Verbal Section (25 Questions-25min) Directions For Questions 1-5: Read The Passage and Answer The Questions That Follow
Verbal Section (25 Questions-25min) Directions For Questions 1-5: Read The Passage and Answer The Questions That Follow
that follow on the basis of the information provided in the passage. For a period of more than two centuries paleontologists have been intrigued by the fossili ed remains of pterosaurs! the first flying vertebrates. "he issues! which pu le them! are how these heavy creatures! having a wingspan of about #-$2 meters managed the various problems associated with powered flight and whether these creatures were reptiles or birds. %erhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. "heir s&ulls! pelvises! and hind feet are reptilian. "he anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. 'n pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wingli&e membrane. "he other fingers were short and reptilian! with sharp claws. 'n birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing! which consists primarily of feathers. 'f the pterosaurs wal&ed on all fours! the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. (hen a pterosaurs wal&ed or remained stationary! the fourth finger! and with it the wing! could only urn upward in an e)tended inverted *- shape along each side of the animal+s body. 'n resemblance they were e)tremely similar to both birds and bats! with regard to their overall body structure and proportion. "his is hardly surprising as the design of any flying vertebrate is sub,ect to aerodynamic constraints. -oth the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones! a feature that represents a savings in weight. "here is a difference! which is that the bones of the birds are more massively reinforced by internal struts. .lthough scales typically cover reptiles! the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. "./. /u)ley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism! which in turn implies a high internal temperature. /u)ley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. "he recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long! dense! and relatively thic& hair li&e fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct. 0ome paleontologists are of the opinion that the pterosaurs ,umped from s dropped from trees or perhaps rose into the light winds from the crests of waves in order to become airborne. 1ach theory has its associated difficulties. "he first ma&es a wrong assumption that the pterosaurs hind feet resembled a bat+s and could serve as hoo&s by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. "he second hypothesis seems unli&ely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. "he third calls for high aces to channel updrafts. "he pterosaurs would have
been unable to control their flight once airborne as the wind from which such waves arose would have been too strong. .s seen in the above passage scientists generally agree that2 the pterosaurs could fly over large distances because of their large wingspan. a close evolutionary relationship can be seen between the pterosaurs and bats! when the structure of their s&eletons is studied. the study of the fossili ed remains of the pterosaurs reveals how they solved the problem associated with powered flight the pterosaurs were reptiles %terosaurs wal&ed on all fours. .nswer 2 3 .s inferred from the passage! the s&eleton of a pterosaur is distinguishable from that of a bird by the length of its wingspan hollow spaces in its bones anatomic origin of its wing strut evidence of the hoo&li&e pro,ections on its hind feet location of the shoulder ,oint ,oining the wing to its body. .nswer 2 4 From the viewpoint of "././u)ley! as given in the passage! which of the following statements is he most li&ely to agree with5 .n animal can master comple) behaviors irrespective of the si e of it+s brain. 1nvironmental capabilities and physical capabilities often influence the appearance of an animal. 6sually animals in a particular family group do not change their appearance dramatically over a period of time "he origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of speciali ation or adaption
"he pterosaurs should be classified as birds! not reptiles. .nswer 2 "he organi ation of the last paragraph of the passage can best be described as2 7ew data is introduced in order to support a traditional point of view "hree e)planations are put forth and each of them is disputed by means of specific information .n outline of three hypotheses are given and evidence supporting each of them is given 3escription of three recent discoveries is presented! and their implications for future study are pro,ected "he material in the earlier paragraphs is summari ed and certain conclusions are from it. .nswer 2 .ccording to the passage! some scientists believe that pterosaurs 8ived near large bodies of water /ad sharp teeth for tearing food (ere attac&ed and eaten by larger reptiles /ad longer tails than many birds 4onsumed twice their weight daily to maintain their body temperature. .nswer 2 . Directions for Questions 6-10: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow on the basis of the information provided in the passage.
.fter his father+s death! writer 8aurence 9ep returned to 0an Francisco to loo& for the apartment house where his family had lived! which also housed their grocery store. 't had been replaced by a two-story par&ing garage for a nearby college. "here were trees growing where the store door had been. ' had to loo& at the street signs on the corner to ma&e sure ' was in the right spot. -ehind the trees was a door of solid metal painted a battleship gray 0tretching to either side were concrete walls with metal grates bolted over the openings in the sides. "he upper story of the garage was open to the air but
through the grates ' could loo& into the lower level. "he gray! oil-stained concrete spread onward endlessly! having replaced the red cement floor of our store. 8ines mar&ed par&ing places where my parents had laid wooden plan&s to ease the ache and chill on their feet. (here the old-fashioned glass store counter had been was a row of cars. ' loo&ed past the steel '-beams that formed the columns and ceiling of the garage! peering through the dimness in an attempt to locate where my father+s garden had been: but there was only an endless stretch of cars within the painted stalls. (e called it the garden though that was stretching the definition of the word because it was only a small! narrow cement courtyard on the north side of our apartment house. "here was only a brief time during the day when the sun could reach the tiny courtyard: but fuchsia bushes! which loved the shade! grew as tall as trees from the dirt plot there. 7e)t to it my father had fashioned shelves from old hundred-pound rice cans and plan&s: and on these ma&eshift shelves he had his miniature flower patches growing in old soda pop crates from which he had removed the wooden dividers. /e would go out periodically to a wholesale nursery by the beach and load the car with bo)es full of little flowers and seedlings which he would lovingly transplant in his shadowy garden. 'f you compared our crude little garden to your own bac&yards! you would probably laugh: and yet the cats in the neighborhood loved my father+s garden almost as much as he did--to his great dismay "he cats loved to roll among the flowers! crushing what were ,ust about the only green growing things in the area. ;ther times! they ate them-perhaps as a source of greens. (hatever the case! my father could have done without their destructive displays of appreciation. ' don+t &now where my father came by his love of growing things. /e had come to 0an Francisco as a boy and! e)cept for a brief time spent pic&ing fruit! had lived most of his life among cement! bric&! and asphalt. ' hadn+t thought of my father+s garden in years: and yet it was the surest symbol of my father. 0omehow he could persuade flowers to grow within the old! yellow soda pop crates though the sun seldom touched them: and he could coa) green shoots out of what seemed li&e lifeless stic&s. /is was the gift of renewal. /owever! though ' stared and stared! ' could not quite figure out where it had been. 1verything loo&ed the same: more concrete and more cars. 0tore! home and garden had all been torn down and replaced by something as cold! massive and impersonal as a prison. 1ven if ' could have gone through the gate! there was nothing for me inside there. 'f ' wanted to return to that lost garden! ' would have to go bac& into my own memories. .ward-winning author 8aurence 9ep did return to his father+s garden in his memories. 'n $<<$ he published "he 8ost =arden an autobiography in which he tells of growing up in 0an Francisco and of coming to use his writing to celebrate his family and his ethnic heritage.
"he author is searching for something as he loo&s through the window of a par&ing garage. (hat is he searching for5
. particular car "he red cement floor of an old store Reminders of the past 1vidence of his father+s financial success .ns2 4 (hat &ind of wor& did the author+s father do5 /e was a professional gardener /e wor&ed in a par&ing garage. /e owned a restaurant. /e owned a store. .ns23 (hat idea does the story suggest about the author+s parents5 "hey both wor&ed hard to support their family "hey had encouraged their son to become a writer "hey had not wanted to see a par&ing garage replace their home. "hey had been farmers most of their lives. .ns24 (hat do you &now about the father+s garden5 't grew in spite of being neglected. "he cats would eat all the plants before they grew 't flourished in an unli&ely spot. 't didn+t grow well because of lac& of sun. .ns23 (hy are details about the neighborhood cats included in this story5 "o show how much the garden meant to the family.
"o show how important this garden was to the author+s father. "o show how had the author wor&ed at helping his father. "o show that the author+s father loved animals as well as plants. Directions for Questions 11-12: Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. 'f there is any error! it will be only one part of the sentence. "he number or alphabet of that part is your answer.( 3isregard punctuation errors if any) $$. ' shall > ring him > tomorrow > in the afternoon. . .ns2 $2. ' en,oyed > during my > stay in > 1ngland. . .ns2. Directions for Questions 13-15: one of the four sentences given in each question is grammatically wrong . Find the incorrect sentence. $?. .) the odds are against him. -) 8et me thread the needle . 4) . nurse is ta&ing care of him. 3) ' don+t &now if snow is falling. .ns. 3 $@. .) 8et me put my sign here. -) "hese cattle are mine. c) /e e)amined the boo& closely. 3) /e has no &nowledge of and no interest in music. .ns2 . $5. .) /e has no desire for fame. -) ' intend going to 4alcutta. 4 3 4 3
4) /e is too miserly to part with his money. 3) /e has invited me for dinner. .ns2 4 Directions for Questions 16-20: 'n each of the following questions! some sentence are given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the most preferable with respect to grammar: meaning and usage! suitable for formal writing in 1nglish. Find the correct sentence. $A. .. ;ur school had won the match if only we have concentrated . -. ;ur school would have won the match if only we would have concentrated. 4. ;ur school would win the match if only we had concentrated. 3. ;ur school had won the match if only we would have concentrated. 1. ;ur school would have won the match if only we had concentrated. .ns2 1 $B. .. /e will not pay unless he is not compelled -. /e will not pay unless he will be compelled . 4 . /e will not pay unless he is compelled 3. he will not pay till he i s compelled. .ns2 4 $#. .. 0ince he lac&ed needed money ! he never turned down anyone who needed help. -. /e wasn+t rich by any means! although he never turned down anyone who needed help. 4. -eing not rich by any means! but he never turned away anyone who needed help. 3. /e wasn+t rich by any means! but he never turned away anyone who needed help. 1. 0ince he wasn+t rich by any means! he never turned away anyone who needed help. .ns2 3
$<. .) ' was as&ed to stop writing. -) 0he denied to go with me. 4) Cy hairs stood on end. 3) ' am reading this novel for four days. .ns. 3 2D. .. "he teacher as&ed the student with a frown on his face! to leave the room. -. "he teacher as&ed with a frawn on his face the student to leave the room. 4. (ith a frawn on his face! the teacher as&ed the student to leave the room. 3. "he teacher as&ed the student to leave the room with a frawn on his face . .ns2 4 Directions for Questions 21-25: 'n each of the following questions! a paragraph or a sentence has been bro&en up into different parts. "he parts have been scrambled and numbered as given below. 4hoose the correct order of these parts from the given alternatives. 2$. $) is decidedly harmful 2) disregarding other equally important aspects! ?) to the total neglect of others @) in the life of a man or a woman 5) is not wisdom but A) cultivating only one quality B) giving all attention and energy to one aspect of national life only! #) folly <) 0imilarly in the life of a nation. .) @!A!2!5!#!<!B!$!? 4) A!2!@!5!$!<!B!?!# .ns2 -) @!A!?!$!<!B!2!5!# 3) A!@!2!$!<!B!?!5!#
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