NARS CHARACTERIZATION OF

SECTION 14 MECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

ENGINEERING

14.1 INTRODUCTION

Mechanical engineers should be curious about how things are made and work. They
have a desire to solve problems and a talent for understanding the operation
of mechanical devices. Mechanical engineers conceive, plan, design and direct
the production, distribution and operation of a wide variety of devices,
machines and systems, environmentalcontrol and materials
processing, transportation and handling. Design and production
mechanical engineers analyze their design using the principles of motion, energy,
and momentum to insure that the product functions safely, efficiently, reliably, and
manufactured at a competitive cost with minimized environmental hazards.

Mechanical engineering; design and production, is a broad discipline which

covers the fields of solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics,
engineering design, production technology, economics and management. Basic
studies are devoted to mechanical properties of materials, machine
design, dynamics and control, instrumentation,
fundamentals of fluid flow, energy and power systems. Mechanical Engineering
covers the design, analysis, testing and manufacturing of products that are used in
every facet of modern society. Undergraduate educational programs in mechanical
engineering design and production are, therefore, specifically designed
to provide a wide variety of topics. These include power systems, fluid and thermal
sciences related to discipline, automatic control, reliability, quality assurance
and control, mechanical design and manufacturing.

A B.Sc. degree in design and production mechanical engineering is designed

for students who seek careers as engineers in industry, army, consulting firms
and private and governmental agencies. This degree is also appropriate for students
who plan to be researchers or who intend to pursue an advanced degree in
engineering.
A typical program curriculum incorporates analytical tools, creative thought and
diversity of skills as well as the state of art of the profession.

Design and production mechanical engineer may work in:

Private and governmental firms, where it is required to design, manufacture, operate,

develop or maintain mechanical systems and equipment such as; industrial
machinery, automotive, aerospace, power generation and air conditioning equipment.

14.2 THE ATTRIBUTES OF MECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

ENGINEER

In addition to the general attributes of engineer, the design and production engineer
must be able to:

1
 a) Work with mechanical design and manufacturing systems.
b) Use of mathematics and physical and engineering sciences and systems
analysis tools in components and machines and produce design
and manufacture.
c) Use different instruments appropriately and carry-out experimental design,
automatic data acquisition, data analysis, data reduction and
interpretation, and data presentation, both orally and in the written form.
d) Use the computer graphics for design, communication and visualization.
e) Use and/or develop computer software, necessary for the design,
manufacturing and management of industrial systems and projects.
f) Analyze multi-disciplinary mechanical, electrical, thermal and hydraulic
systems.
g) Lead or supervise a group of designers or technicians and other work force.

14.3 NARS FOR MECH. ENGINEERING DESIGN & PRODUCTION

The following academic reference standards represent the general expectation about
the qualifications attributes and capabilities that the graduates of Mechanical design
and production engineering programs should be able to demonstrate.

14.3.1 Knowledge and Understanding:

On successful completion of the programmes graduates must be able to demonstrate

knowledge and understanding of:
a) Concepts, principles and theories relevant to Mechanical Engineering and
manufacture;
b) Science, mathematics and the technological base relevant to Mechanical
Engineering;
c) The constraints within which his/her engineering judgment will have to be
exercised;
d) The specifications, programming and range of application of CAD and
CAD/CAM facilities
e) Relevant contemporary issues in mechanical engineering.
f) Basic electrical, control and computer engineering subjects related to the
discipline
g) The role of information technology in providing support for mechanical
engineers
h) Engineering design principles and techniques.
i) Characteristics of engineering materials
j) Management and business techniques and practices appropriate to
engineering industry.

14.3.2 Intellectual Skills

On successful completion of this programme graduate must be able to:

a) Adopt creative and innovative thinking in solving problems, and in designing
products, systems, components and processes;
b) Apply the principles of mathematics, science and technology in problem
solving scenarios in mechanical engineering;
c) Analyze and interpret data, and design experiments to obtain primary data;
 d) Design systems, components or processes to meet specific needs;
e) Evaluate and appraise designs, processes and products, and propose
improvements;
f) Assess risks, and take appropriate steps to manage those risks.
g) Interpret numerical data and apply analytical methods for engineering design
purposes
h) Use the principles of engineering science in developing solutions to practical
mechanical engineering problems.
i) Solve mechanical and product design in engineering problems.
j) Create new engineering components and processes through the synthesis of
ideas from a range of sources.
k) Use computational tools and software packages pertaining to the discipline
and develop required computer programs;

14.3.3 Professional & Practical Skills

On successful completion of the programmes, students must be able to:

a) Use a wide range of analytical and technical tools, techniques and equipment,
including pertinent software;
b) Prepare engineering drawings, computer graphics and specialized technical
reports and communicate accordingly.
c) Carry out specialized engineering designs.
d) Employ the traditional and modern CAD and CAD/CAM facilities in design and
production processes
e) Use basic workshop equipment safely;
f) Understand and apply safe systems at work;
g) Analyze experimental results and determine their accuracy and validity;
h) Use laboratory equipment and related computer software;
i) Demonstrate basic organizational and project management skills.
j) Operate and maintain mechanical equipment.
k) Refer to relevant literature effectively;
 NARS CHARACTERIZATION OF
SECTION 15 MECHANICAL POWER AND ENERGY
ENGINEERING

15.1 INTRODUCTION

Mechanical Power and Energy Engineering gains importance progressively due

to the increased level of prosperity and technology that consume extra power.
This discipline is mainly concerned with thermo-fluid sciences that are the basis for
energy conversion and power generation. In addition, Mechanical Power
and Energy engineers are concerned with other important issues like the pollution
control, energy management, heating, ventilation and air-
conditioning, transport phenomena, combustion, fluid flow,…etc.

The development of mechanical power engineering has been fundamental to the

advancement of civilization. Mechanical Power Engineering is the science and
technology of energy and its conversion to mechanical power. This includes the
major flow and combustion processes occurring in different systems.

Energy takes a number of different forms, such as mechanical energy, electrical

energy, nuclear energy, chemical energy, kinetic energy, and solar energy. Energy is
used to do the work, and the relationship between work and energy (or heat) is called
thermodynamics.

Applied thermodynamics deals with such special applications of energy transfer as

power generation, refrigeration and gas compression. The energy transfers are made
during processes which use certain fluid contained in or flowing through a system.

The techniques for calculating and evaluating internal combustion engine

performance, combustion and emissions processes and design features represent
one of major subject of the mechanical power engineering.

A basic knowledge of the principles of energy; its use, its transfer, and its conversion
from one form to another is also one of the important subjects in mechanical power
engineering. It requires understanding of different subjects such as
physics, chemistry, turbo-machinery, and mathematics.

As the population of the world grows and as fuels become scarcer, it becomes more
and more important for man to be able to control energy consumption to a high
level; first, to obtain higher efficiencies from heat or power cycles ; second,
looking for alternative fuels (cheap, less polluted, high heat release); third,
need to remove pollutants formed during processes of energy conversion; and
forth, apply safety measures. Moreover, aeronautical and space developments of
recent decades have brought special challenges; achieving high heat
release, working with special materials and suppressing acoustic interaction. It
is a challenge now for mechanical power and energy engineers to search for
alternative fuels as a new source for
energy, to link between chemical, physical and thermo-fluid properties to energy
transfer characteristics in different applications such as power stations, turbo-
machinery, vehicles, boilers, gas and steam turbines. Moreover, it is very important to
model energy transfer processes aiming at obtaining high efficiency and less
pollutants.

It is thus a mandatory to encourage a diversity of subjects provision, to encourage

institutions to explore new ways of enhancing knowledge and understanding
of students, and to instill a sense of excitement of their students

Mechanical Power and Energy Engineers help to:

• Develop power stations, boilers, gas or steam turbine, internal combustion

engines, refrigeration systems ….etc.
• Develop safety control system in the above equipment.
• Enhance the liquid, vapor and gas network piping and ducting systems.
• Develop methods for reducing the pollutant emissions from different systems.
• Improve the maintenance and the performance of the combustion equipment,
turbo-machinery and refrigeration systems.

Mechanical Power and Energy Engineers may work in:

• Processing or user industries.

• Power stations and petrochemical plants.
• Management in industries.
• Establishments concerned with cars, ships, energy generation or aerospace
and refrigeration and air conditioning.
• Safety and environmental concerns.
• Research

15.2 THE ATTRIBUTES OF A MECHANICAL POWER AND ENERGY ENGINEER

In addition to the general attributes of engineer, the Mechanical Power/Energy

engineer must be able to:
a) Apply theories and concepts of chemistry, physics, mathematics and
thermodynamics and engineering principles to mechanical power systems.
b) Apply and integrate knowledge, understanding and skills of different subjects
to solve real problems in industries.
c) Design and execute a project in the field of mechanical power engineering.
d) Evaluate the sustainability and environmental issues related to mechanical
power systems.
e) Use mathematical and computational skills in solving mechanical power
engineering problems.
f) Use energy efficiently.
g) Adapt with technological evolutions.
h) Apply industrial safety.
i) Communicate with others, present ideas and findings and lead a group
j) Develop economic solutions.
k) Take the duties and responsibilities entitled to professional engineers.
15.3 NATIONAL ACADEMIC REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR MECHANICAL
POWER AND ENERGY ENGINEERS

The following academic reference standards represent the general expectations

about the qualifications attributes capabilities that the graduates of mechanical power
and energy programmes should be able to demonstrate.

15.3.1 Knowledge and Understanding:

On successful completion of the programme graduates must be able to demonstrate

knowledge and understanding of:
a) Essential facts, fundamentals, concepts, principles and theories relevant to
Mechanical Engineering;
b) The constraints which mechanical power and energy engineers have to judge
to reach at an optimum solution.
c) Concepts and theories of basic sciences, mathematics and the technological
base relevant to Mechanical Power and Energy Engineering.
d) Business and management techniques and practices appropriate to
mechanical power and energy engineering applications.
e) The professional and ethical responsibilities of mechanical power and energy
engineers.
f) The impact of mechanical power and energy engineering solutions in a global
and societal context.
g) Mechanical power and energy engineering contemporary issues.
h) Relevant mathematical and numerical methods and the principles of
engineering and mechanical engineering sciences as applied to
mechanical power and energy engineering systems.
i) The basic theories and principles of some other engineering and mechanical
engineering disciplines providing support to mechanical power and
energy disciplines.
j) The role of information technology in providing support for mechanical power
and energy engineers.
k) Engineering design principles and techniques and their applications to
mechanical power and energy engineering.
l) Characteristics and properties of materials relevant to mechanical engineering
applications.

15.3.2 Intellectual Skills

On successful completion of this programme student must be able to:

a) Solve engineering problems and design mechanical power and energy
systems, components and elements in a creative and innovative attitude.
b) Apply the appropriate tools from mathematics, science, technology, and
the know-how gained from the professional experience to analyze
mechanical engineering design problems to meet certain needs.
c) Solve mechanical engineering problems, often on the basis of limited and
possibly contradictory information.
d) Analyze and interpret data, and design experiments to obtain new data.
e) Evaluate mechanical power and energy engineering designs, processes and
performances and propose improvements.
 f) Maintain a sound theoretical approach in dealing with new and
advancing
technology.
g) Assess risks, and consider appropriate steps to manage them.
h) Use the principles of engineering sciences in developing solutions to
practical mechanical engineering problems.
i) Create new engineering components and processes through the
synthesis of ideas from a range of sources.
j) Analyze the results of numerical models and acknowledge their
limitations.

15.3.3 Professional & Practical Skills

On successful completion of the programmes, graduates must be able to:

a) Use a wide range of analytical and technical tools, techniques and
equipment including pertinent software.
b) Use basic workshop equipment safely and appropriately.
c) Analyze experimental results and determine their accuracy and validity.
d) Prepare engineering drawings, computer graphics and specialized
technical reports.
e) Refer to scientific literature effectively.
f) Use computational tools and packages and write computer
programs pertaining to mechanical power and energy engineering.
g) Apply numerical modeling methods and/or appropriate
computational techniques to engineering problems.
h) use appropriate computer software and laboratory equipment.
i) Search for information.
j) Demonstrate basic organizational and project management skills.
k) Carryout specialized engineering design.
l) Work in mechanical power and energy operations, maintenance and ov