Centre

Number

Surname

Candidate
Number

Other Names

New GCSE
4461/01
SCIENCE A
FOUNDATION TIER
BIOLOGY 1
P.M. WEDNESDAY, 30 May 2012
1 hour
For Examiners use only
Maximum
Mark

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

In addition to this paper you may require a calculator

and a ruler.

Total

60

Mark
Awarded

4 4 61
010 0 01

Question

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used
in your answer to question 8.

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Answer all questions.

1.

(a) Using a ruler draw lines to join each organism to its correct group.
Organism

Group

7 cm

Flowering plant
Earthworm

45 cm

Micro-organism
Fern

85 cm

Invertebrate animal
Fox

10 cm

Vertebrate animal

Dandelion

0001 mm

Non-flowering plant

Algae

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[4]

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(b)
Give one difference between vertebrates and invertebrates.

Examiner
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[1]

(c)
Name one type of micro-organism not shown on the diagram.

[1]

(d)
Why do scientists need to give scientific names to organisms rather than using common
names? [1]

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Examiner
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2. Read the following information about hens.

Many farmers keep hens for egg production.

Large numbers of hens can be kept indoors. Some are kept in battery cages.

Caged hen

Non-caged hen

Caged hens

Non-caged hens

Eggs produced per year by each hen

310

250

Food provided

less

more

Labour costs

less

more

Broken bones

often

rare

very restricted

not restricted

560cm2

840cm2

Movement
Space available per hen

From this information:

(a)
(i) Over two years, how many more eggs are produced by a caged hen? Show your
working. [2]

Answer

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.....................................

(ii)

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Other than producing more eggs, give one advantage to a farmer of using cages for
hens. [1]

(b)
Suggest one reason for the difference in broken bones found in caged and non-caged
hens. [1]

(c)
State one way, shown in the photographs, in which the health of caged hens is poorer.
[1]

(d)
From 2012 a new European law will require battery cages to have 750cm2 for each hen.
How will this make life better for the hens?

[1]

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3.

Examiner
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(a) Use the information in the food web below to answer the questions.
Hawk

Stoat
Blackbird
Badger

Shrew

Thrush

Mice
Rabbits

Snails

Beetles
Caterpillars
Moths

Green plants

From the diagram:

(i) Name
I. one third stage consumer;
II. two herbivores;
III. the producer.

................................................

................................................

................................................

[1]
[1]
[1]

(ii) Name one animal which is both a first stage and a second stage consumer. State
what it eats.
[1]

Animal

......................................................................................................

Food eaten

................................................

......................................................................................................

(iii) What is the source of energy for the producer?

[1]

....................................................................................................................................

(iv) How is the flow of energy shown in the food web?

....................................................................................................................................

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(b)
The table below shows some trees and the number of herbivore species which feed on
them.

Tree type

Number of herbivore species

oak

284

birch

229

ash

42

beech

64

From the table:

(i) What would happen to the number of herbivore species in a park if birch trees
were replaced by ash trees?
[1]

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(ii) Suggest one reason why an oak woodland has more carnivore species than a beech
woodland. [1]

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4. (a) The level of glucose in a persons blood was measured every 30 minutes for three and a
half hours. During this time the person was given a drink containing glucose.
The results are shown below.
Time (minutes)

Glucose level (a.u.)

26

30

........................

60

........................

90

74

120

90

150

65

180

43

210

28

100
90
80
70
Glucose
level (a.u.)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

30

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90
120
Time (minutes)

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150

180

210

(i) Use the graph opposite to complete the table of results above it.

(ii) Complete the graph by plotting the results from 90 to 210 minutes.
Join the plots with a ruler.

Examiner
only

[1]
[3]

(b)
From the graph:

(i) At what time did the person take the glucose drink?

[1]

.....................................................

(ii) How does the level of glucose change between 60 and 150 minutes?

[1]

(c)
The level of glucose in the blood is controlled by a hormone.

(i) Name the hormone.

[1]

.............................................................................................................................

(ii) Some people have a medical condition where they do not produce enough of this
hormone. Name the condition.
[1]

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5.

(a) Complete the sentences using some of the terms below.

pairs

proteins

inherited

Chromosomes in body cells are found in

of molecules of
which determine

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.........................................................

[4]

DNA

genes

.........................................................

. Chromosomes have

.........................................................

. They are long strands

.........................................................

characteristics.

(b) Each human body cell has 46 chromosomes including a pair of sex chromosomes.

There are two types of sex chromosomes X and Y.

Y

Human Sex Chromosomes

(i) Complete the table below.

[1]

Sex

Chromosomes

Female

.............................

and

.............................

Male

.............................

and

.............................

(ii) How many chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?

[1]

......................................

(iii) What name is given to cells such as sperm and egg cells?

[1]

.............................................................................................................................

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6. In cats, the allele for short hair (D) is dominant to the allele for long hair (d).

A cat with short hair was mated with a cat with long hair. All the offspring (F1) had short hair.

(a)
(i) Complete the following to show the genotypes of the parents.

I. The cat with short hair.

II. The cat with long hair.

[1]

...............................................

...............................................

(ii) Complete the Punnett square to show the cross between the cat with short hair
and the cat with long hair.
[2]

Gametes

F1

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(b) (i) Complete the Punnett square to show the offspring produced on selfing (breeding
together) two of the F1 generation.
[2]

Gametes

F2

(ii) Complete the following to show the ratio of the different types of offspring
appearing in the F2 generation.
[1]

......................................

homozygous dominant:

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heterozygous:

......................................

recessive

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7. In 1982 the same species of pine tree was planted on both sides of a river valley in Wales. In
2011 the trees were surveyed at points A, B and C and the average heights of the trees were
recorded.

SUN

B
North facing slope
South facing slope

River

Table showing the average heights of the trees at survey points A, B and C.

Survey point

Average height of trees

(m)

8.6

11.4

10.7

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(a)
What term is used to describe the differences found between members of the same
species? [1]

(b) Suggest two environmental reasons for the differences in the average height of the trees
growing at survey points A and B. [2]

(i)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

(c)
All the trees growing at survey point C were growing under exactly the same
environmental conditions, but the difference in height between the individual trees was
as much as 0.5m. Suggest a reason for this difference.
[1]

4
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8. The diagram shows a section through the skin.

........................................................................

(a) Label part A on the diagram.

[1]

(b) Explain, in detail, the role part B plays in lowering the body temperature in warm
conditions.
[6 QWC]

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Examiner
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9. The table below shows the information on the packaging of two different breads,

Multi-Seeded and White sliced.

Multi-Seeded
(100g)

White Sliced
(100g)

Guideline Daily
Amount (GDA)
for an adult

Energy (kJ)

1110

992

8400

Protein (g)

10.5

9.5

45

Total carbohydrates (g)

33.5

15.7

230

Sugars (g)

4.1

4.2

90

Total fat (g)

9.9

1.3

70

Saturated fat (g)

1.5

0.1

20

Salt (g)

0.85

0.4

(a) Use the information in the table to calculate the mass of a White Sliced loaf which an
adult would have to eat to reach their GDA of energy.
[2]

Answer

......................................

(b) Which of the breads would you recommend to:

(i) a person suffering from coronary heart disease;

[1]

Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) a person suffering from high blood pressure?

[1]

Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c)
Bethan wanted to check the energy content of the Multi-Seeded bread.
She set up the apparatus shown below.

Thermometer

Clamp
Test-tube
20cm3 water

Burning food

Needle

Wooden handle
Heat resistant mat

(i) Apart from the volume of water used, state two other measurements that Bethan
must take in order to find the energy content of the bread.
[2]

I.

......................................................................................................................................................................................

II.

......................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Why will the apparatus which Bethan uses not give an accurate reading of the
energy content of the bread?
[1]

THERE ARE NO MORE QUESTIONS IN THIS EXAMINATION.

7
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