1

A Project Report on

E-MUSIC
Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING By MADHUR MITTAL MAYA ! "AR" MUDIT SI "HAL (0909010063) (090901006#) (0909010069)

Name of Guide

Mr$ AMIT PA DEY

"AUTAM %UDDH TECH ICAL U I&ERSITY' LUC! ()' I DIA MAY' *013

Cert+,+c-te

Certified that Madhur Mittal, Mayank Garg and Mudit Singhal has carried out the research work presented in this ro!ect entitled "#$Music% for the award of Bachelor of &echnology from 'ttar radesh &echnical 'ni(ersity, )ucknow under my super(ision* &he ro!ect embodies result of original work and studies carried out by Student himself and the contents of the ro!ect do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else*

+M,& +N-#. S' #/0,S1/ -esignation 2 3ead 1f -epartment +ddress 2,*#*C C#&

-ate2 415652714

AC! ()LED"EME T

, take this opportunity to e8press my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Mr* +mit pandey for his e8emplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis* &he blessing, help and guidance gi(en by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the !ourney of life on which , am about to embark*

, also take this opportunity to e8press a deep sense of gratitude to -e(endra Singh, 3ead 1f -epartment, ,*#*C C#&, for his cordial support, (aluable information and guidance, which helped me in completing , am obliged to staff members of ,*#*C C#&, for the (aluable information pro(ided by them in their respecti(e fields* , am grateful for their cooperation during the period of my assignment*

)astly, , thank almighty, my parents, brother, sisters and friends for their constant encouragement without which this assignment would not be possible*

Madhur Mittal Mayank Garg Mudit Singhal

TA%LE (. C( TE TS C/-pter no$

1* 2* 4*

T+t0e
+bstract ,ntroduction 2*1 1rgani:ing rofile System +nalysis 4*1 #8isting system 4*2 roblem -efinition 4*4 roposed System 4*9 /e;uirement +nalysis 4*6 /e;uirement Specifications 4*< =easibility study

9* 9*1

System -esign ro!ect Module 9*2 -ata -ictionary 9*4 -ata =low -iagrams 9*9 #$/ -iagram 9*6 3ardware +nd Software /e;uirements

6* <* >*

System &esting Software &ools 'sed &echnical Notes >*1 ,mplementation >*2 ,ntroduction to 3&M) >*4 ,ntroduction to ?a(a

@* A* 17*

1utput screens Conclusion Bibliography

C/-pter 1

A%STRACT
&he #$Music Borld application is an 1nline Bebsite for an 1rgani:ation* ,t is a (irtual showcase for different types of products like =,)M, G3+C3+), 1 , -#01&,1N+), and /1CD, C)+SS,C+), =1)D etc* &he main aim of this pro!ect is to make 1nline shopping (ery easily* &he Special thing about this pro!ect is it pro(ides different types of C-s to purchase* + leading music show room spanning across the twin cities of 3yderabad is targeting towards smooth internal communication and functioning for the customers along with other useful information* &his document ser(es as the base for the pro!ect re;uirements* ,t captures the re;uirements for the pro!ect* ,t contains a broad o(er(iew and purpose of the ,nternet C- shopping summary plan and detailed design of all the pages* &he template that gi(es the detailed re;uirements of the ,nternet C- shopping for each module is as follows2 &he purpose of this pro!ect is as follows2 &o present the (ariety of items category wise to the customer* &o get member information &o collect order information from the customer &o display the list of ordered items to the administrator*

1) &ISIT(R I TER.ACE
&his page of the E-MUSIC )(RLD application will be the first page to be displayed, when a person (isits the E-MUSIC )(RLD application* &his page will display a welcome message to facilitate na(igation through the application* &he functionalities pro(ided by the (isitor interface*

< 1* 2* 4* 9* 6* <* >* +bout us )ogin New user registration Search products #ntertainment =orgot assword )ogout

*) USER I TER.ACE
U1er Ho2ep-3e4 &he user home page is displayed to a user, when the user logs on to the #$M'S,C B1/)- application* 1nly registered users can (iew this home page* ,f non$registered users try to login then the application should display the error message, and it has to pro(ide a facility to register with the site* &his page has to show the welcome message to the user and in addition it will display (arious menus to facilitate na(igation through the application* &he functionalities pro(ided by the user interface are2 1* 3ome age* 2* Search C-s to buy* 4* +dd C-s to shopping cart* 9* Modify C-s to shopping cart* 6* -elete C-s from the shopping cart* <* Generate Bill* >* =eedback* @* Change assword* A* 3andling Messages* 17* )ogout*

3) ADMI ISTRAT(R I TER.ACE

&he administrator home page is displayed to administrator logs on to the -iamond Shipping application* +pplication has to automatically identify the administrator and also

> show the administrator related functionalities* +dministrator interface category will ha(e the following functionalities* &hey are2 1* 2* 4* 9* 6* <* >* @* A* +dd C-s to ,n(entory* Modify C-s to ,n(entory* -elete C-s from ,n(entory* -elete a 'ser* 0iew userEs messages* Sales /eports Send Messages to 'sers* )ogout* Change +dministrators and assword*

5) CREDIT CARD I TER.ACE4

&hrough this interface, application will (alidate credit card* #$M'S,C B1/)application will allow three types of credit card* &hey are 0isa Card, Master Card, and +me8 card F+merican #8pressG* +pplication will (alidate these cards in two le(els* 1* 0alidate credit card at client side using ")'3N algorithm%* 2* Check with Bank -atabase

#) E TERTAI ME T I TER.ACE
&his interface pro(ides the information about top ten films, new film etc* 'ser can (iew the new films and he5she can search the films based on film name or film id* 'ser can (ote for his fa(orite films* #ntertainment page contains the four types of functionalities* &hey are2 1* 0iew &op films* 2* 0iew New =ilms* 4* Search =ilms* 9* 0ote for fa(orite =ilms*

6) SH(PPI " CART I TER.ACE

Shopping cart contains the items that a user has selected for buying* &he shopping cart page of the #$M'S,C B1/)- application will display a list of products selected by the user* 'ser can add the items to their wish list by clicking the check bo8 ne8t to the items and then clicking on the add to wish list button, they can also specify the ;uality of the items* =unctionalities2 1* +dd roducts to Shopping cart* 2* Modify roducts to shopping cart* 4* -elete roducts from the Shopping cart*

6) SALES REP(RT I TER.ACE

&he #$M'S,C B1/)- application will allow administrator to (iew sales reports* ,t has the following functionalities* 1* &odayEs /eport* 2* /eport based on a particular -ate* 4* /eport based on a particular Month* 9* /eport based on a particular .ear* 6* /eport based on 1rder wise*

C/-pter * I TR(DUCTI( *$1 (r3-n+7-t+on Pro,+0e

Co2p-n8 -2e Co2p-n8 -2e ro(ider for a dynamic en(ironment where business and technology

strategies con(erge* 1ur approach focuses on new ways of business combining ,& inno(ation and adoption while also le(eraging an organi:ationHs current ,& assets* Be work with large global corporations and new generation technology companies $ to build new products or ser(ices and to implement prudent business and technology strategies in todayHs en(ironment* Co2p-n8 -2eEs range of e8pertise includes2 Software -e(elopment Ser(ices #ngineering Ser(ices Systems ,ntegration Customer /elationship Management Supply Chain Management roduct -e(elopment #lectronic Commerce Consulting ,& 1utsourcing

Be apply technology with inno(ation and responsibility to achie(e two broad ob!ecti(es2 #ffecti(ely address the business issues our patient face today Generate new opportunities that will help them stay ahead in the future

17 &his approach rests on2 + strategy where we +rchitect, ,ntegrate and Manage technology ser(ices and solutions I we call it +,M for success* + robust offshore de(elopment methodology and reduced demand on customer resources + focus on the use of reusable frameworks to pro(ide cost and time benefits

Be combine the best people, processes and technology to achie(e e8cellent results I consistently* Be offer patient the ad(antages of2

Spee94 Be understand the importance of timing, of getting there before the competition* + rich portfolio of reusable, modular frameworks helps !ump$start pro!ects* &ried and tested methodology ensures that we follow a predictable, low$risk path to achie(e results* 1ur track record is testimony to comple8 pro!ects deli(ered within and e(en before schedule*

E:pert+1e4 1ur teams combine cutting edge technology skills with rich domain e8pertise* BhatHs e;ually important I we share a strong customer orientation that means we actually start by listening to the customer* BeHre focused on coming up with solutions that ser(e customer re;uirements today and anticipate future needs* A .;00 Ser<+ce Port,o0+o4 Be offer user the ad(antage of being able to +rchitect, ,ntegrate and Manage technology ser(ices* &his means that they can rely on one, fully accountable source instead of trying to integrated #mployee Management System generate multi$specialty packages solutions*

11

(%=ECTI&E (. THE PR(=ECT

T/e 2-+n o>ject+<e1 o, ;1+n3 Re0-t+on-0 D-t->-1e M-n-3e2ent S81te2 -re -1 ,o00o?14 -

1* C( TR(L REDU DA CY 4 &he System should identify e8istence of

common data and a(oid duplicate recording relationships of pointers should be used to locate data which are used many times selecti(e redundancy is sometimes allowed to impro(e performance or far better reliability*

2* DATA I TE"RITY 4 Consistency of data (alues and relationships must be

preser(ed in order to achie(e this the system must ensure (alidity of data by using good editing, synchroni:e updating and propagating changes to other related data element it also in(ol(es maintaining audit trails to enable reco(ery if errors are deleted*

4* DATA SECURITY 4 &his is concerned with protecting access to data protection

is needed at many le(els for access, modification, deletion or display access restriction may be for indi(idual data items or group of items*

9* DATA%ASE PER.(RMA CE 4 &he system should be able to pro(ide timely

information as re;uired* &he cost of storing and retrie(ing the data should be commensurate with the (alue of information pro(ided*

6* MA A"EME T C( TR(L 4 +s the dependence of an organi:ation on a

data base increases positi(e management controls should be e8ercised o(er addition, deletion, changes and disposition of data must be protected to start legal accounting and auditing re;uirements*

12 The aim of this project i.e. E-Music System is all about music system from anywhere, anytime. The extra feature involved is our fund details which keeps the user in touch.our application is that it is secured in a way that only re istered user can enter this application which have valid password and id. Main Objectives are : The E-Music System is meant to keep the security of the admin and between the !ser. "fter lo in !ser can download our some attractive son s. #or premium son s user have to do online payment ,then he can download the son s. "dmin upload both type of son s i.e. #ree son s and $remium son s. The main concern of this project is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the whole system.

14

C/-pter 3 SYSTEM A ALYSIS

System +nalysis is first stage according to System -e(elopment )ife Cycle model* &his System +nalysis is a process that starts with the analyst* +nalysis is a detailed study of the (arious operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside the system* 1ne aspect of analysis is defining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not a candidate should consider other related systems* -uring analysis, data is collected from the a(ailable files, decision points, and transactions handled by the present system* )ogical system models and tools are used in analysis* &raining, e8perience, and common sense are re;uired for collection of the information needed to do the analysis*

3$1 E:+1t+n3 S81te2

#mployee Management System has been automated in 2774 using 3tml as front end and MS access as backend* &his system is well adopted but could cater only stores the complaints but could not send complaints* ,t re;uires lot of attention and risk from the userEs side* 1ther departments such as manager had not automated* So this ,ntranet solution pro(es to be e8tremely good* ,n the present system the #mployee has to login and he can (iew his task which is assign by admin* 3e also maintains the details of the old complaints* +dministrator cannot maintain old complaints in this system disad(antage is database* ,n this data base is ms access so thatEs why itEs old one* and last

3$3

Propo1e9 S81te2

roposed system are those that are automated, so that it is easy to retrie(e the responses from the system fast and updating the details once the response or ser(ices are pro(ided to the end$users upon their re;uest without any difficulty and sa(es time*

19 E-Music Systemusing ?S as front end and M.$SJ) as backend* &his system is 0ery good it stores the details of all #mployee* ,n the present system we can maintain the old complaints and also update the #mployee information* by using oracle we store the stored procedures, so that why we are using M.$ SJ)*

3$5 RE@URIEME TS A ALYSIS

&he re;uirement phase basically consists of three acti(ities2 1* /e;uirement +nalysis 2* /e;uirement Specification 4* /e;uirement 0alidation ReA;+re2ent An-081+14 /e;uirement +nalysis is a software engineering task that bridges the gap between system le(el software allocation and software design* ,t pro(ides the system engineer to specify software function and performance indicate softwareEs interface with the other system elements and establish constraints that software must meet* &he basic aim of this stage is to obtain a clear picture of the needs and re;uirements of the end$user and also the organi:ation* +nalysis in(ol(es interaction between the clients and the analysis* 'sually analysts research a problem from any ;uestions asked and reading e8isting documents* &he analysts ha(e to unco(er the real needs of the user e(en if they donEt know them clearly* -uring analysis it is essential that a complete and consistent set of specifications emerge for the system* 3ere it is essential to resol(e the contradictions that could emerge from information got from (arious parties* &his is essential to ensure that the final specifications are consistent*

16 ,t may be di(ided into 6 areas of effort* 1* roblem recognition 2* #(aluation and synthesis 4* Modeling 9* Specification /e(iew #ach /e;uirement analysis method has a uni;ue point of (iew* 3owe(er all analysis methods are related by a set of operational principles* &hey are2 1* &he information domain of the problem must be represented and understood* 2* &he functions that the software is to perform must be defined* 4* &he beha(ior of the software as a conse;uence of e8ternal e(ents must be defined* 9* &he models that depict information function and beha(ior must be partitioned in a hierarchical or layered fashion* 6* &he analysis #mployee Management System process must mo(e from essential information to implementation detail*

1<

3$# RE@UIREME T SPECI.ICATI(

Specification rinciples2 Software /e;uirements Specification plays an important role in creating ;uality software solutions* Specification is basically a representation process* /e;uirements are represented in a manner that ultimately leads to successful software implementation* /e;uirements may be specified in a (ariety of ways* 3owe(er there are some guidelines worth following2 $ /epresentation format and content should be rele(ant to the problem ,nformation contained within the specification should be nested -iagrams and other notational forms should be restricted in number and consistent in use* /epresentations should be re(isable*

So,t?-re ReA;+re2ent1 Spec+,+c-t+on14 &he software re;uirements specification #mployee Management System produced at the culmination of the analysis task* &he function and performance allocated to the software as a part of system engineering are refined by establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional and beha(ioral description, and indication of performance re;uirements and design constraints, appropriate (alidation criteria and other data pertinent to re;uirements* +n outline of the Software /e;uirements Specification2 + simplified outline can be gi(en for the framework of the specifications* according to the ,### Standards* &his is

3$6 .EASI%ILITY STUDY

1> +ll pro!ects are feasible, gi(en unlimited resources and infinite time* But the de(elopment of software E- Music System plagued by the scarcity of resources and difficult deli(ery rates* ,t is both necessary and prudent to e(aluate the feasibility of a pro!ect at the earliest possible time* &hree key considerations are in(ol(ed in the feasibility analysis*

Econo2+c .e-1+>+0+t84
&he E- Music System procedure is to determine the benefits and sa(ings that are e8pected from a candidate system and compare them with costs* ,f benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system* 1therwise, further !ustification or alterations in proposed system will ha(e to be made if it is to ha(e a chance of being appro(ed* &his is an ongoing effort that impro(es in accuracy at each phase of the system life cycle*

Tec/n+c-0 .e-1+>+0+t84
&echnical feasibility centers on the e8isting computer system Fhardware, software, etc*,G and to what e8tent it can support the proposed addition* ,f the budget is a serious constraint, then the pro!ect is !udged not feasible*

(per-t+on-0 .e-1+>+0+t82
eople are inherently resistant to change, and computers ha(e been known to facilitate change* ,t is understandable that the introduction of a candidate system re;uires special effort to educate, sell, and train the staff on new ways of conducting business*

1@

3$6 .EASI%ILITY STUDY I THE CY%ER SPACE PR(=ECT Tec/n+c-0 .e-1+>+0+t8

E- Music System is the product that is designed mainly on ?a(a* &he main reason behind choosing the ?a(a en(ironment is that, as the users* ,n order to post the ;ueries to related 1rgani:ation always re;uire ,nput screen which usually pro(ides ser(ices all around the time* Such en(ironment that always gi(es instant reply to the users should support input screen* &hese re;uirements are satisfied by ?a(a, as it is multi platform en(ironment supports web Browser where as other languages lack these features* ,n order user to continuously communicate he5she needs a reliable protocol i*e*, is &C 5, protocol* &he Music System protocol fre;uently transfers messages between client and user* Communication Standards such as 3&& is used *+n 3&& is a client5ser(er interaction consists of a single re;uest5reply interchange, it user$friendly en(ironment*

Econo2+c .e-1+>+0+t8
+s E-Music System which pro(ides continuous communication to users at the front end, pro(ides solutions to different ;ueries to (arious different problems as get from the use of different product* +nd the solutions for their ;ueries are sent to them by messaging to their sites within the e8piry time or the time mentioned i*e*, within 12hrs or 29hrs*

(per-t+on-0 .e-1+>+0+t8
1perations done in the E-Music System are (ery fast and are able to succeed in sending the responses (ery fastly* 'pdating is done (ery ;uickly that the modified data is stored in the database in no time* ,ts supports up to fi(e hundred simultaneously users against the central database at any gi(en time*

1A

C/-pter 5 SYSTEM DESI"

&he most creati(e and challenging phase of the life cycle is system design* &he term design describes a final system and the process by which it is de(eloped* ,t refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementations of the candidate system* &he design may be defined as "the process of applying (arious techni;ues and principles for the purpose of defining a de(ice, a process or a system with sufficient details to permit its physical reali:ation%* &he designerEs goal is how the output is to be produced and in what format* Samples of the output and input are also presented* Second input data and database files ha(e to be designed to meet the re;uirements of the proposed output* &he processing phases are handled through the program Construction and &esting* =inally, details related to !ustification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organi:ation are documented and e(aluated by management as a step toward implementation* &he importance of software design can be stated in a single word "Juality * -esign pro(ides us with representations of software that can be assessed for ;uality* -esign is the only way where we can accurately translate a customerEs re;uirements into a complete software product or system* Bithout design we risk building an unstable system that might fail if small changes are made* ,t may as well be difficult to test, or could be one whoEs ;uality canEt be tested* So it is an essential phase in the de(elopment of a software product*

5$1 Project Mo9;0e1

-ifferent Modules ,n Computeri:ed System

Mo9;0e 14 P-11?or9 Mo9;0e

,n this module, Member enters a password and the software checks its (alidity* ,f the password is (alid then he is allowed to enter, otherwise ",n(alid 'ser5 assword% message

27 is displayed* -ifferent data access rights are assigned to different users* + new member can also be registered in this module*

Mo9;0e *4 e? U1er Re3+1tr-t+on Mo9;0e

,n this module new user can submit his personal details regarding the userEs email id, password, contact no, date of birth etc*

Mo9;0e 3 A99 Son31 Mo9;0e

,n this module admin can add the new Songs details which is (iew by user *

Mo9;0e 54 U1er 0+1t Mo9;0e

,n this module, +dmin can (iew the user list* ,t is the details of registered manager like name ,email id, contact no and country etc*

Mo9;0e #4 C/-n3e P-11?or9 Mo9;0e

,n this module, user can change password* But user has to login to first of all login into their account*

Mo9;0e #4 P-82ent Mo9;0e

,n this module, user can do online payment if he want to download our some attracti(e premium songs* aG 3ome2$ ,n this sub$module pro!ect demonstration and o(er(iew of our pro!ects bG +bout the ro!ect ,n this sub$module we are try to demonstrate our pro!ect* cG Contact us ,n this sub$module we gi(e the list of who is make pro!ect under the guidance*

21

5$* DICTI( ARY

&he logical characteristics of current systems data stores, including name, description, aliases, contents, and organi:ation, identifies processes where the data are used and where immediate access to information re;uired, Ser(es as the basis for identifying database re;uirements during system design*

U1e1 o, D-t- D+ct+on-r84

1* 2* 4* 9* 6* &o manage the details in large systems* &o communicate a common meaning for all system elements* &o -ocument the features of the system* &o facilitate analysis of the details in order to e(aluate characteristics and determine where system changes should be made* &o locate errors and omissions in the system*

DATA.L() DIA"RAMS (D.D)

&he data flow diagram is used for classifying system re;uirements to ma!or transformation that will become programs in system design* &his is starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the re;uired specifications down to the lower le(el of details* ,t consists of a series of bubbles !oined together by lines* Bubbles2 /epresent the data transformations* )ines2 /epresents the logic flow of data*

22 -ata can trigger e(ents and can be processed to useful information* System analysis recogni:es the central goal of data in organi:ations* &his dataflow analysis tells a great deal about organi:ation ob!ecti(es are accomplished* -ataflow analysis studies the use of data in each acti(ity* ,t documents this finding in -=-Es* -ataflow analysis gi(e the acti(ities of a system from the (iewpoint of data where it originates how they are used or hanged or where they go, including the stops along the way from their destination* &he components of dataflow strategy span both re;uirements determination and systemEs design* &he first part is called dataflow analysis* +s the name suggests, we didnEt use the dataflow analysis tools e8clusi(ely for the analysis stage but also in the designing phase with documentation*

24

(TATI( S USED I DATA .L() DIA"RAMS

&he logic dataflow diagrams can be drawn using only four simple notations i*e*, special symbols or icons and the annotation that associates them with a specific system* Since the choice of notation we follow, does not affect impede or cataly:e the system processK we used three symbols from .1'/-1N notation and one from Gain and Sarson notation as specified below* #lement /eferences -ata =low rocess rocess -ata Store symbols

Source or Sink -escription2 rocess2 describes how input data is con(erted to output -ata -ata Store2 -escribes the repositories of data in a system

29 -ata =low2 -escribes the data flowing between process, -ata stores and e8ternal entities* Sources2 +n e8ternal entity causing the origin of data* Sink2 +n e8ternal entity, which consumes the data*

Conte8t -iagram2
&he top$le(el diagram is often called a " context diagram* ,t contains a single process, but it plays a (ery important role in studying the current system* &he conte8t diagram defines the system that will be studied in the sense that it determines the boundaries* +nything that is not inside the process identified in the conte8t diagram will not be part of the system study* ,t represents the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows respecti(ely* &ypes of data flow diagrams -=-s are two types 1* hysical -=Structured analysis states that the current system should be first understand correctly* &he physical -=- is the model of the current system and is used to ensure that the current system has been clearly understood* hysical -=-s shows actual de(ices, departments, people etc*, in(ol(ed in the current system 2* )ogical -=)ogical -=-s are the model of the proposed system* &hey Clearly should show the re;uirements on which the new system Should be built* )ater during design acti(ity this is taken as the Basis for drawing the systemEs structure charts*

26

5$3 D-t- ,0o? D+-3r-21

Cero )e(el #$Music +dmin

'ser

,d, password ;uery

/esponses of Jueries =ig29*1

Conte8t )e(el ,d, password L;uery /esponses of Jueries

'ser

'ser

=ig29*2

2<

.+r1t 0e<e0 (U1er Mo9;0e)

wd, 'sername ,f post the problem

'pdated Successfully

2*7

'ser

1*7 )ogin process

)ogout

-ownload =ree Songs

4*7

My +ccount information

9*7 1nline ayment

2>

=ig29*4

.+r1t 0e<e0 (A92+n Mo9;0e)

wd, 'sername ,f post the problem

'pdated Successfully

2*7

+dmin

1*7 )ogin process

)ogout

'pload Songs

4*7

ayments -etails

9*7 /eports

2@

=ig29*9

'S# C+S# -,+G/+M

2A

Login

Upload songs

Payment Admin Registration Manager

Download songs

fig29*6

47

E-R D+-3r-2
date
contac t uname userdetails pid

'ser
id

ay rofile

ayment

3ire
Borkfor

Borksund er

-ownload

Manage r -etails

'pload =und
'plo ad

sid

sdetails

+dmin /eport
=eedback )ist

Songs

date

=ig29*<

41

5$# HARD)ARE A D S(.T)ARE RE@UIREME TS

3ard ware Specification2

rocessor rocessor Speed /+M 3ard -isk Software Specification2

2 2 2 2

,ntel $,,, based system 267 M3: to @44M3: <9MB to 26<MB 2GB to 47GB

)anguage -atabase 1perating System

2 2 2

?-D 1*6, Net beans <*A My S;l 6*7 +ny 1perating System*

42

C/-pter # S(.T)ARE TESTI "

Software &esting is a critical element of software ;uality assurance and represents the ultimate re(iew of specification, design and coding, &esting presents an interesting anomaly for the software engineer* &esting 1b!ecti(es include2 1* &esting is a process of e8ecuting a program with the intent of finding an error 2* + good test case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undisco(ered error 4* + successful test is one that unco(ers an undisco(ered error

&esting rinciples2 +ll tests should be traceable to end user re;uirements &ests should be planned long before testing begins &esting should begin on a small scale and progress towards testing in large #8hausti(e testing is not possible &o be most effecti(e testing should be conducted by a independent third party

&#S&,NG S&/+&#G,#S
+ Strategy for software testing integrates software test cases into a series of well planned steps that result in the successful construction of software* Software testing is a broader topic for what is referred to as 0erification and 0alidation* 0erification refers to

44 the set of acti(ities that ensure that the software correctly implements a specific function* 0alidation refers he set of acti(ities that ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to customerEs re;uirements

'nit &esting2
'nit testing focuses (erification effort on the smallest unit of software design that is the module* 'sing procedural design description as a guide, important control paths are tested to unco(er errors within the boundaries of the module* &he unit test is normally white bo8 testing oriented and the step can be conducted in parallel for multiple modules*

,ntegration &esting2
,ntegration testing is a systematic techni;ue for constructing the program structure, while conducting test to unco(er errors associated with the interface* &he ob!ecti(e is to take unit tested methods and build a program structure that has been dictated by design*

&op$down ,ntegration2
&op down integrations is an incremental approach for construction of program structure* Modules are integrated by mo(ing downward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the main control program* Modules subordinate to the main program are incorporated in the structure either in the breath$first or depth$first manner*

Bottom$up ,ntegration2
&his method as the name suggests, begins construction and testing with atomic modules i*e*, modules at the lowest le(el* Because the modules are integrated in the

49 bottom up manner the processing re;uired for the modules subordinate to a gi(en le(el is always a(ailable and the need for stubs is eliminated*

0alidation &esting2
+t the end of integration testing software is completely assembled as a package* 0alidation testing is the ne8t stage, which can be defined as successful when the software functions in the manner reasonably e8pected by the customer* /easonable e8pectations are those defined in the software re;uirements specifications* ,nformation contained in those sections form a basis for (alidation testing approach*

System &esting2
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully e8ercise the computer$based system* +lthough each test has a different purpose, all work to (erify that all system elements ha(e been properly integrated to perform allocated functions*

Security &esting2
+ttempts to (erify the protection mechanisms built into the system*

erformance &esting2
&his method is designed to test runtime performance of software within the conte8t of an integrated system*

46

C/-pter 6 S(.T)ARE T((LS USED ),=# C.C)# M1-#)S

&he stage of planning and de(elopment process in(ol(es defining, de(eloping, testing, deli(ering, operating, and maintaining a software product* -ifferent lifecycle models emphasi:e different aspects and no single lifecycle model is suitable for all software products* + lifecycle model that is understood and accepted impro(es pro!ect communication and enhances pro!ect manageability, resource allocation, cost control, and product ;uality* &he hased )ife Cycle Model &he phased lifecycle model represents software lifecycle as a series of successi(e acti(ities* &he #mployee Management Systemhas re;uires well$defined input information, processes and results in well$defined products* &he phased lifecycle model consists of following phases* +nalysis, -esign, ,mplementation, System &esting and Maintenance &his model is sometimes called the Baterfall Model, the products cascade from one le(el to another in smooth progression*

+nalysis

-esign

,mplementation System

Maintenance

4< &esting lanning, 'ser needs -efinition -esign -etails Code, debug and &est ,ntegration L +cceptance #nhance, =i8 +dapt =ig2<*1 &he +nalysis Stage consists of lanning and /e;uirements definition* + feasibility study, de(eloping a recommended solution strategy, determining the acceptance criteria and planning de(elopment process* &he products of planning are a System definition and a pro!ect plan* &he Software -esign follows analysis* -esign is concerned with its software components, specifying relationships among components specifying some structure, maintaining a record of design decisions and pro(iding blueprint implementation phase* -esign consists of detailed design and +rchitectural design* &he implementation phase of software de(elopment in(ol(es translation of design specification into source code, and debugging, documenting and unit testing the source code* &o enhance the ;uality of the software the methods are structured control constructs, built in and user defined data types, secure type checking, fle8ible scope rules e8ception handling mechanism, concurrency constructs and separates compilation modules* System &esting in(ol(es two kinds of testing integration testing and acceptance testing* -e(eloping a strategy for integrating the components of a software system into a functioning re;uires careful planning so that modules are a(ailable for integration when

4> needed* +cceptance testing in(ol(es planning and e8ecution of (arious tests in order to demonstrate that the implemented system satisfies the re;uirement document* &he Maintenance phase comes after the acceptance of the product by the customer and release of the system for production work* Maintenance acti(ities include enhancements of capabilities, adaptation of software to new processing en(ironments, and correction of software bugs* &he #mployee Management Systempro!ect follows the hased )ife Cycle Model or the Bater =all model to a large e8tent* &he analysis stage consisted of listening to the needs and re;uirements of the e8amination department obtaining the re;uired format of the system as desired by them, taking the re;uired data to be stored for future use etc*, ,n the design stage the structure of the system was designed and all the re;uired Screens were formatted* &his was then shown to the officerEs appro(al and the system was built* ,mplementation phase was done at /,&30, ,N=1/M+&,CS as they pro(ided a computer with all the re;uired software and with re;uired configuration* &he coding and debugging was done* #(en after this stage certain changes were made as re;uested by the guide* &he testing was done to check for any errors or bugs or unwanted beha(ior in the system* ,ndi(idual modules as well as the whole system were tested separately*

C/-pter 6

4@

TECH ICAL (TES IMPLEME TATI(

&he ,nternet helped catapult ?a(a to the forefront of programming, and ?a(a, in turn, has had a profound effect on the ,nternet* &he reason for this is ;uite simple2 ?a(a e8pands the uni(erse of ob!ects that can mo(e about freely in the aper )ess 3ospital* ,n a network, two (ery broad categories of ob!ects are transmitted between the ser(er and our computer passi(e information and dynamic, acti(e programs* +s desirable as dynamic, networked programs are, they also present serious problems in the areas of security and portability* ?a(a achie(es this security or protection by confining a ?a(a program to the ?a(a e8ecution en(ironment and not allowing it to access to other parts of the computer* Many types of the computers and operating systems are in use throughout the world and many are connected to the ,nternet* =or programs to be dynamically downloaded to all the (arious types of platforms connected to the ,nternet, some means of generating portable e8ecutable code is needed* ?a(a was designed to be easy for the professional programmers to learn and use efficiently* &he ob!ect model of ?a(a is simple and easy to e8tend, while simple types, such as integers are kept as high$performance non$ob!ects*

&he multiplatform en(ironment of the web places e8traordinarily

demands on a

program, because the program must e8ecute reliably in a (ariety of systems* &hus, the ability to create robust programs was gi(en a high priority in the design of ?a(a* +t the same time, ?a(a frees us from ha(ing to worry about many of the most common cause of programming errors* Because ?a(a is strictly typed language, it checks our code at the compile time and also at run$time*

4A ?a(a was designed to meet the real world re;uirements of creating interacti(e, Networked programs* ?a(a supports multithreaded programming, which allows us to write programs that do many things simultaneously* + central issue for the ?a(a designers was that of code longe(ity and portability* &heir goal was "write onceK run anywhere, any time , fore(er "* ?a(a enables the creation of the cross$platform programs by compiling into intermediate representation called ?a(abytecode* &his code can be interpreted on any system that pro(ides a !a(a (irtual machine* ?a(a is designed for the distributed en(ironment of the ,nternet, because it handles &C 5, protocols* ,n fact, accessing a resource using a '/) is not much different from accessing a file* &he original (ersion of ?a(a F1+DG included features for intra$address$space messaging* ?a(a programs carry with them substantial amounts of the run$time type information that is used to (erify and resol(e accesses to ob!ects at run$time* &his makes it possible to dynamically link code in a safe and e8pedient manner*

+B1'& ,N&#/N#& +N- ,N&/+N#&

&echnologically, the ,nternet is network of computers* Not !ust a few special Computers, but o(er nine million of all kinds of computers* Similarly it is not !ust a network, but a network of networks hence the name and using &C 5, Ftransmission control protocol and internet protocolG* ,nternet is the name for a (ast, worldwide system consisting of people, information and computers* ,nternet is global communication system of di(erse, ,N&#/ connected computer N#&B1/D for the e8change of information of (irtually e(ery concei(able topic known to man* ,nternet is not !ust one thing* ,t is a lot of things to lot of people* ,n todayEs world it is one of the most important commodity of life* &he ,nternet is more important in what it enables than what it is, more of a phenomenon than fact* ,ntranet

97

&he classical definition of ,ntranet is the application of the ,nternet technologies to the internal business applications media most refer to the ,ntranet in terms of applying web technologies to information systems in the organi:ation*

+B1'& ?-BC F?+0+ -+&+ B+S# C1NN#C&,1NG

,t is a !a(a data base connecti(ity ha(ing data base as a back$end of !a(a as front end* -atabase is a collecti(ity of related data* + data base management system F-BMSG controls the storage or retrie(al of data in the database* &he main use of this ?-BC is the database connecti(ity* 'sing dri(ers we can get connection to the back$end2 1*which dri(e we are going to connect back$end* 2*create a data source name FdsnG* 4*create a statement for connection* &he package we use here is import !a(a* S;l* M ,nterfaces of !dbc include dri(er, connection, and statementK prepare statement, callable statement, /esult Set, /esult Set Meta data* Classes of ?-BC are dri(er manages, dri(er property information, date, time, and timestamp, type* &he dri(er defined by the class?dbc odbc dri(er in package sun*!dbc*odbc* Class sun*!dbc*odbc*!dbc odbc dri(er represents the !dbc to odbc bridge dri(er*

+B1'& S#/0)#&S
Ser(let is ser(er side applet* ,t contains se(eral ad(antages* &hey are2

91 erformance is significantly better* Ser(lets e8ecute within the address space of the web ser(er* Creating a separate process to handle each client re;uest isnEt necessary* Ser(lets are platform$independent, because they are written in ?a(a* Se(eral web ser(ers, from (endors such as sun, Netscape, and Microsoft, offer the ser(let + , rograms de(eloped for this + , can be mo(ed to any of these en(ironments without recompilation* &he !a(a security manager on the ser(er enforces a set of restrictions to protect the resources on a ser(er machine* &he full functionality of the ?a(a class libraries is a(ailable to a ser(let* ,t can communicate with applets, databases, or other software (ia the sockets and /M, mechanisms* &he )ifecycle of a ser(let2 &hree methods are central to the lifecycle of a ser(let2 init FG, ser(iceF G, and destroyF G* =irst, assume that a user enters a 'niform /esource )ocator F'/)G to the web browser* &he web browser then generates an 3&& re;uest for this '/) and sends it to the appropriate ser(er* Second the web ser(er recei(es this 3&& re;uest* &he ser(er maps this re;uest to particular ser(let* &he ser(let is dynamically retrie(ed and loaded into the address space of the ser(er* &hird, the ser(er in(okes the initF G method of the ser(let* &his method is in(oked only when the ser(let is first loaded into the memory* =ourth, the ser(er in(okes the ser(let ser(iceF G method , which is called to process the 3&& re;uest* &he ser(iceF G method is called for each 3&& re;uest* &wo packages are re;uired to build the ser(let they are !a(a8*ser(let and !a(a8*sre(let*http* &hey constitute of ser(let + ,* Ser(let/e;uest interface is used to read the data from a client7re;uest and ser(let/esponse is used to write data to the client response* &he !a(a8*sre(let*http package include interfaces like 3ttpSer(let/e;uest whish enables ser(lets to read data from 3&& re;uest and

3ttpSer(let/esponse which enables ser(lets to write data from 3&& response*

Intro9;ct+on to HTML

92 &he hyperte8t markup language F3&M)G is a simple markup language* 'sed to create a hyperte8t documents that are portable from one platform to another 3&M) documents are SGM) FStandard generali:ed mark up languageG documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of applications* &his specification defines 3&M) (ersion 4*2* 3&M) 4*2 aims to capture recommended practice as of early EA< and as such a replacement for 3&M)2*7 F/=C 1@<<G* + set of instructions embedded in a document is called mark up language* &hese instructions describe what the document te8t means and how it should look like in a d aper )ess 3ospitallay* 3yper &e8t Mark 'p language F3&M)G is the language used to encode Borld Bide Beb documents*

B3. &1 'S# 3&M)N

Bebsite is a collection of pages, publications, and documents that reside on web ser(er* Bhile these pages publications and a document as a formatted in a single format, you should use 3&M) for home page and all primary pages in the site* &his will enable the millions of web users can easily access and to take ad(antage of your website* 3&M) is considered first for formatting any new material you plan to publish on the web* 3&M) documents are platform independent, meaning that they donEt confirm to any standard* ,f they are created properly you can mo(e home page to any ser(er platform or you can access them with any complaint www browser*

S&/'C&'/# 1= 3&M)
3&M) elements perform a defined task* 3&M) uses two types of elements * #mpty &ags * Container &ags &hese tags differ because of what they represent* #mpty tags represent formatting constricts such as line breaks and hori:ontal rules* Container tags define a section of te8t,

94 formats and dot all of the selected te8t* + container tag has both a beginning and an ending*

3&M) )+.1'&2
+n 3&M) document consists of te8t, which comprises the content of the document and tags, which, defines the structure, and appearance of the document* &he structure of an 3&M) document is simple, consists of outer* O3&M)Ptag enclosing the document header and body O3&M)P O3#+-P O&,&)#Pthe title of 3&M) documentO5&,&)#P O53#+-P OB1-.P &his is where the actual 3&M) documents &e8t lies, which is d aper )ess 3ospitallayed in the browser O5B1-.P O53&M)P #ach document has a head and body delimited by the O3#+-P and OB1-.P tag* &he head is where you gi(e your 3&M) document a title and where you indicate other parameters the browser may use when d aper )ess 3ospitallaying the document* &his includes the te8t for d aper )ess 3ospitallaying the te8t* &ag also references special and indicates the hot spots that link your document to other documents*

3&M) =1/MS2

99 Creating a form usually in(ol(es two independent steps2 Creating the layout for the form itself and then writing a script program on the ser(er side to process the formation you get back from a form* &o create a form, .ou use the O=1/MP tag* ,nside the opening and closing =1/M tags are each of the indi(idual form elements plus any other 3&M) content to create a layout for that form* &he opening tag of the =1/M element usually includes the attributes2 M#&31and +C&,1N* &he M#&31- attributes can be either G#& or 1S& which determines how your form data is sent to the script to process it* &he +C&,1N attribute is a pointer to the script that processes the form on the ser(er side* &he +C&,1N can be included by a relati(e path or by a full '/) to a script on your ser(er or somewhere else* =or e8ample, the following O=1/MP tag would call a script called form$name in cgi$bin directory on ser(er www*myser(ser*com O=1/M MethodQ post actionQhttp255www*mytser(ser*com5cgi$bin5form$name*plP RRRRRR* O5=1/MP

M#&31- +&&/,B'&#2
&he other re;uired attribute for the OformP tag sets the methods by which the browser formEs data to the ser(er for processing* &here are two ways2 the 1S& method and G#& method* Bith 1S& method, the browser sends the data in two steps2 the browser first contacts the form$processing ser(er specified in the action attributes, and once contact is made, sends the data*

96 &he G#& method in the other hand, contacts the form processing ser(er and sends the form data in a single transaction step2 the browser appends the data to the formEs action '/), separated by the ;uestion mark FNG character*

I TR(DUCTI( T( =A&A C/#+&,1N 1= ?+0+

?a(a was concei(ed by ?ames Gosling, atrick Naughton, Chris Barth, #d =rank and

Mike Sheridan at S'N Microsystems ,ncorporation in the year 1AA1*,t took 1@ months to de(elop the 1st working (ersion* &his language was initially called "1+D%, but was renamed "?+0+% in 1AA6, many more contributed to the design and e(olution of the language*

?+0+ 10#/0,#B
?a(a is a powerful but lean ob!ect$oriented programming language* ,t has generated a lot of e8citement because it makes it possible to program for ,nternet by creating +pplets* rograms that can be embedded in web page* &he conte8t of an applet can be an animation with sound, an interacti(e game or a ticker tape* Bith constantly updated stock prices* +pplets can be !ust little decorations to li(en up web page, or they can be serious applications like Bord processor or Spreadsheet* But ?a(a is more than a programming language for writing +pplets* ,t is being used more and more for writing standalone applications as well* ,t is becoming so popular that many people belie(e it will become standard language for both general purpose and ,nternet programming*

9< &here are many bu::words associated with ?a(a, but because of its spectacular growth in popularity, a new bu::word has appeared ubi;uitous* ,ndeed, all indications are that it will soon be e(erywhere* ?a(a builds on the strength of CSS* ,t has taken the best features of CSS and discarded the more problematic and error prone parts* &o this lean core, it has added garbage collection Fautomatic memory managementG, multithreading Fthe capacity for one program to do more than one thing at a timeG, security capabilities* &his result is that ?a(a is simple, elegant, and powerful and easy$to$use* ?a(a is actually a platform consisting of 4 components2 1* ?a(a rogramming )anguage* 2* ?a(a )ibrary of Classes and ,nterfaces* 4* ?a(a 0irtual Machine &he following sections will say more about these components*

?+0+ + #/ )#SS 31S ,&+)1/&+B)#2

1ne of the biggest ad(antages ?a(a offers is that it aper )ess 3ospitalortable* +n application written in ?a(a will run on all the ma!or platforms* +ny computer with a ?a(a$ based browser can run the applications or +pplets written in the ?a(a$ rogramming$ )anguage* + programmer no longer has to write one program to run on a Macintosh, another program to run on a Bindows$machine still another to run on a 'N,T$machine and so on* ,n other words, with ?a(a de(elopers write their programs only once* &he 0irtual Machine is what gi(es ?a(a is cross platform capabilities* /ather being compiled into machine language, which is different for each 1SEs and computer architecture, ?a(a code is compiled into Byte codes* Bith other languages, the program code is compiled into a language that the computer can understand* &he problem is that other computers with different machine

9> instruction set cannot understand that language* ?a(a code on the other hand is compiled into Byte$Code rather than a machine language* &hese byte codes go to the ?0M, which e8ecutes them directly or translates them into the language that is understood by the machine running it* ,n summary, these means that with the ?-BC + , e8tending ?a(a, a programmer writing ?a(a code can access all the ma!or /-BMS on any platform that supports the ?0M*

?+0+ ,S 1B?#C&$1/,#N&#&he ?a(a programming language is 1B?#C&$1/,#N&#-, which makes program design focus on what you are dealing with, rather than on how your are going to do something* &his makes it more useful for programming in sophisticated pro!ects, because one can break the things into understandable components* + big benefit is that these components can then be reused* 1b!ect$1riented )anguages use the paradigm of classes* ,n simplest term, a class includes both the data and the functions to operate on data* .ou can create an instance of a class, also called an ob!ect, which will ha(e all the data members and functionality of its class* Because of this, you can think of a class as being like template, with each ob!ect being a specific instance of a particular type of class* &he class paradigm allows one to encapsulate data so that specific data (alues are those using the data cannot see the function implementation* #ncapsulation makes it possible to make the changes in code without breaking other programs that use that code* ,f for e8ample, the implementation of a function is changed, the change is in(isible to any programmer who in(okes that function, and does not affect his5her program, e8cept hopefully to impro(e it* ?a(a includes inheritance, or the ability to deri(e new classes from e8isting classes* &he deri(ed class, is also called as Sub$Class, inherits all the data in the functions of the e8isting class*

?+0+ -#01) M#N& #0N,/1NM#N&

9@ &o code, edit, debug and test the !a(a programs, one needs to ha(e a !a(a de(elopment en(ironment* +t the minimum this will consists of a !a(a compiler interpreter and applet (iewer where applets can be tested* SunEs !a(a de(elopment kit F?-DG latest (ersion is 2*2 can be freely downloaded from the ,nternet* ?a(a compiler is a(ailable on -1S, BinA6, B,NEN&, Solaris and M+C etc*

9A

Intro9;ct+on to =-<-Scr+pt ?a(aScript2

?a(aScript is a new scripting language for Beb ages* Scripts written with !a(a script can be embedded into your 3&M) pages* Bith !a(a script you ha(e many Some effects that are now possibilities for enhancing your 3&M) page with interesting elements* =or e8ample you are able to respond to user$initiated e(ents ;uite easily* possible with !a(a script were some time ago only possible with CG,* So you can create really sophisticated pages with the helps of !a(a script on the ,nternet*

-ifference between !a(a and ?a(a Script

+lthough the names are almost the same ?a(a is not the same as ?a(a Script* &hese are two different techni;ues for ,nternet programming* ?a(a aper )ess 3ospitalrogramming language* ?a(aScript is a scripting language as the name implies* &he difference is that we can create real programs with !a(a* But !a(a script in not real programming* ?a(a Script is meant to be easy to understand and easy to use* ?a(aScript authors should not ha(e to care too much about programming* Be could say that ?a(a Script is rather an e8tension to 3&M) than a separate computer language* 1f course this is not the official definition but it makes it easier to understand the difference between !a(a and !a(a script*

3ow can ?a(a Script scripts runN

&he first browser to support !a(a script was the Netscape Na(igator 2*7 of course the higher (ersions do ha(e !a(a script as well* .ou might know that !a(a does not run on all Netscape Na(igators 2*7 For higher (ersionsG (ersions* But this is not true for !a(a script $although there are some problems with the different (ersions*

67 &he Mac (ersion for e8ample seems to ha(e many bugs* ,n the near future there are going to be some other browsers, which support !a(a script* &he Microsoft ,nternet e8plorer 4*7 is going to support !a(a script* ?a(aScript enabled browsers are going to spread soon $ it is worth learning this new techni;ue now* .ou might reali:e that is really easy to write ?a(a Script scripts* Be ha(e to know is some basic techni;ues and some work$around for problems you might encounter* 1f course we need a basic* 'nderstanding 3&M) before reading this tutorial you can find many really good online resources about 3&M)* Best you make an online search about UhtmlE at yahoo if you want to get informed about 3&M)* Now , want to show some small scripts so you can learn how they are implemented into 3&M)$documents and to show which possibilities you ha(e with the new scripting language* &he following is a (ery small script, which will only print a te8t into an 3&M) document* OhtmlP OheadP My first ?a(aScript O5headP ObodyPObrP &his is a normal 3&M) document ObrP Oscript languageQ%?a(aScript%P -ocument*write F"this is a !a(a script%G O5scriptPOb rP Backing 3&M) again O5bodyP O5htmlP ,f you are using a !a(a script enabled$browser at the moment then you will ha(e the possibility to see this script working* ,f your browser doesnEt support ?a(a Script then this output might be some kind of strangeR &his is a normal 3&M) document

61 &his is !a(a scriptV Back in 3&M) again*

.;nct+on1
=unctions are bet declared between the O3eadP tag of 3&M) page* =unctions are called by user$initiated e(ents* Seems reasonable to keep the functions between the O3eadP tags* &hey are loaded first before a user can do anything that might call a function* Scripts can be placed between inside comment fields to ensure that older browser do not d aper )ess 3ospitallay the script itself* OhtmlP OheadP Oscript languageQ%?a(aScript%P function pushbutton FGW alert F"3elloV%GK X O5scriptP O5headP ObodyP OformP Oinput typeQ%button% nameQ%Button1% (alueQ%push me% onclickQ%pushbutton FG%P O5formP O5bodyP O5htmlP ,f we want to test this one immediately and you are using a ?a(a Script enabled browser then please go ahead and push the button* &his script will create a button and when you press it a window will pop up saying "helloV%* ,n fact we ha(e a lot of possibilities !ust by adding functions to our scripts*

62 &he common browsers transmit the form information by either method2 hereEs the complete tag including the G#& transmission method attribute for the pre(ious form #8ample O=orm method QG#& actionQhttp255www*mycompany*com5cgi$bin5upfdate*plP RRR O5formP ,nput elements* 'se the OinputP tag to define any one of a number of common form elements including te8t fields multiple choice lists click able images and submission buttons* &here are many attributers for this tag only that types and name attributes are re;uired for each element, each type of input element uses only a subset of the followed attributes* +dditional OinputP attributes may be re;uired based upon which type of the form element you specify* Submit button2 &he submit button FOinput typeQsubmitP G does what its name implies, settings in motion the formEs submission to the ser(er from the browser* Be many ha(e more than submit buttons will be added to the parameter list the browser sends along to the ser(er* #8ample O ,nput type Q%submit%P O,nput typeQ%submit% (alueQ%submit% nameQ%name%P /eset button2

64 &he reset button if firm OinputP button is nearly self$ e8planatoryK it lets the user reset erase or set to some default (alue all elements in the form* By default the browser d aper )ess 3ospitallays a reset button worth the label "reset%* Be can change that by specifying a (alue attribute with tour own button label*

,N&/1-'C&,1N &1 ?-BC

?-BC F?a(a -atabase connecti(ityG is a front$end tool for connecting to a ser(er to 1-BC in that respect, howe(er ?-BC can connect only !a(a client and it uses 1-BC for the connecti(ity* ?-BC is essentially a low$le(el + , since any data manipulation, storage and retrie(al has to be done by the program itself* Some tools, which pro(ide a higher$ le(el abstraction, are e8pected shortly* &he ne8t ;uestion that needs to be answered is why we need ?-BC, once we ha(e 1-BC on hand* Be can use the same 1-BC to connect the entire database and 1-BC is a pro(en technology* roblem for doing this is 1-BC gi(es a UcE language + ,, which uses pointers e8tensi(ely* Since !a(a does not ha(e any pointes and is ob!ect$oriented sun Microsystems, in(entor of !a(a de(eloped to suit its needs* /e;uirements to use ?-BC2 &o use ?-BC you need a basic knowledge of databases and SJ)*+ part from this you need the !dk1*1 F?a(a -e(elopment Dit1*1 a(ailable !a(asoftEs websiteG or a (ersion of ?a(a since !dk1*1 and abo(e come bundled with ?-BC software* +fter that you need to ha(e a back$end database engine for which a ?-BC dri(er is a(ailable* Bhen ?-BC dri(ers are not a(ailable ?-BC$1-BC bridge dri(ers are used to access the database through 1-BC* Back$end is not needed when ?-BC dri(er is capable of storing and retrie(ing the data itself, or if ?-BC$1-BC Bridge and the 1-BC dri(er can be used to store and retrie(e the information*

69

DATA%ASE M(DELS
?-BC and accessing the database through applets and ?-BC + , (ia an intermediate ser(er resulted ser(er resulted in a new type of database model which is different from the client$ser(er model* Based on number of intermediate ser(er through the re;uest should go it is named as single tire, two tire and multi tire architecture Single &ier ,n a single tier the ser(er and client are the same in the sense that a client program that needs information FclientG and the source of this type of architecture is also possible in !a(a, in case flat files are used to store the data* 3owe(er this is useful only in case of small applications* &he ad(antage with this is the simplicity and portability of the application de(eloped

Ser(er and client

-atabase

=ig2>*1 &wo &ier Fclient$ser(erG ,n two tier architecture the database resides in one machine and client in different machine they are connected through the network* ,n this type of architecture a database management takes control of the database and pro(ides access to clients in a network* &his software bundle is also called as the ser(er* Software in different machines, re;uesting for information are called as the clients*

66

Ser(er

Client

-atabase Client

=ig2>*2

T/ree T+er -n9 -T+er

,n the three$tier architecture, any number ser(ers can access the database that resides on ser(er* Bhich in turn ser(e clients in a network* =or e8ample, you want to access the database using !a(a applets, the applet running in some other machine, can send re;uest only to the ser(er from which it is down loaded* =or this reason we will need to ha(e a intermediate ser(er which will accept the re;uests from applets and them to the actual database ser(er* &his intermediate ser(er acts as a two$way communication channel also* &his is the information or data from the database aper )ess 3ospitalassed on to the applet that is re;uesting it* &his can be e8tended to make n tiers of ser(ers, each ser(er carrying to specific type of re;uest from clients, howe(er in practice only 4 tiers architecture aper )ess 3ospitalopular*

6<

?-BC -ri(er &ypes2

&he ?-BC dri(ers that we are aware of at this time fit into one of four categories2

1* ?-BC$1-BC B/,-G# )'S 1-BC -/,0#/

&he !a(a soft bridge product pro(ides ?-BC access (ia 1-BC dri(ers* Note that 1-BC binary code end in many cases database client code must be loaded on each client machine that uses this dri(er* +s a result, this kind of dri(er is most appropriate on a corporate network where client installations are not ma!or problem, or for application ser(er code written in !a(a in a 4$tier architecture*

2* N+&,0# + , +/&).$?+0+ -/,0#/

&his kind of dri(er con(erts ?-BC calls into calls on the client + , for oracle Sybase, ,nformi8, -B2, or other -BMS* Note that, like the bridge dri(er, this style of dri(er re;uires that some binary code be loaded on each client machine*

4* ?-BC$N#& +))$?+0+ -/,0#/

&his dri(er translates ?-BC calls into a -BMS independent net protocol, which is then translated, to a -BMS protocol by a ser(er* &his net ser(er middle$ware is able to connect its all !a(a clients to many different databases* &he Specific protocol used depends on the (endor* ,n general, this most fle8ible ?-BC alternati(e* ,t is likely that all (endors of this solution will pro(ide products suitable for intranet use* ,n order for these products to also support ,nternet access, they must handle the additional re;uirements for security, access through firewalls, etc that the web imposes* Se(eral (endors are adding ?-BC dri(ers to their e8isting database middleware products*

9* N+&,0# /1&1C1) +))$?+0+ -/,0#/

6> &his kind of dri(er con(erts ?-BC calls into the network protocol used by -BMS directory* &his allows a direct call from the client machine to the -BMS ser(er that aper )ess 3ospitalractical solution for intranet access* Since many of these protocols are proprietary, the database (endors themsel(es will be the primary source* Se(eral database (endors ha(e these in progress* #(entually, we e8pect that dri(er categories 4 and 9 will be the preferred way to access databases from ?-BC* -ri(er categories one and two are interim solutions where direct all !a(a dri(ers are not yet a(ailable* Category 9 is in some sense the idealK howe(er, there are many cases where category 4 may be preferable2 eg2 $where a thin -BMS$independent client is desired, or if a -BMS Yindependent protocol is standardi:ed and implemented directly by many -BMS (endors*

Ser(lets
Ser(lets pro(ides a ?a(a$Based solution used to address the problems currently associated with doing ser(er side programming, including ine8tensible scripting solutions, platform specific + ,s, and incomplete interfaces* Ser(lets are ob!ects conform to a specific interface that can be plugged into a ?a(a$based ser(er* Ser(lets are to the ser(er$ side what applets are to the client$side$ob!ect byte codes that can be dynamically loaded off the net* &hey differ from applets in that they are faceless ob!ects Fwithout graphics or a G', componentG* &hey ser(e as platform independent, dynamically loadable, plug gable helper byte code ob!ects on the ser(er side that can be used to dynamically e8tend ser(er$ side functionality* =or e8ample, an 3&& ser(let can be used to generate dynamic 3&M) content* Bhen you use ser(lets to do dynamic content you get the following ad(antages2 1*&heyEre faster and cleaner than CG, scripts* 2*&hey use a standard + , Fthe Ser(let + ,G 4*&hey pro(ide all the ad(antages of ?a(a Frun on a (ariety of ser(ers without needing to be rewrittenG &he attractions of Ser(lets

6@ &here are many features of ser(lets that make them easy and attracti(e to use* &hese include2 #asily configured using the G',$based +dmin &ool* Can be loaded and in(oked from a local disk or remotely across the network* Can be linked together, or chained, so that one ser(let can call another ser(lets, or se(eral ser(lets in se;uence* Can be called dynamically from within 3&M) pages, using ser(er$side include tags

,n(oking the ser(let

&o in(oke a ser(let you call it by creating a '/) with "5ser(let5% pretended to the ser(let name* &hen enter this '/) in your fa(orite browser to see the output of the Ser(let* #8ample2 +fter installing according to the directions abo(e, access the 3elloSer(let by entering the following '/) in your fa(orite browser2 http255ser(er$host$name2@7@75ser(let5hell

,nternal Ser(lets
&he ?a(a Ser(er ser(let architecture is (ery fle8ible and the ser(er takes ad(antage of this by di(iding up its work among se(eral internal ser(lets* &hey are 1*=ile Ser(let 2*,n(oker Ser(let 4*Ser(er side include ser(let 9*+dmin Ser(let 6*CG, Ser(let

6A <*,mage map ser(let

=ile Ser(let
&he file ser(let pro(ides the standard document ser(ing capabilities of !a(a ser(er* &his ser(let includes a caching mechanism to speed up response times of fre;uently accesses files* ,n addition it recogni:es files that are to be parsed for ser(er side includes and passes them on to the SS,nclude Ser(let* Ser(lets are an effecti(e substitute for CG, scripts and pro(ide a faster and cleaner way to generate dynamic documents* &he !a(a ser(er is both fle8ible and e8tensible* 'sing the !a(a ser(er + ,s you can write your own ser(let and incorporate it into the ser(er* &o do this follows these three steps 1* Brite the ser(let 2* Configure the ser(let 4* ,n(oke the ser(let Briting the Ser(let 'nless they are used with the http protocol, ser(lets subclass the ser(let* GenericSer(let class and o(erride the ser(ice FSer(let /e;uest, Ser(let/esponseG method* Ser(lets use with the 3&& protocol should subclass the !a(a8*ser(let*3ttpSer(let class o(erride one or both of the doGet F3ttpSer(let/e;uest, 3ttpSer(let/esponseG and do ost F3ttpSer(let/e;uest, 3ttpSer(let/esponseG methods Ser(lets class may choose to o(erride the default implementations of the ser(let "lifecycle% ser(let methods, init FSer(letConfigG and destroy FG*

<7

Configuring the Ser(er2

&he real beauty of the !a(a ser(er is that it is e8tensible* But, before you can use a Ser(let to add an e8tended functionality to the ?a(aSer(er*.ou ha(e to use the ?a(a Ser(er administration applet to install the Ser(let and specify the default parameters and arguments* #mployee Management Systemlay the +dministration +pplet by connecting to2 http255ser(erZ3ostZName2A7A75inde8*html +re secure$e(en when downloading across the network, the ser(lets security model and the Ser(let sandbo8 to protect your system from unfriendly beha(ior* &he ad(antage of the Ser(let + , 1ne of the great ad(antages of the Ser(let + , #mployee Management Systemprotocol independence* ,t assumes nothing about2 &he protocol being used to transmit on the net* 3ow it is loaded* &he ser(er en(ironment it will be running in* &hese ;ualities are important, because it allows the Ser(let + , to be embedded in many different kinds of Ser(ers* &here are other ad(antages to the ser(let + , as well* Ser(let =eatures &he ?a(a Ser(er pro(ides se(eral important Ser(let features* &hese include2 )oading L ,n(oking Ser(lets* Ser(lets can be loaded both locally and remotely* =ilters and Ser(lets change* &he ?a(a Ser(er uses M,M# types to call Ser(lets se;uentially* Ser(er si:e includes2 Ser(lets can be in(oked from dynamic 3&M) documents using Ser(er side include tags* /eplacing the CG, Scripts*

<1

M8 S@L ,N&/1-'C&,1N2 STRUCTURE @UERY LA

from /-BMS* SJ) was proposed by ,BM and got its standardi:ation by +NS, and adopted by different corporation with bit modification* SJ) can be di(ided into three categories as gi(en below2 -M) Y -ata Manipulation )anguage* -C) $ -ata Control language* --) Y -ata -efinition language -M) 2$ rimarily used to retrie(e the records from /-BMS S#)#C& [M\+))] =/1M O&+B)#P [B3#/# OC1N-,&,1N%] O1/-#/ B. [O=,#)-P] [3+0,NGOC1N-,&,1NP] ,NS#/& ,N&1 O&+B)#P F =,#)-1, =,#)-2, =,#)-4 G 0+)'#SF0+)'#S1, 0+)'#S2,0+)'#S4GK --)2$ rimary used to create tables5inde8es etc* Create table Otable nameP F field name1 type1, field name2 type2, field name4 type4 GK -rop table O table name PK -C)2$ rimarily used for administrati(e 5option operation like creating if user5assignment of password updation of record5deletion of user5creation of roles5assignment of access right* Create userOuser nameP ,dentified by OpasswordP
"UA"E(S@L)

+ ;uery language for /-BMS based on* Non Yprocedure approach to retrie(e record

<2 Grant select, insert on #M to demoK /e(oke select on #M from -emoK ,n a summari:ed way it could be concluded that SJ) becomes the ;uery engine that resides o(er the database engine ha(ing been designed on the client$ser(er +pproach and pro(ided retrie(al of data as well as operation on /-BMS* By the +pplication package and web pages* ro!ect Category RD%MS [/elational -atabase Management System] + /elational -ata Model was in(ented by -r* #* =* Codd and is based on the simple concept i*e*, &able* + /-BMS is a computer program for managing table* ,t has three ma!or parts2 -ata that is presented as &ables* 1perators for manipulating tables* ,ntegrity rules on tables*

Intro9;ct+on To M8SA0
Modern relational database management systems can perform a wide range of tasks* ,t has got the following ad(antages$ -efine a database Juery the database +dd, edit and delete data* Modify the structure of the database Secure data from public access* Communicate within networks #8port and import data

<4

MyS;l is one such /-BMS* ,t pro(ides a set of functional programs that we use a tool to build structure and performs tasks, in mys;l data is stored and displayed in tables* + table is a data structure that holds data in a relational database* + table comprises of rows and columns* &able can also show relationship between entities* &he formal name of table is relation, hence the name /elational -atabase Management System*

Acce11 o, 9-t- +n 281A0

SJ) is a structured ;uery language that we use to communicate with mys;l* ,t consists of a set of #nglish words like Select, Create etc* &he standard set of SJ) command fall into the following category$ Jueries using select clause -ata definition language F-))G commands which are for creating and altering the structure of database*

S-0+ent .e-t;re1 o, M8SA0

1pen Source #fficient multi$user support and consistency owerful security feature

=ault tolerance #ase of administration +pplication de(elopment tools Networking SJ) compatibility

A>o;t S@L
SJ) is a structured ;uery language that we use to communicate with oracle* ,t consists of a set of #nglish words like Select, Create etc* &he

<9 standard set of SJ) command fall into the following category$ Jueries using select clause -ata definition language F-))G commands which are for creating and altering the structure of database*

=ig2>*4

<6 =ig2>*9

=ig2>*6

=ig2>*<

<<

=ig2>*>

=ig2>*@

<>

=ig2>*A

=ig2>*17

<@

P0-t,or2 ;1e94 (per-t+n3 S81te24 - Bindows 2777 rofessional 1/ Bindows T 2777* .ront En9 Too04 ?S , Ser(let, +!a8, ?a(a script, +!a8, CSS, 3&M)

%-cB En9 Too04 /-BMS2 $ M8SA0

)+n9o?1 CP Pro,e11+on-0
&his operating system is presented by Microsoft Corp* ,t supports all the G',Es facilities and is (ery much user friendly* urposes programming and other are Supporting )anguage for ,nternal rogramming*

M8SA0
,t is an 1b!ect$ oriented /elational -atabase management System* capabilities of both relational and ob!ect$oriented database management system* ,t offers

<A

C/-pter D (UTPUT SCREE S 3ome age

=ig2@*1

/egistration age**

=ig2@*2

>7

)ogin

=ig2@*4

Up0o-9 1on31

=ig2@*9

>1

10$ C( CLUSI(
&he result of the #$Music System is that it supports many type of different$different music and the indi(idual user with uni;ue interface, through which the #$Music management problems are sol(ed within gi(en time and it shows efficiency in the internal messaging system and results in accurate task scheduling system and this can be run with the minimal administration* ,n future, we can ha(e the SMS facility for the user and user search engine that can pro(ide the result on the basis of different criteria to search* Be can also ha(e one more module of implementing this pro!ect on web*

>2

11$ %I%ILI("RAPHY
B11DS +N- M+N'+)S 2$ 1*?+0+$2 +uthor 2 ublisher 2 Complete$/eference atric Norton L 3erberlt Schild &ata McGraw 3ill

2*System +nalysis L -esigning +uthor 2 ublisher 2 ?ames +* senn &ata McGraw 3ill

4*Software #ngineering Concepts +uthor 2 ublisher 2 #dition* =airley &ata McGraw 3ill ublication,4rd

9*Software #ngineering rinciples +uthor 2 ressman

6*?a(a Ser(er ages +uthor 2 ublisher 2 ?ames Good Bill &echmedia