Scribd
Upload
259 views10 pages

Chapter 11 Fill in Blank Notes2009 - Worksheet

Electrons are arranged in shells or energy levels around the atomic nucleus. Atoms remain stable despite attractive forces between protons and electrons because electrons exist in distinct energy levels and orbitals. The Bohr model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in defined orbits with discrete energies, but it does not account for atoms with multiple electrons. Quantum theory later described electrons as waves occupying probabilistic regions called orbitals, explaining electron arrangements and spectra of elements.

Uploaded by

Kiki Eds
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
259 views10 pages

Chapter 11 Fill in Blank Notes2009 - Worksheet

Electrons are arranged in shells or energy levels around the atomic nucleus. Atoms remain stable despite attractive forces between protons and electrons because electrons exist in distinct energy levels and orbitals. The Bohr model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in defined orbits with discrete energies, but it does not account for atoms with multiple electrons. Quantum theory later described electrons as waves occupying probabilistic regions called orbitals, explaining electron arrangements and spectra of elements.

Uploaded by

Kiki Eds
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Chapter 11 - Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms

The Puzzle of the nucleus:


Protons and electrons are attracted to each other because of opposite
charges
Electrically charged particles moving in a curved path give off energy
Despite these facts, atoms dont collapse

11-1 The Development of a New Atomic Model


I. Properties of Light
A. Electromagnetic Radiation
1. Many types of EM waves
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. EM radiation are forms of energy which __________________________
a. Move at speed of light
(1). ________________________
b. Speed is equal to the frequency times the wavelength c =
(1). Freqency () ______________________________________________
(2). Wavelength ()_____________________________________________
c. Speed of light is a __________, so is also a constant (1) and must
be inversely proportional

B. Light and Energy - The Photoelectric Effect


1. The Photoelectric Effect
a. ________________________________________________
2. Radiant energy is transferred in
_______________________________________________________________________
a. A photon is a
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
b. A quantum is the
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. Energy of a photon is
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
a. E = h (h is ___________________________________________)
-12

10

-10

10

-8

10

-7

4 to 7x10

-4

10

-2

10

10

10

Wavelength increases
Frequency decreases
Energy decreases

4. Wave-Particle Duality
a.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
II. The Hydrogen Line Spectrum
A. Ground State
1. ______________________________________
B. Excited State
1.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
C. Bright line spectrum
1. Light is given off by
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Light is given off ___________________________________

3. A _____________________reveals lines of particular colors

410nm

434nm

486nm

656nm

a. Definite frequency
b. Definite wavelength

E =

III. The Bohr Model of the Atom


A. Electron Orbits, or Energy Levels
1. Electrons can circle the nucleus
____________________________________________________
2. The energy of the electron is
____________________________________________________
3. The atom achieves the ground state when
____________________________________________________
4. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when
____________________________________________________

B. Energy transitions
1. Energies of atoms are ________________________________
2. Energy transitions occur in
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Electrons only lose energy when they
____________________________________________________
C. Shortcomings of the Bohr Model
1. Doesn't work for atoms larger _____________________
(more than one electron)
2. Doesn't explain chemical ______________________

4-2 The Quantum Model of the Atom


I. Electrons as Waves and Particles
A. Louis deBroglie (1924)
1. Electrons have ___________________________
2. Consider the electron as a
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
B. The Heisenbery Uncertainty Principle (Werner Heisenberg - 1927)
1. "It is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position
and velocity of an electron or any other particle
a. Electrons are located by ________________________
b. Electrons and photons _________________________
c. Interaction between a photon and an electron
______________________________________________
C. The Schroedinger Wave Equation
1. Proved quantization of electron energies and is the basis for
Quantum Theory
a. Quantum theory describes mathematically
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. Electrons do not move around the nucleus ________________
3. Electrons exist in regions called __________
a. An orbital is a three-dimensional region around the
nucleus
______________________________________________

E =
Schroedinger equation for probability of a single electron being found along a
single axis (x-axis)

II. Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers


Quantum Numbers specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of
the electrons in orbitals
A. Principal Quantum Number (n)
1. Indicates the main ___________________________________
2. Values of n are _____________________
a. n=1 is closest to the nucleus, and lowest in energy
3.
The number of orbitals possible per energy level (or "shell") is
equal to __________

B. Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)


1. Indicates the __________________________
2. Number of orbital shapes = n
a. Shapes are designated ____________________

C. Magnetic Quantum Number (m)


1. The _____________________________________________
a. s orbitals have only __________________________
m=0
b. p orbitals have __________, d have _________ and
f have ____________possible orientations

Principal
Quantum
Number (n)

Sublevels in
main energy
level
(n sublevels)

Number
of
orbitals
per
sublevel

Number
of
electrons
per
sublevel

Number
of
electrons
per main
energy
level
2

(2n )
1
2
3

s
s
p
s
p
d

s
p
d
f

D.Spin Quantum Number


1. Indicates the fundamental _______________________________
2. Two possible values for spin, ___________________________
3. A single orbital can contain only ____________, which must
have opposite spins

4-3 Electron Configurations


I. Writing Electrons Configurations
A. Rules
1. Aufbau Principle
a. An electron occupies the
____________________________________________
2. Pauli Exclusion Principle
a. No two electrons in the same atom
____________________________________________
3. Hund's Rule
a. Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one
electron __________________________________, and
all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have
_____________________________________________
____ ____ ____
2p

____ ____ ____


2p

____ ____ ____


2p

B. Orbital Notation
1. Unoccupied orbitals are represented by a line, _____
a. Lines are labeled with the
______________________________________________
2. Arrows are used to represent electrons
a. Arrows pointing up and down indicate _____________
C. Configuration Notation
1. The number of electrons in a sublevel is indicated by adding a
__________________________________________________
Hydrogen = 1s
Helium = 1s
Lithium = 1s 2s

II. Survey of the Periodic Table


A. Elements of the Second and Third Periods
1. Highest occupied energy level
a. The electron containing energy level
_____________________________________________
2. Inner shell electrons
a. Electrons that are not in _________________________
3. Octet
a. Highest energy _____________________ (8 electrons)
b. Characteristic of ______________, Group 18
4. Noble gas configuration
a. Outer main energy level fully occupied, usually (except
for He) by ____________________
b. This configuration has extra ___________________

B. Elements of the Fourth Period


1. Irregularity of Chromium
a. Expected:
______________________________________________
2

b. Actual: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
2. Several transition and rare-earth elements borrow from smaller
sublevels in order to __________________________________

You might also like