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Introduction To HVDC VSC Alstom

1) The document introduces HVDC VSC technology and discusses various converter circuit topologies used in VSC systems, including single-phase, three-phase, neutral-point clamped, and modular multi-level converters. 2) It describes the basic components and operation of VSC sub-modules, including IGBTs, capacitors, bypass switches, and inter-submodule connectors. 3) The document provides an overview of semiconductor devices used in VSC systems and compares different approaches to VSC valve and circuit design.

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678 views30 pages

Introduction To HVDC VSC Alstom

1) The document introduces HVDC VSC technology and discusses various converter circuit topologies used in VSC systems, including single-phase, three-phase, neutral-point clamped, and modular multi-level converters. 2) It describes the basic components and operation of VSC sub-modules, including IGBTs, capacitors, bypass switches, and inter-submodule connectors. 3) The document provides an overview of semiconductor devices used in VSC systems and compares different approaches to VSC valve and circuit design.

Uploaded by

pongpum
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to HVDC VSC HVDC

Dr Radnya A Mukhedkar
Group Leader, Senior Principal Engineer System Design August 2010
GRID

The Voltage Sourced Converter Single Phase

Alternating Voltage Output

Steady DC Voltage Input

VSC

P2

The Voltage Sourced Converter Three Phase

Alternating Voltage Output

Steady DC Voltage Input

VSC

P3

AC/DC System Schematic Ideal Load Flow

XTX IAC

XLIMB /2

Line-to- Ground AC System Voltage

Line-to- Ground Transformer Secondary Voltage

Line-to- Ground Valve Voltage

DC Voltage

V1

V2

V3

Im I V
3

P
V Re V1

V3 sin( ) V1 X V3 cos( ) V1 X V1

P4

VSC Synthesis of a Sine Wave Voltage Waveforms

Simplest Possible Waveform

Ideal Waveform

Acceptable Approximation if Sufficient Steps are Used


T 0557.3c

P5

The Voltage Sourced Converter Single Phase, 2-level

Alternating Voltage Output

Steady DC Voltage Input

VSC
Neutral

P6

VSC: Three Main Classes


Reduction in Harmonic Distortion + Increased Rating

Complex Transformer + Simple Converters

Simple Transformer + Complex, Multi-level Converters

Simple Transformer + Simple Converters with PWM


P7

Complex Transformer + simple converters


Output Voltage

Simple VSC

Resultant Output Voltage


Output Voltage

Simple VSC

Output Voltage

Simple VSC

Output Voltage

Simple VSC

T 0811.1

P8

Simple Transformer, Simple Converter + PWM


Output Voltage

Simple VSC
Output Voltage , filtered

P9

Multi-Level Converter

Output Voltage

Multi-level VSC

P 10

What is a multi-level converter?

Volts

Volts

Time

Total Flexibility
P 11

VSC Converter: phase arm

Line-Neutral voltage (ideal) VSC Phase Unit AC Terminal +Udc

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

U
-Udc

P 12

Semiconductors for VSC


Voltage-Sourced Converters require semiconductors which can carry current in both directions and withstand voltage in the positive direction The following types of device have the appropriate properties: Thyristor derivatives: GTO: Gate Turn-Off thyristor GCT: Gate Commutated Thyristor (= a GTO with a better gate drive) IGCT: Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (=a GCT with the gate drive integrated into the semiconductor package) Transistor derivatives: BJT: Bipolar Junction Transistor (only for low power and low frequency) MOSFET: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (only for low power) IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IEGT: Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor similar to an IGBT
Do not confuse IGBT and IGCT!!
P 13

Basic 2-level inverter One phase arm

Line-Neutral voltage
VSC Valve

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

V1 AC
VSC Valve

+Udc

U
-Udc

V2

=VSC Valve

P 14

VSC Valves of the Controllable Voltage Source type

Valve Voltage
VSC Valve

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

V1 AC
VSC Valve

+Udc

U(V1)

U(V2)

U
0

V2

P 15

Circuit Types

GRID

Neutral-point clamped inverter One phase arm (3 level)

V1

Line-Neutral voltage

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

V2 +Udc AC

V3 -Udc

V4

=Diode Valve

=VSC Valve

P 17

Neutral-point clamped inverter Three-phase circuit (3 level)

V1

V1

V1

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

V2 AC V3

V2 AC V3

V2 AC V3

V4

V4

V4

P 18

Neutral-point clamped inverter One phase arm (5 level)


V1

Udc
V2

V3 +Udc

Line-Neutral voltage

Udc
DC Transmission System V4

+Udc

AC -Udc V5 -Udc V6 =Diode Valve V7

Udc

Udc
V8 =VSC Valve

P 19

Flying Capacitor inverter One phase arm (3 level)

V1

Line-Neutral voltage

DC Transmission System

Udc Udc

Udc

V2 +Udc AC

V3 -Udc

V4

P 20

VSC with series-connected chain link modules


a.k.a. Modular MultiLevel Converter
Half-Link Full-Link

Output Voltage

Output Voltage

P 21

VSC-HVDC 2 Basic Approaches


Series-Connected IGBTs Multi-level circuit Conceptually simple circuit Low switching losses Requires PWM Easily scaleable High switching losses Virtually no harmonics Harmonic and EMC problems More complex controls from PWM
+V +V +V +V

-V

-V

-V

-V = Chain-Link Module

+Udc U -Udc

+Udc U -Udc

P 22

Valve Design

GRID

VSC with series-connected half-chain links


P
D1 IGBT1

+
A
D2 IGBT2

N
Valve Output Voltage

Equivalent to:

Cannot electronically suppress faults on the DC side. Need to open the AC circuit breaker instead.
P 24

VSC with series-connected full-chain links

IGBT1 P D1 + Vdc

IGBT3

D3

IGBT2

IGBT4

D2

D4

Equivalent to:

Valve Output Voltage

Or

Can suppress faults on the DC side by blocking the chain links (or putting them in reverse)
P 25

Circuit Topology

Capacitor

Module Power Module


3 2 2 3 1 2 3 /2 3 2 1 2 Time

Line reactance (L) split Becomes a means of protection

M2 M3 M4 M5 M6

module high module high module high module high module high module high

Stepped Waveform Overall Topology The number of modules = the number of devices in a conventional circuit
Requires twice the number of devices
P 26

VSC Valves - Sub-module Components

Inter Sub-module Connector

VSC Sub-Module
IGBT1 D1 R1 C1

IGBT

T1 IGBT2 SW1 D2

Bypass Switch

P 27

Main Components in Half Bridge


IGBT (x2)

Capacitor

Half Bridge Power Module Circuit

Bleed Resistor (x2)

By-pass Switch Laminated Bus-Bar


P 28

Thyristor and Clamp

Main Components in Full Bridge


IGBT (x4)

Capacitor

Bleed Resistor (x2)

By-pass Switch Laminated Bus-Bar


P 29

www.alstom.com

GRID

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