HEAT TRANSFER SPREADSHEET CALCULATIONS CONDUCTION

4 PDH

,opy write, 1 2eat 3rans)er Spreadsheet ,alculations by 0ohn 4 5ndrew, $! 0une !0$$

Heat travels three ways: 6 Co )$.t!o % by spreading through solids 6 Co ve.t!o is heat trans)er by the +o7e+ent o) heated gasses and li8uids 6 Ra)!at!o % is heat in the )or+ o) radiation and tra7els through space at the speed o) light
Heat always travels from a area of h!"her tem#erat$re to a area of lower tem#erat$re% Heat tra sfer &'( !s the flow rate of heat a ) !s meas$re) ! *atts or +t$,s #er ho$r%

S#rea) Sheet 1etho): ew E4.el vers!o

$ 3ype in 7alues )or the I #$t Data ! Excel will +ake the Cal.$lat!o s

E4.el,s 5OAL SEE/

Excel's, 9Goal Seek9 ad:usts one ;nput 7alue to cause a ,alculated )or+ula cell to e8ual a gi7en 7alue When using Excel's Goal Seek, unprotect the spread sheet by selecting: <rop down +enu: 2o+e = *or+at = >nprotect Sheet = ?@ When Excel's Goal Seek is not needed, restore protection with: <rop down +enu: 2o+e = *or+at = Arotect Sheet = ?@

When using Excel's Goal Seek, unprotect the spread sheet by selecting: Dro# )ow me $: Tools - Prote.t!o - U #rote.t Sheet - O/ When Excel's Goal Seek is not needed, restore protection with: Dro# )ow me $: Tools - Prote.t!o - Prote.t Sheet - O/

UNITS Sym0ol ' ' w / h 2 C# 3 3 L U !ts

Btu/hr Btu/hr Btu Btu/hr%)t%deg * Btu/hr%)t-!%* lb+/)t-! Btu/lb+%deg * lb+ / sec%)t lb+ / sec%)t )t

1$lt!#ly 0y 0 !"#$ # "#E%0& ''( ! $ '#0 . ."./ $/ 0$(. &$(' #/00 $ &(( 0 #0&(

U !ts O0ta! e)
W hp )t%lb) W / +%, W / +-!%, kg / +-# 0/kg%, lb+ / hr%)t kg / sec%+ +

L in L in F lb) w )t%lb) 6 )t-! / sec 2eat trans)er is +easured in )eet and +eter units Use the a0ove $ !ts ta0le from left to r!"ht:
I #$t Data

!. & 0 0!.& & &&(! $ #..( 0 0"!"

++ + B B%+ +-! / s

U !ts 7 1$lt!#ly 0y 7 U !ts O0ta! e) 7

&! 0 0!.& Cal.$lat!o s 8%9:;

Use the a0ove $ !ts ta0le from r!"ht to left:

I #$t Data

U !ts O0ta! e) 7 D!v!)e 0y 7 U !ts 7 Tem#erat$re !s the ! te s!ty of heat: 3C 3C 3C

!! . ."./ Cal.$lat!o s <%=<>

I #$t Data I #$t Data

.! )e" C ? >;<%> <>@%>

I #$t Data

deg , )e" /

3C .0 3 C )e" F ? 4:9 3C @89

I #$t Data

deg * )e" R

3C /! 3 C @A&)e" F B <>(C= 3C 8:%:;

deg * )e" C

3C /0 deg , 3 C &=A)e" CC@( ? <> 3C 849 )e" F

Co )$.t!o E4am#le

2eat source on t$ side, D C 2igh te+perature, t$ C 3her+al conducti7ity, @ C <i+ension in inches, E$ C

I #$t Data $! $00 $$$ & 00

Watts deg , W / +%@ in

<i+ension in inches, E! C 3hickness in inches, F C AreaD A swer: Heat tra sferD Low tem#erat$reD A swer: A7 A7 '7 t> 7 t> 7

& 00 in 0 #'. in Cal.$lat!o &L8AL>(A9%9>@4E> 9%989< mE> /AAA&t8 B t>( C &FA9%9>@4( t8 B &'AF( C &/AA( ==%=9 )e" C

CONDUCTIGITIES H DENSITIES 1ATERIAL Co##erD #$re +rassD ;9 C$D <9 J S!lverD ==%=K #$re D$ral$m! D <B@KC$D tra.e 1" Car0o SteelD 8%9KC +ro LeD ;@ C$D >@ S Sta! less SteelD8I CrD I N! Co .reteD sto eD 8B>B4 m!4 5lassD w! )ow +r!.MD .ommo 0$!l)! " *oo)D f!r *oo)D wh!te #! e 5lass *oolD 8%@ l0CftE< Pro#ert!es at :I )e" F 2 / l0mCftE< +t$ChrBftBF @@= >>< @<> :4 :@; ><@ 8;4 =@ 4I; >@ @48 8@ 4II =%4 9%;= 9%4@ 9%49 9%9:< 9%9:@ 9%9>> / *CmAC <I: 888 49; 8:4 4< >: 8:%< 8%<; 9%;I 9%:= 9%89= 9%88> 9%9<I

Heat Tra sm!ss!o Thro$"h A!r F!lms a ) Sol!)s

,onduction through wall and air )il+s on each side o) the wall *ind the heat trans)er rate D and the inner and outer wall sur)ace te+peratures OGERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT U

The heat flow rateD 'D !s the same thro$"h ea.h layer ! the )!a"ram a0ove%

Thermal Res!sta .es of Layers

Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &t8 B t>( C &Fa C /a( Heat ! te s!ty 7 Thermal res!sta .e for layer aD Ra 7 Thermal res!sta .e for layer oD Ro 7 t8 Bt> Fa C /a 8C ho E8uation $

Overall heat tra sfer rateD ' C A 7 &t8 Bt4( C &Ra ? R0 ? R.( Overall tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD NT7 Overall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD U 7 Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 t8 B t4 8 C &A A O R ( UA&NT(

U%S% U !ts Wall length, E C Wall height, 2 C Wall thickness, F C ;nside con7ecti7e coe))icient, ho C to C t. C 3hickness, Fa C Fb C Fc C 3her+al conducti7ity, @a C 3her+al conducti7ity, @b C 3her+al conducti7ity, @c C ?utside con7ecti7e coe))icient, h. C *all areaD A 7 A7 Thermal Res!sta .es Ro 7 Ro 7 Ra 7 Ra 7 R0 7 R0 7 R. 7 R. 7

I #$t Data #00 00 &( 00 ' 00 ! '0 0 #/ 0 $ 00 & 00 0 '. 0 0/. 0 &00 0 !(0 . (0 Cal.$lat!o LAH C 844 899%99 8 C ho 9%@99 Fa C /a 8%>I>8 F0 C /0 9%I<<< F. C /. 9%>><>

in in in Btu/hr%)t-!%* deg * deg * in in in Btu/hr%)t%* Btu/hr%)t%* Btu/hr%)t%* Btu/hr%)t-!%*

ftE>

R@ 7 8 C h@ R@ 7 9%8;> Overall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e t 8 C U 7 8Cho ? Fa C /a ? F0 C /0 ? F. C /. ? 8Ch@ 8 C U 7 Ro?R8?Ra?R0?R.?R@ 8CU7 <%9889 A swer: U 7 9%<<> NT 7 to B t@ A swer: NT 7 <4 )e" F Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 UA&NT( A swer: ' C A 7 88%>= Heat tra sferD ' 7 UAAA&NT( A swer: ' 7 88>= +t$Chr A swer: ' 7 <<8 *atts S$rfa.e tem#erat$re !s fo$ ) from EP$at!o B8 a0ove: Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &to B t8( C &8 C ho( t8 7 to B &'CA(A&8 C ho( A swer: t8 7 :4%4 )e" F I ter al tem#erat$re follows: Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &t8 B t>( C &Fa C /a( t> 7 t8 B &'CA(A&Fa C /a( A swer: t> 7 4=%= )e" F

Thermal Res!sta .es of Layers B .o t! $e)

Wall length, E C Wall height, 2 C Wall thickness, F C ;nside te+perature, t$ C ?utside te+perature, t& C Wall +aterial conducti7ity, @ C ;nside con7ecti7e coe))icient, ha C ?utside con7ecti7e coe))icient, hc C *all areaD A 7 A7 Ra 7 Ra 7 R0 7 R0 7 R. 7 R. 7 Overall thermal res!sta .eD R 7 OR 7 Overall tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD NT 7 NT 7 Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 'CA7 I #$t Data $! 00 $! 00 0. '0 !0 0 !/# ! 00 $0 00 Cal.$lat!o s LAH C 844 8%99 8 C ha 9%@9 FC/ 8%=9 8 C h. 9%89 Ra ? R0 ? R. >%@9 t8 B t4 @9%9 NT C OR >9%99 in in )t deg * deg * Btu/hr%)t%* Btu/hr%)t-!%* Btu/hr%)t-!%*

ftE>

)e" F

+t$ C hrBftE>

Heat tra sferD ' 7 AANT C OR '7 >9%99 '7 @%I: I ter al tem#erat$res are fo$ ) from EP$at!o B8 a0ove: Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 t> 7 A swer: t> 7 &t8 B t>( C &Ra( t8 B&'CA(A&Ra( :9%99

+t$Chr *atts

)e" F

Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &t< B t4( C &R.( t< 7 t4 ? &'CA(A&R.( A swer: t< 7 >>%99

)e" F

>D HEAT TRANSFER EFCEL,S SOLGER - see 1ATH TOOLS ta0 0elow%
3he steady state energy balance on the interior nodal point B is: 0 C D$%B G D!%B G D#%B G D&%B E C 3hickness into page *inite di))erence e8uations )or each conducti7e )lux: D$%B C @6E6HIJK6H3$ % 3BK / HIFK D!%B C @6E6HIFK6H3! % 3BK / HIJK D#%B C @6E6HIJK6H3# % 3BK / HIFK D&%B C @6E6HIFK6H3& % 3BK / HIJK ;) IF e8uals IJ: 0 C 3$ G3! G 3# G 3& %&63B

Bode $, 0 C &00 G .00 G 3! G 3& % &63$ Bode !, 0 C 3$ G .00 G !00 G 3# % &63! Bode #, 0 C 3& G 3! G !00 G #00 % &63# Bode &, 0 C &00 G 3$ G 3# G #00 % &63&

Bode $, %"00 C 3! G 3& % &63$ Bode !, %'00 C 3$ G 3# % &63! Bode #, %.00 C 3& G 3! % &63# Bode &, %'00 C 3$ G 3# % &63&

No)e 8 No)e > No)e < No)e 4

EP$at!o s %"00 0 %'00 0 %.00 0 %'00 0

Co sta ts %"00 %'00 %.00 %'00

Sol$t!o 3$ C 3! C 3# C 3& C

Col$m E 499 )e" C <@9 )e" C <99 )e" C <@9 )e" C

CLIC/ THE Q1ATH TOOLSQ TA+ +ELO* FOR INFOR1ATION A+OUT QSOLGERQ

No)e 8 No)e > No)e < No)e 4

EP$at!o s 00 00 00 00

Co sta ts %"00 %'00 %.00 %'00

Sol$t!o 3$ C 3! C 3# C 3& C

Col$m E )e" C )e" C )e" C )e" C

Bode Bode Bode Bode Bode Bode Bode Bode

$, !, #, &, ., /, ', (,

0C 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C

&00 G $00 G 3! G 3& % &63$ 3$ G $00 G 3# G 3. % &63! 3! G $00 G $00 G 3/ % &63# &00 G 3$ G 3. G 3' % &63& 3& G 3! G 3/ G 3( % &63. 3. G 3# G $00 G 3" % &63/ &00 G 3& G 3( G !00 % &63' 3' G 3. G 3" G !00 % &63(

Bode ", 0 C 3( G 3/ G $00 G !00 % &63"

Bode $, Bode !, Bode #, Bode &, Bode Bode /, Bode ', Bode (, Bode ",

%.00 C %$00 C %!00 C %&00 C ., 0 C %$00 C %/00 C %!00 C %#00 C

3! G 3& % &63$ 3$ G 3# G 3. % &63! 3! G 3/ % &63# 3$ G 3. G 3' % &63& 3& G 3! G 3/ G 3( % &63. 3. G 3# G 3" % &63/ 3& G 3( % &63' 3' G 3. G 3" % &63( 3( G 3/ % &63" EP$at!o s %.00 0 %$00 0 %!00 0 %&00 0 00 %$00 0 %/00 0 %!00 0 %#00 0 Co sta ts %.00 %$00 %!00 %&00 0 %$00 %/00 %!00 %#00 Sol$t!o 3$ C 3! C 3# C 3& C 3. C 3/ C 3' C 3( C 3" C Col$m E ><@%; )e" C 8::%8 )e" C 8>I%: )e" C >;:%I )e" C >99%9 )e" C 84I%> )e" C >;8%4 )e" C >9I%= )e" C 8:4%< )e" C

Bode $ Bode ! Bode # Bode & Bode . Bode / Bode ' Bode ( Bode "

+OUNDARR CONDITIONS

9 7 &T8 ? T>(C > ? &hANF C M(ATS B &hANF C M ? 8(AT I #$t Data Am0!e t tem#erat$reD TS 7 "0 0 Co ve.t!ve heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD h. 7 "$ Co )$.t!v!tyD M 7 !0 5r!) s#a.! "D NF 7 NR 7 $.

9 7 T8 ? T4 ? &T> ? T<(C > ? &hANF C M(ATS B &hANF C M ? <(AT

9 7 &T8 ? T>(C > ? T< B >AT

9 7 T8 C aA&a ? 8( ? T> C &0 ? 8( ? T< C &a ? 8( ? T4 C 0A&0 ? 8( B &8Ca ? 8C0(AT

L! ear Thermal E4#a s!o

Eength, L 7 Laterial ,oe))icient, T 7

I #$t Data $!0 0 0000$!

U !ts in in/in

or ++ ++/++

3e+perature ,hange, Ut 7

$00

deg *

deg ,

,oe))icients o) Einear Expansion in the range 0 to $00, 5lu+inu+ M C 0 0000!#( BronNe M C 0 0000$'. ,opper M C 0 0000$/. Lild Steel M C 0 0000$! Aorcelain M C 0 00000&

Le "th .ha "eD UL 7 A swer: UL 7 Th!s !s the e ) of th!s s#rea) sheet%

Cal.$lat!o s L A T A Ut 9%844

! or mm

S#rea) Sheet 1etho): E4.elB=; >99< B ol) vers!o

$ 3ype in 7alues )or the I #$t Data ! Excel will +ake the Cal.$lat!o s

E4.el,s 5OAL SEE/

Excel's, 9Goal Seek9 ad:usts one ;nput 7alue to cause a ,alculated )or+ula cell to e8ual a gi7en 7alue When using Excel's Goal Seek, unprotect the spread sheet by selecting: <rop down +enu: 3ools = Arotection = >nprotect Sheet = ?@ When Excel's Goal Seek is not needed, restore protection with: <rop down +enu: 3ools = Arotection = Arotect Sheet = ?@

1etr!. U !ts

Wall length, E C Wall height, 2 C Wall thickness, F C ;nside con7ecti7e coe))icient, ho C to C t. C Fa C Fb C Fc C @a C @b C @c C ?utside con7ecti7e coe))icient, h. C

I #$t Data #00 00 in &( 00 in / 00 in " #( Btu/hr%)t-!%* !! ! deg * %$ 0 deg * $ 00 in 0 // in 0 .0 in 0 $0 Btu/hr%)t%* 0 $0 Btu/hr%)t%* 0 .! Btu/hr%)t%* #& $0 Btu/hr%)t-!%* Cal.$lat!o *all areaD A 7 LAHA9%9=>= C 844 A7 =%>= mE> Thermal Res!sta .es: Ro 7 8 C ho Ro 7 9%89; Ra 7 Fa C /a Ra 7 9%>@49 R0 7 F0 C /0 R0 7 9%8:;: R. 7 F. C /. R. 7 9%9>44

R@ 7 8 C h@ R@ 7 9%9>= Overall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e t 8 C U 7 8Cho ? Fa C /a ? F0 C /0 ? F. C /. ? 8Ch@ 8 C U 7 Ro?R8?Ra?R0?R.?R@ 8CU7 9%@I>9 A swer: U 7 8%;8I NT 7 to B t@ A swer: NT 7 ><%> )e" C Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 UA&NT( A swer: ' C A 7 <=%I: Heat tra sferD ' 7 UAAA&NT( A swer: ' 7 <;9 *atts S$rfa.e tem#erat$re !s fo$ ) from EP$at!o B8 a0ove: Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &to B t8( C &8 C ho( t8 7 to B &'CA(A&8 C ho( A swer: t8 7 8I%9 )e" F I ter al tem#erat$re follows: Heat tra sfer #er $ !t areaD ' C A 7 &t8 B t>( C &Fa C /a( t> 7 t8 B &'CA(A&Fa C /a( A swer: t> 7 ;%I )e" F

Bode $, 0 C #00 G &00 G 3! G 3& % &63$ Bode !, 0 C 3$ G &00 G $00 G 3# % &63! Bode #, 0 C 3& G 3! G $00 G !00 % &63# Bode &, 0 C #00 G 3$ G 3# G !00 % &63&

Bode $, %'00 C 3! G 3& % &63$ Bode !, %.00 C 3$ G 3# % &63! Bode #, %#00 C 3& G 3! % &63# Bode &, %.00 C 3$ G 3# % &63&

No)e 8 No)e > No)e < No)e 4

EP$at!o s 00 00 00 00

Co sta ts %'00 %.00 %#00 %.00

Sol$t!o 3$ C 3! C 3# C 3& C

Col$m E )e" C )e" C )e" C )e" C

HEAT TRANSFER SPREADSHEET CALCULATIONS CONGECTION

,on7ection is heat trans)er by the +o7e+ent o) heated gasses and li8uids

4 PDH

,opy write, 1 2eat 3rans)er Spreadsheet ,alculations by 0ohn 4 5ndrew, $! 0une !0$$

1eas$r! " A!r F!lm Coeff!.!e t 2eat source, D C Sur)ace area, 5 C ;nside air te+p ther+ocouple, t$ C ;nside sur)ace te+p ther+ocouple, t! C

I #$t Data $00 0& /. # !0 0

Watts s8 + , ,

Cal.$lat!o s Heat .o ve.t!o D a!r layerD ' 7 h A A A &t8 B t>( *atts h 7 ' C &AA&t8 B t>(( S%I% A swer: h 7 @%@> *CmE>AC h 7 &*CmE>A/(C@%@=: U%S% A swer: h 7 9%=I: +t$ChrBftE>AF Boundary layer thickness C 5ir )low 7elocity C F O ++ +/s

Co ve.t!ve Heat Tra sfer Coeff!.!e t Co ve.t!ve heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD h 7 MACA&5rAPr(E C L Des.r!#t!o Oertical Alate or Oertical ,ylinder 2oriNontal Alate hot sur)ace )acing up 2oriNontal Alate hot sur)ace )acing down Le "th L 5r C P $0-& $ #/ $0-&P$0-" 0 ." $0-"P$0-$! 0 $# $0-.P!6$0-' 0 .& !6$0-'P#6$0-$0 0 $& #6$0-.P#6$0-$0 0 !'

!6Q6r HS$ G S!K / !

0 !00 0 !.0 0 ### 0 !.0 0 ### 0 !.0

Co ve.t!ve Heat Tra sfer Coeff!.!e t Cal.$lat!o B P!.M Hor!Lo tal or Gert!.al Plate: Chara.ter!st!. Le "th L I #$t DataB8

height C width C Exterior sur)ace te+perature, 3s C 5+bient Hroo+K te+perature, 3a C Le "thD L7&he!"ht 4 w!)th( C &he!"ht ? w!)th( 7 L 7 Plate .hara.ter!st!. le "thD L 7 A swer: Ts B Ta 7 Th 7 A swer: Th 7 A!r Pro#ert!es at tem#erat$reD ThD from ta0le 0elow:

( 00 / 00 $&/ 0 #/ 0 Cal.$lat!o <%4< 9%9= 889 &Ts ? Ta( C > =8

in in deg , deg , P8 ! m )e" C )e" C )e" C

I #$t DataB> 5ir conducti7ity, k C 0 0#$$. W / +6, 5ir density, R C 0 "/& kg / +-# 5ir dyna+ic 7iscosity, S C ! $.E%0. kg / sec6+ Boundary layer 7olu+e coe))icient o) expansion, T C ! '&E%0# $ / deg , Gra7itational constant, g C " ($ +/sec-! Arandtl nu+ber, Ar C 0 /"& % 5rashof $m0erD 5r 7 LE<A"AVA2E>A&Ts B Ta( C 3E> A swer: 5r 7 <%=>:E?9: A swer: 5rAPr 7 >%;>@E?9: C a ) 0elow are fo$ ) ! the ta0le a0ove for the 5rAPr val$e .al.$late) here% I #$t DataB< Gr6Ar C $0-# P $0-" ,C 0 .# nC 0 !. N$sselt EP$at!o D A!r F!lm Coeff!.!e tD h 7 MACA&5rAPr(E C L S%I% A swer: h 7 ;%;9> * C mE>AC U%S% A swer: h 7 &*CmE>A/(C@%@=@: +t$ChrBftE>AF U%S% A swer: h 7 8%<;: +t$ChrBftE>AF

P> CONDUCTIGITIES H DENSITIES 1ATERIAL Co##erD #$re +rassD ;9 C$D <9 J S!lverD ==%=K #$re D$ral$m! D <B@KC$D tra.e 1" Car0o SteelD 8%9KC +ro LeD ;@ C$D >@ S SteelD8I CrD I N! Co .reteD sto eD 8B>B4 m!4 5lassD w! )ow +r!.MD .ommo 0$!l)! " *oo)D f!r *oo)D wh!te #! e 5lass *oolD 8%@ l0CftE< Pro#ert!es at :I )e" F 2 / l0mCftE< +t$ChrBftBF @@= >>< @<> :4 :@; ><@ 8;4 =@ 4I; >@ @48 8@ 4II =%4 9%;= 9%4@ 9%49 9%9:< 9%9:@ 9%9>> / *CmAC <I: 888 49; 8:4 4< >: 8:%< 8%<; 9%;I 9%:= 9%89= 9%88> 9%9<I

FINS *ins are used to increase heat trans)er area and pro7ide a cooling e))ect 2owe7er, i) h65 / A6k is greater than $ 00 the )ins will insulate and pre7ent heat )low h C air )il+ con7ecti7e coe))icient 5 C exposed sur)ace area o) the )ins A C peri+eter o) the )ins k C )in +aterial conducti7ity coe))icient

Case 8% F! D f! !te le "thD heat loss 0y .o ve.t!o at e )% Heat flow rateD ' 7 &/AA0A AUT(AF8 C F> I #$t Data 3e+perature at )in base, 3$ C !00 deg * 4oo+ 3e+perature, 3! C '0 deg *

*in width, w C *in thickness, t C *in +aterial ther+al conducti7ity, @ C ,on7ecti7e heat trans)er coe))icient, h C *in length, E C Bu+ber o) )ins, B C

F! w!)thD w 7 F! th!.M essD t 7 F! 0ase areaD A 7 A7 Tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UT 7 UT 7 UT 7 For th! f! D 7 7 h C A/ 7 L7 AL 7 s! h& AL( 7 .osh& AL( 7 F8 7 F8 7 F> 7 F> 7 '7 A swer: ' 7 Case >% F! D f! !te le "th &L( ! s$late) e )% ta h& AL( 7 9%9I:<> Heat flow rateD ' 7 NA&/AAA AUT(Ata h& AL( A swer: ' 7 ><=%:: *atts

!0 in 0 $!. in $'& W/+6, .' W / +-!6, 0 '.0 in &0 Cal.$lat!o s 9%@9I m 9%99<> m wAt mE> 9%998:8< mE> T8 B T> 8<9 )e" F @4%44 )e" C &>AhC/At(E%@ 4%@4 9%99;> 9%98= m 9%9I; 9%9I; 8%994 W&s! h& AL( ? &h C A/(A.osh& AL(X 9%999: W&.osh& AL( ? &h C A/(As! h& AL(X 8%9944 NA&/AAA AUT(A&F8 C F>(( 8%;<4 *atts

P<

F! Eff!.!e .y I)eal heat tra sfer o..$rs whe the e t!re f! !s at !ts 0ase tem#erat$re% I #$t Data 3e+perature at )in base % 4oo+ 3e+perature, U3 C !0 deg , *in +aterial ther+al conducti7ity, @ C & 00 W/ +6, ,on7ecti7e heat trans)er coe))icient, h C " 00 W / +-!6, *in width, w C #0 00 in *in thickness, t C 0 0(0 in *in length, E C 0 '. in Cal.$lat!o s F! w!)thD metersD w 7 9%;:> m F! th!.M essD metersD t 7 9%99>9 m F! 0ase areaD A0 7 wAt mE> A0 7 9%998@4I mE> F! le "thD metersD L 7 9%98=9@ m

Two F! fa.e areasD Af 7 Af 7 Per!meterD P 7 P7 7 7 AL 7

>ALAw 9%9>=9<> >A&w ? t( 8%@>I8 hAPC&/AA0( 4;%8> 9%I=;;

mE> m

P4

F! eff!.!e .yD Y 7 A.t$al ' C I)eal ' ' 7 &hAPA/AA0(E%@A&UT(A&ta h& AL(( 7 &/AA0A (A&UT(A&ta h& AL(( &hAPA/AA(E%@ 7 &/AAA ( I)eal heat tra sferD 'a 7 &hAPA/AA(E%@AUTA&ta h& AL(( 'a 7 4%8;4 *atts I)eal heat tra sferD '! 7 &hAAfAUT( '! 7 @%>>: *atts Y7 '! C 'a A swer: Y 7 ;=%= K

Co$ ter H Parallel Flow Heat E4.ha "er T$0e Le "th Cal.$lat!o

P@ Heat tra sferD ' 7 UAAANTm

Pla e wall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD U 7 8 C &8Cho ? LC/ ? 8Ch8 Cyl! )r!.al wall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD U 7 8 C &8Ch! ? WRoL &RoCR!(XC/ ? R!CRo( ! a ) o refer to ! s!)e a ) o$ts!)e t$0e s$rfa.es% Lar"e tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UT0. 7 Ta B T) UT0. 7 >9 *ro+ ;nput <ata below Small tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UTa) 7 T0 B T. UTa) 7 @> *ro+ ;nput <ata below Lo"ar!thm!. mea tem#% )!ffere .eD UTm 7 &UT0. B UTa)(Cl &T0.CUTa)( A swer: UTm 7 <<%@ )e" C 3he added resistance to heat trans)er caused by corrosion is called )ouling *ouling )actor, 4 ranges between 0 000. and 0 00! See +anu)actures data *ouling )actor, 4 C H$/>dirtyK % H$/>cleanK For.e) Co ve.t!o B ! Co!le) T$0e Heat E4.ha "ers T$r0$le t flow ! .o!le) t$0e% 3e+p o) water )lowing in, 3a C 3e+p o) water )lowing out, 3b C 3c C 3d C 3ube inside dia+eter, <i C 3ube outside dia+eter, <o C Oelocity o) water in tube, O C

I #$t Data '( '& !! .( .$ .& #.

deg , deg , deg , deg , ++ ++ +/s

*ater #ro#ert!es at tem#erat$re T0 )e" C from the ta0le a0ove: Water density, R C ""& ' ,p C & $(# Water dyna+ic 7iscosity, S C / (!E%0& Water conducti7ity, k C 0 /!(# Arandtl nu+ber, Ar C & .$ *actor, n C 0 &0 Oelocity o) water in tube, O C # Cal.$lat!o s &T! ? To$t( C > ;: GAD C 6 GADA2 C 3

kg / +-! k60/kg6@ kg / +6s W / +6@ % +/s

*ater 0$lM tem#erat$reD A swer: Rey ol)s N$m0erD orD

T0 7 T0 7 Re 7 Re 7

)e" C )e" C

A swer: Re 7 Co ve.t!ve heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD S%I% A swer: U%S% A swer: U%S% A swer:

>%:9E?9@

T$r0$le t

Re -4999

h 7 9%9><A&ReE%I(A&PrE (A&MC)( h7 888>I * C mE>A/ h 7 &*CmE>A/(C@%@=@: +t$ChrBftE>AF h7 8=I= +t$ChrBftE>AF 888>I T0 B T. @> * C mE>A/ )e" C P:

S%I% A swer from a0ove: h 7 Lar"e tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UT0. 7 A swer: UT0.7

Small tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UTa) 7 A swer: UTa) 7

Ta B T) >9

)e" C

Lo"ar!thm!. tem#erat$re )!ffere .eD UTm 7 &UT0. B UTa)(Cl &T0.CUTa)( A swer: UTm 7 <<%@ )e" C Overall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e t 7 Uo Heat flow rateD ' 7 UoAAAUTm Heat flow rate thr$ ! s!)e t$0e wallD '! 7 UoAZA)!ALAUTm Heat flow rate thr$ o$ts!)e t$0e wallD 'o 7 UoAZA)oALAUTm Uo 7 h AA! C Ao T$0e ! s!)e areaD A! 7 T$0e o$ts!)e areaD Ao 7 Overall heat tra sfer .oeff!.!e tD Uo 7 A swer: Uo 7 C# 7 A swer: C# 7 ZA)!AL ZA)oAL h A)! C )o 89@89 C#A8999 48I<

* C mE>A/ 8999A[CM[ [CM"A/

D!sre"ar)! " t$0e fo$l! "D )eterm! e the t$0e le "th reP$!re): The t$0e le "th reP$!re)D L 7 2AGA&)!(E>AC#A&To$t BT! ( C &4AUoA)oAUTm( A swer: L 7 8@%<; m

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P;

HEAT TRANSFER SPREADSHEET CALCULATIONS RADIATION

2eat in the )or+ o) radiation tra7els through space at the speed o) light 4adiant heat energy is proportional to the &th power o) the absolute te+perature

4 PDH

,opy write, 1 2eat 3rans)er Spreadsheet ,alculations by 0ohn 4 5ndrew, $! 0une !0$$

Heat Ra)!at!o U#o a S$rfa.e *raction o) heat energy absorbed, M C absorbti7ity *raction o) heat energy re)lected, R C re)lecti7ity *raction o) heat energy passed thru , V C trans+issi7ity HtransparentW solids, li8uids, X gassesK By de)inition, M G R G V C +la.M +o)y Ra)!at!o 5n ideal black body absorbs all incident radiation so that, M C there)ore, R C 0 and V C 0 $ 00

$ 00

tC S%I% a0sol$te tem#erat$reD TM 7 A swer: TM 7 tC U%S% a0sol$te tem#erat$reD Tr 7 A swer: Tr 7

I #$t Data !! t ? >;<%> >=@%> I #$t Data '0 t ? 4@=%I @>=%I

deg , )e" / )e" / deg * )e" R )e" R

Ra)!at!o E4am#le Laterial sur)ace e+issi7ity, e C Ste)an%BoltN+ann constant, Y C <i+ension, E$ C <i+ension, E! C Sur)ace te+perature, t$ C

I #$t Data 0 "$ . /'E%0( !0 00 # 00 #( Cal.$lat!o AreaD A 7 L8AL>

% W / +-!%@-& + + deg ,

A swer: A 7 :9%99 mE> A0sol$te tem#erat$re% T 7 C ? >;< T7 <88 )e" A0s Ra)!a t thermal fl$4 refle.te)D ' 7 eA\ATE4 A swer: ' 7 4I>%; *atts D is the radiant ther+al )lux per s8uare )oot re)lected by the wall

P8

The total hem!s#her!.al heat ra)!at!o from a 0la.M 0o)y s$rfa.e &A( !sD E0 7 Stefa B+oltLma Stefa B+oltLma .o sta tD \ 7 .o sta tD \ 7

\ATE4 @%:;9EB9I 8%;84EB99= ]A\ATE4 ] E8 C E> E8 E>

* CmE>A/E4 * CmE>A/E4 +t$ChAftE>AR * CmE>A/E4

5ray 0o)y ra)!at!o D E" 7 5ray 0o)y ra)!at!o fa.tor 7 Co f!"$rat!o or Em!ss!v!ty Fa.torD CF 7 Ra)!at!o tra sm!tte) from s$rfa.e 8 7 Ra)!at!o tra sm!tte) to s$rfa.e > 7 S$rfa.e 8 !s smaller tha s$rfa.e >% If s$rfa.e > .om#letely s$rro$ )s s$rfa.e 8D Fa 7

* CmE>A/E4 * CmE>A/E4

8%99 * CmE>A/E4

Total ra)!at!o tra sm!tte)D Et 7 ]A\ACFA&T8E4BT8E4(

Ra)!at!o E4am#le 2oriNontal duct under a house What is the heat loss per unit area o) the ductZ <uct dia+eter, < C I #$t Data !0 c+

<uct sur)ace te+perature, tduct C <uct e+issi7ity, [ C 3e+perature under house, twalls C Surrounding air te+perature, tair C ,on7ecti7e )il+ coe))icient, h C

(. 0( !0 $( ..

, , , W/ +-!6@

0 "/

Btu/hr6)t-!6* P>

8% Cal.$late heat lost 0y ra)!at!o : Cal.$lat!o s Stefa B+oltLma .o sta tD \ 7 @%:;9EB9I * CmE>A/E4 T)$.t 7 t)$.t ? >;< A swer: T)$.t 7 <@I )e" / Twalls 7 twalls ? >;< A swer: Twalls 7 >=< )e" / S$rfa.e > .om#letely s$rro$ )s s$rfa.e 8 Arra "eme t or Em!ss!v!ty Fa.torD CF 7 8%99 *CmE>A/E4 Heat tra sferre) 0y ra)!at!o D Er 7 ]A\ACFA&T8E4 B T>E4( A swer: Er 7 488 *CmE>A/E4 >% Determ! e heat lost 0y .o ve.t!o : Co ve.t!ve heat tra sferD ' C A 7 hA&t)$.t B ta!r( A swer: ' C A 7 <:I%@ * C mE> <% A)) to f! ) total heat loss: 'total C Area 7 'total C Area 7 Er ? ' C A ;;= * C mE>

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P<

HEAT TRANSFER SPREADSHEET CALCULATIONS 1ATH TOOLS

E4.el .a 0e $se) to fa.!l!tate a ) )o.$me t e "! eer! " .al.$lat!o s% When using Excel's Goal Seek, unprotect the spread sheet by selecting: Dro# )ow me $: Tools - Prote.t!o - U #rote.t Sheet - O/ When Excel's Goal Seek is not needed, restore protection with: Dro# )ow me $: Tools - Prote.t!o - Prote.t Sheet - O/

4 PDH

,opy write, 1 2eat 3rans)er Spreadsheet ,alculations by 0ohn 4 5ndrew, $! 0une !0$$

5OAL SEE/ B Tr!al a ) Error 0y E4.el S#rea) Sheet 3& C <I%; deg , in the calculation below when input heat )low D C @%9 Watts 3he ob:ecti7e is to )ind the input heat D that will result in the te+perature 3& C !. deg , Excel spread sheets will +ake a trial and error iteration auto+atically with the tool called, 9Goal Seek9 $ Select the calculated answer at red cell, T4 7 <I%; below ! Select: 3ools = Goal Seek = Aick 93o 7alue:9 = >@ = By changing: = Aick green cell, ' 7 8:%9 = ?kay

EFA1PLE B LOC/ED
DC 5C 3$ C h$ C h! C kC EC R8 7 R8 7 R> 7 R> 7 R< 7 R< 7 'CA7 T4 7 A swer: T4 7 I #$t Data @%9 Watts 0 !. s8 + &. deg , " 00 W/s8 + , . 00 W/s8 + , $/& W/+, 0 !. + Cal.$lat!o s 8 C h8 sP m CC* 9%888 sP m CC* LCM mAC C * 9%998@ mAC C * 8 C h> sP m CC* 9%>99 sP m CC* &T8 BT4( C &R8 ? R> ? R<( T8 B &&' C A(A&R8 ? R> ? R<(( <I%; )e"% C

PRO+LE1 B UNLOC/ED
Pra.t!.e 5oal SeeM 0elow: DC I #$t Data 8:%9 Watts

5C 3$ C h$ C h! C kC EC R8 7 R8 7 R> 7 R> 7 R< 7 R< 7 'CA7 T4 7 A swer: T4 7

0 !. s8 + &. deg , " 00 W/s8 + , . 00 W/s8 + , $/& W/+, 0 !. + Cal.$lat!o s 8 C h8 sP m CC* 9%888 sP m CC* LCM mAC C * 9%998@ mAC C * 8 C h> sP m CC* 9%>99 sP m CC* &T8 BT4( C &R8 ? R> ? R<( T8 B &&' C A(A&R8 ? R> ? R<(( >@%9 )e"% C

EFCEL,S SOLGER - see >D CONDUCTION

To install Solver, click the Microsoft Office Button, click Excel Options, and click Add-Ins. In the Manage ox at the otto! of the "indo", select Excel Add-ins, and click #o. $heck the Solver Add-in ox in the Add-Ins dialog ox, and click O%. After Solver is installed, &ou can run Solver & clicking Solver in the Anal&sis group on the 'ata ta .

Ste#B8 Cl!M the QE4.el +$tto Q to# left - Cl!.M QE4.el O#t!o sQ%

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