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Computer Fundamentals Computer Systems and Programming Topic List

The document provides an overview of topics covered in a computer fundamentals/systems programming lecture, including: - Basics of computers, software, operating systems, and hardware - Number systems and conversions between binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal - ASCII character encoding - Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication of signed and unsigned numbers - Logic circuits, gates, truth tables, adders, flip-flops, counters, and parity generators - Basic processing components like the program counter, ROM, registers, ALU, and instructions.

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sohaib992
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158 views

Computer Fundamentals Computer Systems and Programming Topic List

The document provides an overview of topics covered in a computer fundamentals/systems programming lecture, including: - Basics of computers, software, operating systems, and hardware - Number systems and conversions between binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal - ASCII character encoding - Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication of signed and unsigned numbers - Logic circuits, gates, truth tables, adders, flip-flops, counters, and parity generators - Basic processing components like the program counter, ROM, registers, ALU, and instructions.

Uploaded by

sohaib992
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals/ Computer Systems and Programming

Lecture Topics
Note: Any other topic mentioned in class is also included
Basics of Computers Software Systems Software Application Software Hardware Inputs Outputs Processor, RAMs Operating Systems

Sample questions You should know the basic definitions/concepts of these topics
Number System Binary Decimal Hexadecimal Octal BCD

Sample questions
You should know the conversions 1) 2) 3) 4) Convert 101010 binary to decimal, hexadecimal, octal Convert 456 decimal to binary, hexadecimal, octal Convert AFD hexadecimal to binary, decimal, octal Convert 236 octal to binary, decimal, hexadecimal

ASCII Each character on keyboard is associated with an 8 bit hexadecimal code. E.g. A has hexcode of 40, then B has hexcode of 41 etc.

Sample questions

If Hex code of A is 40 , what will be the Hex code of Z Arithmetic Operations Additions 1's complement 2's complement Subtraction Multiplication (Signed/Unsigned)

Sample questions You should be able to add two numbers in binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal Adding two numbers Binary 101101 + 010010 = 111111 Hexadecimal AFD + D43 = 1840 Octal 345 + 246 = 614 Find 1s complement of 101101 (flip all bits) : 010010 Find 2s complement of 101101 (flip all bits and add 1) : 010011 To subtract two numbers (A-B) you add A with 2s complement of B.

A: 101101 (1+4+8-16 = -19 in decimal) B: 010111 (1+2+4+16 = 23 in decimal) 2s Complement of B: 101001 (1+8-32 = -23 in decimal) A + 2s complement of B: 1010110 (2+4+16-64 = -42 in decimal) Multiply two unsigned/unsigned numbers Generate partial products Add them

Multiply unsigned/signed numbers Generate partial products Take 2s complement of last partial product (after putting a guard bit) and then add them

Multiply signed/unsigned numbers Generate partial products Do sign extension of all partial products, and add them. Result is correct till the sign extended bit.

Multiply signed/signed numbers Generate partial products Take 2s complement of last partial product Do sign extension of all partial products, and add them.

Result is correct till the sign extended bit.

Logic Circuits Basic Gates (AND, OR, NOT) Truth Table Equations Minterms Circuits 2/3 bit adders T Flipflops Timing Diagram Counters/ Frequency dividers Parity generators

Sample questions
You should be able to o Make circuits of logic equations e.g. Draw circuit of F(a,b,c) = abc + ab +ac o Make truth tables of logic equations o Make logical equation of logic circuits o Make truth table of logical circuits o o o o o Write minterms of an equation e.g. F (a,b,c) = abc + abc = (3,7) Draw the circuit of 2 bit adders Draw the circuit of 3 bit adders Complete the timing diagrams of circuits made up of flipflops. Counters and frequency dividers are made up of edge triggered Flip Flops.

o Parity generators generate parity bit for the data message bits. P = (a xor b) xor c. Error E = ((P xor a) xor b ) xor c.

Basic Processing Components Program Counter ROM Address Instruction Register Instruction Decoder ALU Registers Memory Instructions

Sample questions A basic processing unit contains all these components. An Instruction consists of commands for the circuit and control logic.

Example of instruction is ADD R0, R1, R2 : It means Add R2 to R1 and put the result into R0. The instruction decoder will send related control bits to the ALU to perform the following action. SUB R0,R1, R2: It means Sub R2 from R!, and put result in R0. The instruction decoder will send related control bits to the ALU to perform the following action.

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