183

Job No.

Sheet
1
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006

DESIGN EXAMPLE 12 DESIGN OF A LIPPED CHANNEL IN AN EXPOSED FLOOR
Design a simply supported beam with a lipped channel in an exposed floor. The
material is stainless steel grade 1.4401 CP500, i.e. cold worked to a yield strength of
500 N/mm
2
. The beam is simply supported with a span, l of 4 m. The distance
between adjacent beams is 1 m.

As the load is not applied through the shear centre of the channel, it is necessary to
check the interaction between the torsional resistance of the cross-section and the
lateral torsional buckling resistance of the member. However, this example only
checks the lateral torsional buckling resistance of the member.


Factors
Partial factor M0 = 1,1 and M1 = 1,1 Table 2.1
Load factor G = 1,35 (permanent loads) and Q = 1,5 (variable loads) Section 2.3.2

Actions
Permanent actions (G): 2 kN/m
2

Variable actions (Q): 3 kN/m
2

Load case to be considered in the ultimate limit state:
m / kN 2 , 7 Q G q
j
1 , k 1 , Q j , k j , G
*
= + =

Eq. 2.3

Structural Analysis
Reactions at support points (Design shear force)
kN
q
V
Ed
4 , 14
2
4
*
=

=

Design bending moment
kNm
q
M
Ed
4 , 14
8
4
2 *
=

=


Material Properties
Yield strength fy = 500 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity E = 200 000 N/mm
2

Shear modulus G = 76900 N/mm
2

Table 3.5
Section 3.2.4
Section 3.2.4

Cross-section Properties
The influence of rounded corners on cross-section resistance may be neglected if the
internal radius r 5t and r 0,10b
p
and the cross section may be assumed to consist of
plane elements with sharp corners. For cross-section stiffness properties the influence of
rounded corners should always be taken into account.
Section 4.6.2


184
Job No.

Sheet
2
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006






h = 160 mm
b = 125 mm
c = 30 mm
t = 5 mm
r = 5 mm



mm 6 , 115 g 2 t b b
r p
= = Figure 4.5
( ) ( ) | | mm 2 , 2 2 sin 2 tan r g
m r
= =
mm 5 , 7 2 t r r
m
= + =
mm 25 t 5 mm 5 r = =
mm 56 , 11 b 10 , 0 mm 5 r
p
= =
The influence of rounded corners on section properties may be taken into account with
sufficient accuracy by reducing the properties calculated for an otherwise similar
cross-section with sharp corners, using the following approximations:

Notional flat width of the flange, mm 61 , 115 g 2 t b b
r f , p
= =
Notional flat width of the web, mm 61 , 150 g 2 t h b
r w , p
= =
Notional flat width of the lip, mm 30 , 25 g 2 / t c b
r l , p
= =
Ag,sh = 2162 mm
2

Iyg,sh = 9,06910
6
mm
4

=
02 , 0 b /
90
r 43 , 0
m
1 i
i , p
o
j
n
1 j
j
=

= =

Eq 4.21
Ag = Ag,sh (1 - ) = 2119 mm
2
Eq 4.18
I
g
= I
g,sh
(1 - 2) = 8,708 10
6
mm
4
Eq 4.19

Classification of the cross-section Section 4.3
669 , 0
210000
E
f
235
5 , 0
y
=
(
(

=
Table 4.2

Flange: Internal compression parts. Part subjected to compression.
mm 6 , 115 g 2 t b b c
r p
= = =
c/t=23,12 > 30,7 , therefore the flanges are Class 4
Web: Internal compression parts. Part subjected to bending.
b
h
r
t
y
z
c
z
y

185
Job No.

Sheet
3
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006
c=h-t-2gr=150,6 mm
c/t=30,12 56 , therefore the web is Class 1
Lip: Outstand flanges. Part subjected to compression, tip in compression,
mm 30 , 25 g 2 / t c c
r
= =
c/t=5,06 10 , therefore the lip is Class 1

Calculation of the effective section properties Section 4.4.1
Flange effective width: Internal compression elements. Part subjected to compression. Table 4.3
mm 6 , 115 g 2 t b b b
r p
= = =

Assuming uniform stress distribution in the compression flange:
1
1
2
=

= and the buckling factor k

=4

608 , 0
k 4 , 28
t b
p
=

Eq 4.2
Cold formed internal elements: 1 11 93 , 0
125 , 0 772 , 0
2
p
p
< =

=

mm 64 , 107 b b
eff
= = , be1= 0,5beff = 53,82 mm, be2= 0,5beff = 53,82 mm


Effects of shear lag Section 4.4.2
Shear lag in flanges may be neglected if b
0
< L
e
/50, where b
0
is taken as the flange
outstand or half the width of an internal element and L
e
is the length between points of
zero bending moment.

For internal elements: bo=(b-t)/2=60 mm
The length between points of zero bending moment: Le=4000 mm, L
e
/50=80 mm
Therefore shear lag can be neglected

Flange curling Section 4.4.3
55 , 2
z t
b
E
2 u
2
4
s
2
2
a
=

= mm
prEN 1993-
1-3, clause
5.4
bs=141 mm is the distance between webs
t=5mm
z=77,5 mm is the distance of the flange under consideration from neutral axis
a is mean stress in the flanges calculated with gross area (fy=500 N/mm
2
is assumed)
Flange curling can be neglected if it is less than 5% of the depth of the profile cross-
section:

u=2,55 mm < 0,05h=8 mm, therefore flange curling can be neglected.

186
Job No.

Sheet
4
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006
Stiffened elements. Edge stiffeners
Distortional buckling. Plane elements with edge stiffeners

Section 4.5.1
and prEN
1993-1-3,
clause 5.5.3
Step 1: Initial effective cross-section for the stiffener
For flanges (as calculated before)
b=125 mm
bp=115,61 mm
beff=107,65 mm
be1=0,5beff=53,82 mm
be2=0,5beff=53,82 mm
prEN 1993-
1-3, clause
5.5.3.2
For the lip, the effective width ceff should be calculated using the corresponding
buckling factor k

,
p
and expressions as follows:

bp,c=c-t/2-gr=25,30 mm
bp=115,6 mm
bp,c/bp=0,22 < 0,35 then k

=0,5 prEN 1993-

( mm 30 b = )
Eq 4.2
Cold formed outstand elements: 1 08 , 1
231 , 0 1
2
p
p
> =

= then =1
Eq 4.1b
c
eff
=b
p,c
=25,30 mm prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq.
5.13a
Step 2: Reduction factor for distortional buckling
Calculation of geometric properties of effective edge stiffener section
be2 =53,82 mm
ceff=25,30 mm
As=(be2+ceff)t=395,64 mm
2


187
Job No.

Sheet
5
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006
y
y
b
c
a
e2
b
eff
r
r
t/2
g
t/2
g


ya=4,01 mm
yb=18,27 mm

Is=21211,8 mm
4
prEN 1993-
1-3, Fig. 5.9

Calculation of linear spring stiffness
( )
487 , 2
5 , 0
1
1 4
2 1
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
=
+ +
=
f w w
k h b b b h b
Et
K

N/mm
2

prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq.
5.10b
b1=b-yb-t/2=104,23 mm (the distance from the web-to-flange junction to the gravity
center of the effective area of the edge stiffener, including the efficient part of the
flange be2)

kf=0 (flange 2 is in tension)
hw=150 mm is the web depth
Elastic critical buckling stress for the effective stiffener section
2
s
s
s , cr
mm N 195 , 519
A
KEI 2
= =
prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq. 5.15
Reduction factor d for distortional buckling
98 , 0 f
s , cr yb
d
= =

0,65<
d
<1,38 then 76 , 0 723 , 0 47 , 1
d
d
= =
prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq.
5.12d
Reduced area and thickness of effective stiffener section
2
Ed , com
0 M yb
s d red , s
mm 88 , 300
f
A A =

=
prEN 1993-
1-3, Eq. 5.17
tred=tAs,red/As=3,8 mm
Calculation of effective section properties with distortional buckling effect
Aeff,sh=2028 mm
2

=
02 , 0 b /
90
r 43 , 0
m
1 i
i , p
o
j
n
1 j
j
=

= =

Eq 4.21
Aeff = Aeff,sh (1 - ) = 1987 mm
2



Eq 4.18

188
Job No.

Sheet
6
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006
zG=68,98 mm (distance from the bottom fibre to the neutral axis)
Iy,eff,sh=8,27410
6
mm
4

I
y,eff
= I
y,eff,sh
(1 - 2) = 7,94310
6
mm
4
Eq 4.19
Wy,eff, sup=92,3410
3
mm
3

Wy,eff, inf=115,210
3
mm
3


Resistance of cross-section Section 4.7
Cross-section subject to bending moment Section 4.7.4
kNm 97 , 41 / f W M
0 M y min , eff , y Rd , c
= = for Class 4 cross-section Eq. 4.29
Design bending moment kNm 4 , 14 M
Ed
=
Cross-section moment resistance is Ok

Cross-section subject to shear Section 4.7.5
( ) kN 95 , 209 / 3 f A V
0 M y v Rd , pl
= =
Eq. 4.30
Av=800 mm
2
is the shear area
Design shear force kN 4 , 14 V
Ed
=
Cross-section shear resistance is Ok

Cross-section subjected to combination of loads Section 4.7.6
VEd=14,4 kN > 0,5Vpl,Rd=104,97 kN
There is no interaction between bending moment and shear force

Flexural members Section 5.4
Lateral-torsional buckling Section 5.4.2
M1 y sup , eff , y LT Rd , b
f W M = for Class 4 cross-section Eq 5.8
| |
1

1
5 , 0
2
LT
2
LT LT
LT

+
=
Eq 5.9
( ) ( )
2
LT LT LT LT
4 , 0 1 5 , 0 + + =
Eq 5.10
cr
y eff , y
LT
M
f W
= Eq 5.11
LT=0,34 for cold formed sections
Determination of the elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling
( )
( )
( ) ( )
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

(
(

+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
j 3 g 2
2 / 1
2
j 3 g 2
z
2
t
2
z
z
w
2
w
z
2
z
z
2
1 cr
z C z C z C z C
EI
GI L k
I
I
k
k
L k
EI
C M
Appendix B,
Section B.1

189
Job No.

Sheet
7
of
7
Rev
A
Job Title
RFCS Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Subject
Design Example 12 Design of a lipped channel in a
exposed floor
Made by
ER/EM
Date
Feb 2006
Dept. Ingeniera de la Construccin
Mdulo C1 Campus Norte
C/Jordi Girona, 1-3
08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +34 93 401 6516
Fax: +34 93 405 4135
CALCULATION SHEET
Client

RFCS
Checked by
HB
Date
March 2006
For simply supported beams with uniform distributed load: C1=1,12, C2=0,45 and
C3=0,525.

Assuming normal conditions of restraint at each end: kz=kw=1
zj=0 for equal flanged section
zg = za-zs=h/2=80 mm
za is the co-ordinate of point load application
zs is the co-ordinate of the shear centre
yG=45,34 mm (distance from the central axis of the web to the gravity centre)
Iz,sh=4,27410
6
mm
4

It,sh=18,0210
3
mm
4

Iw,sh=23,1910
9
mm
6

Iz=Iz,sh (1 - 2) = 4,10310
6
mm
4

It= It,sh (1 - 2) =17,3010
3
mm
4

Iw= Iw,sh (1 - 4) =21,3310
9
mm
6

Note: The expression used to determine the warping torsion is obtained from Wei-
Wen You, Cold-Formed Steel Design, Appendix B-Torsion

Then,
( )
( )
( ) ( ) kNm 74 , 33 z C z C
EI
GI L k
I
I
k
k
L k
EI
C M
g 2
2 / 1
2
g 2
z
2
t
2
z
z
w
2
w
z
2
z
z
2
1 cr
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

(
(

+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

17 , 1
M
f W
cr
y sup , eff , y
LT
= = (Wy,eff, sup=92,3910
3
mm
3
, compression flange)

( ) ( ) 315 , 1 4 , 0 1 5 , 0
2
LT LT LT
= + + =
LT


| |
522 , 0

1
5 , 0
2
LT
2
LT LT
LT
=
+
=

kNm 91 , 21 f W M
M1 y sup , eff , y LT Rd , b
= =
Design moment kNm 4 , 14 M
Ed
= , therefore lateral torsional buckling resistance Ok
Note: As the load is not applied through the shear centre of the channel, it is also
necessary to check the interaction between the torsional resistance of the cross-section
and the lateral torsional buckling resistance of the member.


Shear buckling resistance Section 5.4.3
The shear buckling resistance only requires checking when 52 t / h
w
for an
unstiffened web.

The recommended value for = 1,20
28 t / h
w
= , 99 , 28 52 = , therefore no further check required.


190
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