 3; endcase

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry in.
module input input input output adder(a, b, ci, sum); [7:0] a; [7:0] b; ci; [7:0] sum;

assign sum = a + b + ci; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry out.
module input input output output wire adder(a, b, sum, co); [7:0] a; [7:0] b; [7:0] sum; co; [8:0] tmp;

assign tmp = a + b; assign sum = tmp [7:0]; assign co = tmp [8]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder with carry in and carry out.
module input input input output output wire adder(a, b, ci, sum, co); ci; [7:0] a; [7:0] b; [7:0] sum; co; [8:0] tmp;

assign tmp = a + b + ci; assign sum = tmp [7:0]; assign co = tmp [8]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit adder/subtractor.

module addsub(a, b, oper, res); input oper; input [7:0] a; input [7:0] b; output [7:0] res; reg [7:0] res; always @(a or b or oper) begin if (oper == 1b0) res = a + b; else res = a - b; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8-bit greater or equal comparator.
module compar(a, b, cmp); input [7:0] a;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

input [7:0] b; output cmp; assign cmp = (a >= b) ? endmodule 1b1 : 1b0;

Following is the Verilog code for an unsigned 8x4-bit multiplier.

module input input output compar(a, b, res); [7:0] a; [3:0] b; [11:0] res;

assign res = a * b; endmodule

Following Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as single registers.
module input input input output reg reg wire reg mult(clk, a, b, mult); clk; [17:0] a; [17:0] b; [35:0] mult; [35:0] mult; [17:0] a_in, b_in; [35:0] mult_res; [35:0] pipe_1, pipe_2, pipe_3;

assign mult_res = a_in * b_in; always @(posedge clk) begin a_in <= a; b_in <= b; pipe_1 <= mult_res; pipe_2 <= pipe_1; pipe_3 <= pipe_2; mult <= pipe_3; end endmodule

Following Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed inside the always block and the pipeline stages are represented as single registers.
module mult(clk, a, b, mult); input clk; input [17:0] a; input [17:0] b; output [35:0] mult; reg [35:0] mult; reg [17:0] a_in, b_in; reg [35:0] mult_res; reg [35:0] pipe_2, pipe_3; always @(posedge clk) begin a_in <= a; b_in <= b; mult_res <= a_in * b_in; pipe_2 <= mult_res; pipe_3 <= pipe_2; mult <= pipe_3; end endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as single registers.
module input input input output reg reg wire reg mult(clk, a, b, mult); clk; [17:0] a; [17:0] b; [35:0] mult; [35:0] mult; [17:0] a_in, b_in; [35:0] mult_res; [35:0] pipe_1, pipe_2, pipe_3;

assign mult_res = a_in * b_in; always @(posedge clk) begin a_in <= a; b_in <= b; pipe_1 <= mult_res; pipe_2 <= pipe_1; pipe_3 <= pipe_2; mult <= pipe_3; end endmodule

Following Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed inside the always block and the pipeline stages are represented as single registers.
module mult(clk, a, b, mult); input clk; input [17:0] a; input [17:0] b; output [35:0] mult; reg [35:0] mult; reg [17:0] a_in, b_in; reg [35:0] mult_res; reg [35:0] pipe_2, pipe_3; always @(posedge clk) begin a_in <= a; b_in <= b; mult_res <= a_in * b_in; pipe_2 <= mult_res; pipe_3 <= pipe_2; mult <= pipe_3; end endmodule

Following Verilog template shows the multiplication operation placed outside the always block and the pipeline stages represented as shift registers.
module input input input output reg reg wire reg mult3(clk, a, b, mult); clk; [17:0] a; [17:0] b; [35:0] mult; [35:0] mult; [17:0] a_in, b_in; [35:0] mult_res; [35:0] pipe_regs [3:0];

assign mult_res = a_in * b_in; always @(posedge clk) begin a_in <= a; b_in <= b; {pipe_regs[3],pipe_regs[2],pipe_regs[1],pipe_regs[0]} <= {mult, pipe_regs[3],pipe_regs[2],pipe_regs[1]}; end endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following templates to implement Multiplier Adder with 2 Register Levels on Multiplier Inputs in Verilog.
module mvl_multaddsub1(clk, a, b, c, res); input clk; input [07:0] a; input [07:0] b; input [07:0] c; output [15:0] res; reg [07:0] a_reg1, a_reg2, b_reg1, b_reg2; wire [15:0] multaddsub; always @(posedge clk) begin a_reg1 <= a; a_reg2 <= a_reg1; b_reg1 <= b; b_reg2 <= b_reg1; end assign multaddsub = a_reg2 * b_reg2 + c; assign res = multaddsub; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for resource sharing.

module addsub(a, b, c, oper, res); input oper; input [7:0] a; input [7:0] b; input [7:0] c; output [7:0] res; reg [7:0] res; always @(a or b or c or oper) begin if (oper == 1b0) res = a + b; else res = a - c; end endmodule

Following templates show a single-port RAM in read-first mode.

module raminfr (clk, en, we, addr, di, do); input clk; input we; input en; input [4:0] addr; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] RAM [31:0]; reg [3:0] do; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) begin if (we) RAM[addr] <= di; do <= RAM[addr]; end end endmodule

Following templates show a single-port RAM in write-first mode.

module raminfr (clk, we, en, addr, di, do); input clk; input we; input en; input [4:0] addr; input [3:0] di;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] RAM [31:0]; reg [4:0] read_addr; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) begin if (we) RAM[addr] <= di; read_addr <= addr; end end assign do = RAM[read_addr]; endmodule

Following templates show a single-port RAM in no-change mode.

module raminfr (clk, we, en, addr, di, do); input clk; input we; input en; input [4:0] addr; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] RAM [31:0]; reg [3:0] do; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) begin if (we) RAM[addr] <= di; else do <= RAM[addr]; end end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a single-port RAM with asynchronous read.
module raminfr (clk, we, a, di, do); input clk; input we; input [4:0] a; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; end assign do = ram[a]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a single-port RAM with "false" synchronous read.
module raminfr (clk, we, a, di, do); input clk; input we; input [4:0] a; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [3:0] do; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; do <= ram[a]; end endmodule

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

Following is the Verilog code for a single-port RAM with synchronous read (read through).
module raminfr (clk, we, a, di, do); input clk; input we; input [4:0] a; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [4:0] read_a; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; read_a <= a; end assign do = ram[read_a]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a single-port block RAM with enable.
module raminfr (clk, en, we, a, di, do); input clk; input en; input we; input [4:0] a; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] do; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [4:0] read_a; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; read_a <= a; end end assign do = ram[read_a]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with asynchronous read.
module raminfr (clk, we, a, dpra, di, spo, dpo); input clk; input we; input [4:0] a; input [4:0] dpra; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] spo; output [3:0] dpo; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; end assign spo = ram[a]; assign dpo = ram[dpra]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with false synchronous read.
module input input input input input raminfr (clk, we, a, dpra, di, spo, dpo); clk; we; [4:0] a; [4:0] dpra; [3:0] di;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

output [3:0] spo; output [3:0] dpo; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [3:0] spo; reg [3:0] dpo; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; spo = ram[a]; dpo = ram[dpra]; end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with synchronous read (read through).
module raminfr (clk, we, a, dpra, di, spo, dpo); input clk; input we; input [4:0] a; input [4:0] dpra; input [3:0] di; output [3:0] spo; output [3:0] dpo; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [4:0] read_a; reg [4:0] read_dpra; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) ram[a] <= di; read_a <= a; read_dpra <= dpra; end assign spo = ram[read_a]; assign dpo = ram[read_dpra]; endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for a dual-port RAM with enable on each port.
module raminfr (clk, ena, enb, wea, addra, addrb, dia, doa, dob); input clk, ena, enb, wea; input [4:0] addra, addrb; input [3:0] dia; output [3:0] doa, dob; reg [3:0] ram [31:0]; reg [4:0] read_addra, read_addrb; always @(posedge clk) begin if (ena) begin if (wea) begin ram[addra] <= dia; end end end always @(posedge clk) begin if (enb) begin read_addrb <= addrb; end end assign doa = ram[read_addra]; assign dob = ram[read_addrb]; endmodule

Following is Verilog code for a ROM with registered output.

module rominfr (clk, en, addr, data); input clk; input en;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

input [4:0] addr; output reg [3:0] data; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) case(addr) 4b0000: data 4b0001: data 4b0010: data 4b0011: data 4b0100: data 4b0101: data 4b0110: data 4b0111: data 4b1000: data 4b1001: data 4b1010: data 4b1011: data 4b1100: data 4b1101: data 4b1110: data 4b1111: data default: data endcase end endmodule

<= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <=

4b0010; 4b0010; 4b1110; 4b0010; 4b0100; 4b1010; 4b1100; 4b0000; 4b1010; 4b0010; 4b1110; 4b0010; 4b0100; 4b1010; 4b1100; 4b0000; 4bXXXX;

Following is Verilog code for a ROM with registered address.

module rominfr (clk, en, addr, data); input clk; input en; input [4:0] addr; output reg [3:0] data; reg [4:0] raddr; always @(posedge clk) begin if (en) raddr <= addr; end always @(raddr) begin if (en) case(raddr) 4b0000: 4b0001: 4b0010: 4b0011: 4b0100: 4b0101: 4b0110: 4b0111: 4b1000: 4b1001: 4b1010: 4b1011: 4b1100: 4b1101: 4b1110: 4b1111: default: endcase end endmodule

data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

4b0010; 4b0010; 4b1110; 4b0010; 4b0100; 4b1010; 4b1100; 4b0000; 4b1010; 4b0010; 4b1110; 4b0010; 4b0100; 4b1010; 4b1100; 4b0000; 4bXXXX;

Following is the Verilog code for an FSM with a single process.

module fsm (clk, reset, x1, outp); input clk, reset, x1; output outp; reg outp; reg [1:0] state; parameter s1 = 2b00; parameter s2 = 2b01; parameter s3 = 2b10; parameter s4 = 2b11; always @(posedge clk or posedge reset)

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

begin if (reset) begin state <= s1; outp <= 1b1; end else begin case (state) s1: begin if (x1 == 1b1) begin state <= s2; outp <= 1b1; end else begin state <= s3; outp <= 1b1; end end s2: begin state <= s4; outp <= 1b0; end s3: begin state <= s4; outp <= 1b0; end s4: begin state <= s1; outp <= 1b1; end endcase end end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an FSM with two processes.

module fsm (clk, reset, x1, outp); input clk, reset, x1; output outp; reg outp; reg [1:0] state; parameter s1 = 2b00; parameter s2 = 2b01; parameter s3 = 2b10; parameter s4 = 2b11; always @(posedge clk or posedge reset) begin if (reset) state <= s1; else begin case (state) s1: if (x1 == 1b1) state <= s2; else state <= s3; s2: state <= s4; s3: state <= s4; s4: state <= s1; endcase end end always @(state) begin case (state) s1: outp = 1b1; s2: outp = 1b1; s3: outp = 1b0; s4: outp = 1b0; endcase end endmodule

Following is the Verilog code for an FSM with three processes.

module fsm (clk, reset, x1, outp); input clk, reset, x1; output outp; reg outp; reg [1:0] state; reg [1:0] next_state;

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Verilog examples useful for FPGA & ASIC Synthesis

parameter s1 = 2b00; parameter s2 = 2b01; parameter s3 = 2b10; parameter s4 = 2b11; always @(posedge clk or posedge reset) begin if (reset) state <= s1; else state <= next_state; end always @(state or x1) begin case (state) s1: if (x1 == 1b1) next_state = s2; else next_state = s3; s2: next_state = s4; s3: next_state = s4; s4: next_state = s1; endcase end

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