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Midterm Study Guide

The document outlines the topics that will be covered on the midterm exam for a Dynamics course. It includes: 1) Rectilinear and curvilinear motion problems involving acceleration, velocity, and position as functions of time or other variables. 2) Projectile motion problems in two and three dimensions. 3) Relative motion problems involving particles connected by strings or frames in translation. 4) Kinetics problems using principles of force, momentum, work, energy, and angular momentum. 5) Impulse and momentum problems involving impacts between particles.

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johntothep
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138 views

Midterm Study Guide

The document outlines the topics that will be covered on the midterm exam for a Dynamics course. It includes: 1) Rectilinear and curvilinear motion problems involving acceleration, velocity, and position as functions of time or other variables. 2) Projectile motion problems in two and three dimensions. 3) Relative motion problems involving particles connected by strings or frames in translation. 4) Kinetics problems using principles of force, momentum, work, energy, and angular momentum. 5) Impulse and momentum problems involving impacts between particles.

Uploaded by

johntothep
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamics Midterm Exam Topics

Chapter 11, Part 1 Rectilinear Motion (1) Given acceleration as a function of time, derive equations for velocity and position as functions of time, and solve problems using the equations.

a = f (t ) dv a= dt dv = adt

v = g (t ) dx v= dt dx = vdt

dv = f (t )dt dv = f (t )dt
v t v0 0

dx = g (t )dt dx = g (t )dt
x t x0 0

v v0 = f (t )dt
0

x x0 = g (t )dt
0

v = v0 + f (t )dt = g (t )
0

x = x0 + g (t )dt
0

Problems: Sample Problem 11. 2 11. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (2) Given acceleration as a function of velocity, derive equations for velocity and position as functions of time, and solve problems using the equations.

a = f (v) a= dv dt

v=
v = g (t ) dx v= dt dx = vdt

dv dt dv dt = f (v ) f (v ) =

dx dx ; dx = vdt; dt = v dt dv dv a= = dx dt v

a=v

dt =
0

v0

dv f (v )

dx = g (t )dt dx = g (t )dt
x t x0 0

t=

dv v0 f (v ) v = g (t )
v

x x0 = g (t )dt
0

x = x0 + g (t )dt
0

dv = f (v ) dx f (v)dx = vdv vdv dx = f (v ) x v vdv x0 dx = v0 f (v) v vdv x = x0 + v0 f (v )

Problems: Sample Problem 11. 3 11. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26

(3)

Given velocity as a function of position, derive equation for position as a function of time, and solve problems using the equations.

v = f ( x) dx v= dt vdt = dx f ( x)dt = dx dx dt = f ( x) t x dx 0 dt = x0 f ( x) x dx t= x0 f ( x )
Problems: 11. 27, 28 (4) Given position as a function of time, derive equations for velocity and acceleration as functions of time, and solve problems using the equations. This is the simplest case just differentiate twice. (5) Given velocity as a function of time, derive equation for position as a function of time, and solve problems using the equations.

v = f (t ) v= dx dt dx = vdt = f (t )dt

x0

dx = f (t )dt
0 t 0

x = x0 + f (t )dt
Problems: 11. 31, 32 (6) Uniform rectilinear motion: x = x0 + vt

(7)

Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion: v = v0 + at x = x0 + v0t + (1/2)at2 v2 = v02 + 2a(x x0) Problems: Sample Problem 11. 4 11. 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44

(8)

Motion of several particles; relative motion (Masses connected by pulleys and a single string) xB = xA + xB/A vB = vA + vB/A aB = aA + aB/A Problems: Sample Problem 11. 5 11. 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58

Chapter 11, Part 2 Curvilinear Motion (9) Projectile motion

& = (v x ) 0 vx = x x = x0 + (v x ) 0 t

& = (v y ) 0 gt vy = y 2 y = y0 + (v y ) 0 t 1 2 gt

& = (v z ) 0 vz = z z = z 0 + (v z ) 0 t

If projectile is fired in the xy plane from origin O:

& = (v x ) 0 vx = x x = (v x ) 0 t

& = (v y ) 0 gt vy = y
2 y = (v y ) 0 t 1 2 gt

vz = 0 z=0

Problems: Sample Problems 11. 7, 8 11. 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 115 (10) Motion relative to a frame in translation rB = rA + rB/A vB = vA + vB/A aB = aA + aB/A Problems: Sample Problem 11. 9 11. 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130

(11)

Tangential and normal components

v = vet a= dv v2 et + e n dt

Problems: Sample Problem 11. 10 11. 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 (12) Radial and transverse components

&e &e r + r v=r 2 & && + 2r &)e & a = (& r& r )e r + (r

&=& r& = 0 For circular motion, r = constant, r


Problems: Sample Problem 11. 12 11. 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177

Chapter 12 Kinetic of Particles (1) Dynamic equilibrium Cartesian coordinates F = ma Problems: Sample Problems 12. 1, 2, 3, 4 12. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 (2) Dynamic equilibrium Tangential and normal coordinates

Ft = m Fn = m

dv dt v2

Problems: Sample Problems 12. 5, 6 12. 36, 37, 38, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62 (3) Dynamic equilibrium Radial and transverse components

&2 ) r& r Fr = mar = m(& && + 2r &) & F = ma = m(r


Problems: Sample Problem 12. 7 12. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91 (4) Angular momentum and conservation of angular momentum HO = r mv

& H O = rmv sin = mrv = mr 2

&) (since v = r

Conservation of angular momentum for motion under a central force (e.g., gravitation):

& =0 H O H O = constant rmv sin = r0 mv0 sin 0


Special case: circular orbit (velocity is constant and usually not given): v = Problems: Sample Problem 12. 8 12. 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 90, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90
2

GM r

Chapter 13, Part 1 Work and Energy (1) Principle of work and kinetic energy T = (1/2) mv2 U1-2 = T2 T1 U=Fr U = -Wy U1-2 = (1/2)kx12 (1/2)kx22 [kinetic energy] [principle of work and energy] [work of a force over linear distance r] [work of force of gravity] [work of a spring]

Problems: Sample Problems 13. 1, 2, 3, 4 13. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38 39, 40, 41, 42, 44 (2) Conservation of energy V = Wy T 1 + V1 = T 2 + V2 [potential energy] [conservation of energy]

Problems: Sample Problems 13. 6, 7, 8 13. 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 (3) Conservation of angular momentum and energy in space mechanics (orbital mechanics) r0mv0 sin0 = rmv sin
1 2

[conservation of angular momentum] [conservation of energy]

mv0

GMm 1 2 GMm = 2 mv r r0

Problems: Sample Problem 13. 9 13. 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114, 115, 116

Chapter 13, Part 2 Impulse and Momentum

(1)

When external forces act on a particle, they produce an impulse (force applied over a time interval). mv1 + Ft = mv2 [external forces]

If there are no external forces, impulse is zero and we get conservation of linear momentum: mv1 = mv2 [no external forces]

Sample Problems 13. 10, 11, 12 Practice: 13. 119, 121, 122, 132

(2)

Impact of two particles (a) Direct central impact: all velocities along the same axis mAvA + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB vB vA = e(vA vB) [e = 0: perfectly plastic, objects stick together] [e = 1; perfectly elastic, total energy and momentum conserved] (b) Oblique central impact and (vA)t = (vA)t (vA)t = (vA)t mA(vA)n + mB(vB)n = mA(vA)n + mB(vB)n (vB)n (vA)n = e[(vA)n (vB)n] (c) One or both objects is constrained in its motion (in the following equations, A is constrained to move in the x direction) (vA)t = (vA)t mAvA + mB(vB)x = mAvA + mB(vB)x (vB)n (vA)n = e[(vA)n (vB)n]

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