Scribd
Upload
42 views

Final Formulas

The document provides formulas and definitions from trigonometry, Fourier analysis, PDEs, potential theory, special functions, and spherical harmonics. Some key formulas included are: - Trigonometric angle addition formulas - Definition of the Fourier series and coefficients - Formula for differentiating integrals with respect to a parameter - Solution formulas for the wave equation and heat equation with sources - Definition of the error function - Poisson's formula for harmonic functions in a disk - Green's identities and representation formula - Solution of the Dirichlet problem using Green's functions - Bessel's differential equation and solutions in terms of Bessel functions - Definition and orthogonality of spherical harmonics

Uploaded by

Vasil Gorgiev
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Final Formulas

The document provides formulas and definitions from trigonometry, Fourier analysis, PDEs, potential theory, special functions, and spherical harmonics. Some key formulas included are: - Trigonometric angle addition formulas - Definition of the Fourier series and coefficients - Formula for differentiating integrals with respect to a parameter - Solution formulas for the wave equation and heat equation with sources - Definition of the error function - Poisson's formula for harmonic functions in a disk - Green's identities and representation formula - Solution of the Dirichlet problem using Green's functions - Bessel's differential equation and solutions in terms of Bessel functions - Definition and orthogonality of spherical harmonics

Uploaded by

Vasil Gorgiev
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Formulas

Trigonometric formulas
sina sinb = 2 sin
1
2
(a b) cos
1
2
(a b)
cos a + cos b = 2 cos
1
2
(a + b) cos
1
2
(a b) cos a cos b = 2 sin
1
2
(a + b) sin
1
2
(b a)
sina cos b =
1
2
(sin(a b) + sin(a + b))
sina sinb =
1
2
(cos(a b) cos(a + b)) cos a cos b =
1
2
(cos(a b) + cos(a + b))
sin(a b) = sina cos b cos a sinb cos(a b) = cos a cos b sina sinb
Fourier series
Fourier series of f(x) dened on [L, L]:
1
2
a
0
+

n=1
(a
n
cos(nx/L) + b
n
sin(n/L))
where a
n
=
1
L
_
L
L
f(x) cos(nx/L)dx, b
n
=
1
L
_
L
L
f(x) sin(nx/L)dx.
Fourier cosine series (x [0, L]):
1
2
a
0
+

n=1
a
n
cos(nx/L) where a
n
=
2
L
_
L
0
f(x) cos(nx/L)dx.
Fourier sine series (x [0, L]):

n=1
b
n
sin(nx/L) where b
n
=
2
L
_
L
0
f(x) sin(nx/L)dx.
Dierentiation of a parameter in an integral
dI
dt
=
_
(t)
(t)
f
t
(x, t)dx + f((t), t)

(t) f((t), t)

(t).
Solution for wave equation with a source on R u
tt
c
2
u
xx
= f
u(x, t) =
1
2
[(x + ct) + (x ct)] +
1
2c
_
x+ct
xct
(s)ds +
1
2c
__

(x,t)
f
where (x) = u(x, 0), (x) = u
t
(x, 0), and
(x,t)
is the characteristic triangle for (x, t).
The Kirchho-Poisson solution for wave equation u
tt
c
2
u = 0
In 3D: u(x, t) =
1
4c
2

t
_
1
t
__
St
(

)d
_
+
1
4c
2
t
__
St
(

)d where S
t
is a sphere of radius ct.
In 2D: u(x, y, t) =
1
2c

t
_
__
Dt
(, )
_
(ct)
2
( x)
2
( y)
2
dd
_
+
1
2c
__
Dt
(, )
_
(ct)
2
( x)
2
( y)
2
dd where D
t
is a disk of radius ct.
Solution for the diusion equation with a source on R u
t
ku
xx
= f(x, t) (t > 0)
u(x, t) =
_

S(x y, t)(y)dy +
_
t
0
_

S(x y, t s)f(y, s)dyds (t > 0)


where S(x, t) =
1

4kt
e
x
2
/4kt
and (x) = u(x, 0).
The error function: Erf (x) =
2

_
x
0
e
p
2
dp; Erf () = 1.
1
in polar coordinates: =

2
r
2
+
1
r

r
+
1
r
2

2
in spherical coordinates: =

2
r
2
+
2
r

r
+
1
r
2
sin

sin

+
1
r
2
sin
2

2
Poissons formula for harmonic function in a disk: u(x) =
1
2a
_
|x

|=a
a
2
|x|
2
|x x

|
2
u(x

) ds

, or
u(r, ) =
1
2
_
2
0
a
2
r
2
a
2
2ar cos( ) + r
2
h()d where h() is the value of u on the circle r = a.
Greens rst identity:
__
D
v
u
n
dS =
___
D
v udV +
___
D
vudV
Greens second identity:
___
D
(uv vu)dV =
__
D
_
u
v
n
v
u
n
_
dS
Representation formula for a harmonic function u
u(x
0
) =
__
D
_
u(x)

n
K(x, x
0
) K(x, x
0
)
u
n
_
dS where K(x, x
0
) 1/(4|x x
0
|) for R
3
.
Solution of the Dirichlet problem for u = f using Greens function
u(x
0
) =
__
D
u(x)
G(x, x
0
)
n
dS +
___
D
f(x)G(x, x
0
) dV.
On the plane, dS and dV are replaced by dl (length element) and dA (area element), respectively.
Bessels dierential equation of order s:
d
2
dr
2
u +
1
r
d
dr
u + (1
s
2
r
2
)u = 0
Solutions of Bessels equation
For a non-integer s, the two independent solutions are
J
s
(r) =

j=0
(1)
j
(j + 1)(s + j + 1)
_
r
2
_
s+2j
where (s) =
_

0
e
t
t
s1
dt is the function.
For s = n, a non-negative integer, the solutions are
J
n
(r) =

j=0
(1)
j
j!(n + j)!
_
r
2
_
n+2j
Y
n
(r) =
2

_
+ ln
r
2
_
J
n
(r)
(1
n0
)

n1

j=0
(n j 1)!
j!
_
2
r
_
n2j

j=0
(1)
j
(H
j
+ H
n+j
)
j!(n + j)!
_
r
2
_
n+2j
Bessel functions of order s = 1/2: J
1/2
(r) =
_
2
r
sinr J
1/2
(r) =
_
2
r
cos r
For
sm
a,
sm
a being roots of the Bessel function J
s
_
a
0
J
s
(
sm
r)J
s
(
sm
r)rdr =
mm

1
2
a
2
[J

s
(
sm
a)]
2
=
mm

1
2
a
2
[J
s1
(
sm
a)]
2
Spherical harmonics: Y
m
l
(, ) = P
|m|
l
(cos ) e
im
_
2
0
_

0
Y
m
l
(, )Y
m

(, ) sindd =
ll

mm

4
2l + 1
(l + m)!
(l m)!
2

You might also like