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SAT 2 Mathematics Level 1

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Coordinate Geometry

• Distance Formula
• Lines
• Analytical geometry
• Examples
• Practice Questions

Coordinate system :The intersection of the horizontal and the vertical axis define the origin of
the coordinate system and the two axis divides the plane into four quadrants as shown below.
To specify a point in he coordinate system, we first write the x coordinate and then the y
coordinate.

Shifting the axis will shift the origin of the coordinate system
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Distance Formula: Consider two points A and B shown below

AC=y2 – y1
BC=x2- x1
Using Pythagorean theorem,AB2 =BC2 +AC2
AB2 =(x2-x1)2 + (y2-y1)2
Length AB or distance between A and B=   x1− x22 y1− y22
If a point P divides the line segment AB in ratio m:n then coordinates of point P will be given

m x2n x1 m y2n y1
by  , 
mn mn

m n
A(x1,y1) P B (x2,y2)

Example 1: In the rectangle ABCD shown in the figure below, give the length of the diagonal
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AD. Also find the area of the rectangle.

Solution:
We need to find the distance between A(-4,4) and D(0,4).Using distance formula,
AD=  4 20=4

Area of rectangle =Length X Breadth

AB= CD =8 units
AC=BD=4 units.
=> Area of rectangle ABCD = 8 x 4 = 32

You don't need to use distance formula when you can calculate length directly graphically!

Lines
• Equation of line
• Slope of line
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The intercept on y axis i.e. the point where the line meets the y (vertical) axis is called the y-
intercept. Line gives a direct relationship on how the value of y depends on quantity on x axis
and how it changes with changes in x. This dependency relation between y on x is indicated
by the slope of the line for any two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) on the line and is given by :
y2− y1
m=
x2− x1
Analysis:
• For x2 > x1
if y2 < y1 then m is negative (value of y decreases with increasing value of x)
if y2 > y1 then m is positive (value of y increases with increasing value of x)
• For same change in x, a larger change in y is indicated by a larger value of slope.
Graphically it can be noted by observing how fast the value of y is changing.
• Slope of horizontal line =0 (y2-y1=0) and slope of vertical line is not defined (x2-x1=0)
• If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then product of their slopes is -1

Equation of line: y=mx+c where c is the intercept on y axis

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You don need to use distance formula every time.

Let A(x1,y1)B(x2,y2) and C(x3,y3) D(x4,y4) be two lines.

To find whether AB =CD, we really don't need to use distance formula to calculate
AB and CD. For AB to be equal to CD |x1-x2| should be equal to |x3-x4 | and
|y1-y2| should be equal to |y3-y4|.

Example 2)Given a square ABCD, find the value of B(p,q) and C(m,n)
A (3,8) B(p,q)

D (3,4) C (m,n)

Answer )AD =4 units, we can conclude that the length of each side of the square is 4.
Therefore DC=4 and AB=4.
This gives C(m,n)= C(7,4) and B(p,q)=B(7,8)
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Practice Questions
1. The profit growth rate of two companies A and B is shown below, which company
showed faster a growth rate?

2. A 2,2  3

C D

B E F C (4,0)

Given that C and D are mid points of AB and AC respectively. CD CE and CD DF. If
BE= 1 unit and FC= 1 unit, Find the area of CEFD.
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3. In the graph given below, find the area of the region shaded in blue color.

4. For the graph given below, find the area of the shaded region.
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5. Find the area of the shaded region

6.