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Enterprise Software and
Business Infrastructure
Week 12 Summary
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.2
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Programme Overview
How information technology is used within
industrial enterprises. What is meant by
enterprise software and how it is incorporated
within the underlying IT infrastructure.
Application of computing functions in
various product processes (customer ordering and
satisfaction)
main support processes (marketing and material
processes).
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.3
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Overview (cont)
Relevance of enterprise information systems
architectures and topics such as:
enterprise wide information systems,
enterprise requirements planning (ERP) systems,
data warehousing/business intelligence and
enterprise application integration (EAI)
Advanced topics such as middleware, service
orientation and IT governance explored.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.4
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Outline Schedule
Lecture 1 Introduction to Enterprise Systems & Software
Lectures 2 - 3 Reference Models and Business Architectures
Lectures 4 - 5 IT Infrastructure & Administration of Enterprise Systems
Lectures 6 - 8 Enterprise Software Systems
Lectures 9 - 10 Myth. Messaging & Middleware
Lecture 11 Content Management
Lecture 12 Summary

Summary Lecture 12 - 12.5
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Lecture 1
Introduction to Enterprise Systems and
Software
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.6
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Enterprise Software
Typically software which solves an
enterprise problem (as opposed to a
departmental problem)
Often written using an Enterprise Software
Architecture
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.7
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Enterprise Software Characteristics
Often available as a suite of programs with
associated specialist development tools
Often proprietary, although standards are
emerging
Provide business support functionality to
improve productivity/efficiency
Business orientated tools
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.8
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Integration
Integration can be defined as bringing parts
together to make them whole or complete
IS Integration aims to overcome the isolation of
information systems
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems do not
normally provide sufficient integration by
themselves
Enterprise systems provide integration at both the
technical and organisational levels
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.9
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Summary (Lecture 1)
Previewed course content
Defined information systems, organisations, and
integration
Developed framework for enterprise systems
Developed sense of context for:
organisations
information technology
information systems
Described some of advances and failures of the old
context
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.10
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Lecture 2
Reference Models and Business
Architectures
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.11
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Definition Of Business Process
A specific ordering of work activities across
time and place, with a beginning, an end,
and clearly identified inputs and outputs
Davenport, 1993
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.12
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Business Process Management
Process change is now usually referred to
under the name of Business Process
Management
Recognises that business processes and
the way they are managed are the key
mechanisms that allow the organisation to
deliver value to its customers
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.13
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3-tier Client-server Architecture
Divides services to users into 3 tiers:
Presentation
Business logic
Data
Can have more than 3 tiers;
n-tier client-server architecture describes model
of dividing up processing with information
system
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.14
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Summary (Lecture 2)
presented the process view of an organisation
described business processes
discussed business process reengineering
defined client/server computing
described evolution and characteristics of client
server systems
discussed technical and managerial strategies for
client server systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.15
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Lecture 3
Reference Models and Business
Architectures
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.16
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Enterprise Systems And Data
Enterprise system = business processes +
state of an enterprise
Programs define and implement the
process
Data define the processes
Processes without data are empty shells
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.17
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Enterprise Systems And Data
Data management technology is key to
enable enterprise systems
The data must be managed as a whole,
flexible enough to be shared and changed
without a major overhaul of the system, and
capable of expressing complex
relationships and interactions.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.18
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Summary (Lecture 3)
Defined of database systems
Discussed data modeling and SQL
Discussed emerging requirements of
database systems
Introduced enterprise system architecture
Discussed transport management
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.19
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Lecture 4
IT Infrastructure and Administration of
Enterprise Systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.20
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Development of Enterprise Systems
The development of an enterprise system
provides the opportunity to integrate disparate
systems, provide real time information, adopt
proven systems, enforce standards, reengineer
business processes and restructure the
organisation
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.21
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Enterprise System
Implementation Phases
Enterprise System
Implementation Phases
2. Planning
3. Analysis &
Process Design
1. Initiation
4. Realisation 5. Transition
6. Operations
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.22
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Summary (Lecture 4)
Described development of enterprise
systems
Reviewed initiation and project planning
stages
Discussed analysis and process design
stage
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.23
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Lecture 5
IT Infrastructure and Administration of
Enterprise Systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.24
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Implementing Enterprise Systems
IT Governance Issues
An IT governance framework aims to:
Implement internal controls to ensure regulatory
compliance e.g. data retention, confidentiality,
financial accounting rules
Ensure IT strategy is aligned with business strategy
Make sure stakeholders interests are taken into
account
Measure return on investment in IT
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.25
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Summary (Lecture 5)
Outlined the realisation phase of enterprise
system implementation
Discussed transition approaches
Described enterprise system operations
Discussed IT governance approaches
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.26
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Lecture 6
Enterprise Software Systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.27
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Enterprise System Software
Three main elements of an Enterprise
System are:
ERP internal production, distribution and
financial processes
CRM marketing and sales processes
SCM flow of materials, information and
customers through the supply chain
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.28
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
systems
These systems provide a single solution from a
single supplier with integrated functions for major
business areas such as production, distribution,
sales, finance and human resources management.
They are normally purchased as an off-the-shelf
package which is then tailored.
ERP is particularly relevant in the integration of
supply chains in enabling organisations in the
supply chain to access one anothers databases.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.29
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What is CRM?
Customer Relationship Management
Integrated functionality for marketing, sales,
customer support and call center
requirements
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.30
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Summary (Lecture 6)
Introduced and defined enterprise system
software
Introduced ERP systems
Introduced CRM systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.31
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Lecture 7
Enterprise Software Systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.32
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Supply Chain Management
The supply chain consists of the series of
activities that moves materials from
suppliers, through operations, to customers.
Each product or service will have its own
supply chain, which may involve many
organisations in processing, transportation,
warehousing and retail.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.33
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Supply Chain Management
Supply chains more than just physical
flows, but informational (logistical, financial)
Coordination of the 2 flows (physical and
informational) that gives the organisation
competitive advantage
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.34
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Supply Chain Integration
Organisations in a supply chain can have
varying degrees of cooperation and
integration.
In order of increasing ownership, the
options are:
market relationship,
strategic partnerships and alliances
virtual organisation
vertical integration
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.35
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Summary (Lecture 7)
Introduced and define supply chain
management
Provided examples of supply chain models
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.36
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Lecture 8
Enterprise Software Systems
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.37
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The Need For Business
Intelligence
Organisations need to use their data to
support decision making in order to
improve business operations
Fast and better decision making is a
competitive imperative
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.38
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Elements Of Business Intelligence
Data Warehousing
A data warehouse is a collection of data extracted
from various operational systems and reorganized
and structured in such a way that it is fast and
efficient for querying, analysis, and decision
support
A BI system may interface directly with the
operational system, but usually for sophisticated
analysis you will need a data warehouse
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.39
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Summary (Lecture 8)
Outlined the major characteristics of
business intelligence
Described the components of business
intelligence
Described the concept of data warehousing
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.40
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Lecture 9
Myth, Messaging and Middleware
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.41
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Business Process Management
Business Process Management (BPM) is
an important approach to process
management
Can be considered both in terms of a
philosophy towards process change, and as
a supporting technology to process change
(in the form of tools for process design).
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.42
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BPM Tools
Process Mapping:
The use of a flowchart to document the process
incorporating process activities and decision points.
Business Process Simulation:
The use of computer software, in the context of a
process-based change, that allows operation of a
business to be simulated.
Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
Software that is designed to monitor, capture and analyse
business performance data in real time and present them
visually in order that rapid and effective decisions can be
taken.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.43
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BPM Tools
Activity Based Costing (ABC)
A method of allocating costs to activities
Business Process Modeling Language
(BPML)
Process Management specification language
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.44
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Summary (Lecture 9)
Introduced the concept and background to
Business Process Management
Described the steps in undertaking
Business Process Management
Described various BPM tools
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.45
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Lecture 10
Myth, Messaging and Middleware
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.46
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Enterprise Application Integration
(EAI)
The unrestricted sharing of data and
business processes among any connected
applications and data sources in the
enterprise
The demand of the enterprise is to share
data and processes without having to make
sweeping changes to the applications or
data structures
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.47
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Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA)
The concept of SOA is to develop a number
of reusable business aligned IT services
that span multiple applications across the
organisation.
SOA defines the services in such a way as
to be utilised in a manner that is
independent of the underlying application
and technology platforms.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.48
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Web Services
Web Services are derived from the convergence of
service oriented architecture and internet
technologies.
Previous distributed computing architectures
include COM+ and CORBA
Web services are self-contained business
applications delivered over the internet
Use a set of shared protocols and standards to
allow applications on disparate systems to
communicate.
i.e. provides a rapid and inexpensive solution for
application integration
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.49
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BPM And Web Services
Business Process Management (BPM) is a top-
down approach that says that although web
services are useful as components of a process,
the process design and its management must be
oriented by conscious, business-led decisions,
themselves often processes.
BPM includes metrics, computational logic and
business rules that can be embedded in process
definitions and constrain processes in accordance
with business goals, such as limiting time, cost and
resources.
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.50
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Summary (Lecture 10)
Introduced the concept of Enterprise
Application Integration
Defined Services Oriented Architecture
Introduced Web Services
Discussed the relationship between Web
Services and Business Process
Management
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.51
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Lecture 11
Content Management
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.52
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Enterprise Content Management
(ECM)
Enterprise systems such as ERP, SCM, CRM deal
with numerical data
ECM systems deal with unstructured data; the
paper documents such as invoices, contracts,
proposals, letters and invoices.
ECM provides the ability to manage documents
and complete enterprise systems (for example,
adding a document record such as a signed
contract to a customer record held in an ERP
system)
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.53
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The Elements Of ECM Systems
Key elements of ECM systems include
Search
Document Management (DM)
Collaboration
Business Process Management (BPM)
Knowledge Management (KM)
Document Lifecycle Management (DLM)
Web Content Management (WCM)
Portal Technology
Multimedia (MM)
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.54
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Enterprise Adoption Of ECM
All of the component technologies for ECM must
scale to solve the enterprise business problem
If only one component technology fails to scale the
entire ECM implementation will fail
The key enabling technologies for the scale of
deployments has been the cost of network
connections, bandwidth, memory and CPU
required to drive the applications
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.55
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Summary (Lecture 11)
Introduced the concept and need for
Enterprise Content Management systems
Described the elements of ECM
Discussed the issue of enterprise adoption
of ECM
Summary Lecture 12 - 12.56
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