THE PSYCHE AND EMOTIONS IN CHINESE MEDICINE Giovanni Maciocia Le coeur a ses raisons que la Raison ne connait point.

Pascal, Pensees Cop ri!"t # $ Maciocia, %&&'

HEART()I STA$NATION Palpitations, a *eelin! o* +istension or oppression o* t"e c"est, +epression, a sli!"t *eelin! o* lu,p in t"e t"roat, sli!"t s"ortness o* -reat", si!"in!, poor appetite, c"est an+ upper epi!astric +istension, +isli.e o* l in! +o/n, /ea. an+ col+ li,-s, sli!"tl purple lips, pale co,ple0ion. Ton!ue1 sli!"tl Pale(Purple on t"e si+es in t"e c"est area. Pulse1 E,pt -ut 2er sli!"tl O2er*lo/in! on t"e Le*t(3ront position. HE(4 Ton!li, HE(5 S"en,en, P(6 Nei!uan, Ren(74 8iu/ei, Ren(75 S"an9"on!, L:(5 Lieque, ST('& 3en!lon!, L.I.(' He!u. Prescription Mu ;ian! Liu )i Yin Aucklandia Flowing Qi Decoction. <an ;ia Hou Po Tan! Pinellia-Magnolia Decoction. =TT Open the Heart> L:N$()I STA$NATION A *eelin! o* lu,p in t"e t"roat, +i**icult in s/allo/in!, a *eelin! o* oppression or +istension o* t"e c"est, sli!"t -reat"lessness, si!"in!, sa+ness, sli!"t an0iet , +epression. Ton!ue1 sli!"tl Re+ on t"e si+es in t"e c"est areas. Pulse1 2er sli!"tl Ti!"t on t"e ri!"t(3ront position. L:(5 Lieque, ST('& 3en!lon!, Ren(74 8iu/ei, P(6 Nei!uan. Prescription <an ;ia Hou Po Tan! Pinella-Magnolia Decoction.

THE EMOTIONS T"e C"inese ter, *or /"at /e translate as ?e,otion@ is ?qing@ /"ic" is co,pose+ o* t"e ra+ical *or ?"eart@ an+ anot"er co,ponent t"at is partl p"onetic an+ partl con2e in! t"e i+ea o* ?purit @, i.e. t"ose *eelin!s /"ic" are pure an+ natural to t"e "eart o* a "u,an -ein!. T"e /or+ ?e,otion@ itsel* is not a !oo+ ter, to in+icate t"e C"inese 2ie/ o* t"e ?e,otional@ causes o* +isease. T"e /or+ ?e,otion@ +eri2es *ro, Latin an+ it re*ers to ?e-movere@, i.e. to ?,o2e out@1 it is use+ to in+icate an *eelin! o* t"e ,in+ as +istinct *ro, t"e co!niti2e or 2olitional states o* consciousness. In t"is sense, t"e ter, ?e,otion@ ,a re*er to an *eelin! suc" as *ear, Ao , "ope, surprise, +esire, a2ersion, pleasure, pain, etc.1 it is t"ere*ore not entirel suita-le as a ter, +enotin! t"e e,otions as inten+e+ in C"inese ,e+icine. It is interestin! to note t"at t"e /or+ use+ to in+icate a su**erin! o* t"e ,in+ ori!inall /as ?passion@ rat"er t"an ?e,otion@. T"e /or+ ?passion@ +eri2es *ro, t"e Latin 2er- ?patire@ /"ic" ,eans ?to su**er@. T"e /or+ ?e,otion@ replace+ ?passion@ onl in t"e ti,e -et/een Descartes an+ Rousseau, i.e. -et/een 764& an+ 754& =as t"e *or,er use+ t"e /or+ ?passion@ an+ t"e latter t"e /or+ ?e,otion@>. T"e /or+ ?passion@ /oul+ con2e t"e i+ea o* ,ental su**erin! -etter t"an ?e,otion@ also -ecause it i,plies t"e i+ea o* so,et"in! t"at is ?su**ere+@, so,et"in! t"at /e are su-Aect to. In+ee+, *eelin!s suc" as sa+ness, *ear, an!er -eco,e causes o* +isease /"en t"e ta.e o2er our ,in+, /"en /e no lon!er possess t"e, -ut t"e ?possess@ us. In+ee+ t"e C"inese e0pression ,ost C"inese -oo.s use to +escri-e t"e ?sti,ulation@ or ?e0citation@ pro+uce+ - t"e e,otions is ci ji /"ere ?ji@ contains t"e ra+ical *or ?/ater@ an+ ,eans to ?s/as", sur!e@ as a /a2e +oes, i.e. it +enotes t"e sur!e o* e,otions li.e a /a2e t"at carries us a/a . E,otions are ,ental sti,uli /"ic" in*luence our a**ecti2e li*e. :n+er nor,al circu,stances, t"e are not a cause o* +isease. Har+l an "u,an -ein! can a2oi+ -ein! an!r , sa+, a!!rie2e+, /orrie+, or a*rai+ at so,e ti,e in "is or "er li*e -ut t"ose states /ill not lea+ to an +is"ar,on . 3or e0a,ple, t"e +eat" o* a relati2e pro2o.es a 2er natural *eelin! o* !rie*. T"e e,otions -eco,e causes o* +isease onl /"en t"e are eit"er lon!(lastin!, or 2er intense. It is onl /"en /e are in a particular e,otional state *or a lon! ti,e =,ont"s or ears> t"at t"e -eco,e a cause o* +isease1 *or e0a,ple, i* a particular *a,il or /or. situation ,a.es us an!r an+ *rustrate+ in an on(!oin! /a , t"is /ill a**ect t"e Li2er an+ cause an internal +is"ar,on . In a *e/ cases, e,otions can -eco,e a cause o* +isease in a 2er s"ort ti,e i* t"e are intense enou!"1 s"oc. is t"e -est e0a,ple o* suc" a situation. T"e e,otions an+ t"e Internal Or!ans T"e e,otions ta.en into consi+eration in C"inese ,e+icine "a2e 2arie+ o2er t"e ears. 3ro, a 4(Ele,ent perspecti2e, t"e Yello/ E,perorBs Classic consi+ere+ 4 e,otions, eac" one a**ectin! a speci*ic Yin or!an1 CAn!er a**ectin! t"e Li2er C8o a**ectin! t"e Heart CPensi2eness a**ectin! t"e Spleen CDorr a**ectin! t"e Lun!s C3ear a**ectin! t"e Ei+ne s. C"apter 4 o* t"e ?Si,ple )uestions@ sa s1 ?Anger injures the iver! sadness counteracts anger"""jo# injures the Heart! $ear counteracts jo#"""pensiveness injures the %pleen! anger counteracts pensiveness"""worr# injures the ungs! jo# counteracts

worr#"""$ear injures the &idne#s! pensiveness counteracts $ear.@ An interestin! *eature o* t"is passa!e is t"at eac" e,otion is sai+ to counteract anot"er alon! t"e Controllin! Sequence o* t"e 4 Ele,ents. 3or e0a,ple, *ear pertains to t"e Ei+ne s an+ Dater, Dater controls 3ire =Heart>, t"e e,otion relate+ to t"e Heart is Ao , "ence *ear counteracts Ao . T"is t"in.in! presents so,e interestin! i+eas /"ic" are certainl true in practice, e.!. t"at ?an!er counteracts pensi2eness@. Ho/e2er, t"ese are not - an ,eans t"e onl e,otions +iscusse+ in t"e Yello/ E,perorBs Classic. In ot"er passa!es sa+ness an+ s"oc. are a++e+, !i2in! 5 e,otions1 THE 5 EMOTIONS AND THE INTERNAL OR$ANS .An!er a**ects t"e Li2er .8o a**ects t"e Heart .Sa+ness a**ects t"e Lun!s an+ Heart .Dorr a**ects t"e Lun!s an+ Spleen .Pensi2eness a**ects t"e Spleen .3ear a**ects t"e Ei+ne s .S"oc. a**ects t"e Heart. E33ECT O3 EMOTIONS ON )I .An!er ,a.es )i rise .8o slo/s )i +o/n .Sa+ness +issol2es )i .Dorr .nots )i .Pensi2eness .nots )i .3ear ,a.es )i +escen+ .S"oc. scatters )i. Eac" e,otion is sai+ to "a2e a particular e**ect on t"e circulation o* )i. T"e FSi,ple )uestionsF in c"apter GH sa s1 FAnger makes Qi rise! jo# slows down Qi! sadness dissolves Qi! $ear makes Qi descend"""shock scatters Qi"""pensiveness knots Qi"""F. Dr C"en Yan in FA Treatise on t"e T"ree Cate!ories o* Causes o* DiseasesF =775'> sa s1 F'o# scatters! anger arouses! worr# makes Qi unsmooth! pensiveness knots! sadness makes Qi tight! $ear sinks! shock movesF. Ho/e2er, t"e a-o2e are not t"e onl ter,s use+ in t"e Nei 8in!. THE EMOTIONS AND THE OR$ANS T"e e**ect o* eac" e,otion on a rele2ant or!an s"oul+ not -e interprete+ too restricti2el . T"ere are passa!es *ro, t"e Yello/ E,perorBs Classic /"ic" attri-ute t"e e**ect o* e,otions to or!ans ot"er t"an t"e ones Aust ,entione+. 3or e0a,ple, t"e FSpiritual A0isF in c"apter %I sa s1 F(orr# and pensiveness agitate the HeartF. T"e FSi,ple )uestionsF in c"apter GH sa s1 F%adness agitates the Heart"""F. T"e e**ect o* an e,otion also +epen+s on ot"er circu,stances an+ on /"et"er t"e e,otion is ,ani*este+ or represse+. 3or e0a,ple, an!er /"ic" is e0presse+ a**ects t"e Li2er =causin! Li2er( Yan! risin!>, -ut an!er /"ic" is represse+ also a**ects t"e Heart. I* one !ets an!r at ,eal(ti,es =as sa+l o*ten "appens in certain *a,ilies>, t"e an!er /ill a**ect t"e Sto,ac" an+ t"is /ill -e ,ani*este+ /it" a Dir qualit on t"e ri!"t Mi++le position o* t"e pulse. T"e e**ect o* an e,otion /ill also +epen+ on t"e constitutional trait o* a person. 3or e0a,ple, i* a person "as a ten+enc to a constitutional /ea.ness o* t"e Heart

=,ani*este+ /it" a ,i+line crac. on t"e ton!ue e0ten+in! all t"e /a to t"e tip>, *ear /ill a**ect t"e Heart rat"er t"an t"e Ei+ne s. ALL EMOTIONS A33ECT THE HEART All e,otions, -esi+es a**ectin! t"e rele2ant or!an +irectl , a**ect t"e Heart in+irectl -ecause t"e Heart "ouses t"e Min+. It alone, -ein! responsi-le *or consciousness an+ *eelin!, can reco!ni9e an+ *eel t"e e**ect o* e,otional tension. 3ei <o ;ion! =7I&&(7I5H> put it 2er clearl /"en "e sai+1 F)he seven emotions injure the * +in organs selectivel#! ,ut the# all a$$ect the Heart" 'o# injures the Heart"""Anger injures the iver! the iver cannot recogni-e anger ,ut the Heart can! hence it a$$ects ,oth iver and Heart" (orr# injures the ungs! the ungs cannot recogni-e it ,ut the Heart can! hence it a$$ects ,oth ungs and Heart" Pensiveness injures the %pleen! the %pleen cannot recognise it ,ut the Heart can! hence it a$$ects ,oth %pleen and Heart"F. Yu C"an! in FPrinciples o* Me+ical PracticeF =764I> sa s1 F(orr# agitates the Heart and has repercussions on the ungs. pensiveness agitates the Heart and has repercussions on the %pleen. anger agitates the Heart and has repercussions on the iver. $ear agitates the Heart and has repercussions on the &idne#s" )here$ore all the $ive emotions /including jo#0 a$$ect the HeartF. C"apter %I o* t"e ?Spiritual A0is@ also sa s t"at all e,otions a**ect t"e Heart1 ?)he Heart is the Master o$ the * +in and 1 +ang Organs"""sadness! shock and worr# agitate the Heart! when the Heart is agitated the * +in and 1 +ang Organs are shaken.@ C"inese /ritin! clearl -ears out t"e i+ea t"at all e,otions a**ect t"e Heart since t"e c"aracters *or all se2en e,otions are -ase+ on t"e F"eartF ra+ical. T"is is pro-a-l t"e ,ost i,portant aspect o* t"e Heart *unctions an+ t"e ,ain reason *or it -ein! co,pare+ to t"e ?,onarc"@. T"e /a t"at all e,otions a**lict t"e Heart also e0plains /" a re+ tip o* t"e ton!ue, in+icatin! Heart(Heat, is so co,,onl seen e2en in e,otional pro-le,s relate+ to ot"er or!ans. E33ECTS O3 EMOTIONS AS CA:SES O3 DISEASE T"e *irst e**ect o* e,otional stress on t"e -o+ is to a**ect t"e proper circulation an+ +irection o* )i. )i is non(su-stantial an+ t"e Min+ /it" its ,ental an+ e,otional ener!ies is t"e ,ost non(,aterial t pe o* )i. It is t"ere*ore natural t"at e,otional stress a**ectin! t"e Min+ i,pairs t"e circulation o* )i an+ +isrupts t"e )i Mec"anis, *irst o* all. Alt"ou!" eac" e,otion "as a particular e**ect on )i, e.!. an!er ,a.es it rise, sa+ness +epletes it, etc. all e,otions "a2e a ten+enc to cause so,e sta!nation o* )i a*ter so,e ti,e. E2en t"e e,otions t"at +eplete )i suc" as sa+ness ,a "a2e t"is e**ect -ecause i* )i is +e*icient it cannot circulate properl an+ it t"ere*ore ,a ten+ to sta!nate. 3or e0a,ple, sa+ness +epletes Lun!()i in t"e c"est1 t"e +e*icient )i in t"e c"est *ails to circulate properl an+ it causes so,e sta!nation o* )i in t"e c"est. D"en )i sta!nates, it ,a , in ti,e, lea+ to <loo+ stasis, especiall in /o,en. <loo+ stasis a**ects particularl t"e Heart, Li2er an+ :terus. )i sta!nation ,a also lea+ to Heat, an+ ,ost o* t"e e,otions can, o2er a lon! perio+ o* ti,e, !i2e rise to Heat or 3ire. T"ere is a sa in! in C"inese Me+icine1 ?T"e *i2e e,otions can turn into 3ire@. T"is is -ecause ,ost o* t"e e,otions can cause sta!nation o* )i an+ /"en )i is co,presse+ in t"is /a o2er a perio+ o* ti,e it creates Heat, Aust as t"e te,perature o* a !as increases /"en its pressure is increase+.

3or t"is reason, /"en so,eone "as su**ere+ *ro, e,otional pro-le,s *or a lon! ti,e, t"ere are o*ten si!ns o* Heat, /"ic" ,a -e in t"e Li2er, Heart, Lun!s or Ei+ne s =in t"e case o* t"is last or!an, E,pt (Heat>. T"is o*ten s"o/s on t"e ton!ue /"ic" -eco,es re+ or +ar. re+ an+ +r , an+ possi-l "as a re+ tip. A re+ tip o* t"e ton!ue is a 2er co,,on si!n in practice /"ic" is al/a s a relia-le in+icator t"at t"at patient is su-Aect to so,e e,otional stress. Dit" ti,e, Heat ,a turn into 3ire /"ic" is ,ore intense, ,ore +r in! an+ it a**ects t"e Min+ ,ore. T"ere*ore, e,otional stress ,a , in ti,e, cause 3ire an+ t"is, in turn, "arasses t"e Min+ causin! a!itation an+ an0iet . T"e +isruption o* )i cause+ - t"e e,otions ,a , in ti,e, also lea+ to t"e *or,ation o* P"le!,. As t"e proper ,o2e,ent o* )i in t"e ri!"t +irection in t"e )i Mec"anis, is essential to trans*or,, transport an+ e0crete *lui+s, t"e +isruption in t"e ,o2e,ent o* )i ,a result in t"e *or,ation o* P"le!,. P"le!,, in turn, o-structs t"e Min+Bs ori*ices an+ -eco,es a *urt"er cause o* e,otional an+ ,ental +istur-ance. 3O:R POINTS TO REMEM<ER1 7> DO NOT INTERPRET RELATIONSHIP <ETDEEN AN OR$AN AND AN EMOTION TOO RI$IDLY =e.!. sa+ness ,a a**ect t"e Li2er> %> DO NOT INTERPRET RELATIONSHIP <ETDEEN AN EMOTION AND ITS E33ECT ON )I TOO RI$IDLY =e.!. *ear ,a ,a.e )i ascen+> G> ALL EMOTIONS A33ECT THE HEART '> OTHER OR$ANS <ESIDES THE LIJER S:33ER 3ROM )I STA$NATION 3ROM EMOTIONAL STRESS =e.!. HEART AND L:N$S> THE EMOTIONS ( AN$ER 7. AN$ER T"e ter, ?an!er@, per"aps ,ore t"an an o* t"e ot"er e,otions, s"oul+ -e interprete+ 2er -roa+l , to inclu+e se2eral ot"er allie+ e,otional states, suc" as resent,ent, represse+ an!er, irrita-ilit , *rustration, ra!e, "atre+, in+i!nation, ani,osit or -itterness. I* t"e persist *or a lon! ti,e, an o* t"ese e,otional states can a**ect t"e Li2er causin! sta!nation o* Li2er()i or risin! o* Li2er(Yan!. T"ese are t"e t/o ,ost co,,on Li2er +is"ar,onies arisin! out o* t"e a-o2e e,otional pro-le,s. An!er =inten+e+ in t"e -roa+ sense outline+ a-o2e> ,a.es )i rise an+ ,an o* t"e s ,pto,s an+ si!ns /ill ,ani*est in t"e "ea+ an+ nec., suc" as "ea+ac"es, +i99iness, tinnitus, nec. sti**ness, re+ -lotc"es on t"e *ront part o* t"e nec., a re+ *ace. One o* t"e ,ost co,,on s ,pto,s cause+ - an!er is "ea+ac"e. C"apter I o* t"e ?Spiritual A0is@ sa s1 ?Anger causes mental con$usion"@ T"e ?Si,ple )uestions@ in c"apter GH sa s1 ?Anger makes Qi rise and causes vomiting o$ 2lood and diarrhoea@. It causes 2o,itin! o* <loo+ -ecause it ,a.es Li2er()i an+ Li2er( Yan! rise an+ it causes +iarr"oea -ecause it causes Li2er()i to in2a+e t"e Spleen. C"apter G o* t"e ?Si,ple )uestions@ sa s1 ?%evere anger severs ,od# and Qi! 2lood stagnates in the upper part and the person ma# su$$er a s#ncope"@ T"e e**ect o* an!er on t"e Li2er +epen+s, on t"e one "an+, on t"e personBs reaction to t"e e,otional sti,ulus an+, on t"e ot"er "an+, on ot"er concurrent *actors. I* t"e an!er is -ottle+ up it /ill cause sta!nation o* Li2er()i, /"ereas i* it is e0presse+ it /ill cause Li2er(Yan! risin! or Li2er(3ire -la9in!. In a /o,an sta!nation o* Li2er()i ,a easil lea+ to stasis o* Li2er(<loo+. I* t"e person also su**ers *ro, so,e Ei+ne (Yin +e*icienc =per"aps *ro, o2er/or.>, t"en "e or s"e /ill +e2elop Li2er(Yan! risin!. I*,

on t"e ot"er "an+, t"e person "as a ten+enc to Heat =per"aps *ro, e0cessi2e consu,ption o* "ot *oo+s>, t"en "e or s"e /ill ten+ to +e2elop Li2er(3ire -la9in!. An!er +oes not al/a s ,ani*est out/ar+l /it" out-ursts o* an!er, irrita-ilit , s"outin!, re+ *ace, etc. So,e in+i2i+uals ,a carr an!er insi+e t"e, *or ears /it"out e2er ,ani*estin! it. In particular, lon!(stan+in! +epression ,a -e +ue to represse+ an!er or resent,ent. <ecause t"e person is 2er +epresse+, "e or s"e ,a loo. 2er su-+ue+ an+ pale, /al. slo/l an+ spea. /it" a lo/ 2oice, all si!ns /"ic" one /oul+ associate /it" a +epletion o* )i an+ <loo+ +eri2in! *ro, sa+ness or !rie*. Ho/e2er, /"en an!er rat"er t"an sa+ness is t"e cause o* +isease, t"e pulse an+ ton!ue /ill clearl s"o/ it1 t"e pulse /ill -e 3ull an+ Dir an+ t"e ton!ue /ill -e Re+ /it" re++er si+es an+ /it" a +r ello/ coatin!. T"is t pe o* +epression is ,ost pro-a-l +ue to lon!( stan+in! resent,ent o*ten "ar-oure+ to/ar+s a ,e,-er o* t"at personBs *a,il . In so,e cases an!er can a**ect ot"er or!ans, especiall t"e Sto,ac". T"is can -e +ue to sta!nant Li2er()i in2a+in! t"e Sto,ac" or to Sto,ac"()i sta!nation itsel*. Suc" a con+ition is ,ore li.el to occur i* one !ets an!r at ,eal(ti,es, /"ic" ,a "appen i* *a,il ,eals -eco,e occasions *or re!ular ro/s. It also "appens /"en t"ere is a pre( e0istin! /ea.ness o* t"e Sto,ac", in /"ic" case t"e an!er ,a a**ect onl t"e Sto,ac" /it"out e2en a**ectin! t"e Li2er. I* one re!ularl !ets an!r an "our or t/o a*ter ,eals, t"en t"e an!er /ill a**ect t"e Intestines rat"er t"an t"e Sto,ac". T"is "appens, *or e0a,ple, /"en one !oes strai!"t -ac. to a stress*ul an+ *rustratin! Ao- a*ter lunc". In t"is case, sta!nant Li2er( )i in2a+es t"e Intestines or t"e )i o* t"e Intestines sta!nates +irectl an+ causes a-+o,inal pain, +istension an+ alternation o* constipation /it" +iarr"oea. 3inall , an!er, li.e all ot"er e,otions, also a**ects t"e Heart. T"is is particularl prone to -e a**ecte+ - an!er also -ecause, *ro, a 4(Ele,ent perspecti2e, t"e Li2er is t"e ,ot"er o* t"e Heart an+ o*ten Li2er(3ire is trans,itte+ to t"e Heart !i2in! rise to Heart(3ire. An!er ,a.es t"e Heart *ull /it" -loo+ rus"in! to it. Dit" ti,e, t"is lea+s to <loo+(Heat a**ectin! t"e Heart an+ t"ere*ore t"e Min+. An!er ten+s to a**ect t"e Heart particularl /"en t"e person +oes a lot o* Ao!!in!, "urr in! or e0ercisin!. THE EMOTIONS ( 8OY %. 8OY T"e ter, ?Ao @ s"oul+ -e interprete+ -roa+l . O-2iousl Ao is not in itsel* a cause o* +isease. In *act, t"e ?Su Den@ in c"apter GH sa s1 ?'o# makes the Mind peace$ul and rela3ed! it ,ene$its the 4utritive and De$ensive Qi and it makes Qi rela3 and slow down@. T"e ?Su Den@ in c"apter % sa s1 ?)he Heart " " " controls 'o#! 'o# injures the Heart! Fear counteracts 'o#@. T"e ?Lin! S"u@ sa s in c"apter I1 ? 53cessive jo# disperses the Mind out o$ its residence.@ D"at is ,eant - FAo F as a cause o* +isease is o-2iousl not a state o* "ealt" content,ent -ut one o* e0cessi2e e0cite,ent an+ cra2in! /"ic" can inAure t"e Heart. T"is "appens to people /"o li2e in a state o* continuous ,ental sti,ulation ="o/e2er pleasura-le> or e0cessi2e e0cite,ent1 in ot"er /or+s, a li*e o* F"ar+ pla in!F. T"is lea+s to e0cessi2e sti,ulation o* t"e Heart an+, in ti,e, can lea+ to Heart(3ire or Heart E,pt (Heat, +epen+in! on t"e un+erl in! con+ition. Inor+inate cra2in! is an aspect o* t"e e,otion FAo F an+ it stirs up t"e Minister 3ire /"ic" o2er(sti,ulates t"e Min+. 8o ,a.es t"e Heart lar!er. T"is lea+s to e0cessi2e sti,ulation o* t"e Heart, /"ic", in ti,e, ,a lea+ to Heart(relate+ s ,pto,s an+ si!ns. T"e ,ain ,ani*estations

/oul+ -e palpitations, o2er(e0cita-ilit , inso,nia, restlessness, tal.in! a lot an+ a re+ tip o* t"e ton!ue. T"e pulse /oul+ t picall -e slo/, sli!"tl O2er*lo/in! -ut E,pt on t"e le*t 3ront position. 8o ,a also -e ,ar.e+ out as a cause o* +isease /"en it is su++enK t"is "appens, *or e0a,ple, on "earin! !oo+ ne/s une0pecte+l . In t"is situation, FAo F is a.in to s"oc.. 3ei <o ;ion! =7I&&(7I5H> in FMe+ical Collection *ro, 3our 3a,ilies *ro, Men! HeF sa s1 F'o# injures the Heart"""/it causes0 +ang Qi to $loat and the ,lood vessels to ,ecome too open and dilated""F. In t"ese cases o* su++en Ao an+ e0cite,ent t"e Heart +ilates an+ slo/s +o/n an+ t"e pulse -eco,es Slo/ an+ sli!"tl O2er*lo/in! -ut E,pt . In or+er to un+erstan+ t"is, one can t"in. o* t"e *airl *requent situation /"en a ,i!raine attac. can -e precipitate+ - a su++en e0cite,ent *ro, !oo+ ne/s. Anot"er e0a,ple o* Ao as a cause o* +isease is t"at o* su++en lau!"ter tri!!erin! a "eart attac.K t"is e0a,ple also con*ir,s t"e relations"ip e0istin! -et/een t"e Heart an+ lau!"ter. 3inall , one can also !et an i+ea o* Ao as an e,otion o* o2ere0cite,ent, in c"il+ren, in /"o, o2ere0cite,ent usuall en+s in tears. THE EMOTIONS ( SADNESS G. SADNESS Sa+ness /ea.ens t"e Lun!s, -ut it also a**ects t"e Heart. In *act, accor+in! to t"e ?Si,ple )uestions@, sa+ness a**ects t"e Lun!s 2ia t"e Heart. It sa s in c"apter GH1 ?%adness makes the Heart cramped and agitated! this pushes towards the lungs6 lo,es! the 7pper 2urner ,ecomes o,structed! 4utritive and De$ensive Qi cannot circulate $reel#! Heat accumulates and dissolves Qi@. Accor+in! to t"is passa!e t"en, sa+ness pri,aril a**ects t"e Heart an+ t"e Lun!s su**er in consequence since "eart an+ lun!s are -ot" in t"e :pper <urner. Sa+ness inclu+es t"e e,otions o* !rie* an+ re!ret, as /"en so,eone re!rets a certain action or +ecision in t"e past an+ t"e Min+ is constantl turne+ to/ar+s t"at ti,e. T"e Lun!s !o2ern )i an+ sa+ness +epletes )i. T"is is o*ten ,ani*este+ on t"e pulse /it" a /ea.ness o* -ot" 3ront positions =Heart an+ Lun!s>. In particular, t"e pulse "as no ?/a2e@ an+ +oes not *lo/ s,oot"l to/ar+s t"e t"u,-. Sa+ness lea+s to +e*icienc o* Lun!()i an+ ,a ,ani*est in a 2ariet o* s ,pto,s, suc" as -reat"lessness, tire+ness, a *eelin! o* +isco,*ort in t"e c"est, +epression or cr in!. In /o,en, +e*icienc o* Lun!()i ,a lea+ to <loo+ +e*icienc an+ a,enorr"oea. Alt"ou!" sa+ness an+ !rie* +eplete )i an+ t"ere*ore lea+ to +e*icienc o* )i, t"e ,a also, a*ter a lon! ti,e, lea+ to sta!nation o* )i, -ecause t"e +e*icient Lun!( an+ Heart( )i *ail to circulate properl in t"e c"est. As ,entione+ -e*ore, eac" e,otion can a**ect ot"er or!ans apart *ro, its Fspeci*icF one. 3or e0a,ple, t"e FSpiritual A0isF in c"apter I ,entions inAur o* t"e Li2er *ro, sa+ness rat"er t"an an!er1 F(hen sadness a$$ects the iver it injures the 5thereal %oul. this causes mental con$usion"""the +in is damaged! the tendons contract and there is h#pochondrial discom$ortF. In t"is case, sa+ness can naturall a**ect t"e Et"ereal Soul an+ t"ere*ore Li2er(<loo+ an+ Li2er(Yin. Sa+ness "as a +epletin! e**ect on )i an+ it t"ere*ore, in so,e cases, +epletes Li2er(Yin lea+in! to ,ental con*usion, +epression, lac. o* a sense o* +irection in li*e an+ ina-ilit to plan oneBs li*e.

3inall , Dr S"en consi+ers t"at !rie* /"ic" is un(e0presse+ an+ -orne /it"out tears a**ects t"e Ei+ne s. Accor+in! to t"e,, /"en !rie* is "el+ in /it"out /eepin!, t"e *lui+s cannot co,e out =in t"e *or, o* tears> an+ t"e upset t"e *lui+ ,eta-olis, /it"in t"e Ei+ne s. T"is /oul+ "appen onl in situations /"en !rie* "a+ -een *elt *or ,an ears. THE EMOTIONS ( DORRY '. DORRY Dorr is one o* t"e ,ost co,,on e,otional causes o* +isease in our societ . T"e e0tre,el rapi+ an+ ra+ical social c"an!es t"at "a2e occurre+ in Destern societies in t"e past +eca+es "a2e create+ a cli,ate o* suc" insecurit in all sp"eres o* li*e t"at onl a Daoist sa!e coul+ -e i,,une to /orr L O* course, t"ere are also people /"o, -ecause o* a pre(e0istin! +is"ar,on o* t"e internal or!ans, are 2er prone to /orr , e2en a-out 2er ,inor inci+ents in li*e. 3or e0a,ple, ,an people appear to -e 2er tense an+ /orr a lot. On close interro!ation a-out t"eir /or. an+ *a,il li*e, o*ten not"in! o* note e,er!es. T"e si,pl /orr e0cessi2el a-out tri2ial e2er +a acti2ities an+ t"e ten+ to +o e2er t"in! in a "urr an+ -e presse+ *or ti,e. T"is ,a -e +ue to a constitutional /ea.ness o* t"e Spleen, Heart, or Lun!s or a co,-ination o* t"ese. Dorr .nots )i, /"ic" ,eans t"at it causes sta!nation o* )i, an+ it a**ects -ot" Lun!s an+ Spleen1 t"e Lun!s -ecause /"en one is /orrie+ -reat"in! is s"allo/, an+ t"e Spleen -ecause t"is or!an is responsi-le *or t"in.in! an+ i+eas. C"apter I o* t"e ?Spiritual A0is@ con*ir,s t"at /orr .nots )i1 ?(orr# causes o,struction o$ Qi so that Qi stagnates.@ Dorr ,a a**ect t"e Spleen as /ell an+ C"apter I o* t"e ?Spiritual A0is@ con*ir,s t"at1 ?8n the case o$ the %pleen! e3cessive worr# injures the 8ntellect /+i0"@ Dorr is t"e pat"olo!ical counterpart o* t"e SpleenBs ,ental acti2it in !eneratin! i+eas. In a *e/ cases, /orr ,a also a**ect t"e Li2er as a result o* t"e sta!nation o* t"e Lun!s1 in a 4( Ele,ent sense t"at correspon+s to Metal insultin! Doo+. D"en t"is "appens, t"e nec. an+ s"oul+ers /ill tense up an+ -eco,e sti** an+ pain*ul. T"e s ,pto,s an+ si!ns cause+ - /orr /ill 2ar accor+in! to /"et"er t"e a**ect t"e Lun!s or t"e Spleen. I* /orr a**ects t"e Lun!s it /ill cause an unco,*orta-le *eelin! o* t"e c"est, sli!"t -reat"lessness, tensin! o* t"e s"oul+ers, so,eti,es a +r cou!", /ea. 2oice, si!"in! an+ a pale co,ple0ion. T"e ri!"t 3ront pulse position =o* t"e Lun!s> ,a *eel sli!"tl Ti!"t or Dir , in+icatin! t"e .nottin! action o* /orr on )i. D"en Au+!in! t"e qualit o* t"e Lun! pulse, one s"oul+ -ear in ,in+ t"at, in nor,al circu,stances, t"is s"oul+ naturall *eel relati2el so*t =in relation to t"e ot"er pulse positions>. T"us a Lun! pulse t"at *eels as "ar+ as a =nor,al> Li2er pulse ,a /ell -e Ti!"t or Dir . I* /orr a**ects t"e Spleen it ,a cause poor appetite, a sli!"t epi!astric +isco,*ort, so,e a-+o,inal pain an+ +istension, tire+ness an+ a pale co,ple0ion. T"e ri!"t Mi++le pulse position =Spleen> /ill *eel sli!"tl Ti!"t -ut Dea.. I* /orr a**ects t"e Sto,ac" as /ell =/"ic" "appens i* one /orries at ,eal ti,es>, t"e ri!"t Mi++le pulse ,a -e Dea.(3loatin!. 3inall , li.e all e,otions, /orr a**ects t"e Heart causin! sta!nation o* Heart()i. T"is /ill cause palpitations, a sli!"t *eelin! o* ti!"tness o* t"e c"est an+ inso,nia.

Dorr is t"e e,otional counterpart o* t"e SpleenBs ,ental ener! /"ic" is responsi-le *or concentration an+ ,e,ori9ation. D"en t"e Spleen is "ealt" /e can concentrate an+ *ocus on t"e o-Aect o* our stu+ or /or.1 t"e sa,e t pe o* ,ental ener! , /"en +istur-e+ - /orr , lea+s to constantl t"in.in!, -roo+in! an+ /orr in! a-out certain e2ents o* li*e. THE EMOTIONS ( PENSIJENESS Pensi2eness is 2er si,ilar to /orr in its c"aracter an+ e**ect. It consists in -roo+in!, constantl t"in.in! a-out certain e2ents or people =e2en t"ou!" not /orr in!>, nostal!ic "an.erin! a*ter t"e past an+ !enerall t"in.in! intensel a-out li*e rat"er t"an li2in! it. In e0tre,e cases, pensi2eness lea+s to o-sessi2e t"ou!"ts. In a +i**erent sense, pensi2eness also inclu+es e0cessi2e ,ental /or. in t"e process o* oneBs /or. or stu+ . Pensi2eness a**ects t"e Spleen an+, li.e /orr , it .nots )i. C"apter GH o* t"e ?Si,ple )uestions@ sa s1 ?Pensiveness makes the Heart /Qi0 accumulate! and causes the Mind to converge9 the 7pright Qi settles and does not move and there$ore Qi stagnates.@ Pensi2eness /ill t"ere*ore cause si,ilar s ,pto,s as outline+ a-o2e *or /orr . In a++ition1 it /ill cause a sli!"t epi!astric +isco,*ort an+ t"e ot"er +i**erence /ill -e t"at t"e pulse o* t"e ri!"t si+e /ill not onl *eel sli!"tl Ti!"t, -ut /ill "a2e no ?/a2e@ =see c"apter %4 on pulse +ia!nosis>. In t"e case o* pensi2eness, t"e pulse /ill lac. a /a2e onl on t"e ri!"t Mi++le position. A pulse /it"out /a2e in t"e 3ront an+ Mi++le position in+icates Sa+ness. THE EMOTIONS ( 3EAR 6. 3EAR 3ear inclu+es -ot" a c"ronic state o* *ear an+ an0iet an+ a su++en *ri!"t. 3ear +epletes Ei+ne ()i an+ it ,a.es )i +escen+. T"e FSi,ple )uestionsF in c"apter GH sa s1 FFear depletes the 5ssence! it ,locks the 7pper 2urner! which makes Qi descend to the ower 2urnerF. E0a,ples o* )i +escen+in! are nocturnal enuresis in c"il+ren an+ incontinence o* urine or +iarr"oea in a+ults *ollo/in! a su++en *ri!"t. Nocturnal enuresis is a co,,on pro-le, in c"il+ren /"ic" is o*ten cause+ - *ear or a *eelin! o* insecurit in t"e c"il+ +ue to so,e *a,il situation. Situations o* c"ronic an0iet an+ *ear /ill "a2e +i**erent e**ects on )i +epen+in! on t"e state o* t"e Heart. In a+ults, "o/e2er, *ear an+ c"ronic an0iet ,ore o*ten cause +e*icienc o* Ei+ne (Yin an+ risin! o* E,pt (Heat /it"in t"e Heart, /it" a *eelin! o* "eat in t"e *ace, ni!"t s/eatin!, palpitations an+ a +r ,out" an+ t"roat. I* t"e Heart is stron!, it /ill cause )i to +escen+, -ut i* t"e Heart is /ea., it /ill cause )i to rise in t"e *or, o* E,pt (Heat. T"is is ,ore co,,on in ol+ people an+ in /o,en as *ear an+ an0iet /ea.en Ei+ne (Yin an+ !i2e rise to E,pt (Heat o* t"e Heart /it" suc" s ,pto,s as palpitations, inso,nia, ni!"t(s/eatin!, a +r ,out", a ,alar *lus" an+ a Rapi+ pulse. T"ere are ot"er causes o* *ear, not relate+ to t"e Ei+ne s. Li2er(<loo+ +e*icienc an+ a $all(<la++er +e*icienc can also ,a.e t"e person *ear*ul. THE EMOTIONS ( SHOCE 5. SHOCE Mental s"oc. ?suspen+s@ )i an+ a**ects t"e Heart. It causes a su++en +epletion o* Heart()i, ,a.es t"e Heart s,aller an+ ,a lea+ to palpitations, -reat"lessness an+

inso,nia. It is o*ten re*lecte+ in t"e pulse /it" a so(calle+ FMo2in!F qualit , i.e. a pulse t"at is s"ort, slipper , s"ape+ li.e a -ean, rapi+ an+ !i2es t"e i,pression o* 2i-ratin! as it pulsates. T"e ?Si,ple )uestions@ in c"apter GH sa s1 ?%hock a$$ects the Heart depriving it o$ residence! the Mind has no shelter and cannot rest! so that Qi ,ecomes chaotic@. S"oc. also FclosesF t"e Heart or ,a.es t"e Heart s,aller. T"is can -e o-ser2e+ in a -luis" tin!e on t"e *ore"ea+ an+ a Heart pulse /"ic" is Ti!"t an+ 3ine. EMOTIONS THAT ARE MISSIN$ IN CHINESE MEDICINE CPri+e CS"a,e C$uilt CEn2 CConte,pt CResent,ent CAn!st CDespair CHopelessness C3rustration CHatre+ CReAection =-ein! reAecte+> CIn+i!nation Hu,iliation CRe!ret CRe,orse CSel*(conte,pt CSel*("atre+ CSel*(lo2e =narcissis,> CSpite CJanit SEJEN DEADLY SINS1 ENJY, PRIDE, COJETO:SNESS, L:ST, AN$ER, $L:TTONY, SLOTH THE EMOTIONS ( $:ILT $:ILT $uilt is a per2asi2e e,otion in Destern patients. It is si,pl ,issin! *ro, C"inese ,e+icine -oo.s an+ it coul+ -e ar!ue+ t"at it si,pl +oes not e0ist in t"e C"inese ps c"e an+ soul. It coul+ -e ar!ue+ t"at !uilt is intrinsicall relate+ to t"e C"ristian or 8u+eo(C"ristian reli!ions an+ especiall t"e C"ristian reli!ion /it" its concept o* ?ori!inal sin@. +ou :ui 5 ;an M !uilt *eelin! ;uilt is9 (3eelin! o* responsi-ilit *or ne!ati2e circu,stances t"at "a2e -e*allen oursel* or ot"ers. (3eelin! o* re!ret *or our real or i,a!ine+ ,is+ee+s, -ot" past an+ present. (Sense o* re,orse *or t"ou!"ts, *eelin!s, or attitu+es t"at /ere or are ne!ati2e, unco,pli,entar , or non(acceptin! concernin! oursel* or ot"ers. (3eelin! o* o-li!ation *or not pleasin!, not "elpin!, or not placatin! anot"er.

(3eelin! o* loss an+ s"a,e *or not "a2in! +one or sai+ so,et"in! to so,eone /"o is no lon!er a2aila-le to ou =or *or "a2in! +one an+ sai+>. (Acceptin! responsi-ilit *or so,eone elseBs ,is*ortune or pro-le, -ecause it -ot"ers ou to see t"at person su**er. (Stron! ,oral sense o* ri!"t an+ /ron! t"at in"i-its ou *ro, c"oosin! a NN/ron!BB course o* actionK "o/e2er, ou assi!n our o/n +e*initions to t"e /or+s. (Dri2in! *orce or ,as. -e"in+ /"ic" irrational -elie*s "i+e. EMOTIONAL E33ECTS O3 $:ILT (Ma.e ou -eco,e over responsi,le! stri2in! to ,a.e li*e NNri!"t.BB You o2er !i2e o* oursel*. You are /illin! to +o an t"in! in our atte,pt to ,a.e e2er one "app . (Ma.e ou over conscientious. You *ret o2er e2er action ou ta.e as to its possi-le ne!ati2e consequence to ot"ers, e2en i* t"is ,eans t"at ou ,ust i!nore our nee+s an+ /ants. (Ma.e ou over sensitive. You see +ecisions a-out ri!"t an+ /ron! in e2er aspect o* our li*e an+ -eco,e o-sesse+ /it" t"e tenuous nature o* all o* our personal actions, /or+s, an+ +ecisions. You are sensiti2e to t"e cues o* ot"ers /"ere an i,plication o* our /ron! +oin! is inti,ate+. -8mmo,ili-e ou. You can -eco,e so o2erco,e - t"e *ear o* +oin!, actin!, sa in!, or -ein! NN/ron!BB t"at ou e2entuall collapse, !i2e in, an+ c"oose inacti2it , silence, an+ t"e status quo. (<e "i++en - t"e mask o$ sel$ denial. <ecause it is less !uilt in+ucin! to ta.e care o* ot"ers *irst, instea+ o* oursel*, ou "i+e -e"in+ t"e ,as. o* sel* +enial. You "onestl -elie2e it is -etter to ser2e ot"ers *irst, una/are t"at F!uiltBB is t"e ,oti2ator *or suc" F!enerousBB -e"a2iour. (Ma.e ou ignore t"e *ull arra o* emotions an+ *eelin!s a2aila-le to ou. O2erco,e !uilt or t"e *ear o* it, ou can -eco,e e,otionall -loc.e+ or close+ o**. You are a-le neit"er to enAo t"e positi2e *ruits o* li*e nor e0perience t"e ne!ati2e aspects. (<e a ,as. *or negative sel$ ,elie$" You ,a actuall "a2e lo/ sel*(estee,, -ut clai, t"e reason *or our ne!ati2it is t"e o2er/"el,in! sense o* !uilt ou e0perience. -Mislead or misdirect ou. <ecause ,an irrational ,elie$s lie -e"in+ !uilt, ou ,a -e una-le to sort out our *eelin!s. IRRATIONAL <ELIE3S OR NE$ATIJE SEL3(SCRIPTS INJOLJED IN $:ILT (I +o not +eser2e to -e "app . (I a, responsi-le *or , *a,il Bs =spouseBs> "appiness. (T"ere is onl one NNri!"tBB /a to +o t"in!s. (M c"il+ren s"oul+ ne2er su**er in t"eir c"il+"oo+ li.e I +i+ in ,ine. (M c"il+ren s"oul+ "a2e ,ore ,aterial t"in!s t"an I +i+. (It is , *ault i* ot"ers in , li*e are not "app . (I* , c"il+ren *ail in an /a , itBs , responsi-ilit . (It is /ron! to -e concerne+ a-out , sel*. (People are constantl Au+!in! ,e, an+ t"eir Au+!,ent is i,portant to ,e. (It is /ron! to accept t"e ne!ati2e aspects o* , li*e /it"out -elie2in! t"at I a, responsi-le *or t"e, , sel*. (I a, responsi-le i* ne!ati2e e2ents "appen to t"e ,e,-ers o* , *a,il . (I ,ust not enAo , sel* +urin! a ti,e /"en ot"ers e0pect ,e to -e in ,ournin!, !rie*, or loss. (You ,ust ne2er let +o/n our !uar+K so,et"in! ouBre +oin! coul+ -e e2il or /ron!. (I ,ust al/a s -e responsi-le, conscientious, an+ !i2in! to ot"ers.

(No ,atter /"at I +o, I a, al/a s /ron!. (I* ou *eel !uilt, t"en ou ,ust -e or "a2e -een /ron!. (@8 $eel guilt# i$ 8 have a rest in the a$ternoon@. A *eelin! o* !uilt ,a -e +ue to t"e trans!ression o* social or reli!ious ta-oos or *ro, "a2in! +one so,et"in! ?/ron!@ /"ic" is later re!rette+. Ho/e2er, a *eelin! o* !uilt ,a also -e innate an+ not relate+ to an speci*ic action. T"is latter *eelin! is in+ee+ t"e ,ost +estructi2e one. $uilt *or,s t"e core o* 8u+eo(C"ristian ps c"olo! an+ t"eolo! . $uilt *or,e+ also an i,portant cornerstone o* 3reu+Bs t"eories. It is i,portant to +istin!uis" t"e su-Aecti2e sense o* !uilt *ro, its o-Aecti2e counterparts. 3or e0a,ple, a person ,a -e *oun+ !uilt in a court o* la/, /it"out $eeling !uilt K in a reli!ious conte0t, a person ,a +ee, "i,sel* to -e !uilt in *ront o* $o+ -ut still not $eel !uilt K so,eone ,a -e !uilt o* +oin! so,et"in! repre"ensi-le, -ut still not $eel !uilt . It is t"ere*ore t"e $eeling o* !uilt t"at is all(i,portant. $uilt is sel*(reproac" *or so,e actual ,is+ee+s o* an in(-orn *eelin! o* !uilt totall +isconnecte+ *ro, an ,is+ee+s. $uilt inclu+es a sense o* ina+equac an+ +espair not *oun+ in s"a,e. $uilt +oes not require an particular o**ence, as in t"e +octrine o* Ori!inal Sin. In !uilt a person is oneBs o/n Au+!e an+ a ,ore rut"less an+ less reasona-le Au+!e t"an an real Au+!e. $uilt is inner(+irecte+ an+ it o-Aect is t"e sel*. $uilt is -ase+ on a ,oral criteria o* "a2in! -ro.en a la/ o* ,oralit . T"e , t"olo! o* !uilt is t"e +octrine o* t"e Ori!inal Sin. T"e aut"orit pro2i+in! t"e criteria is a-solute an+ unquestiona-le. $uilt is a ?+ar.@ e,otion /it" no re+e,ptionK it is a ,uc" ?+ar.er@ e,otion t"an s"a,e. E33ECTS O3 $:ILT $uilt can "a2e +i**erent e**ects in +i**erent people. 3irst o* all, it ,a lea+ to )i sta!nation1 it a**ects an or!an an+ especiall t"e Lun!s, Heart, Li2er an+ Ei+ne s. Due to its ?+ar.@, ?sta!natin!@ c"aracter, it causes <loo+ stasis easil an+ quic.l . T"is <loo+ stasis ,a -e in an part o* t"e -o+ an+ an or!an -ut particularl in t"e Lun!s, Heart, Spleen an+ Li2er. :n+er certain con+itions, !uilt ,a also cause sin.in! o* )i an+ a**ects t"e Ei+ne s causin! so,e urinar pro-le,s or ,enstrual pro-le,s *ro, sin.in! o* )i. T"e ton!ue "as a re+ tip o* t"e ton!ue, possi-l purple ton!ue -o+ . T"e pulse is Deep, Dea. on t"e Ei+ne positions, possi-l sli!"tl O2er*lo/in! on t"e Heart position an+ C"opp , /it"out /a2e. Or also 3ir,. 3IJE TYPES O3 $:ILT DOOD1 ?5ver# ,ad thing that happens is m# $ault@. Sel*(-la,e. Li2er(<loo+ +e*icienc , Li2er(<loo+ stasis. (3IRE1 ?8 am a horri,le person to do such a thing@. Sel*(reAection, sel*("ate. Heart( <loo+ stasis. (EARTH1 ?4o matter how much 8 give! it is never enough to ,alance what others give me@. =Co,,on in Italians /it" re!ar+ to t"eir parents>. Sel*(sacri*ice. Spleen(<loo+ +e*icienc , Da,pness.

(METAL1 ?8 have disappointed ;od@. Loss o* sel*(/ort", reli!ious !uilt. L:()i +e*icienc (DATER1 ?M# guilt is so deep-seated 8 can never ,e rid o$ it@. Lac. o* sel*(assertion, lac. o* /ill(po/er. Ei+ne ()i +e*icienc or sin.in!. THE EMOTIONS ( SHAME SHAME HAS ;78 IN CHARACTER, HEART ON LE3T, HENCE A DEMON IN THE HEART. Eui Can Eui = > S"a,e is a co,,on e,otion in Destern patients. It ,a -e cause+ - a *eelin! o* s"a,e a-out oneBs -e"a2iour -ut, ,ore co,,onl , it is an in(-orn *eelin! o* s"a,e +ue to oneBs up-rin!in!. It is a *eelin! o* /ort"lessness, a-sence o* a *eelin! o* sel*(/ort". It is, in a /a , t"e opposite e,otion to an!er an+ pri+e. An!er is outer(+irecte+ =?I a, an!r at so,eone@> /"ile s"a,e is inner(+irecte+. It is sel*(accusation, a *eelin! t"at one "as to hide is an i,portant aspect o* s"a,e. One *eels judged all t"e ti,e. In a /a , s"a,e is an a**ir,ation o* oneBs autono, , a con*ir,ation t"at one /ill li2e - oneBs stan+ar+s an+ accept responsi-ilit . Alt"ou!" opposite to pri+e, s"a,e is si,ilarl con+uci2e to sel*(estee,. Ho/e2er, in lar!er +oses, s"a,e is o2er/"el,in! an+ it is sel*(+e,eanin!, e0tre,el +e*ensi2e an+ i,potent. In s,all +oses, s"a,e is con+uci2e to sel*(estee,. It is eas to *eel !oo+ a-out onesel* /"en one "as no 2alues, /"en one re*uses to accept responsi-ilit *or oneBs actions, or /"en one "appens not to "a2e +one an t"in! /ron!. T"e a-ilit to a+,it an+ atone *or oneBs ,ista.es is as essential to /is+o, an+ personal +i!nit as t"e a-ilit to lo2e ot"er people. As a cause o* +isease, /e consi+er t"e s"a,e t"at is o2er/"el,in!, t"at is +ue to oneBs up-rin!in! an+ t"at is not relate+ to oneBs actions or to "a2e +one an t"in! /ron!. A person su**erin! *ro, t"is s"a,e /ill al/a s $eel as i* t"e "a+ +one so,et"in! /ron! an+ /ill /ant to "i+e. It is o*ten sai+ t"at Destern societies are ?!uilt(-ase+@ an+ Eastern ones ?s"a,e(-ase+@, so it is use*ul to e0plore t"e +i**erences -et/een s"a,e an+ !uilt. S"a,e is relate+ ,ore to oneBs place in societ , /"at people t"in. o* us, t"e *eelin! t"at one "as to "i+e -ecause one "as +one so,et"in! /ron!, so,et"in! t"at societ *ro/ns upon, so,et"in! ?+irt @. In ot"er /or+s, as lon! as /e +o not +o an t"in! t"at societ +isappro2es o* or, ,ost i,portantl , /e are not seen, not $ound out to -e +oin! so,et"in! ?/ron!@, /e +o not *eel s"a,e. < contrast, in suc" situations /e /oul+ *eel !uilt e2en i* no-o+ sees us +oin! so,et"in! ?/ron!@. It is certainl true t"at Eastern societies are s"a,e(-ase+ pro-a-l +ue to t"e stron! Con*ucian in*luence. As t"e Con*ucian et"ics is all a-out social relations"ips, an+ a-out oneBs ?place@ in societ an+ con$orming to strict rules o* con+uct an+ social "ierarc" , it is natural t"at s"a,e ensues *ro, contra2enin! t"e esta-lis"e+ rules o* societ . T"us, people are /orrie+ a-out not -ein! seen to -e +oin! an t"in! t"at societ /oul+ *ro/n upon. T"at is /" , s"a,e can so,eti,es pro+uce e0tre,e results as /"en 8apanese -usiness,en co,,it suici+e /"en t"e are +is!race+ sociall .

It is pro-a-l also *or t"is reason t"at an!er pla s suc" a pro,inent role in t"e e,otional causes o* +isease *or t"e C"inese. An!er is pro-a-l t"e ,ost +isrupti2e o* t"e e,otions *ro, t"e social point o* 2ie/ an+ an e,otion t"at can potentiall c"allen!e an+ +isrupt t"e social or+er an+ "ierarc" . T"e Con*ucian !entle,an ne2er !ets an!r an+ it is s"a,e*ul to -e seen to -e an!r =see , e0perience in NanAin!>. Ho/e2er, s"a,e is co,,on also in t"e Dest an+, I /oul+ sa , ,ore in Protestant countries /it" a stron! Puritan tra+ition. S"a,e is inner(+irecte+, t"e o-Aect o* s"a,e are oneBs o/n actions, it is +ictate+ - ,oral criteria an+ "as a ne!ati2e e2aluation. One is responsi-le an+ -la,e/ort" . As in an!er, s"a,e in2ol2es a courtroo, , t"olo! o* la/ an+ Au+!e,ent, accusation an+ punis",ent. In s"a,e, unli.e an!er, one casts onesel* in t"e unco,*orta-le position o* +e*en+ant rat"er t"an Au+!e, -ut a +e*en+ant /"o "as openl a+,itte+ to "is cri,e an+ is /illin! to accept punis",ent *or it. E33ECTS O3 SHAME S"a,e is inner(+irecte+ an+ it t"ere*ore ,a.e )i sta!nate -ut also possi-l sin.. In+ee+, sin.in! o* )i is a 2er co,,on result o* s"a,eK Da,pness also *requentl acco,panies s"a,e. D"en one *eels s"a,e, one *eels ?+irt @ an+ ?+irt @ is c"aracteristic o* Da,pness. In , e0perience, s"a,e o*ten ,ani*ests /it" sin.in! o* )i an+ Da,pness1 *or e0a,ple, prolapses, 2er c"ronic an+ stu--orn 2a!inal +isc"ar!e, e0cessi2e ,enstrual -lee+in! *ro, sin.in! o* Spleen( an+ Ei+ne ()i, sli!"t urinar incontinence. Most o* all Da,pness. DI33ERENCE <ETDEEN SHAME AND $:ILT D"at is para,ount in s"a,e, is "o/ one appears to t"e ot"er ,e,-ers o* t"e co,,unit , not "o/ one *eels insi+e. $uilt, is a ?+ar.er@ e,otion, ,ore inner(+irecte+, an e,otion *ro, /"ic" t"ere is no escape, t"e Au+!e,ent is t"ere, /"et"er an one sees us or not. T"e -i! +i**erence -et/een !uilt an+ s"a,e is t"at !uilt "as no re+e,ption, it ?eats@ one insi+e *or e2erK s"a,e "as re+e,ption an+ repair. A !oo+ e0a,ple o* t"e +i**erence -et/een s"a,e an+ !uilt is t"at o* 8e/is" reli!ious people in 8erusale,. T"e "ol -oo.s sa t"at one s"oul+ not consort /it" prostitutes -ut, i* one "as to +o it, one ,ust +o it in anot"er to/n. 3or t"is reason, t"ere is a t"ri2in! prostitutes -usiness in Tel A2i2 *or reli!ious people *ro, 8erusale,1 t"ere*ore, t"e /oul+ *eel s"a,e in -ein! seen to see a prostitute in 8erusale, -ut t"e "a2e not !uilt in seein! one in Tel A2i2. 4i 1 re-ellious, contrar , counter, +iso-e , +e* , !o a!ainst %hun9 to con*or,, in t"e sa,e +irection as, o-e , iel+ to, act in su-,ission to A DI33ERENT JIED O3 EMOTIONS ( EMOTIONS AS JAL:E 8:D$EMENTS .E,otions are Au+!e,ents an+ e2aluations .E,otions are /"at ,a.es us ali2e in t"e *ace o* t"e A-sur+, /"at !i2es ,eanin! to our li*e .E,otions are t"e li*e *orce o* t"e soul .Our passions, not our Reason constitute t"e Sel* .M t" o* Passions, i.e. t"at Reason is supre,e, t"at i* onl /e coul+ !et ri+ o* our e,otions /e /oul+ -e true to our nature . e coeur a ses raisons que la <aison ne connait point .T"e su-Aecti2it o* our passions a++s to Realit , "ence ?surrealit @.

.Passions pro2i+e ,eanin! to li*e .Passions not irrationalK Reason not ?reasona-le@. .Reason is neit"er *or nor a!ainst passions .T"e role o* Reason is not to react a!ainst passions -ut to +istin!uis" -et/een t"e, .Dis+o, not opposite o* passions =as in Con*ucianis,, <u++"is, an+ Daois,> .Passions are e2aluati2e Au+!e,ents not t"e -lin+ *orces o* t"e ?" +raulics@ t"eor .Jentin! an!er roots it, it +oes not eli,inate it .Passions create our , t"olo!ies, "eroes an+ 2illains. M t"olo! central to our li*e. .T"rou!" our passions /e , t"olo!i9e t"e /orl+, essential part o* our Sel* .E,otions re*lect a pre(re*lecti2e, intuiti2e rational =Hun> .E,otions ,a0i,i9e sel*(estee,1 t"e ,ain tric. is to "a2e t"e ?ri!"t@ e,otion. E,otions are ?irrational@ onl in ti,in! or c"oice. Solo,on R ?T"e Passions@, Hac.ett Pu-lis"in! Co., 7HHG A DI33ERENT JIED O3 EMOTIONS ?M clai, is t"at t"e concept o* e,otion entails a +i**erent .in+ o* *eelin! -ut one t"at cannot -e equate+ /it" *elt -o+il occurrences =as 8a,es "ol+s>. :nli.e -o+il *eelin!, ?e,otionall rele2ant *eelin!@ =ER3> is in"erentl an+ irre+uci-l intentional and a**ecti2e in nature. E,otion is a .in+ o* intentional e2ent /"ic" *or,s an irre+uci-l unit /"ic" is a**ecti2e in itsel*. E,otions entail +istinct /a s o* *eelin! or -ein! a**ecti2el conscious o* t"in!s in t"e /orl+. De "a2e -een con+itione+ to t"in. t"at all *eelin!s are non(intentional, li.e *elt -o+il +istur-ances an+ t"at t"e onl intentional e2ents are t"ou!"ts, -elie*s an+ Au+!e,ents. A ,ore accurate anal sis o* e,otions cannot i!nore t"eir +istincti2el intentional and a**ecti2e c"aracter.@ Mar <oc.o2er ?T"e Concept o* E,otion re2isite+@ in ?E,otions in Asian T"ou!"t@, State :ni2ersit o* NY Press, 7HH4, p. 755. DIA$NOSIS POINTERS IN MENTAL(EMOTIONAL PRO<LEMS P:LSE Heart pulse T"e Heart pulse is o* course 2er i,portant in t"e +ia!nosis o* ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s an+ its qualities an+ si!ni*icance o*ten +i**er *ro, t"e tra+itional ones. 3irst o* all, one s"oul+ consi+er care*ull 1 Dept" =e.!. O2er*lo/in!> Si9e =e.!. 3ull, <i!> S"ape =e.!. ?roun+e+@, Slipper > Len!t" =e.!. S"ort or Lon!> Stren!t" =e.!. Dea., C"opp , 3ull> Over$lowing1 t"is o*ten in+icates e,otional pro-le,s o* ,ost .in+s =sa+ness, !rie*, an!er, an!st, !uilt, etc.>. Please note t"at I use t"e /or+ ?O2er*lo/in!@ in a +i**erent sense t"an t"e true O2er*lo/in! qualit . ?O2er*lo/in!@ "ere ,eans t"at t"e Heart pulse is sli!"tl ,ore super*icial =an+ relati2el 3ull> in relation to ot"er positions. <ounded1 t"is pulse *eels roun+er t"an nor,al -ut at t"e sa,e ti,e, rat"er s"ort. It in+icates sta!nation o* )i in t"e Heart to!et"er /it" a +e*icienc o* Heart()i. T"ere*ore it is associate+ /it" e,otions suc" as sa+ness an+ !rie*, especiall /"en une0presse+.

=hopp#1 t"is is a co,,on Heart pulse t"at al/a s in+icates Heart(<loo+ +e*icienc *ro, sa+ness, !rie*, /orr . Jer co,,on in /o,en. :suall also une0presse+ e,otions. 5mpt#1 t"is pulse in+icates Heart()i +e*icienc *ro, sa+ness an+ !rie*. Pericar+iu, pulse on Heart position Please note t"at, especiall in e,otional pro-le,s, t"e Pericar+iu, c"annel is *elt on t"e Heart pulse. A Pericar+iu, pat"olo! is re*lecte+ especiall in 3ull(t pes o* Heart pulse an+ particularl /"en t"ere are c"est s ,pto,s =oppression, stu**iness, ti!"tness, +isco,*ort, pain>. Pulse on t"e /"ole =hopp#1 in t"e conte0t o* ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s, t"e C"opp pulse in+icates sa+ness pri,aril =o* course a!ainst a -ac.!roun+ o* <loo+ +e*icienc >. T"e C"opp pulse *eels, /ea., ?Aa!!e+@, so*t, e,pt , an+ /it"out /a2e. %ad1 t"e ?Sa+@ pulse /as +escri-e+ - Dr S"en, It is si,ilar to t"e C"opp pulse in t"at it "as no /a2e1 "o/e2er, it is not necessaril C"opp . T"e Sa+ pulse /oul+ appear -e*ore t"e pulse -eco,es C"opp . T"e nor,al pulse s"oul+ *lo/ s,oot"l li.e a /a2e *ro, t"e C"i to t"e Cun position. T"e Sa+ pulse "as no suc" /a2e an+ it *lo/s reluctantl an+ ?sa+l @. It is also a.in to t"e S"ort pulse as it +oes not *ill t"e pulse position. T"e Sa+ pulse in+icates sa+ness. Accor+in! to Dr S"en, one can Au+!e t"e se2erit an+ +uration o* t"e sa+ness accor+in! to "o/ ,an pulse positions "a2e t"e Sa+ qualit . $enerall , onl t"e *irst or *irst an+ secon+ positions s"o/ t"e Sa+ qualit 1 i* all t"ree positions "a2e t"is qualit , it in+icates t"at t"e sa+ness t"e patient is su**erin! *ro, is se2ere an+ o* lon! +uration. Sa+ Pulse (ir#1 a pulse t"at is Dir all o2er is a clear in+ication o* sta!nation =o* )i or <loo+> an+ t is usuall relate+ to an!er an+ ot"er allie+ e,otional states =*rustration, resent,ent, "atre+, *ur , etc. T"e Dir pulse ,a also re*lect Li2er(Yan! risin! or Li2er(3ire, also +eri2in! *ro, suc" e,otions. Ho/e2er, )i sta!nation ,a a**ect ot"er or!ans -esi+es t"e Li2er, e.!. Lun!s, Heart, Sto,ac", Spleen, Intestines. D"en it +oes, t"e pulse ,a -e Dir in a speci*ic position, e.!. on t"e ri!"t Cun, le*t Cun, ri!"t $uan an+ -ot" C"i positions respecti2el . Please -ear in ,in+ t"at a ?Dir @ Lun! pulse /ill ne2er -e as Dir as a Dir Li2er pulse1 it is relati2e. Ho/ to +istin!uis" a Heart(S"en pro-le, *ro, a Destern "eart pro-le, *ro, t"e pulse An actual "eart pro-le, is o*ten in+icate+ - an a-nor,al pulse qualit in t"e perip"eral pulse positions *elt - rollin! t"e *in!er pro0i,all , +istall , laterall an+ ,e+iall *ro, t"e Heart position itsel*. T"ese qualities are usuall Slipper an+Oor Dir . T"ese perip"eral pulse positions are relate+ to t"e "eart 2al2es, aorta an+ pul,onar 2ein. A Slipper or Dir qualit o* suc" perip"eral pulse positions ,a in+icate aortic aneur s,, " pertension, arteriosclerosis, 2al2e pro-le,s. Ho/e2er, in so,e cases, a con!enital 2al2e pro-le, ,a -e -e in+icate+ - a Deep, Dea. an+ C"opp Heart pulse, co,-ine+ /it" a !eneral /ea. an+ C"opp *eel o* t"e pulse. TON$:E DIA$NOSIS Re+ Tip1 a re+ tip o* t"e ton!ue is a co,,on an+ relia-le in+icator o* ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s. D" t"e tip an+ /" re+P T"e tip o* t"e ton!ue re*lects t"e Heart =in t"e

sense o* S"en> an+, as +iscusse+, all e,otions a**ect t"e Heart. Secon+l , all e,otions e2entuall cause so,e )i sta!nation1 in ti,e, sta!nation !i2es rise to Heat an+ t"is ,a.es t"e tip o* t"e ton!ue re+. T"e re++er t"e tip, t"e ,ore intense t"e e,otional pro-le,s. In ,ore se2ere cases t"ere are re+ points an+, in e2en ,ore se2ere ones, t"e tip is also s/ollen. It is interestin! to note t"at t"e tip speci*icall re*lects t"e con+ition o* t"e Heart in t"e sense o* S"en as actual "eart pro-le,s are re*lecte+ in t"e c"est area. 3or e0a,ple, t"e tip is ne2er purple an+ <loo+ stasis in t"e Heart re*lects /it" a purple colour in t"e c"est area. Heart crac.1 t"e Heart crac. in+icates t"e ten+enc to ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s, t"e +eeper t"e crac., t"e stron!er t"is ten+enc . I* t"e Heart crac. is acco,panie+ - a c"an!e in t"e ton!ue(-o+ colour an+ a re+ tip, it t"en in+icates actual ,ental( e,otional pro-le,s. T"ere*ore, ,il+est *or,1 Aust a re+ tip. Most se2ere *or,1 re+ ton!ue, re++er an+ s/ollen tip /it" re+ points /it" a +eep Heart crac.. Sto,ac"(Heart crac. /it" stic. (+r ( ello/ coatin!1 t"is is a +eep crac. t"at co,-ines a /i+e Sto,ac" crac. in t"e centre /it" a lon! Heart crac.. Insi+e t"e Sto,ac" crac. t"ere is a stic. (+r ( ello/ coatin! in+icatin! P"le!,(Heat in t"e Sto,ac" an+ Heart. P"le!, o-structs t"e Min+Qs ori*ices an+ causes ,ental con*usion, e0cessi2e co,in! an+ !oin! o* t"e Hun, sli!"t ,anic -e"a2iour. Heat "arasses t"e Min+ an+ causes a!itation, inso,nia, an0iet , T"ere are ot"er s ,pto,s o* P"le!, in t"e c"est suc" as a *eelin! o* oppression or ti!"tness o* t"e c"est, sli!"t -reat"lessness, si!"in!. Jer s/ollen ton!ue, al,ost roun+, 2er stic. coatin! all o2er1 I "a2e seen t"is ton!ue onl in serious cases o* o-struction o* t"e Min+ causin! o-sessi2e -e"a2iour an+ ,ental +elusions. Ha,,er s"ape+1 t"is ton!ue s"ape also s"o/s serious ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s. M84; M54 AND MINISTER 3IRE T"e *irst +iscussion o* t"e Min! Men can -e *oun+ in t"e ?Classic o* Di**iculties@, especiall in c"apters G6 an+ GH. C"apter G6 sa s1 ?)he &idne#s are not reall# two! as the le$t &idne# is a &idne# proper and the right &idne# is the Ming Men" )he Ming Men is the residence o$ the %hen and is related to the +uan Qi9 in men it stores 5ssence! in women it is connected to the uterus" )hat is wh# there is onl# one &idne#@. C"apter GH sa s1 ?(h# does the classic sa# that there are * +ang and 1 +in organs> )he reason is that the +in organs count as 1 since there are two &idne#s" )he le$t &idne# is the &idne# proper! the right &idne# is the Ming Men" " " " the reason that there are 1 +ang organs is that each o$ the * +in organs has a corresponding +ang organ! plus an e3tra one ,eing the )riple 2urner@. T"ese t/o passa!es clearl s"o/ t"at accor+in! to t"e ?4an 'ing@ t"e Ming Men correspon+s to t"e ri!"t Ei+ne , an+ is t"ere*ore *unctionall insepara-le *ro, t"e Ei+ne s. T"e ?Mai 'ing@ /ritten - Dan! S"u He in t"e Han + nast con*ir,s t"is in assi!nin! t"e Ei+ne an+ Ming Men to t"e ri!"t Rear =pro0i,al> position on t"e pulse. C"en Du Re o* t"e Son! + nast /rote1 ?)he ancients considered the le$t &idne# as &idne# proper! related to the 2ladder! and the right &idne# as the Ming Men related to the

)riple 2urner@. Ho/e2er, *or se2eral centuries, up to t"e Min! + nast , ,e+ical /riters sel+o, +iscusse+ t"e Min! Men as so,et"in! separate *ro, t"e Ei+ne , an+ si,pl re*erre+ to it as ?Ei+ne ()i@. Dit" t"e -e!innin! o* t"e Min! + nast , t"e concept o* Min! Men /as !reatl +e2elope+, an+ i+eas on it +i**ere+ *ro, t"ose e0poun+e+ in t"e ?4an 'ing@" Durin! t"e Min! + nast , C"inese p" sicians no lon!er consi+ere+ t"e Ming Men as part o* t"e ri!"t Ei+ne , -ut as occup in! t"e place -et/een t"e t/o Ei+ne s. R"an! 8ie <in =746GS76'&> sai+1 ?)here are two &idne#s " " " the Ming Men is in ,etween them" " " " )he Ming Men is the organ o$ (ater and Fire! it is the residence o$ +in and +ang! the %ea o$ 5ssence and it determines li$e and death@. Li S"i R"en also sai+ t"at t"e Min! Men is in -et/een t"e t/o Ei+ne s. R"ao ;ian He +iscusse+ t"e Ming Men in !reatest +ept" in "is -oo. ?Me+icine Treasure@ =+i ;ui> pu-lis"e+ in 76I5. Most o* t"is -oo. +eals /it" p" siolo!ical an+ pat"olo!ical aspects o* t"e Ming Men. R"ao ;ian He also re!ar+e+ t"e Ming Men as -ein! -et/een t"e t/o Ei+ne s. He /rote t"at t"e Ming Men is t"e ,oti2e *orce o* all *unctional acti2ities o* t"e -o+ , -ein! t"e p" siolo!ical 3ire /"ic" is essential to li*e. T"is 3ire is also calle+ ?True 3ire@ or ?Minister 3ire@ =in quite a +i**erent sense t"at is attri-ute+ to t"e Pericar+iu,>. T"e i,portance o* t"e 3ire( nature o* t"e Ming Men is t"at it pro2i+es "eat *or all our -o+il *unctions an+ *or t"e Ei+ne (8in! itsel*. T"e Ei+ne s are unli.e an ot"er or!an in so *ar as t"e are t"e ori!in o* Dater an+ 3ire o* t"e -o+ , t"e Pri,ar Yin an+ Pri,ar Yan!. T"e Ming Men is t"e e,-o+i,ent o* t"e 3ire /it"in t"e Ei+ne s an+ t"e Minister 3ire is a special t pe o* 3ire in t"at not onl it +oes not e0tin!uis" Dater, -ut it can actuall pro+uce Dater. In t"is respect t"e Min! Men t"eor is at 2ariance /it" t"e 4(Ele,ent t"eor accor+in! to /"ic" t"e Minister 3ire are t"e Triple <urner an+ Pericar+iu,. 3:NCTIONS O3 THE MINISTER 3IRE =M84; M54> i> It is t"e Root o* t"e Yuan )i =+uan Qi> ii> It is t"e Source o* =p" siolo!ical> 3ire *or all t"e Internal Or!ans iii> It /ar,s t"e Lo/er <urner an+ <la++er i2> It /ar,s t"e Sto,ac" an+ Spleen to ai+ +i!estion 2> It "ar,oni9es t"e se0ual *unction an+ /ar,s t"e Essence an+ :terus 2i> It assists t"e Ei+ne *unction o* reception o* )i 2ii> It assists t"e Heart *unction o* "ousin! t"e S"en Yin 3ire is pat"olo!icall relate+ to t"e Mi++le <urner as /ell. D"en t"ere is Spleen +e*icienc , Da,pness i* *or,e+ an+ t"is in*uses +o/n to t"e Lo/er <urner. Here is ?s/a,ps@ t"e Yuan )i an+ t"e Minister 3ire +isplacin! t"e latter *ro, t"e place =t"e Lo/er <urner> /"ere it s"oul+ -e ?conceale+@. T"e Mi++le <urner "as Da,pness too, Spleen()i =an+ e2en Spleen(Yan!> is +e*icient an+ *ails to rise. 3or t"is reason, <u R"on! Yi )i Tan! is use+ to raise Spleen()iK /ar, Spleen(Yan! so t"at Da,pness no lon!er in*uses +o/n/ar+s to t"e Lo/er <urner. D"en t"e Lo/er <urner is opene+ an+ un-loc.e+ *ro, Da,pness, t"e Minister 3ire /ill return to its place o* conceal,ent in t"e Lo/er <urner, t"us eli,inatin! t"e s ,pto,s o* Yin 3ire. YIN 3IRE AND THE EMOTIONS

An e,otion can lea+ to Yin 3ire as all e,otions ,a stir t"e Minister 3ire out o* its resi+in! place in t"e Lo/er Dan Tian. All e,otions lea+ to )i sta!nation /"ic", in turn, e2entuall lea+s to so,e Heat. T"e situation can -e a!!ra2ate+ - t"e presence o* Da,pness in t"e Lo/er <urner =as it "appens in s"a,e>. T"is accounts *or s ,pto,s o* Heat in ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s t"at ,a +e* an classi*ication into 3ull( or E,pt (Heat1 t"is "appens /"en t"ere are s ,pto,s o* Heat a-o2e =re+ *ace, t"irst, *eelin! o* "eat in t"e *ace> an+ Col+ -elo/ =col+ *eet, !eneral col+ *eelin!>. TREATMENT O3 YIN 3IRE EMOTIONAL DIST:R<ANCE 7> Toni* t"e Yuan )i1 Ren('. %> Su-+ue risin! )i1 LI(', L:(5, Ren(75, Ren(74. G> Cal, t"e S"en an+ ,a.e )i +escen+1 Du(%', Du(7H, HE(4. '> Clear Heat up/ar+s1 P(I, P(5. 4> Re!ulate t"e Triple <urner1 T<(6, T<(4. 6> Do not use t"e $all(<la++er c"annel =,a.es )i rise>. THE PERICARDI:M AND THE MIND(SPIRIT T"e ?Su Den@ in c"apter I sa s1 ?)he Pericardium is the am,assador and $rom it jo# and happiness derive@. Li.e t"e Heart, t"e Pericar+iu, "ouses t"e S"en an+ it t"ere*ore in*luences our ,ental(e,otional state +eepl . 3or e0a,ple, a +e*icienc o* <loo+ /ill a**ect t"e Pericar+iu, as /ell as t"e Heart, ,a.in! t"e person +epresse+ an+ sli!"tl an0ious. Heat in t"e <loo+ /ill a!itate t"e Pericar+iu, an+ ,a.e t"e person a!itate+ an+ restless. P"le!, o-structin! t"e Pericar+iu, /ill also o-struct t"e S"en causin! ,ental con*usion. T"e Pericar+iu, *unction on t"e ,ental(e,otional plane is pro-a-l t"e ps c"ic equi2alent o* t"e *unction o* t"e Pericar+iu, in t"e c"est /it" re!ar+ to ,o2in! )i an+ <loo+ o* Heart an+ Lun!s1 Aust as it +oes t"at on a p" sical le2el, on a ,ental(e,otional le2el, t"e Pericar+iu, is responsi-le *or ?,o2e,ent@ to/ar+s ot"ers, i.e. in relations"ips. $i2en t"at t"e Pericar+iu, is relate+ to t"e Li2er /it"in t"e Ter,inal( Yin c"annels, t"is ?,o2e,ent@ is also relate+ to t"e ?,o2e,ent@ o* t"e Hun *ro, t"e e!o to/ar+s ot"ers in social, relations"ips an+ *a,ilial interactions. 3or t"is reason, on a ,ental(e,otional le2el, t"e Pericar+iu, is particularl responsi-le *or a "ealt" interaction /it" ot"er people in social, lo2e an+ *a,il relations"ips. T"e Pericar+iu, "ouses t"e S"en =/it" t"e Heart> C<loo+ +e*icienc o* t"e Pericar+iu, /ill cause +epression an+ sli!"t an0iet C<loo+ Heat o* t"e Pericar+iu, /ill cause an0iet , inso,nia an+ a!itation CP"le!, in t"e Pericar+iu, /ill cause ,ental con*usion an+, in se2ere cases, ,ental illness CT"e Pericar+iu, a**ects e,otional pro-le,s *ro, relations"ip pro-le,s RELATIONSHIP <ETDEEN PERICARDI:M AND MINISTER 3IRE T"e ?Ministerial 3ire@ is t"e 3ire o* t"e $ate o* Li*e =Ming Men>. T"is 3ire is essential to t"e "ealt" *unctionin! o* t"e -o+ . Alt"ou!" ,an +octors suc" as R"u R"en Hen! =7%I7S7G4I> i+enti*ie+ ?Ministerial 3ire@ /it" t"e 3ire o* t"e Min! Men =an+ t"ere*ore t"e Ei+ne s>, ot"ers, suc" as R"an! 8ie <in =746GS76'&>, i+enti*ie+ t"e ?Ministerial 3ire@ /it" suc" internal or!ans as t"e Ei+ne , Li2er, Triple <urner, $all <la++er an+ Pericar+iu,. In *act, t"e Minister 3ire is sai+ to !o up/ar+s to t"e Li2er, $all(<la++er an+ Pericar+iu, =in so

+oin! it is co,pare+ to t"e ?3ire Dra!on *l in! to t"e top o* a "i!" ,ountain@> an+ +o/n/ar+s to t"e Ei+ne s =in so +oin! it is co,pare+ to t"e ?3ire Dra!on i,,ersin! in t"e +eep sea@>. Man Pericar+iu, c"annel points "a2e a +eep in*luence on t"e ,ental state an+ are *requentl use+ in ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s. In particular, t"e Pericar+iu, also in*luences a personQs relations /it" ot"er people, an+ t"e points on its c"annel are o*ten use+ to treat e,otional pro-le,s cause+ - relations"ip +i**iculties =e.!. P(5 Dalin!>. CLINICAL NOTE CP(6 Nei!uan li*ts ,oo+ an+ treats +epression CP(5 Dalin! cal,s t"e S"en an+ settles an0iet CP(4 8ians"i resol2es P"le!, *ro, t"e Pericar+iu, to treat ,ental con*usion It coul+ -e sai+ t"at t"e protecti2e *unction o* t"e Pericar+iu, in relation to t"e Heart ,entione+ a-o2e, is re*lecte+ pri,aril in t"e ,ental(e,otional sp"ere /"ere t"e ?Minister 3ire@ o* t"e Pericar+iu, protects t"e ?E,peror 3ire@ o* t"e Heart. T"us, purel *ro, a 4(Ele,ent perspecti2e, t"e Pericar+iu, pertains to t"e Minister 3ire =/it" t"e Triple <urner> co,pare+ to t"e E,peror 3ire o* t"e Heart, /"ile *ro, t"e perspecti2e o* t"e Internal Or!ans, t"e Minister 3ire is t"e 3ire o* t"e Min! Men pertainin! to t"e Ei+ne s. Ho/e2er, t"ere is a connection -et/een t"e t/o 2ie/s as t"e Minister 3ire +oes *lo/ up to t"e Li2er, $all(<la++er an+ Pericar+iu,. In pat"olo! , t"is "as an e2en !reater rele2ance as t"e pat"olo!ical Minister 3ire =+ri2en e,otional stress> *lares up/ar+s to "arass t"e Pericar+iu, causin! ,ental restlessness, a!itation, an0iet an+ inso,nia. PERICARDI:M AND MINISTER 3IRE CPericar+iu, pertains to Minister 3ire /it" t"e Triple <urner =in ter,s o* c"annels> CPericar+iu, pertains to Minister 3ire /it" t"e Ei+ne s as Minister 3ire ori!inates t"ere CT"e Minister 3ire *lares up/ar+s to Li2er, $all(<la++er an+ Pericar+iu, an+ *lo/s +o/n/ar+s to t"e Ei+ne s C3ro, a 4(Ele,ent perspecti2e, t"e Pericar+iu, pertains to t"e Minister 3ire c"annels /it" t"e Triple <urner C3ro, an or!an perspecti2e, t"e Minister 3ire ori!inates *ro, t"e Ei+ne s CPat"olo!ical Minister 3ire *lares up/ar+s to "arass t"e Pericar+iu,. THE MENTAL(EMOTIONAL E33ECT O3 P(6 NEI$:AN P(6 Nei!uan "as a s ner!istic e**ect on acupuncture points prescriptions. T"e a++ition o* P(6 to an prescription increases t"e t"erapeutic e**ect. 8ust as P(6 "as t"is e**ect on a p" sical le2el, it "as one on a ,ental(e,otional le2el, i.e. it can -olster t"e e**ect o* a point co,-ination *or ,ental(e,otional pro-le,s. T"is e**ect o* P(6 is +ue to 2arious *actors. 3irstl , it a**ects t"e S"en, -ut "o/ +oes its e**ect on t"e S"en +i**er *ro, t"at o* t"e HeartP T"e Heart is ,ore Yin, it !o2erns <loo+ /"ic" "ouses t"e S"en. T"e Pericar+iu, is ,ore Yan!, it is t"e e0ternal co2erin! o* t"e Heart, it t"ere*ore controls ,o2e,ent o* )i on a ,ental(e,otional le2el. T"is e**ect on )i is +ue also to its relations"ip /it" t"e Li2er /it"in t"e Ter,inal Yin ='ue +in>.

T"e ,o2in! e**ect o* P(6 is +ue also to ot"er *actors. T"e *irst is its nature o* Luo point o* t"e Pericar+iu, c"annel. As Luo point, it a**ects t"e Triple <urner1 it can t"ere*ore ,o2e )i o* t"e Triple <urner in all t"ree <urners an+ t"is also "as a ,ental( e,otional e**ect. Secon+l , t"e Pericar+iu, is t"e "in!e o* t"e Yin c"annels, an+, -ein! t"e Luo point, P(6 is t"e ?"in!e@ o* t"e Hin!e1 in its capacit as ?"in!e@ it connects t"in!s. On a ,ental(e,otional le2el, t"at ,eans t"at it re!ulates our capacit *or relations"ips. Its *unction o* ?"in!e@ is also relate+ to its -ein! t"e openin! point o* t"e Yin Dei Mai /"ic" lin.s all t"e Yin c"annels. THE TRIPLE <:RNER AND THE EMOTIONS <ein! t"e ?"in!e@ on a ps c"olo!ical le2el ,eans t"at t"ese c"annels are ?,e+iators@ in t"e sense t"at t"e can a**ect a personBs capacit to relate to ot"er people an+ t"e e0ternal /orl+. T"e Triple <urner an+ Pericar+iu, c"annels a**ect t"e ,ental( e,otional state -ecause t"e Minister 3ire rises to/ar+s t"ese t/o c"annelsK t"ere*ore /"en t"e Minister 3ire is arouse+ - e,otional pro-le,s an+ it rises to/ar+s t"e Pericar+iu, an+ Triple <urner c"annels, points o* t"ese c"annels can -e use+ to clear Heat an+ cal, t"e Min+. 3inall , t"e Pericar+iu, an+ Triple <urner c"annels are s ,,etrical in so *ar as t"e *or,er is t"e openin! point o* t"e Yin Lin.in! Jessel =+in (ei Mai> an+ t"e latter o* t"e Yan! Lin.in! Jessel =+ang (ei Mai>1 t"is is anot"er reason /" t"ese t/o c"annels connect t"e G Yin an+ G Yan! respecti2el . MENTAL ASPECT T"e ,ental(e,otional aspect o* t"e Triple <urner is +eter,ine+ - its +ual nature as pertainin! to t"e c"aracter o* -ot" 3ire an+ Doo+. T"e Triple <urner pertains to 3ire as it is e0teriorl (interiorl relate+ to t"e Pericar+iu, -ut also -ecause it is t"e e,issar o* t"e Ori!inal )i =+uan Qi> an+ o* t"e 3ire o* t"e $ate o* Li*e =Ming Men>. It parta.es o* t"e c"aracter o* Doo+ as it is connecte+ to t"e $all(<la++er /it"in t"e Lesser Yan! c"annels. T"ese t/o aspects are not unrelate+ as, as /e "a2e seen, t"e Minister 3ire -et/een t"e Ei+ne s ascen+s to connect /it" t"e Triple <urner, t"e $all(<la++er an+ t"e Pericar+iu,. T"e Triple <urnerBs c"aracter o* 3ire ,eans t"at t"is or!anOc"annel is in2ol2e+ in assistin! t"e %hen an+ Hun especiall in *or,in! an+ ,aintainin! relations"ips. As t"e Triple <urner is t"e ?"in!e@ -et/een t"e Yan! c"annels =/it" t"e $reater Yan! openin! onto t"e E0terior an+ t"e <ri!"t Yan! openin! onto t"e Interior>, is acts as t"e ?"in!e@ also on a ps c"ic le2el, i.e. in t"e e,otional -alance -et/een t"e out!oin! ,o2e,ent to/ar+s ot"er people an+ relatin! an+ t"e in/ar+ ,o2e,ent to/ar+s onesel*. T"e Pericar+iu, "as also t"is *unction /it"in t"e Yin as it pertains to t"e Ter,inal Yin t"at is t"e ?"in!e@ -et/een t"e $reater Yin an+ t"e Lesser Yin. In so *ar as it parta.es t"e c"aracter o* Doo+, t"e Triple <urner "as a si,ilar ,ental( e,otional in*luence as t"e Li2er, i.e. it also pro,otes t"e ?*ree *lo/@ o* e,otions in a s,oot" /a so t"at e,otions are *reel e0presse+ an+ not represse+. 8ust as, on a p" sical le2el, t"e Triple <urner controls t"e ,o2e,ent o* )i in all or!ans an+ structures, on a ,ental(e,otional le2el, it controls t"e s,oot" *lo/ o* )i -et/een t"e Min+ an+ t"e Et"ereal Soul so t"at e,otions +o not turn into ?,oo+s@ /"ic" "appens /"en )i sta!nates.