Scribd
Upload
397 views

Continuity of Functions by Graph (Exercises With Detailed Solutions)

1. The document provides 11 exercises on determining the continuity of various functions. It asks the reader to verify continuity, draw graphs, find values that ensure continuity, and determine domains and discontinuity points. Detailed solutions are provided for each exercise.

Uploaded by

tarun gehlot
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
397 views

Continuity of Functions by Graph (Exercises With Detailed Solutions)

1. The document provides 11 exercises on determining the continuity of various functions. It asks the reader to verify continuity, draw graphs, find values that ensure continuity, and determine domains and discontinuity points. Detailed solutions are provided for each exercise.

Uploaded by

tarun gehlot
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Continuity (exercises with detailed solutions)

1. Verify that f (x) = 2. Verify that f (x) = x is continuous at x0 for every x0 0.

1 1 is continuous at x0 for every x0 = 0. x x0

3. Draw the graph and study the discontinuity points of f (x) = [sin x]. 4. Draw the graph and study the discontinuity points of f (x) = sin x [sin x]. 5. Draw the graph and study the discontinuity points of f (x) = 6. Draw the graph and study the discontinuity points of f (x) = 7. Find k R such that the function f (x) = is continuous on R. 8. Find a, b R such that the function log(1 + x), f (x) = a sin x + b cos x x is continuous on its domain. log(1 + x2 ) 9. Determine the domain and study the continuity of the function f (x) = . 3 sin x 10. Draw the graph and study the continuity of the function 1 f (x) = x x , if x = 0 1, if x = 0. 11. Draw the graph and study the continuity of the function f (x) = 1 x sin , x 1, if x = 0 if x = 0. if 1 < x 0 if 0 < x < 2 if x 2 2x2 + 4x, if x 1 x + k, if x < 1 2x2 5x 3 . x2 4x + 3 x+3 . 3x2 + x3

Solutions
1. In order to verify that f (x) = x is continuous at x0 , with x0 0, we try to nd an upper bound for f (x) dependent on the dierence x x0 . We obtain ( x x0 )( x x0 ) x x0 x x0 = = . x + x0 x + x0 Since x 0 for every x 0 we have |x x0 | |x x 0 | . | x x0 | = x0 x + x0 We now x > 0, and we want to determine > 0, such that if |x x0 | < then |f (x) f (x0 )| < . From the previous inequality we have that we must nd > 0, such that if |x x0 | < then |x x0 | < . x0 The last inequality is equivalent to |x x0 | < x0 , hence we choose x0 . 2. As in exercise 1 we have to nd an upper bound for f (x) f (x0 ), dependent on the dierence x x0 or with a function of x x0 . We have 1 1 x0 x = . x x0 xx0 If x0 > 0 (when x0 < 0 we proceed in the same way), then for every x I =]x0 /2, 3/2x0 [ we have x x0 > x0 x2 x0 = 0 2 2. 1 |x0 x| 1 |x0 x| . <2 = x x0 xx0 x2 0
0

x| < , we have nished. This Hence, xed > 0, if we nd > 0 such that |x x0 | < implies 2 |x0 x2

condition is equivalent to |x x0 | < min{


x2 0 x0 2 , 2 }.

x2 0 2 ,

and the last inequality is satised for every x I if we take

3. Since sin x is 2 -periodic, f is also 2 -periodic. We then study f only on the interval [, ]. Since [n] = n for every n Z, then f (x) = sin x when x = , /2, 0, /2, . Furthermore [y ] = 0 for every y [0, 1[, hence f (x) = 0 for every x such that sin x [0, 1[, that is for every x [0, ] \ {/2}. Similarly, since [y ] = 1 for every y [1, 0[, we have f (x) = 1 for every x such that sin x [1, 0[, that is for every x ] , 0[. We can then draw the graph of f . At and 0 has a discontinuity f of the rst kind, indeed
x

lim f (x) = 0,

x +

lim f (x) = 1,

x 0

lim f (x) = 1, 2

x 0+

lim f (x) = 0,

At x0 = /2 f we have
x 2

lim f (x) = 0

and

=1

hence we can extend f at /2 to a continuous function. 4. f is 2 -periodic and we study it on [, ]. To draw its graph we observe that f (n) = 0, n Z, hence f (x) = 0 for every x such that sin x Z, that is when x = , /2, 0, /2, . Furthermore, since if y ]0, 1[ we have y [y ] = y , then for every x ]0, [\{/2}, we have f (x) = sin x. Since if y ] 1, 0[ we have y [y ] = y + 1, for every x ], 0[\{/2}, we have f (x) = sin x + 1. Hence in x = , 0, /2, f has a discontinuity of the rst kind, indeed
x

lim f (x) = 0,

x +

lim f (x) = 1, 2

x 0

lim f (x) = 1,

x 0+

lim f (x) = 0.

At x =

2,

f can be extended to a continuous function since


x 2

lim f (x) = 1,

and

= 0.

5. dom(f ) = R \ {1, 3}. Since the numerator vanishes when x = 3 we can simplify the fraction to obtain, for every x R \ {1, 3} (x 3)(2x + 1) 2x + 1 3 f (x) = = =2+ . (x 3)(x 1) x1 x1 The graph of f can be obtained from the graph of g (x) = 1/x with some translations and rescaling. At x = 3 we can extend f to a continuous function, indeed 3 / dom(f ) but
x 3

30

20

lim f (x) = lim 2 +


x3

3 7 = . x1 2
1.0 0.5

10

When x = 1, we have
x 1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

10

lim f (x) = ,

x 1+

lim f (x) = +.
20

Thus x = 1 is a discontinuity point of the second kind.

100 90

6. dom(f ) = R \ {3, 0}, and for every x dom(f ) we have f (x) = 1/x2 . Hence we have
x3

80 70 60

lim f (x) =

1 , 9

x0

lim f (x) = +.

50 40 30 20 10

we can extend f in x = 3 to a continuous function; x = 0 is a discontinuity point of the second kind.


2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

7. f is continuous for every x = 1, since it is a composition of continuous functions. Hence we just study the continuity of f in x = 1. f is continuous in x = 1 if both limits
x 1

lim f (x) = lim (x + k ) = k 1,


x 1

x1+

lim f (x) = lim (2x2 + 4x) = 6


x1+

are equal to f (1) = 6. We then impose k 1 = 6 that is k = 7.


8. dom(f ) =] 1, +[. Furthermore on ] 1, 0[, ]0, 2 [, ] 2 , +[ the function f (x) is continuous because it is a composition of continuous functions. We then study the continuity of f at x = 0 and x = 2.

We have
x0

lim f (x) = lim log(1 + x) = 0,


x 0

x0

lim f (x) = lim (a sin x + b cos x) = b.


x 0

Hence f is continuous at 0 if and only if b = 0. Furthermore


x 2

lim f (x) = lim (a sin x + b cos x) = a,


x 2

x 2

lim f (x) = lim x=


x 2

, 2

hence f is continuous in x = /2 if and only if a = /2. 9. dom(f ) = R, indeed for every x R we have 1 + x2 1 > 0 and 3 sin x 2 > 0. For every x R f is continuous since it is a composition of continuous functions. 10. f is not continuous when x = 1/n, for every n Z \ {0}. These points are discontinuities of the rst kind. When x = 1/n, f is continuous.

0.8

11. f is continuous when x = 0; at 0 we have


x 0

0.6

lim f (x) = 0,

f (0) = 1.

0.4

hence we can extend f to a continuous function on the whole R.


3 2 1

0.2

0.0 0 1 2 3

0.2

You might also like