Criminal Procedure

ABBARIAO v BELTRAN 468 SCRA 421 PANGANIBAN; August 31, 2005

NATURE Administrativ matt r in t! Su"r m C#urt FACTS $ %!is st mm d &r#m an administrativ 'as &i( d )* A))aria# against +udg B (tran, B (tran -as '!arg d -it! gr#ss ign#ran' #& t! (a- and .n#-ing(* r nd ring un/ust /udgm nt, $ A)arria# -as t! &#rm r )ran'! manag r #& C#untr* Ban. r0s Assuran' C#r"#rati#n, In 1't#) r 1222, +#s "! A)ra!am "r#'ur d 2 insuran' "#(i'i s &r#m !im and issu d a "#st$dat d '! '. t# s rv as "as*m nt, But t! '! 3u -as su)s 3u nt(* dis!#n#r d, $ In&#rmati#ns - r &i( d ) &#r ) &#r +udg B (tran &#r sta&a and vi#(ati#n #& BP 22, Petitioners Claim $ P titi#n r '(aims t!at B (tran0s ru(ing t!at t! r -as n# va(id insuran' '#ntra't -it! A)ra!am -as rr#n #us and t!at ! !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as in t! &irst "(a' , Respondents Comments $ B (tran '(aims t!at t! r -as n# va(id insuran' '#ntra't ) t- n A))aria# and A)ra!am ) 'aus t! insuran' "#(i'* &#rm #& A)ra!am -as disa""r#v d, $ 4 a(s# '(aims ! !as /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as ) 'aus t! a''us d -as arraign d in !is '#urt and t! "r#s 'ut#r &ai( d t# -it!dra- t! 'as , ISSUE 1, 51N t! /udg is gui(t* #& r nd ring un/ust /udgm nt 2, 51N B (tran0s ru(ing s!#- d gr#ss ign#ran' #& t! (a- in t rms #& assuming /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as HELD 1, N1, t! /udg must ) a)s#(v d &r#m t!is '!arg , Ratio %! a'ts #& /udg s " rtaining t# t! ir /udi'ia( &un'ti#ns ar n#t su)/ 't t# dis'i"(inar* "#- r, un( ss su'! a'ts ar '#mmit d -it! &raud, dis!#n st*, '#rru"ti#n #r )ad &ait!, In t! a)s n' #& "r##& t# t! '#ntrar*, an rr#n #us d 'isi#n #r #rd r is "r sum d t# !av ) n issu d in g##d &ait!, 2, 67S, B (tran !ad n# aut!#rit* t# ru( #v r t! 'as , Ratio A '#urt 'an #n(* ta. '#gni8an' #& a 'as t!at &a((s -it!in its /urisdi'ti#n, Reasoning $ A"ri( 15, 1224 is t! dat #& && 'tivit* #& RA 9621, RA 9621 :"and d t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! &irst$( v ( '#urts )* "r#viding t!at &irst$( v ( '#urts s!a(( !av /urisdi'ti#n #v r 'rimina( 'as s in -!i'! t! #&& ns is "unis!a)( -it! im"ris#nm nt n#t :' ding 6 * ars, r gard( ss #& t! am#unt #& t! &in , $ +anuar* 30, 1225 -as t! dat t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d, %! 'as !ad t# d# -it! t! vi#(ati#n #& BP 22 -!i'! is " na(i8 d )* an im"ris#nm nt #& n#t ( ss t!an 30 da*s )ut n#t m#r t!an #n * ar, %!us -! n t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d, RA 9621 -as a(r ad* in && 't,

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$ ;uring t! t nur #& t! &#rm r "r siding /udg , t! issu #& /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as -as a(r ad* " nding r s#(uti#n, 4 a(s# dis"(a* d ind 'isiv n ss )* r (*ing #n t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r0s assuran' t!at !is '#urt !ad a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n, $ Asid &r#m t!is instan' , t! r - r t-# #t! r #''asi#ns -! n B (tran -as '!arg d and &#und gui(t* #& gr#ss ign#ran' #& t! (a- <in De Austria v. Beltran and Andres v. Beltran=, DISPOSITION +udg B (tran -as &#und gui(t* #& gr#ss ign#ran' #& t! (a- &#r -!i'! ! is &in d P20,000 as r '#mm nd d )* t! 1CA and is -arn d t!at a r " titi#n #& t! sam a't -#u(d m rit a grav r " na(t*,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

inv stigati#ns, %!us, it -as t! r s"#nd nt /udg -!# '#ndu't d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ t! 1&&i' #& t! C#urt Administrat#r <1CA= &#und t!at r s"#nd nt rr d -! n s! '#ndu't d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! su)/ 't 'rimina( '#m"(aint v n a&t r t! >uni'i"a(it* #& ?iga#, A()a* !ad ) n '#nv rt d int# a 'it*, %! 1CA r '#mm nd d t!atC <1= t! '#m"(aint ) r $d#'. t d as a r gu(ar administrativ matt r; and <2= t! r s"#nd nt ) r "rimand d, dir 't d t# '#n' ntrat ! r tim and &&#rt #n " r&#rming ! r /udi'ia( tas.s and -arn d t!at a r " titi#n #& t! sam #r simi(ar #&& ns -#u(d ) d a(t -it! m#r s v r (*, $ A m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -as &i( d )* r s"#nd nt #n 1't#) r 1, 2003, This time( respondent claimed that "hat she conducted on Novem!er )*( )++, "as a preliminary e$amination to determine pro!a!le cause or the issuance o a "arrant o arrest against the spouses# Respondent also claimed that the criminal complaint "as governed !y Sec# *( Rule ,,) o the Revised Rules o Criminal Procedure( the rule governing cases that did not re-uire preliminary investigation# Sin' t! am#unt inv#(v d in t! sta&a 'as -as P12,000, n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -as r 3uir d, ISSUES 1, 51N r s"#nd nt /udg !ad t! aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n 2, 51N r s"#nd nt /udg is gui(t* #& mis'#ndu't in #&&i' 3, 51N "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -as n#t r 3uir d &#r t! sta&a 'as 4, 51N -arrant #& arr st -as va(id HELD 1, N1 $ A(t!#ug! /udg s #& in& ri#r '#urts ar aut!#ri8 d t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& a(( 'rim s -it!in t! ir /urisdi'ti#n, t! tas. is ss ntia((* an : 'utiv &un'ti#n, As &ar )a'. as C#(( 't#r #& Cust#ms v, @i((a(u8, a(r ad* ! (d t!atC D-E!i( - sustain t! "#- r #& t! : : : '#urts t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* :aminati#n, "ursuant t# 1ur C#nstituti#na( "#- r #& administrativ su" rvisi#n #v r a(( '#urts ( as a matter o policy( "e enjoin $ $ $ judge.s/ $ $ $ to concentrate on hearing and deciding !e ore their courts# $ $ $ .0udges/ should not encum!er themselves "ith the preliminary e$amination and investigation o criminal complaints( "hich they should re er to the municipal judge or provincial or city iscal( "ho in turn can utili1e the assistance o the state prosecutor to conduct such preliminary e$amination and investigation# $ Cit* /udg s t! n - r '( ar(* aut!#ri8 d t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and :aminati#n, 2ut even then( "e also held that the provisions o Rule ,,) granting city judges the authority to conduct preliminary investigation did not apply to judges o cities the charters o "hich authori1ed the city iscal only to conduct preliminary investigation o criminal complaints# $ %!is ru(ing -as, in &a't, int grat d int# t! Revised Rules o Criminal Procedure# 3nder Sec# ,( Rule ,,+( criminal actions in chartered cities are instituted !y iling the complaint only "ith the City Prosecutor, %! ru( im"(i s t!at t! tas. #& '#ndu'ting "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in t! s 'iti s is n#- (#dg d -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r, Conse-uently( in erior court judges o cities "hose

RIBAYA v JUDGE BINAMIRA-PARCIA A> N#, >%+$04$1549 C1RN7+1; A"ri( 15, 2005
NATURE Administrativ 'as against +udg Aur#ra Binamira$Par'ia #& t! >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urt in Citi s <>%CC=, ?iga# Cit*, A()a* r (ativ t# Crimina( Cas N#, 8619 <P #"( v, S"s, Ri)a*a= FACTS $ Asst Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r P dr# @ ga, in !is " rs#na( 'a"a'it*, &i( d ) &#r t! >%CC, ?iga# Cit* a 'rimina( '#m"(aint &#r sta&a against t! S" s Ri)a*a #n N#v m) r 22, 2001, %! s"#us s, a&t r r ' iving P12,000 &r#m @ ga, a(( g d(* misa""r#"riat d t! am#unt t# t! (att r0s "r /udi' , %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -as t! n '#ndu't d )* r s"#nd nt /udg , $ C#m"(ainant, t! daug!t r #& t! a''us d s"#us s, #)s rv d s v ra( irr gu(ariti s in t! '#ndu't #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, %! s"#us s t! n &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! and s#ug!t t! nu((i&i'ati#n #& Asu)s 3u nt #rd rsB, They alleged that the MTCC had no jurisdiction and authority to conduct a preliminary investigation o a complaint iled !y an o ended party directly "ith the court# The authority to conduct a preliminary investigation "as vested solely on the O ice o the City Prosecutor# $ 5!i( -aiting &#r t! r s#(uti#n #& t! ir m#ti#n t# 3uas!, t! s"#us s did n#t "#st )ai(, 1n A"ri( 10, 2002 C#ra8#n Ri)a*a -as a""r ! nd d )* arr sting #&&i' rs in t! "u)(i' mar. t )* virtu #& a -arrant #& arr st issu d )* r s"#nd nt /udg , $ %! '#m"(ainant &i( d t!is administrativ 'as against +udg Par'ia, %! m#ti#ns )asi'a((* 3u sti#n d r s"#nd nt0s aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ In ! r ans- r, r s"#nd nt /udg '(aim d t!at '#m"(ainant -as n#t a "art* in Crimina( Cas N#, 8619, Respondent e$plained that she conducted the preliminary investigation o the criminal complaint against the spouses !ecause the O icer%in%Charge &OIC' o the O ice o the City Prosecutor "as too !usy to do so# $ %# su""#rt ! r '(aim, r s"#nd nt atta'! d t! a&&idavit #& 1IC Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r @as3u 8 #& t! t! n n -(*$'r at d ?iga# Cit*, @as3u 8 stat d t!at t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r0s 1&&i' -as sti(( und rg#ing r #rgani8ati#n -! n t! su)/ 't 'rimina( '#m"(aint -as &i( d, It !ad n it! r n#ug! man"#- r n#r #&&i' s"a' in t! 4a(( #& +usti' , P#siti#ns !ad n#t * t ) n &i(( d, 4is -#r.(#ad as Asst Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r and 1IC Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r -as s# ! av* t!at tim '#nstraints did n#t " rmit !im t# '#ndu't "r (iminar*

Criminal Procedure
charters authori1e only the iscal to conduct preliminary investigation are no longer allo"ed to per orm this unction# $ %! >uni'i"a(it* #& ?iga# -as '#nv rt d int# a 'it* )* RA 2008 -!i'! t##. && 't #n F ) 21, 2001, %!is (a-, a(s# .n#-n as t! '!art r #& t! Cit* #& ?iga#, "r#vid s in S ', 50 t!atC <a= %! r s!a(( ) sta)(is! d in t! 'it* a "r#s 'uti#n s rvi' t# ) ! ad d )* a 'it* "r#s 'ut#r and su'! num) r #& assistant "r#s 'ut#rs as ma* ) n ' ssar*, -!# s!a(( ) #rgani8ati#na((* "art #& t! ;1+G <)= %! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r s!a(( !and( t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n in t! >%C in t! 'it* as - (( as in t! R%C &#r 'rimina( 'as s #riginating in t! t rrit#r* #& t! 'it*, and s!a(( r nd r t# #r &#r t! 'it* su'! s rvi' s as ar r 3uir d )* (a-, #rdinan' #r r gu(ati#n #& t! ;1+G $ C( ar(*, r s"#nd nt /udg !ad n# m#r aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! su)/ 't 'rimina( '#m"(aint, %! #&&i' r aut!#ri8 d t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns in t! t! n n -(*$'r at d Cit* #& ?iga# -as its Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r, At t!at tim , t! dut* d v#(v d u"#n 1IC Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r @as3u 8, d s"it t! administrativ di&&i'u(ti s ! -as n'#unt ring, 2, 67S $ 5 n#ti' d t! '#ntradi'ti#n ) t- n ! r ans- r and ! r m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n as t# -!at s! a'tua((* '#ndu't d #n N#v m) r 22, 2001, In ! r ans- r, s! /usti&i d ! r aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, In ! r m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! 1CA0s r s#(uti#n, !#- v r, s! d '(ar d t!at s! '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* :aminati#n t# /usti&* t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st $%! r a"" ar /ust t## man* intriguing un' rtainti s surr#unding t! &i(ing #& t! sta&a 'as , 5 t! r &#r dir 't #ur att nti#n t# r s"#nd nt /udg 0s &ai(ur t# ras #ur d#u)ts #v r !#- s! administ rs /usti' in ! r /urisdi'ti#n, $ R s"#nd nt /udg must ) r mind d t!at s! s!#u(d d# !#n#r t# ! r "#siti#n n#t #n(* )* r nd ring /ust, '#rr 't and im"artia( d 'isi#ns )ut d#ing s# in a mann r &r &r#m an* sus"i'i#n as t# t! ir &airn ss and im"artia(it*, and as t# ! r int grit*, A s"#t( ss dis" nsati#n #& /usti' r 3uir s n#t #n(* t!at t! d 'isi#n r nd r d ) intrinsi'a((* &air )ut t!at t! /udg r nd ring it must at a(( tim s maintain t! a"" aran' #& &airn ss and im"artia(it*, $ C#nsid ring a(( t!is, r s"#nd nt /udg '#mmitt d sim"( mis'#ndu't in #&&i' , >is'#ndu't in #&&i' !as a - (($d &in d m aning, It r & rs t# mis'#ndu't t!at a&& 'ts t! /udg 0s " r&#rman' #& ! r duti s and n#t /ust ! r '!ara't r as a "rivat individua(, %# '#nstitut an administrativ #&& ns , mis'#ndu't s!#u(d r (at t# #r ) '#nn 't d -it! t! " r&#rman' #& t! #&&i'ia( &un'ti#ns and duti s #& a "u)(i' #&&i' r, 3, 67S $ R s"#nd nt '#rr 't(* #)s rv d t!at it -as n#t n d d in t! sta&a 'as , %! ma:imum " na(t* &#r t! 'rim a(( g d(* '#mmitt d t! r <6 m#nt!s and 1 da* t# 4 * ars and 2 m#nt!s= did n#t m t t! minimum " na(t* <at ( ast 4 * ars, 2 m#nt!s and 1 da*= r 3uir d t# ma. a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "art #& t! s"#us s0 rig!t t# du "r#' ss, 4, 67S $ As (#ng as t! '#nstituti#na( mandat -as '#m"(i d -it!, t!at is, t! -arrant #& arr st -as issu d u"#n a &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus " rs#na((* )* t! /udg a&t r an :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , t! -arrant #& arr st -as va(id, $ R s"#nd nt /udg :amin d t! '#m"(ainant P dr# @ ga #n t! da* t!

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'#m"(aint -as &i( d and s! -as satis&i d t!at "r#)a)( 'aus :ist d, %! -arrant #& arr st s! issu d against t! s"#us s Ri)a*a -as, t! r &#r , /usti&i d and n# vi#(ati#n #& t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!ts #''urr d, DISPOSITION R s"#nd nt +udg Aur#ra Binamira$Par'ia is ! r )* &#und gui(t* #& sim"( mis'#ndu't and a &in #& P11,000 is im"#s d #n ! r, S! is ! r )* dir 't d t# d v#t ! r tim and &&#rt :'(usiv (* t# dis'!arging ! r /udi'ia( &un'ti#ns, S! is &urt! rm#r -arn d t!at a r " titi#n #& t! sam #r simi(ar a't -i(( m rit a m#r s v r " na(t*,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ 4#- v r, " titi#n r 'ann#t n#- rais t!is 3u sti#n ) &#r t! Su"r m C#urt, As t! * !av ta'it(* su)mitt d t# t! %C0s ru(ing t!at t! sakdal did n#t !av t# ) trans(at d in 7ng(is!; t! * ana(*8 d t! sakdal in arguing t!at it stat d n# 'aus #& a'ti#n, Su'! ana(*sis d m#nstrat d t!at t! * und rst##d its '#nt nts, DISPOSITION ; ni d &#r (a'. #& m rit,

TUMANG v BAUTISTA 136 SCRA 682 ABA;$SAN%1S; >a* 31 1285

NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - and annu( #rd rs #& R%C ?aguna FACTS $ 7mi(i# +avi r &i( d a sakdal against 7nri3u %umang and !is daug!t r G #rgia %umang, $ %! sakdal -as -ritt n in %aga(#g and -as una''#m"ani d )* an 7ng(is! trans(ati#n, $ %! %umangs "ra* d t!at +avi r ) #rd r d t# &i( a '#"* #& t! '#m"(aint as trans(at d in 7ng(is!, and a '#"* #& t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint and ; 'isi#n #& a'3uitta( in t! un/ust v :ati#n 'as m nti#n d in +avi r0s '#m"(aint, $ %C ru( d #n 1't, 21 1282 t!at t! '#m"(aint -ritt n in Pi(i"in#, -!i'! is an #&&i'ia( (anguag , is "r#" r and is admitt d, %C a(s# ru( d t!at it is n#t a)s#(ut (* n ' ssar* t!at '#"i s #& t! '#m"(aint and 'rimina( 'as ) atta'! d as ann : s, +avi r s!#u(d !av , !#- v r, at ( ast stat d t! d#'. t num) r as - (( as nam #& t! '#urt and )ran'! num) r, $ %! %umangs &ai( d t# ans- r t! sakdal and - r d '(ar d in d &au(t, %! * s#ug!t t# r '#nsid r, n#t #n(* t! #rd r #& d &au(t )ut a(s# t! #rd r admitting t! '#m"(aint in Pi(i"in#, $ %C s t asid its #rd r #& d &au(t t!at r &us d t# r '#nsid r its #rd r #& 1't#) r 21, 1282, $ %! %umangs &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss, a(( ging t!at t! '#m"(aint did n#t stat a 'aus #& a'ti#n and t!at t! v nu -as im"r#" r(* (aid, %C d ni d t! m#ti#n #n )#t! gr#unds, ISSUE 51N t! sakdal s!#u(d !av ) n in 7ng(is! and n#t %aga(#g HELD 67S $ In t! "#n nt 0s ( 'tur , A5riting ; 'isi#nsB, ! said in "artC A5!at (anguag s!#u(d t! /udg us H %! '#nstituti#n sa*s t!at unti( #t! r-is "r#vid d )* (a-, 7ng(is! and Pi(i"in# s!a(( ) t! #&&i'ia( (anguag sI <Art, J@, S ', 3, Par 3,= I& - ar t# ) guid d )* t!is "r#visi#n t! n it! r 7ng(is! #& Pi(i"in# 'an ) us d, But in &a't 7ng(is! is a(m#st :'(usiv (* us d and -it! g##d r as#n, F#r Pi(i"in# is sti(( a g stating (anguag , %! '#nstituti#n sa*s s#, It dir 'ts t!at At! Batasang Pam)ansa s!a(( ta. st "s t#-ards t! d v (#"m nt and &#rma( ad#"ti#n #& a '#mm#n nati#na( (anguag t# ) .n#-n as Pi(i"in#,B

POTOT v PEOPLE 383 SCRA 442 SAN;1@A?$GK%I7RR7L; +un 26, 2002

NATURE R vi - #n ' rti#rari #n a d 'isi#n #& R%C #& Catarman, N#rt! rn Samar FACTS $ ; ',12,1222C P#t#t -as '!arg d -it! !#mi'id ) &#r t! R%C &#r assau(ting and sta))ing a ' rtain R#d#(&# ;a"u(ag -it! a .ni& , t! r )* 'ausing !is d at!, $ F ),1, 2000C K"#n arraignm nt, P#t#t "( ad d gui(t* and inv#. d t! mitigating 'ir'umstan' s #& "( a #& gui(t* and v#(untar* surr nd r, 4 -as (at r '#nvi't d #& !#mi'id -M t! a)#v stat d mitigating 'ir'umstan' s, $ F ),3, 2000C P#t#t &i( d a mani& stati#n -it! m#ti#n in&#rming t! %C t!at ! is n#t a"" a(ing &r#m t! ; 'isi#n and "ra*ing t!at a '#mmitm nt #rd r ) issu d s# ! '#u(d imm diat (* s rv !is s nt n' , $ F ),11, 2000C Privat '#m"(ainant R#sa(i ;a"u(ag <-i& #& t! vi'tim=, -it! t! '#n&#rmit* #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#nMr tria( "ra*ing t!at t! d 'isi#n ) s t asid and t!at t! 'as ) ! ard again ) 'aus #& ' rtain irr gu(ariti s '#mmitt d ) &#r and during t! tria(, S! a(( g d t!at t! r - r 2 #t! r m n inv#(v d in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim and t!at t! * -itn ss d (i) rat (* -it!! (d t! in&#rmati#n u"#n s#(i'itati#n )* a ' rtain >a*#r ;a"u(ag and u"#n t! * -itn ss s0 #-n ) (i & t!at su'! in'(usi#n -#u(d '#m"(i'at t! 'as and ma. it m#r di&&i'u(t, $ P titi#n r #""#s d t!is m#ti#n, ass rting t!at t! d 'isi#n 'an n# (#ng r ) m#di&i d #r s t asid ) 'aus it ) 'am &ina( -! n ! &#rma((* -aiv d !is rig!t t# a"" a(, $ >a* 3, 2000C %! tria( '#urt grant d R#sa(i ;a"u(ag0s m#ti#n, s t asid its "r vi#us ; 'isi#n as - (( as #rd r d t!at t! r '#rds #& t! 'as ) r mand d t# t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r &#r r $ va(uati#n #& t! vid n' and &i(ing #& t! '#rr s"#nding '!arg , $ P titi#n r &i( d a >FR, '#nt nding t!at t! tria( '#urt !as n# /urisdi'ti#n t# issu t! F ),1 #rd r as t! ; 'isi#n !ad ) '#m &ina(, and t!at t! said #rd r -#u(d "(a' !im in d#u)( / #"ard*, $ >a* 26, 2000C %! tria( '#urt d ni d t! >FR &#r t! r as#n t!at t! Stat is n#t )#und )* t! rr#r #r n g(ig n' #& its "r#s 'uting #&&i' rs, ! n' , / #"ard* d# s n#t atta'!, $ P titi#n r n#- assai(s t! >a* 3 rd and >a* 26 #rd rs -it! t! S#(,G n, agr ing t!at t! '!a(( ng d #rd rs s!#u(d ) s t asid and t!at t! F ), 1 ; 'isi#n s!#u(d ) r instat d, ISSUES 1, 51N t! tria( '#urt, u"#n m#ti#n )* a "rivat '#m"(ainant, 'an s t asid a "r vi#us /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n and r mand t! r '#rds #& a 'as

Criminal Procedure
t# t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r &#r r $ va(uati#n #& t! vid n' and t! &i(ing #& t! '#rr s"#nding '!arg 2, 51N t! mani& stati#n )* t! a''us d t!at ! is n#t a"" a(ing &r#m t! tria( '#urt0s ; 'isi#n r nd r t! /udgm nt &ina( 3, 51N t! tria( '#urt rr in granting "rivat '#m"(ainant0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#nMr tria( 4, 51N t! assai( d #rd rs vi#(at " titi#n r0s '#nstituti#na( rig!t against d#u)( / #"ard* HELD 1, N1 Ratio 1n(* t! a''us d ma* as. &#r a m#di&i'ati#n #r s tting asid #& a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n -!i'! ! must d# ) &#r t! said /udgm nt ) '#m s &ina( #r ) &#r ! " r& 'ts !is a"" a(, Reasoning % S ', 9 Ru( 120 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , as am nd d, "r#vid sC S ', 9, >#di&i'ati#n #& /udgm nt $ A /udgm nt #& conviction ma*, upon motion of the accused, ) modified or set aside before it becomes final #r ) &#r a"" a( is " r& 't d , 7:' "t -! r t! d at! " na(t* is im"#s d, a judgment becomes final a&t r t! (a"s #& t! " ri#d &#r " r& 'ting an a"" a(, #r -! n t! s nt n' !as ) n "artia((* #r t#ta((* satis&i d #r s rv d, #r when the accused has waived in writing his right to appeal , #r !as a""(i d &#r "r#)ati#n, $ It is t!us '( ar t!at #n(* t! a''us d ma* as. &#r a m#di&i'ati#n #r s tting asid #& a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, And t!is ! must d# ) &#r t! said /udgm nt ) '#m s &ina( #r ) &#r ! " r& 'ts !is a"" a(, Su'! /udgm nt ) '#m s &ina( in an* #& t! &#((#-ing -a*sC <a= -! n n# a"" a( is s as#na)(* &i( d )* t! a''us d, :' "t in 'as #& aut#mati' r vi - #& t! d 'isi#n im"#sing t! 'a"ita( " na(t*; <)= -! n ! !as "artia((* #r t#ta((* s rv d !is s nt n' ; <'= -! n ! :"r ss(* -aiv s !is rig!t t# a"" a( t! /udgm nt, :' "t -! n t! d at! " na(t* is im"#s d; #r <d= -! n ! a""(i s &#r "r#)ati#n, 5! n a /udgm nt ) '#m s &ina(, t! tria( '#urt -!i'! r nd r d t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n (#s s /urisdi'ti#n t# a(t r, m#di&*, #r r v#. it, 2, 67S Ratio %! -aiv r )* t! a''us d #& !is rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n !as t! && 't #& 'ausing t! /udgm nt t# ) '#m &ina( and una(t ra)( , Reasoning $ It is an undis"ut d &a't t!at a&t r t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, " titi#n r &i( d a mani& stati#n :"r ss(* -aiving !is rig!t t# a"" a( t! r &r#m, 4is int nti#n n#t t# a"" a( is &urt! r indi'at d )* !is "ra* r in t! sam mani& stati#n &#r t! imm diat issuan' #& a '#mmitm nt #rd r s# ! '#u(d s rv !is s nt n' , Su'! -aiv r !as t! && 't #& 'ausing t! /udgm nt t# ) '#m &ina( and una(t ra)( , %!us, it -as ) *#nd t! aut!#rit* #& t! tria( '#urt t# issu t! #rd r #& >a* 3, 2000 s tting asid its F ),3, 2000 ; 'isi#n -!i'! !ad attain d &ina(it*, 3, 67S Ratio 5! n t! >FR #& t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n is n#t initiat d )* t! a''us d #r at t! instan' #& t! tria( '#urt -it! t! '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, t! sam s!#u(d ) d ni d #utrig!t, Reasoning $ S ', 1 Ru( 121 #& t! sam Ru( s "r#vid sC

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S ',1, N - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n N At an* tim before a /udgm nt #& conviction ) '#m s final, t! '#urt ma*, on motion of the accused or at its own instance but with the consent of the accused , grant a n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n, $ Sin' t! >FR #& t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n -as n#t initiat d )* t! a''us d #r at t! instan' #& t! tria( '#urt -it! !is '#ns nt, t! sam s!#u(d !av ) n d ni d #utrig!t as ) ing vi#(ativ #& t! a)#v "r#visi#n, At an* rat , t! r '#rds d# n#t s!#- an* irr gu(arit* in t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! 'as ) &#r t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r0s 1&&i' , 4, 67S Ratio %! rig!t against d#u)( / #"ard* "r#!i)its an* su)s 3u nt "r#s 'uti#n #& an* " rs#n &#r a 'rim #& -!i'! ! !as "r vi#us(* ) n a'3uitt d #r '#nvi't d, Reasoning % %# inv#. t! d & ns #& d#u)( / #"ard*, t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s must ) "r s ntC <1= a va(id '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n; <2= t! '#urt !as /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! 'as ; <3= t! a''us d !as "( ad d t# t! '!arg ; and <4= ! !as ) n '#nvi't d #r a'3uitt d, #r t! 'as against !im dismiss d #r #t! r-is t rminat d -it!#ut !is :"r ss '#ns nt, $ %! s r 3uisit s !av ) n sta)(is! d, R '#rds s!#- t!at " titi#n r -as '!arg d -it! !#mi'id und r a va(id in&#rmati#n ) &#r t! tria( '#urt -!i'! !as /urisdi'ti#n #v r it, 4 -as arraign d and "( ad d gui(t* t# t! '!arg , 1n t! )asis #& !is "( a, " titi#n r -as '#nvi't d and m t d t! '#rr s"#nding " na(t*, As " titi#n r !as ) n "(a' d in / #"ard* &#r t! 'rim #& !#mi'id , ! 'ann#t ) "r#s 'ut d an - &#r t! sam #&& ns , #r an* #&& ns -!i'! n ' ssari(* in'(ud s #r is n ' ssari(* in'(ud d in t! &irst #&& ns '!arg d, DISPOSITION %! " titi#n is grant d, %! assai( d #rd rs dat d >a* 3, 2000 and >a* 26, 2000 issu d )* t! tria( '#urt ar s t asid , Its d 'isi#n dat d F ), 1, 2000 is r instat d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ " titi#n r t!r#ug! '#uns ( &i( d in #" n '#urt ) &#r t! D"Eu)(i' DrE s"#nd nt an P1""#siti#n t# t! F#rma( 7ntr* #& A"" aran' #& t! Privat Pr#s 'ut#r0 $ A%! D"Eu)(i' DrE s"#nd nt '#urt during t! said ! aring n#t d t! F#rma( 7ntr* #& A"" aran' #& Att*, F (i: R, S#(#m#n as D"Erivat D"Er#s 'ut#r as - (( as t! 1""#siti#n &i( d t! r t# )* ! r in D"E titi#n r, $ Ruling of the Trial Court N#ting " titi#n r0s #""#siti#n t# t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r0s ntr* #& a"" aran' , t! R%C ! (d t!at t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns '!arg d is d m d institut d, un( ss t! #&& nd d "art* <1= -aiv s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, <2= r s rv s t! rig!t t# institut it s "arat (*, #r <3= institut s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n "ri#r t# t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, C#nsid ring t!at t! #&& nd d "art* !ad "aid t! '#rr s"#nding &i(ing & &#r t! sta&a 'as s "ri#r t# t! &i(ing #& t! BP 22 'as s -it! t! > tr#"#(itan %ria( C#urt <> %C=, t! R%C a((#- d t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r t# a"" ar and int rv n in t! "r#' dings, ISSUE 51N a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r 'an ) a((#- d t# int rv n and "arti'i"at in t! "r#' dings #& t! a)#v $ ntit( d sta&a 'as s &#r t! "ur"#s #& "r#s 'uting t! atta'! d 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! issuan' #& t! '! '.s inv#(v d -!i'! is a(s# su)/ 't mat r #& t! " nding B,P, 22 'as s HELD 67S, S tt( d is t! ru( t!at t! sing( a't #& issuing a )#un'ing '! '. ma* giv ris t# t-# distin't 'rimina( #&& ns sC sta&a and vi#(ati#n #& Batas Pam)ansa Bi(ang 22 <BP 22=, %! Ru( s #& C#urt a((#- t! #&& nd d "art* t# int rv n via a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in a'! #& t! s t-# " na( "r#' dings, 4#- v r, t! r '#v r* #& t! sing( 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! sing( a't #& issuing a )#un'ing '! '. in it! r 'rimina( 'as )ars t! r '#v r* #& t! sam 'ivi( (ia)i(it* in t! #t! r 'rimina( a'ti#n, 5!i( t! (a- a((#-s t-# simu(tan #us 'ivi( r m di s &#r t! #&& nd d "art*, it aut!#ri8 s r '#v r* in #n(* #n , In s!#rt, -!i( t-# 'rim s aris &r#m a sing( s t #& &a'ts, #n(* #n 'ivi( (ia)i(it* atta'! s t# it, Reasoning $ P titi#n r t! #ri8 s t!at t! 'ivi( a'ti#n n ' ssari(* arising &r#m t! 'rimina( 'as " nding ) &#r t! >%C &#r vi#(ati#n #& BP 22 "r '(ud s t! instituti#n #& t! '#rr s"#nding 'ivi( a'ti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as &#r sta&a n#- " nding ) &#r t! R%C, S! !ing s ! r t! #r* #n t! &#((#-ing "r#visi#ns #& Ru( s 110 and 111 #& Ru( s #& C#urt, $ Bas d #n t! &#r g#ing ru( s, an #&& nd d "art* ma* int rv n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a 'rim , :' "t in t! &#((#-ing instan' sC <1= -! n, &r#m t! natur #& t! 'rim and t! (a- d &ining and "unis!ing it, n# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* aris s in &av#r #& a "rivat #&& nd d "art*; and <2= -! n, &r#m t! natur #& t! #&& ns , t! #&& nd d "arti s ar ntit( d t# 'ivi( ind mnit*, )ut <a= t! * -aiv t! rig!t t# institut a 'ivi( a'ti#n, <)= :"r ss(* r s rv t! rig!t t# d# s# #r <'= t! suit !as a(r ad* ) n institut d, In an* #& t! s instan' s, t! "rivat '#m"(ainant0s int r st in t! 'as disa"" ars and 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n ) '#m s t! s#( &un'ti#n #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, N#n #& t! s :' "ti#ns a""(* t# t! instant 'as , 4 n' , t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r 'ann#t ) )arr d &r#m int rv ning in t! sta&a suit, %ru , a'! #& t! #v rt a'ts in t! s instan' s ma* giv ris t# t-# 'rimina( (ia)i(iti s $$ #n &#r sta&a and an#t! r &#r vi#(ati#n #& BP 22, But v r* su'! a't #& issuing a )#un'ing '! '. inv#(v s #n(* #n 'ivi( (ia)i(it* &#r t! #&& nd d "art*, -!# !as sustain d #n(* a sing( in/ur*,

RODRIGUEZ v PONFERRADA 465 SCRA 338 PANGANIBAN; July 29, 2 !

NATURE P titi#n &#r C rti#rari s .ing t# r v rs t! +u(* 29, 2002 1rd r #& t! R%C #& Ou 8#n Cit*C A"HEREFORE, t! a"" aran' #& a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r s!a(( ) a((#- d u"#n "a*m nt #& t! ( ga( & s &#r t! s sta&a 'as s " nding ) &#r t!is C#urt,B FACTS $ 4#n#ra)( Assistant Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r R#ssana S, >#ra( s$>#nt#/# #& Ou 8#n Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r0s 1&&i' issu d ! r R s#(uti#nC At! r ) ing PR1BAB?7 CAKS7 t# '!arg r s"#nd nt &#r 7S%AFA und r Arti'( 315 "aragra"! 2<d= as am nd d )* P; 818 and &#r @i#(ati#n #& Batas Pam)ansa B(g, 22, it is r s" 't&u((* r '#mm nd d t!at t! atta'! d In&#rmati#n ) a""r#v d and &i( d in C#urt,0 $ As a '#ns 3u n' t! r #&, s "arat in&#rmati#ns - r s "arat (* &i( d against ! r in D"E titi#n r ) &#r "r#" r D'E#urts, &#r 7sta&a and DvEi#(ati#n #& Batas Pam)ansa B(g, 22

Criminal Procedure
$ 'rimina( (ia)i(it* -i(( giv ris t# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #n(* i& t! sam & (#ni#us a't #r #missi#n r su(ts in damag #r in/ur* t# an#t! r and is t! dir 't and "r#:imat 'aus t! r #&, ;amag #r in/ur* t# an#t! r is vid nt(* t! &#undati#n #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, $ %!us, t! "#ssi)( sing( 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! a't issuing a )#un'ing '! '. 'an ) t! su)/ 't #& )#t! 'ivi( a'ti#ns d m d institut d -it! t! sta&a 'as and t! BP 22 vi#(ati#n "r#s 'uti#n, On 4lection o Remedies $ AIn its )r#ad s ns , ( 'ti#n #& r m di s r & rs t# t! '!#i' )* a "art* t# an a'ti#n #& #n #& t-# #r m#r '# :isting r m dia( rig!ts, -! r s v ra( su'! rig!ts aris #ut #& t! sam &a'ts, )ut t! t rm !as ) n g n ra((* (imit d t# a '!#i' )* a "art* ) t- n in'#nsist nt r m dia( rig!ts, t! ass rti#n #& #n ) ing n ' ssari(* r "ugnant t#, #r a r "udiati#n #&, t! #t! r,B In its m#r r stri't d and t '!ni'a( s ns , t! ( 'ti#n #& r m di s is t! ad#"ti#n #& #n #& t-# #r m#r '# :isting #n s, -it! t! && 't #& "r '(uding a r s#rt t# t! #t! rs, $ n# )inding ( 'ti#n #''urs ) &#r a d 'isi#n #n t! m rits is !ad #r a d trim nt t# t! #t! r "art* su" rv n s $ it -as n#t t! int nt #& t! s" 'ia( ru( t# "r '(ud t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t!at '#rr s"#nds t# t! sta&a 'as , s!#u(d t! (att r a(s# ) &i( d, %! 'rim s #& sta&a and vi#(ati#n #& BP 22 ar di&& r nt and distin't &r#m a'! #t! r, %! r is n# id ntit* #& #&& ns s inv#(v d, &#r -!i'! ( ga( / #"ard* in #n 'as ma* ) inv#. d in t! #t! r, %! #&& ns s '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#ns ar " r& 't(* distin't &r#m a'! #t! r in "#int #& (a-, !#- v r n ar(* t! * ma* ) '#nn 't d in "#int #& &a't $ In "r#mu(gating t! Ru( s, t!is C#urt did n#t int nd t# ( av t! #&& nd d "arti s -it!#ut an* r m d* t# "r#t 't t! ir int r sts in sta&a 'as s, Its "#- r t# "r#mu(gat t! Ru( s #& C#urt is (imit d in t! s ns t!at ru( s As!a(( n#t diminis!, in'r as #r m#di&* su)stantiv rig!ts,B Privat '#m"(ainant0s int rv nti#n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& sta&a is /usti&i d n#t #n(* &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n #& ! r int r sts, )ut a(s# &#r t! s" d* and in :" nsiv administrati#n #& /usti' as mandat d )* t! C#nstituti#n, DISPOSITION P titi#n is DISMISS4D and t! assai( d #rd r 566IRM4D

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$ %! a''us d &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n -it! "ra* r &#r a "r (iminar* -rit #& in/un'ti#n, In an #rd r <Aug 19 1299=, t! CA r strain d +udg >#gu( &r#m "r#' ding -it! t! arraignm nt #& t! a''us d unti( &urt! r #rd rs &r#m t! C#urt $ 1n >a* 15 1298, a d 'isi#n -as mad )* t! CA granting t! -rit and " r" tua((* r straining t! /udg &r#m n&#r'ing !is t!r at t# '#m" ( t! arraignm nt #& t! a''us d in t! 'as unti( t! ; "t #& +usti' s!a(( !av &ina((* r s#(v d t! " titi#n &#r r vi -, $ 1n >ar'! 22, 1298, %! Knd rs 'r tar* #& +usti' 4#n Cata(in# >a'araig +r, r s#(ving t! " titi#n &#r r vi -, r v rs d t! r s#(uti#n #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( and dir 't d t! &is'a( t# m#v &#r imm diat dismissa( #& t! in&#rmati#n &i( d against t! a''us d, %! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss &#r insu&&i'i n'* #& vid n' #n A"ri( 10, 1298, 1n N#v m) r 24 1298, %! +udg d ni d t! m#ti#n and s t t! arraignm nt $ %! a''us d &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n, and mandamus -it! " titi#n &#r t! issuan' #& "r (iminar* -rit #& "r#!i)iti#n andM#r t m"#rar* r straining #rd r in t! CA, 1n +anuar* 23 1292, a r straining #rd r -as issu d )* t! CA against t! t!r at n d a't #& arraignm nt #& t! a''us d, 4#- v r, in a d 'isi#n #& 1't#) r 25 1292, t! CA dismiss d t! " titi#n and (i&t d t! r straining #rd r #& +an 23,1292, %! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! a''us d -as d ni d in a r s#(uti#n, ISSUE 51N t! tria( '#urt a'ting #n a m#ti#n t# dismiss a 'rimina( 'as &i( d )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( u"#n instru'ti#ns #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' t# -!#m t! 'as -as ( vat d &#r r vi -, ma* r &us t# grant t! m#ti#n and insist #n t! arraignm nt and tria( #n t! m rits HELD 67S Ratio 1n' an in&#rmati#n is &i( d in '#urt, t! '#urt0s "ri#r " rmissi#n must ) s 'ur d i& &is'a( -ants t# r inv stigat t! 'as , 5!i( it is tru t!at t! &is'a( !as t! 3uasi /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n t# d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t a 'rimina( 'as s!#u(d ) &i( d in '#urt #r n#t, #n' t! 'as !ad a(r ad* ) n )r#ug!t t# C#urt, -!at v r dis"#siti#n t! &is'a( ma* & ( s!#u(d ) "r#" r in t! 'as t! r a&t r s!#u(d ) addr ss d &#r t! '#nsid rati#n #& t! C#urt, DISPOSITION P titi#n dismiss d

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #& Camarin s N#rt , t! n ! ad d )* Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( +#a3uin I(ustr , $ %! 'as -as assign d t# t!ird Assistant Fis'a( 7st )an P, Pan#t s &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -!#, a&t r '#ndu'ting said inv stigati#n, issu d a r s#(uti#n dat d August 26, 1294 r '#mm nding t!at an in&#rmati#n &#r Att m"t d %! &t ) &i( d against "rivat r s"#nd nts #n a &inding #& "rima &a'i 'as -!i'! r s#(uti#n -as a""r#v d )* Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( +#a3uin I(ustr , Privat r s"#nd nts s#ug!t r '#nsid rati#n #& t! r s#(uti#n )ut t! sam -as d ni d )* Fis'a( I(ustr in a r s#(uti#n dat d 1't#) r 14, 1294, $ 1n 1't#) r 22, 1294, Fis'a( I(ustr &i( d -it! t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Camarin s N#rt an In&#rmati#n dat d 1't#) r 19, 1289 d#'. t d as Crimina( Cas N#, 821, '!arging "rivat r s"#nd nts -it! t! 'rim #& Att m"t d %! &t, $ In a ( tt r dat d 1't#) r 22, 1294, t! "rivat r s"#nd nts r 3u st d t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' &#r a r vi - #& t! R s#(uti#ns #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( dat d August 26, 1294 and 1't#) r 14, 1294, $ 1n N#v m) r 6, 1294, t! C!i & Stat Pr#s 'ut#r #rd r d t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( t# ( vat ntir r '#rds PF1 Cas 599 against Garrid# t a(,%! ( tt r$r 3u st &#r r vi - -as #""#s d )* " titi#n r in a ( tt r t# t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' dat d N#v m) r 23, 1294 a(( ging, am#ng #t! r t!ings, t!at an in&#rmati#n &#r Att m"t d %! &t !ad a(r ad* ) n &i( d against "rivat r s"#nd nts &#r -!i'! r as#n t! r 3u st &#r r vi - !as ) '#m a m##t 3u sti#n as t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( !as (#st /urisdi'ti#n t# dismiss t! '!arg &#r att m"t d t! &t, $ 1n >ar'! 6, 1295, t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' , a&t r r vi -ing t! r '#rds, r v rs d t! &indings #& "rima &a'i 'as #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( and dir 't d said "r#s 'uting #&&i' r t# imm diat (* m#v &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as , P titi#n r s#ug!t r '#nsid rati#n #& t! dir 'tiv #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' )ut t! (att r d ni d t! sam in a ( tt r dat d +un 11, 1295, $ A m#ti#n t# dismiss dat d S "t m) r 16, 1295 -as t! n &i( d )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( )ut t! '#urt d ni d t! m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! r -as a "rima &a'i vid n' against "rivat r s"#nd nts and s t t! 'as &#r tria( #n F )ruar* 25, 1296, $ Privat r s"#nd nts s#ug!t r '#nsid rati#n #& t! '#urtQs ru(ing )ut in an 1rd r dat d F )ruar* 13, 1296, t! m#ti#n &i( d &#r said "ur"#s -as (i. -is d ni d, %ria( #& t! 'as -as r s t t# A"ri( 23, 1296, $ %! r a&t r, Fis'a( I(ustr -as a""#int d a /udg in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& A()a* and r s"#nd nt Fis'a( La)a(a ) 'am #&&i' r$in$'!arg #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a(Qs 1&&i' #& Camarin s N#rt , $ 1n A"ri( 12, 1296, r s"#nd nt Fis'a( &i( d a S '#nd >#ti#n t# ;ismiss t! 'as , %!is s '#nd m#ti#n t# dismiss -as d ni d )* t! tria( '#urt in an #rd r dat d A"ri( 23, 1296, 5! r u"#n, r s"#nd nt &is'a( mani& st d t!at ! -#u(d n#t "r#s 'ut t! 'as and disaut!#ri8 d an* "rivat "r#s 'ut#r t# a"" ar t! r in, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n &#r mandamus, $ In t!is a'ti#n, " titi#n r "ra*s &#r t! issuan' #& t! -rit #& mandamus R'#mmanding r s"#nd nt &is'a( #r an* #t! r " rs#n -!# ma* ) assign d #r a""#int d t# a't in !is "(a' #r st ad t# "r#s 'ut Crimina( Cas N#, 821 #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Camarin s N#rt R %! r is n# 3u sti#n t!at t! instituti#n #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n is addr ss d t# t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! inv stigating &is'a(, 4 ma* #r ! ma* n#t &i( t! in&#rmati#n a''#rding t# -! t! r t! vid n' is in !is #"ini#n su&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! t! gui(t #& t! a''us d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, <G#n8a( s vs, C#urt #& First Instan' , 63 P!i(, 846= and -! n ! d 'id s n#t t# &i(

CRESPO v MOGUL 151 SCRA 462 GANCA6C1; +un 30, 1289

NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - t! d 'isi#n #& t! Cir'uit Crimina( C#urt #& ?u' na Cit* <" titi#n r "ra*s t!at r s"#nd nt /udg ) " r" tua((* n/#in d &r#m n&#r'ing !is t!r at t# "r#' d -it! t! arraignm nt and trai( #& " titi#n r, #rd ring r s"#nd nt +udg t# dismiss t! said 'as , and d '(aring t! #)(igati#n #& " titi#n r as "ur (* 'ivi(,= FACTS $ Assistant Fis'a( Pr#' s# d Ga(a &i( d an in&#rmati#n &#r sta&a against >ari# Cr s"# in Cir'uit Crimina( C#urt #& ?u' na Cit*, 5! n t! 'as -as s t &#r arraignm nt, t! a''us d &i( d a m#ti#n t# d & r arraignm nt #n t! gr#und t!at t! r -as a " nding " titi#n &#r r vi - &i( d -it! t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' #& t! r s#(uti#n #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &#r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n, %! "r siding /udg <( #d gari# >#gu(= d ni d t! m#ti#n t!r#ug! !is #rd r,

STA# ROSA MINING v ZABALA 153 SCRA 369 BI;IN; August 31, 1289
NATURE >andamus t# '#m" ( r s"#nd nt Fis'a( t# "r#s 'ut Crimina( Cas N#, 821 #& t! t! n C#urt #& First Instan' #& Camarin s N#rt unti( t! sam is t rminat d, FACTS $ 1n >ar'! 21, 1294, " titi#n r &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r att m"t d t! &t #& mat ria(s <s'ra" ir#n= &#rming "art #& t! insta((ati#ns #n its mining "r#" rt* at +#s Pangani)an, Camarin s N#rt against "rivat r s"#nd nts R#m # Garrid# and Gi( A(a"an -it! t! 1&&i' #& t!

Criminal Procedure
t! in&#rmati#n, in t! : r'is #& !is dis'r ti#n, ! ma* n#t ) '#m" (( d t# d# s# <P #"( vs, Pin da, 20 SCRA 948=, 4#- v r, a&t r t! 'as !ad a(r ad* ) n &i( d in '#urt, R&is'a(s ar n#t '(#t! d -it! "#- r, -it!#ut t! '#ns nt #& t! '#urt, t# dismiss #r n#(( "r#s 3ui 'rimina( a'ti#ns a'tua((* institut d and " nding &urt! r "r#' dings, %! "#- r t# dismiss 'rimina( a'ti#ns is v st d s#( (* in t! '#urtR <K,S, vs, Barr d#, 32 P!i(, 444, 450; G#n8a( s vs, C#urt #& First Instan' , su"ra=, ISSUE 51N t! &is'a( 'an ) '#m" (( d t# "r#s 'ut t! 'as a&t r !is m#ti#n t# dismiss !as ) n d ni d HELD 67S $ %!is '#urt is #& t! vi - t!at t! -rit "ra* d &#r s!#u(d issu , N#t-it!standing !is " rs#na( '#nvi'ti#ns #r #"ini#ns, t! &is'a( must "r#' d -it! !is dut* #& "r s nting vid n' t# t! '#urt t# na)( t! '#urt t# arriv at its #-n ind " nd nt /udgm nt as t# t! 'u("a)i(it* #& t! a''us d, %! &is'a( s!#u(d n#t s!ir. &r#m !is r s"#nsi)i(it* mu'! ( ss ( av t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! 'as at t! !ands #& a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, At a(( tim s, t! 'rimina( a'ti#n s!a(( ) "r#s 'ut d und r !is dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( <S ', 4, Ru( 110, Ru( s #& C#urt=, 1t! r-is , t! ntir "r#' dings -i(( ) nu(( and v#id <P #"( vs, B ria( s, 90 SCRA 361=, $ RIn t! tria( #& 'rimina( 'as s, it is t! dut* #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r t# a"" ar &#r t! g#v rnm nt sin' an #&& ns is an #utrag t# t! s#v r ignt* #& t! Stat ,R <>#ran, C#mm nts #n t! Ru( s #& C#urt, @#(, I@, 1280 7d,, ", 10=, %!is is s# ) 'aus Rt! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r is t! r "r s ntativ n#t #& an #rdinar* "art* t# a '#ntr#v rs* )ut #& a s#v r ignt* -! r #)(igati#n t# g#v rn im"artia((* is as '#m" ((ing as its #)(igati#n t# g#v rn at a((; and -!#s int r st, t! r &#r , in 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n is n#t t!at it s!a(( -in a 'as , )ut t!at /usti' s!a(( ) d#n , As su'!, ! is in a " 'u(iar and v r* d &init s ns t! s rvant #& t! (a-, t! t-#$&#(d aim #& -!i'! is t!at gui(t s!a(( n#t s'a" #r inn#' n' su&& rR <Suar 8 vs, P(at#n, 62 P!i(, 556=, $ A''#rding(*, i& t! &is'a( is n#t at a(( '#nvin' d t!at a "rima &a'i 'as :ists, ! sim"(* 'ann#t m#v &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as and, -! n d ni d, r &us t# "r#s 'ut t! sam , 4 is #)(ig d )* (a- t# "r#' d and "r#s 'ut t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, 4 'ann#t im"#s !is #"ini#n #n t! tria( '#urt, At ( ast -!at ! 'an d# is t# '#ntinu a"" aring &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! n turn #v r t! "r s ntati#n #& vid n' t# an#t! r &is'a( #r a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r su)/ 't t# !is dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( <K,S, vs, ; s"a)i(ad ras, 32 P!i(, 442; K,S, vs, Ga(( g#s, 39 P!i(, 282=, 5! r t! r is n# #t! r "r#s 'ut#r avai(a)( , ! s!#u(d "r#' d t# dis'!arg !is dut* and "r s nt t! vid n' t# t! ) st #& !is a)i(it* and ( t t! '#urt d 'id t! m rits #& t! 'as #n t! )asis #& t! vid n' addu' d )* )#t! "arti s, $ %! m r &a't t!at t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' !ad, a&t r r vi -ing t! r '#rds #& t! 'as , dir 't d t! "r#s 'uting &is'a( t# m#v &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as and t! m#ti#n t# dismiss &i( d "ursuant t# said dir 'tiv is d ni d )* t! tria( '#urt, is n# /usti&i'ati#n &#r t! r &usa( #& t! &is'a( t# "r#s 'ut t! 'as , It is t! '#urt -! r t! 'as is &i( d and n#t t! &is'a( t!at !as &u(( '#ntr#( #& it, $ In #rd r t! r &#r t# av#id su'! a situati#n -! r )* t! #"ini#n #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' -!# r vi - d t! a'ti#n #& t! &is'a( ma* ) disr gard d )* t! tria( '#urt, t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' s!#u(d, as &ar as

a2010 page 5
"ra'ti'a)( , r &rain &r#m nt rtaining a " titi#n &#r r vi - #r a"" a( &r#m t! a'ti#n #& t! &is'a(, -! n t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n !as a(r ad* ) n &i( d in C#urt, %! matt r s!#u(d ) ( &t ntir (* &#r t! d t rminati#n #& t! C#urt,R DISPOSITION " titi#n is ! r )* Grant d Pu)(i' r s"#nd nt #r an* #t! r " rs#n -!# ma* ) assign d #r a""#int d t# a't in !is "(a' #r st ad, is ! r )* #rd r d t# '#ntinu "r#s 'uting Crimina( Cas N#, 821 unti( t! sam is t rminat d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

!#- v r, -as d ni d -it! &ina(it* )* t! (att r,Pursuant t# t! said r s#(uti#n, t! "r#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n in t! R%C "ra*ing &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as against ! r in " titi#n r and t! admissi#n #& an am nd d in&#rmati#n :'(uding " titi#n r as #n #& t! a''us d -!i'! m#ti#n -as grant d )* t! R%C, Privat r s"#nd nt assai( d t! dismissa( #& t! 'as against t! " titi#n r in a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n &i( d in t! R%C -!i'! m#ti#n -as d ni d )* t! R%C a&t r &inding t!at t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, as "rivat '#m"(ainant, !ad n# ( ga( " rs#na(it* t# 3u sti#n t! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( '!arg s against t! " titi#n r, ISSUES 1, 51N +udg >asada#, "r siding /udg #& R%C Bran'! 2, >a(#(#s, Bu(a'an, '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in granting t! "r#s 'ut#rQs m#ti#n t# dismiss t! 'rimina( 'as against " titi#n r -it!#ut an ind " nd nt ass ssm nt #& t! su&&i'i n'* #r insu&&i'i n'* #& t! vid n' against t! (att r 2, 51N t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, as "rivat '#m"(ainant, in a 'rimina( 'as !as t! ( ga( " rs#na(it* t# 3u sti#n t! dismissa( )* t! tria( /udg #& t! 'rimina( '!arg s against ! r in " titi#n r u"#n t! m#ti#n &i( d )* t! "r#s 'ut#r HELD 1, 67S, +udg >asada# a't d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in granting t! "r#s 'ut#rQs m#ti#n t# dismiss t! 'rimina( '!arg s against t! " titi#n r #n t! )asis s#( (* #& t! r '#mm ndati#n #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' , Reasoning % As a"t(* #)s rv d )* t! 1&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, in &ai(ing t# ma. an ind " nd nt &inding #& t! m rits #& t! 'as and m r (* an'!#ring t! dismissa( #n t! r vis d "#siti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, t! tria( /udg r (in3uis! d t! dis'r ti#n ! -as dut* )#und t# : r'is , In && 't, it -as t! "r#s 'uti#n, t!r#ug! t! ; "artm nt #& +usti' -!i'! d 'id d -!at t# d# and n#t t! '#urt -!i'! -as r du' d t# a m r ru)) r stam" in vi#(ati#n #& t! ru(ing in Cr s"# v, >#gu(,, 2, 67S Ratio 5!i( it is #n(* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( t!at ma* )ring #r d & nd a'ti#ns #n ) !a(& #& t! R "u)(i' #& t! P!i(i""in s, #r r "r s nt t! P #"( #r Stat in 'rimina( "r#' dings " nding in t! Su"r m C#urt and t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, t! "rivat #&& nd d "art* r tains t! rig!t t# )ring a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari in !is #-n nam in 'rimina( "r#' dings ) &#r t! '#urts #& (a-, Reasoning % In t! 'as #& ; (a R#sa v, C#urt #& A"" a(s,- ! (d t!atC RIn a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari &i( d und r S 'ti#n 1, Ru( 65 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt -! r in it is a(( g d t!at t! tria( '#urt '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n am#unting t# (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #r #n #t! r /urisdi'ti#na( gr#unds, t! ru( s stat t!at t! " titi#n ma* ) &i( d )* t! " rs#n aggri v d, In su'! 'as , t! aggri v d "arti s ar t! Stat and t! "rivat #&& nd d "art* #r '#m"(ainant, %! '#m"(ainant !as an int r st in t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as s# ! ma* &i( su'! s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n 3u sti#ning t! d 'isi#n #r a'ti#n #& t! r s"#nd nt '#urt #n /urisdi'ti#na( gr#unds, In s# d#ing, t! '#m"(ainant s!#u(d n#t )ring t! a'ti#n in t! nam #& t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, %! a'ti#n ma* ) "r#s 'ut d in <t! = nam #& t! said '#m"(ainant,R

PEREZ v HAGONOY 329 SCRA 588 ;7 ?71N; >ar'! 2, 2000

NATUREC R vi - #n C rti#rari FACTS $ Privat r s"#nd nt 4ag#n#* Rura( Ban., In', #-ns t! 4ag#n#* >#n * S!#" -!i'! m"(#* d " titi#n r Cristina 1, P r 8 as 1&&i' r$In$C!arg , Cas!i r and % (( r, A() rt# S, Fa)ian as B##.. " r, and Cristina > dina and >i(agr#s >artin as S#(i'it#rsMFi (d >anag rs, $ F#r t! " ri#d starting August 3, 1222 u" t# ; ' m) r 5, 1223, t! ?a*a, >ana)at, Sa(gad# and C#m"an*, an ind " nd nt manag m nt, '#nsu(tan'* and a''#unting &irm, '#ndu't d an audit #& t! &inan'ia( a&&airs #& t! 4ag#n#* >#n * S!#" and &#und an#ma(i s in m#r #r ( ss t- nt*$ ig!t <28= savings a''#unts '#nsisting #& -it!dra-a(s -!i'! - r r '#rd d in t! su)sidiar* ( dg rs #& t! m#n * s!#" )ut n#t in t! "ass)##.s -!i'! - r in t! "#ss ssi#n #& t! d "#sit#rs, %! audit a(s# r v a( d t!at t# '#v r$u" t! an#ma(#us -it!dra-a(s, &a. d "#sits - r r '#rd d in t! m#n * s!#"Qs su)sidiar* ( dg rs -! n v r t! r maining )a(an' in a "arti'u(ar savings a''#unt - nt ) (#- t! am#unt #& ( gitimat -it!dra-a(s mad )* a d "#sit#r,%!is "r#m"t d t! "rivat r s"#nd nt t# &i( an a&&idavit$'#m"(aint &#r sta&a against t! a&#r m nti#n d m"(#* s #& t! m#n * s!#" and t-# #utsid rs, Susan +#rdan and Brigida >anga!as, A'ting Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r, + sus 6, >anarang <! r ina&t r R"r#s 'ut#rR=, issu d a r s#(uti#n &inding "rima &a'i vid n' t!at t! " titi#n r and ! r '#$ m"(#* s !ad '#mmitt d t! 'rim #& sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts, and r '#mm nding t! &i(ing #& t! '#rr s"#nding in&#rmati#n against t! m -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <R%C= #& >a(#(#s, Bu(a'an, %! '!arg s against Susan +#rdan and Brigida >anga!as - r , !#- v r, dismiss d, $ P r 8 &i( d a " titi#n &#r r vi - -it! t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' "ra*ing &#r t! dismissa( #& t! '!arg s against ! r, 1n t! #t! r !and, "rivat r s"#nd nt m#v d &#r a r '#nsid rati#n #& t! "#rti#n #& t! sam r s#(uti#n dismissing t! '#m"(aint against Susan +#rdan, $ %! "r#s 'ut#r grant d "rivat r s"#nd ntQs m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n,8 4 n' , #n A"ri( 29, 1224, an in&#rmati#n &#r sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts -as &i( d against ! r in " titi#n r, A() rt# Fa)ian, >i(agr#s >artin, Cristina > dina and Susan +#rdan, $ 1n S "t m) r 23, 1224, t! n S 'r tar* #& +usti' , Fran.(in >, ;ri(#n, issu d R s#(uti#n N#, 626, s ri s #& 1224 #rd ring t! "r#s 'ut#r t# 'aus t! dismissa( #& t! in&#rmati#n against ! r in " titi#n r #n t! gr#und #& insu&&i'i nt vid n' , %! "rivat r s"#nd nt &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! #rd r #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' , -!i'! m#ti#n,

Criminal Procedure
$ Furt! rm#r , #ur ru(ing in t! 'as #& ; v, C#urt #& A"" a(s a((#-ing t! "rivat #&& nd d "art* t# &i( a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari t# assai( t! #rd r #& t! tria( /udg granting t! m#ti#n t# dismiss u"#n t! dir 'tiv #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' is a"r#"#s, It &#((#-s, t! r &#r , t!at i& t! "rivat r s"#nd nt in t!is 'as ma* &i( a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari, t! n -it! m#r r as#n d# s it !av ( ga( " rs#na(it* t# m#v &#r a r '#nsid rati#n #& t! #rd r #& t! tria( '#urt dismissing t! 'rimina( '!arg s against t! " titi#n r, In &a't, as a g n ra( ru( , a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n -i(( n#t (i un( ss a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n is &irst &i( d ) &#r t! r s"#nd nt tri)una(, t# a((#- it an #""#rtunit* t# '#rr 't its assign d rr#rs,

a2010 page 6
dismiss d ) 'aus t! '#m"(aint did n#t s" 'i&* t! sam , and #n(* m nti#n d t! (ast instan' #& ra" , d s"it t! in'(usi#n #& t! #t! r 4 in t! s-#rn stat m nt #& t! gir(, %! "r#s 'uti#n did n#t 3u sti#n an*m#r t! dismissa( #& t! #t! r 4 '#unts, s# t! '#urt did n#t dis'uss it &urt! r, DISPOSITION /udgm nt a&&irm d -it! m#di&i'ati#n, S nt n' '!ang d t# reclusion perpatua <"ursuant t# RA 2346, a)#(is!ing t! d at! " na(t*= and !ig! r damag s,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

2, 51N r s"#nd nt +udg s!#u(d ) dis3ua(i&i d &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding -it! t! 'rimina( 'as s HELD 1, N1 Ratio Privat "r#s 'ut#rs 'ann#t int rv n ind " nd nt(* #& and ta. a "#siti#n in'#nsist nt -it! t!at #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, Reasoning $ Parti'i"ati#n #& t! "rivat "r#s 'uti#n in t! instant 'as -as d (imit d )* t!is C#urt in its R s#(uti#n #& 1't#) r 1, 1295, t!usC Rt# '#((a)#rat -it! t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( in t! "r "arati#n #& t! Ans- r and "( adings t!at ma* ) r 3uir d )* t!is C#urt,R %# '#((a)#rat m ans t# '##" rat -it! and t# assist t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, It -as n v r int nd d t!at t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs '#u(d ad#"t a stand ind " nd nt #& #r in '#ntrav nti#n #& t! "#siti#n ta. n )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, $ Sin' a 'rimina( #&& ns is an #utrag t# t! s#v r ignt* #& t! Stat , it is )ut natura( t!at t! r "r s ntativ s #& t! Stat s!#u(d dir 't and '#ntr#( t! "r#s 'uti#n, U !uare" v Platon t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r RQis t! r "r s ntativ n#t #&, an #rdinar* "art* t# a '#ntr#v rs*, )ut #& a s#v r ignt* -!#s #)(igati#n t# g#v rn im"artia((* is as '#m" ((ing as its #)(igati#n t# g#v rn at a((; and -!#s int r st, t! r &#r , in a 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n is n#t t!at it s!a(( -in a 'as , )ut t!at /usti' s!a(( ! d#n , As su'!, ! is in a " 'u(iar and v r* d &init s ns t! s rvant #& t! (a-, t! t-#&#(d aim #& -!i'! is t!at gui(t s!a(( n#t s'a" #r inn#' n' su&& r, 4 ma* "r#s 'ut -it! arn stn ss and vig#r$ind d, ! s!#u(d d# s#, But, -!i( ! ma* stri. !ard )(#-s, ! is n#t at (i) rt* t# stri. &#u( #n s, It is as mu'! !is dut* t# r &rain &r#m im"r#" r m t!#ds 'a('u(at d t# "r#du' a -r#ng&u( '#nvi'ti#n as it is t# us v r* ( gitimat m ans t# )ring a)#ut a /ust #n ,R U People v #s$uivel t!at t! r is an a)s#(ut n ' ssit* &#r "r#s 'uting att#rn *s t# (a* R) &#r t! '#urt t! " rtin nt &a'ts at t! ir dis"#sa( -it! m t!#di'a( and m ti'u(#us att nti#n, '(ari&*ing '#ntradi'ti#ns and &i((ing u" ga"s and (##"!#( s in t! ir vid n' , t# t! nd t!at t! '#urtQs mind ma* n#t ) t#rtur d )* d#u)ts, t!at t! inn#' nt ma* n#t su&& r and t! gui(t* n#t s'a" un"unis! d, 1)vi#us t# a((, t!is is t! "r#s 'uti#nQs "rim dut* t# t! '#urt, t# t! a''us d, and t# t! stat ,R $ It is &#r t! "ur"#s #& r a(i8ing t! a&#r m nti#n d #)/ 'tiv s t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n #& #&& ns s is "(a' d und r t! dir 'ti#n, '#ntr#(, and r s"#nsi)i(it* #& t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r, $ R$l% $& '(% )*+v,'% )*$-%.u'$*- is t# r "r s nt t! #&& nd d "art* -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns , %!is 'ivi( a'ti#n is d m d institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, un( ss t! #&& nd d "art* it! r :"r ss(* -aiv s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n #r r s rv s t# institut it s "arat (*, %!us, Ran #&& nd d "art* ma* int rv n in t! "r#' dings, " rs#na((* #r )* att#rn *, s" 'ia((* in 'as #& #&& ns s -!i'! 'an n#t ) "r#s 'ut d :' "t at t! instan' #& t! #&& nd d "art* %! #n(* :' "ti#n t# t!is is -! n t! #&& nd d "art* -aiv s !is rig!t t# 'ivi( a'ti#n #r :"r ss(* r s rv s !is rig!t t# institut it a&t r t! t rminati#n #& t! 'as , in -!i'! 'as ! (#st !is rig!t t# int rv n u"#n t! t! #r* t!at ! is d m d t# !av (#st !is int r st in its "r#s 'uti#n, in an* v nt, -! t! r an #&& nd d "art* int rv n s in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n, !is int rv nti#n must a(-a*s ) su)/ 't t# t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! "r#s 'uting #&&i'ia(,R

PEOPLE v BUBAN GR N#, 166825 @7?ASC1, +R; +anuar* 24, 2009

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - d 'isi#n #& CA FACTS $ R#m # Bu)an is a''us d #& ra"ing !is t! n 12 * ar #(d daug!t r 5 tim s, #n s "arat #''asi#ns, %! m di'a( :aminati#n #& t! gir( r v a(s t!at s! -as ind d ra" d, $ A(t!#ug! t! gir(0s s-#rn stat m nt m nti#n d &iv #''asi#ns #& ra" , t! C#m"(aint m nti#n d #n(* t! 5t! in'id nt, %! '!arg s #& ra" '#mmitt d #n #t! r #''asi#ns - r n#t su""#rt d -it! t! r 3uir d '#m"(aints in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#n 5, Ru( 110 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , $ R%C &#und t! a''us d gui(t* <s nt n' C d at! " na(t* "(us m#ra( damag s, 'ivi( ind mnit*, : m"(ar* damag s= )ut #n(* -it! r gard t! 5 t! in'id nt #n(*, %! #t! r 4 '!arg s - r dismiss d &#r (a'. #& ( ga( )asis t# '#nvi't, %! dis"#sitiv "#rti#n #& t! R%C0s d 'isi#n -as n#t s" 'i&i' as t# -!i'! '!arg it &#und t! a''us d gui(t*, )ut t! )#d* #& t! d 'isi#n im"(i s t! dismissa( #& t! #t! r 4 '!arg s, t!us it 'an ) d du' d t!at t! '#nvi'ti#n " rtains t# t! 5t! in'id nt #n(*, CA a&&irm d, ISSUES 1, 51N CA rr d in &inding t! a''us d gui(t* d s"it t! a(( g d insu&&i'i n'* #& vid n' 2, 51N t! a''us d ma* ) '#nvi't d &#r t! #t! r '#unts #& ra" , -! r t! '#m"(aint m nti#ns #n(* #n instan' #& ra" HELD 1, N1 Ratio t! r is n# rr#r in t! a""r 'iati#n #& vid n' )* t! '#urt, Reasoning $ t! argum nt #& t! a''us d t!at t! t stim#n* #& t! gir( is n#t r (ia)( &#r in'#nsist n'i s is unt na)( , People v. Antonio ;is'r "an'i s and in'#nsist n'i s in t! t stim#n* #& a -itn ss r & rring t# min#r d tai(s, and n#t in a'tua(it* t#u'!ing u"#n t! ' ntra( &a't #& t! 'rim , d# n#t im"air ! r 'r di)i(it*, I& at a((, t! * s rv as "r##& t!at t! -itn ss is n#t '#a'! d #r r ! ars d, 2, As 'an ) g( am d &r#m t! 'as , t! '#m"(aint s!#u(d '#ntain a(( instan' s #& t! 'rim '!arg d, %! #t! r 4 '#unts #& ra" - r

TAN, JR v GALLARDO 93 SCRA 308 AN%1NI1; 1't#) r 5, 1296

NATURE 1rigina( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $ S#(i'it#r G n ra( 7sti(it# P, > nd#8a, Assistant S#(i'it#r G n ra( A(i'ia Sim"i#$;i* and S#(i'it#r 7duard# ?, Si(a*.# &#r r s"#nd nts, 7stanis(## A, F rnand 8 and ;a.i(a F, Castr# T Ass#'iat as "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs, $ " titi#n rs s . t! annu(m nt #& r s"#nd nt +udg Qs 1rd rs in t! Crimina( Cas P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s v +#rg %an, +r, C sar %an, % #&anis B#nd#', 1smund# %#( ntin#, >arian# Bartid# and ?i)rad# S#d &#r &rustrat d murd r and ;#u)( >urd r #& t! s#n and un'( #& >a*#r Inig# ?ara88a)a(, $ +udg P dr# Ga((ard# mad t! t-# (i& s nt n' s t# d at! " na(t* a(( g d(* a&t r m ting -it! >a*#r ?ara88a)a( and r ' i"t #& #t! r "ara"! rna(ia su'! as -!is.* and -in a''#rding t# t! '#urt st n#gra"! r, $ +an 14, 1296 $ S#(G n, #n ) !a(& #& t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, su)mitt d !is C#mm nt t# t! " titi#n, %! * ar R" rsuad d t!at t! r ar )as s &#r stating t!at t! r nditi#n #& r s"#nd nt +udg Qs d 'isi#n and !is r s#(uti#n #n t! m#ti#n &#r n - tria( - r n#t &r &r#m sus"i'i#n #& )ias and "r /udi' G t! r &#r , t! * int r"#s n# #)/ 'ti#n t# t! r mand #& t! a&#r m nti#n d 'rimina( 'as s R&#r t! r nditi#n #& a n - d 'isi#n )* an#t! r tria( /udg ,R $ +an 30, 1296 $ "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs su)mitt d t! ir C#mm nt in /usti&i'ati#n #& t! '!a(( ng d 1rd rs #& t! r s"#nd nt +udg and #)/ 't d t# t! r mand #& t!is 'as , $ F ) 12, 1296, t! " titi#n rs m#v d t# stri. #ut t! R>#ti#n t# Admit Atta'. d C#mm ntR and t! RC#mm ntR #& t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r #n t! gr#und t!at t! (att r !as Ra)s#(ut (* n# standing in t! instant "r#' dings ) &#r t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt and, ! n' , -it!#ut an* " rs#na(it* t# !av an* "a" r #& !is nt rtain d )* t!is %ri)una(B $ "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs n#- '#nt nd t!at t! * ar ntit( d t# a"" ar ) &#r t!is C#urt, t# ta. "art in t! "r#' dings, and t# ada"t a "#siti#n in '#ntrav nti#n t# t!at #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, ISSUES 1, 51N "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs !av t! rig!t t# int rv n ind " nd nt(* #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( and t# ad#"t a stand in'#nsist nt -it! t!at #& t! (att r

Criminal Procedure
U %errero v Dia" Rint rv nti#n #& t! #&& nd d "art* #r !is att#rn * is aut!#ri8 d )* s 'ti#n 15 #& Ru( 106 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, su)/ 't t# t! "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#n 4 #& t! sam Ru( t!at a(( 'rimina( a'ti#ns it! r '#mm n' d )* '#m"(aint #r )* in&#rmati#n s!a(( ) "r#s 'ut d und r t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! Fis'a(,R $ t! "#siti#n #''u"i d )* t! #&& nd d "art* is su)#rdinat t# t!at #& t! )*$/$'$* &+-.,l ) 'aus , as t! "r#m#t#r &is'a( a(#n is aut!#ri8 d t# r "r s nt t! "u)(i' "r#s 'uti#n, #r t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in Is(ands, in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& #&& nd rs, and t# '#ntr#( t! "r#' ding, and as it is dis'r ti#nar* -it! !im t# institut and "r#s 'ut a 'rimina( "r#' ding, ) ing at (i) rt* t# '#mm n' it #r n#t #r t# r &rain &r#m "r#s 'uting it #r n#t, d " nding u"#n -! t! r #r n#t t! r is, in !is #"ini#n, su&&i'i nt vid n' t# sta)(is! t! gui(t #& t! a''us d ) *#nd a r as#na)( d#u)t, :' "t -! n t! 'as is " nding in t! C#urt #& First Instan' , t! '#ntinuati#n #& t! #&& nd d "art*Qs int rv nti#n d " nds u"#n t! '#ntinuati#n #& t! "r#' ding, C#ns 3u nt(*, i& t! "r#m#t#r &is'a( d sists &r#m "r ssing t! '!arg #r as.s t! '#m" t nt C#urt #& First Instan' in -!i'! t! 'as is " nding &#r t! dismissa( t! r #&, and said '#urt grants t! " titi#n, t! int rv nti#n #& t! " rs#n in/ur d )* t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns ' as s )* virtu #& t! "rin'i"( t!at t! a'' ss#r* &#((#-s t! "rin'i"a(, C#ns 3u nt(*, as t! #&& nd d "art* is n#t ntit( d t# r "r s nt t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in Is(ands in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a "u)(i' #&& ns , #r t# '#ntr#( t! "r#' ding #n' it is '#mm n' d, and as !is rig!t t# int rv n t! r in is su)/ 't t# t! "r#m#t#r &is'a(Qs rig!t #& '#ntr#(, it 'ann#t ) stat d t!at an #rd r #& dismissa( d 'r d u"#n " titi#n #& t! "r#m#t r &is'a( !ims (& d "riv s t! #&& nd d "art* #& !is rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m an #rd r #v rrru(ing a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, -!i'! rig!t ) (#ngs :'(usiv (* t# t! "r#m#t#r &is'a( )* virtu #& t! "r#visi#ns #& -%.'+$0 11 $& G%0%*,l O*2%*-, N$# !3, %# " rmit a " rs#n in/ur d )* t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns t# a"" a( &r#m an #rd r dismissing a 'rimina( 'as issu d )* a C#urt #& First Instan' u"#n " titi#n #& t! "r#m#t r &is'a(, -#u(d ) tantam#unt t# giving said #&& nd d "art* #& t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& a 'rimina( "r#' ding in vi#(ati#n #& t! "r#visi#ns #& t! a)#v $'it d s 'ti#n 109 #& G n ra( 1rd rs, N#, 58, $ &r#m t! natur #& t! #&& ns , #r -! r t! (a- d &ining and "unis!ing t! #&& ns '!arg d d# s n#t "r#vid &#r an ind mnit*, t! #&& nd d "art* ma* n#t int rv n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! #&& ns , $ S#(i'it#r G n ra( r "r s nts t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s #r t! Stat in 'rimina( "r#' dings " nding it! r in t! C#urt #& A"" a(s #r in t!is C#urt, S%.'+$0 4 $& P*%-+2%0'+,l D%.*%% N$# 153 , R; &ining t! P#- rs and Fun'ti#ns #& t! 1&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(R, "r#vid sC S7C%I1N 1, Fun'ti#n and 1rgani8ati#n, <1= %! 1&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( s!a(( r "r s nt t! G#v rnm nt #& t! P!i(i""in s, its ag n'i s and instrum nta(iti s and its #&&i'ia(s and ag nts in an* (itigati#n, "r#' ding, inv stigati#n #r matt r r 3uiring t! s rvi' s #& a (a-* r, V V V %! #&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( s!a(( '#nstitut t! (a#&&i' #& t! G#v rnm nt, and as su'!, s!a(( dis'!arg duti s r 3uiring t! s rvi' s #& a (a-* r, It s!a(( !av t! &#((#-ing s" 'i&i' "#- rs and &un'ti#nsC <a= R "r s nt t! G#v rnm nt in t! Su"r m C#urt and t! C#urt #& A"" a(s in a(( 'rimina( "r#' dings; r "r s nt t! G#v rnm nt and its #&&i' rs in t! Su"r m C#urt, t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, and a(( #t! r '#urts #r tri)una(s in a(( 'ivi( a'ti#ns and s" 'ia( "r#' dings in -!i'!

a2010 page
t! G#v rnm nt #r an* #&&i' r t! r #& in !is #&&i'ia( 'a"a'it* is t! "art*, <.= A't and r "r s nt t! R "u)(i' andM#r t! " #"( ) &#r an* '#urt, tri)una(, )#d* #r '#mmissi#n in an* matt r, a'ti#n #r "r#' ding -!i'!, in !is #"ini#n, a&& 'ts t! - (&ar #& t! " #"( as t! nds #& /usti' ma* r 3uir , It is vid nt, t! r &#r , t!at sin' t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( a(#n is aut!#ri8 d t# r "r s nt t! Stat #r t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s t! int r st #& t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs is su)#rdinat t# t!at #& t! Stat and t! * 'ann#t ) a((#- d t# ta. a stand in'#nsist nt -it! t!at #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, &#r t!at -#u(d ) tantam#unt t# giving t! (att r t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! 'rimina( "r#' dings, '#ntrar* t# t! "r#visi#ns #& (a- and t! s tt( d ru( s #n t! matt r, 2, It is a(r ad* m##t ) 'aus t! /udg is n# (#ng r in t! /udi'ia( s rvi' DISPOSITION SC grants t! " titi#n and ! r )* r mands t! 'as t# t! tria( '#urt in #rd r t!at an#t! r +udg ma* ! ar an - " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n &#r n - tria( and t# r s#(v t! issu a''#rding(* #n t! )asis #& t! vid n'

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

HELD N1 $ %! a&&idavit did n#t in &a't '#ntain an* r tra'ti#n #n t! '(aim #& ra" , 4 n' t! gui(t* v rdi't -as "r#" r '#nsid ring t!at t! t stim#n* #& t! vi'tim -as '#nsid r d )* t! tria( '#urt as 'r di)( and ) (i va)( , %! r -as as su'! n# r as#na)( d#u)t t# s" a. #&, $ 7v n using t! #(d statut -!i'! '#nsid r d ra" as a "rivat 'rim and t! &#rgiv n ss #& t! vi'tim #r t! "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian as :tinguis!ing t! 'rim , t! Su"r m '#urt ! (d t!at t! "ard#n #r &#rgiv n ss must ) "ri#r t# t! instituti#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, A&t r t! 'as !as ) n &i( d t! '#ntr#( #& t! "r#s 'uti#n is r m#v d &r#m t! #&& nd d "art*0s !and and an* '!ang #& ! art )* t! vi'tim -i(( n#t a&& 't t! stat 0s rig!t t# vindi'at t! atr#'iti s '#mmitt d against its (&, $ %! C#urt a(s# ru( d t!at t! d at! " na(t* is n#t a""(i'a)( in t!is 'as as t! "r#s 'uti#n -as n#t a)( t# sta)(is! ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t t! a(( g d min#rit* #& t! vi'tim, It 'it d its "r vi#us ru(ings t# t!is && 't,

PEOPLE v DELA CERNA 320 SCRA 538 C1R1NA ; 1't#) r 2, 2002

NATURE Aut#mati' r vi - #& d 'isi#n #& C )u Cit* R%C FACTS $ 7rn st# d (a Cu sta -as '!arg d #n >a* 16, 1229 -it! ra"ing !is min#r daug!t r, Ir n , s v n tim s #v r a " ri#d #& ig!t * ars ) ginning 1282 -! n t! vi'tim -as s v n * ars #(d, $ %! vi'tim t sti&i d in #" n '#urt a)#ut t! in'id nts #& ra" , 4#- v r, "ri#r t# t! r nd ring #& /udgm nt, t! vi'tim, #n +u(* 3, 1228, &i( d an a&&idavit #& d sistan' stating am#ng #t! rs t!at s! -as n# (#ng r int r st d in "ursuing t! 'as and t!at s! !ad a(r ad* &#rgiv n ! r &at! r, $ %! SC n#t d t!at t! ra" in'id nts in t!is 'as #''urr d "ri#r t# t! && 'tivit* #& RA 8353, %! Anti$Ra" ?a- #& 1229, -!i'! t##. && 't #n 1't#) r 22, 1229, Knd r t!is statut , t! 'rim #& ra" -as '(assi&i d as a 'rim against " rs#n, It s!#u(d ) &urt! r n#t d t!at t! (a- at t! tim t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d tr at d ra" as a "rivat 'rim '#v r d )* Arti'( 344 #& t! RPC, As "r#vid d &#r in t! said arti'( , #&& ns s #& s du'ti#n, a)du'ti#n, ra" , #r a'ts #& (as'ivi#usn ss s!a(( n#t ) "r#s 'ut d :' "t u"#n a '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, n#r in an* 'as , t! #&& nd r !as ) n :"r ss(* "ard#n d )* t! a)#v nam d " rs#ns, $ %! tria( '#urt &#und t! d & ndant gui(t* and s nt n' d !im t# t! su"r m " na(t* #& d at!, $ In !is a"" a(, t! #&& nd r '(aim d t!at ! s!#u(d n# !av ) n &#und gui(t* '#nsid ring t!at t! a&&idavit #& d sistan' 'r at d a r as#na)( d#u)t as t# !is gui(t, ISSUE 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in '#nvi'ting t! d & ndant

PEOPLE v DELA CRUZ 384 SCRA 395 ;A@I;7; +u(* 11, 2002
FACTS $ K"#n a '#m"(aint sign d )* +1NA?6N -it! t! assistan' #& ! r aunt Carm (ita B#r/a, t-# in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d )* t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r ) &#r t! R%C #& >a(#(#s '!arging Bi nv nid# ; (a Cru8 -it! ra" , BI7N@7NI;1 nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, $ 5! n +1NA?6N -as "r s nt d as its &irst -itn ss, t! "r#s 'uti#n s#ug!t t# #)tain &r#m t! tria( '#urt an #rd r &#r t! '#ndu't #& a "s*'!iatri' :aminati#n t# d t rmin ! r m nta( and "s*'!#(#gi'a( 'a"a)i(it* t# t sti&* in '#urt, %ria( '#urt a((#- d t! "r#s 'ut#r t# '#ndu't dir 't :aminati#n #n +1NA?6N s# t!at i& in its " r' "ti#n s! -#u(d a"" ar t# ) su&& ring &r#m m nta( d &i'i n'*, t! "r#s 'ut#r '#u(d ) " rmitt d t# as. ( ading 3u sti#ns, N#ti'ing t!at +1NA?6N !ad di&&i'u(t* in :"r ssing ! rs (&, t! tria( '#urt d 'id d t# sus" nd t! "r#' dings t# giv t! "r#s 'uti#n su&&i'i nt tim t# '#n& r -it! ! r, $ %ria( '#urt a((#- d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "ut #n t! -itn ss stand a > di'a( 1&&i' r #& t! Nati#na( C nt r &#r > nta( 4 a(t!, ;r, %ua8#n t sti&i d t!at s! &#und t!at +1NA?6N -as su&& ring &r#m a m#d rat ( v ( #& m nta( r tardati#n and t!at a(t!#ug! '!r#n#(#gi'a((* t! (att r -as a(r ad* 20 * ars #& ag , s! !ad t! m nta( ag #& an 8W$* ar$#(d '!i(d und r t! 5 '!s( r Adu(t Int ((ig n' S'a( , $ %! tria( '#urt issu d an #rd r a((#-ing ( ading 3u sti#ns t# ) "r#"#und d t# +1NA?6N, %!us, +1NA?6N t##. t! -itn ss stand, S! d '(ar d in #" n '#urt t!at BI7N@7NI;1 ra" d ! r t-i' , S! stat d t!at BI7N@7NI;1 "(a' d !ims (& #n t#" #& ! r and ins rt d !is "rivat "art int# ! r -#man!##d, $ %! d & ns &i( d a d murr r t# vid n' , -!i'! -as grant d, It admitt d t!at it '#u(d !av m#v d t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n )ut it did n#t ) 'aus t! '#m"(aint #n -!i'! t! in&#rmati#n -as )as d -as #n its &a' va(id, it !aving ) n sign d )* +1NA?6N as t! #&& nd d "art*, 4#- v r, t! und nia)( trut! is t!at +1NA?6N !ad n# 'a"a'it* t# sign t! sam '#nsid ring ! r m nta( d &i'i n'* #r a)n#rma(it*, %! d & ns a(s# insist d #n assai(ing t! '#m" t n'* #& +1NA?6N as a -itn ss, It '(aim d t!at +1NA?6N0s t stim#n*, '#nsid ring ! r m nta( stat , -as

Criminal Procedure
'#a'! d and r ! ars d, $ %! tria( '#urt d ni d t! ; murr "r s ntati#n #& t! vid n' &#r BI7N@7NI;1 #& t! 'rim #& ra" a'3uitt d !im in Crimina( Cas vid n' , r t# 7vid n' and s t t! dat s &#r t! t! d & ns , %ria( '#urt '#nvi't d in Crimina( Cas N#, 1295$>$26, )ut N#, 1294$>$26 &#r insu&&i'i n'* #&

a2010 page !
&#und t# !av t! m nta(it* #& an 8$* ar$#(d gir(, '#u(d (i. -is &i( t! '#m"(aint ind " nd nt(* #& ! r r (ativ s, 4 r '#m"(aint 'an ) rig!t&u((* '#nsid r d &i( d )* a min#r, 2, 67S $ %! d t rminati#n #& t! '#m" t n' #& -itn ss s t# t sti&* r sts "rimari(* -it! t! tria( /udg -!# s s t! m in t! -itn ss stand and #)s rv s t! ir ) !avi#r #r t! ir "#ss ssi#n #r (a'. #& int ((ig n' , as - (( as t! ir und rstanding #& t! #)(igati#n #& an #at!, $ %! "r#s 'uti#n !as "r#v d +1NA?6N0s '#m" t n'* )* t! t stim#n* #& ;r, %ua8#n, %! &inding #& t! tria( '#urt, as su""#rt d )* t! t stim#n* #& ;r, %ua8#n t!at +1NA?6N !ad t! und rstanding #& an 8$ * ar$#(d '!i(d, d# s n#t #)viat t! &a't #& ! r '#m" t n'*, Its #n(* && 't -as t# '#nsid r ! r t stim#n* &r#m t! "#int #& vi - #& an 8$* ar$#(d min#r, 3, 67S $ %! &#r g#ing narrativ !as sta)(is! d n#t #n(* +1NA?6N0s '#m" t n'* )ut a(s# ! r 'r di)i(it*, C#nsid ring ! r & )( mind, s! '#u(d n#t !av &a)ri'at d #r '#n'#'t d ! r '!arg against BI7N@7NI;1, A(s#, n# im"r#" r m#tiv -as s!#-n )* t! d & ns as t# -!* +1NA?6N -#u(d &i( a 'as #r &a(s (* t sti&* against BI7N@7NI;1, $ C#m"(ainant !as mad ! rs (& '( ar a)#ut t! s :ua( m#( stati#n s! su&& r d in t! !ands #& t! a''us d, P(ain and sim"( ! r t stim#n* ma* !av ) n, un m) ((is! d, as it is, -it! d tai(s, * t, it is in its sim"(i'it* t!at its 'r d n' is n!an' d, 4, 67S $ It is usua( and "r#" r &#r t! '#urt t# " rmit ( ading 3u sti#ns in '#ndu'ting t! :aminati#n #& a -itn ss -!# is immatur ; ag d and in&irm; in )ad "!*si'a( '#nditi#n; un du'at d; ign#rant #&, #r una''ust#m d t#, '#urt "r#' dings; in :" ri n' d; & )( $mind d; '#n&us d and agitat d; t rri&i d; timid #r m)arrass d -!i( #n t! stand; (a'.ing in '#m"r ! nsi#n #& 3u sti#ns as. d; d a& and dum); #r una)( t# s" a. #r und rstand t! 7ng(is! #r im" r& 't(* &ami(iar t! r -it!, $ %! ( ading 3u sti#ns - r n it! r '#n'(usi#ns #& &a'ts m r (* "ut int# t! m#ut! #& +1NA?6N n#r "r "ar d stat m nts -!i'! s! m r (* '#n&irm d as tru , DISPOSITION R%C d 'isi#n &inding a''us d$a"" ((ant BI7N@7NI;1 ;7?A CRKL gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& ra" and s nt n'ing !im t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& reclusion perpetua is AFFIR>7;, -it! t! m#di&i'ati#n t!at a''us d$a"" ((ant is #rd r d t# "a* t! vi'tim +1NA?6N 6K>ANG 'ivi( ind mnit* in t! r du' d am#unt #& P50,000 and m#ra( damag s in t! am#unt #& P50,000,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

C#n&r#nt d )* Ca("it# and G#si(, t! &is!)a(( v nd#r -#u(d n#t admit t!at ! !ad s!#rt$'!ang d Ca("it#, %! 3 m n . "t arguing, >#m nts (at r, S#rian# sa- ig!t m n rus!ing t#-ards G#si( and Ca("it#, Ca("it# g#t sta)) d and & (( t# t! gr#und, $ %! R%C &#und R#nni Ouit(#ng, Sa(vad#r Ouit(#ng and 7mi(i# S n#t# gui(t* #& murd r &#r t! .i((ing #& +#nat!an Ca("it#, A''us d$a"" ((ants, s!#rt(* a&t r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n, su)mitt d a m#ti#n &#r r inv stigati#n a(( ging t!at Ait -as a ' rtain J%-u- M%02$7, -!# sta)) d t! vi'tim, %! tria( '#urt a't d &av#ra)(* #n t! m#ti#n, %! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n t# admit an am nd d in&#rmati#n #n t! )asis #& a&&idavits, %! in&#rmati#n, as am nd d, in'(ud d + sus > nd#8a am#ng t! nam d a''us d, But un(i. a''us d$a"" ((ants -!# - r imm diat (* arr st d a&t r t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim , + sus > nd#8a r main d at (arg , At t! ir arraignm nt, t! d tain d a''us d "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d, $ 1n 21 A"ri( 1225, t! tria( '#urt, &#((#-ing !is va(uati#n #& t! r s" 'tiv su)missi#ns #& t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! d & ns , in'(uding t! ir r )utta( and sur$r )utta( vid n' , r nd r d its n#- assai( d d 'isi#n, ISSUES 1, 51N t! R%C a)us d its dis'r ti#n andM#r a't d in :' ss #& #r -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n in &inding t!at t! r -as '#ns"ira'* ) t- n and am#ng t! a''us d$a"" ((ants 2, 51N t! R%C grav (* a)us d its dis'r ti#n andM#r a't d in :' ss #& #r -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n in &inding t! a''us d$a"" ((ants gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& >urd r inst ad #& 4#mi'id HELD 1# 67S, Ouit(#ng is gui(t* #& murd r -!i( t! #t! r 2 ar #n(* a''#m"(i' s, 2, N1, t! 'rim -as 3ua(i&i d %! 'rim '#mmitt d -as 3ua(i&i d )* a)us #& su" ri#rit*, 5!i( su" ri#rit* in num) r -#u(d n#t " r s m an su" ri#rit* in str ngt!, n#ug! "r##& -as addu' d, !#- v r, t# s!#- t!at t! atta'. rs !ad '##" rat d in su'! a -a* as t# s 'ur advantag #& t! ir su" ri#rit* in str ngt! ' rtain(* #ut #& "r#"#rti#n t# t! m ans #& d & ns avai(a)( t# t! " rs#n atta'. d, $ Arti'( III, S 'ti#n 14, #& t! 1289 C#nstituti#n, in "arti'u(ar, mandat s t!at n# " rs#n s!a(( ) ! (d ans- ra)( &#r a 'rimina( #&& ns -it!#ut du "r#' ss #& (a- and t!at in a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns t! a''us d s!a(( &irst ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, %! rig!t t# ) in&#rm d #& an* su'! indi'tm nt is (i. -is :"(i'it in "r#' dura( ru( s, $ #)/ 't #& in&#rming an a''us d in -riting #& t! '!arg s against !imC First, %# &urnis! t! a''us d -it! su'! a d s'ri"ti#n #& t! '!arg against !im as -i(( na)( !im t# ma. !is d & ns ; and s '#nd, t# avai( !ims (& #& !is '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta( &#r "r#t 'ti#n against a &urt! r "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! sam 'aus ; and t!ird, t# in&#rm t! '#urt #& t! &a'ts a(( g d, s# t!at it ma* d 'id -! t! r t! * ar su&&i'i nt in (a- t# su""#rt a '#nvi'ti#n, i& #n s!#u(d ) !ad, <Knit d Stat s vs, Crui.s!an., 22 K,S,, 542=, In #rd r t!at t!is r 3uir m nt ma* ) satis&i d, &a'ts must ) stat d, n#t '#n'(usi#ns #& (a-, 7v r* 'rim is mad u" #& ' rtain a'ts and int nt; t! s must ) s t &#rt! in t! '#m"(aint -it! r as#na)( "arti'u(arit* #& tim , "(a' , nam s <"(ainti&& and d & ndant=, and 'ir'umstan' s, In s!#rt, t! '#m"(aint must '#ntain a s" 'i&i' a(( gati#n #& v r* &a't and 'ir'umstan' n ' ssar* t# '#nstitut t! 'rim '!arg d

ISSUES 1, 51N t! '#m"(aint &#r ra" &i( d -as va(id 2, 51N +#na(*n -as '#m" t nt t# t sti&* 3, 51N +#na(*n -as 'r di)( as a -itn ss 4, 51N ( ading 3u sti#ns s!#u(d !av ) n a((#- d t# ) as. d t# +#na(*n HELD 1, 67S $ %! " rtin nt (a-s :isting at t! tim t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d - r Arti'( 344 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d <"ri#r t# its am ndm nt )* R,A, N#, 8353 -!i'! t##. && 't #n 22 1't#) r 1229= and S 'ti#n 5 #& Ru( 110 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , $ %! #&& ns s #& s du'ti#n, a)du'ti#n, ra" #r a'ts #& (as'ivi#usn ss, s!a(( n#t ) "r#s 'ut d :' "t u"#n a '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, n#r, in an* 'as , i& t! #&& nd r !as ) n :"r ss(* "ard#n d )* t! a)#v $nam d " rs#ns, as t! 'as ma* ) , $ S 'ti#n 5 #& Ru( 110 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur stat sC %! #&& ns s #& s du'ti#n, a)du'ti#n, ra" #r a'ts #& (as'ivi#usn ss s!a(( n#t ) "r#s 'ut d :' "t u"#n a '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, n#r, in an* 'as , i& t! #&& nd r !as ) n :"r ss(* "ard#n d )* t! a)#v $nam d " rs#ns, as t! 'as ma* ) , In 'as t! #&& nd d "art* di s #r ) '#m s in'a"a'itat d ) &#r s! '#u(d &i( t! '#m"(aint and !as n# .n#-n "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, t! Stat s!a(( initiat t! 'rimina( a'ti#n in ! r ) !a(&, %! #&& nd d "art*, v n i& s! - r a min#r, !as t! rig!t t# initiat t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! a)#v #&& ns s, ind " nd nt(* #& ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts #r guardian, un( ss s! is in'#m" t nt #r in'a"a)( #& d#ing s# u"#n gr#unds #t! r t!an ! r min#rit*, 5! r t! #&& nd d "art* -!# is a min#r &ai(s t# &i( t! '#m"(aint, ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts #r guardian ma* &i( t! sam , $ A '#m"(aint #& t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r r (ativ s is r 3uir d in 'rim s against '!astit* #ut #& '#nsid rati#n &#r t! #&& nd d -#man and ! r &ami(*, -!# mig!t "r & r t# su&& r t! #utrag in si( n' rat! r t!an g# t!r#ug! -it! t! s'anda( #& a "u)(i' tria(, %! (a- d ms it t! -is r "#(i'* t# ( t t! aggri v d -#man and ! r &ami(* d 'id -! t! r t# :"#s t# "u)(i' vi - #r t# ! at d '#ntr#v rsi s in '#urt t! vi' s, &au(t, and disgra' &u( a'ts #''urring in t! &ami(*, $ %! '#m"(aint in t! instant 'as !as '#m"(i d -it! t! r 3uir m nt und r t! R vis d P na( C#d and t! Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , -!i'! v st u"#n +1NA?6N, as t! #&& nd d "art*, t! rig!t t# institut t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, As sign d )* +1NA?6N, t! '#m"(aint start d t! "r#s 'ut#r* "r#' ding, %! assistan' #& +1NA?6N0s aunt, #r v n #& ! r m#t! r, -as a su" r&(uit*, +1NA?6N0s signatur a(#n su&&i' s t# va(idat t! '#m"(aint, $ I& a min#r und r t! Ru( s #& C#urt 'an &i( a '#m"(aint &#r ra" ind " nd nt(* #& ! r "ar nts, +1NA?6N, t! n 20 * ars #& ag -!# -as

PEOPLE v 6UITLONG 222 SCRA 360 @I%KG ; +u(* 10, 1228

NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! R%C FACTS $ Ca("it# -as a stud nt &r#m Bagui# 'it*, 1n tim , ! -ant d s#m &is!)a((s s# ! and G#si( )#ug!t s#m &is!)a((s -#rt! P15, 5! n Ca("it# '#unt d !is '!ang , ! &#und #ut t!at ! #n(* r ' iv d P35 &#r !is P100,

Criminal Procedure
DISPOSITION a"" ((ant R#nni Ouit(#ng is &#und gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& murd r &#r t! .i((ing #& +#nat!an Ca("it#, A"" ((ants Sa(vad#r Ouit(#ng and 7mi(i# S n#t#, +r,, ar &#und gui(t* as a''#m"(i' s in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim ,

a2010 page "

"r#s 'uti#n t# &i( its '#mm nt #r #""#siti#n t# " titi#n r0s r 3u st &#r t! issuan' #& su)"# nas, %! * argu d t!at ; #'am"# !ad ar(i r att st d t!at t! d#'um nts, r '#rds and )##.s #& a''#unts - r a(r ad* )urn d, t! * did n#t maintain t! r 3u st d sa( s ( dg r and t!at #t! r d#'um nts '#u(d n#t ) "r#du' d ) 'aus #& t! r ' nt '#m"ut ri8ati#n #& r '#rds -as sti(( in t! "r#' ss #& '#m"( ti#n, %! * a(s# maintain d t!at t! d#'um nts r 3u st d ar immat ria( and irr ( vant t# t! 'rim s &#r -!i'! t! " titi#n r -as ) ing "r#s 'ut d, $ In a r s#(uti#n, t! >%CC, t!ru its +udg 7d-ard B, C#ntr ras, d ni d " titi#n r0s r 3u st #n t! &#((#-ing gr#undsC <a= t! r 3u st d d#'um nts, )##. ( dg rs and #t! r r '#rds - r immat ria( in r s#(ving t! issu s "#s d ) &#r t! '#urt; and <)= t! issuan' #& t! su)"# nas -i(( #n(* undu(* d (a* t! ! aring #& t! 'rimina( 'as s, $ +udg C#ntr ras simi(ar(* d ni d t! >FR, R%C d ni d du '#urs t# " titi#n &#r &ai(ur t# "r#v grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, Simi(ar(*, it d ni d >FR, P titi#n r - nt t# CA via ' rti#rari, %! " titi#n -as sti(( dismiss d, >FR -as sti(( dismiss d, Petitioners claim %! d nia( #& t! r 3u st &#r t! issuan' #& su)"# na ad t sti&i'andum and su)"# na du' s t 'um is vi#(ativ #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!ts ISSUE 51N t! (#- r '#urts rr d in d n*ing t! su)"# na r 3u st d )* R#'# 748D Ratio N1, B &#r a su)"# na du' s t 'um ma* issu , t! '#urt must &irst ) satis&i d t!at t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s ar "r s ntC <1= t! )##.s, d#'um nts #r #t! r t!ings r 3u st d must a"" ar "rima &a'i r ( vant t# t! issu su)/ 't #& t! '#ntr#v rs* <t st #& r ( van'*=; and <2= su'! )##.s must ) r as#na)(* d s'ri) d )* t! "arti s t# ) r adi(* id nti&i d <t st #& d &init n ss=, Reasoning $ A su)"# na is a "r#' ss dir 't d t# a " rs#n r 3uiring !im t# att nd and t# t sti&* at t! ! aring #r tria( #& an a'ti#n #r at an* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d und r t! (a-s #& t! P!i(i""in s, #r &#r t! ta.ing #& !is d "#siti#n, %! &irst, su)"# na ad t sti&i'andum, is us d t# '#m" ( a " rs#n t# t sti&*, -!i( t! s '#nd, su)"# na du' s t 'um, is us d t# '#m" ( t! "r#du'ti#n #& )##.s, r '#rds, t!ings #r d#'um nts t! r in s" 'i&i d, $ %! )##.s and d#'um nts t!at " titi#n r r 3u st d t# ) su)"# na d ar d signat d and d s'ri) d in !is r 3u st -it! d &init n ss and r adi(* id nti&ia)( , %! t st #& d &init n ss, t! r &#r , is satis&i d in t!is 'as , 4#- v r, in t! matt r #& r ( van'* #& t!#s )##.s and d#'um nts t# t! " nding 'rimina( 'as s t!at " titi#n r mis ra)(* &ai( d t# dis'!arg !is )urd n, $ Bas d #n t! r '#rds ) (#- and as '#rr 't(* "#int d #ut )* t! CA, " titi#n r !ad ) n issu d )* Ca(0s -it! t m"#rar* r ' i"ts in t! &#rm #& * ((#- "ad s(i"s #& "a" r vid n'ing !is "a*m nts, -!i'! "ad s(i"s !ad ) n va(idat d )* t! '#r"#rati#n its (&, It is '( ar t!at t! "r#du'ti#n #& t! )##.s and d#'um nts r 3u st d )* " titi#n r ar n#t indis" nsa)( t# "r#v !is d & ns #& "a*m nt, DISPOSITION t! instant " titi#n is ;7NI7; and t! '!a(( ng d d 'isi#n and r s#(uti#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s AFFIR>7;,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

439 SCRA 152 6NAR7S$SAN%IAG1,; Aug 20, 2004
FACTS $ %!r <3= "rivat #&& nd d "arti s -!# ar m m) rs #& t! R gi#na( S" 'ia( 1" rati#ns Gr#u" <RS1G= #& t! ;7NR %a'(#)an Cit*, t#g t! r -it! t-# <2= m m) rs #& P!i(i""in Nati#na( P#(i' R gi#na( Int ((ig n' Gr#u", - r s nt t# t! Is(and #& ;aram, 5 st rn Samar t# '#ndu't int ((ig n' #" rati#ns #n "#ssi)( i(( ga( (#gging a'tiviti s, At ar#und 4C30$5C00 ",m,, t! t am &#und t-# )#ats m asuring 18 m t rs in ( ngt! and 5 m t rs in )r adt! ) ing '#nstru't d at Baranga* ?#'#)$?#'#), %! r t! * m t " titi#n r B nit# Ast#rga, t! >a*#r #& ;aram, -!# turn d #ut t# ) t! #-n r #& t! )#ats, A ! at d a(t r'ati#n nsu d ) t- n " titi#n r and t! ;7NR t am, P titi#n r 'a(( d &#r r in&#r' m nts and, m#m nts (at r, a )#at ) aring t n arm d m n, s#m - aring &atigu s, arriv d at t! s' n , %! ;7NR t am -as t! n )r#ug!t t# " titi#n r0s !#us in ;aram, -! r t! * !ad dinn r and drin.s, %! t am ( &t at 2C00 a,m, $ 1n t! )asis #& t! &#r g#ing &a'ts, " titi#n r -as '!arg d -it! and '#nvi't d #& Ar)itrar* ; t nti#n )* t! Sandigan)a*an, $ SC a&&irm d t! '#n'#nvi'ti#n #& ;aram, ; & ndant &i( d >FR N d ni d -it! &ina(it* Fi( d an Krg nt >#ti#n &#r ? av t# Fi( 2nd >FR N grant d ISSUES Procedural 51N &i(ing #& 2nd >FR is "r#" r Su!stantive 51N t! gui(t #& t! a''us d -as "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t HELD Procedural 67S Ratio 5!i( a s '#nd m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n is, as a g n ra( ru( , a "r#!i)it d "( ading, it is -it!in t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! C#urt t# admit t! sam , "r#vid d it is &i( d -it! "ri#r ( av -! n v r su)stantiv /usti' ma* ) ) tt r s rv d t! r )*, Reasoning % %! ru( s #& "r#' dur ar m r (* t##(s d sign d t# &a'i(itat t! attainm nt #& /usti' , %! * - r '#n' iv d and "r#mu(gat d t# && 'tiv (* aid t! '#urt in t! dis" nsati#n #& /usti' , C#urts ar n#t s(av s t# #r r#)#ts #& t '!ni'a( ru( s, s!#rn #& /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n, In r nd ring /usti' , '#urts !av a(-a*s ) n, as t! * #ug!t t# ) , '#ns'i nti#us(* guid d )* t! n#rm t!at #n t! )a(an' , t '!ni'a(iti s ta. a )a'.s at against su)stantiv rig!ts, and n#t t! #t! r -a* ar#und, %!us, i& t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! Ru( s -#u(d t nd t# &rustrat rat! r t!an "r#m#t /usti' , it is a(-a*s -it!in #ur "#- r t# sus" nd t! ru( s, #r :' "t a "arti'u(ar 'as &r#m its #" rati#n, Su!stantive N1 Ratio 5! n t! gui(t #& t! a''us d !as n#t ) n "r#v n -it! m#ra( ' rtaint*, t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' #& t! a''us d must ) sustain d and !is :#n rati#n ) grant d as a matt r #& rig!t, F#r t! "r#s 'uti#n0s vid n' must stand #r &a(( #n its #-n m rit and 'ann#t ) a((#- d t# dra- str ngt! &r#m t! - a.n ss #& t! vid n' &#r t! d & ns ,

ROCO v CONTRERAS 461 SCRA 505 GARCIA; +un 28, 2005

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari und r Ru( 45 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt t! d 'isi#n dismissing a"" a( and r s#(uti#n d n*ing m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s FACTS - ;#ming# R#'#, ngag d in )u*ing and s ((ing #& dr ss d '!i'. n, "ur'!as d !is su""(* &r#m "rivat r s"#nd nt Ca(0s P#u(tr* Su""(* C#r"#rati#n <Ca(0s= - As "a*m nt &#r !is "ur'!as , " titi#n r dr - 5 '! '.s "a*a)( t# Ca(0s against !is a''#unt -it! PCIB, PCIB dis!#n#r d t! '! '.s &#r !aving ) n dra-n &r#m a '(#s d a''#unt, Ca(0s t! n &i( d a 'rimina( '#m"(aint &#r vi#(ati#n #& BP22 $ B &#r tria( '#u(d '#mm n' , R#'# &i( d -it! t! BIR a d nun'iati#n ( tt r against Ca(0s in t!at it &ai( d t# issu '#mm r'ia( inv#i' s, BIR &#und n# "rima &a'i vid n' #& ta: vasi#n, $ %ria( &#r R#'#0s vi#(ati#n #& BP 22 '#mm n' d, A&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n r st d, t! >%CC d '(ar d t! 'as s su)mitt d &#r d 'isi#n #n a''#unt #& " titi#n r0s &ai(ur t# addu' vid n' in !is ) !a(&, ?at r, MTCC *%02%*%2 , 8u29/%0' $& .$0v+.'+$0 ,9,+0-' )%'+'+$0%*# $ P titi#n r - nt t# a"" a( t# t! R%C '#nt nding t!at ! -as d "riv d #& du "r#' ss, R%C agr d and va'at d t! >%CC d 'isi#n, - P nding t! r mand d 'as s, " titi#n r &i( d -it! t! >%CC a AR 3u st &#r Issuan' #& Su)"# na Ad % sti&i'andum and Su)"# na ;u' s % 'umB, r 3uiring @ivian ; #'am"# #r ;ani(# 6a", )#t! #& Ca(0s C#r"#rati#n #r t! ir du(* aut!#ri8 d r "r s ntativ s, t# a"" ar and t sti&* in '#urt and t# )ring -it! t! m ' rtain d#'um nts, r '#rds and )##.s #& a''#unts &#r t! * ars 1223$12221, Pr#s 'uti#n did n#t #)/ 't, $ A'ting +udg G #m r C, ; (&in, issu d an #rd r granting " titi#n r0s r 3u st and a''#rding(* dir 't d t! issuan' #& t! d sir d su)"# nas, $Ca(0s '#uns ( mani& st d t!at it -as im"r#" r &#r t! tria( '#urt t# !av dir 't d t! issuan' #& t! r 3u st d su)"# nas, t# -!i'! t! R#'# '#unt r d )* sa*ing t!at +udg ; (&in0s !ad ) '#m &ina( and ! n' , immuta)( , N#n t! ( ss, t! tria( '#urt issu d an #rd r a((#-ing t!
1
Sa( s +#urna( &#r t! * ar 1223; A''#unts R ' iva)( +#urna( &#r t! * ar 1223; Sa( s ? dg r &#r t! * ar 1223; A''#unts R ' iva)( ? dg r &#r t! * ar 1223 <in its a)s n' , A''#unts R ' iva)( ? dg r &#r t! * ars 1224, 1225, 1226, 1229, 1228 #r 1222=; Audit d In'#m Stat m nt &#r t! * ars 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1229, 1228 and In'#m Stat m nts as #& F )ruar* 1222; Audit d Ba(an' S! t &#r t! * ars 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1229, 1228 and "Ba(an' S! t as #& F )ruar* 1222; and In'#m %a: R turns &#r t! * ars 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226 and 1229,

ASTORGA v PEOPLE

Criminal Procedure
Furt! rm#r , -! r t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n is '#n' d d(* - a., v n i& t! vid n' &#r d & ns is a(s# - a., t! a''us d must ) du(* a''#rd d t! ) n &it #& t! d#u)t in vi - #& t! .$0-'+'u'+$0,l )*%-u/)'+$0 $& +00$.%0.% t!at an a''us d n/#*s, 5! n t! 'ir'umstan' s ar 'a"a)( #& t-# #r m#r in& r n' s, as in t!is 'as , #n #& -!i'! is '#nsist nt -it! t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' -!i( t! #t! r is '#m"ati)( -it! gui(t, t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' must "r vai( and t! '#urt must a'3uit, It is ) tt r t# a'3uit a gui(t* man t!an t# '#nvi't an inn#' nt man, Reasoning % N# su&&i'i nt vid n' t# s!#- t!at " titi#n r insti(( d & ar in t! minds #& t! "rivat #&& nd d "arti s, It a"" ars t!at ;arma m r (* :t nd d !is !#s"ita(it* and nt rtain d t! ;7NR t am in !is !#us , DISPOSITION R7@7RS7;, P titi#n r B nit# Ast#rga is ACOKI%%7; #& t! 'rim #& Ar)itrar* ; t nti#n #n t! gr#und #& r as#na)( d#u)t,

a2010 page 10
"r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d its -itn ss s, a&t r -!i'! t! Sigui#n R *na, >#nt 'i((i# and 1ngsia.# ?a- 1&&i' s <SR>1= as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r &i( d a F#rma( 1&& r #& 7vid n' , 9 P titi#n r #""#s d t! "( ading, '#nt nding t!at t! "rivat '#m"(ainant -as r "r s nt d )* t! ACCRA ?a- 1&&i' s and t! Ba(g#s and P r 8 ?a- 1&&i' during tria(, and it -as #n(* a&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n !ad r st d its 'as t!at SR>1 nt r d its a"" aran' as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r r "r s nting t! PCIB, Sin' t! ACCRA and Ba(g#s and P r 8 ?a- 1&&i' s !ad n#t -it!dra-n t! ir a"" aran' , SR>1 !ad n# " rs#na(it* t# a"" ar as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, Knd r t! In&#rmati#ns, t! "rivat '#m"(ainant is Ca(t : and n#t PCIB; ! n' , t! F#rma( 1&& r #& 7vid n' &i( d )* SR>1 s!#u(d ) stri'. n &r#m t! r '#rds, $ P titi#n r &urt! r av rr d t!at un( ss t! In&#rmati#ns - r am nd d t# '!ang t! "rivat '#m"(ainant t# PCIB, !is rig!t as a''us d -#u(d ) "r /udi' d, 4 "#int d #ut, !#- v r, t!at t! In&#rmati#ns 'an n# (#ng r ) am nd d ) 'aus ! !ad a(r ad* ) n arraign d und r t! #rigina( In&#rmati#ns,8 4 insist d t!at t! am ndm nts #& t! In&#rmati#ns t# su)stitut PCIB as t! #&& nd d "art* &#r Ca(t : -#u(d "(a' !im in d#u)( / #"ard*, $ PCIB, t!r#ug! SR>1, #""#s d t! m#ti#n, It '#nt nd d t!at t! PCIB !ad r $'r dit d t! am#unt t# Ca(t : t# t! :t nt #& t! ind mnit*; ! n' , t! PCIB !ad ) n su)r#gat d t# t! rig!ts and int r sts #& Ca(t : as "rivat '#m"(ainant, C#ns 3u nt(*, t! PCIB is ntit( d t# r ' iv an* 'ivi( ind mnit* -!i'! t! tria( '#urt -#u(d ad/udg against t! a''us d, >#r #v r, t! r $'r dit d am#unt -as )r#ug!t #ut #n 'r#ss$ :aminati#n )* Ram#n R#man# -!# t sti&i d &#r t! Pr#s 'uti#n, PCIB "#int d #ut t!at " titi#n r !ad mar. d in vid n' t! ( tt r #& t! ACCRA ?a- 1&&i' t# PCIBan. dat d 1't#) r 10, 1229 and t! 'r dit m m# s nt )* PCIB t# Ca(t : $ 1n +u(* 18, 2001, t! R%C issu d an 1rd r granting t! m#ti#n #& t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r &#r t! su)stituti#n #& PCIB as "rivat '#m"(ainant &#r Ca(t :, It !#- v r d ni d " titi#n r0s m#ti#n t# !av t! &#rma( #&& r #& vid n' #& SR>1 :"ung d &r#m t! r '#rd, P titi#n r &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -!i'! t! R%C d ni d #n N#v m) r 14, 2001, $ P titi#n r &i( d a P titi#n &#r C rti#rari und r Ru( 65 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt -it! Krg nt A""(i'ati#n &#r % m"#rar* R straining 1rd r -it! t! C#urt #& A"" a(s <CA,= "ra*ing &#r t! annu(m nt #& t! R%C0s 1rd rs #& +u(* 18, 2001 and N#v m) r 14, 2001, $ A''#rding t# " titi#n r, damag #r in/ur* t# t! #&& nd d "art* is an ss ntia( ( m nt #& sta&a, %! am ndm nt #& t! In&#rmati#ns su)stituting t! PCIBan. &#r Ca(t : as t! #&& nd d "art* -#u(d "r /udi' !is rig!ts sin' ! is d "riv d #& a d & ns avai(a)( ) &#r t! am ndm nt, and -!i'! -#u(d ) unavai(a)( i& t! In&#rmati#ns ar am nd d, P titi#n r &urt! r insist d t!at t! ru(ing in t! Sa*s#n 'as did n#t a""(* t# t!is 'as , ) The appellate court declared that when PC*B restored the amount of the checks to Calte+& it was subrogated to the latter,s right against petitioner. *t further declared that in offenses against propert'& the designation of the name of the offended part' is not absolutel' indispensable for as long as the criminal act charged in the complaint or information can be properl' identified. The appellate court cited the rulings of this Court in People v. %o and People v. Re'es. ISSUE 1, 51N " titi#n r0s rig!ts ar "r /udi' d -it! t! su)stituti#n #& t! '#m"(ainant

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

2, 51N t! r -as a va(id su)r#gati#n #& rig!ts )* Ca(t : t# PCIB 3, 51N '!arg s against !im s!#u(d ) dismiss d ) 'aus t! a(( gati#ns in )#t! In&#rmati#ns &ai( d t# nam PCIB as tru #&& nd d "art* HELD 1, N1 $ %! t st as t# -! t! r a d & ndant is "r /udi' d )* t! am ndm nt is -! t! r a d & ns und r t! in&#rmati#n as it #rigina((* st##d -#u(d ) avai(a)( a&t r t! am ndm nt is mad , and -! t! r an* vid n' d & ndant mig!t !av -#u(d ) 3ua((* a""(i'a)( t# t! in&#rmati#n in t! #n &#rm as in t! #t! r, An am ndm nt t# an in&#rmati#n -!i'! d# s n#t '!ang t! natur #& t! 'rim a(( g d t! r in d# s n#t a&& 't t! ss n' #& t! #&& ns #r 'aus sur"ris #r d "riv t! a''us d #& an #""#rtunit* t# m t t! n - av rm nt !ad a'! ) n ! (d t# ) #n #& &#rm and n#t #& su)stan' , $ In t! 'as at )ar, t! su)stituti#n #& Ca(t : )* PCIB as "rivat '#m"(aint is n#t a su)stantia( am ndm nt, %! su)stituti#n did n#t a(t r t! )asis #& t! '!arg in )#t! In&#rmati#ns, n#r did it r su(t in an* "r /udi' t# " titi#n r, %! d#'um ntar* vid n' in t! &#rm #& t! &#rg d '! '.s r main d t! sam , and a(( su'! vid n' -as avai(a)( t# " titi#n r - (( ) &#r t! tria(, %!us, ! 'ann#t '(aim an* sur"ris )* virtu #& t! su)stituti#n, 2, 67S $ %! C#urt agr s -it! r s"#nd nt PCIB0s '#mm nt t!at " titi#n r &ai( d t# ma. a distin'ti#n ) t- n ( ga( and '#nv nti#na( su)r#gati#n, Su)r#gati#n is t! trans& r #& a(( t! rig!ts #& t! 'r dit#r t# a t!ird " rs#n, -!# su)stitut s !im in a(( !is rig!ts, It ma* it! r ) ( ga( #r '#nv nti#na(, ? ga( su)r#gati#n is t!at -!i'! ta. s "(a' -it!#ut agr m nt )ut )* #" rati#n #& (a- ) 'aus #& ' rtain a'ts, Instan' s #& ( ga( su)r#gati#n ar t!#s "r#vid d in Arti'( 1302#& t! Civi( C#d , C#nv nti#na( su)r#gati#n, #n t! #t! r !and, is t!at -!i'! ta. s "(a' )* agr m nt #& t! "arti s, %!us, " titi#n r0s a'3ui s' n' is n#t n ' ssar* &#r su)r#gati#n t# ta. "(a' ) 'aus t! instant 'as is #n #& ( ga( su)r#gati#n t!at #''urs )* #" rati#n #& (a-, and -it!#ut n d #& t! d )t#r0s .n#-( dg , 3, N1 $ %! ru( s #n 'rimina( "r#' dur r 3uir t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n t# stat t! nam and surnam #& t! " rs#n against -!#m #r against -!#s "r#" rt* t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d #r an* a"" ((ati#n #r ni'.nam )* -!i'! su'! " rs#n !as ) n #r is .n#-n and i& t! r is n# ) tt r -a* #& Id nti&*ing !im, ! must ) d s'ri) d und r a &i'titi#us nam <Ru( 110, S 'ti#n 11, R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt; n#- Ru( 110, S 'ti#n 12 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur ,E In 'as #& #&& ns s against "r#" rt*, t! d signati#n #& t! nam #& t! #&& nd d "art* is n#t a)s#(ut (* indis" nsa)( &#r as (#ng as t! 'rimina( a't '!arg d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n 'an ) "r#" r(* id nti&i d, ) ? ga( Basis= S 'ti#n, 12, Nam #& t! #&& nd d "art*, N%! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n must stat t! nam and surnam #& t! " rs#n against -!#m #r against -!#s "r#" rt* t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d, #r an* a"" ((ati#n #r ni'.nam )* -!i'! su'! " rs#n !as ) n #r is .n#-n, I& t! r is n# ) tt r -a* #& id nti&*ing !im, ! must ) d s'ri) d und r a &i'titi#us nam ,

PEOPLE v TULIN RICARZE v CA :PEOPLE, CALTE;< G,R, N#, 160451 CA??7+1, SR; F )ruar* 2, 2009
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari #& t! ; 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s FACTS $ P titi#n r 7duard# G, Ri'ar8 -as m"(#* d as a '#(( 't#r$m ss ng r )* Cit* S rvi' C#r"#rati#n, a d#m sti' '#r"#rati#n ngag d in m ss ng ria( s rvi' s, 4 -as assign d t# t! main #&&i' #& Ca(t : P!i(i""in s, In', <Ca(t := in >a.ati Cit*, 4is "rimar* tas. -as t# '#(( 't '! '.s "a*a)( t# Ca(t : and d (iv r t! m t# t! 'as!i r, 4 a(s# d (iv r d inv#i' s t# Ca(t :0s 'ust#m rs, $ 1n N#v m) r 6, 1229, Ca(t : &i( d a 'rimina( '#m"(aint against " titi#n r ) &#r t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r #& >a.ati Cit* &#r sta&a t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts, R#man# a(( g d t!at, #n 1't#) r 16, 1229, -!i( !is d "artm nt -as '#ndu'ting a dai(* ( 'tr#ni' r "#rt &r#m P!i(i""in C#mm r'ia( T Industria( Ban. <PCIB= ; (a R#sa, >a.ati Bran'!, #n #& its d "#sitar* )an.s, it -as dis'#v r d t!at un.n#-n t# t! d "artm nt, a '#m"an* '! '., C! '. N#, 94001 dat d 1't#) r 13, 1229 in t! am#unt #& P5,920,590,25 "a*a)( t# ;ant R, Guti rr 8, !ad ) n '( ar d t!r#ug! PCIB #n 1't#) r 15, 1229, n#t-it!standing t-# missing '! '.s and t-# #t! r '! '. &#rg ri s, #n #& -!i'! am#unt d t# P1,920,959,25, A(( #& t! s - r n v r issu d )* Ca(t :, $ Furt! r inv stigati#n r v a( d t!at said savings a''#unt !ad a'tua((* ) n #" n d )* " titi#n r; t! &#rg d '! '.s - r d "#sit d and nd#rs d )* !im und r Guti rr 80s nam , $ In t! m antim , t! PCIB 'r dit d t! am#unt #& P581,222,00 t# Ca(t : #n >ar'! 22, 1228, %owever& the Cit' Prosecutor of (akati Cit' was not informed of this development , A&t r t! r 3uisit "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d t-# <2= In&#rmati#ns &#r sta&a t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts #n +un 22, 1228 against " titi#n r ) &#r t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <R%C= #& >a.ati Cit*, Bran'! 63, $ P titi#n r -as arraign d #n August 18, 1228, and "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# )#t! '!arg s, Pr $tria( nsu d and t! 'as s - r /#int(* tri d, %!

Criminal Procedure
<a= In #&& ns s against "r#" rt*, i& t! nam #& t! #&& nd d "art* is un.n#-n, t! "r#" rt* must ) d s'ri) d -it! su'! "arti'u(arit* as t# "r#" r(* id nti&* t! #&& ns '!arg d, <)= I& t! tru nam #& t! " rs#n against -!#m #r against -!#s "r#" rt* t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d is t! r a&t r dis'(#s d #r as' rtain d, t! '#urt must 'aus su'! tru nam t# ) ins rt d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n and t! r '#rd <'= I& t! #&& nd d "art* is a /uridi'a( " rs#n, it is su&&i'i nt t# stat its nam , #r an* nam #r d signati#n )* -!i'! it is .n#-n #r )* -!i'! it ma* ) id nti&i d, -it!#ut n d #& av rring t!at it is a /uridi'a( " rs#n #r t!at it is #rgani8 d in a''#rdan' -it! (a-, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! " titi#n is ;7NI7;, %! assai( d d 'isi#n and r s#(uti#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s ar AFFIR>7;, %!is 'as is R7>AN;7; t# t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& >a.ati Cit*, Bran'! 63, &#r &urt! r "r#' dings,

a2010 page 11
ISSUES 1, 51N %C rr d in #rd ring t! am ndm nt #& t! in&#rmati#n t# in'(ud @ rg ( Bustamant a(ias A;an Sa.sa.B d s"it (a'. #& "r##& t!at t! 2 ar 1 and t! sam " rs#n, 2, 51N t! r -as n# r inv stigati#n '#ndu't d t# /usti&* t! &i(ing #& t! am nd d in&#rmati#n 3, 51N t! %C rr d in '#nvi'ting Bustamant u"#n t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s0 '#ntradi't#r* and im"r#)a)( t stim#ni s and t! a"" ((ant0s :tra$/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n 4, 51N t! a''us d 'an ) '#nvi't d #& .idna""ing &#r rans#m HELD 1, N1, $ %! && 'ir'umstan' s ( d t! R%C /udg #& Nu va 7'i/a t# ) (i v t!at @ rg ( Bustamant and A;an Sa.sa.B ar #n and t! sam " rs#n as t! a''us d is m nti#n d in a'! as @ rg ( Bustamant a(ias A;an Sa.sa.BC A su)"# na issu d )* t! >%C #& Ga"an; a R turn #& S rvi' #& #n su)"# na; an #rd r issu d )* t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Ga"an &inding a "rima &a'i 'as against t! a''us d; and t! ( tt r #& transmitta( #& t! r '#rds #& t! 'as s t# t! R%C #& Nu va 7'i/a stating Bustamant a.a ;an Sa.sa. -as d tain d in t! >ani(a Cit* +ai(, $In, an* 'as , t! issu 'ann#t ) rais d &#r t! &irst tim #n a"" a( as it is #n a&& 'ting /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! " rs#n and s!#u(d !av ) n rais d ) &#r t! tria( '#urt in a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n, As t! a''us d &ai( d t# d# s#, ! is d m d t# !av -aiv d !is #)/ 'ti#n t# t! in&#rmati#n and is assum d t# ) satis&i d -it! its ( ga(it*, 2, N1 $ %! r inv stigati#n is vid n' d )* t! ' rti&i'ati#n #& t! Fis'a( stating t!at t! r -as r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v a 'rim !ad ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! a''us d - r in&#rm d #& t! '#m"(aint and giv n an #""#rtunit* t# su)mit '#ntr#v rting vid n' , 3, N1 $ %! said dis'r "an'i s in t! t stim#ni s - r min#r d tai(s -!i'! '#u(d n#t d str#* t! su)stan' #& said t stim#ni s, As t! !ig! st d gr #& r s" 't is a''#rd d t# t! &a'tua( &indings #& t! %C, t! issu #& t! 'r di)i(it* #& t! -itn ss s 'ann#t ) rais d, A(s#, t! vid n' "r s nt d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n -as su&&i'i nt t# su""#rt a &inding #& gui(t v n -it!#ut t! said :tra$/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n, 4, N1 $N# ( m nt #& rans#m :ists as n# rans#m n#t -as "r s nt d in '#urt, N it! r -as t! r a d mand &#r m#n * in :'!ang &#r Pris'i((a0s sa& r turn, B sid s, t! Am nd d In&#rmati#n &ai( d t# a(( g t!at t! .idna""ing -as &#r t! "ur"#s #& :t#rting a rans#m, %! ru( is t!at an a''us d 'ann#t ) '#nvi't d #& a !ig! r #&& ns t!an t!at '!arg d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, $4 n' , Bustamant 'an #n(* ) '#nvi't d #& .idna""ing #& a & ma( und r Arti'( 269 -it! t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' s #& <a= t! us #& a m#t#r v !i'( and <)= t! aid #& arm d m n )ringing t! " na(t* u" t# t! ma:imum, 4#- v r, du t# Arti'( 3 S ', 12 #& t! C#nstituti#n, t! d at! " na(t* is r du' d t# r '(usi#n " r" tua, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! /udgm nt a"" a( d &r#m is ! r )* AFFIR>7;

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

38 P!i(, 330 S%R77%- +u(* 15, 1218
NATURE R vi - #& a d 'isi#n #& t! CFI #& Pr#vin' #& I(#i(#, s nt n'ing t! d & ndants P dr# ?a!#*(a!#* and >ar'#s >adan(#g t# d at! u"#n a '#m"(aint '!arging t! 'rim #& r#)) r* -it! mu(ti"( !#mi'id , FACTS $ %! in&#rmati#n in a "r#s 'uti#n &#r r#)) r* -it! 3uadru"( !#mi'id '!arg d t!at t! a''us d 'rimina((* and )* &#r' a""r#"riat d ' rtain arti'( s #& va(u , t! "r#" rt* #& #n R#man 7stri)a, and #n #''asi#n t! r #& .i(( d t! said R#man 7stri)a and t!r #t! rs, 4#- v r, t! "r##& s!#- d t!at t! m#n * -!i'! -as t! su)/ 't #& t! r#)) r* -as ta. n &r#m #n +uana S ran -!# -as r#)) d and .i(( d s "arat (* &r#m t! #t! r t!r vi'tims, ISSUE 51N t! '#nvi'ti#n &#r r#)) r* -it! 3uadru"( !#mi'id 'an ) sustain d HELD N1 $ Su)s 'ti#n 5 #& s 'ti#n 6 #& G n ra( 1rd rs N#, 58 d '(ar s t!at a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n s!a(( s!#-, am#ng #t! rs t!ings, t! nam s #& t! " rs#ns against -!#m, #r against -!#s "r#" rt*, t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d, i& .n#-n, %! '#m"(aint in t!is 'as t! r &#r "r#" r(* '#ntain d an av rm nt as t# t! #-n rs!i" #& t! "r#" rt*; and u"#n "rin'i"( , in '!arging t! 'rim #& r#)) r* '#mmitt d u"#n t! " rs#n, t! a(( gati#n #& t! #-n rQs nam is ss ntia(, But #& '#urs i& !is nam 'ann#t ) as' rtain d, it ma* ) a(( g d t!at it is un.n#-n, $ Fr#m t! &a't t!at t! nam #& t! in/ur d " rs#n ma*, in 'as #& n ' ssit*, ) a(( g d as un.n#-n it s!#u(d NOT ) in& rr d t!at t! naming #& su'! " rs#n, -! n .n#-n, is #& n# im"#rtan' , 5! r t! nam #& t! in/ur d "art* is n ' ssar* as matt r #& ss ntia( d s'ri"ti#n #& t! 'rim '!arg d, t! '#m"(aint must inv st su'! " rs#n -it! individua(it* )* it! r naming !im #r a(( ging t!at !is nam is un.n#-n, *t is elementar' that in crimes against propert'& ownership must be alleged as matter essential to the proper description of the offense. %# '#nstitut r#)) r*, t! "r#" rt* #)tain d must ) t!at #& an#t! r, and indi'tm nts &#r su'! #&& ns s must nam t! #-n r; and a varian' in t!is r s" 't ) t- n t! indi'tm nt and t! "r##& -i(( ) &ata(, It is a(s# n ' ssar* in #rd r t# id nti&* t! #&& ns , $ A '#m"(aint '!arging t! '#mmissi#n #& t! '#m"( : #&& ns #& r#)) r* -it! !#mi'id must n ' ssari(* '!arg a'! #& t! '#m"#n nt #&& ns s -it! t! sam "r 'isi#n t!at -#u(d ) n ' ssar* i& t! * - r mad t! su)/ 't #& s "arat '#m"(aints, It is - (( r '#gni8 d in t!is /urisdi'ti#n t!at -! r a '#m"( : 'rim is '!arg d and t! vid n' &ai(s t# su""#rt t! '!arg as t# #n #& t! '#m"#n nt #&& ns s t! d & ndant 'an ) '#nvi't d #& t! #t! r, %! m r 'ir'umstan' t!at t! t-# 'rim s ar s# r (at d as t# '#nstitut #n transa'ti#n in n# -a* a&& 'ts t! "rin'i"( s #& "( ading inv#(v d in t! 'as , %# " rmit a d & ndant t# ) '#nvi't d u"#n a '!arg #& r#))ing #n " rs#n -! n t! "r##& s!#-s t!at ! r#)) d an ntir (* di&& r nt " rs#n, -! n t! &irst -as n#t "r s nt, is vi#(ativ #& t! rudim ntar* "rin'i"( s #& "( ading; and in additi#n, is su)/ 't t# t! 'riti'ism t!at t! d & ndant is t! r )* "(a' d in a "#siti#n -! r ! '#u(d

PEOPLE v GUE>ARRA 192 SCRA 940 PA;I??AC ; ' m) r 4, 1282

NATURE Aut#mati' R vi FACTS $1n #r a)#ut A"ri( 8, 1280, in Ga"an, Nu va 7'i/a, s v ra( arm d m n nam (* +aim Gu varra * Ar' ga, P#n'ing A) rgas, ;an %#( ntin#, Ba(d# d + sus, R#ming ?#ng!air, B#* %a , B#* P#gi, C!#ts ;# a(ias B rna) Su(a*)ar * 4 rnand 8, and @ rg ( Bustamant a(ias R;an Sa.sa.R, nt r d t! !#us #& t! s"s Cru8 and r#)) d t! m #& P3000 and / - (r*, %! r a&t r, ?uisit# Cru8 -as t!r at n d )* t! m n and &#r' d t# giv t! . *s t# !is 'ar )* @ rg ( Bustamant , %! m m) rs #& t! !#us !#(d - r t! n mad t# nt r a r##m and - r ti d, A&t r t! r#)) r*, Pris'i((a Cru8 -as &#r'i)(* )#ard d in ! r #-n 'ar )* 5 #& ! r .idna"" rs -! r s! -as ! (d at .ni& and gun"#int, S! -as t! n t#(d s! -as ) ing ! (d &#r rans#m #& P50. )ut t! * !ad t# st#" in San Ra&a ( Bu(u'an t# !ir a tru'. ) 'aus t! 'ar )r#. d#-n, 4#- v r, s! -as ( &t at @a( n8u (a Bu(a'an as t! m n said t! .idna""ing Adid n#t mat ria(i8 B, %! &iv m n t! n )#ard d a ta:i and t! tru'. driv r (at r t##. ! r !#m , 1n t! sam nig!t, ?uisit# r "#rt d t! in'id nt -!i'! ( d t# t! d t nti#n #& @ rg ( Bustamant -!# -as "#sitiv (* id nti&i d )* Pris'i((a, $Bustamant d ni d t! a(( gati#ns and int r"#s d t! d & ns #& a(i)i, '(aiming t# ) in Ca(##'an at t! tim #& t! 'rim , 4is d & ns -as r / 't d '#nsid ring t! "r#:imit* #& Ga"an and Ca(##'an and sin' -itn ss s !ad "#sitiv (* id nti&i d !im, $A&t r a s "arat tria( &#r P#n'ing A) rgas and @ rg ( Bustamant a(ias R;an Sa.sa.,R inasmu'! as ;an %#( ntin#, -!# !ad "r vi#us(* nt r d #& "( a #& Rn#t gui(t*R '#u(d n#t ) s rv d -it! su)"# nas, and t! #t! r a''us d - r r "#rt d t# !av di d, /udgm nt -as r nd r d &inding t! a''us d @ rg ( Bustamant a(ias R;an Sa.sa.R gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& Sidna""ing and S ri#us I(( ga( ; t nti#n and s nt n' d t# su&& r t! d at! " na(t*, and t# ind mni&* t! #&& nd d "art*, >rs, Pris'i((a Cru8, in t! am#unt #& P5,000,00, %! a''us d P#n'ing A) rgas, u"#n t! #t! r !and, -as a'3uitt d #& t! '!arg , 4 n' , t!is a"" a(,

US v LAHOYLAHOY ,02 MADANLOG

Criminal Procedure
n#t ) "r#t 't d &r#m a &utur "r#s 'uti#n )* a "( a #& &#rm r '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta(, I& - s!#u(d '#nvi't #r a'3uit t! s d & ndants t#da* #& t! r#)) r* -!i'! is a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d u"#n t! "r#" rt* #& R#man 7stri)a, it is " r& 't(* '( ar t!at t! * '#u(d ) "r#s 'ut d t#m#rr#- &#r r#)) r* '#mmitt d u"#n t! "r#" rt* #& +uana; and t! "( a #& &#rm r / #"ard* -#u(d ) #& n# avai(, $ In t! (ig!t #& -!at !as ) n said it is vid nt t!at, )* r as#n #& t! (a'. #& '#n&#rmit* ) t- n t! a(( gati#n and t! "r##& r s" 'ting t! #-n rs!i" #& t! "r#" rt*, it is im"#ssi)( t# '#nvi't t! t-# a''us d #& t! #&& ns #& r#)) r* '#mmitt d )* t! m in t!is 'as ; and t! r &#r t! * 'ann#t ) '#nvi't d #& t! '#m"( : #&& ns #& r#)) r* -it! !#mi'id , 4157@7R, t! a''us d - r s nt n' d )* t! Su"r m C#urt &#r &#ur s "arat !#mi'id s,

a2010 page 12
#r )(unt - a"#n su'! as Q&an .ni& ,Q Qs" ar,Q Qdagg r,Q Q)#(#,Q Q)a(is#ng,Q Q)ar#ng,Q Q.ris,Q #r '(u), :' "t -! r su'! arti'( s ar ) ing us d as n ' ssar* t##(s #r im"( m nts t# arn a (iv (i!##d and -!i( ) ing us d in '#nn 'ti#n t! r -it!; and an* " rs#n &#und gui(t* t! r #& s!a(( su&& r t! " na(t* #& im"ris#nm nt ranging &r#m &iv t# t n * ars as a >i(itar* C#urtM%ri)una(MC#mmissi#n ma* dir 't,= $P titi#n r0s C#nt nti#nC <1= Par 3, P; 2 s!#-s t!at t! "r#!i)it d a'ts n d n#t ) r (at d t# t! su)v rsiv a'tiviti s; t!at t! a't "r#s'ri) d is ss ntia((* ma(um "r#!i)itum " na(i8 d &#r r as#ns #& "u)(i' "#(i'*; <3= t!at sin' it is ma(um "r#!i)itum, t! int nti#n #& t! a''us d -!# '#mmits it is immat ria(; <4= t!at P; -as na't d t# radi'at (a-( ss vi#( n' -!i'! '!ara't ri8 d "r $martia( (a- da*s; and <5= t!at the real nature of the criminal charge is determined not from the caption or preamble of the information nor from the specification of the provision of law alleged to have been violated but b' the actual recital of facts in the complaint or information. ISSUE 51N t! In&#rmati#ns &i( d )* t! P #"( su&&i'i nt in &#rm and su)stan' t# '#nstitut t! #&& ns #& AI(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& ; ad(* 5 a"#nB " na(i8 d und r P; 2 HELD N1, %! t-# ( m nts #& t! #&& ns '#v r d )* P,;, 2<3= must be alleged in the information in order that the latter ma' constitute a sufficientl' valid charged. Ratio# %! su&&i'i n'* #& an In&#rmati#n is d t rmin d s#( (* )* t! &a'ts a(( g d t! r in, 5! r t! &a'ts ar in'#m"( t and d# n#t '#nv * t! ( m nts #& t! 'rim , t! 3uas!ing #& t! a''usati#n is in #rd r, $ It is a '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& an' person who stands charged in a criminal prosecution to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, Reasoning# %! #&& ns 'arri s t-# ( m ntsC &irst, t! 'arr*ing #utsid #n Qs r sid n' #& an* )(ad d, )(unt, #r "#int d - a"#n, t', n#t us d as a n ' ssar* t##( #r im"( m nt &#r a (iv (i!##d; and s '#nd t!at t! a't #& 'arr*ing t! - a"#n -as it! r in &urt! ran' #&, #r t# a) t, #r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! su)v rsi#n, r ) ((i#n, insurr 'ti#n, (a-( ss vi#( n' , 'rimina(it*, '!a#s, #r "u)(i' dis#rd r, %! r ar #t! r statut s <S7C%I1N 26 1F AC% N1, 1980, 1R;INANC7 N1, 3820 1F %47 CI%6 1F >ANI?A < -!i'! ma* ) '!arg d against t! a''us d &#r t! ir a'ts t# '#nstitut a 'rim , It is t! s '#nd ( m nt -!i'! *%/$v%- '(% ,.' $& .,**y+09 , 2%,2ly ?%,)$0, i& '#n' a( d, #utsid #& t! s'#" #& t! statut #r t! 'it* #rdinan' m nti#n d a)#v , In #t! r -#rds( a simple act of carr'ing an' of the weapons described in the presidential decree is not a criminal offense in itself. /hat makes the act criminal or punishable under the decree is the motivation behind it. /ithout that motivation& the act fans within the purview of the cit' ordinance or some statute when the circumstances so warrant. -1N SKFFICI7NC6 1F %47 INF1R>A%I1NC &#r a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n t# ) su&&i'i nt it must, int r a(ia, stat t! d signati#n #& t! #&& ns )* t! statut , and t! a'ts #r #missi#ns '#m"(ain d #& as '#nstituting t! #&& ns , %!is is ss ntia( t# av#id sur"ris #n t! a''us d and t# a&&#rd !im t! #""#rtunit* t# "r "ar !is d & ns a''#rding(*, *t is necessar'

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

that the particular la" violated !e speci ied as there e$ists a su!stantial di erence !et"een the statute and city ordinance on the one hand and P#D# * &9' on the other regarding the circumstances o the commission o the crime and the penalty imposed or the o ense#0P; 2 "unis! s t! #&& nd r -it! 5$10 *rs im"ris#nm nt; S '26, A't 1980 -it! a &in #& P500 #r )* im"ris#nm nt n#t :' ding 6 m#nt!s #r )#t!; 1rdinan' 3820 -it! a &in #& n#t m#r t!an P200 #r im"ris#nm nt &#r n#t m#r t!an 1 m#nt! #r )#t!=, But sin' it -as s" 'i&i d in t! In&#rmati#ns t!at t! a''us d - r '!arg d -it! vi#(ati#n #& Par3, P; 2, it -as n ' ssar* &#r t! C#urt t# (u'idat t! ( m nts #& t! said P; t# di&& r ntiat it &r#m #t! r statut s <s a)#v = N t! r st #& t! dis'ussi#n -as #n t! int nt #& t! P;C t# /usti&* t! ir d 'isi#n t!at Par3 s!#u(d ) int r"r t d -it! t! 5! r as '(aus , $ there e+ists a valid presumption that undesirable conse$uences were never intended b' a legislative measure& and that a construction of which the statute is fairl' susceptable is favored& which will avoid all objectionable& mischievous& indefensible& wrongful& evil& and injurious conse$uences. It is t# ) "r sum d t!at -! n P,;, 2 -as "r#mu(gat d )* t! Pr sid nt #& t! R "u)(i' t! r -as n# int nt t# -#r. a !ards!i" #r an #""r ssiv r su(t, a "#ssi)( a)us #& aut!#rit* #r a't #& #""r ssi#n, arming #n " rs#n -it! a - a"#n t# im"#s !ards!i" #n an#t! r, and s# #n, P%0,l -','u'%- ,*% '$ @% .$0-'*u%2 -'*+.'ly ,9,+0-' '(% -','% ,02 l+@%*,lly +0 &,v$* $& ,0 ,..u-%2# -1N 1%47R R7>7;I7S 1F %47 P71P?7C Knd r Ru( 119, S ' 9 and Ru( 110, S ' 13, In&#rmati#n ma* ) am nd d #r #rd r d )* t! '#urt t# ) am nd d, 1r, t! P #"( '#u(d !av &i( d a '#m"(aint it! r und r S ' 26 #& A't 1980 #r und r >ani(a Cit* 1rdinan' 3820 sin' m#st #& t! 'as s - r dismiss d "ri#r t# arraignm nt #& t! a''us d and #n a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, Dispositive, 547R7F1R7, 5 ;7N6 t! s 26 P titi#ns &#r R vi - and 5 AFFIR> t! 1rd rs #& r s"#nd nt +udg s dismissing #r 3uas!ing t! In&#rmati#n '#n' rn d, su)/ 't !#- v r t# 1ur #)s rvati#ns mad in t! "r ' ding "ag s 23 t# 25 #& t!is ; 'isi#n r garding t! rig!t #& t! Stat #r P titi#n r ! r in t# &i( it! r an am nd d In&#rmati#n und r Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 2, "aragra"! 3, #r a n - #n und r #t! r :isting statut #r 'it* #rdinan' as t! &a'ts ma* -arrant, 5it!#ut '#sts, S1 1R;7R7;,

PEOPLE v PURISIMA 86 SCRA 542 >KN1L$PA?>A; N#v m) r 20, 1298

NATURE P titi#ns &#r r vi - <26 " titi#ns '#ns#(idat d= #& t! d 'isi#ns #& t! C#urts #& First #& >ani(a and Samar, FACTS $%! "rivat r s"#nd nts - r a(( '!arg d -it! i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& d ad(* - a"#ns <#n <1= 'arving .ni& -it! a )(ad 1M2 in'! s and a -##d n !and( #& 5$1M4 in'! s, #r an #v ra(( ( ngt! #& 11$3M4 in'! s in t! In&#rmati#n &i( d -it! +,Purisima; i' "i'. -it! an #v ra(( ( ngt! #& a)#ut 8 1M2 in'! s in t! In&#rmati#n &i( d -it! +, >a' r n; s#'*atan in t! In&#rmati#n &i( d -it! +, P#(#= in vi#(ati#n #& P; 2, Par, 3, In&#rmati#ns - r &i( d -it! r s"#nd nt /udg s in t! ir r s" 'tiv '#urts <2 Bran'! s #& CFI, t! n CFI Samar= )ut u"#n m#ti#n t# 3uas! &i( d )* t! s v ra( a''us d, t! said /udg s dismiss d t! In&#rmati#ns #n t! '#mm#n gr#und t!at t! said In&#rmati#ns did n#t a(( g &a'ts -!i'! '#nstitut t! #&& ns " na(i8 d )* P; 20 N &ai( d t# stat 1 #& t! 2 ss ntia( ( m nts #& t! 'rim "unis! d <the carr'ing outside of the accused.s residence of a bladed& pointed or blunt weapon is in furtherance or on the occasion of& connected with or related to subversion& insurrection& or rebellion& organi"ed lawlessness or public disorder#' ) In t! 2 'as s &i( d ) &#r t! di&& r nt )ran'! s #& CFI >ani(a, '(% $*2%*- $& 2+-/+--,l ?%*% 9+v%0 @%&$*% ,**,+90/%0' $& '(% ,..u-%2# In t! 'rimina( 'as ) &#r t! CFI Samar t! a''us d -as arraign d )ut at t! sam tim m#v d t# 3uas! t! In&#rmati#n, In a(( t! 'as s -! r t! a''us d - r und r arr st, t! t!r +udg s #rd r d t! ir imm diat r ( as un( ss ! (d #n #t! r '!arg s, $1N P; 2C%4IS CAS7 IN@1?@7S %47 IN%7RPR7%A%I1N AN; %47 7JP?ANA%I1N 1F %47 IN%7N% 1F %4IS P,;, %! " rtin nt "aragra"!s #& t! said P; is its A5! r asB '(aus <R547R7AS, su)v rsi#n, r ) ((i#n, insurr 'ti#n, (a-( ss vi#( n' , 'rimina(it*, '!a#s and "u)(i' dis#rd r m nti#n d in t! a&#r said Pr#'(amati#n N#, 1081 ar '#mmitt d and a) tt d )* t! us #& &ir arms, :"(#siv s and #t! r d ad(* - a"#nsB= and "ar3 <It is un(a-&u( t# 'arr* #utsid #& r sid n' an* )(ad d, "#int d

PEOPLE v FERNANDEZ 183 SCRA 511 PA;I??A; >ar'! 22, 1220

NATURE A"" a( &r#m CFI Pangasinan d 'isi#n FACTS $ Crimina( '#m"(aint &i( d ) &#r t! CFI a(( g d t!at t! a''us d, '#ns"iring and mutua((* ! ("ing #n an#t! r, !ad s :ua( int r'#urs -it! t! 15$*r #(d R ) ''a S1RIAN1, )* m ans #& &#r' and intimidati#n, Assist d )* '#uns (, t! a''us d F7RNAN;7L and C1NRA;1 "( ad d n#t gui(t* #n arraignm nt and und r- nt tria(, $ R7B7CCA is % #&i(# >a(#ng0s !#us ! (" r, At r s! !ad /ust ta. n a )at! and sti(( na. d, t! t-# a''us d, )#t! in s!#rt "ants, surr "titi#us(* nt r d t! )at!r##m and s :ua((* a)us d ! r, F rnand 8 t! n g#t a

Criminal Procedure
!and&u( #& mud n ar t! )at!r##m and "(a' d it #n ! r vagina, S! ran t# t! u"" r &(##r #& t! !#us t# r "#rt t! tragi' in'id nt t# Am (ita, % #&i(#0s daug!t r, $ %71FI?1 stat d t!at u"#n ) ing in&#rm d t!at !is !#us maid R ) ''a -as ra" d )* t! a''us d, t! * a(( "r#' d d t# t! #&&i' #& t! INP P#(i' Stati#n #& >a(asi3ui t# r "#rt t! 'rim and !ad R ) ''a "!*si'a((* :amin d in t!at sam a&t rn##n, $ In d & ns , t! 2 d ni d an* inv#(v m nt in t! #&& ns , )#t! '(aiming t! * - r n#-! r at t! s' n #& t! 'rim -! n it -as '#mmitt d, $ C1* decision 7a'! #& t! a''us d >7?OKIA;7S F7RNAN;7L and F7;7RIC1 C1NRA;1 is guilt' ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t-# 'rim s #& ra" , aggravat d )* 'ru (t* #r ign#min*, C#urt s nt n' s each #& t! m t# su&& r 2 " na(ti s #& d at!, $ Appeal before !CC %! a''us d &i( d t!is a"" a( t# r du' " na(t* &r#m d at! t# r '(usi#n " r" tua, 4#- v r, in (ig!t #& t! 1289 C#nsti s" 'i&i'a((* S ' 12<1=, Art III, und r -!i'! a d at! " na(t* a(r ad* im"#s d is r du' d t# reclusion perpetua, F rnand 8 -it!dr - !is a"" a(, %! (#n a"" ((ant t! r &#r is C#nrad# -!# insists #n !is a"" a(, n#t-it!standing t! advi' #& !is '#uns ( de officio t# dis'#ntinu , ISSUES 1, 51N CFI rr d in '#nvi'ting t! m &#r 2 'rim s #& ra" 2, 51N CFI rr d in !#(ding t!at t! ra" -as att nd d )* t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' #& 'ru (t* #r ign#min* 3, 51N CFI rr d in s nt n'ing a'! t# su&& r 2 " na(ti s #& d at! HELD 1, N1 Ratio %! im"#siti#n #n a'! #& t! a''us d #& t! " na(t* '#rr s"#nding t# 2 'rim s #& ra" is "r#" r, ) 'aus #& t! :ist n' #& '#ns"ira'*, In mu(ti"( ra" , a'! d & ndant is r s"#nsi)( not onl' for the rape personall' committed b' him& but also for the rape committed b' the others, ) 'aus a'! #& t! m '##" rat d in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! ra" " r" trat d )* t! #t! rs, )* a'ts -it!#ut -!i'! it -#u(d n#t !av ) n a''#m"(is! d, Reasoning CFI is a''us d #& vi#(ating t! ru( against du"(i'it* #& #&& ns s in t!at, t! a''us d - r '#nvi't d &#r 2 'rim s #& ra" v n -! n und r t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint against t! m, t! r is #n(* 1 'rim #& ra" a(( g d, %! ru( inv#. d is S ' 13, Ru( 110 #& t! R1C -!i'! stat s t!at t! r s!#u(d ) #n(* 1 #&& ns '!arg d in a 'rimina( '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, t! "ur"#s #& -!i'! is t# a&&#rd t! d & ndant a n ' ssar* .n#-( dg #& t! '!arg s# t!at ! ma* n#t ) '#n&us d in !is d & ns , <a= BK% it is (i. -is t! ru( t!at i& v r du"(i'it* #& #&& ns s is '#mmitt d, t! sam '#nstitut s a gr#und &#r a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! '#m"(aint; &ai(ur #& t! a''us d t# int r"#s t! #)/ 'ti#n '#nstitut s -aiv r, N it! r 'an ! '(aim t!at ! -as d ni d in&#rmati#n t!at ! -as t# ) tri d &#r t-# 'rim s, %! a'ts '#m"(ain d #& - r stat d in #rdinar* and '#n'is (anguag t!at an* " rs#n #& '#mm#n int ((ig n' -#u(d ) a)( t# und rstand and t! r )* .n#- -!at a'ts ! -as t# d & nd !ims (& against, <)= As '( ar(* &#und )* t! tria( '#urtC AB#t! a''us d !av , #)vi#us(*, conspired and '#n& d rat d t# '#mmit t! 'rim , '#nsid ring t!at t! * nt r d t! )at!r##m -! r R ) ''a -as, t#g t! r and at t! same time, A''us d F rnand 8 t! n ti d ! r -it! a "i ' #& '(#t! tightl' around her neck, -!i( a''us d C#nrad# held her hands "(a'ing t! m ) !ind ! r

a2010 page 13
)#d*, %! n a&t r F rnand 8 !ad ra" d R ) ''a, C#nrad# ra" d ! r, B#t! &( d &r#m t! s' n #& t! 'rim t#g t! r and at t! sam tim ,B 2, N1 ) A""r 'iating t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' #& ign#min* is '#rr 't ) 'aus #& t! gr at r " rv rsit* dis"(a* d )* t! #&& nd rs, %! a't #& R"(ast ringR mud #n t! vi'timQs vagina rig!t a&t r s! -as ra" d is ad 3uat (* d s'ri) d as Rign#min*R <rat! r t!an Acruelt' or ignomin'B= 3, N1 $ %! #rigina( d at! s nt n' -as '#rr 't(* im"#s dC Art 335 RPC stat s t!at -! n t! 'rim #& ra" is '#mmitt d )* 2 #r m#r " rs#ns, t! " na(t* s!a(( ) reclusion perpetua t# d at!; Art 63 RPC stat s t!at -! n t! " na(t* "r s'ri) d is '#m"#s d #& 2 indivisi)( " na(ti s and t! #&& ns is att nd d )* an aggravating 'ir'umstan' , t! gr at r " na(t* s!a(( ) a""(i d, $ 4#- v r, sin' t! #rigina( d at! " na(ti s im"#s d )* t! tria( '#urt ar n# (#ng r im"#sa)( und r t! "r s nt C#nstituti#n and ar r du' d t# reclusion perpetua, t! s nt n' #n a"" ((ant C#nrad# !as t# ) r du' d t# 2 " na(ti s #& reclusion perpetua, But t! ind mnit* ! !as t# "a* t# t! vi'tim must ) in'r as d t# P20% in (in -it! "r vai(ing /uris"rud n' , Dispositive A"" a( !as n# m rit, ; 'isi#n a&&irm d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

ISSUE 51N t! a"" ((ants ma* ) "r#" r(* '#nvi't d #& murd r, &rustrat d murd r and att m"t d murd r und r an In&#rmati#n t!at '!arg s t! m -it! 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms us d in murd r in vi#(ati#n #& S 'ti#n 1 #& "r sid ntia( ; 'r <P,;,= N#, 1866, as am nd d, HELD 67S $ At t! tim t! tria( '#urt "r#mu(gat d its /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n in S "t m) r 1220, it !ad a(r ad* ) n si: <6= m#nt!s sin' t! C#urt ! (d in People v. Tac)an t!at t! un(a-&u( "#ss ssi#n #& an un(i' ns d &ir arm #r ammuniti#n, -! t! r #r n#t !#mi'id #r murd r r su(t d &r#m its us , #n #n !and, and murd r #r !#mi'id , #n t! #t! r, ar #&& ns s di&& r nt and s "arat &r#m and ind " nd nt #&, a'! #t! r, 5!i( t! &#rm r is "unis! d und r a s" 'ia( (a-, t! (att r is " na(i8 d und r t! R vis d P na( C#d , C#ns 3u nt(*, t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r #n -i(( n#t )ar "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! #t! r, and d#u)( / #"ard* -i(( n#t (i , $ S ', 4, Ru( 120 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt "r#vid s t!at an a''us d ma* n#t ) '#nvi't d #& an #&& ns #t! r t!an t!at -it! -!i'! ! is '!arg d in t! In&#rmati#n, un( ss su'! #t! r #&& ns -as )#t! sta)(is! d )* vid n' and is in'(ud d in t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! In&#rmati#n, Sin' murd r #r !#mi'id n it! r in'(ud s #r is n ' ssari(* in'(ud d in 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms us d in murd r #r !#mi'id , t! tria( '#urt ma* n#t va(id(* '#nvi't an a''us d &#r t! &#rm r 'rim und r an In&#rmati#n '!arging t! (att r #&& ns , C#nv rs (*, an a''us d '!arg d in t! In&#rmati#n -it! !#mi'id #r murd r ma* n#t ) '#nvi't d #& 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms us d in murd r #r !#mi'id , &#r t! (att r is n#t in'(ud d in t! &#rm r, $Furt! r, a signi&i'ant '!ang -as intr#du' d t# S ', 1 #& P,;, N#, 1866 )* R "u)(i' A't <R,A,= N#, 8224, su'! t!at n#-, -! r an a''us d us s an un(i' ns d &ir arm in '#mmitting !#mi'id #r murd r, ! ma* n# (#ng r ) '!arg d -it! -!at us d t# ) t! t-# s "arat #&& ns s #& !#mi'id #r murd r und r t! R vis d P na( C#d and 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms us d in !#mi'id #r murd r und r P,;, N#, 1866, $As am nd d )* R,A, N#, 8224, P,;, N#, 1866 n#- mandat s t!at t! a''us d -i(( ) "r#s 'ut d #n(* &#r t! 'rim #& !#mi'id #r murd r -it! t! &a't #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms ) ing r ( gat d t# a m r s" 'ia( aggravating 'ir'umstan' , $ %! In&#rmati#n '!arging a"" ((ants -it! Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r, vi#(at s S ', 1 #& P,;, N#, 1866, as am nd d )* R,A, N#, 8224, -!i'! #)(it rat d t! n#- #)s#( t '#n' "t #& 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms #r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms in its aggravat d &#rm, i,e,, -! r t! " na(t* &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n is in'r as d t# reclusion perpetua #r d at! )* t! att ndan' #& !#mi'id #r murd r, In &a't, 3ua(i&i d i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms, -!i'! us d t# ) a distin't #&& ns , n# (#ng r :ists in #ur statut )##.s, $ 5! t! r '#nsid r d in t! (ig!t #& #ur ru(ing in %a'$an and its "r#g n* #& 'as s #r in t! '#nt :t #& t! am ndm nts intr#du' d )* R,A, N#, 8224 t# P,;, N#, 1866, t! In&#rmati#n '!arging a"" ((ants -it! Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r, is d & 'tiv , and t! ir '#nvi'ti#n &#r >urd r, Frustrat d >urd r and Att m"t d >urd r, is irr gu(ar, - 4#- v r, su'! d & 't in t! In&#rmati#n and t! irr gu(ar '#nvi'ti#n #& a"" ((ants, d# s n#t inva(idat t! 'rimina( "r#' dings !ad in t! tria( '#urt ) 'aus t! a"" ((ants -aiv d t! ir rig!t t# 3uas! t! In&#rmati#n,

PEOPLE v LUMILAN 323 SCRA 190 ;7 ?71N; +un 25, 2000

NATURE A"" a( &r#m a d 'isi#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& I(agan, Isa) (a FACTS $ R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <R%C= #& I(agan, Isa) (a, &#und a''us d$a"" ((ants ? #n ?umi(an and Ant#ni# Gar'ia gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t!r <3= '#unts #& murd r, t-# <2= '#unts #& &rustrat d murd r, and t!r <3= '#unts #& att m"t d murd r, und r an In&#rmati#n '!arging t! m and a''us d Fr d 1r)is# -it! t! 'rim #& Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r, in vi#(ati#n #& Pr sid ntia( ; 'r <P,;,= N#, 1866, $ %! vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n r v a(s t!at in t! ar(* v ning #& 1't#) r 12, 1289, > (it#n Asun'i#n, >#d st# R#3u , 7(i#ng d (a Cru8, + rr* Pa(#m#, Sim #n Pa'an#, B nit# A(#n8#, N#(as'# 7strada, >ari# Pa(#m# and R#m # Pa'!# - r drin.ing (i3u#r insid t! !#us #& P#(i'ar"i# Pa(#m# -! n it -as s"ra* d -it! )u(( ts, %! su'' ssiv guns!#ts manat d &r#m t! & n' a)#ut si: <6= m t rs a-a* &r#m -! r t! * - r drin.ing, .i((ing > (it#n Asun'i#n, >#d st# R#gu , and 7(i#ng d (a Cru8 and s ri#us(* -#unding + rr* Pa(#m#, Sim #n Pa'an#, N#(as'# 7strada, >ari# Pa(#m# and R#m # Pa'!#, $ K"#n ) ing arraign d, )#t! ?umi(an and Gar'ia nt r d t! "( a #& n#t gui(t*, and during tria(, t! * int r"#s d t! d & ns #& a(i)i, $ A&t r an ass ssm nt #& t! vid n' , t! tria( '#urt d '(ar d t!at n# "r##& ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t -as addu' d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n t# /usti&* t! '#nvi'ti#n #& a"" ((ants &#r Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r, 4#- v r, t! tria( '#urt '#nvi't d t! a"" ((ants &#r >urd r, Frustrat d >urd r and Att m"t d >urd r, $ A"" ((ants &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -!i'! -as, !#- v r, d ni d $ 4 n' , t! instant a"" a(,

Criminal Procedure
and t! * && 'tiv (* d & nd d t! ms (v s against t! '!arg s &#r murd r, &rustrat d murd r and att m"t d murd r, $ 5!i( t! In&#rmati#n s" 'i&i'a((* stat s t!at a"" ((ants ar ) ing a''us d #& t! 'rim #& Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r in vi#(ati#n #& P,;, N#, 1866, its t :t is s# -#rd d t!at it d s'ri) s at ( ast t!r <3= 'rim sC i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms, murd r, and att m"t dM&rustrat d murd r, - T(% I0&$*/,'+$0 +- u02%0+,@ly 2u)l+.+'$u-# S%.# 4B, Rul% 44 $& '(% R%v+-%2 Rul%- $& C$u*' )*$v+2%- '(,' , .$/)l,+0' $* +0&$*/,'+$0 /u-' .(,*9% @u' $0% $&&%0-%, %C.%)' $0ly +0 .,-%- ?(%*% '(% l,? )*%-.*+@%- , -+09l% )u0+-(/%0' &$* v,*+$u- $&&%0-%-# Du)l+.+'y $* /ul'+)l+.+'y $& .(,*9%- +- , 9*$u02 &$* , /$'+$0 '$ Du,-( u02%* S%.# 2 :%<, Rul% 445 $& '(% R%v+-%2 Rul%- $& C$u*'# T(% ,..u-%2, ($?%v%*, /,y .($$-% 0$' '$ &+l% , /$'+$0 '$ Du,-( ,02 @% .$0v+.'%2 $& ,/,0y 2+-'+0.' .(,*9%- ,- ,*% ,ll%9%2 +0 '(% +0&$*/,'+$0 ,02 )*$v%2 2u*+09 '(% '*+,l# I0 '(% -,/% v%+0, &,+lu*% '$ +0'%*)$-% ,0y $@8%.'+$0 '$ '(% 2%&%.' +0 '(% +0&$*/,'+$0 .$0-'+'u'%- ?,+v%*# $ In t! instant 'as , a"" ((ant did n#t &i( an* m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! In&#rmati#n, >#r signi&i'ant(*, t! )u(. #& t! vid n' t!at t! * "r s nt d during t! tria( -as int nd d t# dis"r#v t! ir '#m"(i'it* in t! murd r, &rustrat d murd r and att m"t d murd r #& t! vi'tims, $As su'!, a"" ((ants 'ann#t "r t nd t!at t! In&#rmati#n did n#t &u((* a""ris t! m #& t! '!arg s against t! m as t# 'aus t! m sur"ris in t! v nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, %! a"" ((ati#n #& t! 'rim '!arg d as d t rmin d )* t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( ma* n#t :a't(* '#rr s"#nd t# t! a'tua( 'rim s '#nstitut d )* t! 'rimina( a'ts d s'ri) d in t! In&#rmati#n t# !av ) n '#mmitt d )* t! a''us d, )ut -!at '#ntr#(s in t! d s'ri"ti#n #& t! said 'rimina( a'ts and n#t t! t '!ni'a( nam #& t! 'rim su""(i d )* t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a(, Sin' a"" ((ants d & nd d t! ms (v s n#t #n(* against t! #&& ns #& Oua(i&i d I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms Ks d in >urd r as s" 'i&i d in t! In&#rmati#n, )ut a(s#, and m#r s ri#us(* against t! 'rim s #& >urd r, Frustrat d >urd r and Att m"t d >urd r as d s'ri) d in t! )#d* #& t! In&#rmati#n, it 'ann#t ) said t!at t! ir '#nvi'ti#n &#r t! (att r 'rim s is in&irm and inva(id 222Appellants in this case were nonetheless ac$uitted on the ground of reasonable doubt. The constitutional presumption of innocence in favor of the appellants was not over)turned b' the evidence adduced b' the prosecution. The Court entertained doubts as to the prosecution,s witnesses, testimon' that the' were able to identif' the appellants as the authors of the crime considering that it was dark outside& and the onl' source of light were two kerosene lamps inside the house. The' also took note of the fact that Pacano& one of the witnesses& onl' e+ecuted his sworn statement more than five months atfer the incident. Disposition %! d 'isi#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& I(agan, Isa) (a is R7@7RS7; and S7% ASI;7, %! a''us d$a"" ((ants, ? #n ?umi(an and Ant#ni# Gar'ia, ar ! r )* ACOKI%%7; #n t! gr#und t!at t! ir a(( g d gui(t -as n#t "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t,

a2010 page 14
C rti#rari t# nu((i&* t! /udgm nt #& r s"#nd nt C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a(, Bran'! JJ@I, in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2552, 2553 and 2554, im"#sing u"#n t! a''us d Crisant# >ati(d , +r, * Cru8, &#r t! 'rim #& sim"( t! &t, t! " na(t* "r s'ri) d in Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133 <-!i'! im"#s s a ! avi r " na(t*= inst ad #& t!at im"#s d )* Arti'( 302, "aragra"! 3, #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , FACTS $ An Assistant Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #& Ri8a( &i( d t!r in&#rmati#ns in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2552, 2553 and 2554 against Crisant# >ati(d , +r, * Cru8, Patri'i# Guiru (a * ?una, Ri'ard# A) n r * San Pas'ua(, 7dgard# Ca" * Ati n8a, S rvand# Ca("# * Ca)a(( r#, and Ir n # B (v r * Ba( , In t!r 'rimina( 'as s, r s"#nd nt '#urt im"#s d u"#n " titi#n r, &#r t! 'rim #& sim"( t! &t, t! " na(t* "r s'ri) d in Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133, inst ad #& t!at im"#s d )* Arti'( 302, "aragra"! 3, #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , %! in&#rmati#n '!arg d t!at " titi#n r and !is '#$a''us d, ) ing t! n (a)#r rs, '#ns"ir d and '#n& d rat d -it!, and mutua((* aid d #n an#t! r, -it! int nt #& gain and -it!#ut .n#-( dg and '#ns nt #& t! ir m"(#* r, in st a(ing t! arti'( s m nti#n d t! r in ) (#nging t# t! ir m"(#* r, A(t!#ug! t! "r am)( #& said in&#rmati#ns stat d t!at " titi#n r -as '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& sim"( t! &t Rin r (ati#n t# Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133,R n#-! r -as it a(( g d in t! )#d* #& said in&#rmati#n t!at t! arti'( s st#( n - r mat ria(s #r "r#du'ts -!i'! " titi#n r -as R-#r.ing #n, #r using #r "r#du'ingR as m"(#* #r (a)#r r #& t! '#m"(ainant, as "r#vid d &#r in Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133, 7:' "t &#r t! dat s #& '#mmissi#n and t! am#unts inv#(v d, t! a&#r said t!r <3= in&#rmati#ns uni&#rm(* stat d t!at said a''us d - r '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& 3ua(i&i d t! &t, in r (ati#n t# Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133, '#mmitt d as &#((#-sC R%!at #n #r a)#ut t! 14t! da* #& N#v m) r, 1293 in t! >uni'i"a(it* #& Pasig, Pr#vin' #& Ri8a(, P!i(i""in s, and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v $nam d a''us d, ) ing t! n (a)#r rs -#r.ing at t! >ar. s Agr#$C! mi'a( 7nt r"ris s, '#ns"iring and '#n& d rating t#g t! r -it! #n R nat# >atut# * Ann, -!# is sti(( at (arg , a(( #& t! m mutua((* ! ("ing and aiding #n an#t! r, -it! int nt #& gain, grav a)us #& '#n&id n' , and -it!#ut t! .n#-( dg and '#ns nt #& t! said &irm, its Pr sid nt and G n ra( >anag r, >ar'ian# S, 7s"iritu, did t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* ta. , st a( and 'arr* a-a* t! &#((#-ing, t# -itC , , ,R $ 5! n t! in&#rmati#ns - r am nd d &r#m Oua(i&i d %! &t t# Sim"( t! &t and d ( ting &r#m t! )#d* #& In&#rmati#n t! "!ras AGrav a)us #& '#n&id n' B, >ati(d "( ad d GKI?%6 )ut t! C#urt im"#s d t! " na(t* und r P; 133 and n#t t!#s )* Arti'( 302 <3= #& t! RPC, Fr#m t!is d 'isi#n, >ati(d s#ug!t &r#m t! C#urt a 3u# a r '#nsid rati#n '#nt nding t!at in t! a)s n' #& an* a(( gati#n in t! )#d* #& in&#rmati#n a(( ging s" 'i&i'a((* a(( t! ( m nts #& t! #&& ns d &in d and " na(i8 d und r P;, 133, ! 'ann#t ) '#nvi' t d and " na(i8 d und r t! a&#r said d 'r , ISSUE 51N t! in&#rmati#n t!at t! a''us d is '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& sim"( t! &t Ain r (ati#n t# P; 133B su&&i' s HELD N1

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ %! Su"r m C#urt grant d t! -rit #& ' rti#rari and s t asid t! /udgm nt, and dir 't d t!at an#t! r #n ) r nd r d, It ! (d t!at sin' t! #)/ 'tiv #& Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133 is t# "(a' a str#ng d t rr nt #n -#r. rs &r#m sa)#taging t! "r#du'tiv &&#rts #& t! industr* -! r t! * ar m"(#* d, it is ss ntia(, t# 3ua(i&* t! #&& ns and t# /usti&* t! im"#siti#n #& t! ! avi r " na(t* "r s'ri) d )* said ; 'r , t!at t! in&#rmati#n s!#u(d av r t!at t! arti'( s st#( n - r mat ria(s #r "r#du'ts -!i'! t! a''us d -as R-#r.ing #n #r using #r "r#du'ing,R and t!at a stat m nt in t! "r am)( #& t! in&#rmati#n t!at t! a''us d is '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& sim"( t! &t Rin r (ati#n t# Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 133,R d# s n#t su&&i' &#r t! "ur"#s nvisi#n d )* t! '#nstituti#na( guarant t!at t! a''us d s!#u(d ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, %! Su"r m C#urt said t!at t! a""r#"riat " na(t* is t!at und r Arti'( 302 <3= #& t! RPC$"risi#n '#rr ''i#na( in its minimum and m dium " ri#ds i& va(u #& "r#" rt* st#( n is m#r t!an 200 " s#s )ut d# s n#t :' d 6,000 " s#s, But -it! t! mitigating "( a #& gui(t*, " na(t* is in its minimum " ri#d,

BALITAAN v CFI :DE LOS REYES< 115 SCRA 922, GK7RR7R1; +u(* 30, 1282
FACTS $ ?u8 Ba(itaan #-ns a )a)* dr ss s m nding s!#", Rita d (#s R * s is t! manag r #& ! r )usin ss, $ ?u8, t!ru S" 'ia( C#uns ( Agui(a, &i( d -it! t! >%C #& Bauan, Batangas an In&#rmati#n '!arging Rita #& t! 'rim #& sta&a, %! in&#rmati#n '#ntains t!at Rita misa""r#"riat d P129,58, t!r#ug! grav a)us #& '#n&id n' , d s"it #& r " at d d mands #& ?u8, <S #rigina( &#r :a't -#rding #& In&#rmati#n,= $ ;uring tria( at t! >%C, ?u8 t sti&i d t!at Rita d (iv r d t! )a)* dr ss s t# Kni-ar , and &#r t!is s! <Rita= #)tain d 3 '! '.s t#ta(ing P1,632,29, A 'as! v#u'! r vid n'ing t! r ' i"t #& said am#unt -as nt r d int# vid n' , %! (a-* r &#r t! d & ns m#v dC <1= t# stri. t! t stim#ni s -it! r gard t# t! v#u'! r vid n' #n t! gr#und t!at said t stim#ni s ar at varian' -it! t! a(( gati#ns in t! in&#rmati#n, t!at t! r is n# a(( gati#n in t! in&#rmati#n -!ats# v r r garding t! s '! '.s and t!is 'as! v#u'! r; and <2= in t! natur #& an #)/ 'ti#n t# an* #t! r 3u sti#n #r 3u sti#ns r garding t! s '! '.s t!at - r a(( g d(* r ' iv d )* t! ! r in a''us d &r#m t! Kni-ar In'#r"#rat d ) 'aus t! r is n# a(( gati#n in t! in&#rmati#n, %! '#urt #v rru( d su'! #)/ 'ti#ns as t! (a-* r #& t! '#m"(ainant t#(d t! /udg t!at t! vid n' -as "r s nt d t# "r#v t!at t! P129,58 -as misa""r#"riat d &r#m t! P1,632,29, %! t stim#n* t!us '#ntinu d, DIt turns #ut t!at Rita t#(d ?u8 t!at P129,58 -as du a C sar ;a(angin &#r s#m #& t! dr ss s ! mad , ?u8 t! n instru't d Rita t# n'as! t! '! '.s and "a* C sar, Rita gav ?u8 t! n'as! d am#unt minus t!

MATILDE v JABSON 68 SCRA 456 AN%1NI1; ; ' m) r 22, 1295,

NATURE

Criminal Procedure
P129,58, %!r - .s (at r, -! n s! n#ti' d t!at man* )a)* dr ss s - r (#st, s! v ri&i d t! r ' i"ts #& t! "a*m nts, C sar said ! did n#t ma. t! )a)* dr ss s Rita said ! did, and ! didn0t r ' iv t! am#unt <! didn0t v n .n#- Rita=, ?u8 t! n d mand d &r#m Rita t! said am#unt; )ut Rita . "t t! m#n *,E $ %! d & ns t! n &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari in t! CFI #& Batangas against t! >%C /udg &#r d n*ing t! m#ti#ns t# stri. #ut t! t stim#ni s r (ating t# t! vid n' , CFI grant d t! " titi#n and #rd r d t! t stim#ni s stri'. n #ut #& t! r '#rd, ISSUE 51N t! t stim#ni s ar in&#rmati#n, at varian' -it! t! a(( gati#ns in t!

a2010 page 15
PEOPLE v CALAYCA 301 SCRA 122 >AR%IN7L; +anuar* 20, 1222
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi FACTS $ A daug!t r -as again a(( g d(* ra" d )* ! r #-n &at! r, ! r in a"" ((ant Art mi# Ca(a*'a, -!# is n#- &a'ing a d at! s nt n' a&t r !aving ) n &#und gui(t* #& said 'rim in a ; 'isi#n 1 dat d +un 13, 1225, r nd r d )* t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <Bran'! 24= #& Caga*an d 1r# Cit* in Crimina( Cas N#, 25$122, 4 n' , t!is aut#mati' r vi -, $ A ra" '!arg -as initiat d )* N dd* Ca(a*'a t!r#ug! a s-#rn '#m"(aint -it! su""#rting a&&idavits and d#'um nts 3 &i( d -it! t! >uni'i"a( Cir'uit %ria( C#urt #& Ba(ingasag, >isamis 1ri nta( #n +anuar* 2, 1225, >C%C +udg A(&r d# Cain &#und su&&i'i nt gr#und t# "r#s 'ut t! a"" ((ant &#r t! 'rim #& ra" , %!is -as t! sam &inding #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r #& >isamis 1ri nta( u"#n :aminati#n #& t! r '#rds #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n &#r-ard d t# it, C#ns 3u nt(*, #n >ar'! 21, 1225, t! '#rr s"#nding In&#rmati#n -as &i( d -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt r ading as &#((#-sC RINF1R>A%I1N R%! und rsign d Assistant Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r II, u"#n s-#rn '#m"(aint #& t! #&& nd d "art*, N dd* Ca(a*'a, a''us s AR%7>I1 CA?A6CA #& t! 'rim #& RAP7, '#mmitt d as &#((#-sC %!at #n #r a)#ut t! 22t! da* #& +anuar*, 1224 at a)#ut 1C00 #Q'(#'. in t! m#rning, m#r #r ( ss, at Baranga* S#(#, >uni'i"a(it* #& Ba(ingasag, Pr#vin' #& >isamis 1ri nta(, P!i(i""in s and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v $nam d a''us d did t! n and t! r -i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* and )* m ans #& &#r' and intimidati#n, su'' d d in !aving 'arna( .n#-( dg <s :ua( int r'#urs = -it! ! r <si'= #-n daug!t r, N dd* Ca(a*'a, against ! r -i(( and '#ns nt, RC1N%RAR6 %1 and in @I1?A%I1N 1F Arti'( 335 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , as am nd d )* R "u)(i' A't N#, 9652, RCaga*an d 1r# Cit*, P!i(i""in s, >ar'! 6, 1225, <SG;,= R1B7R%1 S, CASIX1 RAsst, Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r IIR $ 5! n arraign d und r t! a)#v $3u#t d In&#rmati#n, t! a"" ((ant nt r d a "( a #& RN#t gui(t*R t# t! 'rim '!arg d, %ria( #n t! m rits nsu d t! r a&t r, $ %! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n -as an'!#r d main(* #n t! t stim#n* #& 16$* ar #(d N dd* Ca(a*'a -!#, #n >a* 2, 1225, narrat d t!at at a)#ut 1C00 #Q'(#'. in t! m#rning #& +anuar* 22, 1224, s! -as s#und as( " insid t! ir !#us at Baranga* S#(#, Ba(ingasag, >isamis 1ri nta( -! n s! -as a-a. n d )* t! - ig!t #& ! r &at! r, ! r in a"" ((ant Art mi# Ca(a*'a, -!# -as a(r ad* #n t#" #& ! r, na. d and arm d -it! a )#(#, 4 &#r'i)(* undr ss d ! r, ins rt d !is " nis int# ! r vagina and mad a "us! and "u(( m#ti#n, F (ing t! "ain in ! r vagina, s! r sist d !is #ns(aug!t )* .i'.ing and !itting !im, t ((ing !im -it! )itt r t ars, RI -is! *#u -#u(d di , 6#u ar a &at! r -it!#ut g##d m#ra(s,R But s! -as ! ("( ss t# r sist !is (ust&u( d sir as ! t!r at n d ! r -it! a .ni&

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

sa*ing, RI -i(( .i(( *#u i& *#u -i(( n#t agr ,R A&t r t! s :ua( assau(t, s! "i'. d u" ! r '(#t! s, dr ss d u" and -as ( &t - "ing, S! -as t! n 15 * ars #(d -! n t!is in'id nt !a"" n d, 9 $ N dd* Ca(a*'a &irst t!#ug!t #& imm diat (* &i(ing a 'as against a"" ((ant )ut -as "r v nt d )* !is t!r at t# .i(( ! r, S! , !#- v r, r "#rt d ! r a-&u( :" ri n' -it! t! a"" ((ant t# ! r r (ativ s in >am)a*aan, S! in&#rm d t! m t!at v n ) &#r t! +anuar* 22, 1224 in'id nt, a"" ((ant !ad s :ua((* a)us d ! r man* tim s, 4 r r (ativ s, -!# - r a(s# a&raid #& a"" ((ant, m r (* advis d ! r t# su !im, S! imm diat (* - nt !#m in S#(# ) 'aus s! & ar d ! r &at! r, 5! n s! r a'! d !#m , ! r (d st sist r B tt* ?ani Ca(a*'a a(s# arriv d &r#m >ani(a, In&#rm d #& t! ra" in'id nt, ?ani and N dd* d 'id d t# ( av t! a"" ((ant, %! t-# t! n trav ( d t# ;#n Car(#s, Bu.idn#n and -#r. d as s rvants #& t! ma*#r, t!in.ing t! ir &at! r '#u(d n# (#ng r &ind t! m t! r , 4#- v r, a"" ((ant -as a)( t# (#'at t! m, 5!i( in t! !#us #& t! ma*#r, a"" ((ant !arass d t! m, s# B tt* ?ani !ad !im arr st d )* t! "#(i' , 5!i( a"" ((ant -as in /ai(, N dd* r "#rt d t# t! "#(i' aut!#riti s t!at ! ra" d ! r, %! "#(i' t! n t##. ! r s-#rn stat m nt #n t! ra" in'id nt, %! r a&t r, N dd* &i( d ! r '#m"(aint &#r ra" against t! a"" ((ant, $ A"" ((ant Art mi# Ca(a*'adid n#t d n* t! im"utati#n #& ! r daug!t r N dd* Ca(a*'a t!at ! ra" d ! r in t! ar(* m#rning #& +anuar* 22, 1224, A(( t!at ! t sti&i d t# -as t!at ! -as a -id#- r in 1228 and !as si: '!i(dr n )* !is (at -i& , t-# #& -!#m ! id nti&i d as N dd*, t! "rivat '#m"(ainant, and B tt* ?ani, 4 '(aim d t!at N dd* -as #n(* nin * ars #(d -! n !is -i& di d, %! "rivat '#m"(ainant sta* d -it! !im t#g t! r -it! !is &iv #t! r '!i(dr n, -!i( B tt* ?ani sta* d -it! !is <a"" ((antQs= )r#t! r at San +uan, >isamis 1ri nta(, B tt* ?ani and N dd* ( &t !is !#us #n August 12, 1223, %! * t##. !is savings &r#m t! "r#' ds #& t! sa( #& !is "ig in t! am#unt #& P5,000,00, 4 t! n (##. d &#r !is t-# daug!t rs and &#und t! m at B#')#', ;#n Car(#s, Bu.idn#n, 5! n ! as. d t! m -!* t! * t##. !is m#n *, !is t-# daug!t rs did n#t sa* a -#rd, &#r'ing !im t# s(a" t! m, $ %! d & ns did n#t "r s nt an* #t! r -itn ss n#r an* d#'um ntar* vid n' , A /udgm nt '#nvi'ting t! a"" ((ant #& t! 'rim '!arg d and im"#sing u"#n !im t! " na(t* #& d at! -as r nd r d )* t! tria( '#urt, ISSUE 51N t! '#rr 't " na(t* -as im"#s d HELD N1 $ 5!i( t! C#urt agr s t!at t! " na(t* #& d at! s!#u(d ) im"#s d #n !im, r gr tta)(* t!is is n#t in a''#rd -it! t! (a- and /uris"rud n' , A(t!#ug! t! matt r #& t! "r#" r im"#siti#n #& t! " na(t* is n#t assign d as an rr#r )* t! a"" ((ant, n v rt! ( ss, it is a - (($ sta)(is! d ru( in 'rimina( "r#' dur t!at an a"" a( in a 'rimina( "r#' ding t!r#-s t! -!#( 'as #" n &#r r vi - and it ) '#m s t! dut* #& t! a"" ((at '#urt t# '#rr 't an rr#r as ma* ) &#und in t! a"" a( d /udgm nt, -! t! r it is mad t! su)/ 't #& assignm nt #& rr#rs #r n#t, $ %! tria( '#urt im"#s d t! d at! " na(t* #n a"" ((ant ) 'aus #& t! "r s n' #& t! 'ir'umstan' #& min#rit* #& t! vi'tim <s! -as #n(* 15 * ars #(d at t! tim s! -as ra" d #n +anuar* 22, 1224= as - (( as t! r (ati#ns!i" #& t! #&& nd r <&at! r= and t! vi'tim <daug!t r=, "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 11 #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 9652 30 -!i'! am nd d Arti'( 335 #& t!

HELD N1 $ It is &undam nta( t!at v r* ( m nt #& -!i'! t! #&& ns is '#m"#s d must ) a(( g d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, 5!at &a'ts and 'ir'umstan' s ar n ' ssar* t# ) stat d must ) d t rmin d )* r & r n' t# t! d &initi#ns and t! ss ntia(s #& t! s" 'i&i' 'rim s, %! main "ur"#s #& r 3uiring t! vari#us ( m nts #& a 'rim t# ) s t #ut in an in&#rmati#n is t# na)( t! a''us d t# suita)(* "r "ar !is d & ns , 4 is "r sum d t# !av n# ind " nd nt .n#-( dg #& t! &a'ts t!at '#nstitut t! #&& ns , $ Inasmu'! as t! 'rim #& sta&a t!r#ug! misa""r#"riati#n #r -it! grav a)us #& '#n&id n' is '!arg d, t! in&#rmati#n must '#ntain t! s ( m ntsC <a= t!at " rs#na( "r#" rt* is r ' iv d in trust, #n '#mmissi#n, &#r administrati#n #r und r an* #t! r 'ir'umstan' inv#(ving t! dut* t# ma. d (iv r* #& #r t# r turn t! sam , v n t!#ug! t! #)(igati#n is guarant d )* a )#nd; <)= t!at t! r is '#nv rsi#n #r div rsi#n #& su'! "r#" rt* )* t! " rs#n -!# !as s# r ' iv d it; <'= t!at su'! '#nv rsi#n, div rsi#n #r d nia( is t# t! in/ur* #& an#t! r and <d= t!at t! r ) d mand &#r t! r turn #& t! "r#" rt*, $ %! "#siti#n #& t! d & ns is t!at t! t stim#ni s t nd t# "r#v an#t! r .ind #& sta&a $$$ using &a(s "r t ns s #r &raudu( nt a'ts <Art 315 "ar 2a RPC=$$$ and n#t t!ru a)us #& '#n&id n' <Art 315 "ar 1) RPC=, %! ( m nts #& t! s t-# ar di&& r nt, Knd r "ar 2a, d mand is n#t n ' ssar* and d ' it #r &a(s r "r s ntati#n must ) s!#-n, But t!is d# sn0t m an t!at "r##& #& d ' it is n#t a((#- d &#r "ar 1), A)us #& '#n&id n' and d ' it ma* '#$ :ist, 7v n i& d ' it ma* ) "r s nt, t! a)us #& '#n&id n' -i(( '!ara't ri8 t! sta&a as t! d ' it -i(( ) m r (* in'id nta( #r, is a)s#r) d )* a)us #& '#n&id n' , $ As (#ng as t! r is a r (ati#n #& trust and '#n&id n' ) t- n t! '#m"(ainant and t! a''us d and v n t!#ug! su'! r (ati#ns!i" !as ) n indu' d )* t! a''us d t!ru &a(s r "r s ntati#ns and "r t ns and -!i'! is '#ntinu d )* a'tiv d ' it -it!#ut trut!&u((* dis'(#sing t! &a'ts t# t! '#m"(ainant, t! sta&a '#mmitt d is )* a)us #& '#n&id n' a(t!#ug! d ' it '#$ :ists in its '#mmissi#n, $ %! "r s n' #& d ' it -#u(d n#t '!ang t! -!#( t! #r* #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t!at sta&a -it! a)us #& '#n&id n' -as '#mmitt d, Dispositive CFI d 'isi#n t# stri. #ut t stim#ni s is r v rs d and s t asid ,

Criminal Procedure
R vis d P na( C#d , S 'ti#n 11 "r#vid s, int r a(ia, t!at -! r t! vi'tim #& t! 'rim #& ra" is und r 18 * ars #& ag and t! #&& nd r is a "ar nt #& t! vi'tim, t! d at! " na(t* s!a(( ) im"#s d, %!is is am#ng t! s v n <9= 'ir'umstan' s num rat d in S 'ti#n 11 -!i'!, as - !av ! (d in t! r ' nt 'as #& P #"( v, Gar'ia, 32 ar '#nsid r d s" 'ia( 3ua(i&*ing 'ir'umstan' s s" 'i&i'a((* a""(i'a)( t# t! 'rim #& ra" , $ %! r ) ing n# a(( gati#n #& t! min#rit* #& t! vi'tim in t! In&#rmati#n und r -!i'! t! a"" ((ant -as arraign d, ! 'ann#t ) '#nvi't d #& 3ua(i&i d ra" as ! -as n#t "r#" r(* in&#rm d t!at ! is ) ing a''us d #& 3ua(i&i d ra" , A"" ((antQs '#nvi'ti#n #& 3ua(i&i d ra" vi#(at s !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# ) "r#" r(* in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& a''usati#n against !im, In a 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, it is t! &undam nta( ru( t!at v r* ( m nt #& t! 'rim '!arg d must ) a(( g d in t! In&#rmati#n, %! main "ur"#s #& t!is '#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nt is t# na)( t! a''us d t# "r#" r(* "r "ar !is d & ns , 4 is "r sum d t# !av n# ind " nd nt .n#-( dg #& t! &a'ts t!at '#nstitut t! #&& ns , $ %! &ai(ur t# a(( g t! &a't #& min#rit* #& t! vi'tim in t! In&#rmati#n &#r ra" is &ata( and '#ns 3u nt(* )ars t! im"#siti#n #& t! d at! " na(t*, 4aving ) n in&#rm d #n(* #& t! ( m nts #& sim"( ra" , t! a"" ((ant 'an ) '#nvi't d #n(* #& su'! 'rim and ) "unis! d a''#rding(* -it! r '(usi#n " r" tua, Dispositive +udgm nt m#di&i d

a2010 page 16
Ratio %! a(( gati#ns #& an in&#rmati#n s!#u(d, i& "#ssi)( , ) su&&i'i nt(* :"(i'it and ' rtain as t# %I>7 t# in&#rm t! d & ndant #& t! dat #n -!i'! t! 'rimina( a't is a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d, Kn( ss t! a''us d is in&#rm d #& t! da*, #r a)#ut t! da*, ! ma* ) , t# an :t nt d "riv d #& t! #""#rtunit* t# d & nd !ims (&, Reasoning ) 5!i( S ' 9 #& t! C#d #& CrimPr# "r#vid s t!at A :' "t -! n tim is a mat ria( ingr di nt #& an #&& ns , t! "r 'is tim #& '#mmissi#n n d n#t ) stat d in a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, )ut t! a't ma* ) a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d at an* tim ) &#r t! &i(ing t! r #&,B $ t!is ;17S N1% >7AN t!at t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r ma* ) 'ar ( ss in &i:ing t! dat #& t! a(( g d 'rim , #r t!at ! ma* #mit t! dat a(t#g t! r, #r t!at ! ma* ma. t! a(( gati#n ind &init as t# am#unt t# t! sam t!ing, $ 5! r t! :a't dat 'ann#t ) &i: d, #r -! r t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r is N1% t!#r#ug!(* satis&i d t!at ! 'an "r#v a "r 'is dat , ! s!#u(d a(( g in t! in&#rmati#n t!at t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d 1N #r AB1K% a ;A%7 NA>7;, $ Knd r su'! an a(( gati#n ! is n#t r 3uir d t# "r#v an* "r 'is dat )ut ma* "r#v an* dat -!i'! is N1% S1 R7>1%7 as t# sur"ris and "r /udi' t! d & ndant, $ In 'as #& SKRPRIS7, t! C#urt ma* a((#- an am ndm nt #& t! in&#rmati#n as t# tim and an ad/#urnm nt t# t! a''us d, i& n ' ssar* t# m t t! am ndm nt, $ SC t! n 'it d 'as sC KS v ; Castr#Y A5!i( it is n#t n ' ssar*, un( ss tim is a mat ria( ingr di nt #& t! #&& ns , t!at t! "r 'is tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns s!#u(d ) stat d, sti(( t! a't s!#u(d ) a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d at s#m tim ) &#r t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint,B KS v, 7nri3u 8$ 3u sti#n #& tim as a(( g d in t! in&#rmati#n -as dis'uss d in an in'id nta( -a* &#r t! "ur"#s #& d t rmining -! t! r it #& its (& #r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! #t! r a(( gati#ns su&&i'i nt(* id nti&i d t! transa'ti#n -!i'! '#nstitut d sta&a s# as t# n#ti&* t! d & ndant #& t! transa'ti#n r & rr d t#; %im is n#t a mat0( ingr di nt in t! 'rim #& sta&a, KS v, Card#na$ 3u sti#n #& tim -as rais d in t! d murr r <#n a"" a(= as t# t! varian' ) t t! dat #& t! 'rim in t! in&# and t!at "r#v d #n t! tria(; C#urt ! r said t!at tim ) ing n#t an ingr di nt #& t! t! &t #& a 'ara)a#, it did n#t !av t# ) "r#v d as (aid, $ %! 3u sti#n whether the allegations of the info are sufficientl' definite as to time and t! 3u sti#n -!i'! aris s on a variance between the allegations and the proof ar di&& r nt in natur and ( ga( && 't, and ar d 'id d #n di&& r nt "rin'i"( s, $ In t!is 'as , t! stat m nt #& t! tim -! n t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d is t## ind &init t# giv t! a''us d an #""#rtunit* t# "r "ar !is d & ns , and t!at ind &init n ss is n#t 'ur d )* s tting #ut t! dat -! n a '!i(d -as )#rn as a r su(t #& su'! 'rim , $ S ' 9 Ru( s #& CrimPr#0s "ur"#s is t# " rmit t! a(( gati#n #& a dat #& t! '#mmissi#n #& a 'rim as N7AR t# t! AC%KA? dat as t! in&#rmati#n #& t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r -i(( " rmit and -! n t!at !as ) n d#n , an* dat "r#v d -!i'! d# s n#t sur"ris and su)stantia((* "r /udi' t! d & ns , $ It d# s n#t aut!#ri8 t! t#ta( #missi#n #& a dat #r su'! an ind &init a(( gati#n -it! r & r n' t! r t# as am#unts t# t! sam t!ing, $ SCC t! varian' ) t t! dat #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim as a(( g d in t! in&# and t!at as "r#v d #n tria( ;17S N1 -arrant n ' ssari(* t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d, IF su'! varian' #''urs and it is s!#-n t!at t! d & ndant is sur"ris d t! r )*, and t!at, )* r as#n #& t!at sur"ris , ! is una)( t# d & nd !ims (& "r#" r(*, t! '#urt ma* in t! : r'is #& s#und dis'r ti#n )as d #n A?? 'ir'umstan' s, #rd r t! in&#rmati#n am nd d s# as t# s t &#rt! t! '#rr 't dat and ma* grant an ad/#urnm nt &#r su'! a ( ngt! #& tim as -i(( na)( t! d & ndant t# "r "ar !ims (& t# m t t! varian' in dat -!i'! -as t! 'aus #& !is sur"ris , Dispositive ; 'isi#n a&&irm d,

PEOPLE v MOLERO 144 SCRA 329 GK%I7RR7L +R,; S "t m) r 24, 1286
NATURE A"" a( &r#m d 'isi#n #& CFI FACTS $ >#( r# -as '!arg d -it! ra" )* daug!t r in '#m"(aint &i( d in CFI N gr#s 1ri nta(, >#( r# t#(d daug!t r t# g# -it! !im t# t! riv r t# 'at'! s!rim"s and &is!, S! -as )ar (* 19, S! -as !ugg d &r ) !ind )* >#( r# and s! & (( t# t! gr#und, 4 uns! at! d !is )#(#, 4 su'' d d in !aving s :ua( int r'#urs and -arn d ! r n#t t# t (( an*#n , $ %! m#t! r ( arn d #& t! in'id nt and t#(d daug!t r t# . " 3ui t &#r t! m#m nt; t! * - r s 'r tiv #& t! ir "(an t# r "#rt ) 'aus >#( r# is a &i r' man, $ >#t! r and daug!t r - nt t# Stati#n C#mmand r, %! * - r advis d t# r "#rt t# t! PC 4 ad3uart rs, At t! PC 4 ad3uart rs, '#m"(aint -as inv stigat d, )ut a''us d didn0t -ant inv stigati#n t# '#ntinu ) 'aus a''dg t# !im, t!is -as t! ir #-n "r#)( m, $ Int rna( and :t rna( :am #& vi'tim s!#- d s! !ad "r vi#us s :ua( int r'#urs , $ >#( r# d ni d t! '!arg , sa*ing ! '#u(dn0t !av d#n it ) 'aus ! -as a(r ad* '#mmitt d in t! "r#vin'ia( /ai( t!at tim , 4 a(s# d ni d t! s-#rn stat m nt ! mad , sa*ing ! 0s i((it rat , 4 said ! -as n#t in&#rm d #& !is rig!ts t# r main si( nt and t# '#uns (; t!at ! -as n#t assist d )* '#uns ( during inv stigati#n, $ >#( r#0s a(i)i -as r adi(* r &ut d, $ %ria( '#urt &#und >#( r# gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& ra" , $ A d#u)( / #"ard* issu ar#s ) 'aus t! r - r t-# '#m"(aints &i( dC $ &i( d >ar'! 22, 1299C ra" -as '#mmitt d F ) 13, 1296 $ &i( d >ar'! 30, 1298C ra" -as '#mmitt d F ) 5, 1296 $ >#( r# -as arraign d und r t! &irst '#m"(aint, ! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ ;uring tria(, t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( &i( d m#ti#n &#r ( av t# am nd t! '#m"(aint, %!is -as grant d, %!us, t! n - '#m"(aint, $ >#( r# &i( d m#ti#n t# 3uas! 2 nd 'rimina( '#m"(aint #n gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard*, %!is -as d ni d, ISSUES 1, 51N >#( r# -as und r d#u)( / #"ard* 2, 51N >#( r# '#mmitt d t! ra" HELD 1, N1

US v JA>IER DICHAO 29 P!i( 421 >1R7?AN;; >ar'! 30, 1214

NATURE A"" a( Fr#m CFI ;ava#0s ; 'isi#n FACTS - Said CFI sustain d a ; murr r t# an INF1R>A%I1N and dismiss d t! 'as #& ra" against Ant#ni# +avi r ;i'!a#, $ %! In&#rmati#n stat d t!at ;i'!a# '#mmitt d t! 'rim #& ra" A#n #r a)#ut and during t! int rva( ) t- n 1't#) r 1210, t# August 1212A 0vague di ba34 in ;ava# and t!at ;i'!a# -as, at t!at " ri#d, t! ( ga( guardian, ) ing t! st "&at! r, #& Isa) ( d (a Cru8 -!# -as und r 12 * ars #(d -! n ! ra" d ! r; t!at as a r su(t #& said 'arna( .n#-( dg Isa) ( gav )irt! t# a '!i(d #n August 5, 1212, $ %! ; murr r a(( g d t!at t! &a'ts s t &#rt! in t! In&#rmati#n did n#t '#nstitut a "u)(i' #&& ns and t!at t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint did n#t '#n&#rm su)stantia((* t# "r s'ri) d &#rm and t!at '#m"(aint -as vagu and am)igu#us, ISSUE 51N CFI '#mmitt d an rr#r in dismissing t! 'as )as d u"#n t! ; murr r HELD N1, CFI0s d 'isi#n must ) a&&irm d,

Criminal Procedure
$ S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 119 #& 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur C Conviction or ac$uittal of the defendant or the dismissal of the case shall be a bar to another prosecution for the offense charged5 $ 4 r , t! 'as -as n#t t rminat d ) 'aus t! dis"#sitiv "#rti#n #& t! #rd r :"r ss(* dir 't d t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( andM#r "r#s 'uting &is'a( t# &i( a n - '#m"(aint andM#r in&#rmati#n, $ %! 'as -as dismiss d &#r n# #t! r r as#n :' "t t# '#rr 't t! dat #& t! 'rim , $ %!is dismissa( did n#t am#unt t# an a'3uitta(, $ %! r -as n# n d &#r tria( '#urt t# !av us d su'! "r#' dur , It s!#u(d /ust !av d ni d m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! #rd r granting t! "r#s 'uti#n0s m#ti#n &#r ( av t# am nd t! '#m"(aint, A&t r arraignm nt and -! r a"" ((ant "( ad d n#t gui(t*, is it sti(( "r#" r t# am nd dat #& '#mmissi#n #& 'rim H A""(*ing S 'ti#ns 10 and 13 #& Ru( 110 #& R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, am ndm nt s#ug!t )* "r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d !av ) n grant d, %! "r 'is tim is n#t an ss ntia( ( m nt #& ra" , %! am ndm nt -as #n(* a matt r #& &#rm and did n#t "r /udi' t! rig!ts #& t! a"" ((ant, 2, 67S $ >#( r# argu s t!at i& a 'rim -as '#mmitt d )* !im at a((, it -as 3ua(i&i d s du'ti#n, $ SC didn0t agr , A"" ((ant -as s!#-n t# !av m"(#* d &#r' and intimidati#n against daug!t r, A(s#, ! !ad m#ra( as' ndan'* and in&(u n' #v r t! vi'tim, %! vi'tim is i((it rat and uns'!##( d, and >#( r# t!r at n d ! r -it! a )#(# and r nd r d ! r "ra'ti'a((* ! ("( ss,

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$ Fis'a( a(( g d t!at t! a''us d -as ) ing tri d #n t! In&#rmati#n -!i'! '!arg d #n(* #n #&& ns '#mmitt d Rin #r a)#ut t! m#nt! #& +un 1298,R $ %ria( /udg d ni d m#ti#n t# dismiss, $ %! a''us d &i( d an#t! r >#ti#n t# ;ismiss, a(( ging t!at ! !ad ) n "ard#n d )* t! #&& nd d "art*, ! r m#t! r and grandm#t! r, Atta'! d, t# t! >#ti#n t# ;ismiss -as t! /#int a&&idavit #& d sistan' sign d )* t! #&& nd d "art*, ! r m#t! r and grandm#t! r $ $%! #&& nd d "art* : 'ut d and &i( d an a&&idavit a(( ging t!at ! r &at! r a)and#n d ! r at t! ag #& t-# * ars and t!r m#nt!s, -it!#ut "r#viding &#r ! r su""#rt and studi s, and t!at t! sam - r "r#vid d )* ! r m#t! r and grandm#t! r -!#, #n t! sam dat , : 'ut d a /#int a&&idavit t# t! sam && 't $ %! Pr#s 'uting Fis'a( &i( d an Add ndum t# t! 1""#siti#n t# t! >#ti#n t# ;ismiss, 4 a(( g d t!at t! :"r ss "ard#n giv n t! a''us d -as inva(id &#r t! #&& nd d "art* did n#t !av Ra -i(( #& ! r #-n,R ) ing m r (* ( v n * ars #(d -! n t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d; t!at t! &at! r #& t! #&& nd d "art*, : 'ut d an a&&idavit #)/ 'ting t# t! "ard#n giv n t# t! a''us d; and t!at, as t! &at! r, ! sti(( "#ss ss d t! R"atria "#t stasR #v r t! #&& nd d "art* in s"it #& !is !aving a)and#n d ! r, $ %ria( '#urt d ni d t! m#ti#n t# dismiss #n a''#unt #& t! insist n' #& t! vi'timQs &at! r t# "r#s 'ut t! a''us d, a)s nt /udi'ia( "r#n#un' m nt d "riving !im #& "ar nta( aut!#rit* #v r t! #&& nd d "art*, a '!i(d ) (#- t- (v * ars #(d, $ A''us d &i( d >#ti#n t# Ouas!, -!i'! -as d ni d )* t! tria( '#urt $ %ria( '#urt '#nvi't d t! a''us d #& ra" , and im"#s d u"#n !im t! " na(t* #& reclusion perpetua, ISSUES 1, 51N t! r -as a va(id '#m"(aint against t! a"" ((ant 2, 51N t! "ard#n giv n t# !im )* t! #&& nd d "art*, ! r m#t! r, and grandm#t! r :tinguis! d !is 'rimina( (ia)i(it*, in s"it #& t! #)/ 'ti#n #& t! vi'timQs &at! r, HELD 1, 67S Ratio ;is'r "an'i s ) t- n t! a''usati#n and t! '#m"(aint as t# tim #& #''urr n' #& t! 'arna( '#"u(ati#ns in ra" d# n#t a&& 't an* ss ntia( rig!t #& t! a''us d, -! r t! a'ts #''urr d -it!in t! " ri#d #& tim a(( g d in )#t! -ritings and t! di&& r n' n#t d in #t! r r s" 'ts -as #& a &#rma(, rat! r t!an a su)stantia(, '!ara't r, Reasoning $ A"" ((ant '#nt nds t!at t! '#m"(aint is v#id ) 'aus it '!arg s at ( ast t!r 'rim s #& ra" , nam (*C <1= t!at -!i'! -as '#mmitt d R#n #r a)#ut t! m#nt! #& +un , 1298;R <2= t!at -!i'! -as '#mmitt d Rs#m tim "ri#r t# said " ri#d;R and <3= t!at -!i'! -as '#mmitt d Rsu)s 3u nt t! r t#,R $ Argum nt !as n# m rit, Atta'! d t# +#s "!in Qs '#m"(aint -as ! r s-#rn stat m nt -! r in, s! 'at g#ri'a((* a&&irm d t!at @i' nt a)us d ! r ) &#r t! start #& '(ass s in +un 1298, %!at a&&idavit, -!i'! ma* ) '#nsid r d "art #& t! '#m"(aint r 3uir d )* (a-, 'ur s an* am)iguit* in t! '#m"(aint r garding t! num) r #& #&& ns s '#mmitt d )* t! a''us d, $ Furt! rm#r , S 'ti#n 10, Ru( 110 #& t! 1264 Ru( s #& C#urt "r#vid dC S ', 10, Time of the commission of the offense. $It is n#t n ' ssar* t# stat in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n t! "r 'is tim at -!i'! t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d :' "t -! n tim is a mat ria( ingr di nt #& t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

#&& ns , )ut t! a't ma* ) a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d at an* tim as n ar t# t! a'tua( dat at -!i'! t! #&& ns Q -as '#mmitt d as t! in&#rmati#n #r '#m"(aint -i(( " rmit, 2, N1 Ratio Art, 344<3= #& t! R vis d P na( C#d "r#!i)its a "r#s 'uti#n &#r s du'ti#n, a)du'ti#n, rape& #r a'ts #& (as'ivi#usn ss, :' "t u"#n a '#m"(aint mad )* t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, n#r, in an* 'as , i& t! #&& nd r !as ) n :"r ss(* "ard#n d )* t! a)#v $nam d " rs#ns, as t! 'as ma* ) , *t does not prohibit the continuance of a prosecution if the offended part' pardons the offender after the cause has been instituted& nor does it order the dismissal of said cause. %! #n(* a't t!at riding t# Arti'( 344 :tinguis! s t! " na( a'ti#n and t! " na(t* t!at ma* !av ) n im"#s d, is t! marriag ) t- n t! #&& nd r and t! #&& nd d "art*, Reasoning $ %! rati#na( #& t! (a- #n t! "r#s 'uti#n #& "rivat 'rim s is sim"( C %! (a- d ms it t! -is r "#(i'* t# ( t t! aggri v d -#man and ! r &ami(* d 'id -! t! r t# :"#s t# "u)(i' vi - #r t# ! at d '#ntr#v rsi s in '#urt t! vi' s, &au(ts and disgra' &u( a'ts #''urring in t! &ami(*, 4#- v r, -! n, as in t! 'as at )ar, t! "ard#n is giv n after t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint in '#urt, it '#m s t## (at t# !id t! s!am &u( #''urr n' &r#m "u)(i' n#ti' , Dispositive ; 'isi#n #& tria( '#urt a&&irm d

PEOPLE v LUALHATI 191 SCRA 299, 283 GRIN1$AOKIN1; >ar'! 16, 1282
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #& t! ; 'isi#n #& t! %ria( '#urt FACTS $ C#m"(ainant +#s "!in ;imauna!an -as )#rn #n +anuar* 9, 1269 $ In 1290, ! r m#t! r s "arat d &r#m ! r &at! r and start d t# (iv -it! a"" ((ant @i' nt ?ua(!ati -it!#ut t! ) n &it #& marriag , S! (i. -is (iv d -it! a"" ((ant -!# su""#rt d ! r, t##. 'ar #& ! r studi s and tr at d ! r (i. !is #-n daug!t r, $ S#m tim in +un , 1298, -!i( '#m"(ainantQs m#t! r -as at -#r., a"" ((ant and '#m"(ainant - r a(#n in t! !#us , A"" ((ant !ad s :ua( int r'#urs -it! '#m"(ainant, It a"" ar d t!at v n "ri#r t# +un , 1298, a"" ((ant !ad a(r ad* s v ra( s :ua( r (ati#ns -it! '#m"(ainant $ K"#n arraignm nt #n, t! a''us d "( ad d n#t gui(t* $ %! d & ns &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss #n t! gr#und t!at t! '#m"(aint '!arg d m#r t!an #n #&& ns , nam (*C A%!at #n #r a)#ut t! m#nt! #& +un , 1298, and for sometime prior and subse$uent thereto& ,,, t! a''us d @i' nt ?ua(!ati -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* !av 'arna( .n#-( dg #& t! '#m"(ainant +#s "!in >, ;imauna!an ,,,B

PEOPLE v RAZONABLE 330 SCRA 562 PKN1; A"ri( 12, 2000

NATURE $ A"" a( &r#m a d 'isi#n )* t! R%C #& Camarin s N#rt , dat d >a* 3, 1226, &inding a"" ((ant B n/amin Ra8#na)( gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& ra"ing !is daug!t r, >aria F Ra8#na)( , and s nt n'ing !im t# su&& r t! " na(ti s #& 3 r '(usi#n " r" tua and t# "a* t! am#unt #& P200,000 as m#ra( damag s, FACTS $ Ra8#na)( -as '!arg d in 3 s "arat In&#rmati#ns -it! t! 'rim #& ra" , -!i'! ar id nti'a((* -#rd d, as &#((#-sC R%!at s#m tim in t! * ar 1289, at Pur#. I, Brg*, I@, >antag)a', >uni'i"a(it* #& ;a t, Pr#vin' #& Camarin s N#rt , and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v $nam d a''us d did t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* !av 'arna( .n#-( dg #& !is #-n daug!t r >ARIA F7 4, RAL1NAB?7, against t! (att rQs -i(( and )* m ans #& &#r' and intimidati#n, t# ! r damag and "r /udi' , R%! 'rim -as '#mmitt d -it! t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' s #& r (ati#ns!i", t! a''us d is t! &at! r #& t! #&& nd d "art* and t!at said #&& ns -as '#mmitt d in t! ir #-n d- ((ing and t! #&& nd d "art* n#t !aving giv n "r#v#'ati#n &#r it,R Ra8#na)( "( ad d n#t gui(t* and !is 'as -as tri d #n t! m rits,

Criminal Procedure
$ A(t!#ug! >aria F -as ra" d #n 3 '#ns 'utiv da*s in t! midd( #& +un 1289, s! -as a)( t# dis'(#s t! dastard(* a'ts #& ! r &at! r t# ! r (d r sist r #n(* in F )ruar* #& 1223 ) 'aus ! r '#ns'i n' -#u(d n#t a((#- ! r an* " a' #& mind, S! a(s# & ar d r 'urr n' #& t! ) stia( a'ts, 4 r &at! r #&t n dran. -it! &ri nds insid t! ir !#us and s! -as -ar* t!at a"" ((ant mig!t giv ! r t# !is &ri nds, %!us, a''#m"ani d )* ! r sist r Ana >ari , '#m"(ainant - nt t# t! "#(i' stati#n and &i( d a '#m"(aint, %! n t! * "r#' d d t# t! Camarin s N#rt Pr#vin'ia( 4#s"ita( -! r s! -as :amin d, Bas d #n t! m di'a( ' rti&i'at , s! !ad, at t! tim #& :aminati#n, in'#m"( t (* ! a( d !*m na( (a' rati#ns at 5, 6, 9, and 2 #Q'(#'. "#siti#ns, ISSUE 1, 51N t! R%C rr d in n#t '#nsid ring t! in&#rmati#n insu&&i'i nt t# su""#rt a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n &#r its &ai(ur t# stat t! "r 'is dat #& t! a(( g d '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , it ) ing an ss ntia( ( m nt #& t! 'rim '!arg d 2, 51N t! (#- r '#urt rr d in &inding t!at t! gui(t #& Ra8#na)( #& t! t!r '#unts #& ra" !as ) n "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t HELD 1, N1 Ratio %! rati#na( #& t! ru( <S 'ti#n 11, Ru( 110 #& t! R1C= is t# in&#rm t! a''us d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, %# '(aim t!is su)stantiv rig!t "r#t 't d )* n# ( ss t!an t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts, t! a''us d is dut* )#und t# &#((#- #ur "r#' dura( ru( s -!i'! - r (aid d#-n t# assur an #rd r(* administrati#n #& /usti' , Reasoning % First(*, it ) !##v d t! a''us d t# rais t! issu #& a d & 'tiv in&#rmati#n, #n t! gr#und t!at it d# s n#t '#n&#rm su)stantia((* t# t! "r s'ri) d &#rm, in a m#ti#n t# 3uas! said in&#rmati#n #r a m#ti#n &#r )i(( #& "arti'u(ars, An a''us d -!# &ai(s t# ta. t!is s as#na)( st " -i(( ) d m d t# !av -aiv d t! d & 't in said in&#rmati#n, %! #n(* d & 'ts in an in&#rmati#n t!at ar n#t d m d -aiv d ar -! r n# #&& ns is '!arg d, (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, :tin'ti#n #& t! #&& ns #r " na(t* and d#u)( / #"ard*, C#r#((ari(*, - !av ru( d t!at #)/ 'ti#ns as t# matt rs #& &#rm #r su)stan' in t! in&#rmati#n 'ann#t ) mad &#r t! &irst tim #n a"" a(, Ra8#na)( did n#t rais it! r in a m#ti#n t# 3uas! #r a m#ti#n &#r )i(( #& "arti'u(ars t! d & 't in t! In&#rmati#n r garding t! ind &init n ss #& t! a(( gati#n #n t! dat #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , $ S '#nd(*, during t! tria(, t! d & ns n v r #)/ 't d t# t! "r s ntati#n #& vid n' )* t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#v t!at t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d in t! midd( #& +un 1289, It !as n#t ) n s!#-n t!at Ra8#na)( -as ta. n )* sur"ris -it! t! t stim#n* #& >aria F t!at s! -as ra" d in t! midd( #& +un 1289, and ! n' '#u(d n#t "r#" r(* d & nd !ims (&, 1n t! '#ntrar*, ! -as a)( t# giv an a(i)i as t# !is -! r a)#uts at t!at "arti'u(ar tim , In &in , ! 'ann#t "r t nd t!at ! -as una)( t# d & nd !ims (& in vi - #& t! vagu n ss #& t! a(( gati#n in t! in&#rmati#n as t# -! n t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d, 2, N1 Reasoning A"" ((ant '(aims t!at !is gui(t !as n#t ) n "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #n t! &#((#-ing gr#undsC <1= t! id ntit* #& t!

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" r" trat#r !as n#t ) n sta)(is! d -it! ' rtitud sin' t! r##m -as dar. and it !as n#t ) n s!#-n t!at it -as "r#" r(* i((uminat d; <2= it -as unnatura( &#r >aria F t# r main in t! ir !#us i& it -as tru t!at s! -as t!r at n d and intimidat d; and <3= t! r -as an unr as#na)( d (a* in t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint -!i'! r nd r d t! ra" '!arg s d#u)t&u(, $ It is !ig!(* in'#n' iva)( t!at >aria F -#u(d n#t r '#gni8 ! r #-n &at! r -it! -!#m s! !as ) n (iving a(#n &#r a (#ng tim , It is t! m#st natura( r a'ti#n &#r vi'tims #& 'rimina( vi#( n' t# striv t# s t! a"" aran' #& t! ir assai(ant and #)s rv t! mann r in -!i'! t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d, >#st #&t n, t! &a' and )#d* m#v m nts #& t! assai(ant 'r at a (asting im"r ssi#n -!i'! 'ann#t ) asi(* ras d &r#m t! ir m m#r*, %! im"r ssi#n ) '#m s m#r "r#&#und -! r t! ma( &a't#r is t! vi'timQs #-n &at! r, $ %! &a't t!at >aria F '#ntinu d t# (iv -it! Ra8#na)( -i(( n#t (i. -is 'rum"( ! r 'r di)i(it*, At t! tim #& t! in'id nt, s! -as a sim"( , naZv and !a"( ss '!i(d #& t- (v * ars, S! -as (iving )* ! r (#n s#m s (& -it! ! r &at! r, ntir (* d " nd nt #n !im &#r a(( ! r n ds, 4 r m#t! r -as in Isa) (a and ! r n ar st si)(ing (iv d in an#t! r t#-n, It '#u(d !ard(* ) :" 't d t!at su'! a '!i(d #& t nd r ag -#u(d .n#- -!at t# d# and -! r t# g# und r t! 'ir'umstan' s, It is n#t "r#" r t# /udg t! a'ti#ns #& '!i(dr n -!# !av und rg#n traumati' :" ri n' s )* t! n#rms #& ) !avi#r :" 't d und r t! 'ir'umstan' s &r#m matur " rs#ns, $ %! d (a* in t! &i(ing #& t! 'as s d# s n#t n ' ssari(* im"air t! 'r di)i(it* #& t! vi'tim, 7:" ri n' t a'! s us t!at man* vi'tims #& ra" n v r '#m"(ain #r &i( 'rimina( '!arg s against t! ra"ist, &#r t! * "r & r t# si( nt(* ) ar t! ign#min* and "ain, rat! r t!an r v a( t! ir s!am t# t! -#r(d #r ris. t! #&& nd rQs ma.ing g##d #n !is t!r ats, Dispositive C#nsid ring t!at t! a'ts - r '#mmitt d "ri#r t# t! && 'tivit* #& RA 9652, t! tria( '#urt '#rr 't(* im"#s d t! " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua in a'! #& t! t!r 'as s, 4#- v r, '#nsist nt -it! r ' nt ru(ings, t! am#unt #& P50,000 &#r a'! '#unt #& ra" s!#u(d ) a-ard d )* -a* #& m#ra( damag s, and ! n' t! a-ard giv n )* t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d ) r du' d t# P150,000, ?i. -is , 'urr nt 'as (adi'tat s t!at t! vi'tim s!a(( ) ntit( d t# 'ivi( ind mnit* in t! am#unt #& P50,000 &#r a'! '#unt #& ra" , $ ; 'isi#n #& t! R%C AFFIR>7; -it! >1;IFICA%I1N,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

San +uan, "r#vin' #& Ri8a(, a "(a' -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v $ nam d a''us d, ) ing t! n arm d -it! a .ni& , t#g t! r -it! #n Ri'ard# F (i: a(ias RCarding %u-adR -!# is t! n arm d -it! a &ir arm and -!# -as <si'= sti(( at (arg , and t! t-# #& t! m '#ns"iring and '#n& d rating t#g t! r and mutua((* ! ("ing and aiding #n an#t! r, -it! int nt t# .i((, vid nt "r m ditati#n and tr a'! r* and ta.ing advantag #& su" ri#r str ngt!, did, t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* atta'., assau(t and s!##t and sta) -it! t! said &ir arm and .ni& #n A(&r d# @a(d 8, t! r )* in&(i'ting u"#n t! (att r &ata( -#unds -!i'! dir 't(* 'aus d !is d at!, $ In +un , 1268, u"#n arraignm nt, Cas * "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d in t! said '#m"(aint, $ S "t m) r, 1268, a''us d Q a"" ((ant Ri'ard# F (i: a(ias RCarding %u-adR -as arr st d, A''#rding(*, an Am nd d In&#rmati#n -as &i( d )* t! sam &is'a( t# in'(ud Ri'ard# F (i: as an a''us d, statingC %!at #n #r a)#ut t! 31st da* #& >ar'!, 1268, in t! muni'i"a(it* #& San +uan, "r#vin' #& Ri8a(, a "(a' -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v nam d a''us d +#s "! Cas * a(ias RBur(R ) ing t! n arm d -it! a .ni& , together with the accused Ricardo 1eli+ alias 6Carding Tuwad6 who was then armed with a firearm, and t! t-# #& t! m '#ns"iring and '#n& d rating t#g t! r and mutua((* ! ("ing and aiding #n an#t! r, -it! int nt t# .i((, vid nt "r m ditati#n and tr a'! r* and ta.ing advantag #& su" ri#r str ngt!, did, t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* atta'., assau(t and s!##t and sta) -it! t! said &ir arm and .ni& #n A(&r d# @a(d 8, t! r )* in&(i'ting u"#n t! (att r &ata( -#unds -!i'! dir 't(* $ %! '#urt a $uo r nd r d t! a&#r m nti#n d /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, It &#und t!at t-# aggravating 'ir'umstan' s att nd d t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim , nam (*C m"(#*ing #r ta.ing advantag #& su" ri#r str ngt! and vid nt "r m ditati#n, #n #& -!i'! 3ua(i&i d t! .i((ing t# murd r, ISSUES 1, 51N t! C#urt a 3u# rr d in i(( ga((* tr*ing a"" ((ant Cas * #n t! am nd d in&#rmati#n -it!#ut arraignm nt 2, 51N t! C#urt a 3u# rr d in !#(ding t!at a"" ((ants a't d -it! vid nt "r m ditati#n and a)us # #& su" ri#r str ngt!, and in 3ua(i&*ing t! 'rim '#mmitt d as aggravat d murd r 3, 51N -! t! r #r n#t t! r is '#ns"ira'* ) t- n t! t-# a''us d in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim 4, 51N t! C#urt rr d in dis'#unting Cas *0s d & ns t!at ! a't d in ( gitimat s (&$d & ns HELD 1, N1 Reasoning % %! (a'. #& arraignm nt und r t! am nd d in&#rmati#n is #)/ 't d t# )* a''us d$a"" ((ant +#s "! Cas * a(( g d(* #n t! gr#und t!at t! r is a vi#(ati#n #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# ) in&#rm d #& t! '!arg against !im, %! r 'an ) a vi#(ati#n #& su'! rig!t, !#- v r, #n(* -! n t! am ndm nt " rtains t# matt rs #& su)stan' , In t! 'as at )ar, t! a(t rati#ns intr#du' d in t! in&#rmati#n r & r t# t! in'(usi#n #& a''us d a"" ((ant Ri'ard# F (i: t# t! sam '!arg #& murd r, %! * d# n#t '!ang t! natur #& t! 'rim against a''us d$a"" ((ant Cas *,

ALMEDA v >ILLALUZ PEOPLE v CASEY ,02 FELI; 103 SCRA 21 GK7RR7R1; F )ruar* 24, 1281
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi - #& t! /udgm nt #& t! Cir'uit Crimina( C#urt im"#sing u"#n Cas * and F (i: t! 'a"ita( '["unis!m nt &#r t! d at! #& A(&r d# @a(d 8, FACTS $ 1n >a* 22, 1268, Assistant Fis'a( 4 rmini# I, B nit# &i( d an In&#rmati#n &#r >urd r against a''us d$a"" ((ant +#s "! Cas * a(ias RBur(R, a(( gingC %!at #n #r a)#ut t! 31st da* #& >ar'!, 1268, in t! muni'i"a(it* #&

Criminal Procedure
C#ns"ira'*, vid nt "r m ditati#n, tr a'! r* and ta.ing advantag #& su" ri#r str ngt! ar simi(ar(* a(( g d in )#t! in&#rmati#ns, N# :t nuating 'ir'umstan' is (i. -is a(( g d in )#t!, %!us t! amendment of the information as far as accused)appellant Case' is concerned is one of form and not of substance as it is not prejudicial to his rights. $ %! t st as t# -! t! r a d & ndant is "r /udi' d )* t! am ndm nt #& an in&#rmati#n !as ) n said t# ) -! t! r a d & ns und r t! in&#rmati#n as it #rigina((* st##d -#u(d ) avai(a)( a&t r t! am ndm nt is mad , and -! t! r an* vid n' d & ndant mig!t !av -#u(d ) 3ua((* a""(i'a)( t# t! in&#rmati#n in t! #n &#rm as in t! #t! r, A (##. int# 1ur /uris"rud n' #n t! matt r s!#-s t!at an am ndm nt t# an in&#rmati#n intr#du' d a&t r t! a''us d !as "( ad d n#t gui(t* t! r t#, -!i'! d# s n#t '!ang t! natur #& t! 'rim a(( g d t! r in, d# s n#t :"#s t! a''us d t# a '!arg -!i'! '#u(d 'a(( &#r a !ig! r " na(t*, d# s n#t a&& 't t! ss n' #& t! #&& ns #r 'aus sur"ris #r d "riv t! a''us d #& an #""#rtunit* t# m t t! n - av rm nt !ad a'! ) n ! (d t# ) #n #& &#rm and n#t #& su)stan' \ n#t "r /udi'ia( t# t! a''us d and, t! r &#r , n#t "r#!i)it d )* S 'ti#n 13, Ru( 110 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, 2, 67S Reasoning % Ind d, a''us d$a"" ((ant +#s "! Cas * gav an :tra/udi'ia( s-#rn stat m nt t!at ! m t a''us d$a"" ((ant Ri'ard# F (i: and an#t! r " rs#n nam d Rud* in Cu)a#, Ou 8#n Cit* #n t!at &at &u( da*, 4#- v r, t! r is n# s!#-ing t!at t!is m ting -as "ur"#s (* arrang d t# "(an t! .i((ing #& t! vi'tim, In &a't, t! &#((#-ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs in t! said s-#rn stat m nt s!#- t!at t! r -as n# "r '#n' iv d d sign t# .i(( t! vi'tim, $ %! r is vid nt "r m ditati#n -! n t! .i((ing !ad ) n 'ar &u((* "(ann d )* t! #&& nd r #r -! n ! !ad "r vi#us(* "r "ar d t! m ans -!i'! ! !ad '#nsid r d ad 3uat t# 'arr* it #ut, -! n ! !ad "r "ar d ) &#r !and t! m ans suita)( &#r 'arr*ing it int# : 'uti#n, -! n ! !as !ad su&&i'i nt tim t# '#nsid r and a'' "t t! &ina( '#ns 3u n' s, and -! n t! r !ad ) n a '#n' rt d "(an, 4E It !as a(s# ) n ! (d t!at t# a""r 'iat t! 'ir'umstan' s #& vid nt "r m ditati#n, it is n ' ssar* t# sta)(is! t! &#((#-ing; <1= t! tim -! n t! #&& nd r d t rmin d t# '#mmit t! 'rim ; <2= t! a't mani& st(* indi'ating t!at t! 'u("rit !as '(ung t# !is d t rminati#n; and <3= a su&&i'i nt (a"s #& tim ) t- n t! d t rminati#n and : 'uti#n t# sn#- !im t# r &( 't u"#n t! '#ns 3u n' s #& !is a't and t# a((#- !is '#ns'i n' t# #v r'#m t! r s#(uti#n #& !is -i(( !ad ! d sir d t# ! ar. n t# its -arning, $ Fr#m t! ans- rs #& a''us d$a"" ((ant Cas * in said s-#rn stat m nt, it 'an ) g( an d t!at t! .i((ing -as n#t a "r '#n' iv d "(an, It -as n#t "r ' d d )* an* r &( 'ti#n #r d " t!#ug!t, It -as /ust a s"#ntan #us d 'isi#n r a'! d -! n t! vi'tim start d t# run a-a* u"#n ) ing a""r#a'! d )* a''us d$a"" ((ant Ri'ard# F (i:, $ %! r ar ind d t-# a''us d$a"" ((ants in t!is 'as '!arg d -it! t! murd r #& n#t #n vi'tim )ut su" ri#rit* in num) r d# s n#t n ' ssari(* m an su" ri#rit* in str ngt!, It is n ' ssar* t# s!#- t!at t! aggr ss#rs R'##" rat d in su'! a -a* as t# s 'ur advantag &r#m t! ir su" ri#rit* in str ngt!,R 3, 67S Reasoning $ A(t!#ug! t! r is n# dir 't s!#-ing t!at t! a''us d !ad '#ns"ir d t#g t! r, )ut t! ir a'ts and t! att ndant 'ir'umstan' s dis'(#s t!at

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'#mm#n m#tiv t!at -#u(d ma. a''us d Ri'ard# F (i: as a '#$"rin'i"a( -it! t! a'tua( s(a* r, +#s "! Cas *, 5it!#ut d#u)t, ! " r&#rm d #v rt a'ts in &urt! ran' #& t! '#ns"ira'*, $ Ri'ard# F (i:Qs #v rt a'ts '#nsist in instigating t! "ursuit #& t! d ' as d, in &iring a s!#t at !im and in giving +#s "! Cas * n'#urag m nt )* !is arm d "r s n' -!i( t! (att r in&(i't d t! &ata( -#unds #n t! d ' as d, Fr#m t! :tra/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n #& t! a''us d$a"" ((ant +#s "! Cas *, it 'an a(s# ) in& rr d t!at Ri'ard# F (i: -as t! m#ving &a't#r #& t! vi( a't " r" trat d )* t! &#rm r against t! vi'tim, 5!i( it -as +#s "! Cas * -!# in&(i't d t! m#rta( -#unds t!at 'aus d t! d at! #& t! vi'tim, ! did s# #ut #& !is " rv rt d s ns #& &ri nds!i" #r '#m"ani#ns!i" -it! Ri'ard# F (i:, 4, 67S Reasoning $ '(aim is un'#rr#)#rat d and '#ntrar* t# t! t stim#n* #& t! * -itn ss, > r' d s Pa(#m#, $ %! &a't t!at t! vi'tim sustain d &#ur sta) -#unds -!i( t! a''us d '#m"(ain d m r (* #& a)rasi#ns #n !is )a'. indi'at s t! &a(sit* #& t! '(aim, Dispositive t! /udgm nt #& t! tria( '#urt und r aut#mati' r vi - is >1;IFI7; in t!at t! a''us d$a"" ((ants +#s "! Cas * and Ri'ard# F (i: ar &#und gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim #& !#mi'id -it!#ut an* att nding 'ir'umstan' s and s!#u(d ) s nt n' d t# reclusion temporal in its m dium " ri#d, But a""(*ing t! Ind t rminat S nt n' ?a-, a'! #& t! a''us d is s nt n' d t# an ind t rminat " na(t* #& t n * ars #& prision ma'or& as minimum, t# s v nt n * ars and &#ur m#nt!s #& reclusion temporal& as ma:imum, %! a''us d ar (i. -is s nt n' d t# ind mni&* t! ! irs #& t! d ' as d A(&r d# @a(d 8 in t! am#unt #& %57?@7 %41KSAN; P7S1S /#int(* and s v ra((*, and t# "a* t! '#sts,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

-as &#und and r '#v r d, Fran'is'# 7str ((a, a P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* s#(di r stati#n d at Bu(a'an, and > ( 'i# Gu varra, a(( '#ns"iring t#g t! r, -it!#ut t! .n#-( dg and '#ns nt #& t! #-n r t! r #&, ta. , st a( and 'arr* a-a* #n <1= B d&#rd tru'. -it! C!assis N#, 153552, -it! >#t#r N#, 2M54M5M6, -it! P(at N#, %$35042, S ri s #& 1264, t# t! damag and "r /udi' #& t! #-n r, >aria Igna'i#$ Fran'is'# in t! am#unt #& P23,000,00, va(u #& said v !i'( , $ 1n N#v m) r 15, 1262, t! A'ting Cit* Fis'a( #& San +#s Cit*, <'#nv rt d int# 'it*= Nu va 7'i/a, &i( d an in&#rmati#n <Crim, Cas N#, CCC$I@$190= -it! t! r s"#nd nt C#urt, '!arging "rivat r s"#nd nt Fran'is'# 7str ((a and t!r #t! rs, -it! 3ua(i&i d t! &t, %!is tim t! in&#rmati#n '#ntain d AAug, 1262B inst ad #& AAug, 1264B in t! "r vi#us in&#rmati#n and a(( g d grav a)us #& '#n&id n' and t!at a''us d dismant( d t! v !i'( , $ 1n +anuar* 28, 1290, "rivat r s"#nd nt Fran'is'# 7str ((a -as arraign d, and ! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, ;uring t! arraignm nt, r s"#nd nt$ +udg r 3uir d !is '( r. t# r ad t! in&#rmati#n t# Fran'is'# 7str ((a, Fr#m +anuar* 28, 1290, u" t# >a* 21, 1290, t! (att r dat ) ing t! s'! du( d tria( #& t! 'as , t! "r#s 'uti#n n v r m#v d t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n, $ 1n >a* 21, 1290 -! n t! "r#s 'uti#n -as s'! du( d t# "r s nt its vid n' , it v r)a((* m#v d t!at it ) a((#- d t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n s# as t# '!ang t! dat #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns &r#m RAugust 1262R t# RAugust 1264,R Privat r s"#nd nt Fran'is'# 7str ((a, !aving '#m t# t! tria( '#urt r ad* t# d & nd !ims (& &r#m an #&& ns a(( g d(* '#mmitt d in RAugust 1262R, vig#r#us(* #)/ 't d t# t! v r)a( m#ti#n, $ R s"#nd nt +udg -it!! (d !is ru(ing #n t! "r#s 'uti#nQs m#ti#n t# am nd, and inst ad, r 3uir d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its &irst -itn ss, t# d t rmin -! t! r t! s#ug!t am ndm nt in t! in&#rmati#n -#u(d '#nstitut a '!ang #& su)stan' a&& 'ting t! rig!ts #& t! a''us d #r m r (* #& &#rm, $ F(#r ntin# A('antara, #rigina((* a '#$a''us d )ut dis'!arg d as a "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss, t sti&i d t!at t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d in 1264, %! d & ns r &us d t# 'r#ss$ :amin -itn ss A('antara, as. d r s"#nd nt C#urt t# stri. #&& t! t stim#n* #& A('antara ) 'aus it r & rr d t# an #&& ns n#t m nti#n d in t! in&#rmati#n, and as. d &#r a ru(ing )* r s"#nd nt C#urt #n t! "r#s 'uti#nQs v r)a( m#ti#n t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n, $ R s"#nd nt +udg r 3uir d t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! d & ns t# su)mit m m#randa, %! '#nt st d #rd r #& +u(* 22, 1290, d n*ing t! "r#s 'uti#nQs v r)a( m#ti#n t# am nd in&#rmati#n #n t! gr#und t!at said am ndm nt -#u(d "r /udi' t! su)stantia( rig!ts #& t! a''us d -as issu d, ISSUE 51N t! r s"#nd nt C#urt a)us d its dis'r ti#n -! n it r &us d an am ndm nt t# t! in&#rmati#n t# '!ang t! dat #& t! a(( g d '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns &r#m RAugust 1262R t# RAugust 1264R, #n t! gr#und it -#u(d '#nstitut an im"airm nt #& t! su)stantia( rig!ts #& t! a''us d as guarant d )* t! C#nstituti#n, HELD N1 Ratio 5!i( it !as ) n ! (d t!at :' "t -! n tim is a mat ria( ingr di nt #& an #&& ns , t! "r 'is tim #& '#mmissi#n n d n#t )

PEOPLE v REYES 108 SCRA 203 C1NC7PCI1N, +R; 1't#) r 23, 1281
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari -it! "ra* r &#r "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n #n t! #rd r dat d +u(* 10, 1290, #& t! r s"#nd nt +udg , <4#n, A(&r d# C, R * s #& t! Cir'uit Crimina( C#urt, 4t! +udi'ia( ;istri't, Ca)anatuan Cit*= in Crimina( Cas N#, CCC$I@$190$N7, RP #"( v Fran'is'# 7str ((a,R -!i'! d ni d " titi#n rQs v r)a( m#ti#n &#r t! am ndm nt #& t! in&#rmati#n in said 'as , )* d ( ting t! * ar R1262R as a(( g d t! r in, and in (i u t! r #& t# "ut t! * ar R1264 R, FACTS $ S#m tim in 1't#) r, an in&#rmati#n &#r 3ua(i&i d t! &t -as &i( d against "rivat r s"#nd nt Fran'is'# 7str ((a and t!r #t! rs, as Crimina( Cas N#, 6922, in t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& San +#s , Nu va 7'i/a, " rtin nt "#rti#n as &#((#-sC %!at in t! m#nt! #& August& 789:, in t! muni'i"a(it* #& San +#s , "r#vin' #& Nu va 7'i/a, P!i(i""in s and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v nam d a''us d Nar'is# >ananing ) ing t! driv r #& '#m"(ainant >aria Igna'i#$ Fran'is'#, F(#r ntin# A('antara, r "air s!#" #-n r -! r t! tru'. ! r ina&t r d s'ri) d

Criminal Procedure
stat d in t! in&#rmati#n, t!is C#urt stat d t!at t!is d# s n#t m an t!at t! "r#s 'uting #&&i' r ma* ) 'ar ( ss a)#ut &i:ing t! dat #& t! a(( g d 'rim , #r t!at ! ma* #mit t! dat a(t#g t! r, #r t!at ! ma* ma. t! a(( gati#n s# ind &init as t# am#unt t# t! sam t!ing, %! "r#s 'uti#n is giv n t! '!an' t# a(( g an a""r#:imati#n #& tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns and t! "r 'is dat n d n#t ) stat d )ut it d# s n#t m an t!at it 'an "r#v an* dat r m#t #r &ar r m#v d &r#m t! giv n a""r#:imat dat s# as t# sur"ris and "r /udi' t! a''us d, Reasoning % %! " ri#d #& a(m#st &iv * ars ) t- n 1249 and 1252 '#v rs su'! a (#ng str t'! #& tim t!at #n 'ann#t ! (" )ut ) ( d t# ) (i v t!at an#t! r t! &t di&& r nt &r#m t!at '#mmitt d )* t! '#$d & ndants in 1252 -as a(s# " r" trat d )* t! m in 1249, Knd r t!is im"r ssi#n t! a''us d, -!# 'am t# C#urt "r "ar d t# &a' a '!arg #& t! &t #& (arg 'att( a(( g d(* '#mmitt d )* t! m in 1252, - r ' rtain(* 'aug!t )* sudd n sur"ris u"#n ) ing '#n&r#nt d )* vid n' t nding t# "r#v a simi(ar #&& ns '#mmitt d in 1249, %! varian' is ' rtain(* un&air t# t! m, &#r it vi#(at s t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!ts t# ) in&#rm d ) &#r t! tria( #& t! s" 'i&i' '!arg against t! m and d "riv s t! m #& t! #""#rtunit* t# d & nd t! ms (v s, >#r #v r, t! * 'ann#t ) '#nvi't d #& an #&& ns #& -!i'! t! * - r n#t '!arg d, <P #"( v 1" mia= Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! 3u sti#n d #rd rs dat d +u(* 10, 1290 and S "t m) r 14, 1290, )* r s"#nd nt +udg ar ! r )* AFFIR>7;, t! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n issu d #n S "t m) r 24, 1290 diss#(v d, and t!is " titi#n ;IS>ISS7; &#r (a'. #& m rit, 5it!#ut '#sts, :oting F rnand 8,F A)ad Sant#s and ; Castr#, ++,, '#n'ur,

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'an t!us ) s n t!at a(( a(#ng t!is '(aim d 'ir'umstan' -as .n#-n t# t! "r#s 'uti#n )ut it -as n#t a(( g d, $C#uns ( &#r t! a''us d #""#s d t! m#ti#n t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n )ut t! r s"#nd nt /udg grant d t! m#ti#n ISSUE 51N an in&#rmati#n &#r t! 'rim #& !#mi'id 'an ) am nd d s# as t# '!arg t! 'rim #& murd r a&t r t! a''us d !ad nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t* HELD N1, $ %! "r#visi#n -!i'! is r ( vant t# t! "r#)( m is Ru( 110, S ', 13 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt $ %! " titi#n r inv#. s t! &irst "aragra"!, -! r as t! r s"#nd nt r (i s #n t! s '#nd, $ %# am nd t! in&#rmati#n s# as t# '!ang t! 'rim '!arg d &r#m !#mi'id t# t! m#r s ri#us #&& ns #& murd r a&t r t! " titi#n r !ad "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! &#rm r is indu)ita)(* "r#s'ri) d )* t! &irst "aragra"! #& t! a)#v $3u#t d "r#visi#n, F#r ' rtain(* a '!ang &r#m !#mi'id t# murd r is n#t a matt r #& &#rm; it is #n #& su)stan' -it! v r* s ri#us '#ns 3u n' s, $ Can t! am ndm nt ) /usti&i d und r t! s '#nd "aragra"!H %! ans- r is, N#, F#r t! "r#visi#n s" a.s n#t #& am ndm nt )ut #& dismissa( #& t! in&#rmati#n, in #t! r -#rds t! "r#visi#n '#nt m"(at s t! &i(ing #& a su)stitut , n#t an am nd d in&#rmati#n $ Can n#t t! in&#rmati#n &#r !#mi'id against t! " titi#n r ) dismiss d sin' n# /udgm nt !as * t ) n r nd r d and an#t! r in&#rmati#n &#r murd r ) &i( dH %! ans- r, again, is, N#, F#r t! " titi#n r !aving "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# !#mi'id , t# dismiss t! '!arg against !im s# as t# &i( an#t! r '!arg &#r murd r -i(( "(a' !im t! r )* in d#u)( / #"ard*, A3uin# '#n'urC $ r s"#nd nt +udg r (i d #n ;ima(i)#t vs, Sa(' d# $ %! ;ima(i)#t 'as is di&& r nt &r#m t! instant 'as , %! "( a in t! ;ima(i)#t 'as -as mad during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t# a '#m"(aint &#r !#mi'id &i( d in t! /usti' #& t! " a' '#urt, %!at is n#t t! "( a '#nt m"(at d in S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 119 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, %! "( a in t! instant 'as -as mad t# an in&#rmati#n &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ K"#n arraignm nt, Si:t# Rui8 "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! t-# in&#rmati#ns, $ A r inv stigati#n #& t! s t-# 'as s -as mad in t! ; "t, #& +usti' , &#((#-ing -!i'! Stat Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n &#r ( av #& '#urt t# am nd t! in&#rmati#ns #n t! gr#und t!at t! vid n' dis'(#s d a "rima &a'i 'as against ?uis Padi((a and >agsi.a" 1ng'! n'# -!# a't d in '#ns"ira'* -it! Rui8, $ Rui8 &i( d !is #""#siti#n t# t! m#ti#n, $ %! tria( +udg d ni d t! m#ti#n t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n sa*ing t!at a((#-an' #& t! am ndm nt a(( ging '#ns"ira'* -#u(d ) am nding t! mann r #& '#mmitting t! 'rim and t! r )* -#u(d '#nstitut su)stantia( am ndm nt, $ As a '#ns 3u n' , Stat Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d t-# n - in&#rmati#ns &#r &rustrat d !#mi'id against ?uis Padi((a and >agsi.a" 1ng'! n'# <Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2693 and 2694= a(( ging t!at t! t-# '#ns"ir d -it! Rui8 -!# -as r & rr d t# as a''us d in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 4949 and 4948, $ Padi((a and 1ng'! n'# m#v d t# 3uas! t! t-# n - in&#rmati#ns, %! m#ti#n -as d ni d )* t! (#- r '#urt, $ Rui8 a(s# &i( d in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2693 and 2694 a m#ti#n t# " rmit t# 3uas! andM#r stri. #ut t! a(( gati#n #& '#ns"ira'* in t! t-# in&#rmati#ns, %! tria( +udg #rd r d t! stri.ing #ut &r#m t! r '#rds t! a&#r said m#ti#n and '(ari&i d t!at At! a(( gati#n #& '#ns"ira'* d# s n#t a(t r t! t! #r* #& t! 'as , n#r d# s it intr#du' inn#vati#n n#r d# s it "r s nt a(t rnativ im"utati#n n#r is it in'#nsist nt -it! t! -it! t! #rigina( a(( gati#ns,B $ Fr#m t! s #rd rs #& t! (#- r '#urt, Rui8, Padi((a, and 1ng'! n'# - nt t# t! CA #n a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n a(( ging t!at t! tria( +udg :' d d !is /urisdi'ti#n #r a)us d !is /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n in issuing t! #rd rs in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2693 and 2694, $ CA grant d " titi#n, %! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n )* ! r in " titi#n rs t# t! &#r g#ing d 'isi#n #& t! CA -as d ni d &#r (a'. #& m rit, ISSUE 51N t! CA 1ng'! n'#= rr d in granting t! " titi#n #& <Rui8, Padi((a, and

SEPARATE OPINION BARREDO G.$0.u*H

I '#n'ur, )ut I ) (i v t!is d 'isi#n 'ann#t )ar an#t! r "r#s 'uti#n #& "rivat r s"#nd nt und r an#t! r in&#rmati#n '!arging t! &t '#mmitt d in 1264,

DIONALDO v DACUYCUY 108 SCRA 936 ABA; SAN%1S; 1't#) r 30, 1281
NATURE P titi#n t# nu((i&* #rd rs #& r s"#nd nt /udg FACTS $P titi#n r R#(and# ;i#na(d# stands '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& !#mi'id , A&t r ! nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, t! "r#s 'uti#n &i( d a m#ti#n &#r ( av t# am nd t! in&#rmati#n, atta'!ing t! r t# an am nd d in&#rmati#n '!arging t! a''us d -it! murd r 3ua(i&i d )* tr a'! r* and vid nt "r m ditati#n$a m#r s ri#us #&& ns , $N# :"(anati#n -as giv n in t! m#ti#n &#r a(( ging vid nt "r m ditati#n )ut as t# t! a(( gati#n #& tr a'! r* it -as :"(ain d t!at, Rt! a&&idavit #& t! '#m"(aining -itn ss indi'at s t!at t! atta'. -as sudd n and it -as #n(* a&t r t! * sustain d t! -#unds '#ns 3u nt t# t! tr a'! r#us atta'. t!at t! * - r &#r' d t# &ig!t )a'. t# r " ( &urt! r aggr ssi#n,R It

PEOPLE v CA :RUIZ< 121 SCRA 933 R7?1@AC A"ri( 28, 1283

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n t# r vi - t! d 'isi#n and r s#(uti#n #& t! CA FACTS $ As a r su(t #& a s!##ting in'id nt, t-# in&#rmati#ns &#r &rustrat d !#mi'id - r &i( d against Si:t# Rui8 in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a(, $ In Crimina( Cas N#, 4949, 7rn st# B ((# -as nam d as t! vi'tim, -!i( in Crimina( Cas N# 4948, R#g (i# B ((# -as t! '#m"(ainant,

HELD 67S $ First and &#r m#st, t! tria( +udg s!#u(d !av a((#- d t! am ndm nt in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 4949 and 4948 '#nsid ring t!at t! am ndm nts s#ug!t - r #n(* &#rma(, $ %! am ndm nts #& Crimina( Cas s N#s, 4949 and 4948 -#u(d n#t !av "r /udi' d Rui8 -!#s "arti'i"ati#n as "rin'i"a( in t! 'rim s '!arg d did n#t '!ang , $ But t! &a't t!at t! tria( '#urt rr d in d n*ing t! m#ti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# am nd t! in&#rmati#ns in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 4949 and 4948 -as n# )ar t# t! &i(ing #& t! n - in&#rmati#ns, %! a(( gati#n in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2693 and 2694 &i( d against Padi((a and 1ng'! n'# t!at t! t-# '#ns"ir d and '#n& d rat d -it! Rui8 m r (* d s'ri) t! &a't t!at t! (att r -as a(r ad* '!arg d -it! t! sam #&& ns , It is in'#rr 't t# sa* t!at t! a(( gati#ns #& '#ns"ira'* in'(ud Rui8 as a d & ndant in t! said 'as , %!us, ! 'ann#t &i( a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! sam ,

Criminal Procedure
Dispositive ; 'isi#n and r s#(uti#n #& t! CA ar S7% ASI;7, ; 'isi#ns #& (#- r '#urt a((#-ing r t nti#n #& t! a(( gati#n #& '#ns"ira'* and t! r & r n' t# Crimina( Cas s N#s, 4949 and 4948 in t! in&#rmati#ns &i( d in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2693 and 2694 ar SKS%AIN7;,

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as am nd d, 1n t! #t! r !and, an am ndm nt -!i'! m r (* stat s -it! additi#na( "r 'isi#n s#m t!ing -!i'! is a(r ad* '#ntain d in t! #rigina( in&#rmati#n, and -!i'!, t! r &#r , adds n#t!ing ss ntia( &#r '#nvi'ti#n &#r t! 'rim '!arg d is an am ndm nt t# &#rm t!at 'an ) mad at an*tim , $ %! "r#"#s d am ndm nts in t! am nd d in&#rmati#n, in t! instant 'as , ar '( ar(* su)stantia( and !av t! && 't #& '!anging t! 'rim '!arg d &r#m RR#)) r*R "unis!a)( und r Arti'( 202 t# RR#)) r* in an Knin!a)it d P(a' R "unis!a)( und r Art, 302 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , t! r )* :"#sing t! "rivat r s"#nd nts$a''us d t# a !ig! r " na(t* as '#m"ar d t# t! " na(t* im"#sa)( &#r t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! #rigina( in&#rmati#n t# -!i'! t! a''us d !ad a(r ad* nt r d a "( a #& Rn#t gui(t*R during t! ir arraignm nt, $ >#r #v r, t! '!ang in t! it ms, arti'( s and "i ' s #& / - (r* a(( g d(* st#( n int# ntir (* di&& r nt arti'( s &r#m t!#s #rigina((* '#m"(ain d #&, a&& 'ts t! ss n' #& t! im"ut d 'rim , and -#u(d d "riv t! a''us d #& t! #""#rtunit* t# m t a(( t! a(( gati#ns in t! am nd d in&#rmati#n, in t! "r "arati#n #& t! ir d & ns s t# t! '!arg &i( d against t! m, It -i(( ) #)s rv d t!at "rivat r s"#nd nts - r a''us d as a'' ss#ri s$a&t r$t! $&a't #& t! min#r Ri'ard# Ca)a(#8a -!# !ad a(r ad* ) n '#nvi't d #& r#)) r* #& t! it ms (ist d in t! #rigina( in&#rmati#n, %# '!arg t! m n#- as a'' ss#ri s$a&t r$t! $&a't &#r a 'rim di&& r nt &r#m t!at '#mmitt d )* t! "rin'i"a(, -#u(d ) mani& st(* in'#ngru#us as t# ) a((#- d )* t! C#urt, $ %! a(( gati#n #& '#ns"ira'* am#ng a(( t! "rivat r s"#nd nts$a''us d, -!i'! -as n#t "r vi#us(* in'(ud d in t! #rigina( in&#rmati#n, is (i. -is a su)stantia( am ndm nt sadd(ing t! r s"#nd nts -it! t! n d #& a n d & ns in #rd r t# m t a di&& r nt situati#n in t! tria( '#urt, %# a((#- at t!is stag t! "r#"#s d am ndm nt a(( ging '#ns"ira'* am#ng a(( t! a''us d, -i(( ma. a(( #& t! (att r (ia)( n#t #n(* &#r t! ir #-n individua( transgr ssi#ns #r a'ts )ut a(s# &#r t! a'ts #& t! ir '#$'#ns"irat#rs, Dispositive P titi#n is ;IS>ISS7;, 1rd rs #& t! r s"#nd nt '#urt AFFIR>7;, %R1 (i&t d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

administrativ #&&i' rs, and )##.. " rs #& R gi#na( 4 a(t! 1&&i' N#, 9 at Lam)#anga Cit*, $ At a)#ut 2C30 a,m,, -!i( t! PK 'ar -as n g#tiating a s(ig!t 'urv #n t! nati#na( !ig!-a* at .i(#m t r 21 in Barri# Guisu.an, Sindangan, Lam)#anga d ( N#rt , said 'ar '#((id d -it! an #n'#ming "ass ng r )us <N#, 25= -it! "(at N#, 99$4 5 L,N, 91 #-n d and #" rat d )* t! >a'tan %ransit C#,, In', and driv n )* d & ndant, P dr# %uma(a, As a r su(t #& t! a&#r said '#((isi#n, " titi#n rs sustain d vari#us "!*si'a( in/uri s -!i'! n ' ssitat d t! ir m di'a( tr atm nt and !#s"ita(i8ati#n, $ A(( ging t!at )#t! driv rs #& t! PK 'ar and t! "ass ng r )us - r at t! tim #& t! a''id nt driving t! ir r s" 'tiv v !i'( s at a &ast '(i", in a r '.( ss, gr#ss(* n g(ig nt and im"rud nt mann r in gr#ss vi#(ati#n #& tra&&i' ru( s and -it!#ut du r gard t# t! sa& t* #& t! "ass ng rs a)#ard t! PK 'ar, " titi#n rs, G rman C, Gar'ia, ?umin#sa ?, Gar'ia, and 7st r Fran'is'#, &i( d #n S "t m) r 1, 1291 -it! r s"#nd nt C#urt #& First Instan' #& >isamis 1''id nta( an a'ti#n &#r damag s <Civi( Cas N#, 2850= against t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, #-n rs and driv rs, r s" 'tiv (*, #& t! PK 'ar and t! "ass ng r )us t!at &igur d in t! '#((isi#n, -it! "ra* r &#r "r (iminar* atta'!m nt, $ %! "rin'i"a( argum nt advan' d )* >a'tan In', t, a( t# in a m#ti#n t# dismiss -as t!at t! " titi#n rs !ad n# 'aus #& a'ti#n &#r #n August 11, 1291, #r 20 da*s ) &#r t! &i(ing #& t! "r s nt a'ti#n &#r damag s, r s"#nd nt P dr# %uma(a -as '!arg d in Crimina( Cas N#, 4260 #& t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Sindangan, Lam)#anga d ( N#rt , in a '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! C!i & #& P#(i' and t!at, -it! t! &i(ing #& t! a&#r said 'rimina( 'as , n# 'ivi( a'ti#n '#u(d ) &i( d su)s 3u nt t! r t# un( ss t! 'rimina( 'as !as ) n &ina((* ad/udi'at d, "ursuant t# S ', 3 #& Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, and, t! r &#r , t! &i(ing #& t! instant 'ivi( a'ti#n is "r matur , ) 'aus t! (ia)i(it* #& t! m"(#* r is m r (* su)sidiar* and d# s n#t aris unti( a&t r &ina( /udgm nt !as ) n r nd r d &inding t! driv r, P dr# %uma(a, gui(t* #& n g(ig n' ; t!at Art, 33 #& t! N - Civi( C#d , is n#t a""(i'a)( ) 'aus Art 33 a""(i d #n(* t# t! 'rim s #& "!*si'a( in/uri s #r !#mi'id , n#t t# t! n g(ig nt a't #r im"rud n' #& t! driv r, $ %! (#- r '#urt sustain d >a'tan In', t, A(, and dismiss d t! '#m"(aint ISSUES 1, 51N t! (#- r '#urt rr d in dismissing t! '#m"(aint &#r damag s #n t! gr#und t!at sin' n# :"r ss r s rvati#n -as mad )* t! '#m"(ainants, t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'rimina( 'as -#u(d !av t# ) d t rmin d #n(* a&t r t! t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as 2, 51N t! (#- r '#urt rr d in sa*ing t!at t! a'ti#n is n#t )as d #n 3uasi$d (i't sin' t! a(( gati#ns #& t! '#m"(aint in 'u("a a3ui(iana must n#t ) taint d )* an* ass rti#n #& vi#(ati#n #& (a- #r tra&&i' ru( s #r r gu(ati#ns and ) 'aus #& t! "ra* r in t! '#m"(aint as.ing t! C#urt t# d '(ar t! d & ndants /#int(* and s v ra((* (ia)( &#r m#ra(, '#m" nsat#r* and : m"(ar* damag s HELD 1, 67S Ratio An a'ti#n )as d #n 3uasi$d (i't ma* ) maintain d ind " nd nt(* &r#m a 'rimina( a'ti#n, B' instituting a civil action based on a $uasi)delict& a complainant ma' be deemed to abandon his;her right to press recover' for damages in the criminal case,

PEOPLE v MONTENEGRO 152 SCRA 236 PA;I??A; >ar'! 25, 1288

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n andM#r r straining #rd r FACTS $ %! Cit* Fis'a( #& Ou 8#n Cit*, t!ru Assistant Fis'a( @irginia G, @a(d 8, &i( d an In&#rmati#n &#r RR#)) r*R ) &#r t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a( against Ant#ni# Cimarra, K("ian# @i((ar, Ba*ani Catindig and Av (in# d ? #n, Said a''us d <n#- "rivat r s"#nd nts= - r a(( m m) rs #& t! "#(i' &#r' #& Ou 8#n Cit* and - r '!arg d as a'' ss#ri s$a&t r$ t! $&a't in t! r#)) r* '#mmitt d )* t! min#r Ri'ard# Ca)a(#8a, -!# !ad a(r ad* "( ad d gui(t* and !ad ) n '#nvi't d in a 'rimia( 'as ) &#r t! +uv ni( and ;#m sti' R (ati#ns C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit*, Ri'ard# Ca)a(#8a -as '#nvi't d &#r t! r#)) r* #& t! sam it ms, arti'( s and "i ' s #& / - (r* ) (#nging t# ;ing @ (a*#, In', va(u d at P95,521,40, $ K"#n arraignm nt, a(( #& t! a''us d <n#- "rivat r s"#nd nts= nt r d a "( a #& Rn#t gui(t*R t# t! '!arg &i( d against t! m, $ 4#- v r, ) &#r t! tria( '#u(d "r#' d, t! "r#s 'uting &is'a( &i( d a >#ti#n t# Admit Am nd d In&#rmati#n s .ing t# am nd t! #rigina( in&#rmati#n )*C <1= '!anging t! #&& ns '!arg d &r#m RR#)) r*R t# RR#)) r* in an Knin!a)it d P(a' ,R <2= a(( ging '#ns"ira'* am#ng a(( t! a''us d, and <3= d ( ting a(( it ms, arti'( s and "i ' s #& / - (r* a(( g d t# !av ) n st#( n in t! #rigina( In&#rmati#n and su)stituting t! m -it! a di&& r nt s t #& it ms va(u d at P91,336,80, $ Privat r s"#nd nts #""#s d t! admissi#n #& t! Am nd d In&#rmati#n, %! r s"#nd nt '#urt r s#(v d t# d n* t! "r#"#s d am ndm nts '#ntain d in t! Am nd d In&#rmati#n, P titi#n r m#v d &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! a&#r said #rd r )ut t! r s"#nd nt '#urt d ni d said m#ti#n; ! n' , t!is " titi#n, ISSUE 51N t! am nd d in&#rmati#n s!#u(d ) admitt d HELD $ Am ndm nt #& an in&#rmati#n und r S ', 14, Ru( 110 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur <&#rm r(*, S 'ti#n 13, Ru( 110 #& t! #(d Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur = ma* ) mad at an* tim ) &#r t! a''us d nt rs a "( a t# t! '!arg , %! r a&t r and during t! tria(, am ndm nts t# t! in&#rmati#n ma* a(s# ) a((#- d, as t# matt rs #& &#rm, "r#vid d t!at n# "r /udi' is 'aus d t# t! rig!ts #& t! a''us d, $ %! t st as t# -! n t! rig!ts #& an a''us d ar "r /udi' d )* t! am ndm nt #& a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is -! n a d & ns und r t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, as it #rigina((* st##d, -#u(d n# (#ng r ) avai(a)( a&t r t! am ndm nt is mad , and -! n an* vid n' t! a''us d mig!t !av , -#u(d ) ina""(i'a)( t# t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n

GARCIA v FLORIDO 52 SCRA 420 AN%1NI1; August 31, 1293

NATURE A"" a( )* ' rti#rari &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >isamis 1''id nta(, dismissing " titi#n rsQ a'ti#n &#r damag s against r s"#nd nts, >a'tan %ransit C#,, In', and P dr# %uma(a, R-it!#ut "r /udi' t# r &i(ing t! said 'ivi( a'ti#n a&t r '#nvi'ti#n #& t! d & ndants in t! 'rimina( 'as &i( d )* t! C!i & #& P#(i' #& Sindangan, Lam)#anga d ( N#rt R, and &r#m t! #rd r #& said C#urt dat d +anuar* 21, 1292, d n*ing " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, FACTS $ 1n August 4, 1291, " titi#n rs, G rman C, Gar'ia, C!i & #& t! >isamis 1''id nta( 4#s"ita(, t#g t! r -it! !is -i& , ?umin#sa ?, Gar'ia, and 7st r Fran'is'#, )##.. " r #& said !#s"ita(, !ir d and )#ard d a PK 'ar -it! "(at N#, 241$8 G 18amis 91 #-n d and #" rat d )* r s"#nd nt, >ar' (in# In sin, and driv n )* r s"#nd nt, Ri'ard# @a*s#n, &#r a r#undtri" &r#m 1r#3ui ta Cit* t# Lam)#anga Cit*, &#r t! "ur"#s #& att nding a '#n& r n' #& '!i &s #& g#v rnm nt !#s"ita(s, !#s"ita(

Criminal Procedure
Reasoning % In t! 'as at )ar, t! r is n# 3u sti#n t!at " titi#n rs n v r int rv n d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n institut d )* t! C!i & #& P#(i' against r s"#nd nt P dr# %uma(a, mu'! ( ss !as t! said 'rimina( a'ti#n ) n t rminat d it! r )* '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta( #& said a''us d, $ It is, t! r &#r , vid nt t!at )* t! instituti#n #& t! "r s nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, " titi#n rs !av in && 't a)and#n d t! ir rig!t t# "r ss r '#v r* &#r damag s in t! 'rimina( 'as , and !av #"t d inst ad t# r '#v r t! m in t! "r s nt 'ivi( 'as , $ As a r su(t #& t!is a'ti#n #& " titi#n rs t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& "rivat r s"#nd nts t# t! &#rm r !as ' as d t# ) inv#(v d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, Knd#u)t d(* an #&& nd d "art* (#s s !is rig!t t# int rv n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a 'rimina( 'as , n#t #n(* -! n ! !as -aiv d t! 'ivi( a'ti#n #r :"r ss(* r s rv d !is rig!t t# institut , )ut a(s# -! n ! !as a'tua((* institut d t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, F#r )* it! r #& su'! a'ti#ns !is int r st in t! 'rimina( 'as !as disa"" ar d, $ As - !av stat d at t! #uts t, t! sam n g(ig nt a't 'ausing damag s ma* "r#du' a 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m 'rim #r 'r at an a'ti#n &#r 3uasi$d (i't #r 'u("a :tra'#ntra'tua(, %! &#rm r is a vi#(ati#n #& t! 'rimina( (a-, -!i( t! (att r is a distin't and ind " nd nt n g(ig n' , !aving a(-a*s !ad its #-n &#undati#n and individua(it*, S#m ( ga( -rit rs ar #& t! vi - t!at in a''#rdan' -it! Arti'( 31, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n )as d u"#n 3uasi$d (i't ma* "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( "r#' ding &#r 'rimina( n g(ig n' and r gard( ss #& t! r su(t #& t! (att r, 4 n' , Rt! "r#vis# in S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111 -it! r & r n' t# , , , Arti'( s 32, 33 and 34 #& t! Civi( C#d is '#ntrar* t# t! ( tt r and s"irit #& t! said arti'( s, &#r t! s arti'( s - r dra&t d , , , and ar int nd d t# '#nstitut as :' "ti#ns t# t! g n ra( ru( stat d in -!at is n#- S 'ti#n 1 #& Ru( 111, %! "r#vis#, -!i'! is "r#' dura(, ma* a(s# ) r gard d as an unaut!#ri8 d am ndm nt #& su)stantiv (a-, Arti'( s 32, 33 and 34 #& t! Civi( C#d , -!i'! d# n#t "r#vid &#r t! r s rvati#n r 3uir d in t! "r#vis#,R % But in -!at v r -a* 5 vi - t! instituti#n #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r r '#v r* #& damag s und r 3uasi$d (i't )* " titi#n rs, -! t! r as #n t!at s!#u(d ) g#v rn d )* t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s -!i'! r 3uir r s rvati#n )* t! in/ur d "art* '#nsid ring t!at )* t! instituti#n #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n v n ) &#r t! '#mm n' m nt #& t! tria( #& t! 'rimina( 'as , " titi#n rs !av t! r )* &#r '(#s d t! ir rig!t t# int rv n t! r in, #r #n -! r r s rvati#n t# &i( t! 'ivi( a'ti#n n d n#t ) mad , &#r t! r as#n t!at t! (a- its (& <Arti'( 33 #& t! Civi( C#d = a(r ad* ma. s t! r s rvati#n and t! &ai(ur #& t! #&& nd d "art* t# d# s# d# s n#t )ar !im &r#m )ringing t! a'ti#n, und r t! " 'u(iar 'ir'umstan' s #& t! 'as , 5 &ind n# ( ga( /usti&i'ati#n &#r r s"#nd nt '#urtQs #rd r #& dismissa(, 2, 67S, ) 'aus t! a'ti#n in &a't satis&i s t! ( m nts #& 3uasi$d (i't, Ratio An a'ti#n s!a(( ) d m d t# ) )as d #n a 3uasi$d (i't -! n a(( t! ss ntia( av rm nts und r Arti'( s 2196$2124 #& t! N - Civi( C#d ar "r s nt, nam (*C <a= a't #r #missi#n #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts; <)= "r s n' #& &au(t #r n g(ig n' #r t! (a'. #& du 'ar in t! #" rati#n #& t! "ass ng r )us N#, 25 )* r s"#nd nt P dr# %uma(a r su(ting in t! '#((isi#n #& t! )us -it! t! "ass ng r 'ar; <'= "!*si'a( in/uri s and #t! r damag s sustain d )* " titi#n rs as a r su(t #& t! '#((isi#n; <d= :ist n' #& dir 't 'ausa( '#nn 'ti#n ) t- n t! damag #r "r /udi' and t! &au(t #r n g(ig n' #& "rivat r s"#nd nts; and < = t! a)s n' #& "r $ :isting '#ntra'tua( r (ati#ns ) t- n t! "arti s,

a2010 page 22
Reasoning % %! 'ir'umstan' t!at t! '#m"(aint a(( g d t!at r s"#nd nts vi#(at d tra&&i' ru( s in t!at t! driv r dr#v t! v !i'( Rat a &ast '(i" in a r '.( ss, gr#ss(* n g(ig nt and im"rud nt mann r in vi#(ati#n #& tra&&i' ru( s and -it!#ut du r gard t# t! sa& t* #& t! "ass ng rs a)#ard t! PK 'arR d# s n#t d tra't &r#m t! natur and '!ara't r #& t! a'ti#n, as #n )as d #n 'u("a a3ui(iana, %! vi#(ati#n #& tra&&i' ru( s is m r (* d s'ri"tiv #& t! &ai(ur #& said driv r t# #)s rv &#r t! "r#t 'ti#n #& t! int r sts #& #t! rs, t!at d gr #& 'ar , "r 'auti#n and vigi(an' -!i'! t! 'ir'umstan' s /ust(* d mand, -!i'! &ai(ur r su(t d in t! in/ur* #n " titi#n rs, C rtain(* :' ssiv s" d in vi#(ati#n #& tra&&i' ru( s is a '( ar indi'ati#n #& n g(ig n' , Sin' t! sam n g(ig nt a't r su(t d in t! &i(ing #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n )* t! C!i & #& P#(i' -it! t! >uni'i"a( C#urt <Crimina( Cas N#, 4260= and t! 'ivi( a'ti#n )* " titi#n rs, it is in vita)( t!at t! av rm nts #n t! driv rsQ n g(ig n' in )#t! '#m"(aints -#u(d su)stantia((* ) t! sam , It s!#u(d ) m"!asi8 d t!at t! sam n g(ig nt a't 'ausing damag s ma* "r#du' a 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m a 'rim und r Art, 100 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d #r 'r at an a'ti#n &#r 3uasi$d (i't #r 'u("a :tra$'#ntra'tua( und r Arts, 2196$2124 #& t! N Civi( C#d , %!is distin'ti#n !as ) n am"(* :"(ain d in Barr d# vs, Gar'ia, t a(( <93 P!i(, 609, 620$621=, $ It is tru t!at und r S ', 2 in r (ati#n t# S ', 1 #& Ru( 111 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt -!i'! ) 'am && 'tiv #n +anuar* 1, 1264, in t! 'as s "r#vid d &#r )* Arti'( s 31, 33, 32 and 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d , an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n ntir (* s "arat and distin't &r#m t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, ma* ) institut d )* t! in/ur d "art* during t! " nd n'* #& t! 'rimina( 'as , "r#vid d said "art* !as r s rv d !is rig!t t# institut it s "arat (*, )ut it s!#u(d ) n#t d, !#- v r, t!at n it! r S 'ti#n 1 n#r S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111 &i: s a tim (imit -! n su'! r s rvati#n s!a(( ) mad ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

RODRIGUEZ v GADIANE 425 SCRA 368 %INGA; +u(* 19, 2006
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari FACTS $ %!#masita R#drigu 8 <" titi#n r= -as t! "rivat '#m"(ainant in a 'rimina( 'as &i( d against R#(and# Gadian and Ri'ard# Ra&#(s, +r, <r s"#nd nts=, &#r vi#(ati#n #& B,P, 22, %! >%C ! aring t! '#m"(aint !ad sus" nd d t! 'rimina( "r#' ding #n t! gr#und t!at a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n -as "#s d in a s "arat 'ivi( 'as t! n " nding, 1n 28 F ), 2001, " titi#n r &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari und r Ru( 65 ) &#r t! R%C, Bran'! 12, s .ing t# s t asid t! >%C #rd r #& sus" nsi#n, %! " titi#n -as d#'. t d as Civi( Cas N#, C7B$26125, $ R s"#nd nts &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss t! " titi#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! " titi#n -as &i( d )* t! "rivat '#m"(ainant, inst ad #& t! g#v rnm nt "r#s 'ut#r r "r s nting t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s in 'rimina( 'as s, R%C dismiss d t! " titi#n &#r (a'. #& '#n&#rmit* #r signatur #& t! g#v rnm nt "r#s 'ut#r, P titi#n r m#v d >FR )ut -as d ni d, Fr#m t! s #rd rs, " titi#n r &i( d t! instant " titi#n &#r r vi -, Petitioners Claim %!at a " rs#n aggri v d ma* &i( a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari and t!at A" rs#nB in'(ud s t! '#m"(ainant #r t! #&& nd d "art*, A s" 'ia( a'ti#n #n an #rd r issu d )* a (#- r '#urt in a 'rimina( 'as ma* ) &i( d )* t! "rivat #&& nd d "art*, Respondentss Comment In a(( 'rimina( 'as s, a(( initiat#r* "( adings, as - (( as su)s 3u nt "r#' dings, must ) initiat d )* t! g#v rnm nt '#uns ( ) 'aus t! in/ur d "art* is t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s and t! "rivat '#m"(ainant is a m r -itn ss t# t! #&& ns a(( g d(* '#mmitt d )* t! a''us d, People v. Dacudao and (etropolitan Bank and Trust Compan' v. <eridiano ** a""(*, su'! t!at a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in a 'rimina( 'as !as n# aut!#rit* t# a't &#r t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, It is t! g#v rnm nt0s '#uns (, t! S#($G n, -!# a"" ars in 'rimina( 'as s #r in'id nts ) &#r SC, ISSUE 51N a "rivat #&& nd d "art* in a 'rimina( "r#' ding ma* &i( a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari und r Ru( 65, assai(ing an int r(#'ut#r* #rd r, -it!#ut t! '#n&#rmit* #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r HELD 67S Ratio I& 'rimina( 'as is dismiss d )* t! tria( '#urt #r i& t! r is an a'3uitta(, t! a"" a( #n t! 'rimina( as" 't #& t! 'as must ) institut d )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( in ) !a(& #& t! Stat , %! 'a"a)i(it* #& t! "rivat '#m"(ainant t# 3u sti#n su'! dismissa( #r a'3uitta( is (imit d #n(* t# t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as , <(etrobank v. <eridiano **=, But i& t! #rd r -!i'! is assai( d is n#t #n dismissing t! 'as #r a'3uitting r s"#nd nts M d & ndants, t! r is n# (imitati#n t# t! 'a"a'it* #& t! "rivat '#m"(ainant t# s . /udi'ia( r vi - #& t! assai( d #rd r, Reasoning $ D1E A s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari ma* ) &i( d )* an aggri v d "art* a(( ging grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n am#unting t# :' ss #r (a'. #&

SEPARATE OPINION BARREDO G.$0.u*H

$ I -#u(d (i. t# (imit m* '#n'urr n' , $ Arti'( 2196 and 2199 d &init (* 'r at a 'ivi( (ia)i(it* distin't and di&& r nt &r#m t! 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! #&& ns #& n g(ig n' und r t! R vis d P na( C#d , Sin' Civi( Cas N#, 2850 is "r di'at d #n t! a)#v 'ivi( '#d arti'( s and n#t #n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* im"#s d )* t! R vis d P na( C#d , I 'ann#t s -!* a r s rvati#n !ad t# ) mad in t! 'rimina( 'as , As t# t! s" 'i&i' m nti#n #& Arti'( 2199 in S 'ti#n 2 #& t! Ru( 111, it is m* '#nsid r d vi - t!at t! (att r "r#visi#n is in#" rativ , it ) ing su)stantiv in '!ara't r and is n#t -it!in t! "#- r #& t! Su"r m C#urt t# "r#mu(gat , and v n i& it - r n#t su)stantiv )ut ad/ 'tiv , it 'ann#t stand ) 'aus #& its in'#nsist n'* -it! Arti'( 2199, an na'tm nt #& t! ( gis(atur su" rs ding t! Ru( s #& 1240, - B sid s, t! a'tua( &i(ing #& Civi( Cas N#, 2850 s!#u(d ) d m d as t! r s rvati#n r 3uir d, t! r ) ing n# s!#-ing t!at "r /udi' '#u(d ) 'aus d )* d#ing s#, $ A''#rding(*, I '#n'ur in t! /udgm nt r v rsing t! #rd r #& dismissa( #& t! tria( '#urt in #rd r t!at Civi( Cas N#, 2850 ma* "r#' d, su)/ 't t# t! (imitati#n m nti#n d in t! (ast s nt n' #& Arti'( 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d , -!i'! m ans t!at #& t! t-# "#ssi)( /udgm nts, t! in/ur d "art* is ntit( d :'(usiv (* t# t! )igg r #n ,

Criminal Procedure
/urisdi'ti#n #n t! "art #& t! tria( '#urt, In a (#ng (in #& 'as s, t!is C#urt '#nstru d t! t rm Aaggri v d "arti sB t# in'(ud t! Stat and t! "rivat #&& nd d "art* #r '#m"(ainant, %! '#m"(ainant !as an int r st in t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as s# ! ma* &i( su'! s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n 3u sti#ning t! d 'isi#n #r a'ti#n #& t! r s"#nd nt '#urt #n /urisdi'ti#na( gr#unds, In s# d#ing, '#m"(ainant s!#u(d n#t )ring t! a'ti#n in t! nam #& t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, %! a'ti#n ma* ) "r#s 'ut d in nam #& said '#m"(ainant, $ D2E In t!is 'as , t! r is n# d#u)t t!at " titi#n r maintains an int r st in t! (itigati#n #& t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as against r s"#nd nts, S 'ti#n 1<)=, Ru( 111 #& 2000 Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur stat s t!at t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r vi#(ati#n #& B,P, 22 s!a(( ) d m d t# in'(ud t! '#rr s"#nding 'ivi( a'ti#n, 4 n' , t! "#ssi)( '#nvi'ti#n #& r s"#nd nts -#u(d '#n'urr nt(* "r#vid a /udgm nt &#r damag s in &av#r #& " titi#n r, %! sus" nsi#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as -!i'! " titi#n r d 'ri s -#u(d n ' ssari(* 'aus d (a* in t! r s#(uti#n #& t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! said 'as -!i'! "r 'is (* is t! int r st and '#n' rn #& " titi#n r, Su'! int r st -arrants "r#t 'ti#n &r#m t! '#urts, Dispositive= P titi#n is GRAN%7;, %! assai( d #rd rs #& R%C ar S7% ASI;7, Civi( Cas N#, C7B$26125 is R7INS%A%7;

a2010 page 23
'#ntra't "ri' , t! (att r mad su)stantia( "a*m nts in t! m#nt!s #& +un t# August 1283, 1n 10 August 1283, ! "aid t! sum #& P12,522,30 as !is a(( g d &u(( "a*m nt &#r ?#t, N#, 16, a&t r -!i'!, %S;C 'aus d t# ) issu d in t! nam #& t! " titi#n r t! tit( t# said (#t, 1n 9 N#v m) r 1283, " titi#n r "aid %S;C t! am#unt #& P36,069,29, -!i'! -as a(( g d(* !is &u(( "a*m nt &#r t! r maining t!r <3= ?#ts, nam (*, ?#ts N#s, 13, 14 and 15, A '#rr s"#nding r ' i"t &#r said am#unt -as a(s# issu d )* %S;C t# t! " titi#n r, $%! r a&t r, &r#m ; ' m) r 1283 u" t# +un 1284, " titi#n r d mand d &r#m %S;C t! issuan' in !is &av#r #& t! ' rti&i'at s #& tit( &#r t! t!r <3= (#ts, (ast "aid &#r, )ut t! "rivat r s"#nd nts <%S;C and ?a8atin= r &us d #n t! gr#und t!at t! " titi#n r !ad n#t &u((* "aid &#r said t!r <3= (#ts, $S#m tim in +anuar*, 1283, %S;CQs B#ard #& ;ir 't#rs a""r#v d t! " titi#n rQs '#nt m"(at d "ur'!as #& t! a&#r said (#ts, %# '#n&irm t! agr m nt, r s"#nd nt ?a8atin -r#t " titi#n r a ( tt r r it rating standard '#nditi#ns #& t! sa( , -!i'! t! " titi#n r a(( g d(* a'' "t d )* a&&i:ing !is '#n&#rmit* t# said ( tt r, %! '#nditi#ns &#r t! sa( #& t! (#ts - r am#ng #t! rs, R<i= 10] d#-n "a*m nt -it! a '#mmitm nt t# '#mm n' '#nstru'ti#n t! r &r#m <t! r #n= in #n m#nt!Qs tim ; <ii= said '#nstru'ti#n t# ) &inis! d -it!in a " ri#d #& si: <6= m#nt!s; and, <iii= t! && 'tiv "ri' -as P90 " r s3uar m t r -it! a r )at #& P10,00 " r s3uar m t r u"#n '#m"( ti#n #& t! !#us in si: <6= m#nt!s,R But, as a(( g d )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, " titi#n r '#mm n' d t! '#nstru'ti#n #& a !#us #n #n (#t )ut &ai( d t# &inis! it -it!in t! sti"u(at d " ri#d #& si: <6= m#nt!s, And as t# t! #t! r (#ts, " titi#n r a(( g d(* &ai( d a(t#g t! r t# '#nstru't !#us s #n t! m, $Privat r s"#nd nts '#nt nd t!at sin' " titi#n r did n#t '#m"(* -it! t! agr m nt, ! -as n#t ntit( d t# t! 10] r )at in "ri' , and as a '#ns 3u n' , t! "r vi#us "a*m nts mad )* " titi#n r did n#t am#unt t# &u(( "a*m nt as r 3uir d &#r a(( t! (#ts and -!i'! -#u(d !av ntit( d " titi#n r t# t! issuan' and d (iv r* #& t! ' rti&i'at s #& tit( t# a(( t! (#ts, $1n 26 +u(* 1284, " titi#n r, &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r s" 'i&i' " r&#rman' -it! damag s, -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Ang ( s Cit*, Bran'! ?J, d#'. t d as Civi( Cas N#, 4224, In !is '#m"(aint, " titi#n r "ra* d, am#ng #t! rs, t!at /udgm nt ) r nd r d #rd ring "rivat r s"#nd nts t# d (iv r t# !im t! trans& r ' rti&i'at s #& tit( '#v ring t! t!r <3= (#ts -!i'! ! !ad a(( g d(* &u((* "aid &#r, and -!i'! "rivat r s"#nd nts !ad r &us d t# d# s#, A(s#, it -as "ra* d t!at /udgm nt ) r nd r d #rd ring t! "rivat r s"#nd nts t# /#int(* and s v ra((* "a* t! " titi#n r, a'tua( damag s 3ua( t# P320,000,00, r "r s nting unr a(i8 d gr#ss "r#&its; m#ra( damag s at t! dis'r ti#n #& t! '#urt; and, att#rn *Qs & s 3ua( t# P15,000,00, "(us t! '#sts #& t! a'ti#n, $B &#r t! 'ivi( a'ti#n -as &i( d, " titi#n r a(s# &i( d #n 5 +un 1284 -it! t! Cit* Fis'a( #& Ang ( s Cit* a 'rimina( '#m"(aint against ! r in r s"#nd nt >anu ( ?a8atin, &#r vi#(ati#n #& Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 259, s" 'i&i'a((* S 'ti#n 25 t! r #&, -!i'! "r#vid sC RPR7SI;7N%IA? ;7CR77 N1, 259 R7GK?A%ING %47 SA?7 1F SKB;I@ISI1NS ?1%S AN; C1N;1>INIK>S, PR1@I;ING P7NA?%I7S F1R @I1?A%I1NS %47R71F, S7C, 25, Issuan' #& %it( , %! #-n r #r d v (#" r s!a(( d (iv r t! tit( #& t! (#t #r unit t# t! )u* r u"#n &u(( "a*m nt #& t! (#t #r unit, N# & , :' "t t!#s r 3uir d &#r t! r gistrati#n #& t! d d #& sa( in t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

R gistr* #& ; ds s!a(( ) '#(( 't d &#r t! issuan' #& su'! tit( , In t! v nt a m#rtgag #v r t! (#t #r unit is #utstanding at t! tim #& t! issuan' #& t! tit( t# t! )u* r, t! #-n r #r d v (#" r s!a(( r d m t! m#rtgag #r t! '#rr s"#nding "#rti#n t! r #& -it!in si: m#nt!s su'! issuan' in #rd r t!at t! tit( #v r an* &u((* "aid (#t #r unit ma* ) s 'ur d and d (iv r d t# t! )u* r in a''#rdan' ! r -it!, S7C, 32, P na(ti s, An* " rs#n -!# s!a(( vi#(at an* #& t! "r#visi#ns #& t!is ; 'r andM#r an* ru( #r r gu(ati#n t!at ma* ) issu d "ursuant t# t!is ; 'r , s!a((, u"#n '#nvi'ti#n, ) "unis! d )* a &in #& n#t m#r t!an t- nt* t!#usand <P20,000,00= " s#s andM#r im"ris#nm nt #& n#t m#r t!an t n * arsC Pr#vid d, t!at in t! 'as #& '#r"#rati#ns, "artn rs!i", '##" rativ s, #r ass#'iati#ns, t! Pr sid nt, >anag r #r Administrat#r #r t! " rs#n -!# !as '!arg #& t! administrati#n #& t! )usin ss s!a(( ) 'rimina((* r s"#nsi)( &#r an* vi#(ati#n #& t!is ; 'r andM#r t! ru( s and r gu(ati#ns "r#mu(gat d "ursuant t! r t#,R $1n 13 S "t m) r 1284, an in&#rmati#n -as &i( d against r s"#nd nt ?a8atin, $P titi#n r &i( d #n 23 F )ruar* 1285 a m#ti#n t# '#ns#(idat Civi( Cas N#, 4224 and Crimina( Cas N#, 6929, ; s"it t! #)/ 'ti#n and #""#siti#n #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, in an 1rd r dat d 20 >ar'! 1285, t! tria( '#urt grant d t! m#ti#n and #rd r d '#ns#(idati#n #& t! t-# <2= 'as s, $At t! "r $tria( ! aring #& )#t! 'as s, " titi#n rsQs '#uns ( a"" ar d as '#uns ( &#r t! "(ainti&& in Civi( Cas and as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! Crimina( Cas , Privat r s"#nd nts #)/ 't d, and &i( d t! ir >#ti#n and 1""#siti#n t# A"" aran' #& P(ainti&& as Privat Pr#s 'ut#r -it! r s" 't t# t! tria( #& t! Crimina( Cas ; t! #""#siti#n -as #v rru( d )* t! tria( '#urt, $Privat r s"#nd nts &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n -it! t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt, s .ing t! annu(m nt #& t! #rd rs #& t! tria( '#urt, dat d 20 >ar'! 1285 and 22 >a* 1285, In du '#urs , t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt r nd r d a d 'isi#n &av#ra)( t# ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nts, $%! d 'isi#n #& t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt -as r ' iv d )* " titi#n rQs '#uns ( #n 16 1't#) r 1285, 1n 30 1't#) r 1285, " titi#n rQs '#uns ( &i( d -it! t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt a >#ti#n &#r 7:t nsi#n #& %im t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& a&#r said d 'isi#n, "ra*ing &#r &i&t n <15= da*s &r#m 31 1't#) r 1285, -it!in -!i'! t# &i( said m#ti#n, $1n 15 N#v m) r 1285, " titi#n rQs '#uns ( &i( d a S '#nd >#ti#n &#r 7:t nsi#n #& %im t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, "ra*ing &#r an#t! r &i&t n <15= da*s &r#m 15 N#v m) r 1285, -it!in -!i'! t# &i( said m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, It -as d ni d stating am#ng #t! rs t!at t! &i&t n <5= da*s " ri#d t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n is n#n$ :t ndi)( , $1n 2 ; ' m) r 1285, " titi#n rQs '#uns ( sti(( &i( d !is m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n it -as a(s# d ni d, ISSUES 1, 51N n# m#ti#n &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n ma* ) &i( d -it! t! > tr#"#(itan #r >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urts, t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urts, and t! Int rm diat A"" ((at C#urt as a""(i d in t! 4a)a(u*as ru( 2, 51N t! 'ivi( and 'rimina( 'as s!#u(d ) '#ns#(idat d

NAGUIAT v IAC :TIMOG SILANGAN DE>ELOPMENT CORP< 164 SCRA 505 PA;I??A; August 18, 1288
NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - #n ' rti#rari t! d 'isi#n #& t! Int rm diat A"" ((at C#urt FACTS $%im#g Si(angan ; v (#"m nt C#r"#rati#n <%S;C, &#r s!#rt= is a d#m sti' '#r"#rati#n ngag d in t! )usin ss #& d v (#"ing and s ((ing su)divisi#n (#ts in R%im#g Par.,R (#'at d in Ang ( s Cit*, -it! >anu ( P, ?a8atin <?a8atin, &#r s!#rt= as its Pr sid nt, $ Ant#(in %, Naguiat "ur'!as d, #n insta((m nt )asis, &#ur <4= (#ts &r#m %S;C, id nti&i d as ?#ts N#s, 13, 14, 15 and 16, #& B(#'. 26 #& %im#g Par., 7a'! (#t '#nsists #& 300 s3uar m t rs, %! &#ur <4= (#ts !av a t#ta( ar a #& 1,200 s3uar m t rs, -it! a "ri' #& P60,00 " r s3uar m t r, 1n t! sam dat <9 F )ruar* 1283= " titi#n r mad a d#-n "a*m nt #& P9,200,00, r "r s nting 10] #& t! a(( g d t#ta( "ri' #& P92,000,00 &#r t! &#ur <4= (#ts, A '#rr s"#nding r ' i"t &#r t! d#-n"a*m nt -as issu d )* %S;C t# t! " titi#n r, 5!i( t! C#ntra't t# S (( ) t- n %S;C and t! " titi#n r sti"u(at d a t-#$* ar " ri#d -it!in -!i'! t# "a* t! t#ta(

Criminal Procedure
HELD 1, N1 $ In t! 'as at )ar, t! " titi#n r &i( d !is m#ti#ns &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #n 30 1't#) r 1285 and 15 N#v m) r 1285, )#t! -it!in t! " ri#ds s#ug!t t# ) :t nd d, 4 n' t! 4a)a(u*as ru(ing did n#t * t a""(* t# )ar said m#ti#ns &#r :t nsi#n, As admitt d )* " titi#n r !ims (&, ! &i( d -it! t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt t-# <2= m#ti#ns &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! (att r '#urtQs d 'isi#n, -it! t! /usti&i'ati#n t!at t! t-# <2= m#ti#ns - r tim (* and "r#" r(* "r s nt d, sin' t! * - r &i( d ) &#r t! :"irati#n #& t! r s" 'tiv " ri#ds s#ug!t t# ) :t nd d, $ %! 'as #& 4a)a(u*as 7nt r"ris s, In', v, +a"8#n, !as ru( d t!atC RB ginning #n m#nt! a&t r t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t!is R s#(uti#n, t! ru( s!a(( ) stri't(* n&#r' d t!at n# m#ti#n &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n ma* ) &i( d -it! t! > tr#"#(itan #r >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urts, t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urts, and t! Int rm diat A"" ((at C#urt,R $ Bas d #n t! a&#r 3u#t d ru(ing #& t! 4a)a(u*as 'as , m#ti#ns &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n ma* n# (#ng r ) &i( d ) &#r a(( '#urts, (#- r t!an t! Su"r m C#urt, %! ru( in 4a)a(u*as a""(i s v n i& t! m#ti#n is &i( d ) &#r t! :"irati#n #& t! " ri#d s#ug!t t# ) :t nd d, ) 'aus t! &i&t n <15= da* " ri#d &#r &i(ing a m#ti#n &#r n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n -it! said '#urts, is n#n$ :t ndi)( , But as r s#(v d a(s# in t! 4a)a(u*as 'as , t! ru( t!at n# m#ti#n &#r :t nsi#n #& tim t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r n - tria( #r r '#nsid rati#n ma* ) &i( d -it! t! > tr#"#(itan #r >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urts, t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urts, and t! Int rm diat A"" ((at C#urt, s!a(( ) stri't(* n&#r' d R) ginning #n m#nt! a&t r t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t!is R s#(uti#n,R %! C#urt "r#mu(gat d t! 4a)a(u*as r s#(uti#n #n 30 >a* 1286, %!us, t! 4a)a(u*as ru(ing ) 'am && 'tiv , and stri't(* n&#r' d, #n(* ) ginning 1 +u(* 1286, 2, 67S $ In t! 'as s at )ar, t! natur #& t! issu s inv#(v d, at ( ast, t! &a'tua( issu s in t! 'ivi( and 'rimina( a'ti#ns ar a(m#st id nti'a(, i, ,, -! t! r #r n#t " titi#n r !ad &u((* "aid &#r t! (#ts ! "ur'!as d &r#m t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, s# as t# ntit( !im t# t! d (iv r* #& t! ' rti&i'at s #& tit( t# said (#ts, %! vid n' in )#t! 'as s, (i. -is , -#u(d virtua((* ) t! sam , -!i'! ar , t! C#ntra't t# S ((, t! ( tt r -!i'! '#ntains t! '#nditi#ns &#r t! "ur'!as #& t! (#ts and, t# -!i'! " titi#n r a(( g d(* a&&i: d !is '#n&#rmit*, t! #&&i'ia( r ' i"ts &#r t! a(( g d "a*m nts mad )* t! " titi#n r, and #t! r r (at d d#'um nts, $ Bas d #n t! &#r g#ing, and '#nsid ring t!at t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &i( d is #n &#r vi#(ati#n #& a s" 'ia( (a- -! r , irr s" 'tiv #& t! m#tiv s, m r '#mmissi#n #& t! a't "r#!i)it d )* said s" 'ia( (a-, '#nstitut s t! #&& ns , t! n t! int rv nti#n #& t! " titi#n rQs '#uns (, as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, -i(( n#t "r /udi' t! su)stantia( rig!ts #& t! a''us d, $ %! '#ns#(idati#n #& t! t-# 'as s in 3u sti#n, -! r " titi#n rQs '#uns ( ma* a't as '#uns ( &#r t! "(ainti&& in t! 'ivi( 'as and "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! 'rimina( 'as , -i(( inst ad ) '#ndu'iv t# t! ar(* t rminati#n #& t! t-# <2= 'as s, and -i(( r d#und t# t! ) n &it and '#nv ni n' #& t! "arti s; as - (( as t# t! s" d* administrati#n #& /usti' , $ As a gr#und &#r t! '#ns#(idati#n #& t! 'rimina( and 'ivi( 'as s, " titi#n r inv#. s Ru( 111, S ', 3<a=, Ru( s #& C#urt, -!i'! "r#vid sC

a2010 page 24
RS ', 3, 1t! r 'ivi( a'ti#ns arising &r#m #&& ns s, 5! n v r t! #&& nd d "art* s!a(( !av institut d t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t# n&#r' t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns , as '#nt m"(at d in t! &irst "aragra"! #& S 'ti#n 1 ! r #&, t! &#((#-ing ru( s s!a(( ) #)s rv dC <a= QA&t r a 'rimina( a'ti#n !as ) n '#mm n' d, t! " nding 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam #&& ns s!a(( ) sus" nd d, in -!at v r stag it ma* ) &#und unti( &ina( /udgm nt in t! 'rimina( "r#' ding !as ) n r nd r d, 4#- v r, i& n# &ina( /udgm nt !as ) n r nd r d )* t! tria( '#urt in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, t! sam ma* ) '#ns#(idat d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n u"#n a""(i'ati#n -it! t! '#urt tr*ing t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, I& t! a""(i'ati#n is grant d, t! vid n' "r s nt d and admitt d in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n s!a(( ) d m d aut#mati'a((* r "r#du' d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, -it!#ut "r /udi' t# t! admissi#n #& additi#na( vid n' t!at an* "art* ma* -is! t# "r s nt, Knd r t! a&#r 3u#t d "r#visi#n, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t!at ma* ) '#ns#(idat d -it! a 'rimina( a'ti#n, is #n &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! 'rimina( #&& ns , #r : d (i't#, In t! 'as at )ar, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &i( d )* t! " titi#n r -as &#r s" 'i&i' " r&#rman' -it! damag s, %! main r (i & s#ug!t in t! (att r 'as , i, ,, t! d (iv r* #& t! ' rti&i'at s #& tit( t# t! (#ts -!i'! " titi#n r !ad a(( g d(* &u((* "aid &#r, -as gr#und d #n t! C#ntra't t# S (( ) t- n t! " titi#n r and t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, 4 n' t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &i( d )* t! " titi#n r -as &#r t! n&#r' m nt #& an #)(igati#n arising &r#m a '#ntra't, #r : '#ntra'tu, and n#t #n &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m an #&& ns ; ! n' , t! (a- inv#. d )* t! " titi#n r is ina""(i'a)( , $ But, as ! (d in Can#s v, P ra(ta, t! '#ns#(idati#n #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n -it! a 'ivi( a'ti#n arising n#t : d (i't#, ma* sti(( ) d#n , )as d u"#n t! :"r ss aut!#rit* #& S 'ti#n 1, Ru( 31 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, -!i'! "r#vid sC RS 'ti#n 1, C#ns#(idati#n, 5! n a'ti#ns inv#(ving a '#mm#n 3u sti#n #& (a- #r &a't ar " nding ) &#r t! '#urt, it ma* #rd r a /#int ! aring #r tria( #& an* #r a(( t! matt rs in issu in t! a'ti#ns; it ma* #rd r a(( t! a'ti#ns '#ns#(idat d; and it ma* ma. su'! #rd rs '#n' rning "r#' dings t! r in as ma* t nd t# av#id unn ' ssar* '#sts #r d (a*,R $ In Can#s v, P ra(ta, -! r t! C#urt sustain d t! #rd r #& a tria( '#urt t# '#ns#(idat a 'ivi( a'ti#n <an a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& -ag di&& r ntia(, #v rtim and t rminati#n "a*, "(us damag s= -it! a 'rimina( a'ti#n <&#r vi#(ati#n #& t! >inimum 5ag ?a-=, it -as ! (d t!atC RA C#urt ma* #rd r s v ra( a'ti#ns " nding ) &#r it t# ) tri d t#g t! r -! r t! * aris &r#m t! sam a't, v nt #r transa'ti#n, inv#(v t! sam #r (i. issu s, and d " nd (arg (* #r su)stantia((* #n t! sam vid n' , "r#vid d t!at t! '#urt !as /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as s t# ) '#ns#(idat d and t!at a /#int tria( -i(( n#t giv #n "art* an undu advantag #r "r /udi' t! su)stantia( rig!ts #& an* #& t! "arti s , , ,B $ %! #)vi#us "ur"#s #& t! a)#v ru( is t# av#id mu(ti"(i'it* #& suits, t# guard against #""r ssi#n and a)us , t# "r v nt d (a*s, t# '( ar '#ng st d d#'. ts, t# sim"(i&* t! -#r. #& t! tria( '#urt; in s!#rt t! attainm nt #& /usti' -it! t! ( ast :" ns and v :ati#n t# t! "arti s (itigants,R Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! " titi#n is GRAN%7;, %! d 'isi#n #& t! r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt, dat d 2 1't#) r 1285, is S7% ASI;7, %! 1rd rs #& t! tria( '#urt, in Civi( Cas N#, 4224 and Crimina( Cas N#, 6929, dat d 20 >ar'! 1285 and 22 >a* 1285 ar R7INS%A%7;, S1 1R;7R7;,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

CORPUS v PAJE BORDAS v CANADALLA REYES v SEMPIO-DIY 141 SCRA 208 PA%A+1; +anuar* 22, 1286
NATURE ;ir 't a"" a( #n a 3u sti#n #& (a- &r#m a r s#(uti#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <>a(a)#n=, FACTS $ >%C <Nav#tas=C Cristina >a(i'si -as '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& intriguing against !#n#r, L naida Cru8 R * s <" titi#n r= -as t! aggri v d "art*, In said 'rimina( 'as , R * s -as r "r s nt d )* a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r nam d Att*, Bara*ang, $ >a(i'si "( ad d gui(t* t# t! in&#rmati#n and -as s nt n' d t# "a* P50, B 'aus #& ! r "( a #& gui(t*, t! aggri v d "art* -as una)( t# "r s nt vid n' t# "r#v damag s against t! a''us d, R * s -as n#t a)( t# ma. a r s rvati#n #& ! r rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, $ Inst ad, s! &i( d a n - a'ti#n against Cristina >a(i'si and ! r !us)and -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt &#r damag s arising &r#m d &amat#r* -#rds -!i'! - r t! su)/ 't #& t! in&#rmati#n in t! Crimina( a'ti#n, $ At t! "r $tria( "(ainti&& admitt d t!at s! -as r "r s nt d )* a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! 'rimina( 'as against d & ndant Cristina >a(i'si and in said 'as s! did n#t r s rv t! rig!t t# &i( a s "arat a'ti#n &#r damag s, %! r -as a(s# admissi#n t!at t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r -as &#r "r#ving damag s against t! a''us d, $ %! issu in t! R%C -as 51N t! "(ainti&&, r "r s nt d )* a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r and t! &ai(ing t# ma. a r s rvati#n t# &i( a s "arat a'ti#n, -as )arr d &r#m &i(ing a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s against t! a''us d Cristina >a(i'si, R%C ru( d in &av#r #& t! d & ndant, $ R%CC A%! r is n# 3u sti#n t!at in d &amati#n 'as s <su'! as t! "r s nt= as in 'as s #& &raud and "!*si'a( in/uri s, a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s ntir (* s "arat and distin't &r#m t! 'rimina( a'ti#n ma* ) )r#ug!t )* t! in/ur d "art*, and su'! a'ti#n s!a(( "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n and s!a(( r 3uir #n(* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' , An :' "ti#n t# t! a)#v ru( ; -! n t! #&& nd d "art* a'tua((* int rv n s in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n )* a"" aring t! r in t!r#ug! a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r &#r t! "ur"#s #& r '#v ring ind mnit* &#r damag s, ! is d m d t# !av -aiv d !is rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s i& ! &ai( d t# ma. a r s rvati#n t! r &#r GB <+udgm nt in su'! a "r#' ding ) '#m s )inding as r s /udi'ata, a''#rding t# R#a v ; (a Cru8, %!us, "(ainti&& is )arr d=, ISSUE 51N int rv nti#n #& "rivat "r#s 'uti#n and &ai(ur t# ma. a r s rvati#n )ars "(ainti&& &r#m &i(ing a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s against t! a''us d HELD

Criminal Procedure
N1, "(ainti&& is n#t )arr d, Ratio %! m r a"" aran' #& a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! 'rimina( 'as d# s n#t n ' ssari(* '#nstitut su'! int rv nti#n #n t! "art #& t! aggri v d "art* as '#u(d #n(* im"#rt an int nti#n #n ! r "art t# "r ss ! r '(aim &#r damag s in said 'rimina( 'as and a -aiv r #& ! r rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, Reasoning % In t! R#a 'as , t! r -as a &u(($)(#-n ! aring -! r a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r "arti'i"at d a'tiv (* and t! r '#u(d ) n# 3u sti#n t!at t! aggri v d "art*Qs "arti'i"ati#n t!r#ug! t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in said 'as '( ar(* indi'at d ! r int nti#n t# !av ! r '(aim &#r damag s (itigat d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n against t! a''us d, It -as #n(* a&t r t! tria( #& t! 'as #n t! m rits t!at a d 'isi#n -as r nd r d &inding t! a''us d gui(t* #& s(ig!t s(and r and s nt n'ing ! r t# "a* a &in #& P50,00 )ut ma.ing n# a-ard #& damag s in &av#r #& t! aggri v d "art*, %! r as#n &#r t! C#urtQs n#t ma.ing an* a-ard #& damag s is ) 'aus #& t! &ai(ur #& t! aggri v d "art* t# su)mit vid n' t# su""#rt ! r '(aim &#r damag s, $ In t! "r s nt 'as , -!i( it is tru t!at R * s -as r "r s nt d )* a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r &#r t! "ur"#s #& "r#ving damag s, t! un :" 't d "( a #& gui(t )* t! a''us d and ! r ) ing s nt n' d imm diat (* t# a &in #& P50,00 "r v nt d " titi#n r &r#m "r#ving ! r '(aim &#r damag s and ma.ing a r s rvati#n t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n, C#ntr#((ing 'as s!#u(d ) > n s s v ?uat, and n#t R#a v ; (a Cru8, In t! R#a 'as , n#t #n(* -as t! #&& nd d "art* r "r s nt d )* a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, t! a'ti#n - nt t!r#ug! tria( #n t! m rits, In t! ?uat 'as , d & ndant ?uat did n#t "r#' d t# tria(, as ! "( ad d gui(t* u"#n arraignm nt, %! m r a"" aran' #& "rivat '#uns ( in r "r s ntati#n #& t! #&& nd d "art* did n#t '#nstitut su'! a'tiv int rv nti#n as '#u(d #n(* im"#rt an int nti#n t# "r ss a '(aim &#r damag s in t! sam a'ti#n, $ %! &ai(ur #& " titi#n r t# ma. a r s rvati#n t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n did n#t &#r '(#s ! r rig!t t# &i( said s "arat '#m"(aint &#r damag s, Knd r Arti'( 33 #& t! Civi( C#d t! r is n# r 3uir m nt t!at as a '#nditi#n t# t! &i(ing #& a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s a r s rvati#n t# &i( said 'ivi( a'ti#n ) &irst mad in t! 'rimina( 'as and su'! r s rvati#n is n#t n ' ssar*, t! "r#visi#n #& Ru( 111, S 'ti#n 2 n#t-it!standing, Dispositive P titi#n is grant d,

a2010 page 25
issu d /udi'ia( s ar'! -arrants; t!at during t! s raids, ' rtain m m) rs #& t! raiding "art* '#n&is'at d a num) r #& "ur (* " rs#na( it ms ) (#nging t# "(ainti&&s; t!at "(ainti&&s - r arr st d -it!#ut "r#" r -arrants issu d )* t! '#urts; t!at &#r s#m " ri#d a&t r t! ir arr st, t! * - r d ni d visits #& r (ativ s and (a-* rs; t!at "(ainti&&s - r int rr#gat d in vi#(ati#n #& t! ir rig!ts t# si( n' and '#uns (; t!at mi(itar* m n -!# int rr#gat d t! m m"(#* d t!r ats, t#rtur s and #t! r &#rms #& vi#( n' #n t! m in #rd r t# #)tain in'riminat#r* in&#rmati#n #r '#n& ssi#ns and in #rd r t# "unis! t! m; t!at a(( vi#(ati#ns #& "(ainti&&s '#nstituti#na( rig!ts - r "art #& a '#n' rt d and d (i) rat "(an t# &#r'i)(* :tra't in&#rmati#n and in'riminat#r* stat m nts &r#m "(ainti&&s and t# t rr#ri8 , !arass and "unis! t! m, said "(ans ) ing "r vi#us(* .n#-n t# and san'ti#n d )* d & ndants, $P(ainti&&s s#ug!t damag s <a'tua(M'#m" nsat#r*, m#ra(, : m"(ar*=, and att#rn *Qs & s, $; & ndants &i( d m#ti#n t# dismiss a(( ging t!at <1= "(ainti&&s ma* n#t 'aus a /udi'ia( in3uir* int# t! 'ir'umstan' s #& t! ir d t nti#n in t! guis #& a damag suit ) 'aus , as t# t! m, t! "rivi( g #& t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us is sus" nd d; <2= assuming t!at t! '#urts 'an nt rtain t! "r s nt a'ti#n, d & ndants ar immun &r#m (ia)i(it* &#r a'ts d#n in t! " r&#rman' #& t! ir #&&i'ia( duti s; and <3= t! '#m"(aint stat s n# 'aus #& a'ti#n against t! d & ndants, $P(ainti&&s &i( d t-# s "arat #""#siti#ns t# t! m#ti#n t# dismiss, $; & ndants &i( d a C#ns#(idat d R "(*, $R%C NCR Bran'! 25 +udg 5i(( (m# C, F#rtun issu d a r s#(uti#n granting t! m#ti#n t# dismiss, RA&t r a 'ar &u( stud* #& d & ndantsQ argum nts, t! '#urt &inds t! sam t# ) m rit#ri#us and must, t! r &#r , ) grant d, 1n t! #t! r !and, "(ainti&&sQ argum nts in t! ir #""#siti#n ar (a'.ing in m rit,R $P(ainti&&s &i( d m#ti#n t# s t asid t! #rd r dismissing t! '#m"(aint and a su""( m nta( m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, $; & ndants &i( d a '#mm nt #n t! a&#r said m#ti#n #& "(ainti&&s, &urnis!ing a '#"* t! r #& t# t! att#rn *s #& a(( t! "(ainti&&s, $; ' m) r 15, 1283C +udg F#rtun issu d an #rd r v#(untari(* in!i)iting !ims (& &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding in t! 'as and ( aving t! r s#(uti#n #& t! m#ti#n t# s t asid t! #rd r #& dismissa( t# +udg ?ising, Rt# "r '(ud an* sus"i'i#n t!at ! <+udg F#rtun= 'ann#t r s#(v Dt! E a&#r said " nding m#ti#n -it! t! '#(d n utra(it* #& an im"artia( /udg and t# "ut an nd t# "(ainti&&s ass rti#n t!at t! und rsign d !as n# aut!#rit* #r /urisdi'ti#n t# r s#(v said " nding m#ti#n,R $P(ainti&&s r s#(v d an am"(i&i'at#r* m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n sign d in t! nam #& t! Fr ? ga( Assistan' Gr#u" <F?AG= #& >a)ini ? ga( Aid C#mmitt , $>a* 2,1284C d & ndants &i( d a '#mm nt #n said am"(i&i'at#r* m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, $>a* 11, 1284C R%C +udg 7st )an ?ising, -it!#ut a'ting #n t! m#ti#n t# s t asid #rd r #& N#v m) r 8, 1283, issu d an #rd r d '(aring t!at sin' ' rtain "(ainti&&s &ai( d t# &i( a m#ti#n t# r '#nsid r t! 1rd r #& N#v m) r 8, 1283, dismissing t! '#m"(aint, n#r int r"#s d an a"" a( t! r &r#m -it!in t! r g( m ntar* " ri#d, as "ra* d &#r )* t! d & ndants, said 1rd r is n#- &ina( against said "(ainti&&s, $#n >a* 28,1284C "(ainti&&s &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, a(( ging t!at it -as n#t tru t!at t! "(ainti&&s m nti#n d in t! #rd r #& >a* 11, 1284 &ai( d t# &i( >R -it!in t! r g( m ntar* " ri#d, P(ainti&&s '(aim d t!at t! m#ti#n t# s t asid t! #rd r #& N#v m) r 8, 1283 and t! am"(i&i'at#r*

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -as &i( d &#r a(( t! "(ainti&&s, a(t!#ug! sign d )* #n(* s#m #& t! (a-* rs, $S "t m) r 21, 1284C R%C issu d #rd r d a(ing -it! )#t! m#ti#ns <1= t# r '#nsid r its #rd r #& >a* 11, 1284 d '(aring t!at -it! r s" 't t# ' rtain "(ainti&&s, t! r s#(uti#n #& N#v m) r 8, 1283 !ad a(r ad* ) '#m &ina(, and <2= t# s t asid its r s#(uti#n #& N#v m) r 8, 1283 granting t! d & ndantsQ m#ti#n t# dismiss, In && 't, t! 'as against t! d & ndants < :' "t &#r >a/#r R#d#(&# Aguina(d#, and >ast r Sgt, Bi nv nid# Ba(a)a r = -as dismiss d, $>ar'! 15, 1285C " titi#n rs <"(ainti&&s ) (#-= &i( d t! instant " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari s .ing t# annu( and s t asid R%CQs r s#(uti#n #& N#v m) r 8, 1283, its #rd r #& >a* 11, 1284, and its r s#(uti#n dat d S "t m) r 21, 1284, $R s"#nd nts &i( d '#mm nt #n t! " titi#n, N#v m) r 2, 1285, $A r "(* -as &i( d )* " titi#n rs #n August 26, 1286, ISSUES 1, 51N t! sus" nsi#n #& t! "rivi( g #& t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us )ars a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r i(( ga( s ar'! s '#ndu't d )* mi(itar* " rs#nn ( and #t! r vi#(ati#ns #& rig!ts and (i) rti s guarant d und r t! C#nstituti#n 2, 51N a su" ri#r #&&i' r und r t! n#ti#n #& r s"#nd nt su" ri#r ) ans- ra)( &#r damag s, /#int(* and s v ra((* -it! !is su)#rdinat s, t# t! " rs#n -!#s '#nstituti#na( rig!ts and (i) rti s !av ) n vi#(at d 3, 51N R%C -as '#rr 't in dismissing t! '#m"(aint -it! r s" 't t# "(ainti&&s R#g (i# A) r'a, ;ani(# d (a Pu nt , >ar'# Pa(#, A(an +a8min 8, A( : >ar' (in#, 7(i8a) t! Pr#ta'i#$>ar' (in#, A(&r d# >ans#s and R#(and# Sa(utin, #n t! )asis #& t! a(( g d &ai(ur #& said "(ainti&&s t# &i( a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! '#urtQs r s#(uti#n #& N#v m) r 8, 1283, granting t! r s"#nd ntQs m#ti#n t# dismiss HELD 1, N1 $ %! sus" nsi#n #& t! "rivi( g #& t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us d# s n#t d str#* " titi#n rsQ rig!t and 'aus #& a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r i(( ga( arr st and d t nti#n and #t! r vi#(ati#ns #& t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, %! sus" nsi#n d# s n#t r nd r va(id an #t! r-is i(( ga( arr st #r d t nti#n, 5!at is sus" nd d is m r (* t! rig!t #& t! individua( t# s . r ( as &r#m d t nti#n t!r#ug! t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us as a s" d* m ans #& #)taining !is (i) rt*, $ At t! ! art #& " titi#n rsQ '#m"(aint is Arti'( 32 #& t! Civi( C#d , It is #)vi#us t!at t! "ur"#s #& t! a)#v '#da( "r#visi#n is t# "r#vid a san'ti#n t# t! d "(* '! ris! d rig!ts and &r d#ms ns!rin d in t! C#nstituti#n, Its m ssag is '( ar; n# man ma* s . t# vi#(at t!#s sa'r d rig!ts -it! im"unit*, C rtain )asi' rig!ts and (i) rti s ar immuta)( and 'ann#t ) sa'ri&i' d t# t! transi nt n ds #r im" ri#us d mands #& t! ru(ing "#- r, %! ru( #& (a- must "r vai(, #r (s (i) rt* -i(( " ris!, 1ur '#mmitm nt t# d m#'rati' "rin'i"( s and t# t! ru( #& (a'#m" (s us t# r / 't t! vi - -!i'! r du' s (a- t# n#t!ing )ut t! :"r ssi#n #& t! -i(( #& t! "r d#minant "#- r in t! '#mmunit*, ; m#'ra'* 'ann#t ) a r ign #& "r#gr ss, #& (i) rt*, #& /usti' , un( ss t! (a- is r s" 't d )* !im -!# ma. s it and )* !im &#r -!#m it is mad , N#- t!is r s" 't im"(i s a ma:imum #& &ait!, a minimum #& Id a(ism, 1n g#ing t# t! )#tt#m #& t! matt r, - dis'#v r t!at (i& d mands #& us a

ABERCA v >ER 160 SCRA 520 6AP; A"ri( 15, 1288

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari FACTS $%!is 'as st ms &r#m a(( g d i(( ga( s ar'! s and s i8ur s and #t! r vi#(ati#ns #& t! rig!ts and (i) rti s #& "(ainti&&s )* vari#us int ((ig n' units #& t! AFP, .n#-n as %as. F#r' >a.a)ansa <%F>= #rd r d )* G n ra( Fa)ian @ r Rt# '#ndu't "r $ m"tiv stri. s against .n#-n '#mmunist$t rr#rist <C%= und rgr#und !#us s in vi - #& in'r asing r "#rts a)#ut C% "(ans t# s#- distur)an' s in > tr# >ani(a,R $P(ainti&&s a(( g , am#ng #t! rs, t!at '#m"(*ing -it! said #rd r, ( m nts #& t! %F> raid d s v ra( "(a' s, m"(#*ing in m#st 'as s d & 'tiv (*

Criminal Procedure
' rtain r siduum #& s ntim nt -!i'! is n#t d riv d &r#m r as#n, )ut -!i'! r as#n n v rt! ( ss '#ntr#(s, 2 $ 5 &ind r s"#nd ntsQ inv#'ati#n #& t! d#'trin #& stat immunit* &r#m suit t#ta((* mis"(a' d, %! 'as s inv#. d )* r s"#nd nts a'tua((* inv#(v d a'ts d#n )* #&&i' rs in t! " r&#rman' #& #&&i'ia( duti s -ritt n t! am)it #& t! ir "#- rs, It ma* ) t!at t! r s"#nd nts, as m m) rs #& t! AFP, - r m r (* r s"#nding t# t! ir dut*, as t! * '(aim, Rt# "r v nt #r su""r ss (a-( ss vi#( n' , insurr 'ti#n, r ) ((i#n and su)v rsi#nR in a''#rdan' -it! Pr#'(amati#n N#, 2054 #& Pr sid nt >ar'#s, d s"it t! (i&ting #& martia( (a- #n +anuar* 29, 1281, and in "ursuan' #& su'! #)/ 'tiv , t# (aun'! "r $ m"tiv stri. s against a(( g d '#mmunist t rr#rist und rgr#und !#us s, But t!is 'ann#t ) '#nstru d as a )(an. t (i' ns #r a r#ving '#mmissi#n untram (( d )* an* '#nstituti#na( r straint, t# disr gard #r transgr ss u"#n t! rig!ts and (i) rti s #& t! individua( 'iti8 n ns!rin d in and "r#t 't d )* t! C#nstituti#n, %! C#nstituti#n r mains t! su"r m (a- #& t! (and t# -!i'! a(( #&&i'ia(s, !ig! #r (#-, 'ivi(ian #r mi(itar*, #- #) di n' and a(( gian' at a(( tim s, $ Arti'( 32 #& t! Civi( C#d -!i'! r nd rs an* "u)(i' #&&i' r #r m"(#* #r an* "rivat individua( (ia)( in damag s &#r vi#(ating t! C#nstituti#na( rig!ts and (i) rti s #& an#t! r, as num rat d t! r in, d# s n#t : m"t t! r s"#nd nts &r#m r s"#nsi)i(it*, 1n(* /udg s ar :'(ud d &r#m (ia)i(it* und r t! said arti'( , "r#vid d t! ir a'ts #r #missi#ns d# n#t '#nstitut a vi#(ati#n #& t! P na( C#d #r #t! r " na( statut , $ In 'arr*ing #ut t!is tas. and missi#n t# "r#t 't t! R "u)(i' &r#m its n mi s, '#nstituti#na( and ( ga( sa& guards must ) #)s rv d, $>#r #v r, " titi#n rsQ rig!t and 'aus #& a'ti#n &#r damag s ar :"(i'it(* r '#gni8 d in P,;, N#, 1955 -!i'! am nd d Arti'( 1146 #& t! Civi( C#d )* adding t! &#((#-ing t# its t :tC A4#- v r, -! n t! a'ti#n <&#r in/ur* t# t! rig!ts #& t! "(ainti&& #r &#r a 3uasi$d (i't= aris s &r#m #r #ut #& an* a't, a'tivit* #r '#ndu't #& an* "u)(i' #&&i' r inv#(ving t! : r'is #& "#- rs #r aut!#rit* arising &r#m >artia( ?a- in'(uding t! arr st, d t nti#n andM#r tria( #& t! "(ainti&&, t! sam must ) )r#ug!t -it!in #n <1= * ar, $7v n assuming t!at t! sus" nsi#n #& t! "rivi( g #& t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us sus" nds " titi#n rsQ rig!t #& a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r i(( ga( arr st and d t nti#n, it d# s n#t and 'ann#t sus" nd t! ir rig!ts and 'aus s #& a'ti#n &#r in/uri s su&& r d ) 'aus #& r s"#nd ntsQ '#n&is'ati#n #& t! ir "rivat ) (#ngings, t! vi#(ati#n #& t! ir rig!t t# r main si( nt and t# '#uns ( and t! ir rig!t t# "r#t 'ti#n against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s and against t#rtur and #t! r 'ru ( and in!uman tr atm nt, $4#- v r, - &ind it unn ' ssar* t# addr ss t! '#nstituti#na( issu "r ss d u"#n us, 1n >ar'! 25, 1286, Pr sid nt C#ra8#n C, A3uin# issu d Pr#'(amati#n N#, 2, r v#.ing Pr#'(amati#n N#s, 2045 and 2045$A and (i&ting t! sus" nsi#n #& t! "rivi( g #& t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us, %! 3u sti#n t! r &#r !as ) '#m m##t and a'ad mi', 2, 67S $%! d#'trin #& r s"#nd nt su" ri#r !as ) n g n ra((* (imit d in its a""(i'ati#n t# "rin'i"a( and ag nt #r t# mast r and s rvant <i, , m"(#* r and m"(#* = r (ati#ns!i", N# su'! r (ati#ns!i" :ists ) t- n su" ri#r #&&i' rs #& t! mi(itar* and t! ir su)#rdinat s, $B t!at as it ma*, !#- v r, t! d 'isiv &a't#r in t!is 'as , in #ur vi -, is t! (anguag #& Arti'( 32, %! (a- s" a.s #& an #&&i' r #r m"(#* #r " rs#n Qdir 't(*Q #r Rindir 't(*R r s"#nsi)( &#r t! vi#(ati#n #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!ts and (i) rti s #& an#t! r, %!us, it is n#t t! a't#r a(#n <i, , t! #n dir 't(* r s"#nsi)( = -!# must ans- r &#r damag s und r

a2010 page 26
Arti'( 32; t! " rs#n indir 't(* r s"#nsi)( !as a(s# t# ans- r &#r t! damag s #r in/ur* 'aus d t# t! aggri v d "art*, $B* t!is "r#visi#n, t! "rin'i"( #& a''#unta)i(it* #& "u)(i' #&&i'ia(s und r t! C#nstituti#n a'3uir s add d m aning and a (arg r dim nsi#n, N# (#ng r ma* a su" ri#r #&&i'ia( r (a: !is vigi(an' #r a)di'at !is dut* t# su" rvis !is su)#rdinat s, s 'ur in t! t!#ug!t t!at ! d# s n#t !av t# ans- r &#r t! transgr ssi#ns '#mmitt d )* t! (att r against t! '#nstituti#na((* "r#t 't d rig!ts and (i) rti s #& t! 'iti8 n, Arti'( 32 #& t! Civi( C#d ma. s t! " rs#ns -!# ar dir 't(*, as - (( as indir 't(*, r s"#nsi)( &#r t! transgr ssi#n /#int t#rt& as#rs, $R%C -as t! r &#r mista. n in dr#""ing d & ndants G n ra( Fa)ian @ r, C#(, Fid ( Sings#n, C#(, R#(and# A)adi((a, C#(, G rard# ?ant#ria, +r,, C#(, Ga(i( # Sintanar, C#(, Pan&i(# ?a's#n, Ca"t, ;ani(# Pi8arr#, (st ?t, P dr# %ang#, ?t, R#m # Ri'ard# and ?t, Ri'ard# Ba'a(s# &r#m t! a'ts #& t! ir su)#rdinat s, $%! r s"#nsi)i(it* #& t! d & ndants, -! t! r dir 't #r indir 't, is am"(* s t &#rt! in t! '#m"(aint, It is - (( sta)(is! d in #ur (a- and /uris"rud n' t!at a m#ti#n t# dismiss #n t! gr#und t!at t! '#m"(aint stat s n# 'aus #& a'ti#n must ) )as d #n -!at a"" ars #n t! &a' #& t! '#m"(aint, %# d t rmin t! su&&i'i n'* #& t! 'aus #& a'ti#n, #n(* t! &a'ts a(( g d in t! '#m"(aint, and n# #t! rs, s!#u(d ) '#nsid r d, F#r t!is "ur"#s , t! m#ti#n t# dismiss must !*"#t! ti'a((* admit t! trut! #& t! &a'ts a(( g d in t! '#m"(aint, $A""(*ing t!is t st, it is di&&i'u(t t# /usti&* t! tria( '#urtQs ru(ing, dismissing &#r (a'. #& 'aus #& a'ti#n t! '#m"(aint against a(( t! d & ndants, :' "t >a/#r R#d#(&# Aguina(d# and >ast r Sgt, Bi nv nid# Ba(a)a, %! '#m"(aint '#ntain d a(( gati#ns against a(( t! d & ndants -!i'!, i& admitt d !*"#t! ti'a((*, -#u(d ) su&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! a 'aus #r 'aus s #& a'ti#n against a(( #& t! m und r Arti'( 32 #& t! Civi( C#d , 3, N1 $A tim (* m#ti#n t# s t asid said #rd r #& N#v m) r 8, 1283 -as &i( d )* "(ainti&&s, t!r#ug! '#uns (, %ru , t! m#ti#n -as n#t sign d )* a(( t! '#uns (s &#r t! s v ra( "(ainti&&s )ut t! )#d* #& t! m#ti#n its (& '( ar(* indi'at d t!at t! m#ti#n -as &i( d #n ) !a(& #& a(( t! "(ainti&&s,%!is must !av ) n a(s# t! und rstanding #& d & ndantsQ '#uns ( !ims (& &#r -! n ! &i( d !is '#mm nt #n t! m#ti#n, ! &urnis! d '#"i s t! r #&, n#t /ust t# t! (a-* rs -!# sign d t! m#ti#n, )ut t# a(( t! (a-* rs #& "(ainti&&s, $In &i(ing t! m#ti#n t# s t asid t! r s#(uti#n #& N#v m) r 8, 1283, t! signing att#rn *s did s# #n ) !a(& #& a(( t! "(ainti&&, %! * n d d n# s" 'i&i' aut!#rit* t# d# t!at, %! aut!#rit* #& an att#rn * t# a"" ar &#r and in ) !a(& #& a "art* 'an ) assum d, un( ss 3u sti#n d #r '!a(( ng d )* t! adv rs "art* #r t! "art* '#n' rn d, -!i'! -as n v r d#n in t!is 'as , Dispositive P titi#n grant d, SC annu( d and s t asid t! r s#(uti#n #& t! r s"#nd nt '#urt, dat d N#v m) r 8, 1283, its #rd r dat d >a* 11, 1284 and its r s#(uti#n dat d S "t m) r 21, 1284, Cas r mand d t# t! r s"#nd nt '#urt &#r &urt! r "r#' dings, C#sts against "rivat r s"#nd nts,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'#nstituti#na( rig!ts and 'ivi( (i) rti s #& an#t! r " rs#n, stand (ia)( and ma* ) su d in '#urt &#r damag s as "r#vid d in Art, 32 #& t! Civi( C#d , $ %! d 'isi#n ! r in u"!#(ds and r instat s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &i( d in t! '#urt ) (#- )* " titi#n rs$"(ainti&&s &#r i(( ga( s ar'! s '#ndu't d )* mi(itar* " rs#nn ( and #t! r vi#(ati#ns #& t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!ts and (i) rti s, At t! sam tim it r / 'ts t! aut#mati' a""(i'ati#n #& t! "rin'i"( #& r s"#nd at su" ri#r #r '#mmand r s"#nsi)i(it* t!at -#u(d !#(d a su" ri#r #&&i' r /#int(* and s v ra((* a''#unta)( &#r damag s, in'(uding m#ra( and : m"(ar*, -it! !is su)#rdinat s -!# '#mmitt d su'! transgr ssi#ns, 4#- v r, t! /udgm nt giv s t! 'av at t!at a su" ri#r #&&i' r must n#t a)di'at !is dut* t# "r#" r(* su" rvis !is su)#rdinat s &#r ! runs t! ris. #& ) ing ! (d r s"#nsi)( &#r gr#ss n g(ig n' and #& ) ing ! (d und r t! 'it d "r#visi#n #& t! Civi( C#d as indir 't(* and s#(idari(* a''#unta)( -it! t! t#rt& as#r, $ Brand isCRIn a g#v rnm nt #& (a-s, :ist n' #& t! g#v rnm nt ) im" ri(( d &#((#-ing it &ai(s t# #)s rv t! (a- s'ru"u(#us(*, 1ur g#v rnm nt is t! "#t nt #mni"r s nt t a'! r, F#r g##d #r i((, it t a'! s t! -!#( " #"( )* :am"( , Crim is '#ntagi#us, I& t! g#v rnm nt ) '#m s t! (a- )r a. r, it )r ds '#nt m"t &#r t! (a-, it invit s v r* man t# ) '#m a (a- unt# !ims (&, it invit s anar'!*, %# d '(ar t!at in t! administrati#n #& 'rimina( (a- t! nd /usti&i s t! m ans ,,, -#u(d )ring t rri)( r tri)uti#n,R $ It n d #n(* ) "#int d #ut t!at #n #& t! &irst a'ts #& t! "r s nt g#v rnm nt und r Pr sid nt C#ra8#n C, A3uin# a&t r ! r assum"ti#n #& #&&i' in F )ruar*, 1286 -as t# &i( #ur g#v rnm ntQs rati&i'ati#n and a'' ss t# a(( !uman rig!ts instrum nts ad#"t d und r t! aus"i' s #& t! Knit d Nati#ns, d '(aring t! r )* t! g#v rnm ntQs '#mmitm nt t# #)s rv t! "r ' "ts #& t! Knit d Nati#ns C!art r and t! Kniv rsa( ; '(arati#n #& 4uman Rig!ts, >#r t!an t!is, "ursuant t# #ur C#nstituti#n -!i'! t! " #"( d 'isiv (* rati&i d #n F )ruar* 2, 1289, t! ind " nd nt #&&i' #& t! C#mmissi#n #n 4uman Rig!ts !as ) n 'r at d and #rgani8 d -it! am"( "#- rs t# inv stigat !uman rig!ts vi#(ati#ns and ta. r m dia( m asur s against a(( su'! vi#(ati#ns )* t! mi(itar* as - (( as )* t! 'ivi(ian gr#u"s,

OCCENA v ICAMINA 181 SCRA 328 F7RNAN; +anuar* 22, 1220

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari t# r vi - t! d 'isi#n #& R%C FACTS $ P titi#n r 7u(#gi# 1'' na institut d ) &#r t! S '#nd >uni'i"a( Cir'uit %ria( C#urt #& Si)a(#m, San R migi# \ B (is#n, Pr#vin' #& Anti3u , Crimina( Cas N#, 1919, a 'rimina( '#m"(aint &#r Grav 1ra( ; &amati#n against "rivat r s"#nd nt Cristina @ ga&ria &#r a(( g d(* #" n(*, "u)(i'(* and ma(i'i#us(* utt ring t! &#((#-ing insu(ting -#rds and stat m ntsC RGag# i.a- nga Baranga* Ca"tain, m#ntis'#, traid#r, ma(ugus, 4udas,R -!i'!, &r (* trans(at d, m anC R6#u ar a &##(is! Baranga* Ca"tain, ign#ramus, trait#r, t*rant, +udasR and #t! r -#rds and stat m nts #& simi(ar im"#rt -!i'! 'aus d gr at and irr "ara)( damag and in/ur* t# !is " rs#n and !#n#r,

SEPARATE OPINION TEEHANIEE G.$0.u*H

$ A(( " rs#ns, ) t! * "u)(i' #&&i' rs #r m"(#* s, #r m m) rs #& t! mi(itar* #r "#(i' &#r' #r "rivat individua(s -!# dir 't(* #r indir 't(* #)stru't, d & at, vi#(at #r in an* mann r im" d #r im"air t!

Criminal Procedure
$ Privat r s"#nd nt as a''us d t! r in nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, %ria( nsu d, at -!i'! " titi#n r, -it!#ut r s rving !is rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s a'tiv (* int rv n d t!ru a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, $ A&t r tria(, "rivat r s"#nd nt -as '#nvi't d #& t! #&& ns #& S(ig!t 1ra( ; &amati#n and -as s nt n' d t# "a* a &in #& Fi&t* P s#s <P50,00= -it! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'* and t# "a* t! '#sts, $ N# damag s - r a-ard d t# " titi#n r, $ ;isagr ing, " titi#n r s#ug!t r (i & &r#m t! R%C, -!i'! d ni d !is " titi#n, % Petitioners Claim %! R%C d 'isi#n is '#ntrar* t# Arti'( 100 #& t! RPC "r#viding t!at v r* " rs#n 'rimina((* (ia)( &#r a & (#n* is a(s# 'ivi((* (ia)( , and Arti'( 2212 #& t! N - Civi( C#d "r#viding t!at m#ra( damag s ma* ) r '#v r d in (i) (, s(and r #r an* #t! r &#rm #& d &amati#n, % Respondents Comment %! d 'isi#n #& t! tria( '#urt 'arri s -it! it t! &ina( ad/udi'ati#n #& ! r 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, Sin' " titi#n r '!#s t# a'tiv (* int rv n in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n -it!#ut r s rving !is rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, ! assum d t! ris. t!at in t! v nt ! &ai( d t# r '#v r damag s ! 'ann#t a"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! (#- r '#urt, ISSUES 1, 51N t! d 'isi#n #& t! >C%C '#nstitut s t! &ina( ad/udi'ati#n #n t! m rits #& "rivat r s"#nd ntQs 'ivi( (ia)i(it* 2, 51N " titi#n r is ntit( d t# an a-ard #& damag s HELD 1, N1 $ %! d 'isi#n #& t! >C%C !as n#t * t ) '#m &ina( du t# t! tim (* a"" a( &i( d )* " titi#n r -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d in said 'as , It -as #n(* t! una"" a( d 'rimina( as" 't #& t! 'as -!i'! !as ) '#m &ina(, ) People vs, Coloma &r#m a /udgm nt '#nvi'ting t! a''us d, t-# <2= a"" a(s ma*, a''#rding(*, ) ta. n, %! a''us d ma* s . a r vi - #& said /udgm nt, as r gards )#t! 'ivi( and 'rimina( a'ti#ns; -!i( t! '#m"(ainant ma* a"" a( -it! r s" 't #n(* t# t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, it! r ) 'aus t! (#- r '#urt !as r &us d t# a-ard damag s #r ) 'aus t! a-ard mad is unsatis&a't#r* t# !im, %! rig!t #& it! r t# a"" a( #r n#t t# a"" a( in t! v nt #& '#nvi'ti#n #& t! a''us d is n#t d " nd nt u"#n t! #t! r, P titi#n r ma*, as ! did, a"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #n t! 'ivi( as" 't -!i'! is d m d institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n and su'! a"" a(, tim (* ta. n, "r v nts t! d 'isi#n #n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* &r#m attaining &ina(it*, 2, 67S $ Civi( #)(igati#ns arising &r#m 'rimina( #&& ns s ar g#v rn d )* Arti'( 100 #& t! RPC -!i'! "r#vid s t!at R7v r* " rs#n 'rimina((* (ia)( &#r a & (#n* is a(s# 'ivi((* (ia)( ,R in r (ati#n t# Arti'( 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d #n 3uasi$d (i't, t! "r#visi#ns &#r ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#ns in t! C!a"t r #n 4uman R (ati#ns and t! "r#visi#ns r gu(ating damag s, a(s# &#und in t! Civi( C#d , $ Knd r(*ing t! ( ga( "rin'i"( t!at a " rs#n -!# is 'rimina((* (ia)( is a(s# 'ivi((* (ia)( is t! vi - t!at &r#m t! stand"#int #& its && 'ts, a 'rim !as dua( '!ara't rC <1= as an #&& ns against t! stat ) 'aus #& t! distur)an' #& t! s#'ia( #rd r; and

a2010 page 2
<2= as an #&& ns against t! "rivat " rs#n in/ur d )* t! 'rim un( ss it inv#(v s t! 'rim #& tr as#n, r ) ((i#n, s"i#nag , '#nt m"t and #t! rs -! r in n# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* aris s #n t! "art #& t! #&& nd r it! r ) 'aus t! r ar n# damag s t# ) '#m" nsat d #r t! r is n# "rivat " rs#n in/ur d )* t! 'rim , In t! u(timat ana(*sis, -!at giv s ris t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is r a((* t! #)(igati#n #& v r*#n t# r "air #r t# ma. -!#( t! damag 'aus d t# an#t! r )* r as#n #& !is a't #r #missi#n, -! t! r d#n int nti#na( #r n g(ig nt(* and -! t! r #r n#t "unis!a)( )* (a-, $ As a g n ra( ru( , a " rs#n -!# is &#und t# ) 'rimina((* (ia)( #&& nds t-# <2= ntiti sC t! stat #r s#'i t* in -!i'! ! (iv s and t! individua( m m) r #& t! s#'i t* #r "rivat " rs#n -!# -as in/ur d #r damag d )* t! "unis!a)( a't #r #missi#n, %! #&& ns #& -!i'! "rivat r s"#nd nt -as &#und gui(t* is n#t #n #& t!#s & (#ni s -! r n# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* r su(ts ) 'aus it! r t! r is n# #&& nd d "art* #r n# damag -as 'aus d t# a "rivat " rs#n, $ %! r is ! r an #&& nd d "art*, -!#s main '#nt nti#n "r 'is (* is t!at ! su&& r d damag s in vi - #& t! d &amat#r* -#rds and stat m nts utt r d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt, in t! am#unt #& % n %!#usand P s#s <P10,000,00= as m#ra( damag s and t! &urt! r sum #& % n %!#usand P s#s <P10,000= as : m"(ar* damag s, $ Arti'( 2212, "ar, <9= #& t! Civi( C#d a((#-s t! r '#v r* #& m#ra( damag s in 'as #& (i) (, s(and r #r an* #t! r &#rm #& d &amati#n %!is "r#visi#n #& (a- sta)(is! s t! rig!t #& an #&& nd d "art* in a 'as &#r #ra( d &amati#n t# r '#v r &r#m t! gui(t* "art* damag s &#r in/ur* t# !is & (ings and r "utati#n, %! #&& nd d "art* is (i. -is a((#- d t# r '#v r "unitiv #r : m"(ar* damag s, Ca((ing " titi#n r -!# -as a )aranga* 'a"tain an ign#ramus, trait#r, t*rant and +udas is '( ar(* an im"utati#n #& d & 'ts in " titi#n rQs '!ara't r su&&i'i nt t# 'aus !im m)arrassm nt and s#'ia( !umi(iati#n, P titi#n r t sti&i d t# t! & (ings #& s!am and anguis! ! su&& r d as a r su(t #& t! in'id nt '#m"(ain d #&, $ P titi#n r is ntit( d t# m#ra( damag s in t! sum #& P5,000,00 and a &urt! r sum #& P5,000,00 as : m"(ar* damag s, Dispositive %! " titi#n -as grant d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

dismiss d t! '#m"(aint &#r damag s ) 'aus t! C#urt ) (i v s t!at t! B#nit ! irs did n#t r s rv t! rig!t t# d# s#, ISSUE 51N an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, und r Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d , is d m d )arr d )* " titi#n rsQ &ai(ur in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n t# ma. a r s rvati#n t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n and )* t! ir a'tiv "arti'i"ati#n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& su'! 'rimina( a'ti#n, HELD 67S Ratio 5! n t! a''us d in a 'rimina( 'as is a'3uitt d #n t! gr#und t!at !is gui(t !as n#t ) n "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n ma* sti(( ) institut d against !im, and #n(* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' is r 3uir d t# !#(d t! a''us d (ia)( , %! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is n#t :tinguis! d )* a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d, -! r t! a'3uitta( is )as d #n r as#na)( d#u)t <)as d #n Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d =, Reasoning % In t! 'rimina( 'as against A)am#nga, t! a''us d -as a'3uitt d ) 'aus t! r -as insu&&i'i nt vid n' t# "r#v !is gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, C( ar(*, t! B#nit ! irs !av t! rig!t t# &i( an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s d s"it t! a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as , $ Asid &r#m )asing t! ir a'ti#n &#r damag s in Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d , t! " titi#n rs ma* a(s# r (* #n Arti'( 2196 -!i'! "r#vid s t!at a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d &r#m a '!arg #& 'rimina( n g(ig n' , -! t! r #n r as#na)( d#u)t #r n#t, is n#t a )ar t# a su)s 3u nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, arising n#t &r#m 'rimina( n g(ig n' , )ut &r#m a 3uasi$d (i't #r 'u("a a3ui(iana, $ It !as ) n ! (d t!at Arti'( 2196 #& t! Civi( C#d , in r & rring t# R&au(t #r n g(ig n' R '#v rs a'ts Rn#t "unis!a)( )* (a-R as - (( as a'ts t!at ma* ) 'rimina( in '!ara't r, -! t! r int nti#na( and v#(untar* #r n g(ig nt, A s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n (i s against t! #&& nd r in a 'rimina( a't, -! t! r #r n#t ! is 'rimina((* "r#s 'ut d and &#und gui(t* #r a'3uitt d, "r#vid d t!at t! #&& nd d "art* is n#t a((#- d t# r '#v r damag s #n )#t! s'#r s, $ Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d d# s n#t stat t!at t! rig!t t# &i( an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s <und r said arti'( = 'an ) avai( d #& #n(* in #&& ns s n#t arising &r#m a t#rti#us a't, %! #n(* r 3uisit &#r t! : r'is #& t! rig!t t# &i( a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s is t!at t! a''us d must !av ) n a'3uitt d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n )as d #n r as#na)( d#u)t, $ %! r s"#nd nt0s argum nt t!at t! a""(i'a)( "r#visi#n is Arti'( 33 is d v#id #& m rit ) 'aus #& t! a)#v m nti#n d argum nt, In additi#n, Arti'( 33 assum s d &amati#n, &raud, #r "!*si'a( in/uri s - r int nti#na((* '#mmitt d, $ In t! 'as at )ar, Ru( 111 #& t! &#rm r Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur <i, ,, t!at a r s rvati#n ) mad in t! 'rimina( 'as #& t! rig!t t# institut an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n= is n#t a""(i'a)( ) 'aus Arti'( 22 d# s n#t r 3uir it, $ %! r 3uir m nt in S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111 #& t! &#rm r Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , t!at t! r ) a r s rvati#n in t! 'rimina( 'as #& t! rig!t t# institut an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n, !as ) n d '(ar d as n#t in a''#rdan' -it! (a-, It is r gard d as an unaut!#ri8 d am ndm nt t# t!

BONITE v ZOSA 162 SCRA 180 PA;I??A; +un 20, 1288

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari t# r vi - t! #rd r #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >isamis 1''id nta(, Br, III, L#sa, +, FACTS $ S "t m) r 24, 1268, 2 P> N B#nit , a 'amin r# #& t! Bur au #& Pu)(i' 4ig!-a*s -as .i(( d -! n ! -as !it )* a tru'. driv n )* A)am#nga, A '#m"(aint &#r r '.( ss im"rud n' r su(ting in !#mi'id -as &i( d )* t! surviving ! irs #& B#nit )ut A)am#nga -as a'3uitt d ) 'aus #& insu&&i'i nt vid n' , $ In t! '#urs #& t! tria(, t! " titi#n rs a'tiv (* "arti'i"at d in t! "r#' dings t!r#ug! t! ir (a-* r, "rivat "r#s 'ut#r Att*, ;u(a(as, $ ; ' m) r 28, 1290 N %! B#nit ! irs &i( d an a'ti#n &#r r '#v r* #& damag s against A)am#nga )as d #n t! sam a't )ut t! '#urt

Criminal Procedure
su)stantiv (a-, in t!is 'as t! Civi( C#d , In &a't, t! r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# &i( an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n !as ) n d ( t d &r#m S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 111 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , in '#ns#nan' -it! t! d 'isi#ns #& t!is C#urt d '(aring su'! r 3uir m nt #& a r s rvati#n as in && 'tiv , $ %! a'tiv "arti'i"ati#n #& t! B#nit ! irs d# s n#t a't as a )ar &r#m "ursuing a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s ) 'aus t! 'ivi( a'ti#n )as d #n 'rimina( (ia)i(it* and a 'ivi( a'ti#n und r Arti'( 22 ar t-# s "arat and ind " nd nt a'ti#ns, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! #rd rs #& t! r s"#nd nt '#urt ar ! r )* R7@7RS7; and S7% ASI;7, and a n - #n is nt r d r instating t! '#m"(aint in t! 'ivi( 'as dir 'ting said '#urt t# "r#' d -it! t! tria( #& t! 'as , C#sts against "rivat r s"#nd nt,

a2010 page 2!
t! d & ndant &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim , <51N t! r is d#u)( / #"ard*= 2, 51N a-ard -as :' ssiv HELD 1, N1, $ Civi( damag s ar n# "art #& t! "unis!m nt &#r t! 'rim , $ 5!at -as t! && 't #& t! a'ti#n #& t!is '#urt in a&&irming t!at /udgm nt as t# t! gui(t and "unis!m nt #& t! a''us d and #& r v rsing it as t# t! 3u sti#n #& 'ivi( damag , -it! instru'ti#ns t# : 'ut t! "unis!m nt im"#s d and t# tr* t! 'ivi( )ran'! #& t! 'as H B aring in mind t! )r#ad (in #& d mar'ati#n ) t- n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d and !is 'rimina( (ia)i(it*, t! )ar &a't t!at !is 'ivi( (ia)i(it* -as d t rmin d and &i: d !ad n#t!ing -!at v r t# d# -it! t! "unis!m nt im"#s d, %! (att r -as n#t t! r )* a&& 't dG, %!is tim int rv ning ) t- n t! /udgm nt #& gui(t and t! /udgm nt #& 'ivi( damag s '#u(d in n# -a* giv t# t! (att r t! '!ara't r #& t! &#rm r, $ <%!at= t! d & ndant mig!t s rv t! t rm #& im"ris#nm nt &i: d )* t! '#urt as t! "unis!m nt &#r !is 'rim , and a&t r t! s nt n' &#r 'ivi( damag s and in 'as #& !is ins#(v n'*, ! -#u(d !av t# r turn t# "ris#n t# s rv t! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt )* r as#n #& !is ins#(v n'*, ) ing argu d t!at t!is -#u(d '#nstitut d#u)( / #"ard*, It is - (( s tt( d t!at : 'uti#n against t! " rs#n -i(( issu in 'ivi( a'ti#ns in 'as #& " rs#na( in/uri s, and t!at t!is is n#t im"ris#nm nt &#r d )t #r "unis!m nt &#r 'rim , It is in (i u #& t! "a*m nt #& t! ind mnit* and is '#nsid r d as a dis'!arg t! r #&, I& t! "a*m nt #& t! ind mnit* is n#t "unis!m nt &#r t! 'rim , t! im"ris#nm nt in (i u t! r #& is n#t "unis!m nt &#r t! 'rim , $ As t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is n# "art #& t! "unis!m nt &#r t! 'rim , t! r -#u(d !av ) n n# 3u sti#n #& d#u)( / #"ard*,,, In t! "r s nt 'as , t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! d & ndant -as sta)(is! d, and t! s#( 3u sti#n d t rmin d u"#n t! s '#nd tria( -as t! am#unt #& 'ivi( damag s, %! "( a #& d#u)( / #"ard* 'an n#t ) a((#- d, $1n 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& " rs#ns a''us d #& 'rim C $ S"ring r vs, 1d(inC RB* G n ra( 1rd rs, N#, 58, s 'ti#n 109, t! "rivi( g s s 'ur d )* t! S"anis! (a- t# " rs#ns '(aiming t# ) in/ur d )* t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns t# ta. "art in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! #&& ns and t# r '#v r damag s &#r t! in/ur* sustain d )* r as#n #& t! sam , ar "r s rv d and r main in &#r' , and it is t! r in :"r ss(* "r#vid d t!at t! '#urt, u"#n '#nvi'ti#n #& t! a''us d, ma* nt r /udgm nt in &av#r #& t! in/ur d " rs#n, against t! d & ndant in t! 'rimina( 'as &#r t! damag #''asi#n d )* t! -r#ng&u( a't,R $ Ra. s vs, At(anti', Gu(& T Pa'i&i' C#,C RA''#rding t# arti'( 112 <S"anis! C#d #& Crimina( Pr#' dur = t! " na( a'ti#n #n' start d, t! 'ivi( r m d* s!#u(d ) s#ug!t t! r -it!, un( ss it !ad ) n -aiv d )* t! "art* in/ur d #r ) n :"r ss(* r s rv )* !im &#r 'ivi( "r#' dings &#r t! &utur , I& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n a(#n -as "r#s 'ut d, arising #ut #& a 'rim t!at '#u(d ) n&#r' d #n(* #n "rivat '#m"(aint, t! " na( a'ti#n t! r und r s!#u(d ) :tinguis! d,R $ A(m ida vs, A)ar#a <8 P!i(, R ",, 198=, -as a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s )r#ug!t t! "(ainti&& against a " rs#n -!# !ad ) n "r vi#us(* a'3uitt d #n a 'rimina( '!arg , It -as ! (d t!at !is a'3uitta( in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n -as a '#m"( t )ar t# a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s )as d u"#n t! a(( g d 'rimina( a't #& -!i'! t! d & ndant !ad ) n a''us d, In t! '#urs #& t!is d 'isi#n it -as saidC

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ RInstituting a 'rimina( a'ti#n #n(*, it -i(( ) und rst##d, )rings t! 'ivi( a'ti#n as - ((, un( ss t! damag d #r "r /udi' d " rs#n -aiv s t! sam #r :"r ss(* r s rv s t! rig!t t# institut t! 'ivi( a'ti#n a&t r t! t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as , i& t! r ) an* r as#n t! r &#r, <Art, 112 #& t! said ?a- #& Crimina( Pr#' dur ,= $ R%! rig!t t# )ring t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, as r s rv d )* t! " rs#n damag d #r "r /udi' d, a&t r t! t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as , is #n(* " rmitt d, i& t! r ) an* r as#n t! r &#r , and s# sa*s t! (a-, in t! v nt t!at t! /udgm nt r nd r d in t! 'rimina( 'aus is a &inding #& gui(t against t! a''us d; )ut i& t! a''us d ) a'3uitt d, t! n t! '#m"(iant in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n must ) )as d #n s#m &a't and #r 'aus distin't and s "arat &r#m t! 'rimina( a't its (&,R $ %! '#urt t! n 3u#t s &r#m arti'( 114 #& t! S"anis! C#d #& Crimina( Pr#' dur "r#vid sC R5! n a 'rimina( "r#' ding is institut d &#r t! /udi'ia( inv stigati#n #& a 'rim #r misd m an#r, n# 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam a't 'an ) "r#s 'ut d; )ut t! sam s!a(( ) sus" nd d, i& t! r ) #n , in -!at v r stag #r stat it ma* ) &#und, unti( &ina( s nt n' in t! 'rimina( "r#' ding is "r#n#un' d, R%# "r#s 'ut a " na( a'ti#n it s!a(( n#t ) n ' ssar* t!at a 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam 'rim #r misd m an#r ) "r vi#us(* institut d,R $ Knd r t! S"anis! 'rimina( (a-, an in/ur d " rs#n !ad t! rig!t t# int rv n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! a''us d &#r t! "ur"#s #& !aving !is damag s as' rtain d, %! tria( '#urt -as r 3uir d t# in'(ud t! am#unt #& t! s damag s in t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, %! "(ain "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#n 109 #& #ur 'rimina( "r#' dur , 3u#t d su"ra, :"r ss(* "r s rv s t!is rig!t t# t! in/ur d " rs#n, %! r &usa( #& t! tria( '#urt t# a((#- t! in/ur d " rs#n t# intr#du' vid n' as t# !is damag s is, t! r &#r , '( ar(* "r /udi'ia( rr#r, 2, 67S, $ %! r 'an ) n# #)/ 'ti#n t# a((#-ing t! "!*si'iansQ & s #& P500 and P1,300 &#r t! t!r m#nt!sQ sa(ar*, ) ing t! tim t! in/ur d "art* -as in'a"a'itat d &r#m " r&#rming t! -#r. in -!i'! ! -as t! n ngag d, %! r maind r, P48,900, a"" ars t# !av ) n a((#- d #n a''#unt #& t! " rman nt diminuti#n #& St rn) rgQs a)i(it* t# arn m#n *, %! vid n' #& r '#rd d# s n#t sta)(is! su'! disa)i(it* -it! t!at d gr #& ' rtain(* -!i'! -i(( /usti&* an a-ard &#r t!at "ur"#s , 5 !av r a'! d t!is '#n'(usi#n a&t r a m#st 'ar &u( :aminati#n #& a(( t! t stim#n* u"#n t!is "#int, Dispositive %! a-ard #& damag s is r du' d t# P1,800, t! d & ndant t# su&& r su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt, -!i'! in n# v nt 'an :' d #n $t!ird #& t! "rin'i"a( " na(t*, in 'as #& ins#(v n'*,

SEPARATE OPINION MELENCIO-HERRERA G.$0.u*H

$ 4 #& t! m m r (* '#n'urr d in t! r su(t$ I& t! r !as ) n a'tiv "arti'i"ati#n in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a 'rimina( 'as )* t! #&& nd d "art*, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! 'rim is d m d t# !av ) n a(s# )r#ug!t in t! 'rimina( 'as , C#ns 3u nt(*, a /udgm nt &inding t! a''us d gui(t* and granting !im damag s is )inding u"#n t! #&& nd d "art* and ! ma* n#t &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n und r Arti'( 33, $ 4#- v r i& t! a''us d is a'3uitt d #n t! gr#und #& r as#na)( d#u)t, as in t!is 'as , t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r t! sam a't ma* ) institut d und r Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d , n#t-it!standing t! &a't t!at t! #&& nd d "art* !ad a'tiv (* "arti'i"at d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, $ %! ru( in Corpus vs. Paje -!i'! stat s t!at r '.( ss im"rud n' is n#t in'(ud d in Arti'( 33 #& t! Civi( C#d , -as n#t d m d as aut!#ritativ d#'trin ) 'aus , #& 11 /usti' s, #n(* 2 t##. "art in t! d 'isi#n and

US v HEERY 25 P!i( 600 %R7N%; 1't 22, 1213

FACTS $4 r* -as '!arg d -it! att m"t d murd r, )ut -as '#nvi't d #& t! ( ss r 'rim #& ma(i'i#us(* in&(i'ting s ri#us in/ur* u"#n A( : St rn) rg, and -as s nt n' d t# #n * ar and t!r m#nt!s #& "risi#n '#rr ''i#na( )* t! tria( '#urt, $1n a"" a(, t! d 'isi#n -as a&&irm d )ut 'as -as r mand d ) 'aus it did n#t in'(ud t! vid n' #& 'ivi( damag s su&& r d )* t! #&& nd d "art*, $%! n (#- r '#urt, in its ru(ing, r stat d t! '#nvi'ti#n <#& #n *r t# 3 m#nt!s #& "risi#n '#rr ''i#na(= and t! n in'(ud d P50,500 &#r ind mnit*, -it! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt, in 'as #& ins#(v n'*, $4 r* rais d t! 3u sti#n #& d#u)( / #"ard*, and t! a-ard ) ing :' ssiv , ISSUES 1, 51N r manding t! 'as &#r d t rminati#n #& 'ivi( damag s and t! ir ass ssm nt against t! d & ndant ar t# ) '#nsid r d as a m#di&i'ati#n #& t! "unis!m nt, )* in'r asing t! " na(t* #r #t! r-is , m t d #ut t#

SEPARATE OPINION MORELAND G.$0.u**+09 ,02 2+--%0'+09H

%! r '#rd ) ing in t!is '#nditi#n, I am in'(in d t# ) (i v t!at t!is '#urt s!#u(d n#t ta. u" and dis'uss, mu'! ( ss d 'id , t! 3u sti#n #& &#rm r / #"ard*, %# d# s# it must n#t #n(* !#(d, in vi#(ati#n #& t! "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#n 24 #& t! C#d #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , t!at it is unn ' ssar* t# "( ad t! d & ns in t! tria( '#urt )ut must a(s# !#(d t!at it is unn ' ssar* t# intr#du' vid n' in t!at '#urt t# su)stantiat t! "( a, %! "( a #& &#rm r '#nvi'ti#n #r #n' in / #"ard* s!#u(d, a''#rding t# sta)(is! d ru( s and t! "r#visi#ns #& t! C#d #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , ) su)stantiat d )* t! "r#du'ti#n #& t! r '#rd #& t! &#rm r tria( and t!

Criminal Procedure
intr#du'ti#n #& t! sam in vid n' , %!at -as n#t d#n in t!is 'as , 5!i( t! vid n' ta. n in t! &#rm r tria( -as intr#du' d in t! "r s nt 'as &#r t! "ur"#s #& sta)(is!ing t! :t nt #& d & ndantQs 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, t! r maining "art #& t! r '#rd -as n#t intr#du' d as vid n' and -as n#t, t! r &#r , '#nsid r d )* t!at '#urt, I& it !ad ) n intr#du' d as vid n' , t! g#v rnm nt -#u(d !av !ad t! rig!t t# m t it and ) ! ard u"#n it in t!at '#urt, %# " rmit t! 3u sti#n t# ) rais d ! r &#r t! &irst tim , and in t! r s#(uti#n t! r #&, t# '#nsid r vid n' t!at -as n v r intr#du' d in t! tria( '#urt and -!i'! t! g#v rnm nt !as n v r !ad an #""#rtunit* t# m t in an #rd r(* -a*, is n#t #n(* t# ta. t! "r#s 'uti#n )* sur"ris )ut is t# sta)(is! a "r ' d nt -!i'! ma* ) dang r#us in "ra'ti' and su)v rsiv #& #rd r(* "r#' dur ,

a2010 page 2"

HELD 1, N1 $ %! "r s nt 'ivi( 'as is )as d u"#n a 'aus #& a'ti#n n#t arising &r#m t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* inv#(v d in t! 'rimina( 'as institut d against t! a''us d, %! 'ivi( 'as is )as d #n a(( g d culpa contractual in'urr d )* PA? ) 'aus #& its &ai(ur t# 'arr* sa& (* Ri'!ard Par. r t# !is "(a' #& d stinati#n, -! r as t! 'rimina( 'as inv#(v s t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d, $ Ru( 109 '#nt m"(at s a 'as -! r t! #&& nd d "art* d sir s t# "r ss !is rig!t t# d mand ind mnit* &r#m t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as -!i'! ! ma* ass rt it! r in t! sam 'rimina( 'as #r in a s "arat a'ti#n, $ %! &ai(ur #& Par. r t# r s rv ! r rig!t t# institut t! 'ivi( a'ti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as 'ann#t in an* -a* ) d m d as -aiv r #n ! r "art t# institut a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n against PA? )as d #n its '#ntra'tua( (ia)i(it*, 2, N1 $ %! "r s nt 'ivi( 'as is dir 't(* int r-#v n -it! t! 'rimina( 'as in t! s ns t!at t! main issu inv#(v d in )#t! 'as s is t! d t rminati#n #& t! &ai(ur #& Ri'!ard Par. r t# r a'! sa& (* !is d stinati#n #r t! d t rminati#n #& t! 'aus #& !is d at!, %!is -as t! main r as#n t!at guid d t! (#- r '#urt in "#st"#ning t! ! aring #& t! 'ivi( 'as unti( &ina( /udgm nt in t! 'rimina( 'as !as ) n r nd r d, $ Inasmu'! as t! "#- r t# grant #r r &us '#ntinuan' s is in! r nt in a(( '#urts un( ss :"r ss(* (imit d )* statut , and t! r is n# s!#-ing t!at t! (#- r '#urt !as a)us d its dis'r ti#n is sus" nding t! ! aring, t! " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari must &ai(, Dispositive P titi#n d ni d

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! r ) ing n# ma(i' , 'ann#t ) and t!at und r Ru( 111 S ',1 s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n ma* n#t :"r ss(* mad , $ %! CA #n N#v, 1282, dismiss &i( d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n #& t! 1285 Ru( s #& Crim, Pr#,, su'! a ) &i( d un( ss r s rvati#n t! r #& is d t! " titi#n and t! su)s 3u nt >FR,

ISSUE 51N a 'ivi( a'ti#n institut d a&t r a 'rimina( a'ti#n -as &i( d 'an "r#s" r v n i& t! r -as n# r s rvati#n t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n HELD 67S $ A(t!#ug! t! s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &i( d in t!is 'as -as -it!#ut "r vi#us r s rvati#n in t! 'rimina( 'as , it -as n v rt! ( ss institut d ) &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d vid n' in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, and t! "r siding /udg !and(ing t! 'rimina( a'ti#n -as du(* in&#rm d t! r #&, su'! t!at n# damag s -as a-ard d in t! dis"#siti#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, Reasoning % Knd r t! a&#r 'it d "r#visi#ns #& t! ru( , t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n un( ss t! #&& nd d "art* -aiv s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, r s rv s !is rig!t t# institut it s "arat (* #r institut s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n "ri#r t# t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, $ Su'! 'ivi( a'ti#n in'(ud s r '#v r* #& ind mnit* und r t! R vis d P na( C#d , and damag s und r Arti'( s 32, 33, 34 and 2196 #& t! Civi( C#d #& t! P!i(i""in s arising &r#m t! sam a't #r #missi#n #& t! a''us d, It is a(s# "r#vid d t!at t! r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# institut t! s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n s!a(( ) mad ) &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n starts t# "r s nt its vid n' and und r 'ir'umstan' s a&&#rding t! #&& nd d "art* a r as#na)( #""#rtunit* t# ma. su'! r s rvati#n, VV %! SC '#nsid r d t! a'tua( &i(ing #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &ar ) tt r t!an a '#m"(ian' -it! t! r 3uir m nt #& an :"r ss r s rvati#n t!at s!#u(d ) mad )* t! #&& nd d "art* ) &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nts its vid n' , It add d t!at t! "ur"#s #& t!is ru( r 3uiring r s rvati#n is t# "r v nt t! #&& nd d "art* &r#m r '#v ring damag s t-i' &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n, Dispositive " titi#n ;7NI7;, CA d 'isi#n AFFIR>7;,

PARIER v PANLILIO ,02 PHIL AIR LINES 21 P4I? 1 BAK%IS%A ANG7?1; >ar'! 5, 1252
NATURE C rti#rari and mandamus FACTS $ Asun'i#n Par. r and ! r min#r daug!t r Sat!( n &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r damag s against P!i(i""in Air ?in s, In',, )as d #n t! a(( g d &ai(ur #& PA? t# 'arr* sa& (* Ri'!ard Par. r &r#m ;a t, Camarin s N#rt t# >ani(a, $ PA? s t u" as s" 'ia( d & ns t!at t! "(an :"(#d d in mid$air du t# Ad*namit surr "titi#us(* intr#du' d int# said air 'ra&t )* 'rimina( !andsB, A 'rimina( 'as -as a(r ad* &i( d in CFI Camarin s N#rt against t! su""#s d gui(t* "arti s, $ 5! n t! 'as -as s t &#r t! '#ntinuati#n #& t! ! aring, PA? "r s nt d an #ra( m#ti#n &#r t! sus" nsi#n #& t! ! aring, inv#.ing <t! n= s ' 1 Ru( 109, #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, -!i'! "r#vid s t!at n# 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam #&& ns 'an ) "r#s 'ut d unti( &ina( /udgm nt in t! 'rimina( "r#' ding !as ) n r nd r d, Par. r v ! m nt(* #""#s d, $ CFI sus" nd d t! ! aring unti( t! &ina( d t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as -!i'! -as t! n " nding a"" a( in t! SC, Petitioners Claim It -as a mista. #n t! "art #& r s"#nd nt /udg t# '#nsid r and a""(* S ' 1, Ru( 109 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, as ! r 'aus #& a'ti#n in t! 'ivi( 'as is )as d #n culpa contractual and n#t #n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns inv#(v d in t! 'rimina( 'as , Respondents Comments A5! n a 'rimina( a'ti#n is institut d, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns '!arg d is im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, un( ss t! #&& nd d "art* :"r ss(* -aiv s t! 'ivi( a'ti#n #r r s rv s t! rig!t t# institut it s "arat (*B, and t!at, inasmu'! as " titi#n r !ad &ai( d t# :"r ss(* r s rv ! r rig!t t# institut t! 'ivi( a'ti#n s "arat (*, s! ma* n#t n#institut an#t! r a'ti#n und r arti'( s 1202$1210 #& t! Civi( C#d )as d #n t! a't #r #missi#n '#m"(ain d #& in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, ISSUES 1, 51N CFI -as '#rr 't in '#nsid ring and a""(*ing S ' 1, Ru( 109, #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt 2, 51N r s"#nd nt /udg rr d in sus" nding t! ! aring

YAIULT PHILIPPINES v CA GCAMASOH 120 SCRA 359 GANCA6C1; 1't, 5, 1220

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #& d 'isi#n #& t! CA FACTS $ 5 * ar #(d R#* Camas# <standing #n a sid -a(.= -as sid s-i" d )* a m#t#r'*'( #-n d )* 6a.u(t P!i(i""in s and driv n )* its m"(#* , ?arr* Sa(vad# #n ; ',1282, $ An in&#rmati#n -as t! n &i( d #n +an,1283 against Sa(vad# '!arging !im -it! t! 'rim #& r '.( ss im"rud n' r su(ting in s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s, $ 1n 1't, 1284, a '#m"(aint &#r damag s -as &i( d in t! R%C #& >ani(a )* R#* Camas# <r "r s nt d )* !is &at! r, ;avid= against 6a.u(t and Sa(vad#, %! R%C d 'id d in &av#r #& t! Camas#0s and ! (d t! d & ndants <! r in " titi#n rs= /#int(* and s v ra((* (ia)( &#r damag s, -!i'! t! n m#v d said d & ndants 6a.u(t and Sa(vad# t# a"" a( t! /udgm nt, %! * a(s# &i( d a " ititi#n &#r ' rti#rari in t! CA '!a(( nging t! R%C0s /urisdi'ti#n in t! 'ivi( 'as , %! ir argum nt -as t!at t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r in/uri s arising &r#m a(( g d 'rimina( n g(ig n' ,

MANIAGO vCA :BOADO< 253 SCRA 694 >7N;1LA; F )ruar* 20, 1226
FACTS $ P titi#n r Ru) n >aniag# -as t! #-n r #& s!utt( )us s -!i'! - r us d in trans"#rting m"(#* s #& t! % :as Instrum nts, In', &r#m Bagui# Cit* "r#" r t# its "(ant sit at t! 7:"#rt Pr#' ssing Aut!#rit* in ?#a.an, Bagui# Cit*, $ 1n #& !is )us s &igur d in a v !i'u(ar a''id nt -it! a "ass ng r / "n * #-n d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt A(&r d# B#ad# a(#ng ?#a.an R#ad, Bagui# Cit*, As a r su(t #& t! a''id nt, a 'rimina( 'as &#r r '.( ss im"rud n' r su(ting in damag t# "r#" rt* and mu(ti"( "!*si'a( in/uri s -as &i( d against " titi#n r0s driv r, 4 rmini# Anda*a, -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Bagui# Cit*

Criminal Procedure
$ A m#nt! (at r, a 'ivi( 'as &#r damag s -as &i( d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt B#ad# against " titi#n r !ims (& $ P titi#n r m#v d &#r t! sus" nsi#n #& t! "r#' dings in t! 'ivi( 'as against !im, 'iting t! " nd n'* #& t! 'rimina( 'as against !is driv r, But t! tria( '#urt d ni d " titi#n r0s m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at "ursuant t# t! Civi( C#d , t! a'ti#n '#u(d "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, in additi#n t# t! &a't t!at t! " titi#n r -as n#t t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as , $ CA dismiss d !is " titi#n $ %! r is n# dis"ut t!at "rivat r s"#nd nt, as #&& nd d "art* in t! 'rimina( 'as , did n#t r s rv t! rig!t t# )ring a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n, )as d #n t! sam a''id nt, it! r against t! driv r, 4 rmini# Anda*a, #r against t! (att r0s m"(#* r, ! r in " titi#n r Ru) n >aniag#, $ " titi#n r argu s t!at t! 'ivi( a'ti#n against !im -as im"(i d(* institut d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n "r vi#us(* &i( d against !is m"(#* ) 'aus "rivat r s"#nd nt did n#t r s rv !is rig!t t# )ring t!is a'ti#n s "arat (*, <%! r '#rds s!#- t!at -!i( t!is 'as -as " nding in t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, t! 'rimina( a'ti#n -as dismiss d #n +u(* 10, 1222 &#r &ai(ur #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# &i( a &#rma( #&& r #& its vid n' , -it! t! '#ns 3u n' t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# "r#s 'ut its 'as , A''#rding(*, it s ms t# ) " titi#n r0s argum nt t!at sin' t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t# r '#v r damag s -as im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, t! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as )r#ug!t -it! it t! dismissa( #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n,= $ Privat r s"#nd nt admits t!at ! did n#t r s rv t! rig!t t# institut t! "r s nt 'ivi( a'ti#n against Anda*a0s m"(#* r, 4 '#nt nds, !#- v r, t!at t! rig!ts "r#vid d in Arts, 2196 and 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d ar su)stantiv rig!ts and, as su'!, t! ir n&#r' m nt 'ann#t ) '#nditi#n d #n a r s rvati#n t# )ring t! a'ti#n t# n&#r' t! m s "arat (*, ISSUE 51N d s"it t! a)s n' #& r s rvati#n, B#ad# ma* n#n t! ( ss )ring an a'ti#n &#r damag s against " titi#n r und r t! Art,2196, 2180 and 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d and Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt,

a2010 page 30
$ In Gar'ia v, F(#rid# t! rig!t #& an in/ur d " rs#n t# )ring an a'ti#n &#r damag s v n i& ! did n#t ma. a r s rvati#n #& !is a'ti#n in t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n &#r "!*si'a( in/uri s t!r#ug! r '.( ss im"rud n' -as u"! (d #n t! gr#und t!at )* )ringing t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t! in/ur d "arti s !ad Ain && 't a)and#n d t! ir rig!t t# "r ss &#r r '#v r* #& damag s in t! 'rimina( 'as , $ In A) ((ana v, >arav in -!i'! t! rig!t #& " rs#ns in/ur d in a v !i'u(ar a''id nt t# )ring a s "arat a'ti#n &#r damag s -as sustain d d s"it t! &a't t!at t! rig!t t# )ring it s "arat (* -as n#t r s rv d, But t! )asis #& t! d 'isi#n in t!at 'as -as t! &a't t!at t! &i(ing #& t! 'ivi( 'as -as 3uiva( nt t# a r s rvati#n ) 'aus it -as mad a&t r t! d 'isi#n #& t! Cit* C#urt '#nvi'ting t! a''us d !ad ) n a"" a( d, $ In +aranti((a v, CA t! ru(ing is t!at t! a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as &#r "!*si'a( in/uri s t!r#ug! r '.( ss im"rud n' #n t! gr#und #& r as#na)( d#u)t is n#t a )ar t# t! &i(ing #& an a'ti#n &#r damag s v n t!#ug! t! &i(ing #& t! (att r a'ti#n -as n#t r s rv d, %!is is ) 'aus #& Art, 22 #& t! Civi( C#d -!i'! "r#vid s t!at A-! n an a''us d is a'3uitt d #n t! gr#und t!at !is gui(t !as n#t ) n "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n ma* ) institut d,B %!is ru(ing #)vi#us(* 'ann#t a""(* t# t!is 'as ) 'aus t! )asis #& t! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as against t! driv r is t! &a't t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# "r#v its 'as as a r su(t #& its &ai(ur t# ma. a &#rma( #&& r #& its vid n' , $ t! ru(ings in t! s 'as s ar '#nsist nt -it! t! "r#"#siti#n ! r in mad t!at, #n t! )asis #& Ru( 111, ^^1$3, a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is, as a g n ra( ru( , im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, :' "t #n(* <1= -! n su'! a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam a't #r #missi#n, -!i'! is t! su)/ 't #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, is -aiv d; <2= t! rig!t t# )ring it s "arat (* is r s rv d #r <3= su'! a'ti#n !as ) n institut d "ri#r t# t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, 7v n i& an a'ti#n !as n#t ) n r s rv d #r it -as )r#ug!t ) &#r t! instituti#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as , t! a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d -i(( n#t )ar r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* un( ss t! a'3uitta( is )as d #n a &inding t!at t! a't &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* mig!t aris did n#t :ist ) 'aus #& Art, 22 #& t! Civi( C#d , $ %!r#ug! a(( t! s!i&ts #r '!ang s in "#(i'* as t# t! 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! sam a't #r #missi#n &#r -!i'! a 'rimina( a'ti#n is )r#ug!t, #n t!ing is '( arC %! '!ang !as ) n && 't d )* t!is C#urt, %! n - ru( s r 3uir r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# r '#v r t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, #t! r-is t! a'ti#n -i(( ) d m d t# !av ) n institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, $ C#ntrar* t# "rivat r s"#nd nt0s '#nt nti#n, t! r 3uir m nt t!at ) &#r a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n ma* ) )r#ug!t it must ) r s rv d d# s n#t im"air, diminis! #r d & at su)stantiv rig!ts, )ut #n(* r gu(at s t! ir : r'is in t! g n ra( int r st #& #rd r(* "r#' dur , $ It is t! '#ndu't #& t! tria( #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n $ n#t its instituti#n t!r#ug! t! &i(ing #& a '#m"(aint $ -!i'! is a((#- d t# "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! #ut'#m #& t! 'rimina( 'as , B, %! r is a "ra'ti'a( r as#n &#r r 3uiring t!at t! rig!t t# )ring an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n und r t! Civi( C#d s "arat (* must ) r s rv d, It is t# av#id t! &i(ing #& m#r t!an #n a'ti#n &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n against t! sam "art*, An* a-ard mad against t! m"(#* r, -! t! r )as d #n !is su)sidiar* 'ivi( (ia)i(it* und r Art, 103 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d #r !is "rimar* (ia)i(it* und r Art, 2180 #& t! Civi( C#d , is u(timat (* r '#v ra)( &r#m t! a''us d, $ In t! "r s nt 'as , t! 'rimina( a'ti#n -as &i( d against t! m"(#* , )us driv r, 4ad t! driv r ) n '#nvi't d and &#und ins#(v nt, !is

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

m"(#* r -#u(d !av ) n ! (d su)sidiari(* (ia)( &#r damag s, But i& t! rig!t t# )ring a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n <-! t! r arising &r#m t! 'rim #r &r#m 3uasi$d (i't= is r s rv d, t! r -#u(d ) n# "#ssi)i(it* t!at t! m"(#* r -#u(d ) ! (d (ia)( ) 'aus in su'! a 'as t! r -#u(d ) n# "r#n#un' m nt as t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d, In su'! a 'as t! instituti#n #& a s "arat and ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n und r t! Civi( C#d -#u(d n#t r su(t in t! m"(#* ) ing ! (d (ia)( &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n, %! ru( r 3uiring r s rvati#n in t! nd s rv s t# im"( m nt t! "r#!i)iti#n against d#u)( r '#v r* &#r t! sam a't #r #missi#n, $ N#r d# s it matt r t!at t! a'ti#n is against t! m"(#* r t# n&#r' !is vi'ari#us (ia)i(it* und r Art, 2180 #& t! Civi( C#d , %!#ug! n#t an a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as , t! m"(#* r is v r* mu'! a "art*, as (#ng as t! rig!t t# )ring #r institut a s "arat a'ti#n <-! t! r arising &r#m 'rim #r &r#m 3uasi d (i't= is n#t r s rv d, %! ru(ing t!at a d 'isi#n '#nvi'ting t! m"(#* is )inding and '#n'(usiv u"#n t! m"(#* r An#t #n(* -it! r gard t# its 'ivi( (ia)i(it* )ut a(s# -it! r gard t# its am#unt ) 'aus t! (ia)i(it* #& an m"(#* r 'ann#t ) s "arat d )ut &#((#-s t!at #& !is m"(#* B is tru n#t #n(* -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m 'rim )ut a(s# -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* und r t! Civi( C#d , Dispositive %! d 'isi#n a"" a( d &r#m is R7@7RS7; and t! '#m"(aint against " titi#n r is ;IS>ISS7;,

SAN ILDEFONSO LINES, INC# v CA :PIONEER INSURANCE AND SURETY CORPORATION< 300 SCRA 484 >AR%IN7L; A"ri( 24, 1228
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - a&t r a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& r s"#nd nt '#urt /udgm nt -as d ni d FACTS $ In t! a&t rn##n #& +un 24, 1221, a %#*#ta ?it A' @an ) ing driv n )* its #-n r Anni K, +a# and a "ass ng r )us #& ! r in " titi#n r San I(d &#ns# ?in s, In', <! r a&t r, SI?I= '#((id d -it! a'! #t! r at t! int rs 'ti#n #& +u(ia @argas Av nu and R#drigu 8 ?anu8a Av nu in Pasig, > tr# >ani(a, t#ta((* -r '.ing t! %#*#ta van and in/uring >s, +a# and ! r t-# <2= "ass ng rs in t! "r#' ss, $ A 'rimina( 'as -as t! r a&t r &i( d -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Pasig #n S "t m) r 18, 1221 '!arging t! driv r #& t! )us, ! r in " titi#n r 7duard# +avi r, -it! r '.( ss im"rud n' r su(ting in damag t# "r#" rt* -it! mu(ti"( "!*si'a( in/uri s, $ A)#ut &#ur <4= m#nt!s (at r, #r #n +anuar* 13, 1222, ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nt Pi#n r Insuran' and Sur t* C#r"#rati#n <PISC=, as insur r #& t! van and su)r#g , &i( d a 'as &#r damag s against " titi#n r SI?I -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& >ani(a, s .ing t# r '#v r t! sums it "aid t! assur d und r a m#t#r v !i'( insuran' "#(i'* as - (( as #t! r damag s, t#ta(ing P564,500,00 <P454,000,00 as a'tua(M'#m" nsat#r* damag s; P50,000,00 as : m"(ar* damag s; P50,000,00 as att#rn *Qs & s; P10,000,00 as (itigati#n :" ns s; and P500,00 as a"" aran' & s,= $ 5it! t! issu s !aving ) n /#in d u"#n t! &i(ing #& t! " titi#n rsQ ans- r t# t! '#m"(aint &#r damag s and a&t r su)missi#n )* t! "arti s #& t! ir r s" 'tiv "r $tria( )ri &s, " titi#n rs &i( d #n S "t m) r 18, 1222

HELD N1 Ratio %! rig!t t# )ring an a'ti#n &#r damag s und r t! Civi( C#d must ) r s rv d as r 3uir d )* Ru( 111, ^ 1, #t! r-is it s!#u(d ) dismiss d, ^1 3uit '( ar(* r 3uir s t!at a r s rvati#n must ) mad t# institut s "arat (* a(( 'ivi( a'ti#ns &#r t! r '#v r* #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, #t! r-is t! * -i(( ) d m d t# !av ) n institut d -it! t! 'rimina( 'as , %! rig!t #& t! in/ur d "art* t# su s "arat (* &#r t! r '#v r* #& t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* -! t! r arising &r#m 'rim s #r &r#m 3uasi d (i't und r Art, 2196 #& t! Civi( C#d must ) r s rv d #t! r-is t! * -i(( ) d m d institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, Reasoning A, %! r ar stat m nts in s#m 'as s im"(*ing t!at Ru( 111, ^^1 and 3 ar ) *#nd t! ru( ma.ing "#- r #& t! Su"r m C#urt und r t! C#nstituti#n, A 'ar &u( :aminati#n #& t! 'as s, !#- v r, -i(( s!#- t!at a""r#va( #& t! &i(ing #& s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s v n t!#ug! n# r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# institut su'! 'ivi( a'ti#n !ad ) n r s rv d r sts #n '#nsid rati#ns #t! r t!an t!at n# r s rvati#n is n d d,

Criminal Procedure
a >ani& stati#n and >#ti#n t# Sus" nd Civi( Pr#' dings gr#und d #n t! " nd n'* #& t! 'rimina( 'as against " titi#n r +avi r in t! Pasig R%C ,02 '(% &,+lu*% $& *%-)$02%0' PISC '$ /,J% , *%-%*v,'+$0 '$ &+l% , -%),*,'% 2,/,9% -u+' +0 -,+2 .*+/+0,l ,.'+$0# T(+- ?,- 2%0+%2 @y '(% M,0+l, R%9+$0,l T*+,l C$u*' +0 +'- O*2%* dat d +u(* 21, 1223 $ A&t r t! ir m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& said +u(* 21, 1223 1rd r -as d ni d, " titi#n rs ( vat d t! matt r t# t!is C#urt via " titi#n &#r certiorari -!i'! -as, !#- v r, r & rr d t# "u)(i' r s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s &#r dis"#siti#n, 1n F )ruar* 24, 1225, a d 'isi#n adv rs t# " titi#n rs #n' again -as r nd r d )* r s"#nd nt '#urt, u"!#(ding t! assai( d >ani(a R gi#na( %ria( C#urt 1rd r, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n &#r r vi a&t r a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& said r s"#nd nt '#urt /udgm nt -as d ni d, ISSUES 1. 51N an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n )as d #n 3uasi$d (i't und r Arti'( 2196 #& t! Civi( C#d 'an ) &i( d i& n# r s rvati#n -as mad in t! said 'rimina( 'as 2. 51N a su)r#g #& an #&& nd d "art* 'an maintain an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n during t! " nd n'* #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n -! n n# r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# &i( an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n -as mad in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n and d s"it t! &a't t!at t! "rivat '#m"(ainant is a'tiv (* "arti'i"ating t!r#ug! a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r in t! a&#r m nti#n d 'rimina( 'as HELD 1, N1 - 1n t! '!i & issu #& Rr s rvati#nR, at t! &#r is S 'ti#n 3, Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt -!i'! r adsC RS ', 3, 5! n 'ivi( a'ti#n ma* "r#' d ind " nd nt(*, $$ In t! 'as s "r#vid d &#r in Arti'( s 32, 33, 34 and 2196 #& t! Civi( C#d #& t! P!i(i""in s, t! ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n -!i'! !as ) n r s rv d ma* ) )r#ug!t )* t! #&& nd d "art*, s!a(( "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, and s!a(( r 3uir #n(* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' ,R $ 7v n t!#ug! t! s s#$'a(( d Rind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#nsR )as d #n t! a&#r m nti#n d Civi( C#d arti'( s ar t! :' "ti#ns t# t! "rima'* #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n #v r t! 'ivi( a'ti#n as s t &#rt! in S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111, it is asi(* d du'i)( &r#m t! "r s nt -#rding #& S 'ti#n 3 as )r#ug!t a)#ut )* t! 1288 am ndm nts t# t! Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur $$ "arti'u(ar(* t! "!ras RG which has been reservedR $$ t!at t! Rind " nd ntR '!ara't r #& t! s 'ivi( a'ti#ns d# s n#t d# a-a* -it! t! r s rvati#n r 3uir m nt, In #t! r -#rds, "ri#r r s rvati#n is a '#nditi#n sine $ua non ) &#r an* #& t! s ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#ns 'an ) institut d and t! r a&t r !av a '#ntinu#us d t rminati#n a"art &r#m #r simu(tan #us -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, $ A''#rding t# +usti' +#s 6, F ria, r m dia( (a- :" rt and a m m) r #& t! '#mmitt -!i'! dra&t d t! 1288 am ndm nts, -!#s ( arn d :"(anati#n #n t! matt r -as a"t(* "#int d #ut )* " titi#n rs, At! 1288 am ndm nt :"ands t! s'#" #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n -!i'! is d m d im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n un( ss -aiv d, r s rv d #r "r vi#us(* institut d, Knd r t! "r s nt Ru( as am nd d, su'! a 'ivi( a'ti#n in'(ud s n#t #n(* r '#v r* #& ind mnit* und r t! R vis d P na( C#d and damag s und r Arti'( s 32, 33, 34 #& t! Civi( C#d #& t! P!i(i""in s, )ut a(s# damag s und r Arti'( 2196 :Du,-+-2%l+.'-< #& t! said '#d ,

a2010 page 31
$ It s!#u(d ) n#t d t!at -!i( it -as ru( d in A) ((a vs, >arav <59 SCRA 106= t!at a r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# &i( an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n is n#t n ' ssar*, su'! a r s rvati#n is n ' ssar* und r t! am nd d ru( , 5it!#ut su'! r s rvati#n, t! 'ivi( a'ti#n is d m d im"(i d(* institut d -it! t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, un( ss "r vi#us(* -aiv d #r institut d, $ Far &r#m a(t ring su)stantiv rig!ts, t! "rimar* "ur"#s #& t! r s rvati#n is, t# )#rr#- t! -#rds #& t! C#urt in R Ca=os v. PeraltaRCRG t# av#id mu(ti"(i'it* #& suits, t# guard against #""r ssi#n and a)us , t# "r v nt d (a*s, t# '( ar '#ng st d d#'. ts, t# sim"(i&* t! -#r. #& t! tria( '#urt; in s!#rt, t! attainm nt #& /usti' -it! t! ( ast :" ns and v :ati#n t# t! "arti s$(itigants,R 2, N1 $ Privat r s"#nd nt PISC, as su)r#g , is n#t : m"t &r#m t! r s rvati#n r 3uir m nt -it! r s" 't t# its damag s suit )as d #n $uasi) delict arising &r#m t! sam a't #r #missi#n #& " titi#n r +avi r '#m"(ain d #& in t! 'rimina( 'as , As "rivat r s"#nd nt PISC m r (* st "" d int# t! s!# s #& >s, +a# <as #-n r #& t! insur d %#*#ta van=, t! n it is )#und t# #)s rv t! "r#' dura( r 3uir m nts -!i'! >s, +a# #ug!t t# &#((#- !ad s! ! rs (& institut d t! 'ivi( 'as , Dispositive %! assai( d d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s dat d F )ruar* 24, 1225 and t! R s#(uti#n dat d A"ri( 3,1225 d n*ing t! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n t! r #& ar r v rs d, %! Rmani& stati#n and m#ti#n t# sus" nd 'ivi( "r#' dingsR &i( d )* " titi#n rs is grant d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'!arg d, 4#- v r, #n a"" a( t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, ! -as a'3uitt d -it! t! CA !#(ding t!at RCRI>INA? N7G?IG7NC7 is 5AN%ING in t!is 'as , and t!at a"" ((ant -as N1% v n gui(t* #& CI@I? N7G?IG7NC7, Ins#&ar as a"" ((ant -as '#n' rn d, t! CA ! (d t!at t!is -as a 'as #& PKR7 ACCI;7N%,R $ As a '#ns 3u n' , ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nts, d & ndants in Civi( Cas #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a(, m#v d &#r t! dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aint inv#.ing t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a'3uitting F (ard# Pa/ and 'iting S 'ti#n 1 <d=, Ru( 109 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt <n#- S 'ti#n 3 <'=, Ru( 111 #& t! N - Ru( s #& C#urt=, 1n August 10, 1266, t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a( r nd r d a d 'isi#n dismissing "(ainti&&sQ '#m"(aint against t! d & ndants @i't#r* ?in r, In', and F (ard# Pa/ , P titi#n rs a"" a( d t! 'as t# t! CA, -!i'! )asi'a((* a&&irm d t! R%C d 'isi#n, 4 n' , t!is r '#urs , ISSUE 51N t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a'3uitting t! a''us d in r '.( ss im"rud n' #n t! gr#und t!at t! in'id nt -as a''id nta(, :tinguis! d )* im"(i'ati#n t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s HELD 67S Ratio #+tinction of the penal action does not carr' with it e+tinction of the civil& unless the e+tinction proceeds from a declaration in a final judgment that the fact from which the civil might arise did not e+ist. !ince& the CA found that this case was of pure accident& it is as good as sa'ing as if he did not commit the crime charged. There being no crime committed& no civil liabilit' arises. Reasoning - It is t! stand #& ! r in " titi#n rs t!at S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, n#t S 'ti#n 3 <'= t! r #&, s!#u(d a""(* in t! 'as at )ar, RS ', 2, Ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n, $ In t! 'as s "r#vid d &#r in Arti'( s 31, 32, 33, 34 and 2199 #& t! Civi( C#d #& t! P!i(i""in s, an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n ntir (* s "arat and distin't &r#m t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, ma* ) )r#ug!t )* t! in/ur d "art* during t! " nd n'* #& t! 'rimina( 'as , "r#vid d t! rig!t is r s rv d as r 3uir d in t! "r ' ding s 'ti#n, Su'! 'ivi( a'ti#n s!a(( "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, and s!a(( r 3uir #n(* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' ,R $ 5 d# n#t agr , S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 111 m r (* r & rs t# t! instituti#n #& an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n -it!#ut -aiting &#r t! &i(ing #r t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n and r 3uir s #n(* "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' t# "r#s" r and n#t "r##& ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t as r 3uir d &#r '#nvi'ti#n in 'rimina( 'as s, 4#- v r, an a'3uitta( )as d #n t! &inding t!at t! &a'ts u"#n -!i'! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* did n#t :ist, )ars t! &i(ing #& an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n i& it is )as d #n t! 'rim , As ar(* as 1252, 5 !av ! (d in t! 'as #& %an vs, Standard @a'uum 1i( C#m"an*, 21 P!i(, 692, t!at Rt! a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d &r#m t! 'rimina( '!arg -i(( n#t n ' ssari(* :tinguis! t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* un( ss t! '#urt d '(ar s in t! /udgm nt t!at t! &a't &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* mig!t aris did n#t :ist, 5! r t! '#urt stat s Qt!at t! vid n' t!r#-s n# (ig!t #n t! 'aus #& &ir and t!at it -as an un&#rtunat a''id nt &#r -!i'! t! a''us d 'ann#t ) ! (d r s"#nsi)( ,Q t!is d '(arati#n &its - (( int# t! :' "ti#n #& t! ru( -!i'! : m"ts t! a''us d, &r#m 'ivi( (ia)i(it*,R

MARCIA v CA :PAJE ,02 >ICTORY LINER< 120 SCRA 120 R7?1@A; +anuar* 29, 1283
NATURE A"" a( )* ' rti#rari &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a&&irming t! /udgm nt #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a(, -!i'! dismiss d t! '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! " titi#n rs against "rivat r s"#nd nts in t! '#n' "t #& an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s &#r "!*si'a( in/uri s r su(ting &r#m r '.( ss im"rud n' ,

FACTS $ 1n ; ' m) r 23, 1256, in t! muni'i"a(it* #& ?u)a#, Pam"anga, a "ass ng r )us #" rat d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt @i't#r* ?in r, In', and driv n )* its m"(#* , "rivat r s"#nd nt F (ard# Pa/ , '#((id d -it! a / " driv n )* C( m nt >ar'ia, r su(ting in t! (att rQs d at! and in "!*si'a( in/uri s t# ! r in " titi#n rs, 7dgar >ar'ia and R nat# 6a", %! r u"#n, an in&#rmati#n &#r !#mi'id and s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' -as &i( d against F (ard# Pa/ in t! CFI #& Pam"anga, $ 1n +anuar* 23, 1259, an a'ti#n &#r damag s -as &i( d in t! CFI #& Ri8a( )* 7dgar >ar'ia and R nat# 6a", t#g t! r -it! t! ir r s" 'tiv "ar nts, against t! @i't#r* ?in r, In', and F (ard# Pa/ , a(( ging t!at t! mis!a" -as du t# t! r '.( ss im"rud n' and n g(ig n' #& t! (att r in driving t! "ass ng r )us, $ 5!i( said Civi( Cas -as in "r#gr ss in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a(, t! 'rimina( a'ti#n "r#' d d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Pam"anga, %! a''us d F (ard# Pa/ -as '#nvi't d #& t! #&& ns

Criminal Procedure
$ A(s#, t! '!arg against F (ard# Pa/ -as n#t &#r !#mi'id and "!*si'a( in/uri s )ut &#r r '.( ss im"rud n' #r 'rimina( n g(ig n' r su(ting in !#mi'id <d at! #& C( m nt >ar'ia= and "!*si'a( in/uri s su&& r d )* 7dgar >ar'ia and R nat# 6a", %! * ar n#t #n #& t! t!r <3= 'rim s m nti#n d in Arti'( 33 #& t! Civi( C#d and, t! r &#r , n# 'ivi( a'ti#n s!a(( "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n,

a2010 page 32
$ 7:tin'ti#n #& t! " na( a'ti#n d# s n#t 'arr* -it! it t! :tin'ti#n #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* un( ss t! :tin'ti#n "r#' ds &r#m a d '(arati#n in a &ina( /udgm nt t!at t! &a't &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( 'as mig!t aris did n#t :ist, Reasoning $G n ra((*, v r* " rs#n 'rimina((* (ia)( is a(s# 'ivi((* (ia)( , Crimina( ?ia)i(it* -i(( giv ris t# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* e+ delicto #n(* i& t! sam & (#ni#us a't #r #missi#n r su(ts in damag #r in/ur* t# an#t! r and is t! dir 't and "r#:imat 'aus t! r #&, $%! t-# "r#' dings inv#(v d ar n#t ) t- n t! sam "arti s <t! 'rimina( a'ti#n is ) t- n t! Stat and t! d & ndant and t! 'ivi( 'as is ) t- n t! #&& nd d "art* and t! d & ndant=, A(s#, t! r ar di&& r nt ru( s as t# t! '#m" t n'* #& -itn ss s and t! 3uantum #& vid n' in 'rimina( and 'ivi( "r#' dings,<'rimina( a'ti#n N "r##& ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t; 'ivi( a'ti#n\"r "#nd ran' #& vid n' = $ In t!is 'as t! dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aint &#r &#r'i)( a)du'ti#n -it! ra" -as )* m r r s#(uti#n #& t! &is'a( at t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n stag , %! r is n# d '(arati#n in a &ina( /udgm nt t!at t! &a't &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( 'as mig!t aris did n#t :ist,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

in t!is C#urt a " titi#n &#r certiorari, "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus, -!i'! -as d#'. t d as G,R, N#, ?$40222, assai(ing t! a&#r said #rd r #& t! tria( '#urt, Said " titi#n -as dismiss d &#r (a'. #& m rit in t! C#urtQs r s#(uti#n #& +u(* 23, 1295, and a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n t! r #& -as d ni d &#r t! sam r as#n in a r s#(uti#n #& 1't#) r 28, 1295, $ A&t r tria(, t! '#urt ) (#- r nd r d /udgm nt #n >a* 23, 1299 in &av#r #& t! ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nt and #rd ring ! r in " titi#n r t# "a* damag s, %!us, " titi#n r a"" a( d said d 'isi#n t# t! CA )ut said r s"#nd nt '#urt a&&irm d in t#t# t! d 'isi#n #& t! tria( '#urt -it! a & '!ang s in t! am#unt #& t! damag s t# ) "aid, ISSUE 51N t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, -!# -as t! '#m"(ainant in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' and -!# "arti'i"at d in t! "r#s 'uti#n t! r #& -it!#ut r s rving t! 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! a't #r #missi#n '#m"(ain d #&, 'an &i( a s "arat a'ti#n &#r 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! sam a't #r #missi#n -! r t! ! r in " titi#n r -as a'3uitt d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n #n r as#na)( d#u)t and n# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* -as ad/udi'at d #r a-ard d in t! /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( HELD 67S $ %! a'ti#n is )as d #n a 3uasi$d (i't, t! &ai(ur #& t! r s"#nd nt t# r s rv !is rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( 'as and !is int rv nti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as did n#t )ar !im &r#m &i(ing su'! s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, Ratio %! a(( gati#ns #& t! '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nt su""#rts and is '#nstitutiv #& a 'as &#r a 3uasi$d (i't '#mmitt d )* t! " titi#n r, %! C#urt !as a(s# ! r t#&#r ru( d in #lcano vs. %ill t!atC ,,, a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n (i s against t! #&& nd r in a 'rimina( a't -! t! r #r n#t ! is 'rimina((* "r#s 'ut d and &#und gui(t* #r a'3uitt d, "r#vid d t!at t! #&& nd d "art* is n#t a((#- d, i& ! is a(s# a'tua((* '!arg d 'rimina((*, t# r '#v r damag s #n )#t! s'#r s; and -#u(d ) ntit( d in su'! v ntua(it* #n(* t# t! )igg r a-ard #& t! t-#, assuming t! a-ards mad in t! t-# 'as s var*, In #t! r -#rds, t! :tin'ti#n #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* r & rr d t# in Par, <'= #& S ', 3 Ru( 111, r & rs :'(usiv (* t# 'ivi( (ia)i(it* &#und d #n Arti'( 100 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d ; -! r as t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* &#r t! sam a't '#nsid r d as a 3uasi$d (i't #n(* and n#t as a 'rim is n#t :tinguis! d v n )* a d '(arati#n in t! 'rimina( 'as t!at t! 'rimina( a't '!arg d !as n#t !a"" n d #r !as n#t ) n '#mmitt d )* t! a''us d , , , $ %! a&#r 'it d 'as #& >ontoc vs. (D Transit ? Ta+i Co.& *nc.& et al, inv#(v d virtua((* t! sam &a'tua( situati#n, %! C#urt, in arriving at t! '#n'(usi#n ! r in) &#r 3u#t d, :"r ss(* d '(ar d t!at t! &ai(ur #& t! t! r in "(ainti&& t# r s rv !is rig!t t# &i( a s "arat 'ivi( 'as is n#t &ata(; t!at !is int rv nti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as did n#t )ar !im &r#m &i(ing a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s, s" 'ia((* '#nsid ring t!at t! a''us d t! r in -as a'3uitt d ) 'aus !is gui(t -as n#t "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t; t!at t! t-# 'as s - r an'!#r d #n t-# di&& r nt 'aus s #& a'ti#n, t! 'rimina( 'as ) ing #n a vi#(ati#n #& Arti'( 365 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d -!i( t! su)s 3u nt '#m"(aint &#r damag s -as )as d #n a 3uasi$d (i't; and t!at in t! /udgm nt in t! 'rimina( 'as t! as" 't #& 'ivi( (ia)i(it* -as n#t "ass d u"#n and r s#(v d, C#ns 3u nt(*, said 'ivi( 'as ma* "r#' d as aut!#ri8 d )* Arti'( 22 #& t! Civi( C#d ,

BUNAG JR# v CA :CIRILO< 211 SCRA 440 R7GA?A;1; +u(* 10, 1222
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! CA FACTS - 1n S "t, 8, 1293 C#nrad# Bunag +r, )r#ug!t L naida Ciri(# t# a m#t ( #r !#t ( -! r t! * !ad s :ua( int r'#urs and (at r t!at v ning ! )r#ug!t L naida t# t! !#us #& !is grandm#t! r0s !#us -! r t! * (iv d t#g t! r as !us)and and -i& &#r 21 da*s unti( S "t, 22, 1293, %! * &i( d t! ir a""(i'ati#n &#r marriag (i' ns -it! t! ?#'a( Civi( R gistra( #& Ba'##r, Cavit , 4#- v r, a&t r a & - da*s, C#nrad# &i( d an a&&idavit -it!dra-ing !is a""(i'ati#n &#r a marriag (i' ns , Plainti s Claim C#nrad# Bunag +r, a)du't d ! r in t! vi'init* #& San +uan d ;i#s 4#s"ita( in Pasa* Cit* and )r#ug!t ! r t# a m#t ( -! r s! -as ra" d, A&t r-!i'! ! said t!at ! -#u(d n#t ( t ! r g# un( ss t! * g t marri d, as ! int nd d t# marr* ! r , s# mu'! s# t!at s! "r#mis d n#t t# ma. an* s'anda( and t# marr* !im, %! * - nt t# !is gradm#t! r0s !#us and (iv d t#g t! r as !us)and and -i& &#r 21 da*s unti( Bunag +r, ( &t and n v r r turn d -!i'! !umi(iat d L naida and '#m" (( d ! r t# g# )a'. t# ! r "ar nts, Respondents Comment C#nrad# Bunag +r,and L naida Ciri(# !ad ar(i r mad "(ans t# (#" and g t marri d <sam as &irst s t #& &a'ts= , And t!at t! r as#n -!* C#nrad# )r#. #&& t! ir "(an t# g t marri d -as t! ir )itt r disagr m nts #v r m#n * and L naida0s t!r ats t# !is (i& , $ %! Ciri(#0s &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r damag s against C#nrad# Bunag +r, and !is &at! r C#nrad# Bunag Sr, <L naida0s un'( '(aims t!at Bunag Sr, assur d t! m t!at t! '#u"( - r t# ) marri d=, %! %ria( C#urt #rd r d Bunag +r, t# "a* damag s <80S$m#ra( damag s,20S$ : m"(ar* damag s, 20.$t m" rat damag s and 10. att#rn *0s & s= Bunag Sr, -as a)s#(v d &r#m an* and a(( (ia)i(it*,CA a&&irm d in t#t# $ Bunag +r '#nt nds t!at )#t! t! tria( '#urt a-ard d t! damag s #n t! )asis #& a &inding t!at ! is gui(t* #& &#r'i)( a)du'ti#n -it! ra" ,d s"it t! "ri#r dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aint t! r &#r &i( d )* L naida -it! t! Pasa* Cit* Fis'a(0s 1&&i' , ISSUE 51N t! Fis'a(0s dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aint &#r &#r'i)( a)du'ti#n -it! ra" :tinguis! d t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& C#nrad# Bunag +r HELD N1 $ %! dismissa( did n#t in an* -a* a&& 't t! rig!t #& L naida Ciri(# t# institut a 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! #&& ns ,

JARANTILLA v CA :SING< 191 SCRA 422 R7GA?A;1; >ar'! 21, 1282

NATURE A"" a( #n t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s u"!#(ding t! d 'isi#n #& t! tria( '#urt a-arding damag s t# t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, FACTS $ Privat r s"#nd nt +#s Suan Sing -as Rsid $s-i" d )* a v !i'( in t! v ning #& +u(* 9, 1291 in (8nart Str t, I(#i(# Cit*R %! r s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s '#n'urr d in t! &indings #& t! '#urt a $uo t!at t! said v !i'( -!i'! &igur d in t! mis!a", a @#(.s-ag n <B t( t*" = 'ar, -as t! n driv n )* " titi#n r 7dgar +aranti((a a(#ng said str t t#-ard t! dir 'ti#n #& t! "r#vin'ia( 'a"it#(, and t!at "rivat r s"#nd nt sustain d "!*si'a( in/uri s as a '#ns 3u n' , $ P titi#n r -as a''#rding(* '!arg d ) &#r t! t! n Cit* C#urt #& I(#i(# &#r s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' in Crimina( Cas N#, 49209 t! r #&, Privat r s"#nd nt, as t! '#m"(aining -itn ss t! r in, did n#t r s rv !is rig!t t# institut a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n and ! int rv n d in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& said 'rimina( 'as t!r#ug! a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, P titi#n r -as a'3uitt d in said 'rimina( 'as R#n r as#na)( d#u)tR, $ 1n 1't#) r 30, 1294, "rivat r s"#nd nt &i( d a '#m"(aint against t! " titi#n r in t! &#rm r C#urt #& First Instan' #& I(#i(#, Bran'! I@, d#'. t d t! r in as Civi( Cas N#, 2296, and -!i'! 'ivi( a'ti#n inv#(v d t! sam su)/ 't matt r and a't '#m"(ain d #& in Crimina( Cas N#, 49029, In !is ans- r &i( d t! r in, t! " titi#n r a(( g d as s" 'ia( and a&&irmativ d t ns s t!at t! "rivat r s"#nd nt !ad n# 'aus #& a'ti#n and, additi#na((*, t!at t! (att rQs 'aus #& a'ti#n, i& an*, is )arr d )* t! "ri#r /udgm nt in Crimina( Cas N#, 49209 inasmu'! as -! n said 'rimina( 'as -as institut d t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* -as a(s# d m d institut d sin' t! r in "(ainti&& &ai( d t# r s rv t! 'ivi( as" 't and a'tiv (* "arti'i"at d in t! 'rimina( 'as , $ %! r a&t r, a'ting #n a m#ti#n t# dismiss #& t! r in d & ndant, t! tria( '#urt issu d #n A"ri( 3, 1295 an #rd r #& d nia(, P titi#n r t! r a&t r &i( d

Criminal Procedure
$ Knd r t! "r s nt /uris"rud ntia( mi(i u, -! r t! tria( '#urt a'3uits t! a''us d #n r as#na)( d#u)t, it '#u(d v r* - (( ma. a "r#n#un' m nt #n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d and t! '#m"(ainant '#u(d &i( a " titi#n &#r mandamus t# '#m" ( t! tria( '#urt t# in'(ud su'! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* in t! /udgm nt #& a'3uitta(, And t!at t! &ai(ur #& t! '#urt t# ma. an* "r#n#un' m nt, &av#ra)( #r un&av#ra)( , as t# t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d am#unts t# a r s rvati#n #& t! rig!t t# !av t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* (itigat d and d t rmin d in a s "arat a'ti#n, %! ru( s n#-! r "r#vid t!at i& t! '#urt &ai(s t# d t rmin t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* it ) '#m s n# (#ng r n&#r' a)( , Dispositive ; 'isi#n #& CA a&&irm d, " ti#n d ni d,

a2010 page 33
- A "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n !as ) n d &in t# ) #n -!i'! aris s in a 'as , t! r s#(uti#n #& -!i'!, <3u sti#n = is a (#gi'a( ant ' d nt #& t! issu d inv#(v d in said 'as , and t! '#gni8an' #& -!i'! " rtains t# an#t! r tri)una(, Sim"(* "ut, t! 3u sti#ns must ) d t rminativ #& t! 'as ) &#r t! '#urt, and t!at /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* and r s#(v said 3u sti#n must ) (#dg d in an#t! r tri)una(, $ A""(*ing t! s t# t! 'as , it -i(( ) r adi(* s n t!at '(% ,ll%9%2 )*%8u2+.+,l Du%-'+$0 +- 0$' 2%'%*/+0,'+v% $& '(% 9u+l' $* +00$.%0.% $& '(% ),*'+%- .(,*9%2 ?+'( esta a, ) 'aus v n #n t! assum"ti#n t!at t! : 'uti#n #& t! r ' i"t -!#s annu(m nt t! * s#ug!t in t! 'ivi( 'as -as vitiat d )* &raud, dur ss #r intimidati#n, t! ir gui(t '#u(d sti(( ) sta)(is! d )* #t! r vid n' s!#-ing, t# t! d gr r 3uir d )* (a-, t!at t! * !ad a'tua((* r ' iv d &r#m t! '#m"(aint t! sum #& P20,000,00 -it! -!i'! t# )u* &#r !im a &is!ing )#at, and t!at, inst ad #& d#ing s#, t! * misa""r#"riat d t! m#n * and r &us d #r #t! r-is &ai( d t# r turn it t# !im u"#n d mand, %! '#nt nti#n #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts ! r in -#u(d ) t na)( !ad t! * ) n '!arg d -it! &a(si&i'ati#n #& t! sam r ' i"t inv#(v d in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, $ I& t! ru(ing - r #t! r-is , t! r -#u(d !ard(* ) a 'as &#r sta&a t!at '#u(d ) "r#s 'ut d s" di(*, it ) ing t! asi st t!ing &#r t! a''us d t# )(#'. t! "r#' dings )* t! sim"( :" di nt #& &i(ing an ind " nd nt 'ivi( a'ti#n against t! '#m"(ainant, raising t! r in t! issu t!at ! !ad n#t r ' iv d &r#m t! (att r t! am#unt a(( g d t# !av ) n misa""r#"riat d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

ind " nd nt(* "ursuant t# Art,33 #& CC, -!i'! "r#vid sC *n cases of defamation& fraud and ph'sical injuries& a civil action for damages& entirel' separate and distinct from the criminal action ma' be brought b' the injured part'. !uch civil action shall proceed independentl' of the criminal prosecution& and shall re$uire onl' a preponderance of evidence , ISSUE 51N t! is a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, t!us r 3uiring t! r s#(uti#n #& t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! d t rminati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as HELD N1 RatioC A "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, -!i'! is must ) d t rminativ #& t! 'as ) &#r t! '#urt, and /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! sam must ) (#dg d in an#t! r '#urt, is n#t "r s nt in t!is 'as , ReasoningC $ It is indis" nsa)( t! n &#r t!is " titi#n t# su'' d t!at t! a(( g d "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n must ) d t rminativ #& t! 'rimina( 'as ) &#r r s"#nd nt +udg , It is n#t s# in t!is 'as , $ Pisa()#r, v, % s#r#C CFI rr d in !#(ding t!at t! 'rimina( 'as s!#u(d ) sus" nd d, In t! "r s nt "r#' dings, t! 'ivi( 'as d# s n#t inv#(v a 3u sti#n "r /udi'ia( t# t! 'rimina( 'as , &#r t# -!#ms# v r t! (and ma* ) a-ard d a&t r a(( t! vid n' !as ) n "r s nt d in t! 'ivi( 'as , ma* n#t a&& 't t! a(( g d 'rim '#mmitt d )* t! n#tar* "u)(i', -!i'! is t! su)/ 't #& t! 'rimina( 'as , But, v n su""#sing t!at )#t! t! 'ivi( and t! 'rimina( 'as inv#(v t! sam 3u sti#n and #n must "r ' d t! #t! r, it s!#u(d ) t! 'ivi( 'as -!i'! s!#u(d ) sus" nd d rat! r t!an t! 'rimina(, t# a-ait t! r su(t #& t! (att r, $ ; (a Cru8 v Cit* Fis'a(C R gard( ss #& t! #ut'#m #& t! " nding 'ivi( 'as &#r annu(m nt #& t! a&&idavit #& ad/udi'ati#n, d t rminati#n #& t! '!arg #& &a(si&i'ati#n -#u(d ) )as d #n t! trut! #r &a(sit* #& t! narrati#n #& &a'ts in t! a&&idavit #& ad/udi'ati#n, V V V, %! r &#r , t! 'ivi( 'as a&#r m nti#n d d# s n#t inv#(v a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, $ B nit 8 v, C#n' "'i#n, +r <m#r ana(#g#us=C t! &a't t!at t! "rin'i"a( issu s in )#t! 'as s ar t! sam and did aris &r#m t! sam &a'ts -#u(d n#t s!#- an* n ' ssit* t!at t! 'ivi( 'as ) d t rmin d &irst ) &#r ta.ing u" t! 'rimina( 'as , $ Isi" v, G#n8a( sC t! r is a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n #n(* -! n t! matt r t!at !as t# ) "ri#r(* d 'id d )* an#t! r aut!#rit* is #n t! '#gni8an' #& -!i'! " rtains t# t!at aut!#rit* and s!#u(d n#t, und r t! 'ir'umstan' s, ) "ass d u"#n )* t! '#urt tr*ing t! 'rimina( 'as , $ >#r #v r, Art,33 :"(i'it(* "r#vid s t!at in 'as s #& ::: &raud, :::, a 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s ntir (* s "arat and distin't &r#m t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, ma* ) )r#ug!t )* t! in/ur d "art*, Su'! 'ivi( a'ti#n S4A?? "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n :::, $ in t!is 'as , &raud is t! )asis &#r )#t! t! 'ivi( and 'rimina( a'ti#ns, t!us t! * ar t# "r#' d ind " nd nt(*, %! inv#'ati#n #& t! d#'trin #& "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n is t!us att nd d -it! &uti(it*, P rs#na( n#t C ang "angit ng 'as , t! r 0s r a(* n# dis'ussi#n, "ur# 'itati#ns, t!at0s -!* t!is dig st is a(s# &u(( #& it, Dispositive P titi#n ;7NI7;,

JIMENEZ v A>ERIA 22 SCRA 380 ;IL1N; >ar'! 22, 1268

FACTS $ 1& (ia @, %ang and 7st &ania d (a Cru8 1(anda* - r '!arg d -it! sta&a in t! CFI #& Cavit -it! t! in&#rmati#n a(( ging t!at t! * misa""r#"riat d P20,000 r ' iv d &r#m >anu ( +im n 8 &#r t! "ur'!as #& a &is!ing )#at nam d Basnig, %! * a(s# !av t! #)(igati#n t# r turn t! m#n * i& t! * d# n#t "ur'!as t! )#at, -!i'! t! * did n#t d#, $ B &#r arraignm nt, t! a''us d &i( d a 'ivi( suit against +im n 8 in t! Ou 8#n CFI '#nt sting t! va(idit* #& a ' rtain r ' i"t sign d )* t! m #n 1't#) r 26, 1262 -! r in t! * a'.n#-( dg d !aving r ' iv d &r#m !im t! sum #& P20,000,00 -it! -!i'! t# "ur'!as &#r !im a &is!ing )#at and its a'' ss#ri s, and t! &urt! r sum #& P240,00 as ag ntQs '#mmissi#n, -it! t! #)(igati#n, #n t! ir "art, t# r turn t! a&#r said am#unts #n +anuar* 30, 1263 in 'as t! * - r una)( t# )u* t! &is!ing )#at, %! * ass rt n#- t!at t! * n v r r ' iv d an* am#unt &r#m +im n 8 and t!at t! * signatur s - r ta. n t!r#ug! t! m ans #& &raud and d ' it )* +im n 8 $ A&t r a & - da*s, t! * &i( d a m#ti#n t# sus" nd t! "r#' dings #& t! 'rimina( 'as " nding t! r s#(uti#n #& t! "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in t! 'ivi( 'as N -! t! r #r n#t t! ir signatur s - r ta. n t!r#ug! m ans #& &raud and d ' it )* +im n 8, $ +udg Av ria grant d t! m#ti#n and ! n' t!is ' rti#rari " titi#n $ Pre%ratio= +im n 8 rr d in t! &i(ing #& a ' rti#rari " titi#n, and s!#u(d !av &i( d a mandamus t# t! SC inst ad N t# '#m" ( t! (#- r '#urt t# "r#' d -it! t! 'as , ISSUE 51N t! d t rminati#n #& t! issu rais d in t! 'ivi( 'as m nti#n d ! r t#&#r is a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, in t! s ns t!at it must ) &irst r s#(v d ) &#r t! "r#' dings in t! 'rimina( 'as &#r sta&a ma* "r#' d HELD N1 $ %! issu #& &raud and d ' it rais d in t! 'ivi( 'as d# s n#t '#nstitut a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, %! 'rimina( '#urt must n#- tr* t! sta&a 'as against t! t-# a''us d, Reasoning

ROJAS v PEOPLE :ALIIPALA< 59 SCRA 243 F7RNAN;1; >a* 31, 1294

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $ R#/as -as '!arg d -M vi#(ati#n #& Art,312 <R m#va(, sa( , "( dg #& m#rtgag d "r#" rt*= #& RPC &#r : 'uting a n - '!att ( m#rtgag #n " rs#na( "r#" rt* <Cat r"i((ar %ra't#r= in &av#r #& an#t! r "art* -M# t! '#ns nt #& t! "r vi#us m#rtgag , A&t r t! 'rimina( 'as -as institut d, a 'ivi( 'as -as &i( d against !im )* t! #&& nd d "art* <C>S 7stat = &#r t! t rminati#n #& a manag m nt '#ntra't, #n #& t! 'aus s #& a'ti#n #& -!i'! '#nsist d #& " titi#n r !aving : 'ut d a '!att ( m#rtgag -! n a "ri#r '!att ( m#rtgag -as sti(( va(id and su)sisting, t!us giving (i t# !is :"r ss mani& stati#n t!at t! "r#" rt* -as &r &r#m a(( (i ns and n'um)ran' s, $ N#t C t! trigg r &#r t! &i(ing #& in&#rmati#n r C art,312 vi#(ati#n -as t! &i(ing #& 5 sta&a 'as s against R#/as, $ CFI +udg A(i."a(a #rd r d t! arraignm nt, t! n t! tria( &#r t! 'rimina( 'as , R#/as &i( d an a'ti#n &#r ' rti#rari against t! arraignm nt #rd r, and "r#!i)iti#n against t! #rd r s tting t! tria(, )as d #n t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r t! r v#'ati#n #& t! manag m nt '#ntra't, 4 '#nt nd d t!at a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n -as inv#(v d, t!us ! '#u(d n# (#ng r ) tri d " nding t! t rminati#n #& t! 'ivi( suit, %! r s"#nd nts, in turn, '#nt nd d t!at t! r s#(uti#n #& t! 'ivi( 'as -i(( n#t d t rmin t! (ia)i(it* #& R#/as in t! 'rimina( 'as <n#t a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n=; and v n granting t!at t! r -as a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, t! 'as s '#u(d "r#' d

RAS v RASUL 100 SCRA 125

Criminal Procedure
%774ANS77; S "t m) r 18, 1280
NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - and s t asid t! #rd r #& r s"#nd nt +udg dat d ; ' m) r 12, 1298 #& 'rimina( 'as in CFI Basi(an d n*ing " titi#n rQs m#ti#n as a''us d t! r in t# sus" nd "r#' dings du t# t! :ist n' #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in Civi( Cas #& t! sam '#urt FACTS $ A"ri( 29, 1298 $ ?uis Pi'! ( &i( d a C1>P?AIN% against A( /andr# Ras and Bi nv nid# >artin ) &#r CFI Basi(an "ra*ing &#r t! nu((i&i'ati#n #& t! d d #& sa( : 'ut d )* Ras in &av#r #& >artin and &#r t! d '(arati#n #& t! "ri#r d d #& sa( a(( g d(* : 'ut d in !is &av#r )* t! d & ndant A( /andr# Ras as va(id, $ RAS ANS57R U t! * n v r s#(d t! "r#" rt* t# Pi'! ( U t! signatur s a"" aring in t! d d #& sa( in &av#r #& "(ainti&& Pi'! ( - r &#rg ri s U t! r &#r t! a(( g d d d #& sa( in Pi'! (Qs &av#r s#ug!t t# ) d '(ar d va(id -as &i'titi#us and in :ist nt $ S "t m) r 5, 1298 $ -!i( Civi( Cas -as ) ing %RI7; ) &#r CFI Basi(an, t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #& Basi(an &i( d an INF1R>A%I1N &#r 7sta&a <'rimina( 'as = in t! sam '#urt against Ras arising &r#m t! sam d#u)( sa( su)/ 't matt r #& t! 'ivi( '#m"(aint &i( d )* ?uis Pi'! (, $ N#v m) r 6, 1298 $ " titi#n r &i( d a >1%I1N F1R SKSP7NSI1N 1F AC%I1N in said Crimina( Cas '(aiming t!at sam &a'ts and issu s - r inv#(v d in )#t! t! 'ivi( and 'rimina( 'as and t!at t! r s#(uti#n #& t! issu s in t! 'ivi( 'as -#u(d n ' ssari(* ) d t rminativ #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! a''us d, $ ; ' m) r 4, 1298 $ Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #& Basi(an &i( d !is #""#siti#n #n $ ; ' m) r 12, 1298 $ r s"#nd nt /udg sa- n# "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n and a''#rding(* d ni d t! m#ti#n ISSUE 51N 'ivi( 'as -#u(d ) "r /udi'ia( t# t! 'rimina( 'as giv n t!at t! * -#u(d dis'uss sam &a'ts and issu s HELD 67S $ t! r a"" ars t# ) a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in t! 'as at )ar, '#nsid ring t!at RasQ d & ns in Civi( Cas #& t! nu((it* and &#rg r* #& t! a(( g d "ri#r d d #& sa( in &av#r #& Pi'! ( <"(ainti&& in t! 'ivi( 'as and '#m"(aining -itn ss in t! 'rimina( 'as = is )as d #n t! v r* sam &a'ts -!i'! -#u(d ) n ' ssari(* d t rminativ #& RasQ gui(t #r inn#' n' as a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as , Ratio A "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n is d &in d as t!at -!i'! aris s in a 'as t! r s#(uti#n #& -!i'! is a (#gi'a( ant ' d nt #& t! issu inv#(v d t! r in, and t! '#gni8an' #& -!i'! " rtains t# an#t! r tri)una(, %! "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n must ) d t rminativ #& t! 'as ) &#r t! '#urt )ut t! /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* and r s#(v t! 3u sti#n must ) (#dg d in an#t! r '#urt #r tri)una(, It is a 3u sti#n )as d #n a &a't distin't and s "arat &r#m t! 'rim )ut s# intimat (* '#nn 't d -it! it t!at it d t rmin s t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! a''us d, Reasoning

a2010 page 34
$ F#r a 'ivi( 'as t# ) '#nsid r d "r /udi'ia( t# a 'rimina( a'ti#n as t# 'aus t! sus" nsi#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n " nding t! d t rminati#n #& t! 'ivi(, it must a"" ar n#t #n(* t!at t! 'ivi( 'as inv#(v s t! sam &a'ts u"#n -!i'! t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n is )as d, )ut a(s# t!at t! r s#(uti#n #& t! issu s rais d in said 'ivi( a'ti#n -#u(d ) n ' ssari(* d t rminativ #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! a''us d, $ I& t! &irst a(( g d sa( in &av#r #& Pi'! ( is v#id #r &i'titi#us, t! n t! r -#u(d ) n# d#u)( sa( and " titi#n r -#u(d ) inn#' nt #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, A '#nvi'ti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as <i& it - r a((#- d t# "r#' d a! ad= -#u(d ) a gr#ss in/usti' and -#u(d !av t# ) s t asid i& it - r &ina((* d 'id d in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n t!at ind d t! a(( g d "ri#r d d #& sa( -as a &#rg r* and s"uri#us, Dispositive 1rd r #& r s"#nd nt /udg in Crimina( Cas dat d ; ' m) r 12, 1298 is ! r )* s t asid , %! t m"#rar* r straining #rd r issu d )* t!is C#urt #n >a* 16, 1292 is ! r )* mad " rman nt and r s"#nd nt /udg is n/#in d &r#m "r#' ding -it! t! arraignm nt and tria( #& t! 'rimina( 'as un( ss t! 'ivi( 'as s!a(( !av ) n &ina((* d 'id d and t rminat d adv rs (* against " titi#n r,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

Ru&in# '#u(d n#t : 'ut t! ( as '#ntra'ts -it!#ut ! r '#n&#rmit* -it!#ut ! r '#n&#rmit* as '#$#-n r, %! Guant r#s &i( d a m#ti#n t# sus" nd t! "r#' dings in t! Crimina( Cas #n t! gr#und #& " nd n'* #& t! ;amag s Cas , t! Int stat Cas , and t! / 'tm nt 'as <t! 7/ 'tm nt Cas = -!i'! -as &i( d )* Ru&in# against ; m#'rata #n +anuar* 13, 1299, $ %! r s"#nd nts t##. t! "#siti#n t!at t! vari#us 'as s &#'us d #n t! issu s #& "#ss ssi#n and #-n rs!i" #& t! (#ts inv#(v d as - (( as #& t! im"r#v m nts t! r #n, ! n' , d t rminativ #& t! ir gui(t in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n and ! n' '#nstitutiv #& a prejudicial $uestion, $ ; s"it t! #)/ 'ti#ns mad )* t! " titi#n r, t! (#- r '#urt issu d t! #rd r &inding t!at a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n :ist d and sus" nding t! Crimina( 'as "r#' ding, 4 n' t!is a"" a(, ISSUE 51N t! issu s rais d in t! t!r 'as s m nti#n d inv#(v a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n t!at -arrants a sus" nsi#n #& t! Crimina( Cas HELD N1 %! issu s rais d in t! t!r 'as s d# n#t inv#(v t! "iv#ta( 3u sti#n #& -!# "(ant d t! sugar 'an and, t! r &#r , ar n#t d t rminativ juris et jure #& gui(t #r inn#' n' in t! Crimina( Cas , Reasoning % 5 prejudicial -uestion is one !ased on a act distinct and separate rom the crime !ut so intimately connected "ith it that it determines the guilt or innocence o the accused#( and or it to suspend the criminal action( it must appear not only that said case involves acts intimately related to those upon "hich the criminal prosecution "ould !e !ased !ut also that in the resolution o the issue or issues raised in the civil case( the guilt or innocence o the accused "ould necessarily !e determined# $ In t! 'as at )ar, t! issu s rais d -#u(d n#t '#nstitut a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n t# t! Crimina( Cas , %! Int stat Cas inv#(v s #n(* t! '#$ ! irs and t! &a'ts inv#(v d ar t#ta((* unr (at d t# t! Crimina( Cas , 7v n i& t! Int stat C#urt s!#u(d annu( t! divisi#n and u"!#(d t! '#$ #-n rs!i", t!at -#u(d n#t ) d t rminativ #& t! 'rimina( r s"#nsi)i(it* #& "rivat r s"#nd nts &#r t! &t #& t! sugar 'an , -!i'! " titi#n r '(aims ! "(ant d in g##d &ait! )* virtu #& t! va(id ( as agr m nt, %! 7/ 'tm nt Cas a(s# d# s n#t '#nstitut a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n t# t! Crimina( Cas , It inv#(v s t! issu #& "#ss ssi#n ) t- n '#$#-n rs, A d 'isi#n t! r in in &av#r #& ; m#'rata -#u(d n#t a&& 't t! rig!ts #& ?i)r#d#, -!i'! s"ring &r#m t! ( as '#ntra't, /ith regard the Damages case& it is actuall' the civil aspect of the Criminal Case as the two cases are of the same facts& and the entitlement to damages being predicated on the unlawful taking treated of in the Criminal Case& no necessit' arises for that civil Case to be determined ahead of the Criminal Case. Dispositive In t! a)s n' #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, t! #rd r #& t! /udg is s t asid and ! is instru't d t# "r#' d -it!#ut d (a* -it! t! tria( #& t! 'rimina( 'as ,

LIBRODO v COSCOLLUELA, JR# :GUANTERO< 116 SCRA 303 >7?7NCI1$47RR7RA; August 30, 1282
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari t# r vi - N gr#s CFI #rd r FACTS $ F (i" Riv ra di d ( aving ' rtain "r#" rti s in San Car(#s, N gr#s 1''id nta(, 4is stat -as s tt( d in a s" 'ia( "r#' ding #n N#v m) r 24, 1296 and -as t rminat d #n t! )asis #& a Pr#/ 't #& Partiti#n am#ng Ru&in# Riv ra ;amandaman, ; m#'rata Guant r#, and L#sim# Guant r#, $ Ru&in#0s s!ar #& t! stat '#m"ris #& (#ts d signat d as ?#ts 552$B, 1206$B, 1210$B, and a201$B -!i'! - r a(( sugar (ands, 1n +anuar* 18, 1299, Ru&in# ( as d t! "r#" rti s t# ;r, ?i)r#d#, t! " titi#n r, &#r a " ri#d #& t n agri'u(tura( 'r#" * ars, $ 1n August 31, ; m#'rata &i( d a " titi#n t# r $#" n t! int stat "r#' ding #n t! gr#und t!at s! -as n#t "r s nt -! n t! su)divisi#n "(an -as su)mitt d and t!at t! /udgm nt !as n#t ) '#m &ina( as t! )#undari s #n t! "artiti#n !av n#t ) n "(att d, $ In t! m antim , a''#rding t# t! " titi#n r, "rivat r s"#nd nts, Guant r#s, !arv st d t! sugar 'an s ! "(ant d #n t! (and ! ( as d &r#m Ru&in#, 1n August 10, 1298, a Crimina( Cas <t! Crimina( Cas = -as &i( d against t! r s"#nd nts &#r t! &t d manding damag s am#unting t# P s#s 15,120,00, ;uring t! " nd n'* #& t! Crimina( Cas , an#t! r 'as &#r damag s <t! ;amag s Cas = against t! "rivat r s"#nd nts a(( ging damag s t# t! " titi#n r 'aus d )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nts0 t! &t #& t! sugar 'an s and t! ir #''u"ati#n #& t! ( as d "r#" rti s t!us "r v nting !im &r#m 'u(tivating #r ta.ing "#ss ssi#n #& t! sam , 4 a(( g d t!at t!is r su(t d in !is ) ing d "riv d #& in'#m &#r t-# * ars am#unting t# P s#s 98,280,00, $ In t! ir ans- r, r s"#nd nts ass rt d t!at t! (#ts ar sti(( und r '#$ #-n rs!i" am#ng t! ! irs and t!at t!is is t! su)/ 't #& an#t! r s" 'ia( "r#' ding <t! Int stat Cas =, %!at said, ; m#'rata '#nt nd d t!at

BALGOS v SANDIGANBAYAN 196 SCRA 289 GANCA6C1; August 10, 1282

Criminal Procedure
NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - t! d 'isi#n #& Sandigan)a*an FACTS $ Ba(g#s t a( - r '!arg d -it! vi#(ati#n #& S 'ti#n 3<'= #& RA 3012, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! Anti$Gra&t and C#rru"t Pra'ti' A't, as am nd d, in an in&#rmati#n t!at -as &i( d -it! t! Sandigan)a*an )* t! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r -!i'! -as a""r#v d )* t! ; "ut* %an#d)a*an, a&t r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ ?im, t! "(ainti&& and "r vai(ing "art* in Civi( Cas N#, 4049 &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r r s'issi#n #& t! sa( #& t! 'ar )* +uanit# Ang t# "rivat r s"#nd nt ? ti'ia A'#sta$Ang &#r ) ing a(( g d(* in &raud #& 'r dit#rs, %! said '#m"(aint -as &i( d -it! t! R%C #& Nu va @i8'a*a, 1n t! sam da*, " titi#n rs &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r inv stigati#n in t! %an#d)a*an, %! sam -as grant d, $ %! %an#d)a*an #rd r d t# dismiss t! 'as &#r (a'. #& m rit and t# -it!dra- t! In&#rmati#n &i( d in Crimina( Cas N#, 11414 as s##n as "#ssi)( in t! int r st #& /usti' , $ %an#d)a*an &i( d -it! t! Sandigan)a*an a m#ti#n t# -it!dra- t! in&#rmati#n against " titi#n rs, %!is -as d ni d, $ BA(g#s t a( &i( d a m#ti#n t# sus" nd "r#' dings in t! 'rimina( 'as against t! m #n t! gr#und #& t! :ist n' #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in Civi( Cas N#, 5309, %!is -as (i. -is d ni d )* t! Sandigan)a*an, ISSUE 51N t! d nia( )* t! Sandigan)a*an #& t! m#ti#n t# -it!dra- t! in&#rmati#n and #& an#t! r m#ti#n t# sus" nd "r#' dings #n t! gr#und #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in a " nding 'ivi( a'ti#n '#nstitut a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, HELD N1, $ 5!i( t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r !as t! s#( dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& #&& ns s, #n' t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d in '#urt, t! '#urt t! r )* a'3uir s /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as and a(( su)s 3u nt a'ti#ns t!at ma* ) ta. n )* t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r in r (ati#n t# t! dis"#siti#n #& t! 'as must ) su)/ 't t# t! a""r#va( #& t! said '#urt, B &#r a r $inv stigati#n #& t! 'as ma* ) '#ndu't d )* t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, t! " rmissi#n #r '#ns nt #& t! '#urt must ) s 'ur d, And i& a&t r su'! r inv stigati#n t! "r#s 'uti#n &inds a '#g nt )asis t# -it!drat! in&#rmati#n #r #t! r-is 'aus t! dismissa( #& t! 'as , su'! "r#"#s d '#urs #& a'ti#n must ) addr ss d t# t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! '#urt, $ %! #n(* instan' -! n t! a"" ((at '#urt s!#u(d sta* t! !and #& t! tria( '#urt in su'! 'as s is -! n it is s!#-n t!at t! tria( '#urt a't d -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n #r in :' ss #& its /urisdi'ti#n #r #t! r-is '#mmitt d a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n am#unting t# su'! (a'. #r :' ss #& /urisdi'ti#n, $ P titi#n rs ar "u)(i' #&&i' rs '!arg d -it! !aving vi#(at d S 'ti#n 3<'= #& RA 3012, &#r vid nt )ad &ait! and mani& st "artia(it* in n&#r'ing t! -rit #& : 'uti#n in Civi( Cas N#, 4049 against a >ustang 'ar r gist r d in t! nam #& ? ti'ia A'#sta$Ang <'#m"(ainant= -!# is n#t t! /udgm nt d )t#r t! r )* 'ausing undu in/ur* t# said '#m"(ainant and giving un-arrant d ) n &its t# t! /udgm nt 'r dit#r in said 'as ,

a2010 page 35
$ K"#n r inv stigati#n #& t! 'rimina( 'as )* t! %an#d)a*an, ! &#und vid n' t nding t# s!#- t!at t! sa( #& said 'ar t# t! '#m"(ainant )* +uanit# Ang, t! /udgm nt d )t#r, -as a s!am int nd d t# d &raud !is 'r dit#rs; t!at t! d d #& a)s#(ut sa( -!i'! #st nsi)(* -as : 'ut d ) &#r a n#tar* "u)(i' a"" ar d t# ) &i'titi#us inasmu'! as t! ntr* #& t! d#'um nt in t! n#taria( r gist r #& said n#tar* "u)(i' #n said dat r & rr d t# a 'at ring '#ntra't #& #t! r "arti s; t!at t! ' rti&i'at #& r gistrati#n #& t! 'ar -as issu d t# '#m"(ainant #n(* #n +un 13, 1284 -!i'! s!#- d t!at t! d#'um nt #& sa( -as a'tua((* : 'ut d #n(* #n #r a)#ut t! sam dat , t!at is, s v n da*s a&t r +uanit# Ang r ' iv d '#"* #& t! adv rs d 'isi#n in Civi( Cas N#, 4049; and t!at u"#n t! : 'uti#n #& t! /udgm nt, t! 'ar -as &#und in t! "#ss ssi#n #& A(vin, t! s#n #& +uanit# Ang, -!# admitt d t!at t! 'ar ) (#ng d t# !is &at! r )* s!#-ing t! r ' i"t #& its r "air in t! nam #& +uanit# Ang, %!is is t! )asis #& t! m#ti#n &#r -it!dra-a( #& t! in&#rmati#n #& t! %an#d)a*an, $ %! r s"#nd nts ar a-ar t!at t! '#m"(ainant is n#t a "art* t# t! 'ivi( 'as &i( d )* t! 'r dit#r against s"#us s +uanit# and ?*dia Ang and t!at a -rit #& : 'uti#n 'ann#t ) im"( m nt d va(id(* against #n -!# is n#t a "art* t# t! a'ti#n, A(( t! s , '#u"( d -it! t! und r !ast in -!i'! t! ( v* #n t! >ustang 'ar -as mad -it!#ut &irst as' rtaining t! tru #-n r t! r #& d m#nstrat 3uit '#nvin'ing(* t! vid nt )ad &ait! and mani& st "artia(it* #& t! r s"#nd nts, t! r )* giving un-arrant d ) n &its t# t! /udgm nt 'r dit#r t# t! damag and "r /udi' #& t! '#m"(ainant, $ A(t!#ug! at t! r inv stigati#n, t! %an#d)a*an -as " rsuad d t!at in &a't t! sa( #& t! 'ar t# ? ti'ia Ang -as &raudu( nt, t!is did n#t n ' ssari(* '( ar " titi#n rs #& t! a&#r said Anti$Gra&t '!arg against t! m, Sti(( t! )urd n is #n t! " titi#n rs t# sta)(is! t!at t! * a't d in g##d &ait! in "r#' ding -it! t! : 'uti#n #n t! 'ar v n t! * - r "r s nt d vid n' t nding t# s!#- it did n#t ) (#ng t# +uanit# Ang an*m#r , $ %! d nia( #& t! m#ti#n t# sus" nd t! 'rimina( "r#' dings #n t! gr#und #& t! " nd n'* #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n in Civi( Cas N#, 5309 is - (( ta. n, %! d#'trin #& "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n '#m s int# "(a* usua((* in a situati#n -! r a 'ivi( a'ti#n and a 'rimina( a'ti#n ar )#t! " nding and t! r :ists in t! &#rm r an issu -!i'! must ) "r m"tiv (* r s#(v d ) &#r t! 'rimina( a'ti#n ma* "r#' d, ) 'aus -!ats# v r t! issu rais d in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n is r s#(v d -#u(d ) d t rminativ /uris t /ur #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as , $ %! " nding 'ivi( 'as &#r t! annu(m nt #& t! sa( #& t! 'ar t# ? ti'ia Ang is n#t d t rminativ #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! " titi#n rs &#r t! a'ts a(( g d(* '#mmitt d )* t! m in s i8ing t! 'ar, 7v n i& in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n it is u(timat (* r s#(v d t!at t! sa( -as nu(( and v#id, it d# s n#t n ' ssari(* &#((#- t!at t! s i8ur #& t! 'ar -as rig!t&u((* und rta. n, %! 'ar -as r gist r d in t! nam #& ? ti'ia Ang si: m#nt!s ) &#r t! s i8ur , Knti( t! nu((it* #& t! sa( is d '(ar d )* t! '#urts, t! sam is "r sum"tiv (* va(id, %!us, " titi#n rs must d m#nstrat t!at t! s i8ur -as n#t att nd d )* mani& st )ad &ait! in #rd r t# '( ar t! ms (v s #& t! '!arg in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, Dispositive %! " titi#n is ;7NI7; &#r (a'. #& m rit and t! r straining #rd r dat d +un 6, 1282 is ! r )* (i&t d, N# '#sts,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

NATURE R vi - #n ' rti#rari FACTS $ P titi#n rs <Kma(i, Ca(( /a, ? d sma= ar #&&i' rs #& t! O*$-%, ; v0t C#r"#rati#n, S#m tim #n S "t, 4, 1292, Kma(i "ur'!as d &r#m s"#us d 4#m#ri# and S#(ina 7dan# a (#t in >u(ana*, Pr#vin' #& Ou a8#n &#r P1, 036,500 "a*a)( #n 4 insta((m nts <P225,000, P291,500, P290,000, P 290,000= %! * issu d &#r t!is "ur"#s 4 '! '.s dra-n against t! C!art r d Ban., >ani(a Bran'!, %! &irst '! '. &#r P225,000,00 -as !#n#r d u"#n its "r s ntm nt, B* arrang m nt t! " titi#n rs mad -it! t! 7dan# s"#us s, a d d #& a)s#(ut sa( in t! nam #& 1r#s a ; v0t C#r", -as : 'ut d v n #& t! &u(( "ur'!as "ri' !as n#t * t ) n &u((* "aid, %! r a&t r, 1R1S7A s 'ur d a (#an #& P1,000,000,00 &r#m t! P!i(i""in @ t rans Ban. using t!is "r#" rt* as s 'urit*, 5! n t! '! '. &#r t! s '#nd insta((m nt & (( du , " titi#n rs t-i' as. d &#r d & rm nt, %! '! '.s t! * !av issu d - r dis!#n#r d, As a '#ns 3u n' #& t! dis!#n#r #& t! s '! '.s, t! 7dan# s"#us s &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r sta&a against " titi#n rs, $ %! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( against " titi#n rs #n >a* 21, 1281, and it -as d#'. t d as Crimina( Cas N#, 1423$I, Arraignm nt -as s t #n S "t m) r 4, 1281 )ut " titi#n rs &ai( d t# a"" ar, It -as r s t t# 1't#) r 5, 1281 )ut t!is -as "#st"#n d u"#n m#ti#n #& " titi#n rs, $ 1n 1't#) r 14, 1281, 1R1S7A &i( d a C#m"(aint in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ou 8#n against t! 7dan# s"#us s &#r t! annu(m ntMr s'issi#n #& t! C#ntra't #& Sa( &#r -!i'! t! " titi#n rs issu d t! '! '.s, su)/ 't #& t! 'rimina( 'as , $ %! sta&a 'as -as again s t &#r arraignm nt, %!is -as "#st"#n d, 5it! t! ntr* #& a n - '#uns (, " titi#n rs &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! sta&a 'as , #n gr#und #& im"r#" r v nu , )ut t!is m#ti#n -as -it!dra-n )* " titi#n rs ) &#r it '#u(d ) r s#(v d, $ %! arraignm nt -as again "#st"#n d t!ri' , P titi#n rs t! n &i( d a Q>#ti#n t# Sus" nd Arraignm nt and Furt! r Pr#' dings, -it! a Su""( m nta( >#ti#n %# Sus" nd Pr#' dings, %!is -as #""#s d )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #& Ou 8#n, R s#(ving t! m#ti#n t# sus" nd, r s"#nd nt +udg issu d !is #rd rs, n#- und r 3u sti#n, d n*ing t! m#ti#n, CFI #& Lam)a( s a(s# d ni d t! sam m#ti#n, A " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari is &i( d -it! CA and CA a&&irm d, ISSUE 51N "r#' dings s!#u(d ) sus" nd d unti( t! 'ivi( 'as is dis"#s d #&, sin' C@ N#, 8962 inv#(v s a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, HELD N1, $ C@ N#, 8962 s .s t! annu(m nt #& t! d d #& sa( in &av#r #& 1r#s a #n t! g#und t!at t! r -as &raud in misr "r s nting t!at t! (and is &r &r#m a(( (i ns and n'um)ran' s, and t!at it is n#t t nant d, -! n in trut! and &a't, t! (and is '#v r d )* t! (and r &#rm "r#gram and t!at vast "#rti#ns t! r #& ar tim) r (and, ! n' , a(( g d(* indis"#sa)( "u)(i' (and, %! r &#r , a''#rding t# " titi#n rs, C@ N#, 8962 inv#(v s issu s, t! r s#(uti#n #& -!i'! -i(( d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t " titi#n rs ar 'rimina((* (ia)( in CR N#, 1423$I, %! * &urt! r argu t!at, i& and -! n t! '#urt

UMALI v IAC :EDANO< 212 SCRA 332 PA;I??A; +un 21, 1220

Criminal Procedure
! aring C@ N#, 9862 annu(s t! su)/ 't d d #& sa( , t! n, t! ir #)(igati#n t# "a* "rivat r s"#nd nts und r t! said d d -#u(d ) :tinguis! d, r su(ting in t! dismissa( #& CR N#, 1423$I, %! '#ntra'ts ar t!us v#ida)( -it! t! :ist n' #& &raud vitiating t! ir '#ns nt, $ 4#- v r, it 'ann#t ) d ni d t!at at t! tim t! a'ts '#m"(ain d #& in t! sta&a 'as - r '#mmitt d, t! d d #& sa( t! * s . t# ) annu(( d, -as sti(( )inding t# t! "arti s, $ %! t-# <2= ss ntia( ( m nts &#r a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n t# :ist ar C <a= t! 'ivi( a'ti#n inv#(v s an issu simi(ar #r intimat (* r (at d t# t! issu rais d in t! 'rimina( a'ti#n; and <)= t! r s#(uti#n #& su'! issu in t! 'ivi( a'ti#n d t rmin s -! t! r #r n#t t! 'rimina( a'ti#n ma* "r#' d, $ Giv n t! natur #& a "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, and '#nsid ring t! issu s rais d in C@ N#, 8962 and CR N#, 1423$I, - agr -it! t! ru(ing #& t! r s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s t!at t! r s#(uti#n #& t! issu s in C@ N#, 8962 is n#t d t rminativ #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! " titi#n rs$ a''us d in CR N#, 1423$I, ! n' , n# "r /udi'ia( 3u sti#n is inv#(v d ) t- n t! said t-# <2= 'as s, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! " titi#n is ;7NI7;, %! d 'isi#n dat d 23 S "t m) r 1282 #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s in CA$GR SP N#, 14504 is ! r )* AFFIR>7;,

a2010 page 36
ISSUE 51N CA rr d in n#t r v rsing ! d 'isi#n #& t! %C &#r (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! a''us d and t! su)/ 't matt r #& t! a'ti#n &#r t! #&& ns a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt HELD @A. $ +urisdi'ti#n #v r t! " rs#n #& an a''us d is a'3uir d u"#n it! r !is a""r ! nsi#n, -it! #r -it!#ut -arrant, #r !is su)missi#n t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urt, It is n#t '(aim d t!at " titi#n r !ad n#t ) n a""r ! nd d #r !ad n#t su)mitt d !ims (& t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urt, 4is a'ti#ns s!#t!at ! n v r 3u sti#n d t! /udi'ia( aut!#rit* #& t! CFI, t! /usti' #& " a' and t! CA, 4 is d m d t# !av -aiv d -!at v r #)/ 'ti#n ! mig!t !av !ad t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #v r !is " rs#n, and, ! n' , t# !av su)mitt d !ims (& t# t! C#urtQs /urisdi'ti#n, 4is ) !avi#r $ "arti'u(ar(* t! m#ti#ns t! r in &i( d )* !im \ im"(i d, n#t m r (* a su)missi#n t# t! /urisdi'ti#n t! r #&, )ut a(s#, t!at ! urg d t! '#urts t# : r'is t! aut!#rit* t! r #& #v r !is " rs#n, $ 1n t! #t! r !and, it is - (( s tt( d t!at /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! su)/ 't matt r #& an a'ti#n is and ma* ) '#n& rr d #n(* )* (a-, %!at /urisdi'ti#n #v r a giv n 'rim , n#t v st d )* (a- u"#n a "arti'u(ar '#urt, ma* n#t ) '#n& rr d t! r t# )* t! "arti s inv#(v d in t! #&& ns ; and t!at, und r an in&#rmati#n &#r &#r'i)( a)du'ti#n, t! a''us d ma* ) '#nvi't d #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt, Art 344 <3= RPC stat s t!atC R, , , t! #&& ns s #& s du'ti#n, a)du'ti#n, ra" #r a'ts #& (as'ivi#usn ss, s!a(( n#t ) "r#s 'ut d :' "t u"#n a '#m"(aint &i( d )* t! #&& nd d "art* #r ! r "ar nts, grand"ar nts, #r guardian, n#r in an* 'as , i& t! #&& nd d !as ) n :"r ss(* "ard#n d )* t! a)#v $ nam d " rs#ns, as t! 'as ma* ) R, $ Art 344 RPC d# s n#t d t rmin t! /urisdi'ti#n #& #ur '#urts #v r t! #&& ns t! r in num rat d, It '#u(d n#t a&& 't said /urisdi'ti#n, ) 'aus t! sam is g#v rn d )* t! +udi'iar* A't #& 1248, n#t )* RPC, -!i'! d a(s "rimari(* -it! t! d &initi#n #& 'rim s and t! &a't#rs " rtin nt t# t! "unis!m nt #& t! 'u("rits, %! '#m"(aint r 3uir d in said Arti'( 344 is m r (* a '#nditi#n "r ' d nt t# t! : r'is )* t! "r#" r aut!#riti s #& t! "#- r t# "r#s 'ut t! gui(t* "arti s, And su'! '#nditi#n !as ) n im"#s d R#ut #& '#nsid rati#n &#r t! #&& nd d -#man and ! r &ami(* -!# mig!t "r & r t# su&& r t! #utrag in si( n' rat! r t!an g# t!r#ug! -it! t! s'anda( #& a "u)(i' tria(,R $ %! gist #& " titi#n rQs "r t ns is t!at t! r ar s#m ( m nts #& t! (att r -!i'! ar n#t in'(ud d in t! &#rm r, and, n#t a(( g d, a''#rding t# !im, in t! '#m"(aint &i( d ! r in, nam (*C 1= t!at t! #&& nd d "art* is a virgin; and 2= t!at s! is #v r 12 and und r 18 * ars #& ag , %! s '#nd ( m nt is '( ar(* s t &#rt! in said '#m"(aint, -!i'! stat s t!at 7st r K(san# is Ra min#r , , , 19 * ars #& ag , , ,R, and, ! n' , #v r 12 and ) (#- 18 * ars #& ag , $ As r gards t! &irst ( m nt, it is s tt( d t!at t! virginit* m nti#n d in Art 343 RPC, as an ss ntia( ingr di nt #& t! 'rim #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt, s!#u(d n#t ) und rst##d in its mat ria( s ns and d# s n#t :'(ud t! id a #& a)du'ti#n #& a virtu#us -#man #& g##d r "utati#n ) 'aus t! ss n' #& t! #&& ns Ris n#t t! -r#ng d#n t# t! -#man, )ut t! #utrag t# t! &ami(* and t! a(arm "r#du' d in it )* t! disa"" aran' #& #n #& its m m) rs,R $ %! '#m"(aint in t! 'as at )ar a(( g s n#t #n(* t!at 7st r K(san# is a min#r 19 * ars #& ag , )ut a(s# t!at " titi#n r R-i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

& (#ni#us(*R t##. ! r )* &#r' and vi#( n' , , , against ! r -i(( and ta.ing advantag #& t! a)s n' #& ! r m#t! rR &r#m t! ir d- ((ing and 'arri d R! r t# a s '(ud d s"#t t# gain 'arna( int r'#urs -it! t! #&& nd d "art* against ! r -i((, using &#r' , intimidati#n and vi#( n' , -it! ( -d d signs,R %!is a(( gati#n im"(i s t!at 7st r is a min#r (iving und r "atria "r#t stas, t!us ( ading t# t! "r sum"ti#n t!at s! is a virgin a"art &r#m ) ing virtu#us and !aving a g##d r "utati#n, %! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' in'(ud s t!at #& m#ra(it* and d ' n'*, and #& '!astit*, Dispositive /herefore& the decision appealed from is hereb' affirmed& with costs against the petitioner (a+imino <aldepenas. *t is so ordered.

PEOPLE v PLATEROS 83 SCRA 401 AOKIN1; >a* 30 1298

FACTS $ 1n nig!t, P dr# Cand ( t#g t! r -it! #t! r " di'a) driv rs and %#mas > tu'ua, a s '#nd * ar '#(( g stud nt dran. ) r in t! .it'! n tt , S at d at an#t! r ta)( - r 5ar(it# P(at r#s and >uri((# ?a!#* -!# - r a(s# drin.ing ) r, $ > tu'ua and P(at r#s - r riva(s &#r t! a&& 'ti#n #& 7str ((a Si(amr#, t! 'as!i r in t! .it'! n tt , 5! n > tu'ua -as ta(.ing -it! 7str ((a, !is a(( g d s- t! art, P(at r#s - nt n ar t! m and r &us d t# ( av t! m, t! r )* ann#*ing > tu'ua, $ At a)#ut midnig!t, Pi3u r#, Cand ( and A_#ra, a''#m"ani d )* > tu'ua, ( &t t! .it'! n tt and - nt t# t! ir " di'a), Cand ( -as s at d in t! sid 'ar #& t! tri'*'( , > tu'ua sat #n t! driv rQs s at, ?a!#* and P(at r#s 'am #ut #& t! .it'! n tt , ?a!#* a"" ar d t# ) angr*, !#sti( and m na'ing, 5it!#ut an* -arning, ! sta)) d Cand ( <ma'be thinking that it was (etucua who was inside the pedicab because Candel is the driver B abberatio personae4 t-# tim s, P(at r#s a(s# sta)) d Cand (, >#v d )* t! instin't #& s (&"r s rvati#n, Cand ( /um" d #ut #& t! sid 'ar, 4 & (( #n t! gr#und &a' d#-n, ?a!#* a(( g d(* sta)) d > tu'ua, %! n, P(at r#s and ?a!#* &( d &r#m t! s' n #& t! assau(t, $ Cand ( -as )r#ug!t t# t! !#s"ita( )ut ! di d #n t!at sam m#rning, Procedure $ %-# in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& B#!#( a''using P(at r#s and ?a!#* #& <1= >urd r #& Cand ( and <2= Att m"t d >urd r #& > tu'ua, $ %! tria( '#urt tri d t! t-# 'as s /#int(* and r nd r d #n(* #n d 'isi#n, P(at r#s and ?a!#* - r &#und gui(t* #& murd r, s nt n'ing a'! #& t! m #& r '(usi#n " r" tua, In t!at sam d 'isi#n, t! tria( '#urt '#nvi't d ?a!#* #& att m"t d murd r <P(at r#s, !is '#$a''us d, -as a'3uitt d= #& > tu'ua, $ ?a!#* a"" a( d t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s and t! CA a'3uitt d !im, $ %! murd r 'as -as ( vat d t# SC &#r r vi -, %#g t! r -it! it, t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( ( vat d t! att m"t d murd r 'as ) ! ) (i v d t!at t! d 'isi#n #& CA is v#id ) 'aus ?a!#*0s a"" a( #ug!t t# !av ) n ' rti&i d t# t! Su"r m C#urt )* t! CA ) 'aus t! att m"t d murd r im"ut d t# ?a!#* -as '#mmitt d #n t! sam #''asi#n and ar#s #ut #& t! sam #''urr n' as t! murd r im"ut d t# !im and P(at r#s in t!is

>ALDEPENAS > PEOPLE 16 SCRA 891 C1NC7P%I1N; A"ri( 30, 1266

NATURE A"" a( )* >a:imin# @a(d " nas &r#m a d 'isi#n #& t! CA, a&&irming t!at #& t! CFI #& Caga*an, '#nvi'ting !im #& t! 'rim #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt, FACTS $ +an 25, 56 N 7st r K(san# &i( d -it! t! /usti' #& " a' a 'rimina( '#m"(aint '!arging @a(d " nas -it! &#r'i)( a)du'ti#n -it! ra" #& 7st r K(san#, A&t r t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, t! s '#nd stag #& -!i'! -as -aiv d )* @a(d " nas, t! /usti' #& " a' &#und t!at t! r -as "r#)a)( 'aus and &#r-ard d t! '#m"(aint t# t! CFI, $ CFI &#und !im gui(t* as '!arg d and s nt n' d !im a''#rding(*, $ 1n a"" a(, CA m#di&i d t! d 'isi#n, '#nvi'ting !im #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt, $ @a(d " nas &i( d >FR and n - tria( '#nt sting t! &indings #& CA, t# t! && 't t!at '#m"(ainant -as ) (#- 18 *M# at t! tim #& t! #''urr n' , >#ti#n -as grant d, %! d 'isi#n -as s t asid and t! 'as -as r mand d t# t! CFI $ CFI r nd r d d 'isi#n r it rating &indings #& CA, P titi#n r again a"" a( d t# CA -!i'! a&&irm d t! CFI d 'isi#n, $ >FR -as &i( d #n t! gr#und t!at (#- r '#urt !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! " rs#n and t! su)/ 't matt r #& t! a'ti#n -rt t! #&& ns #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt, >FR -as d ni d Petitioners claims N t! r -as n# '#m"(aint &#r a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt &i( d and t!at t! (#- r '#urt a'3uir d n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r !is " rs#n #r #v r t! 'rim #& a)du'ti#n -it! '#ns nt,

Criminal Procedure
'as , as '#nt m"(at d in s 'ti#n 19<1=, &#rm r(* s 'ti#n 19<4= #& t! +udi'iar* ?a-, -!i'! r adsC RS7C, 19, +urisdi'ti#n #& t! Su"r m C#urt, $: : : R : : :: : : : : : R%! Su"r m C#urt s!a(( !av :'(usiv /urisdi'ti#n t# r vi -, r vis , r v rs , m#di&* #r a&&irm #n a"" a(, as t! (a- #r ru( s #& '#urt ma* "r#vid , &ina( /udgm nts and d 'r s #& in& ri#r '#urts ! r in "r#vid d, in R<1= A(( 'rimina( 'as s inv#(ving #&& ns s &#r -!i'! t! " na(t* im"#s d is d at! #r (i& im"ris#nm nt; and t!#s inv#(ving #t! r #&& ns s -!i'!, a(t!#ug! n#t s# "unis! d, ar#s #ut #& t! sam #''urr n' #r -!i'! ma* !av ) n '#mmitt d )* t! a''us d #n t! sam #''asi#n, as t!at giving ri' t# t! m#r s ri#us #&& ns , r gard( ss #& -! t! r t! a''us d ar '!arg d as "rin'i"a(s, a''#m"(i' s #r a'' ss#ri s, #r -! t! r !av ) n tri d /#int(* #r s "arat (*; : : :,R $ In #t! r -#rds, t! att m"t d murd r 'as (i. t! instant murd r 'as , '#m s -it!in t! :'(usiv a"" ((at /urisdi'ti#n #& t! SCt and s!#u(d !av ) n d 'id d t#g t! r -it! t! instant murd r 'as , ISSUES An Attempted (urder Case 1, 51N t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a'3uitting ?a!#* #& att m"t d murd r s!#u(d ) s t asid &#r (a'. #& a"" ((at /urisdi'ti#n #r as a A(a-( ss t!ingB An (urder case 2, 51N t! gui(t #& ?a!#* and P(at r#s -as "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t 3, 51N t! r -as '#ns"ira'* ) t- n ?a!#* and P(at r#s 4, 51N t! 'rim s!#u(d ) 'at g#ri8 d as sim"( !#mi'id #n(* and n#t murd r HELD 1, N1, Ratio; %! ru( in s 'ti#n 19<1= is d sign d t# av#id '#n&(i'ts ) t- n t! d 'isi#ns #& t!is C#urt and t! C#urt #& A"" a(s in 'as s inv#(ving #&& ns s -!i'! ar#s &r#m t! sam #''urr n' #r -!i'! - r '#mmitt d #n t! sam #''asi#n usua((* )* t! sam a''us d, 4#- v r, t!at g n ra( ru( !as an :' "ti#n, 5! r , )* a((#-ing t! C#urt #& A"" a(s t# d 'id a 'an inv#(ving an #&& ns , -!i'! is n#t "unis!a)( )* d at! #r r '(usi#n " r" tua )ut -!i'! ar#s #ut #& t! sam #''urr n' #r -as '#mmitt d #n t! sam #''asi#n, as t! 'as inv#(ving an #&& ns "unis!a)( )* d at! #r r '(usi#n " r" tua " nding in t!is C#urt, t! r -i(( ) n# '#n&(i't ) t- n t! d 'isi#ns #& t!is C#urt and t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, t! &#rm r 'as n d n#t ) ( vat d t# t!is C#urt <P #"( vs, Cari_#, 101 P!i(, 1206=, %! rati#na( #& t!at :' "ti#n t# t! g n ra( ru( is &#und in t! ma:imC C ssani rati#n ( gis, ' ssat t i"sa ( :, <%! r as#n &#r t! (a- ' asing, t! (a- its (& a(s# ' as s,= Reasoning; $ %! d#'trin #& t! Cari_# 'as ma* ) a""(i d in t!is 'as ) 'aus ! r t! r 'an ) n# '#n&(i't ) t- n t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s and t!is C#urtQs d 'isi#n in t! instant murd r 'as inasmu'! as t! vi'tims in t! t-# 'as s ar di&& r nt, %! att m"t d murd r 'as d 'id d )* t! C#urt #& A"" a(s inv#(v d t! -#unding #& a ' rtain %#mas > tu'ua -! r as, in t! instant murd r 'as t! vi'tim -as P dr# Cand (, %! a'3uitta( #& ?a!#* in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! -#unding #&

a2010 page 3
> tu'ua -#u(d n#t a&& 't t! d t rminati#n #& !is gui(t #r inn#' n' in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! d at! #& P dr# Cand (, $ %!is !#(ding d# s n#t in an*-a* mas'u(at t! ru( in s 'ti#n 19<1= t!at 'rimina( 'as s a"" a( d t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, inv#(ving #&& ns s -!i'! ar#s #ut #& t! sam #''urr n' , #r -!i'! - r '#mmitt d #n t! sam #''asi#n as t! #&& ns "unis! d )* d at! #r r '(usi#n " r" tua s!#u(d ) ' rti&i d t# t!is C#urt )* t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, It is t!is C#urt t!at -#u(d d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t t! 'as s a"" a( d t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s s!#u(d ) d 'id d t#g t! r -it! t! 'as a"" a( d t# t!is C#urt, 2, 67S %! & )( d nia(s #& P(at r#s and ?a!#* <-!# admitt d(* - r n ar t! #-ns #& t! 'rim , -! n it -as " r" trat d= 'ann#t "r vai( #v r t! "#sitiv and un 3uiv#'a( d '(arati#ns #& t! * -itn ss s, A_#ra and Pi3u r#, t!at t! a"" ((ants - r t! aut!#rs #& t! sta) -#unds -!i'! 'aus d Canda(Qs d at!, %! ir gui(t -as "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, 3, 67S, %! r -as a '#ns"ira'* ) t- n P(at r#s and ?a!#* as s!#-n in t! ir '#n' rt d &&#rts t# in/ur Cand (, P(at r#s and ?a!#*, as )##n '#m"ani#ns, !ad ) n t#g t! r sin' &#ur #Q'(#'. in t! a&t rn##n, %! * !ad g#n t# di&& r nt "(a' s and r "air d t-i' t# t! .it'! n tt , %! * - r t#g t! r -! n t! * ( &t t! s' n #& t! sta))ing, 4, N1 ?a!#* and P(at r#s, -!# '#u(d !av sta)) d Cand ( #r > tu'ua insid t! .it'! n tt , did n#t d# s#, %! * -ait d &#r > tu'ua and t! " di'a) driv rs t# ( av t! .it'! n tt , %! ir int nti#n -as t# ma. a sur"ris atta'. -it!#ut an* ris. t# t! ms (v s, %! assau(t -as d (i) rat , sudd n and un :" 't d, %!at is t! '!ara't risti's mani& stati#n #& tr a'! r* <a( v#sia=, 4 n' , t! .i((ing -as "r#" r(* 'at g#ri8 d as murd r )* t! tria( '#urt <Art, 14<16=, R vis d P na( C#d =, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! tria( '#urtQs /udgm nt is a&&irm d -it! '#sts against t! a"" ((ants, %! * ar ntit( d t# 'r dit &#r t! ir "r v ntiv im"ris#nm nt und r t! '#nditi#ns (aid d#-n in arti'( 22 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'rimina( a'ti#n and n#t t! (a- in && 't at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, $Knd r S ' 89 #& t! +udi'iar* A't #& 1248, Amuni'i"a( /udg s in t! 'a"ita(s #& "r#vin' s and su)$"r#vin' s and /udg s #& 'it* '#urts s!a(( !av (i. /urisdi'ti#n as t! CFI t# tr* "arti s '!arg d -it! an #&& ns -it!in t! ir r s" 'tiv /urisdi'ti#ns, in -!i'! " na(ti s "r#vid d d# n#t :' d "risi#n '#rr ''i#na( #r &in s n# :' ding P6,000 #r )#t!, $At t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim , t! im"#sa)( " na(t* und r Art 315 #& t! RPC -as arr st# ma*#r in its ma:imum " ri#d t# "risi#n '#rr ''i#na( it is minimum " ri#d, &a((ing - (( -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Cit* C#urt, But -! n t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d, P; 818 !ad in'r as d t! im"#sa)( " na(t* t# "risi#n ma*#r in its m dium " ri#d, $%! r a( 3u sti#n rais d )* " titi#n r is -! t! r t! said d#'trin disr gards t! ru( against r tr#a'tivit* #& " na( (a-s, It !as ) n r " at d(* ! (d t!at in 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns, /urisdi'ti#n is n#t d t rmin d )* -!at ma* ) m t d #ut t# t! #&& nd r in a&t r tria( )ut )* t! :t nt #& t! " na(t* -!i'! t! (a- im"#s s, 1n' /urisdi'ti#n is a'3uir d )* t! C#urt in -!i'! t! in&#rmati#n is &i( d, it is r tain d r gard( ss #& -! t! r t! vid n' "r#v s a ( ss r #&& ns -!i'! 'arri s a " na(t* t!at -#u(d #t! r-is &a(( -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& an in& ri#r '#urt, $In t! instant 'as , s!#u(d t! in&#rmati#n ) r &i( d -it! t! R%C, t! '#urt ma* n#t im"#s a m#r #n r#us " na(t* u"#n ?ag#n, A(t!#ug! t! R%C r tains su)/ 't$matt r /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* and d 'id t! r &i( d 'as und r P; 818, giv n t! dat #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim <) &#r && 'tivit* #& P; 818=, t! (#- r " na(t* "r#vid d in Art 315 <#t! r-is -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Cit* C#urt= s!#u(d ) im"#s d, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! C#urt r s#(v d t# ;7N6 t! " titi#n

ZALDI>IA > REYES, JR# 211 SCRA 299 CRKL; +u(* 3, 1222
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari FACTS $ %! " titi#n r ?us La(divia is '!arg d -it! 3uarr*ing &#r '#mm r'ia( "ur"#s s -it!#ut a ma*#rQs " rmit in vi#(ati#n #& 1rdinan' N#, 2, S ri s #& 1288, #& t! >uni'i"a(it* #& R#drigu 8, in t! Pr#vin' #& Ri8a(, a(( g d(* '#mmitt d #n >a* 11, 1220, %! r & rra($'#m"(aint #& t! "#(i' -as r ' iv d )* t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r <1PP= #& Ri8a( #n >a* 30, 1220 and t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d -it! t! >%C #& R#drigu 8, "r sid d )* +udg Andr s R * s, +r,, #n 1't#) r 2, 1220, $ %! " titi#n r m#v d t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! 'rim !ad "r s'ri) d, )ut t! m#ti#n -as d ni d, 1n a"" a(, t! R%C #& Ri8a( a&&irm d t! d nia( #& t! m#ti#n, Petitioners claims In t!is " titi#n, t! " titi#n r argu s t!at t! '!arg against ! r is g#v rn d )* t! &#((#-ing "r#visi#ns #& t! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur <RSP=C !ection 7. !cope. This rule shall govern the procedure in the (etTC& the (TC& and the (CTC in the following cases B. Criminal Cases C. <iolations of municipal or cit' ordinances- .

PEOPLE v LAGON 185 SCRA 442 F7?ICIAN1,C >a* 18, 1220

FACTS $1n +u(* 9 1296 a 'rimina( a'ti#n -as &i( d -it! t! Cit* C#urt #& R#:as '!arging ?ag#n -it! sta&a &#r a(( g d(* issuing a P4,232 '! '. as "a*m nt &#r g##ds .n#-ing s! !ad insu&&i'i nt &unds, 4#- v r #n ; ', 2, as t! tria( '#mm n' d, t! Cit* C#urt dismiss d t! in&#rmati#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! " na(t* "r s'ri) d )* (a- &#r sta&a -as ) *#nd t! '#urt0s aut!#rit* t# im"#s , 4 n' t!is " titi#n &#r r vi -, ISSUE 51N t! Cit* C#urt !ad /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as HELD N1 $ It is s tt( d d#'trin t!at /urisdi'ti#n #& a '#urt in 'rimina( (a- matt rs is d t rmin d )* t! (a- in && 't at t! tim #& t! '#mm n' m nt #& t!

Criminal Procedure
$ P titi#n r a(s# inv#. s A't N#, 3326, RAn A't t# 7sta)(is! P ri#ds #& Pr s'ri"ti#n &#r @i#(ati#ns P na(i8 d )* S" 'ia( A'ts and >uni'i"a( 1rdinan' s and t# Pr#vid 5! n Pr s'ri"ti#n S!a(( B gin t# Run,R r ading as &#((#-sC !ection 7. <iolations penali"ed b' special acts shall& unless otherwise provided in such acts& prescribe in accordance with the following rules . . . <iolations penali"ed b' municipal ordinances shall prescribe after two months. !ection D. Prescription shall begin to run from the da' of the commission of the violation of the law& and if the same be not known at the time& from the discover' thereof and the institution of judicial proceedings for its investigation and punishment. The prescription shall be interrupted when proceedings are instituted against the guilt' person& and shall begin to run again if the proceedings are dismissed for reasons not constituting jeopard'. $ P titi#n r '#n'(ud s t!at as t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d -a* ) *#nd t! t-#$m#nt! statut#r* " ri#d &r#m t! dat #& t! a(( g d '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , t! '!arg against ! r s!#u(d !av ) n dismiss d #n t! gr#und "r s'ri"ti#n, Prosecutions position %! "r#s 'uti#n '#nt nds t!at t! "r s'ri"tiv " ri#d -as sus" nd d u"#n t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint against ! r -it! t! 1PP, %! S#(G n inv#. s S 'ti#n 1, Ru( 110 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur <RCP=, "r#viding as &#((#-sC !ection 7. %ow *nstituted 1or offenses not subject to the rule on summar' procedure in special cases& the institution of criminal action shall be as follows 5b4 1or offenses falling under the jurisdiction of the (TC and (CTC& b' filing the complaint directl' with the said courts& or a complaint with the fiscal.s office. %owever& in (etropolitan (anila and other chartered cities& the complaint ma' be filed onl' with the office of the fiscal. *n all cases such institution interrupts the period of prescription of the offense charged. $ R s"#nd nt maintains t!at t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint -it! t! 1PP '#m s und r t! "!ras Rsu'! instituti#nR and t!at t! "!ras Rin a(( 'as sR a""(i s t# a(( 'as s, -it!#ut distin'ti#n, in'(uding t!#s &a((ing und r t! RSP, ISSUE 51N t! #&& ns !as "r s'ri) d HELD 67S $ %! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint in t! >%C, v n i& it ) m r (* &#r "ur"#s s #& "r (iminar* :aminati#n #r inv stigati#n, s!#u(d, and d# s, int rru"t t! " ri#d #& "r s'ri"ti#n #& t! 'rimina( r s"#nsi)i(it*, v n i& t! '#urt -! r t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d 'an n#t tr* t! 'as #n its m rits, 7v n i& t! '#urt -! r t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d ma* #n(* "r#' d t# inv stigat t! 'as , its a'tuati#ns a(r ad* r "r s nt t! initia( st " #& t! "r#' dings against t! #&& nd r, $ It is im"#rtant t# n#t t!at t!is d 'isi#n -as "r#mu(gat d #n >a* 30, 1283, t-# m#nt!s ) &#r t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t! RSP #n August 1, 1283, 1n t! #t! r !and, S 'ti#n 1 #& Ru( 110 is n -, !aving ) n in'#r"#rat d t! r in -it! t! r visi#n #& t! RCP #n +anuar* 1, 1285, :' "t &#r t! (ast "aragra"!, -!i'! -as add d #n 1't#) r 1, 1288,

a2010 page 3!
$ S ', 1 #& t! RCP ) gins -it! t! "!ras , R&#r #&& ns s n#t su)/ 't t# t! ru( #n summar* "r#' dur in s" 'ia( 'as s,R -!i'! "(ain(* signi&i s t!at t! s 'ti#n d# s n#t a""(* t# #&& ns s -!i'! ar su)/ 't t# summar* "r#' dur , %! "!ras Rin a(( 'as sR a"" aring in t! (ast "aragra"! #)vi#us(* r & rs t# t! 'as s '#v r d )* t! S 'ti#n, t!at is, t!#s #&& ns s n#t g#v rn d )* t! RSP, $ %! '!arg against t! " titi#n r, -!i'! is &#r vi#(ati#n #& a muni'i"a( #rdinan' #& R#drigu 8, is g#v rn d )* t! RSP and n#t t! RCP, $ 5! r "aragra"! <)= #& t! s 'ti#n d# s s" a. #& R#&& ns s &a((ing und r t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! >%C and >C%C,R t! #)vi#us r & r n' is t# S 'ti#n 32 <2= #& B,P, N#, 122, v sting in su'! '#urtsC 0D4 #+clusive original jurisdiction over all offenses punishable with imprisonment of not e+ceeding four 'ears and two months& or a fine of not more than four thousand pesos& or both such fine and imprisonment& regardless of other imposable accessor' or other penalties& including the civil liabilit' arising from such offenses or predicated thereon& irrespective of kind& nature& value& or amount thereof- Provided& however& That in offenses involving damage to propert' through criminal negligence the' shall have e+clusive original jurisdiction where the imposable fine does not e+ceed twent' thousand pesos. $ %! s #&& ns s ar n#t '#v r d )* t! RSP, Knd r S 'ti#n 2 #& t! RSP, Rt! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n s!a(( ) &i( d dir 't(* in '#urt -it!#ut n d #& a "ri#r "r (iminar* :aminati#n #r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n,R B#t! "arti s agr t!at t!is "r#visi#n d# s n#t "r v nt t! "r#s 'ut#r &r#m '#ndu'ting a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n i& ! -ants t#, 4#- v r, t! 'as s!a(( ) d m d '#mm n' d #n(* -! n it is &i( d in '#urt, -! t! r #r n#t t! "r#s 'uti#n d 'id s t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, %!is m ans t!at t! running #& t! "r s'ri"tiv " ri#d s!a(( ) !a(t d #n t! dat t! 'as is a'tua( &i( d in '#urt and n#t #n an* dat ) &#r t!at, $ %!is int r"r tati#n is in '#ns#nan' -it! t! a&#r $3u#t d A't N#, 3326 -!i'! sa*s t!at t! " ri#d #& "r s'ri"ti#n s!a(( ) sus" nd d R-! n "r#' dings ar institut d against t! gui(t* "art*,R %! "r#' dings r & rr d t# in S 'ti#n 2 t! r #& ar 6judicial proceedings&6 '#ntrar* t# t! su)missi#n #& t! S#(G n t!at t! * in'(ud administrativ "r#' dings, $ At an* rat , t! C#urt & (s t!at i& t! r ) a '#n&(i't ) t- n t! RSP and t! RCP, t! &#rm r s!#u(d "r vai( as t! s" 'ia( (a-, And i& t! r ) a '#n&(i't ) t- n A't N#, 3326 and t! RCP, t! (att r must again *i (d ) 'aus t!is C#urt, in t! : r'is #& its ru( $ma.ing "#- r, is n#t a((#- d t# Rdiminis!, in'r as #r m#di&* su)stantiv rig!tsR und r Arti'( @III, S 'ti#n 5 <5= #& t! C#nstituti#n Pr s'ri"ti#n in 'rimina( 'as s is a su)stantiv rig!t, $ %! "r s'ri"tiv " ri#d &#r t! 'rim im"ut d t# t! " titi#n r '#mm n' d &r#m its a(( g d '#mmissi#n #n >a* 11, 1220, and nd d t-# m#nt!s t! r a&t r, #n +u(* 11, 1220, in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#n 1 #& A't N#, 3326, It -as n#t int rru"t d )* t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint -it! t! 1PP #n >a* 30, 1220, as t!is -as n#t a /udi'ia( "r#' ding, %! /udi'ia( "r#' ding t!at '#u(d !av int rru"t d t! " ri#d -as t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n -it! t! >%C #& R#drigu 8, )ut t!is -as d#n #n(* #n 1't#) r 2, 1220, a&t r t! 'rim !ad a(r ad* "r s'ri) d, Dispositive P titi#n is GRAN%7;, Cas is ;IS>ISS7; #n t! gr#und #& "r s'ri"ti#n,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

;IL1N, 1't#) r 22, 1266
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n C rti#rari and Pr#!i)iti#n FACTS $P titi#n rs <R#* @i((as#r, Ang (ina > i/ia ?#" 8 and Aur#ra > /ia @i((as#r= and #t! r ! irs #& s"#us s >anu ( > i/ia and G(#ria ?a8atin nt r d int# a '#ntra't -it! r s"#nd nt %rinidad ?a8atin &#r t! d v (#"m nt and su)divisi#n #& 3 "ar' (s #& (and ) (#nging t# t! int stat stat , ?a8atin trans& rr d !is rig!ts t# % rra ; v0t C# <%;C=, $P titi#n rs and '#$! irs &i( d an a'ti#n in CFI OC &#r r s'issi#n #& said '#ntra't -it! ?a8atin &#r a(( g d gr#ss and -i((&u( vi#(ati#n #& its t rms, $R s"#nd nts <?a8atin and %;C= &i( d -it! Fis'a(0s 1&&i' #& Cit* #& Ang ( s a '#m"(aint against " titi#n rs &#r vi#(ati#n #& A192 in r (ati#n t# A191, "ar4, RPC, Pr (iminar* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d, Fis'a( &i( d -it! C#urt in Ang ( s Cit* in&#rmati#n '!arging " titi#n rs -it! 'rim #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& "rivat d#'um nt, A(( g d(*, Aur#ra and Ang (ina mad it a"" ar t!at t! * - r t! guardians #& min#rs G #rg and A( :and r > i/ia <s#ns #& t! s"#us sH= -! n t! * - r n0t t! guardians at t! dat #& t! : 'uti#n #& t! d#'um nt, a ' rtain Car#(ina >, d Castr# -as t! /udi'ia( guardian #& t! said min#rs=, $P titi#n rs as. d &#r a r inv stigati#n, Ang ( s Cit* Fis'a( r inv stigat d t# giv t! m #""#rtunit* t# "r s nt :'u("at#r* vid n' , A&t r r inv stigati#n, "arti s '!arg d m#v d &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as /,+0ly $0 '(% 9*$u02 '(,' '(% C+'y C$u*' $& A09%l%- (,2 0$ 8u*+-2+.'+$0 $v%* '(% $&&%0-% @%.,u-% '(% )*+v,'% 2$.u/%0' '(,' .$0',+0%2 '(% ,ll%9%2 &,l-% -','%/%0' $& &,.' ?,- -+90%2 @y '(%/ $u'-+2% '(% '%**+'$*+,l l+/+'- $& -,+2 .+'y <1n in >a.ati, t! #t! r #n in OC=, $4#- v r, t! r s#(uti#n #& t! ir m#ti#n t# dismiss -as d (a* d and t! Cit* C#urt a(r ad* s t t! ir 'rimina( 'as &#r arraignm nt, P titi#n rs s 'ur d s v ra( "#st"#n m nts #& t! arraignm nt, But sin' Cit* Fis'a( '#ntinua((* &ai( d t# a't #n t! ir m#ti#n t# dismiss, " titi#n rs &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! inst ad, #n t! gr#und t!at '#urt !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n, R s"#nd nts <-it! '#n&#rmit* #& Cit* Fis'a(= &i( d an #""#siti#n t# t! m#ti#n t# 3uas!, R s"#nd nt /udg d ni d m#ti#n t# 3uas!, s t arraignm nt, S# " titi#n rs &i( d "r s nt a'ti#n, ISSUE 1, 51N Cit* C#urt #& Ang ( s Cit* !ad /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* and d 'id t! 'rimina( 'as &#r a(( g d &a(si&i'ati#n #& a "rivat d#'um nt a(( g d(* d#n )* t! "arti s nam d in t! in&# v n i& t! a'ts #& &a(si&i'ati#n -as a(( g d(* d#n in >a.ati and OC, and t!us #utsid t! /urisdi'ti#n #& said '#urt Other procedural issues 2, 51N t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! -as im"r#" r, and s!#u(d n#t ) a((#- d sin' )* &i(ing t! said m#ti#n, t! " titi#n rs n ' ssari(* assum s t! trut! #& t! a(( gati#n #& t! in&#rmati#n t# t! && 't t!at t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d -it!in t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& Ang ( s Cit* 3, 51N t! "ra* r &#r -rits #& ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n is "r#" r HELD 1, N1,

LOPEZ v CITY JUDGE 18 SCRA 616

Criminal Procedure
Ratio# T(% )l,.% ?(%*% '(% .*+/+0,l $&&%0-% ?,- .$//+''%2 0$' $0ly 2%'%*/+0%- '(% v%0u% $& '(% ,.'+$0 @u' +- ,0 %--%0'+,l %l%/%0' $& 8u*+-2+.'+$0 DKS vs, Pagda*umanE, Reasoning# P titi#n rs ar '!arg d -it! !aving &a(si&i d a "rivat d#'um nt, n#t using a &a(si&i d d#'um nt, s# it is ss ntia( t# d t rmin -! n and -! r t! #&& ns #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& a "rivat d#'um nt is d m d '#nsummat d #r '#mmitt d, %! 'rim #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& a "rivat d#'um nt is '#nsummat d -! n su'! d#'um nt is a'tua((* &a(si&i d -it! t! int nt t# "r /udi' a 3rd " rs#n, -! t! r su'! &a(si&i d d#'um nt is #r is n#t "ut t# us i(( ga((*, %! im"r#" r and i(( ga( us #& t! d#'um nt is n#t mat ria( #r ss ntia( ( m nt #& t! 'rim #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& a "rivat d#'um nt DKS vs, In&ant , KS vs, Barr t#E 2, N1 Ratio# %! m#ti#n t# 3uas! n#- "r#vid d &#r in Ru( 119 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt is mani& st(* )r#ad r in s'#" t!an t! d murr r, as it is n#t (imit d t# d & 'ts a""ar nt u"#n t! &a' #& t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n )ut :t nds t# issu s arising #ut #& :tran #us &a'ts, as s!#-n )* t! 'ir'umstan' t!at, am#ng t! gr#unds &#r a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, S 'ti#n 2 #& said Ru( "r#vid s &#r &#rm r / #"ard* #r a'3uitta(, :tin'ti#n #& 'rimina( a'ti#n #r (ia)i(it*, insanit* #& t! a''us d t',, -!i'! n ' ssari(* inv#(v 3u sti#ns #& &a't in t! d t rminati#n #& -!i'! a "r (iminar* tria( is r 3uir d, Reasoning# %! argum nt #& t! r s"#nd nts r & r t# t! n#- #)s#( t d murr r t# an in&#rmati#n, 3, 67S Ratio# %! g n ra( ru( is t!at a '#urt #& 3uit* -i(( n#t issu a -rit #& ' rti#rari t# annu( an #rd r #& a (#- r '#urt d n*ing a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, n#r issu a -rit #& "r#!i)iti#n t# "r v nt said '#urt &r#m "r#' ding -it! t! 'as a&t r su'! d nia(, it ) ing t! ru( t!at u"#n su'! d nia( t! d & ndant s!#u(d nt r !is "( a #& n#t gui(t* and g# t# tria( and, i& '#nvi't d, rais #n a"" a( t! sam ( ga( 3u sti#ns '#v r d )* !is m#ti#n t# 3uas!, In t!is as - (( as in #t! r /urisdi'ti#ns, !#- v r, t!is is n# (#ng r t! !ard and &ast ru( , $%! -rits #& ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n, as :tra#rdinar* ( ga( r m di s, ar , in t! u(timat ana(*sis, int nd d t# annu( v#id "r#' dings; t# "r v nt t! un(a-&u( and #""r ssiv : r'is #& ( ga( aut!#rit* and t# "r#vid &#r a &air and #rd r(* administrati#n #& /usti' , Reasoning# In s v ra( 'as s, t! '#urt a(r ad* t##. '#gni8an' #& said -rits, #v r(##.ing t! &(a- in t! "r#' dur &#((#- d in t! int r st #& a m#r n(ig!t n d and su)stantia( /usti' , %! (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Cit* C#urt #& Ang ( s is "at nt and it -#u(d ) !ig!(* un&air t# '#m" ( t! " titi#n rs t# und rg# tria( in said '#urt and su&& r a(( t! m)arrassm nt and m nta( anguis! t!at g# -it! it, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, /udgm nt is ! r )* r nd r d d '(aring t!at t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n &i( d in Crimina( Cas N#, C$2268 #& t! Cit* C#urt #& Ang ( s Cit* is n#t -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& said '#urt and t!at, t! r &#r , said '#urt is ! r )* r strain d and "r#!i)it d &r#m &urt! r "r#' dings t! r in, C#sts against t! "rivat r s"#nd nts,

a2010 page 3"

P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari #& 1rd rs #& CFI Bu(a'an FACTS $ C 'i(ia 6ABK% -as a''us d #& 7S%AFA )* m ans #& &a(s "r t ns s ) &#r t! CFI Bu(a'an, S! , as tr asur r #& t! 6a)ut %ransit ?in s, made out C checks in the total sum of P9& E9F.8: dra-n against t! > r'!ants Ban.ing C#r" <(#'at d in Ca(##'an Cit*=, "a*a)( t# Fr -a* %ir s Su""(*, %! '! '.s - r dis!#n#r d ) 'aus #& insu&&i'i nt &unds, 6a)ut &ai( d t# d "#sit t! n ' ssar* &unds t# '#v r t! '! '.s, $ Inst ad #& nt ring a "( a, 6ABK% &i( d a >1%I1N %1 OKAS4 '#nt nding t!atC <1= t! a'ts '!arg d d# n#t '#nstitut t! #&& ns as t! r is n# a(( gati#n t!at t! "#stdat d '! '.s - r issu d and d (iv r d t# t! '#m"(ainant "ri#r t# #r simu(tan #us(* -it! t! d (iv r* #& t! m r'!andis ; <2= sta&a is n#t indi'ta)( -! n '! '.s ar "#stdat d #r issu d in "a*m nt #& "r $ :isting #)(igati#ns; <3= v%0u% ?,- +/)*$)%*ly l,+2 ) 'aus '! '.s - r issu d and r ' iv d )* '#m"(ainant in Ca(##'an, 6a)ut0s #&&i' , $ %! P #"( #""#s d and maintain d t!at n - (a- #n '! '.s, RA 4885, am nding Art, 315 "ar,2<d= RPC, " na(i8 s t! "#stdating and t!at >a(#(#s '#urt 'an : r'is /urisdi'ti#n sin' t! (ast ingr di nt #& t! 'as , damage, trans"ir d in Bu(a'an <r sid n' #& t! '#m"(ainant= a&t r t! dis!#n#r #& t! '! '.s &#r (a'. #& &unds, $ %! /udg 3uas! d t! in&#rmati#n &#r t! r as#n #& im"r#" r v nu , %! #t! r issu -as n#t r s#(v d )* t! /udg , $ P #"( 0s >FR &#r t!is dismissa( -as d ni d, VV %!is is a'tua((* a d 'isi#n &#r t-# " titi#nsC t! #t! r 'as inv#(v d C 'i(ia0s !us)and, G7>INIAN1 -!# -as a(s# '!arg d -it! sta&a, in !is 'a"a'it* as t! Pr sid nt #& 6a)ut %ransit ?in s, %! :a't sam t!ing !a"" n d in !is 'as <m#ti#n t# 3uas! $U im"r#" r v nu r as#n $U 3uas! d $U >FR d ni d=, ISSUE 1, 51N CFI Bu(a'an !ad /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as 2, 51N n - (a- "unis! s t! "#stdating #r issuan' t! r #& in "a*m nt #& a "r $ :isting #)(igati#n 3, 51N &a'ts '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#ns '#nstitut sta&a HELD 1, 67S Ratio 7sta&a )* "#stdating #r issuing a )ad '! '. und r Art, 315 "ar 2<d= #& t! RPC /,y @% , '*,0-+'$*y $* .$0'+0u+09 $&&%0-%, Its )asi' ( m nts #& d ' it and damag ma* ind " nd nt(* aris in s "arat "(a' s, In t! v nt #& su'! #''urr n' , t! instituti#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n in it! r "(a' is ( ga((* a((#- d, $ %! v nu #& t! #&& ns (i s at t! "(a' -! r t! '! '. -as e+ecuted and delivered to the pa'ee, Reasoning S 'ti#n 14<a=, Ru( 110 #& t! R1CC AIn a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns t! a'ti#n s!a(( ) institut d and tri d in t! C#urt #& t! muni'i"a(it* #r "r#vin' -! r in t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d #r an* #n #& t! ss ntia( ingr di nts t! r #& t##. "(a' ,B $ %! sta&a '!arg d in t! 2 in&#rmati#ns inv#(v d ! r a"" ar t# ) transit#r* #r '#ntinuing in natur , ; ' it !as ta. n "(a' in >a(#(#s <t!ru issuan' and d (iv r* #& -#rt!( ss '! '.s=, -!i( t! damag in Ca(##'an, -! r t! '! '.s - r dis!#n#r d )* t! dra- )an.s t! r ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ %! "(a' -! r t! )i((s - r -ritt n, sign d #r dat d d# s n#t n ' ssari(* &i: t! "(a' -! r t! * - r : 'ut d, 5!at is d 'isiv is t! d (iv r* #& t! instrum nt -!i'! is t! &ina( a't ss ntia( t# its '#nsummati#n as an #)(igati#n, $ %! r ' i"t #& t! )ad '! '.s )* a ' rtain 6am)a# in Ca(##'an 'ann#t ) ta. n as d (iv r* #& t! '! '.s t# Fr -a* %ir s ) 'aus ! did n#t ta. d (iv r* #& t! '! '.s as !#(d r, $ P(a' #& )usin ss #& Fr -a* %ir s is at >a(#(#s, Bu(a'an &r#m -! r t! tir and gas "ur'!as s - r mad )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, Pa*m nt s!#u(d t! n ) '#nsid r d && 't d t! r , 2, 67S ) ;u t# t! a)s n' #& '#n'r t vid n' #n t! s" 'i&i' natur #& t! #)(igati#n assum d #r su""#s d(* dis'!arg d )* t! issuan' #& t! )ad '! '.s, r s#(uti#n #& t!is '#ntr#v rsia( issu #n t! )asis #& t! av rm nts in t! in&#rmati#ns a(#n is n#t ri" , 3, 67S Reasoning In '#nsid ring a m#ti#n t# 3uas! )as d #n t! gr#und t!at t! &a'ts '!arg d d# n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns , t! "#int #& r s#(uti#n is -! t! r t! &a'ts a(( g d, i& !*"#t! ti'a((* admitt d, -#u(d m t t! ss ntia( ( m nts #& t! #&& ns as d &in d in t! (a-, Fa'ts a(( g d s!#u(d ) ta. n as t! * ar , Dispositive A"" a( d #rd rs #rd ring t! 3uas!a( #& t! sta&a in&#rmati#ns against t! t-# "rivat r s"#nd nts ar r v rs d and s t asid , Arraignm nt #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts in t! 'rimina( 'as s s!#u(d ) s t at t! ar(i st dat , and t! r a&t r, t! tria( #n t! m rits t# "r#' d imm diat (*,

SEPARATE OPINION TEEHANIEE G.$0.u**+09H

$ %! m#ti#n t# 3uas! #n t! gr#und #& im"r#" r v nu must *i (d t# t! :"r ss a(( gati#ns #& t! in&#rmati#ns, ) aring in mind t!at -!at d t rmin s /urisdi'ti#n ar t! a(( gati#ns in t! in&#rmati#n and t!at v nu is su&&i'i nt(* '#n& rr d -! r in an* #n #& t! ss ntia( ingr di nts #& t! #&& ns '!arg d t##. "(a' , It a(s# im"#rts #n t! "art #& t! a''us d a !*"#t! ti'a( admissi#n #& t! &a'ts a(( g d in t! in&#rmati#n,

AGBAYANI v SAYO 82 SCRA 622 AOKIN1; A"ri( 30, 1292

NATURE Instant " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $C#nrad# B, >a!inan, a (a-* r, -as t! manag r #& t! Caga*an @a(( * Bran'! #& t! G#v rnm nt S rvi' Insuran' S*st m <GSIS= stati#n d at Caua*an, Isa) (a, Am#ng !is su)#rdinat s - r 5i(s#n Ag)a*ani, Carm (# N, Bautista, Pa)(# R, Pas'ua(, and R nat# R#m # P, ;uga*, $1n >ar'! 8, 1296, >a!inan &i( d -it! t! &is'a(Qs #&&i' at Ba*#m)#ng, Nu va @i8'a*a a '#m"(aint &#r -ritt n d &amati#n against Ag)a*ani, Bautista, Pas'ua( and ;uga*,

PEOPLE v YABUT 96 SCRA 624 >AR%IN; A"ri( 22, 1299

NATURE

Criminal Procedure
$1n +u(* 23, 1296, t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #& Nu va @i8'a*a &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t!at "r#vin' an in&#rmati#n &#r (i) ( '!arging Ag)a*ani, Bautista, Pas'ua( and ;uga* -it! !aving ma(i'i#us(* mad d &amat#r* im"utati#ns against >a!inan #n #r a)#ut F )ruar* 19, 1296 in Bam)ang, Nu va @i8'a*a, $Ou#t d in t! in&#rmati#n - r t! a&&idavits #& Pas'ua( and Bautista sign d at Caua*an, Isa) (a, BautistaQs undat d ( tt r as.ing &#r >a!inanQs dismissa(, and Ag)a*aniQs Runusua( in'id nt r "#rtR su)s'ri) d and s-#rn t# ) &#r a >ani(a n#tar* and n'(#sing d#'um ntar* vid n' t# su""#rt !is '!arg s #& ma(v rsati#n and &a(si&i'ati#n against >a!inan and "ra*ing &#r t! (att rQs s "arati#n &r#m t! s rvi' , $A''#rding t# t! in&#rmati#n, a(( t!#s d#'um nts a(( g d(* d "i't d >a!inan Ras an in'#rrigi)( manag ria( mis&it, d s"#i( r #& "u)(i' #&&i' , s" ndt!ri&t #& GSIS &unds, inv t rat gam)( r, '!r#ni' &a(si&i rR, and an Runr &#rm d :$'#nvi'tR, $%! &#ur a''us d &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! '#nt nding t!at t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Nu va @i8'a*a !as n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! #&& ns '!arg d ) 'aus >a!inan -as a "u)(i' #&&i' r !#(ding #&&i' at Caua*an, Isa) (a -! n t! a(( g d (i) ( -as '#mmitt d and, und r Arti'( 360 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , t! #&& ns '!arg d '#m s -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Isa) (a, %! * argu d t!at t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #& Nu va @i8'a*a !ad n# aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t# &i( t! in&#rmati#n, $It -as d ni d )* t! tria( '#urt in its #rd r #& A"ri( 25, 1299 #n t! gr#und t!at >a!inan -as n#t a "u)(i' #&&i' r -it!in t! m aning #& arti'( 203 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d sin' t! insuran' )usin ss #& t! GSIS is n#t an in! r nt(* g#v rnm nta( &un'ti#n, $A&t r " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n &#r t! r '#nsid rati#n #& t!at #rd r -as d ni d, t! * &i( d in t!is C#urt t! instant " titi#n, ISSUE 51N t! CFI #& Nu va 7'i/a -as t! "r#" r v nu #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r -ritt n d &amati#n &i( d )* >a!inan HELD N1 $%! r is n# issu as t# -! t! r >a!inan is a "u)(i' #&&i' r, As GSIS )ran'! manag r, ! is un3u sti#na)(* a "u)(i' #&&i' r, $Arti'( 360, -!i'! (a*s d#-n t! ru( s #n v nu in 'as s #& -ritt n d &amati#n and -!i'! s" 'i&i s t! #&&i' r #r '#urt t!at s!#u(d '#ndu't t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, r ads as &#((#-sC AR%, 360,P rs#ns r s"#nsi)( , , , , R%! 'rimina( and 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r damag s in 'as s #& -ritt n d &amati#ns as "r#vid d &#r in t!is '!a"t r, s!a(( ) &i( d simu(tan #us(* #r s "arat (* -it! t! '#urt #& &irst instan' #& t! "r#vin' #r 'it* -! r t! (i) (#us arti'( is "rint d and &irst "u)(is! d #r -! r an* #& t! #&& nd d "arti s a'tua((* r sid s at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns C KP*$v+2%2, ($?%v%*, T(,' ?(%*% $0% $& '(% $&&%02%2 ),*'+%- +- , )u@l+. $&&+.%* ?($-% $&&+.% +- +0 '(% C+'y $& M,0+l, ,' '(% '+/% $& '(% .$//+--+$0 $& '(% $&&%0-%, '(% ,.'+$0 -(,ll @% &+l%2 +0 '(% C$u*' $& F+*-' I0-',0.% $& '(% C+'y $& M,0+l, $* $& '(% .+'y $* )*$v+0.% ?(%*% '(% l+@%l$u- ,*'+.l% +- )*+0'%2 ,02 &+*-' )u@l+-(%2, ,02 +0 .,-% -u.( )u@l+. $&&+.%* 2$%- 0$' ($l2 $&&+.% +0 '(% C+'y $& M,0+l,, '(% ,.'+$0 -(,ll @% &+l%2 +0 '(% C$u*' $& F+*-' I0-',0.% $&

a2010 page 40
'(% )*$v+0.% $* .+'y ?(%*% (% (%l2 $&&+.% ,' '(% '+/% $& '(% .$//+--+$0 $& '(% $&&%0-% $* ?(%*% '(% l+@%l$u- ,*'+.l% +- )*+0'%2 ,02 &+*-' )u@l+-(%2L KP*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0 $& .*+/+0,l ,.'+$0- &$* ?*+''%0 2%&,/,'+$0- ,- )*$v+2%2 &$* +0 '(% .(,)'%* -(,ll @% .$02u.'%2 @y '(% )*$v+0.+,l $* .+'y &+-.,l $& '(% )*$v+0.% $* .+'y, $* @y '(% /u0+.+),l .$u*' $& '(% .+'y $* .,)+',l $& '(% )*$v+0.% ?(%*% -u.( ,.'+$0- /,y @% +0-'+'u'%2 +0 ,..$*2,0.% ?+'( '(% )*$v+-+$0- $& '(+- ,*'+.l%# R, , , ,R <As am nd d )* R "u)(i' A't N#s, 1282 and 4363= $ B &#r arti'( 360 -as am nd d, t! ru( -as t!at a 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r (i) ( ma* ) institut d in an* /urisdi'ti#n -! r t! (i) (#us arti'( -as "u)(is! d #r 'ir'u(at d, irr s" 'tiv #& -! r it -as -ritt n #r "rint d, Knd r t!at ru( , t! 'rimina( a'ti#n is transit#r* and t! in/ur d "art* !as a '!#i' #& v nu , $7:" ri n' !ad s!#-n t!at und r t!at #(d ru( t! #&& nd d "art* '#u(d !arass t! a''us d in a (i) ( 'as )* (a*ing t! v nu #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n in a r m#t #r distant "(a' , $R "u)(i' A't N#, 4363 -as na't d s# as t# "r v nt t! #&& nd d "art* in -ritt n d &amati#n 'as s &r#m in'#nv ni n'ing t! a''us d )* m ans #& #ut$#&$t#-n (i) ( suits, m aning '#m"(aints &i( d in r m#t muni'i"a( '#urts $%! ru( s #n v nu in arti'( 360 ma* ) r stat d t!usC 1, 5! t! r t! #&& nd d "art* is a "u)(i' #&&i'ia( #r a "rivat " rs#n, t! 'rimina( a'ti#n ma* ) &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t! "r#vin' #r 'it* -! r t! (i) (#us arti'( is "rint d and &irst "u)(is! d, 2, I& t! #&& nd d "art* is a "rivat individua(, t! 'rimina( a'ti#n ma* a(s# ) &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t! "r#vin' -! r ! a'tua((* r sid d at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , 3, I& t! #&& nd d "art* is a "u)(i' #&&i' r -!#s #&&i' is in >ani(a at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , t! a'ti#n ma* ) &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a, 4, I& t! #&& nd d "art* is a "u)(i' #&&i' r !#(ding #&&i' #utsid #& >ani(a, t! a'ti#n ma* ) &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t! "r#vin' #r 'it* -! r ! ! (d #&&i' at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns , $As a '#r#((ar*, t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r -ritt n d &amati#n s!a(( ) '#ndu't d )* t! "r#vin'ia( #r 'it* &is'a( #& t! "r#vin' #r 'it*, #r )* t! muni'i"a( '#urt #& t! 'it* #r 'a"ita( #& t! "r#vin' -! r su'! a'ti#n ma* ) institut d, $A""(*ing t! &#r g#ing ru( s, t! "r#" r v nu #& >a!inanQs 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r -ritt n d &amati#n against t! " titi#n rs is t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Isa) (a, sin' as a GSIS )ran'! manag r, ! -as a "u)(i' #&&i'ia( stati#n d at Caua*an, Isa) (a and t! a(( g d (i) ( -as '#mmitt d -! n ! -as <as ! sti((= in t! "u)(i' s rvi' , %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! '#m"(aint s!#u(d !av ) n '#ndu't d )* t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #& Isa) (a, #r )* t! muni'i"a( /udg #& I(agan, t! "r#vin'ia( 'a"ita(, #r )* t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t! sam "r#vin' , $%! 'rimina( a'ti#n '#u(d !av ) n &i( d a(s# in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& t! "r#vin' #r in t! 'it* '#urt #& t! 'it* -! r t! (i) ( -as "rint d and &irst "u)(is! d, $%! in&#rmati#n in t!is 'as is d & 'tiv #r d &i'i nt ) 'aus it d# s n#t s!#- t!at t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Nu va @i8'a*a, -! r it -as &i( d, !as /urisdi'ti#n t# nt rtain t! 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r -ritt n d &amati#n

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

initiat d )* >a!inan against t! " titi#n rs and t!at t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #& t!at "r#vin' !ad t! aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $@ nu in 'rimina( 'as s is an ss ntia( ( m nt #& /urisdi'ti#n Dispositive P titi#n grant d, %! tria( '#urtQs #rd r d n*ing " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n t# 3uas! is s t asid , It is dir 't d t# dismiss Crimina( Cas N#, 502, t! (i) ( 'as against t! " titi#n rs, -it!#ut "r /udi' t# t! &i(ing #& an#t! r 'rimina( a'ti#n &#r -ritt n d &amati#n in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Isa) (a

CATINGUB v CA :PCSO< 121 SCRA 106, GK7RR7R1; >ar'! 25, 1283,

NATURE %!is is an a"" a( )* ' rti#rari &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s in CA$G,R, N#, 38628$R ntit( d RP7;RI%1 ?, CA%INGKB, P titi#n r, v rsus 41N, RICAR;1 C, PKN1, +udg #& t! CFI >ani(a, Bran'! 24, and t! P4I?IPPIN7 C4ARI%6 S577PS%AS7S 1FFIC7, R s"#nd nts,R FACTS $ Catingu) -as d signat d % m"#rar* Sa( s Su" rvis#r #& t! P!i(i""in C!arit* S- "sta. s 1&&i' <PCS1= assign d at t! Caga*an d 1r# Bran'!, As su'!, ! r ' iv d s- "sta. s ti'. ts #n '#nsignm nt, -it! t! :"r ss #)(igati#n t# turn #v r t! "r#' ds #& t! sa( s #& t! s ti'. ts t# t! P!i(i""in C!arit* S- "sta. s 1&&i' , ?at r, ! -as in&#rm d )* t! Auditing 7:amin r #& t! PCS1, Caga*an d 1r# Bran'! t!at ! !as ) n &#und s!#rt #& P12,309,45, P titi#n r -as #rd r d t# :"(ain t! s!#rtag in -riting and t# "r#du' t! missing am#unt, 4 &ai( d t# d# s#, 4is s rvi' s - r t rminat d -it!#ut "r /udi' t# -!at v r '#urt a'ti#n t! PCS1 -i(( ta. &#r t! r '#v r* #& t! am#unt inv#(v d, In a ( tt r, " titi#n r "r#"#s d t# t! G n ra( >anag r #& t! PCS1, >ani(a, t# s tt( !is s!#rtag s )* ma.ing m#nt!(* "a*m nts in t! am#unt #& at ( ast P200,00, -!i'! "r#"#sa( -as, !#- v r, d ni d )* t! G n ra( >anag r <t! r -as a(r ad* an admissi#n in t!is ( tt r=, $Catingu), -as '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& ma(v rsati#n <ta. n#t C 'rim s #& sta&a and ma(v rsati#n ar simi(ar in natur C di&& r n' is t!at t! &unds in ma(v rsati#n ar "u)(i' in '!ara't r= in t! C$u*' $& F+*-' I0-',0.% $& M,0+l,, 4 &i( d m#ti#n t# dismiss a&t r arraignm nt #n t! s#( gr#und t!at K'(% )*$-%.u'+$0 /,2% , ?*$09 .($+.% $& 8u*+-2+.'+$0#K 4 '#nt nd d t!at R#n t! )asis #& t! "r#s 'uti#nQs vid n' , t! #&& ns '!arg d, t#g t! r -it! a(( its ss ntia( ingr di nts #''urr d and t! '#nsummati#n t! r #& <-as= '#m"( t d, in C,9,y,0 2% O*$, $%C and CA dismiss d m#ti#n ! n' t!is " titi#n ) &#r t! SC ISSUE 51N CFI #& >ani(a !as /urisdi'ti#n t# '#ntinu -it! t! tria( #& t! #&& ns as '!arg d in vi - #& t! vid n' "r s nt d )* t! "r#d 'uti#n HELD 67S# - Ru( 110 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, S ', 14<a= "r#vid sC RS ', 14, P(a' -! r a'ti#n is t# ) institut d, \ <a= In a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns, t! a'ti#n s!a(( ) institut d and tri d in t! '#urt #& t!

Criminal Procedure
muni'i"a(it* #r "r#vin' -! r in t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d #r an* #n #& t! ss ntia( ingr di nts t! r #& t##. "(a' ,B $P%'+'+$0%* .$ul2 (,v% @%%0 .(,*9%2 ,02 '*+%2 +0 C,9,y,0 2% O*$ C+'y &$* +' +- 0$' 2+-)u'%2 '(,' (% *%.%+v%2 '(% -?%%)-',J%- '+.J%'&*$/ '(% PCSO, C,9,y,0 2% O*$ @*,0.(# T(% %--%0'+,l +09*%2+%0' $& *%.%+v+09 '(% -?%%)-',J%- '+.J%'- '$$J )l,.% +0 C,9,y,0 2% O*$ C+'y# H% .$ul2 ,l-$ @% .(,*9%2 +0 '(% C+'y $& M,0+l, -+0.% '(% &+0,l ,..$u0'+09 /u-' @% *%02%*%2 +0 '(% C%0'*,l O&&+.%, M,0+l,# T(+- +'(%*%&$*%, , .,-% $& .$0.u**%0' 8u*+-2+.'+$0 @y '(% )*$)%* .$u*' $& '(% )l,.% ?(%*%+0 K,0y$0% $& '(% %--%0'+,l +09*%2+%0'- '(%*%$& '$$J )l,.%#K Bu' '(% .($+.% $& v%0u% l+%- ?+'( '(% )*$-%.u'+09 $&&+.%* ,02 0$' ?+'( '(% ,..u-%2# Dispositive ; 'isi#n #& CA A&&irm d, R mand t# t! tria( '#urt &#r &urt! r "r#' dings in t! #rdinar* '#urs #& (a-

a2010 page 41
s#m in an#t! r, t! C#urt #& it! r "r#vin' !as /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! 'as , it ) ing und rst##d t!at t! &irst C#urt ta.ing '#gni8an' #& t! Cas -i(( :'(ud t! #t! rs, #!TA1A under par Dd $ 7( m ntsC <1= D%.%+' t##. "(a' in P,/),09,, -! r it -as utt r d and d (iv r d, %! ru( is t!at t! issuan' as - (( as t! d (iv r* #& t! '! '. must ) t# a " rs#n -!# ta. s it as a !#(d r, -!i'! m ans t! "a* #r ind#rs #& a )i(( #r n#t , -!# is in "#ss ssi#n #& it, #r t! ) ar r, t! r #&, -!# in t!is 'as is t! Finan'ia( 1&&i' r #& S>C <2= D,/,9% t##. "(a' in Bul,.,0, -! r t! '! '. -as dis!#n#r d )* t! dra- )an., $ %! r &#r , /urisdi'ti#n ma* ) nt rtain d )* it! r t! Bu(a'an #r t! Pam"anga '#urt, BP DD violation $ In r s" 't #& t! B#un'ing C! '.s Cas , t! #&& ns a(s# a"" ars t# ) '#ntinuing in natur , It is tru t!at t! #&& ns is '#mmitt d )* t! v r* &a't #& its " r&#rman' ; and t!at t! B#un'ing C! '.s ?a- " na(i8 s n#t #n(* t! &a't #& dis!#n#r #& a '! '. )ut a(s# t! a't #& ma.ing #r dra-ing and issuan' #& a )#un'ing '! '., %! 'as , t! r &#r , '#u(d !av ) n &i( d a(s# in Bu(a'an, %! d t rminativ &a't#r <in d t rmining v nu = is t! "(a' #& t! issuan' #& t! '! '., 4#- v r, it is (i. -is tru t!at .n#-( dg #n t! "art #& t! ma. r #r dra- r #& t! '! '. #& t! insu&&i'i n'* #& !is &unds, -!i'! is an ss ntia( ingr di nt #& t! #&& ns is )* its (& a '#ntinuing v ntua(it*, -! t! r t! a''us d ) -it!in #n t rrit#r* #r an#t! r, A''#rding(*, /urisdi'ti#n t# ta. '#gni8an' #& t! #&& ns a(s# (i s in t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Pam"anga, $ +urisdi'ti#n #r v nu is d t rmin d )* t! a(( gati#ns in t! In&#rmati#n, -!i'! ar '#ntr#((ing, %! In&#rmati#n &i( d ! r in s" 'i&i'a((* a(( g s t!at t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d in San F rnand#, Pam"anga, and, t! r &#r , -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! C#urt ) (#-, 2, N1 %! 'as -as dismiss d n#t #n m rits )ut #n t! rr#n #us '#n'(usi#n #& t! /udg t!at !is '#urt !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as , %! dismissa( ) ing nu(( and v#id, t! "r#' dings ) &#r t! R%C 'an0t ) said t# !av ) n (a-&u((* t rminat d, %! r &#r , t! r is n# s '#nd "r#' ding t# "(a' t! a''us d in d#u)( / #"ard*, Dispositive P titi#n grant d, +udg is #rd r d t# r assum /urisdi'ti#n #v r Crimina( Cas s N#s, 2800 and 2813 #& !is C#urt and t# r nd r /udgm nt #& it! r '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta( in a''#rdan' -it! t! vid n' a(r ad* addu' d during t! /#int tria( #& said t-# 'as s,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

#r #&&i'ia( d#'um nt, %! tria( '#urt ad/udg d " titi#n r Ba(a in Crimina( Cas N#, 24443, gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& a "u)(i' d#'um nt, %! " titi#n r s as#na)(* a"" a( d, )ut t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, #n A"ri( 2, 1280, a&&irm d in toto t! (#- r '#urtQs d 'isi#n, A&t r t! 'as !ad ) n r mand d t# t! '#urt #& #rigin &#r : 'uti#n #& /udgm nt, t! " titi#n r a""(i d &#r and -as grant d "r#)ati#n )* t! r s"#nd nt /udg in !is #rd r dat d August 11, 1282, %! " titi#n r -as t! n "(a' d und r "r#)ati#n &#r a " ri#d #& #n <1= * ar, su)/ 't t# t! t rms and '#nditi#ns num rat d t! r in, $ %! "r#)ati#n r <" titi#n r= as. d !is su" rvising "r#)ati#n #&&i' r &#r " rmissi#n t# trans& r !is r sid n' &r#m BF 4#m s t# P!i($Am ?i& Su)divisi#n in ?as Pi_as s" 'i&i'a((* 33 +ing'# Str t, %! "r#)ati#n #&&i' r v r)a((* grant d t! "r#)ati#n rQs r 3u st as ! &#und n#t!ing #)/ 'ti#na)( t# it, $ B* t! t rms #& t! " titi#n rQs "r#)ati#n, it s!#u(d !av :"ir d #n August 10, 1283, #n * ar a&t r t! #rd r granting t! sam -as issu d, But, t! #rd r #& &ina( dis'!arg '#u(d n#t ) issu d ) 'aus t! r s"#nd nt "r#)ati#n #&&i' r !ad n#t * t su)mitt d !is &ina( r "#rt #n t! '#ndu't #& !is '!arg , Su)s 3u nt(*, t! r s"#nd nt P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, t!r#ug! Assistant Cit* Fis'a( +#s ;, Ca/u'#m #& >ani(a, &i( d a m#ti#n t# r v#. t! "r#)ati#n #& t! " titi#n r ) &#r Bran'! JJ #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <R%C= #& >ani(a, "r sid d #v r )* t! r s"#nd nt /udg , %! m#ti#n a(( g d t!at t! " titi#n r !ad vi#(at d t! t rms and '#nditi#ns #& !is "r#)ati#n, $ 1n +anuar* 4, 1284, t! " titi#n r &i( d !is #""#siti#n t# t! m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at ! -as n# (#ng r und r "r#)ati#n, !is "r#)ati#n " ri#d !aving t rminat d #n August 10, 1283, as "r vi#us(* adv rt d t#, As su'!, n# va(id r as#n :ist d t# r v#. t! sam , ! '#nt nd d, As i& t# '#n&irm t! >ani(a Assistant Cit* Fis'a(Qs m#ti#n t# r v#. t! " titi#n rQs "r#)ati#n, t! r s"#nd nt "r#)ati#n #&&i' r &i( d #n +anuar* 6, 1284, a m#ti#n t# t rminat >anu ( Ba(aQs "r#)ati#n, at t! sam tim atta'!ing !is "r#gr ss r "#rt #n su" rvisi#n dat d +anuar* 5, 1284, %! sam m#ti#n, !#- v r, ) 'am t! su)/ 't #& a R>ani& stati#n,R dat d +anuar* 10, 1284, -!i'! stat d t!at t! "r#)ati#n #&&i' r -as n#t "ursuing t! m#ti#n t# t rminat dat d +anuar* 6, 1284; inst ad, ! -as su)mitting a su""( m nta( r "#rt -!i'! r '#mm nd d t! r v#'ati#n #& "r#)ati#n Rin t! (ig!t #& n - &a'ts, in&#rmati#n, and vid n' s,R $ %! r a&t r, t! " titi#n r &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss andM#r stri. #ut t! m#ti#n t# r v#. "r#)ati#n, 3u sti#ning t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urt #v r !is 'as inasmu'! as !is "r#)ati#n " ri#d !ad a(r ad* :"ir d, >#r #v r, !is '!ang #& r sid n' aut#mati'a((* trans& rr d t! v nu #& t! 'as &r#m t! R%C #& >ani(a t# t! 7: 'utiv , +udg , #& t! R%C #& >a.ati -!i'! (att r '#urt in'(ud und r its /urisdi'ti#n t! >uni'i"a(it* #& ?as Pi_as t! "r#)ati#n rQs "(a' #& r sid n' , inv#.ing S 'ti#n 13, P,;, N#, 268, -!i'! "r#vid s S ', 13, Control and !upervision of Probationer, ,,, 5! n v r a "r#)ati#n r is " rmitt d t# r sid in a "(a' und r t! /urisdi'ti#n #& an#t! r '#urt, '#ntr#( #v r !im s!a(( ) trans& rr d t# t! 7: 'utiv +udg #& t! , C#urt #& First Instan' #& t!at "(a' , and in su'! a 'as a '#"* #& t! "r#)ati#n #rd r t! inv stigati#n r "#rt and #t! r " rtin nt r '#rds s!a(( ) &urnis! d t# said 7: 'utiv +udg , %! r a&t r, t! 7: 'utiv +udg t# -!#m /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! "r#)ati#n r is trans& rr d s!a(( !av t! "#- r -it! r s" 't t# !im t!at -as "r vi#us(* "#ss ss d )* t! '#urt -!i'! grant d t! "r#)ati#n,

PEOPLE v GROSPE 159 SCRA 154, >7?7NCI1$47RR7RA ; +anuar* 20, 1288

FACTS $ >anu ( Paru(an is a -!#( sa( d a( r #& San >igu ( C#r" <S>C=, 4 issu d t-# '! '.s in &av#r #& S>C <P86,091,20 and P11,218,80= t!at - r dis!#n#r d &#r insu&&i'i n'* #& &unds, $ %! '! '.s - r r ' iv d at t! S>C Bu(a'an )ran'!, t! n &#r-ard d t# t! S>C R gi#na( 1&&i' in San F rnand#, Pam"anga, $ S>C Finan' 1&&i' r d "#sit d t! '! '. in BPI San F rnand#, Pam"anga )ran'!, $ <Paru(an0s )an. is P(ant rs ; v (#"m nt Ban. in Bu(a'an= $ S>C &i( d &#r vi#(ati#n #& BP22 <1st '! '.= and &#r sta&a und r "ar, 2d2 <2nd '! '.= -it! t! R%C in Pam"anga, $ A&t r ! aring t! &a'ts and vid n' , +udg Gr#s" #& t! Pam"anga R%C dismiss d t! 'as ) 'aus ! said t!at t! t-# ss ntia( ( m nts, d ' it and damag , #& t! #&& ns s '!arg d #''urr d and t##. "(a' in Bu(a'an, D#C#*T t##. "(a' -! n Paru(an gav t! '! '.s t# S>C in Bu(a'an, -it! t! &a(s assuran' t!at it !ad su&&i'i nt &unds, DA(AG# #''urr d at t! m#m nt t! '! '.s issu d )* t! a''us d - r dis!#n#r d )* t! P(ant rs ; v (#"m nt Ban., t! dra- )an., at Santa >aria, Bu(a'an -!i'! r ' iv d t! m &r#m t! BPI, San F rnand#, Pam"anga )ran'! &#r '( aring "ur"#s , ISSUES 1, 51N an* #& t! ss ntia( ( m nts #& t! #&& ns s '!arg d #''urr d #r t##. "(a' -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& R%C Pam"anga, 2, 51N t!is " titi#n &#r C rti#rari "(a' s a''us d in d#u)( / #"ard*, HELD 1, 67S $ A " rs#n '!arg d -it! a transit#r* 'rim ma* ) va(id(* tri d in an* muni'i"a(it* #r "r#vin' -! r t! #&& ns -as in "art '#mmitt d, In transit#r* #r '#ntinuing #&& ns s in -!i'! s#m a'ts mat ria( and ss ntia( t# t! 'rim and r 3uisit t# its '#nsummati#n #''ur in #n "r#vin' and
2

BALA v MARTINEZ 181 SCRA 452 >AR%IN7L; +anuar* 20, 1222

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n t# r vi t! #rd r #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a FACTS $ %! " titi#n r !ad ) n indi't d &#r r m#ving and su)stituting t! "i'tur #& ;ia8 n -!i'! !ad ) n atta'! d t# ! r Knit d Stat s #& Am ri'a "ass"#rt, -it! t!at #& N#tart , in && 't &a(si&*ing a g nuin "u)(i'

Art, 315, "ar, 2<d= stat sC QB* "#stdating a '! '., #r issuing a '! '. in "a*m nt #& an #)(igati#n -! n t! #&& nd r !ad n# &unds in t! )an., #r !is &unds d "#sit d t! r in - r n#t su&&i'i nt t# '#v r t! am#unt #& t! '! '.

Criminal Procedure
$ %! r s"#nd nt /udg d ni d t! m#ti#n t# dismiss &#r (a'. #& m rit, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n, ISSUE 51N !is trans& r #& r sid n' aut#mati'a((* trans& rr d /urisdi'ti#n #v r !is "r#)ati#n &r#m t! >ani(a R gi#na( %ria( C#urt t# t! sam '#urt in !is n - addr ss, HELD N1 $ In 'rimina( 'as s, v nu is an ( m nt #& /urisdi'ti#n, Su'! ) ing t! 'as , t! >ani(a R%C -#u(d n#t ) d "riv d #& its /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! "r#)ati#n 'as , %# u"!#(d t! " titi#n rQs '#nt nti#n -#u(d m an a d "r 'iati#n #& t! >ani(a '#urtQs "#- r t# grant "r#)ati#n in t! &irst "(a' , It is t# ) r m m) r d t!at -! n t! " titi#n r$a''us d a""(i d &#r "r#)ati#n in t! t! n CFI #& >ani(a, ! -as a r sid nt #& ?as Pi_as as ! is u" t# n#-, a(t!#ug! in a di&& r nt su)divisi#n, As "#int d #ut ar(i r, ! m r (* m#v d &r#m BF 4#m s t# P!i(am ?i& Su)divisi#n 33 +ing'# Str t, a(s# in ?as Pi_as, 1n t! #t! r !and, "ursuing t! " titi#n rQs argum nt #n t!is s'#r t# t! (imits #& it (#gi' -#u(d m an t!at !is "r#)ati#n -as nu(( and v#id in t! "(a' , ) 'aus t! n t! >ani(a CFI -as -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n t# grant !im "r#)ati#n as ! -as a r sid nt #& ?as Pi_as, It is t! r &#r in'#rr 't t# assum t!at t! " titi#n rQs '!ang #& a)#d '#m" (s '!ang #& v nu , and n ' ssari(*, '#ntr#( #v r t! " titi#n r, t# t! 7: 'utiv +udg #& t! R%C #& !is n - r sid n' , %!us, in t! a""#rti#nm nt #& t! r gi#na( tria( '#urts und r Batas Pam)ansa B(g, 122, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! +udi'iar* R #rgani8ati#n A't #& 1280, ?as Pi_as is #n am#ng t! muni'i"a(iti s in'(ud d in t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( +udi'ia( R gi#n <> tr# >ani(a= -it! a s at at >a.ati, 18 N d( ss t# sa*, t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt in >a.ati, (i. t! >ani(a R gi#na( %ria( C#urt, &#rms "art #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( R gi#n, 12 A''#rding(*, t! vari#us )ran'! s #& t! r gi#na( tria( '#urts #& >a.ati #r >ani(a und r t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( R gi#n, ar '##rdinat and '#$ 3ua( '#urts, t! t#ta(it* #& -!i'! is #n(* #n R gi#na( %ria( C#urt, +urisdi'ti#n is v st d in t! '#urt, n#t in t! /udg s, In #t! r -#rds, t! 'as d# s n#t atta'! t# t! )ran'! #r /udg , %! r &#r , in t!is 'as , R%C Bran'! JJ #& >ani(a, -!i'! grant d t! "r#)ati#n, !as n#t (#st '#ntr#( and su" rvisi#n #v r t! "r#)ati#n #& t! " titi#n r, Dispositive P titi#n dismiss d

a2010 page 42
$ S "t m) r 23 and 1't#) r 1, 1280C t! PC "r#vin'ia( '#mmand r &i( d 9 s "arat '#m"(aints &#r murd r against t! a''us d Pa)(# S#(a, Fran'is'# Gar'ia, Ri'ard# Gar'ia, +#s B t!#v n Ca)ra(, F(#r nd# Ba(is'a# and 14 #t! r " rs#ns #& un.n#-n nam s, $ A&t r du "r (iminar* :aminati#n #& t! '#m"(ainantQs -itn ss s and !is #t! r vid n' , t! muni'i"a( '#urt &#und "r#)a)( 'aus against t! a''us d, It t!us issu d an #rd r &#r t! ir arr st, $ 5it!#ut giving t! "r#s 'uti#n t! #""#rtunit* t# "r#v t!at t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, t! '#urt grant d t! m t! rig!t t# "#st )ai( &#r t! ir t m"#rar* r ( as , S#(a, Gar'ia and Ca)ra( "#st d )ai( and !av sin' ) n r ( as d, $%! -itn ss s in&#rm d t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! ir & ars t!at i& t! tria( is ! (d at t! CFI 4imama*(an -!i'! is )ut 10 .i(#m t rs &r#m Sa)an.a(an, t! ir sa& t* '#u(d ) / #"ardi8 d, At ( ast t-# #& t! a''us d ar #&&i'ia(s -it! "#- r and in&(u n' in Sa)an.a(an and t! * !av ) n r ( as d #n )ai(, In additi#n, m#st #& t! a''us d r main d at (arg , Ind d, t! r !av ) n r "#rts mad t# "#(i' aut!#riti s #& t!r ats mad #n t! &ami(i s #& t! -itn ss s, $ F )ruar* 11, 1281C " titi#n &#r 'an' ((ati#n #& )ai( )#nds and '!ang #& v nu -as &i( d, $ F )ruar* 12, 1281C t! C#urt r 3uir d t! '#mm nt #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( as - (( as #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, $ >ar'! 4, 1281, t! C#mm nt -as su)mitt d )* S#(i'it#r G n ra( > nd#8a, It #" n d -it! t!is "r (iminar* stat m ntC R%! "r s nt " titi#n -as &i( d )* t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 1900$1906, P #"( v, Pa)(# S#(a, t a(,, " nding tria( ) &#r t! CFI #& N gr#s 1''id nta(, Rig!t(*, an* " titi#n ) &#r t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt #n ) !a(& #& t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s 'an, und r t! (a-, ) institut d #n(* )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, %! ass rti#n #& t! " titi#n r "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs t!at t! * ar instituting t! a'ti#n Qsu)/ 't t# t! '#ntr#( and su" rvisi#n #& t! Fis'a(Q -i(( n#t, t! r &#r , im"r#v t! ir ( ga( standing,R N#n t! ( ss, it ad#"t d t! t-#$"r#ng d trusts #& t! " titi#nC 1, t! s tting asid , )* ' rti#rari, #& t! #rd r #& t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Sa)an.a(an, "r sid d #v r )* +udg Gasata*a, granting )ai( t# t! a''us d in t! 'rimina( 'as s m nti#n d a)#v , and 2, t! " titi#n &#r a '!ang #& v nu #r "(a' #& tria( #& t! sam 'rimina( 'as s t# av#id a mis'arriag #& /usti' , $ >ar'! 15, 1281C %! C#urt R s#(v d t#C <a= DN#t E t! '#mm nt #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( #n t! urg nt " titi#n &#r '!ang #& v nu and 'an' ((ati#n #& )ai( )#nds, ad#"ting t! "( a #& t! " titi#n, nam (*, <1= t! s tting asid , )* ' rti#rari, #& t! #rd r #& t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Sa)an.a(an, "r sid d #v r )* +udg Ra&a ( Gasata*a, granting )ai( t# t! a''us d in t! 9 Crimina( Cas s, and <2= t! " titi#n &#r a '!ang #& v nu #r "(a' #& tria( #& t! sam 'rimina( 'as s t# av#id a mis'arriag #& +usti' ; <)= D%rans& rE t! v nu #& t! a&#r said 'rimina( 'as s t# Bran'! @ #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& N gr#s 1''id nta( at Ba'#(#d Cit*, "r sid d )* 7: 'utiv +udg A(&#ns# Bagui#, '#nsid ring t!at ;istri't +udg 1st rva(d# 7mi(ia #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' , N gr#s 1''id nta(, Bran'! @I at 4imama*(an !as an a""r#v d ( av #& a)s n' '#v ring t! " ri#d &r#m +anuar* 12 t# >ar'! 12, 1281 du t# a mi(d atta'. #& ' r )ra( t!r#m)#sis and t!at t! said Bran'! @ is t! n ar st '#urt stati#n t# 4imama*(anC and <'= DA-aitE t! '#mm nt #& r s"#nd nts #n t! " titi#n t# 'an' ( )ai(, -it!#ut "r /udi' t# t! "u)(i' #&&i'ia(s '#n' rn d ta.ing t! n ' ssar* m asur s t# assur t! sa& t* #& t! -itn ss s #& t! "r#s 'uti#n,R %!us, t! issu #& a '!ang #& v nu !as ) '#m m##t and a'ad mi',

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

ISSUE 51N t! )ai( )#nds s!#u(d ) 'an' (( d HELD 67S Ratio 5! t! r t! m#ti#n &#r )ai( #& a d & ndant -!# is in 'ust#d* &#r a 'a"ita( #&& ns ) r s#(v d in a summar* "r#' ding #r in t! '#urs #& a r gu(ar tria(, t! "r#s 'uti#n must ) giv n an #""#rtunit* t# "r s nt, -it!in a r as#na)( tim , a(( t! vid n' t!at it ma* d sir t# intr#du' ) &#r t! '#urt s!#u(d r s#(v t! m#ti#n &#r )ai(, I&, as in t! 'rimina( 'as inv#(v d in t! instant s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n, t! "r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d ) d ni d su'! an #""#rtunit*, t! r -#u(d ) a vi#(ati#n #& "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, and t! #rd r #& t! '#urt granting )ai( s!#u(d ) '#nsid r d v#id #n t!at gr#und, <P #"( v San ;i g#= Reasoning $ Bai( -as grant d t# t! a''us d -it!#ut ! aring t! "r#s 'uti#n $+usti' Card#8#C R%! (a-, as - !av s n, is s du(#us in maintaining &#r a d & ndant '!arg d -it! 'rim -!at v r &#rms #& "r#' dur ar #& t! ss n' #& an #""#rtunit* t# d & nd, Privi( g s s# &undam nta( as t# ) in! r nt in v r* '#n' "t #& a &air tria( t!at '#u(d ) a'' "ta)( t# t! t!#ug!t #& r as#na)( m n -i(( ) . "t invi#(at and invi#(a)( , !#- v r 'rus!ing ma* ) t! "r ssur #& in'riminating "r##&, But /usti' , t!#ug! du t# t! a''us d, is du t# t! a''us r a(s#, %! '#n' "t #& &airn ss must n#t ) strain d ti(( it is narr#- d t# a &i(am nt, 5 ar t# . " t! )a(an' tru ,R $ It d# s n#t su&&i' t!at t! 3u sti#ns as. d )* t! muni'i"a( /udg ) &#r )ai( -as grant d '#u(d ) '!ara't ri8 d as s ar'!ing, %!at &a't did n#t 'ur an in&irmit* #& a /urisdi'ti#na( '!ara't r, O0 .(,09% $& v%0u% $ 1293 C#nstituti#nC %! Su"r m C#urt '#u(d #rd r Ra '!ang #& v nu #r "(a' #& tria( t# av#id a mis'arriag #& /usti' ,R $ P #"( v, Guti rr 8C %# '#m" ( t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#' d t# tria( in a (#'a(it* -! r its -itn ss s -i(( n#t ) at (i) rt* t# r v a( -!at t! * .n#is t# ma. a m#'. r* #& t! /udi'ia( "r#' ss, and t# ) tra* t! v r* "ur"#s &#r -!i'! '#urts !av ) n sta)(is! d,R It ma* ) add d t!at t! r ma* ) 'as s -! r t! & ar, #)/ 'tiv (* vi - d, ma*, t# s#m individua(s, ) ( ss t!an t rri&*ing, )ut t! 3u sti#n must a(-a*s ) t! && 't it !as #n t! -itn ss s -!# -i(( t sti&*, %! "rim#rdia( aim and int nt #& t! C#nstituti#n must v r ) . "t in mind, In 'as #& d#u)t, it s!#u(d ) r s#(v d in &av#r #& a '!ang #& v nu , As a matt r #& &a't, t! r n d n#t ) a " titi#n #& t!is '!ara't r &i( d ) &#r t!is C#urt, Su'! a "( a '#u(d !av ) n d#n administrativ (*, In t!is "arti'u(ar 'as , !#- v r, t! r is /usti&i'ati#n &#r t! "r#' dur &#((#- d in vi - #& t! &a't t!at a(#ng -it! t! '!ang #& v nu , t! 'an' ((ati#n #& t! )ai( )#nds -as a(s# s#ug!t, Dispositive %! assai( d #rd r #& +udg Gasata*a granting )ai( t# "rivat r s"#nd nts is nu((i&i d, s t asid , and d '(ar d t# ) -it!#ut &#r' and && 't, 7: ', +udg A(&#ns# Bagui# #& t! CFI #& N gr#s 1''id nta(, t# -!#s sa(a t! 'as s !ad ) n trans& rr d is dir 't d &#rt!-it! t# ! ar t! " titi#ns &#r )ai( #& "rivat r s"#nd nts, -it! t! "r#s 'uti#n ) ing du(* ! ard #n t! 3u sti#n #& -! t! r #r n#t t! vid n' #& gui(t against t! r s"#nd nts is str#ng, %!is d 'isi#n is imm diat (* : 'ut#r*, N# '#sts,

PEOPLE v SOLA 103 SCRA 323 F7RNAN;1; >ar'! 19, 1281

FACTS $ S "t m) r 15, 1280C a'ting #n t! vid n' "r s nt d )* t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* '#mmand r at 4inigaran, N gr#s 1''id nta(, t! CFI issu d a s ar'! -arrant &#r t! s ar'! and s i8ur #& t! d ' as d )#di s #& 9 " rs#ns ) (i v d in t! !a'i nda #& Pa)(# S#(a at Sta, Isa) (, Sa)an.a(an, N gr#s 1''id nta(, $ S "t m) r 16, 1280C ( m nts #& t! 332nd PCMINP C#m"an* "r#' d d t# t! "(a' #& S#(a, ;iggings mad in a 'an &i (d *i (d d t-# '#mm#n grav s '#ntaining t! 9 )#di s,

Criminal Procedure
PEOPLE v FELICIANO GOROSPE ,02 RUFINO BULANADI 122 SCRA 233 ABA; SAN%1S; >a* 15, 1284
FACTS $ In a v ri&i d C#m"(aint &i( d #n 1't#) r 8, 1294 -it! t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Pu(i(an, Bu(a'an, Anasta'ia d + sus <14 *rs #(d= a''us d G rard# Fa/ard#, Ru&in# Bu(anadi and F (i'ian# G#r#s" #& t! 'rim #& F$*.+@l% A@2u.'+$0 ?+'( R,)%, $ %! 'rim -as said t# !av ) n '#mmitt d #n S "t m) r 30, 1294, starting in P(arid (, Bu(a'an, t!ru Pu(i(an, and t! n' t# %a(av ra, Nu va 7'i/a <in a !ut -! r s! -as d tain d &#r 2 da*s and s :ua((* a)us d during t! nig!t, S! -as mad t# (#s ! r '#ns'i#usn ss &irst )* -aiving a !an. r'!i & #n ! r &a' ) &#r t! * a)du't d ! r and v ntua((* ta.ing ! r t# said "(a' ,= $ >uni'i"a( +udg A(&r d# @, Granad#s #& t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Pu(i(an r ' iv d t! '#m"(aint and '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, &irst stag , $ 1't#) r 25, 1294C t! C#m"(aint -as am nd d, $ Ru&in# Bu(anadi and F (i'ian# G#r#s" - r again nam d )ut G rard# Fa/ard# -as dr#"" d and 1s'ar A(varan -as nam d inst ad, $%! dat -! n t! 'rim -as said t# !av ) n '#mmitt d -as '!ang d &r#m S "t m) r 30, 1294 t# S "t m) r 25, 1294, $ Again +udg Granad#s '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and #n N#v m) r 18, 1294, ! issu d an #rd r &#r t! arr st #& Bu(anadi, G#r#s" and A(varan and &i: d t! ir )ai( at P15,000,00 a'!, $Bu(anadi and G#r#s" "#st d t! r 3uisit )ai(, A(varan r main d at (arg , $%! s '#nd stag #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -as s t #n F )ruar* 5, 1295, )ut #n t!at da*, n it! r Bu(anadi #r G#r#s" a"" ar d &#r -!i'! r as#n, +udg Granad#s d '(ar d t!at t! * !ad -aiv d t! ir rig!t t! r t# and ( vat d t! 'as t# t! CFI #& Bu(a'an, $ >ar'! 12, 1295C Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( Pas'ua( C, S(iat'!.# &i( d -it! t! CFI #& Bu(a'an an In&#rmati#n &#r &#r'i)( A)du'ti#n -it! Ra" against G#r#s" and Bu(anadi, But said in&#rmati#n -as (at r #n am nd d, $+udg N ((* ?, R#m r# @a(d ((#n start d t! tria( #& t! 'as #n 1't#) r 15, 1295, $%! a''us d and t! ir '#uns ( de parte !ad (#ng ) n n#ti&i d t!at t! 'as -as t# ) tri d #n t!at da* )ut t! * did n#t a"" ar s# t! &#rm r - r tri d in absentia. )A&t r ! aring "art #& t! t stim#n* #& Anasta'ia d + sus, t! '#m"(ainant, +udg @a(d ((#n -as trans& rr d t# > tr# >ani(a and s! -as r "(a' d )* +udg Fid ( P, Purisima -!# &inis! d t! tria(, $But +udg Purisima in!i)it d !ims (& &r#m d 'iding t! 'as ) 'aus +, Granad#s is !is &irst '#usin )* a&&init* <t# ma. sur t!at t! d 'isi#n t# ) r nd r d in t!is 'as s!a(( ) a)#v sus"i'i#n= $S# it -as +udg + sus R, d @ ga -!# d 'id d t! 'as NCFIC &#und G#r#s" and Bu(anadi gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& Ra" '#mmitt d against Anasta'ia d + sus as '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n; s nt n' d a'! #& t! a''us d t# su&& r 2 " r" tua( " na(ti s #& r '(usi#n " r" tua t# ) s rv d in a''#rdan' -it! Art, 90 #& t! RPC, -it! a(( t! a'' ss#r* " na(t* #& t! (a-; t# ind mni&* d + sus in t!

a2010 page 43
am#unt #& P40,000,00 &#r a'tua( : m"(ar* and m#ra( damag s, and t# "a* t! '#sts, ISSUES 1, 51N t! r -as rr#r in &i(ing t! '#m"(aint sin' it -as n#t &i( d in P(arid (, Bu(a'an #r %a(av ra, Nu va 7'i/a )ut in Pu(i(an, Bu(a'an <and i& * s, t! n 51N an rr#r -as )* t! CFI #& Bu(a'an in ! aring t! said 'as and n#t )* t! CFI #& Nu va 7'i/a= 2, 51N +udg @ ga !ad aut!#rit* t# ! ar t! 'as <VVVt! r ar #t! r issu s )ut n# (#ng r r (at d t# t! t#"i' Av nu B s# I didn0t in'(ud t! m an*m#r Y #'= HELD 1, N1 $ %! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& Pu(i(an !ad /urisdi'ti#n ) 'aus t! a)du't#rs and t! ir 'a"tiv "ass d Pu(i(an #n t! ir -a* &r#m P(arid ( t# %a(av ra, And t! CFI #& Bu(a'an Das - (( as t! CFI #& Nu va 7'i/aE !ad /urisdi'ti#n ) 'aus ss ntia( ( m nts #& t! #&& ns t##. "(a' in Bu(a'an Dand a(s# in Nu va 7'i/aE, Reasoning A)du'ti#n is a " rsist nt and '#ntinuing #&& ns , <K,S, vs, B rna) , 23 P!i(, 154 D1212E=, $ 4 n' it ma* ) Rtri d in t! '#urt #& t! muni'i"a(it* #r "r#vin' -! r in t! #&& ns -as '#mmitt d #r an* #n #& t! ss ntia( ingr di nts t! r #& t##. "(a' ,R <Ru( s #& C#urt, Ru( 110, S ', 14DaE=, 2, 67S, $ +udg d @ ga !ad t! "#- r t# d 'id t! 'as , Reasoning R5! r a '#urt #& &irst instan' is divid d int# s v ra( )ran'! s, a'! #& t! )ran'! s is n#t a '#urt distin't and s "arat &r#m t! #t! rs, +urisdi'ti#n is v st d in t! '#urt, n#t in t! /udg s, s# t!at -! n a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d ) &#r #n )ran'! #r /udg , /urisdi'ti#n d# s n#t atta'! t# said )ran'! #r /udg a(#n , t# t! :'(usi#n #& t! #t! rs, %ria( ma* ) !ad #r "r#' dings ma* '#ntinu )* and ) &#r an#t! r )ran'! #r /udg ,R D?um"a*, t a(, vs, >#s'#s#, 105 P!i(, 268 <1252=E, Dispositive %! /udgm nt #& t! C#urt a $uo is ! r )* a&&irm d in a(( r s" 'ts,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

Ru( 108, Fis'a( #""#s d, $ P titi#n r0s '#uns ( as. d t!at -arrant #& arr st ) 'an' (( d and t! '#urt '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, +udg d ni d m#ti#ns and t! >FRs, 4 n' t! instant ' rti#rari and mandamus " titi#n, ISSUE 51N in "r (im inv stigati#n )* &is'a(, a''us d is ntit( d t# ) in&#rm d #& su)stan' #& t stim#n* and vid n' against !im HELD N1 $ Pr (im inv stigati#n )* &is'a( is n#t -it!in "urvi - #& S 'ti#ns 13 and 11 #& Ru( 108, S ' 13 d a(s -it! transmissi#n #& r '#rds r 3uir m nts and S ' 11 d a(s -it! "r (im inv stigati#n )* /usti' s #& " a' and /udg s &#r "ur"#s #& issuan' #& -arrant, $ S ' 2, A't N# 612C In 'as s tria)( #n(* in CFI, d & ndant s!a(( !av s" d* tria(, )ut s!a(( n#t ) ntit( d as #& rig!t t# a "r (im inv stigati#n -! r "r#s 'uting att#rn *, a&t r inv stigati#n, s!a(( !av "r s nt d an in&#rmati#n against !im, $ %47 RIG4% %1 A PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N IS S%A%K%1R6, N1% C1NS%I%K%I1NA?, Its "ur"#s is t# s 'ur t! inn#' nt against !ast* "r#s 'uti#ns and "r#t 't !im &r#m "u)(i' a''usati#n, and a(s# t# "r#t 't t! Stat &r#m us ( ss "r#s 'uti#ns, $ %!is inv stigati#n is 'a(( d "r (iminar*, t# ) &#((#- d )* tria( "r#" r, Inv stigating /udg #r "r#s 'uting #&&i' r a'ts u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus and r as#na)( ) (i &, n#t u"#n "r##& ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, $ In t!is 'as , t# as. &#r a)stra't #& t stim#n* at t!at stag &#r n# #t! r "ur"#s t!an t# s'rutini8 t! sam is, in && 't, t# as. &#r an#t! r "r (im inv stigati#n,

TANDOC v RESULTAN 195 SCRA 39 PA;I??A; +u(* 5, 1282

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari t# annu( #rd rs #& t! Cit* C#urt #& San Car(#s FACTS $ 1't#) r 12, 1280C R s"#nd nts nt r d t! st#r and dining r##m #& t! Pa'ita %and#' -it!#ut ! r " rmissi#n, %! r -as an a(t r'ati#n ) t- n %and#' and r s"#nd nt, Arn#(d Pa*#"a*, r garding t! st#ning #& t! st#r and !#us , Pa*#"a* "i'. d u" st#n s and stru'. %and#' )ut inst ad ! r ! (" r, B#ni&a'i# > n#r, -as !it and su&& r d "!*si'a( in/uri s -!i'! a''#rding t# t! m di'#$( ga( ' rti&i'at -i(( ! a( in m#r t!an 30 da*s, B da A'#sta, -!# -as ) !ind Arn#(d Pa*#"a*, "i'. d u" t! st#n and stru'. %and#' )ut ! r ! (" r, Fr d d (a @ ga, -as !it inst ad and su&& r d in/uri s -!i'! in/ur* -i(( ! a( in ( ss t!an 2 da*s, $ 12 1't#) r 1280C a 'rimina( '#m"(aint -as (#dg d -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a( -it! t! '!arg s #& !erious Ph'sical *njuries, &i( d )* B#ni&a'i# > n#r against Arnu(&# <Arn#(d= Pa*#"a*; !light Ph'sical *njuries, &i( d )* Fr d d (a @ ga against B da A'#sta, and Trespass to Dwelling, &i( d )* Pa'ita %and#' against Arnu(&# Pa*#"a*, B da A'#sta, >anu ( Can'in#, Nad#ng F rnand 8 and Artur# S*(#ria,

HASHIM v CITY FISCAL OF MANILA 91 P!i( 216 ?AKR7?; +anuar* 13, 1241
NATURE C rti#rari and mandamus FACTS $ 4as!im -as 'aug!t in "#ss ssi#n #& '#unt r& it tr asur* ' rti&i'at s, )ut -as r ( as d u"#n &i(ing #& )#nd, C#m"(aint -as &i( d -it! 1&&i' #& Cit* Fis'a( and a&t r inv stigati#n #& &is'a(, in&#rmati#n -as (#dg d, Cas -as d#'. t d and +udg issu d arr st -arrant, P titi#n r0s '#uns ( &i( d m#ti#n as.ing &is'a( t# &urnis! '( r. #& '#urt -M t stim#n* #& -itn ss s -!# t sti&i d at "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, Fis'a( #""#s d, $ C#uns ( &#r " titi#n r "ut in m#ti#n t!at s!#u(d !is &irst m#ti#n ) a't d u"#n adv rs (*, t!at C#urt its (& '#ndu't t! inv stigati#n und r S ' 4 #&

Criminal Procedure
$ 2 ; ' m) r 1280C Arnu(&# Pa*#"a* and !is &at! r C#nrad# Pa*#"a*, Sr,, t#g t! r -it! >anu ( Can'in#, a(s# &i( d a '#m"(aint -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a(, against P dr# %and#', Pa'ita %and#', Rud* ;ia8, Fr d > n#r, R#g (i# 7r' ((a, +uan R#sari# and Fr d d (a @ ga, -it! t! '!arg s #& Trespass to Dwelling& !erious Aral Defamation& Grave Threats and Ph'sical *njuries $ 10 ; ' m) r 1280C t! inv stigating &is'a( &#und r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at r s"#nd nts Arnu(&# Pa*#"a*, B da A'#sta, >anu ( Can'in#, Nad#ng F rnand 8 and Artur# S*(#ria '#mmitt d t! 'rim s '!arg d, In&#rmati#ns - r &i( d -it! t! Cit* C#urt, $ 5it! r s" 't t# t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint &i( d )* Arnu(&# Pa*#"a* and >anu ( Can'in# against " titi#n rs &#r !erious Aral Defamation, Grave Threats and Ph'sical *njuries, t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a( r '#mm nd d t! dr#""ing #& said '!arg s ) 'aus t! * R- r &#und t# ) in t! natur #& a '#unt r '!arg , t! sam !aving ) n &i( d a&t r m#r t!an 1 m#nt! &r#m t! dat #& t! a(( g d in'id nt,R 4#- v r, as t# t! '!arg #& Trespass to Dwelling &i( d )* C#nrad# Pa*#"a*, Sr, against P dr# %and#', a "rima &a'i 'as -as &#und )* t! inv stigating &is'a(, %!us, an in&#rmati#n -as &i( d -it! t! Cit* C#urt . $ 28 +u(* 1281C Arnu(&# Pa*#"a*, C#nrad# Pa*#"a*, Sr, and >anu ( Can'in#, dir 't(* (#dg d -it! t! Cit* C#urt #& San Car(#s Cit* t! &#((#-ing 'rimina( '#m"(aintsC <1= against P dr# %and#', R#g (i# 7r' ((a, Rud* ;ia8, +uan R#sari# and Fr d > n#r &#r !erious Ph'sical *njuries, &i( d )* Arnu(&# <Arn#(d= Pa*#"a*; <2= against Rud* ;ia8, +uan R#sari# and Fr d > n#r &#r Trespass to Dwelling, &i( d )* C#nrad# Pa*#"a*, Sr,; <3= against P dr# %and#', Rud* ;ia8, +uan R#sari# and Fr d d (a @ ga &#r >ess !erious Ph'sical *njuries, &i( d )* >anu ( Can'in#; <4= against P dr# %and#', Rud* ;ia8, R#g (i# 7r' ((a, +uan R#sari# T Fr d > n#r &#r Grave Threats to Hill, -it! Arnu(&# Pa*#"a* as "rivat '#m"(ainant, $ 13 August 1281C Cit* C#urt, a&t r '#ndu'ting a "r (iminar* :aminati#n #& t! 4 a&#r m nti#n d 'as s, &#und r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! #&& ns s '!arg d ma* !av ) n '#mmitt d )* t! ! r in " titi#n rs and t!at t! (att r - r "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&, $ %! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st -as #rd r d against t! m, a(t!#ug! said -arrants - r (at r sus" nd d u"#n m#ti#n #& t! " titi#n rs, $ A m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -as d ni d, $ P titi#n rs m#v d &#r a r $inv stigati#n #& t! 'as s )* t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a(, %! '#urt a 3u# d ni d said m#ti#n, P titi#n rs s#ug!t a r '#nsid rati#n #& said #rd r, )ut it -as (i. -is d ni d, ISSUE 51N t! 'it* '#urt !as t! "#- r and aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a n - a "r (iminar* :aminati#n #& '!arg s, -!i'! - r "r vi#us(* t! su)/ 't #& a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d )* t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a( and t! r a&t r dismiss d )* t! (att r, HELD 67S Ratio As (#ng as t! #&& ns '!arg d !as n#t "r s'ri) d, t! 'it* '#urt !as t! "#- r and aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* :aminati#n and "r#' d -it! t! tria( #& t! 'as "r#" r(* -it!in its /urisdi'ti#n, Reasoning $ %! #&& ns s '!arg d against " titi#n rs &#r Trespass to Dwelling& Grave Threats and Ph'sical *njuries - r a(( -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Cit* C#urt, %! '#m"(aints '#u(d ) &i( d dir 't(* -it! t! Cit* C#urt -!i'!

a2010 page 44
is m"#- r d t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* :aminati#n &#r "ur"#s s #& issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st, and t! r a&t r t# "r#' d -it! t! tria( #& t! 'as s #n t! m rits, %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r '#ndu't d )* t! Cit* Fis'a( '#u(d !av ) n dis" ns d -it!, N it! r did t! ar(i r #rd r #& dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aints )* t! inv stigating &is'a( )ar t! &i(ing #& said '#m"(aints -it! t! 'it* '#urt #n t! gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard*, $ %! "r s'ri"tiv " ri#d #& a 'rim d " nds u"#n t! " na(t* im"#s d )* (a-, %! " na(ti s &#r t! 'rim s '!arg d ar C arr st# ma*#r for Trespass to Dwelling& Grave Threats and >ess !erious Ph'sical *njuries ; and arr st# ma*#r in its ma:imum " ri#d t# "risi#n '#rr ''i#na( in its minimum " ri#d &#r !erious Ph'sical *njuries, %! "r s'ri"tiv " ri#d #& #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* arr st# ma*#r is 5 * ars, -!i( 'rim s "unis!a)( )* '#rr 'ti#na( " na(ti s "r s'ri) in 10 * ars, %! '#m"(aints - r &i( d -it! t! Cit* C#urt #n(* 2 m#nt!s &r#m said #''urr n' , $ %! r $inv stigati#n s#ug!t )* " titi#n rs a""(i s #n(* t# instan' s -! r a 'as is '#gni8a)( )* t! C#urt #& First Instan' )ut &i( d -it! t! Cit* C#urt &#r "ur"#s s #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #n(* and t! r a&t r dismiss d )* t! (att r #n t! gr#und t!at n# "rima &a'i 'as :ists, 4#- v r, &#r 'as s '#gni8a)( )* in& ri#r '#urts and &i( d -it! t! sam n#t #n(* &#r "ur"#s s #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n )ut &#r tria( #n t! m rits, t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a( !as n# aut!#rit* t# r $inv stigat , An Preliminar' *nvestigationC $ Pur"#s C t# "r#t 't t! a''us d &r#m t! in'#nv ni n' , :" ns and )urd n #& d & nding !ims (& in a &#rma( tria( un( ss t! r as#na)( "r#)a)i(it* #& !is gui(t s!a(( !av ) n &irst as' rtain d in a &air(* summar* "r#' ding )* a '#m" t nt #&&i' r; and t# "r#t 't t! stat &r#m !aving t# '#ndu't us ( ss and :" nsiv tria(s, $ Stag sC <1= t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s "ri#r t# t! arr st #& t! a''us d t# d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t t! r is gr#und t# issu a -arrant #& arr st; <2= "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r, -! r in t! a''us d, a&t r !is arr st, is in&#rm d #& t! '#m"(aint &i( d against !im and is giv n a'' ss t# t! t stim#ni s and vid n' "r s nt d, and ! is a(s# " rmitt d t# intr#du' vid n' in !is &av#r, %! "ur"#s #& t!is stag #& inv stigati#n is t# d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t t! a''us d s!#u(d ) r ( as d #r ! (d ) &#r tria(, $ Natur C m r (* in3uisit#ria(, and is #&t n t! #n(* m ans #& dis'#v ring t! " rs#ns -!# ma* ) r as#na)(* '!arg d -it! a 'rim , t# na)( t! &is'a( t# "r "ar !is '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n; n#t a tria( #& t! 'as #n t! m rits and !as n# "ur"#s :' "t t!at #& d t rmining -! t! r a 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d and -! t! r t! r is "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d is gui(t* t! r #&, and it d# s n#t "(a' t! " rs#n against -!#m it is ta. n in / #"ard*, $ Knd r S 'ti#n 10, Ru( 112 #& t! 1264 R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , in 'as s &a((ing -it!in t! :'(usiv /urisdi'ti#n #& an in& ri#r '#urt, as - (( as in 'as s -it!in t! '#n'urr nt /urisdi'ti#n #& t! 'it* '#urts #r muni'i"a( '#urts -it! C#urts #& First Instan' , t! a''us d -as n#t ntit( d t# ) ! ard in a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r, %! r as#n ) !ind t!is ru( is as &#((#-sC R %! (#ss #& tim ntai( d in t! '#ndu't #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns, -it! t! '#ns 3u nt :t nsi#n #& d "rivati#n #& t! a''us dQs (i) rt*, in 'as ! &ai(s t# "#st )ai(, -!i'! at tim s #ut(asts t! " ri#d #& t! " na(t* "r#vid d )* (a- &#r t! #&& ns , ) sid s t! m nta( anguis! su&& r d in "r#tra't d (itigati#ns, ar (iminat d -it! t! assuran' #& a s" d* and :" diti#us tria( &#r t! a''us d, u"#n !is arraignm nt <-it!#ut !aving t# und rg# t! s '#nd stag #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n=, and #& a "r#m"t v rdi't #n !is gui(t #r

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

inn#' n' , 1n t! #t! r !and, t! s#$'a(( d &irst stag #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #r t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n, '#ndu't d )* t! du(* aut!#ri8 d #&&i' r, as )#rn #ut )* t! :aminati#n and s-#rn -ritt n stat m nt #& t! '#m"(ainants and t! ir -itn ss s, g n ra((* su&&i' s t# sta)(is! t! :ist n' #& r as#na)( gr#und t# '!arg t! a''us d -it! !aving '#mmitt d t! #&& ns '#m"(ain d #&,R $ %! r su(t #& a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n 'an n it! r '#nstitut n#r giv ris t# t! d & ns #& d#u)( / #"ard* in an* 'as , ) 'aus su'! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t and d# s n#t in its (& '#nstitut a tria( #r v n an* "art t! r #&, In #rd r t!at t! d & ns #& / #"ard* ma* (i , t! r must ) a &#rm r /udgm nt, it! r #& a'3uitta( #r #& '#nvi'ti#n, r nd r d )* a '#urt '#m" t nt t# r nd r t! sam , n#t #n(* )* r as#n #& t! #&& ns '#mmitt d, -!i'! must ) t! sam #r at ( ast '#m"ris d -it!in it, )ut a(s# )* r as#n #& t! "(a' -! r it -as '#mmitt d, Dispositive P titi#n dismiss d,

UNITED STATES v MARFORI 35 P!i( 666 CARS1N; ; ' m) r 2, 1216

FACTS $ CASIAN1 >ARF1RI -as '#nvi't d #& t! 'rim #& in/urias grav s <aggravat d s(and r=, and s nt n' d t# si: m#nt!s and #n da* #& d sti rr# <)anis!m nt= &#r a distan' #& 25 .i(#m t rs &r#m t! muni'i"a(it* -! r t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d, t# "a* a &in #& P65, t#g t! r -it! su)sidiar* d sti rr# as "r s'ri) d )* (a- #n &ai(ur t# "a* t!is &in and t# "a* t! '#sts, %! '#m"(aint '!arg s !im #& !aving s"#. n #& t! '#m"(ainant in a mann r -!i'! r &( 't d adv rs (* u"#n ! r virtu and g##d nam in t! "r s n' #& s v ra( -itn ss s, $ %! '#m"(aint -as #rigina((* &i( d in t! '#urt #& a /usti' #& t! " a' -!# ! (d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and dis'!arg d t! a''us d #n t! gr#und t!at ! -as n#t gui(t* #& t! 'rim -it! -!i'! ! -as '!arg d, $ A r "#rt #& t! "r#' dings -as &#r-ard d t# t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( )* t! /usti' #& t! " a' , %! '#m"(aining -itn ss r n - d t! '#m"(aint in t! CFI, An in&#rmati#n -as &i( d in t!at '#urt and >ar&#ri -as )r#ug!t t# tria( -it!#ut &urt! r "r#' dings, $ K"#n arraignm nt, -! n >ar&#ri -as 'a(( d u"#n t# "( ad, !is '#uns ( d '(in d t# "r#' d #n t! gr#und t!at t! '#urt -as -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n t# )ring >ar&#ri t# tria(, n# #rd r r manding !im &#r tria( !aving ) n issu d )* a '#m" t nt magistrat as a r su(t #& a "r (iminar* tria( <#(d t rm &#r PI, I t!in.= ! (d in a''#rdan' -it! (a-, $ %! tria( /udg #v rru( d t! #)/ 'ti#ns #& '#uns (, and #rd r d t! "arti s t# "r#' d -it! t! tria( #n t! gr#und t!at t! r "#rt #& t! "r#' dings !ad at t! "r (iminar* tria( ! (d )* t! /usti' #& t! " a' dis'(#s d a r as#na)( "r#)a)i(it* t!at t! 'rim '!arg d !ad ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! a''us d !ad '#mmitt d it; t!at t! /usti' #& t! " a' !ad rr d in dis'!arging t! a''us d; and t!at ! s!#u(d !av r mand d t! a''us d &#r tria(, $ >ar&#ri0s '#uns ( t! n : m"t d t# t! ru(ing and insist d #n t! rig!t t# a "r (iminar* tria(, >ar&#ri r &us d t# nt r a "( a s# t!at t! '#urt -as '#m" (( d t# dir 't t! ntr* #& a "( a #& n#t gui(t* in !is ) !a(&, ISSUE

Criminal Procedure
51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in )ringing t! a''us d t# tria(, #v r !is #)/ 'ti#n, in t! a)s n' #& an #rd r r manding !im &#r tria( )as d u"#n a "r (iminar* tria( ! (d in a''#rdan' -it! t! "r#visi#ns #& (aHELD 67S, Ratio %! rig!t #& an a''us d n#t t# ) )r#ug!t t# tria( :' "t -! n r mand d as t! r su(t #& a "r (iminar* :aminati#n ) &#r a '#mmitting magistrat #r, -it!in t! 'it* #& >ani(a, n#t t# ) )r#ug!t t# tria( :' "t in "ursuan' #& (i. "r#' ding #r t! "r#' ding su)stitut d )* (a-, is a su)stantia( #n , Its d nia(, #v r t! #)/ 'ti#n #& t! a''us d is "r /udi'ia( rr#r, in t!at it su)/ 'ts t! a''us d t# t! (#ss #& (i& , (i) rt* #r "r#" rt* -it!#ut du "r#' ss #& (a-, Reasoning %! a''us d -as )r#ug!t t# tria(, #v r !is #)/ 'ti#n -it!#ut !aving ) n '#mmitt d #r r mand d &#r tria( )* an inv stigating magistrat , %! /usti' #& t! " a' -!# ! (d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n dismiss d t! #rigina( '#m"(aint against t! a''us d, ) ing #& #"ini#n t!at t! r -as n# "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) (i v !im gui(t* #& t! #&& ns ; and a(t!#ug! a s#$'a(( d Ar "#rt #& t! "r#' dingsB -as &#r-ard d t# t! &is'a( and d#u)t( ss su)mitt d t# t! tria( /udg , #rigina( /urisdi'ti#n t# '#mmit t! a''us d &#r tria( as r su(t #& t!#s "r#' dings -as v st d :'(usiv (* in t! /usti' #& t! " a' ) &#r -!#m t! * - r !ad, $ %! #rd r #& t! /usti' #& t! " a' dis'!arging t! a''us d did n#t #" rat as a &ina( a'3uitta(, and -as n#t a )ar t# r $arr st and "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! #&& ns #rigina((* '!arg d, I& t! &is'a( -as n#t satis&i d -it! t! a'ti#n #& t! /usti' #& t! " a' , ! '#u(d !av s 'ur d t! arr st #& t! a''us d u"#n a n - '#m"(aint, and s#ug!t an #rd r r manding t! a''us d &#r tria( in a s '#nd "r (iminar* inv stigati#n !ad ) &#r it! r t! /usti' #& t! " a' -!# ! (d t! &irst inv stigati#n #r ) &#r t! /udg #& t! CFI in t! : r'is #& !is &un'ti#ns as a '#mmitting magistrat , <A't 1629, S ', 39= $ But it -#u(d mani& st(* d & at t! nd s#ug!t t# ) attain d )* t! "r#visi#ns #& (a- &#r t! !#(ding #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns i& it! r t! &is'a(, #r t! tria( /udg , #r )#t! a'ting t#g t! r - r " rmitt d t# ma. us #& t! r '#rd #& t! "r#' dings !ad ) &#r a /usti' #& t! " a' at a "r (iminar* tria(, as a r su(t #& -!i'! t! a''us d -as dis'!arg d, &#r t! "ur"#s #& )ringing t! a''us d t# tria( d s"it t! #rd r #& dis'!arg and #v r !is #)/ 'ti#n )as d #n t! gr#und t!at ! !as n#t ) n r mand d &#r tria( as a r su(t #& a "r (iminar* tria(, Dispositive +udgm nt '#nvi'ting and s nt n'ing t! a''us d R7@7RS7; -it! t! '#sts #& )#t! instan' s d #&&i'i# and t! r '#rd R7>AN;7; t# t! '#urt ) (#- &#r &urt! r "r#' dings,

a2010 page 45
&#und m rit#ri#us t! r as#ns a(( g d t! r in, add 'as is ! r )* dismiss d, as "ra* d, -it! '#sts d #&i'i#, and t! )#nd &i( d &#r t! t m"#rar* r ( as #& t! a''us d is ! r )* #rd r d 'an' (( d, It is s# #rd r d,R ISSUE 51N t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( !as aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't an#t! r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t! r a&t r as. t! C#urt #& First Instan' t# dismiss t! 'rimina( 'as r mand d )* t! /usti' #& t! " a' , a&t r t! (att r !ad '#ndu't d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and issu d an #rd r t# t! && 't t!at t! r -as "r#)a)( 'aus t# "r#s 'ut t! #&& ns '!arg d -!i'! &a((s -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' ,R HELD A&t r a 'rimina( 'as !as ) n r mand d )* t! /usti' #& t! " a' t# t! C#urt #& First Instan' -!i'! !as /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* it #n t! m rits, and ) &#r t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( !as &i( d t! n ' ssar* in&#rmati#n, t! (att r n#t #n(* !as t! "#- r )ut a(s# t! dut* t# inv stigat t! &a'ts u"#n -!i'! t! '#m"(aint &i( d in t! /usti' #& t! " a' '#urt -as )as d, t# :amin t! vid n' su)mitt d t# t! /usti' #& t! " a' and su'! #t! r vid n' as t! "arti s ma* d m "r#" r t# su)mit #n t! ir #-n &r -i(( #r #n d mand #& t! &is'a(, &#r t! "ur"#s #& d t rmining -! t! r t! r is at ( ast "rima &a'i vid n' sta)(is!ing t! gui(t #& t! a''us d and #v r'#ming t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' in !is &av#r, I& ,&'%* (% (,2$0% ,ll '(+- ,02 .$0-+2%*+09 ,ll '(% .+*.u/-',0.%- $& '(% .,-%, '(% &+-.,l @%l+%v%- '(,' '(% %v+2%0.% +- 0$' -u&&+.+%0' '$ %-',@l+-( )*+/, &,.+% '(% 9u+l' $& '(% ,..u-%2, (% -($ul2 -u@/+' '$ '(% .$u*' @%&$*% ?(+.( '(% .,-% +- )%02+09 '(% .$**%-)$02+09 /$'+$0 &$* 2+-/+--,l# %! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #& ?aguna '#m"(i d -it! a(( t! s r 3uir m nts ) &#r as.ing &#r t! dismissa( #& t! "r s nt 'as , t! r )* . "ing -it!in t! "#- rs '#n& rr d u"#n !im )* s 'ti#n 1689 #& t! R vis d Administrativ C#d , Dispositive Finding n# m rit in t! s#( rr#r assign d )* t! a"" ((ant, t! #&& nd d "art* in t!is 'as , t! #rd r a"" a( d &r#m is ! r )* a&&irm d,Q -it! '#sts against t! a"" ((ant,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

+udg % m"(# '#ndu't d "r (iminar* :aminati#n $ +un 22, 1290 N +udg % m"(# s t t! 'as &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t# a&&#rd t! a''us d t! #''asi#n t# '#n&r#nt t! -itn ss s against !im and t# "r s nt !is #-n vid n' $ inst ad #& avai(ing !ims (& #& t!is #""#rtunit*, ! &i( d a mani& stati#n stating t!at ! A5aiv s !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' at t! s '#nd stag #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n,B $ t! 'as -as &#r-ard d t# t! CFI, and it a"" ars t!at a''us d nt r d !is n#n$gui(t* "( a -it!#ut raising t! 3u sti#n #& (a'. #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, Petitioners< Claim <1= t! tria( '#urt !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! 'as &#r -ant #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n <2= t! :tra/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n ! : 'ut d -as #)tain d t!r#ug! &#r' and intimidati#n and, t! r &#r , inadmissi)( in vid n' , and <3= in t! a)s n' #& ad 3uat "r##& t!at it -as ! -!# .i(( d t! d ' as d 4 rm n gi(d# 1diamar, ! s!#u(d ) ! (d gui(t* #& t! #&& ns #& r#)) r* #n(*, and n#t #& t! '#m"( : 'rim #& r#)) r* -it! !#mi'id and d#u)( s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s,

ISSUE 51N t! tria( '#urt !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! 'as &#r -ant #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n HELD N1 Reasoning % 5! n +udg % m"(# s t t! 'as &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t# a&&#rd t! a''us d #''asi#n t# '#n&r#nt t! -itn ss s against !im, t! a''us d inst ad &i( d a mani& stati#n -aiving !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' at t! s '#nd stag #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, 5! n t! 'as -as &#r-ard d t# t! CFI, t! a''us d nt r d !is "( a -it!#ut raising t! 3u sti#n #& (a'. #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, %! a&#r said '#nstitut -aiv r #& t! a''us d0s rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, It is - (($s tt( d t!at t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t a &undam nta( rig!t and t!at t! sam ma* ) -aiv d :"r ss(* #r )* si( n' , Su'! -aiv r 'arri d -it! it t! -aiv r #& an* "r#' dura( rr#r #r irr gu(arit* t!at ma* !av att nd d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, Dispositive %! /udgm nt und r r vi - is ! r )* a&&irm d

PEOPLE v >ELOSO 112 SCRA 193 P7R CKRIA>; F )ruar* 25, 1282
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi - #& CFI d 'isi#n im"#sing t! 'a"ita( " na(t* #& d at! #n a''us d @ (#s# &#r t! 'rim #& r#)) r* -it! !#mi'id and d#u)( s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s FACTS $ @ (#s# and #t! rs nt r d t! 1diamar0s !#us and r#)) d t! m ar#und 9C30 in t! v ning, %! * st#( m#n *, t ar gas gun, / - (r*, #(d '#ins, $ 4 rm n gi(d# 1diamar -as s!#t and .i(( d during t! r#)) r*, -!i( t! 1diamar s"#us s sustain d s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s, $ @ (#s#, am#ng #t! rs, -as '!arg d &#r r#)) r* -it! !#mi'id and d#u)( s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s $ +u(* 5, 1290 <t! 'as sa*s /u(* )ut I t!in. it0s a t*"#G "r#)a)(* /un = C

PEOPLE v O>ILLA 65 P!i( 922 @I??A$R7A?; +un 29, 1238

NATURE %!is is an a"" a( )* t! #&& nd d "art*, P tra F(#r s, &r#m t! #rd r #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& ?aguna, FACTS $ 1R;7R 1F CFICR%! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( !aving &i( d a m#ti#n in t! a)#v ntit( d 'as "ra*ing &#r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as , and t! '#urt !aving

PEOPLE v GOMEZ 119 SCRA 92 R7?1@A; S "t m) r 30, 1282

FACTS $ In 1262, &#ur <4= in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d )* t! "r#s 'uting &is'a(s ) &#r t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Lam)#anga Cit*, %! * - r as &#((#-sC 7. Criminal Case @o. CIFC,$$ 7di() rt# G#m 8, Prud n'i# N, Ci'!#n, C sar @, Casti((#, P dr# Cu nt# and +#!n ;# '!arg d -it! 7sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i'M#&&i'ia( d#'um nts, %! "r#s 'uting #&&i' rs ' rti&i d und r #at! t!at t! * !ad '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! 'as in a''#rdan' -it! (a-; and t!at t! *

Criminal Procedure
) (i v d t!at t! #&& ns '!arg d !ad ) n '#mmitt d and t! a''us d - r "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&, %! '#rr s"#nding -arrant #& arr st &#r a'! #& t! a''us d -as a''#rding(* issu d, %! a''us d P dr# Cu nt# and C sar Casti((# "( ad d n#t gui(t*, D. Criminal Case @o. CIF:,$$ 7sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i'M#&&i'ia( d#'um nts against ?#r n8# ; (antar, Prud n'i# Ci'!#n, + sus F, Ati(an# and t-# #t! r unid nti&i d " rs#ns, Ri'!ard ;# and +#!n ;# , %! "r#s 'uti#n a(s# ' rti&i d und r #at! t!at t! * '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! 'as G K"#n arraignm nt, + sus Ati(an#, Prud n'i# Ci'!#n and ?#r n8# ; (antar "( ad d n#t gui(t*, C. Criminal Case @o. CIFF.)) 7sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i'M#&&i'ia( d#'um nts -as &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Lam)#anga Cit* against Prud n'i# Ci'!#n and Pau(in# ;uma, A(s# !as ' rti&i'ati#n #& t! Stat Pr#s 'ut#rs t!at t! * !ad '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in t! 'as G %! t-# a''us d "( ad d n#t gui(t*, :. Criminal Case @o. C7DF.$$ Prud n'i# Ci'!#n, + sus F Ati(an# and P dr# Cu nt# - r '!arg d -it! 7sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i'M#&&i'ia( d#'um nts, N# ' rti&i'ati#n t!at a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! 'as !ad ) n mad )* t! "r#s 'ut#rs, S# ;istri't +udg !ims (& mad t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and #n' satis&i d t!at a "rima &a'i 'as against t! t!r a''us d :ist d, issu d -arrants &#r t! ir arr st #n t! sam da*, At t! arraignm nt, a(( t! a''us d "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ 1n +un 22, 1266, t! a''us d in t! &#ur <4= 'as s, t!ru t! ir '#uns (, &i( d a >1%I1N %1 ;7C?AR7 INF1R>A%I1NS AN; 5ARRAN%S 1F ARR7S% nu(( and v#id #n t! gr#und t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# #)s rv t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 13 and 14 #& Ru( 112 #& t! N - Ru( s #& C#urt r garding "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and "ra* d t! '#urt t# 'an' ( t! -arrants #& arr st issu d, $ 1n S "t m) r 29, 1266, t! (#- r '#urt, &#r (a'. #& m rit, d ni d t! a&#r said m#ti#n, $ K"#n a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n &i( d )* t! a''us d, t!ru '#uns (, t! (#- r '#urt, #n N#v m) r 2, 1266, r v rs d its &#rm r ru(ing and #rd r d t! dismissa( #& a(( t! &#ur <4= 'as s against t! m, -it!#ut "r /udi' t# t! r &i(ing #& t! sam , ISSUE 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in dismissing t! s 'as s #n t! gr#und t!at t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns '#ndu't d t! r in - r n#t in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#ns 13 and 14 #& Ru( 112, in r (ati#n t# Ru( 144 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, HELD 67S Ratio %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns in t! s &#ur <4= 'as s - r t rminat d in 1262, #r ) &#r t! N - Ru( s #& C#urt t##. && 't #n +anuar* 1, 1264, Ru( s 112 and 113 t! r #& 'ann#t, t! r &#r , a""(* t# t! s 'as s at )ar, Reasoning %! g#v rnm nt "r#s 'ut#rs ' rti&i d und r #at! t!at t! * !ad '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in said 'as s, And, in Crimina( Cas N#, 3128, it -as ;istri't +udg Gr g#ri# >#nt /# -!# '#ndu't d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and, &inding t! :ist n' #& a prima facie 'as , #rd r d t! arr st #& t! d & ndant, It is '( ar, t! r &#r , t!at t! r 3uir d inv stigati#ns - r '#m"(i d -it!,

a2010 page 46
$ But t! n, ,--u/+09 '(,' '(% +0&$*/,'+$0- 2+2 0$' .$0',+0 '(% *%Du+-+'% .%*'+&+.,'%- *%9,*2+09 '(% F+-.,lM- (,v+09 (%l2 , )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0, t! #missi#ns ar n#t n ' ssari(* &ata(, T(% ,@-%0.% $& )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0- 2$%- 0$' ,&&%.' '(% .$u*'M- 8u*+-2+.'+$0 $v%* '(% .,-%# N$* 2$ '(%y +/),+* '(% v,l+2+'y $& '(% +0&$*/,'+$0 $* $'(%*?+-% *%02%* +' 2%&%.'+v%# I& t! r - r n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns and t! d & ndants, ) &#r nt ring t! ir "( a, invit t! att nti#n #& t! '#urt t# t! ir a)s n' , t! '#urt, Rinst ad #& dismissing t! in&#rmati#n, s!#u(d '#ndu't su'! inv stigati#n, #rd r t! &is'a( t# '#ndu't it #r r mand t! 'as t# t! in& ri#r '#urt s# t!at t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ma* ) '#ndu't d,R <P #"( vs, Casian#, 1 SCRA 498=, %! d & ndants in t! s 'as s did n#t 3u sti#n t! va(idit* #& t! in&#rmati#ns #n t! gr#und #& d & 'tiv ' rti&i'ati#ns #r t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns ) &#r t! * nt r d t! "( a #& n#t gui(t*, %! * &i( d t! m#ti#n t# d '(ar in&#rmati#ns and -arrants #& arr st nu(( and v#id #n(* a&t r m#r t!an #n <1= * ar t! r a&t r, C#ns 3u nt(*, -! n t! * nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, t! * t! r )* -aiv d a(( #)/ 'ti#ns t!at ar gr#unds &#r a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, :' "t (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #r &ai(ur #& t! in&#rmati#n t# '!arg an #&& ns , %!us, t! * -aiv d t! rig!t t# a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -! n t! * &ai( d t# inv#. it "ri#r t#, #r at ( ast at, t! tim #& t! ntr* #& t! ir "( a in t! C#urt #& First Instan' , Dispositive ACC1R;ING?6, t! #rd r dat d N#v m) r 2, 1266 #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Lam)#anga is s t asid and t! said '#urt is ! r )* #rd r d t# "r#' d -it! t! tria( #& t! said 'rimina( 'as s,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! a&&idavits #& "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s and #t! r d#'um ntar* vid n' "r s nt d during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n $/udg d ni d m#ti#n, And as. d t! su)missi#n #& d#'um nts ar(i r as. d &#r, V v ntua((*, " titi#n rs su)mitt d t! d#'um nts r nd ring t! 'as mut <!a!a= and a'ad mi', But t! C#urt d 'id d t# ta'.( t! issu n#n t! ( ss, S#m -arrants - r grant d, s#m - r r mand d t# ISSUE 51N t! r s"#nd nt 'it* /udg ma*, &#r t! "ur"#s #& issuing a -arrant #& arr st, '#m" ( t! &is'a( t# su)mit t# t! '#urt t! su""#rting a&&idavits and #t! r d#'um ntar* vid n' "r s nt d during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n HELD N1, $%! "rimar* r 3uir m nt &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st is t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus <S ', 3, Art, I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n=, P,;, N#, 211 aut!#ri8 s t! &is'a( #r stat "r#s 'ut#r t# d t rmin t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , $ %! r is t!us n# dis"ut t!at t! /udg ma* r (* u"#n t! &is'a(Qs ' rti&i'ati#n #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus and, #n t! )asis t! r #&, issu a -arrant #& arr st, But t!is d# s n#t )ind t! /udg t# issu a -arrant $ S 'ti#n 6, Ru( 112 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urtCC R5arrant #& arr st, -! n issu d, $ I& t! /udg ) satis&i d &r#m t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n '#ndu't d )* !im #r )* t! inv stigating #&&i' r t!at t! #&& ns '#m"(ain d #& !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d !as '#mmitt d it, ! must issu a -arrant #r #rd r &#r !is arr st,R $t! /udg must satis&* !ims (& #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus ) &#r issuing a -arrant #r #rd r #& arr st, I& #n t! &a' #& t! in&#rmati#n t! /udg &inds n# "r#)a)( 'aus , ! ma* disr gard t! &is'a(Qs ' rti&i'ati#n and r 3uir t! su)missi#n #& t! a&&idavits #& -itn ss s t# aid !im in arriving at a '#n'(usi#n as t# t! :ist n' #& a "r#)a)( 'aus , 5it!#ut t! a&&idavits #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s and #t! r vid n' -!i'!, as a matt r #& (#ng$standing "ra'ti' !ad ) n atta'! d t# t! in&#rmati#ns &i( d in !is sa(a, r s"#nd nt &#und t! in&#rmati#ns inad 3uat )as s &#r t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus $A(s#, Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur in S" 'ia( Cas s, is a""(i'a)( t# s#m #& t! 'rim s in t! said in&#rmati#ns, %!is ru( r 3uir s t!at t! A'#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n must ) a''#m"ani d )* t! a&&idavits #& t! '#m"(ainant and #& !is -itn ss s in su'! num) r #& '#"i s as t! r ar d & ndants "(us t-# <2= '#"i s &#r t! '#urtQs &i( sB $/udg a(s# did n#t '#mmit grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in r manding s#m #& t! 'as s t# t! Cit* Fis'a( &#r &urt! r inv stigati#n, Fr#m t! in&#rmati#ns and a&&idavits "r s nt d t# !im, ! &#und t! '!arg s "at nt(* -it!#ut )asis #r m rit, F#r r s"#nd nt t# issu t! -arrants #& arr st and tr* t! a''us d -#u(d #n(* :"#s t! (att r t# unn ' ssar* !arrassm nt, an:i t* and :" ns , And as a(r ad* "#int d #ut, und r t! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur in S" 'ia( Cas s, t! r s"#nd nt /udg !as t! "#- r t# #rd r t! #utrig!t dismissa( #& t! '!arg i&, &r#m t! in&#rmati#n and t! a&&idavits atta'! d t! r t#, ! &inds t! sam t# ) "at nt(* -it!#ut )asis #r m rit

PLACER v >ILLANUE>A 126 SCRA 463 7SC1?IN; ; ' m) r 22, 1283

FACTS $" titi#n rs t! Cit* Fis'a( #& Butuan Cit* and !is assistants &i( d in t! Cit* C#urt #& Butuan ' rtain in&#rmati#ns and ' rti&i d t! m as &#((#-sC At!at a "r (iminar* :aminati#n !as ) n '#ndu't d )* m in t!is 'as , !aving :amin d t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s; t!at #n t! )asis #& t! s-#rn stat m nts and #t! r vid n' su)mitt d ) &#r t!is 1&&i' , t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! 'rim '!arg d !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at ! r in a''us d is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&,B $r s"#nd nt /udg s t a ! aring t# d t rmin t! "r#"ri t* #& issuing -arrants #& arr st, A&t r ! aring, /udg issu d #rd rs r 3uiring " titi#n rs t# su)mit t# t! '#urt t! a&&idavits #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s and #t! r d#'um ntar* vid n' in su""#rt #& t! in&#rmati#ns t# aid !im in t! : r'is #& !is "#- r #& /udi'ia( r vi - #& t! &indings #& "r#)a)( 'aus )* " titi#n rs $" titi#n rs &i( d t-# s "arat m#ti#ns &#r r '#nsid rati#n stating t!at t! * - r aut!#ri8 d t# d t rmin t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus ni a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t!at t! ir &indings '#nstitut su&&i'i nt )asis &#r t! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st, $r s"#nd nt /usti&i s !is #rd r as an : r'is #& !is /udi'ia( "#- r t# r vi - t! &is'a(Qs &indings #& "r#)a)( 'aus , 4 &urt! r maintains t!at t! &ai(ur #& " titi#n rs t# &i( t! r 3uir d a&&idavits d str#*s t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit* in t! " r&#rman' #& " titi#n rsQ #&&i'ia( duti s, "arti'u(ar(* in t! (ig!t #& t! (#ng standing "ra'ti' #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Fis'a( #& Butuan #& atta'!ing t# t! in&#rmati#ns &i( d -it! t! '#urt

Criminal Procedure
GO v CA :PELAYO< 206 SCRA 138 F7?ICIAN1; F )ruar* 11, 1222
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s FACTS $ +u(* 2, 1221 N 7(d#n >aguan nt r d a #n $-a* str t <5i(s#n St,= &r#m t! #""#sit dir 'ti#n <'#unt r&(#-=, ! ading t#-ards P, Gu varra St, In s# d#ing, ! n ar(* '#((id d -it! t! 'ar #& a''us d R#(it# G#, G# g#t #ut #& !is 'ar and s!#t >aguan, $ A s 'urit* guard #& a n ar)* )a. s!#" -itn ss d t! v nt and -as a)( t# n#t t! "(at num) r #& t! " titi#n r, %! 'ar -as v ntua((* tra' d t# an 7(isa Ang G#, -i& #& t! a''us d, $ %! "#(i' - r in&#rm d t!at t! " titi#n r !ad a m a( at t! )a. s!#" -! r !is 'r dit 'ard -as us d t# "a* &#r t! transa'ti#n, P#(i' - r a)( t# id nti&* t! 'ard #-n r as t! a''us d G# and -! n !is "i'tur -as s!#-n t# t! s 'urit* guard -!# "#sitiv (* id nti&i d !im as t! su""#s d assai(ant, P#(i' t! n (aun'! d a man!unt &#r G#, $ +u(* 8, 1221 N G# "r s nt d !ims (& in t! San +uan "#(i' stati#n -it! !is t-# (a-* rs in t#- t# v ri&* r "#rts t!at ! -as ) ing !unt d d#-n )* t! "#(i' , 1, %! "#(i' d tain d G# and a C1>P?AIN% &#r FRKS%RA%7; 41>ICI;7 -as &i( d against !im, 2, Asst, Pr#v, Pr#s 'ut#r @i((a Igna'i# in&#rm d G#, in t! "r s n' #& !is (a-* rs, #& !is rig!t t# avai( #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n )ut in s# d#ing, G# !ad t# -aiv t! "r#visi#ns in Art, 125, RPC, G# r &us d, $ +u(* 2, 1221 N >aguan di d as a r su(t #& !is guns!#t -#unds ) &#r an INF1R>A%I1N '#u(d ) &i( d, $ +u(* 11, 1221C 3, %! "r#s 'ut#r &i( d an INF1R>A%I1N &#r murd r, inst ad #& an in&#rmati#n &#r &rustrat d !#mi'id , %! "r#s 'ut#r stat d t!at n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -as '#ndu't d ) 'aus G# r &us d t# -aiv "r#visi#ns #& Art, 125, RPC, 4, G#0s '#uns ( &i( d an 1>NIBKS >1%I1N F1R I>>7;IA%7 R7?7AS7 AN; PR1P7R PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N -it! t! a(( gati#ns t!at an i(( ga( -arrant( ss arr st !ad ) n && 't d and t!at n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n !ad ) n '#ndu't d and "ra* d t!at G# ) r ( as d #n )ai(, $ +u(* 12, 1221C 5, G# &i( d an urg nt 7J$PAR%7 >1%I1N F1R SP7CIA? RAFF?7 in #rd r t# :" dit a'ti#n #n t! )ai( r '#mm ndati#n, %! 'as! )#nd -as a""r#v d and G# -as r ( as d &r#m /ai(, $ +u(* 16, 1221C 6, Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a >1%I1N F1R ?7A@7 %1 C1N;KC% PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N and "ra* d t!at t! '#urt "r#' dings ) sus" nd d m#m ntari(*, 9, %! tria( '#urt grant d ?7A@7 t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and 'an' (( d t! arraignm nt s'! du( d #n August 15, 1221, $ +u(* 12, 1221C 8, G# '#nt nd d t!r#ug! a P7%I%I1N F1R C7R%I1RARI, PR14IBI%I1N AN; >AN;A>KS t!at t! in&#rmati#n -as nu(( and v#id ) 'aus n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n !ad ) n '#ndu't d,

a2010 page 4
$ +u(* 23, 1221 N G# surr nd r d t# t! "#(i' and t! /udg s t t! arraignm nt #n August 23, $ August 23, 1221C 2, R s"#nd nt /udg issu d a '#mmitm nt #rd r &#r G#, K"#n arraignm nt, a "( a #& n#t gui(t* -as nt r d ) 'aus G# r &us d t# nt r a "( a, 10, G# &i( d a P7%I%I1N F1R 4AB7AS C1RPKS and t! CA issu d t! -rit, %! " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us -as '#ns#(idat d -it! t! " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus, $ S "t m) r 12, 1221 N %! tria( start d and t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d its &irst -itn ss, %!is -as &#((#- d )* t!r m#r -itn ss s #n 1't#) r 3, 1221, $ S "t m) r 23, 1221 N %! CA dismiss d t! " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us and t! " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus #n t! &#((#-ing gr#unds, am#ng #t! rsC a= @a(idit* #& t! -arrant( ss arr st ) 'aus t! 'rim !ad ) n A&r s!(* '#mmitt d,B 4 -as "#sitiv (* id nti&i d )* t! -itn ss and !is id ntit* !ad ) n sta)(is! d -! n ! 'am t# t! "#(i' stati#n, )= 5aiv r #& t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -! n ! did n#t inv#. it "r#" r(* and -aiv r #& an* irr gu(arit* in !is arr st -! n a''us d "#st d )ai(, '= @a(idit* #& t! in&#rmati#n against t! a''us d "r '(ud d t! grant #& t! " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us Petitioners Claim; G# '#nt nds t!at t! 'rim !ad n#t ) n A/ust '#mmitt dB ) 'aus #& t! 6$da* dis"arit*, $ N#n #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs -!# arr st d !im !ad an* A" rs#na( .n#-( dg B #& t! 'rim , Respondents Comments; G# !ad ) n va(id(* arr st d ) 'aus t! 'rim !ad ) n '#mmitt d 6 da*s ) &#r ! -as arr st d, $ Inv#.ing Jmali vs. Ramos -! r t! C#urt u"! (d t!at a -arrant( ss arr st -as va(id 14 da*s a&t r t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d, $ %! "r#s 'ut#r "r#' d d und r t! rr#n #us su""#siti#n t!at S 'ti#n 9 #& Ru( 112 -as a""(i'a)( and r 3uir d " titi#n r t# -aiv t! "r#visi#ns #& Arti'( 125 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d as a '#nditi#n &#r 'arr*ing #ut a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, G# -as ntit( d t# a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t!at rig!t s!#u(d !av ) n a''#rd d !im -it!#ut an* '#nditi#ns, ISSUES 1, 51N t! -arrant( ss arr st -as (a-&u( 2, 51N t! a''us d G# !ad -aiv d !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n HELD 1, N1, t! -arrant( ss arr st -as n#t (a-&u( Ratio Ru( 112, S ', 9 stat s t!at a '#m"(aint &#r in&#rmati#n 'an ) &i( d sans "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -! n a " rs#n !as ) n (a-&u((* arr st d -it!#ut a -arrant :' "t t!an an a&&idavit s!#u(d ) : 'ut d )* t! " rs#n -!# -as r s"#nsi)( &#r t! arr st, But t! " rs#n arr st d 'an as. &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n )* t! "r#" r #&&i' r ) &#r t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n 'an ) &i( d, In t!is 'as , t! " rs#n arr st d must -aiv t! "r#visi#ns #& A125, RPC -it! t! assistan' #& '#uns ( <a (a-* r #r an#t! r " rs#n #& !is '!#i' i& a (a-* r is n#t avai(a)( =, 4 ma* a(s# a""(* &#r )ai( d s"it t! -aiv r and t! inv stigati#n must t rminat -it!in 15 da*s, Reasoning

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ Jmil vs. Ramos #n(* a""(i s t# '#ntinuing 'rim s s# it d# s n#t a""(* in t! 'as at )ar, >urd r is n#t a '#ntinuing 'rim ) 'aus it !a"" ns in #n "(a' at a "arti'u(ar "#int in tim and nds t! r as - ((, $ %! -arrant( ss arr st d# s n#t &#((#- t! r 3uisit s in Ru( 113, S ', 5 ) 'aus C U%! Aarr stB t##. "(a' 6 da*s a&t r >aguan -as s!#t -! r as t! R#C "r#vid t!at t! 'rim s!#u(d !av ) n /ust '#mmitt d, is a)#ut t# ) '#mmitt d #r is ) ing '#mmitt d, UN#n #& t! arr sting #&&i' rs !ad " rs#na( .n#-( dg #& t! &a'ts indi'ating t!at G# -as t! gunman as r 3uir d in t! R#C, %! in&#rmati#n t!at t! "#(i' !ad -as d riv d &r#m * -itn ss a''#unts, $ 5! n G# -a(. d int# t! "#(i' stati#n 6 da*s a&t r >aguan -as s!#t, ! did n#t surr nd r <s# as n#t t# im"(* t!at ! '#mmitt d t! 'rim = n#r -as ! arr st d )ut ! "(a' d !ims (& in t! dis"#sa( #& t! "#(i' aut!#riti s, 2, N1, G# !ad n#t -aiv d !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, Ratio %! ru( is t!at t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is -aiv d -! n t! a''us d &ai(s t# inv#. it ) &#r #r at t! tim #& nt ring a "( a at arraignm nt, Reasoning $ %! rig!t t# !av a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d ) &#r ) ing )#und #v r t# tria( &#r a 'rimina( #&& ns and ! n' &#rma((* at ris. #& in'ar' rati#n #r s#m #t! r " na(t*, is n#t a m r &#rma( #r t '!ni'a( rig!t; it is a su)stantiv rig!t, $ %! natur #& t! 'rim d mand d t!at a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) '#ndu't d, G# did as. &#r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n &r#m t! start, 1n t! da* t! in&#rmati#n &#r murd r -as &i( d, ! a(s# &i( d an 1>NIBKS >1%I1N &#r I>>7;IA%7 R7?7AS7 and PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N, %! C#urt is n#t r ad* t# ign#r t!at a't )* G# and '#nsid r it as a -aiv r )as d sim"(* #n t! '#nt nti#n #& t! S#(G n t!at t! m#ti#n s!#u(d !av ) n &i( d -it! t! tria( '#urt and n#t t! "r#s 'ut#r, $ A''#rding t# Crespo vs. (ogulC %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d )* t! &is'a( &#r t! "ur"#s #& d t rmining -! t! r a "rima &a'i 'as :ists -arranting t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! a''us d is t rminat d u"#n t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n in t! "r#" r '#urt, S!#u(d t! &is'a( &ind it "r#" r t# '#ndu't a r inv stigati#n #& t! 'as , at su'! stag , t! " rmissi#n #& t! C#urt must ) s 'ur d, A&t r su'! r inv stigati#n t! &inding and r '#mm ndati#ns #& t! &is'a( s!#u(d ) su)mitt d t# t! C#urt &#r a""r#"riat a'ti#n, $ 4#- v r, in t! 'as at )ar, G#0s #mni)us m#ti#n as. d &#r a PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N n#t R7IN@7S%IGA%I1N as dis'uss d in Crespo vs. (ogul. %! Pr#s 'ut#r a(s# &i( d a >1%I1N &#r ?7A@7 %1 C1N;KC% PR7?I>INAR6 IN@7S%IGA%I1N s# t! #mni)us m#ti#n #& G# -as, in && 't, &i( d in t! tria( '#urt, G# did as. &#r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #n t! v r* da* t!at t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d -it!#ut su'! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, and t!at t! tria( '#urt -as 5 da*s (at r a""ris d #& t! d sir #& t! " titi#n r &#r su'! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ %! r -as n# -aiv r #& t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) 'aus G# !ad vig#r#us(* insist d #n !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) &#r !is arraignm nt, At t! tim #& !is arraignm nt, " titi#n r -as a(r ad* ) &#r t! C#urt #& A"" a(s #n ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus "r 'is (* as.ing &#r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) &#r ) ing &#r' d t# stand tria(, $ G#0s a't #& "#sting )ai( 'ann#t ) d m d t# ) a -aiv r #& !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, G# as. d &#r r ( as #n r '#gni8an' #r #n )ai(

Criminal Procedure
and &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in #n #mni)us m#ti#n, 4 !ad t!us '(aim d !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) &#r r s"#nd nt +udg a""r#v d t! 'as! )#nd "#st d )* " titi#n r and #rd r d !is r ( as , O!iter $ 4#- v r, '#ntrar* t# " titi#n rQs '#nt nti#n, t! &ai(ur t# a''#rd "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, -!i( '#nstituting a d nia( #& t! a""r#"riat and &u(( m asur #& t! statut#r* "r#' ss #& 'rimina( /usti' , did n#t im"air t! va(idit* #& t! in&#rmati#n &#r murd r n#r a&& 't t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! tria( '#urt, $ In t! 'as at )ar, a tria( &#r m rits !ad a(r ad* '#mm n' d and t! "r#s 'uti#n !ad a(r ad* "r s nt d 4 -itn ss s, U %!is, !#- v r, sti(( ntit( s t! a''us d t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, %ria( #n t! m rits s!#u(d ) sus" nd d #r ! (d in a) *an' and a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n s!#u(d a''#rd d t# " titi#n r, v n i& v ntua((*, t! "r#s 'ut#r ma* #r ma* n#t &ind "r#)a)( 'aus , %! "#int is t!at G# -as n#t a''#rd d !is "r#" r rig!ts, U As &#r )ai(, G# is sti(( ntit( d t# ) r ( as d #n )ai( as a matt r #& rig!t, S!#u(d t! vid n' against t! a''us d ) str#ng, t! )ai( 'an t! n ) 'an' (( d, U %# !#(d t!at t! rig!ts #& G# - r #)(it rat d )* t! "r s ntati#n #& vid n' in t! "r#' dings in t! tria( '#urt -#u(d ) t# ( gitimi8 t! d "rivati#n #& du "r#' ss, Dispositive ACC1R;ING?6, t! C#urt R s#(v d t# GRAN% t! P titi#n &#r R vi - #n C rti#rari, %! 1rd r #& t! tria( '#urt dat d 19 +u(* 1221 is ! r )* S7% ASI;7 and NK??IFI7;, and t! ; 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s dat d 23 S "t m) r 1221 ! r )* R7@7RS7;, $ %! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r is ! r )* 1R;7R7; t# '#ndu't &#rt!-it! a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! '!arg #& murd r against " titi#n r G#, and t# '#m"( t su'! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -it!in a " ri#d #& &i&t n <15= da*s &r#m '#mm n' m nt t! r #&, %! tria( #n t! m rits #& t! 'rimina( 'as in t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt s!a(( ) SKSP7N;7; t# a-ait t! '#n'(usi#n #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, - > antim , " titi#n r is ! r )* 1R;7R7; r ( as d &#rt!-it! u"#n "#sting #& a 'as! )ai( )#nd #& 1n 4undr d %!#usand P s#s <P100,000,00=, %!is r ( as s!a(( ) -it!#ut "r /udi' t# issu , s!#u(d t! an* (a-&u( #rd r t!at t! tria( '#urt 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r m#v &#r 'an' ((ati#n #& a(( at t! '#n'(usi#n #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n,

a2010 page 4!
irr ( vant '#nsid rati#n, r m m) ring inst ad t!at its #n(* guid -as t! mandat #& t! (a-,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

FACTS $ 1't#) r 1289, t! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'uti#n 1&&i' r '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! '!arg against " titi#n r, Ouintin ;#r#ma(, a &#rm r '#mmissi#n r #& t! Pr sid ntia( C#mmissi#n #n G##d G#v rnm nt &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! Anti$Gra&t and C#rru"t Pra'ti' s A't in '#nn 'ti#n -it! !is s!ar !#(dings and "#siti#n as "r sid nt and dir 't#r #& t! ;#r#ma( Int rnati#na( %rading C#r"#rati#n -!i'! su)mitt d )ids t# su""(* 3ui"m nt t# t! ;7CS and t! Nati#na( >an"#- r and 6#ut! C#un'i(, $ +anuar* 25, 1288, S" 'ia( Pr#s 'uti#n 1&&i' r &i( d in t! Sandigan)a*an an in&#rmati#n against " titi#n r, $ %! " titi#n r &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n in t! SC 3u sti#ning t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! %an#d)a*an t# &i( t! in&#rmati#n -it!#ut t! a""r#va( #& t! 1m)udsman a&t r t! && 'tivit* #& t! 1289 C#nstituti#n, $ +un 30, 1288, t! SC annu(( d t! in&#rmati#n $ K"#n t! annu(m nt #& t! in&#rmati#n against t! " titi#n r, t! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r s#ug!t '( aran' &r#m t! 1m)udsman t# r &i( it $ %! 1m)udsman grant d '( aran' )ut advis d t!at s#m '!ang s ) mad in t! in&#rmati#n "r vi#us(* &i( d $ A n - in&#rmati#n -as &i( d in t! Sandigan)a*an $ P titi#n r &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n &#r ) ing inva(id ) 'aus t! r !ad ) n n# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and d & 'tiv ) 'aus t! &a'ts a(( g d d# n#t '#nstitut t! #&& ns '!arg d, $ %! Sandigan)a*an d ni d t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! $ %! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n t# sus" nd a''us d " nd nt (it , 1v r t! #)/ 'ti#n #& t! a''us d t! Sandigan)a*an #rd r d !is sus" nsi#n " nd nt (it &r#m !is "#siti#n as PCGG C#mmissi#n r and &r#m an* #t! r #&&i' ! ma* ) !#(ding, ISSUES 1, 51N t! Sandigan)a*an '#mmitt d n*ing " titi#n r0s m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! 2, 51N t! Sandigan)a*an '#mmitt sus" nding t! " titi#n r &r#m #&&i' "r vi#us(* a""r#v d !is ind &init ( av t! 'as d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in in&#rmati#n d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in d s"it t! Pr sid nt0s !aving #& a)s n' unti( &ina( d 'isi#n in

GUTIERREZ G.$0.u**+09H
$ %! n d &#r a tria( '#urt t# &#((#- t! Ru( s and t# ) &air, im"artia(, and " rsist nt in g tting t! tru &a'ts #& a 'as is "r s nt in a(( 'as s )ut it is "arti'u(ar(* im"#rtant i& t! a''us d is indig nt; m#r s#, i& ! is #n #& t!#s un&#rtunat s -!# s m t# s" nd m#r tim ) !ind )ars t!an #utsid ,

GRINO-A6UINO G2+--%0'+09H
$ A&t r 4 -itn ss s !av a(r ad* t sti&i d, am#ng t! m an * -itn ss -!# id nti&i d t! a''us d as t! gunman and a s 'urit* guard -!# id nti&i d t! "(at num) r #& t! gunmanQs 'ar, t! r is n# n d t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t! s#( "ur"#s #& -!i'! -#u(d ) t# as' rtain i& t! r is su&&i'i nt gr#und t# ) (i v t!at a 'rim -as '#mmitt d <-!i'! t! " titi#n r d# s n#t dis"ut = and t!at ! <t! " titi#n r= is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #& <-!i'! t! "r#s 'ut#r, )* &i(ing t! in&#rmati#n against !im, "r suma)(* ) (i v d t# ) s#=, $ %!is 'as did n#t su&& r &r#m a (a'. #& "r vi#us inv stigati#n, ;i(ig nt "#(i' -#r., -it! am"( m dia '#v rag , ( d t# t! id nti&i'ati#n #& t! sus" 't -!#, 9 da*s a&t r t! s!##ting, a"" ar d at t! San +uan "#(i' stati#n t# v ri&* n -s r "#rts t!at ! -as t! #)/ 't #& a "#(i' man!unt, %! r -itn ss s id nti&i d !im t# ) t! assai(ant, $ It s!#u(d ) r m m) r d t!at as im"#rtant as is t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, it is n#t a '#nstituti#na( rig!t, Its a)s n' is n#t a gr#und t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n, It d# s n#t a&& 't t! '#urtQs /urisdi'ti#n, n#r im"air t! va(idit* #& t! in&#rmati#n, n#r '#nstitut an in&ring m nt #& t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# '#n&r#nt -itn ss s, $ %! " titi#n rQs m#ti#n &#r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t m#r im"#rtant t!an !is a""(i'ati#n &#r r ( as #n )ai(, /ust as t! '#ndu't #& su'! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t m#r im"#rtant t!an t! ! aring #& t! a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai(, %! '#urtQs ! aring #& t! a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( s!#u(d n#t ) su)#rdinat d t# t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! '!arg , %! ! aring s!#u(d n#t ) sus" nd d, )ut s!#u(d ) a((#- d t# "r#' d ) 'aus t! "arti s -i(( !av an #""#rtunit* t# s!#- n#t #n(*C <a= -! t! r #r n#t t! r is "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) (i v t!at t! " titi#n r .i(( d 7(d#n >aguan, )ut m#r im"#rtant(* <)= -! t! r #r n#t t! vid n' #& !is gui(t is str#ng, %! /udg Qs d t rminati#n t!at t! vid n' #& !is gui(t is str#ng -#u(d natura((* &#r '(#s t! n d &#r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t# as' rtain t! "r#)a)i(it* #& !is gui(t, $ G# -as ind d arr st d )* t! "#(i' , Arr st is t! ta.ing #& a " rs#n int# 'ust#d* in #rd r t!at ! ma* ) )#und t# ans- r &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns , An arr st is mad )* an a'tua( r straint #& t! " rs#n t# ) arr st d, #r )* !is su)missi#n t# t! 'ust#d* #& t! " rs#n ma.ing t! arr st

SEPARATE OPINION CRUZ G.$0.u**+09H

$ %! r -as n# -aiv r #& t! rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n v n i& G# &r (* "arti'i"at d in !is tria( and !is '#uns ( v n 'r#ss$ :amin d t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s, $ G# !ad &r#m t! start d mand d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and t!at !is '#uns ( !ad r (u'tant(* "arti'i"at d in t! tria( #n(* ) 'aus t! '#urt t!r at n d t# r "(a' !im -it! a '#uns ( d #&i'i# i& ! did n#t, %! " titi#n r -as virtua((* '#m" (( d t# g# t# tria(, Su'! '#m"u(si#n and t! un/usti&i d d nia( #& a '( ar statut#r* rig!t #& t! " titi#n r vitiat d t! "r#' dings as vi#(ativ #& "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, $ It a"" ars t!at t! tria( '#urt !as ) n m#v d )* a d sir t# 'at r t# "u)(i' #"ini#n t# t! d trim nt #& t! im"artia( administrati#n #& /usti' , %! " titi#n r as "#rtra* d )* t! m dia is n#t :a't(* a "#"u(ar " rs#n, N v rt! ( ss, t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d n#t !av ) n in&(u n' d )* t!is

DOROMAL v SANDIGANBAYAN :OMBUDSMAN ,02 SPECIAL PROSECUTOR< 199 SCRA 1282 GRIN1$AOKIN1; S "t m) r 9, 1282
NATURE P titi#n &#r C rti#rari

HELD 1, 67S $ A n - "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! '!arg against t! " titi#n r is in #rd r n#t #n(* ) 'aus t! &irst -as a nu((it* )ut a(s# ) 'aus t! a''us d d mands it as !is rig!t, >#r #v r, t! '!arg against !im !ad ) n '!ang d as dir 't d )* t! 1m)udsman, %! " titi#n r0s rig!t t# a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! n - '!arg is s 'ur d t# !im )* Ru( 112 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , %!at rig!t #& t! a''us d is su)stantia( and its d nia( #v r !is #""#siti#n is a "r /udi'ia( rr#r in t!at it su)/ 'ts t! a''us d t# (#ss #& (i& , (i) rt*, #r "r#" rt* -it!#ut du "r#' ss #& (a-, Sin' t! rig!t ) (#ngs t# t! a''us d, ! a(#n ma* -aiv it, I& ! d mands it, t! Stat ma* n#t -it!!#(d it, 4#- v r, as t! a)s n' #& a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t a gr#und t# 3uas! t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, t! "r#' dings u"#n su'! in&#rmati#n in t! Sandigan)a*an s!#u(d ) ! (d in a) *an' and t! 'as s!#u(d ) r mand d t# t! #&&i' #& t! 1m)udsman &#r !im #r t! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n,

Criminal Procedure
2, N1 $ Sin' t! " titi#n r is an in'um) nt "u)(i' #&&i'ia( '!arg d in a va(id in&#rmati#n -it! an #&& ns "unis!a)( und r t! C#nstituti#n and t! (a-s, t! (a-0s '#mmand t!at ! As!a(( ) sus" nd d &r#m #&&i' B " nd nt (it must ) #) * d, 4is a""r#v d ( av #& a)s n' s!#u(d n#t ) a )ar t# !is "r v ntiv sus" nsi#n &#r, as indi'at d )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, and a""r#v d ( av , -! t! r it ) &#r a &i: d #& ind &init " ri#d ma* ) 'an' (( d #r s!#rt n d at -i(( )* t! in'um) nt, 4#- v r, sin' t! "r v ntiv sus" nsi#n !as :' d d t! r as#na)( ma:imum " ri#d #& nin t* da*s "r#vid d in S 'ti#n 42 #& t! Civi( S rvi' ; 'r #& t! P!i(i""in s, it s!#u(d n#- ) (i&t d, D+-)$-+'+v% P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n is grant d,

a2010 page 4"

"r#)a)( 'aus :ists; and t! r &#r , a -arrant #& arr st s!#u(d ) issu d,R 4#- v r, - ar una)( t# s !#- r s"#nd nt /udg arriv d at su'! ru(ing, 5 !av "ainsta.ing(* :amin d t! r '#rds and - 'ann#t &ind an* su""#rt &#r !is '#n'(usi#n, 1n t! '#ntrar*, - dis' rn a num) r #& r as#ns -!* - '#nsid r t! vid n' su)mitt d t# ) insu&&i'i nt &#r a &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus against " titi#n rs, $ %! PACC r (i s ! avi(* #n t! s-#rn stat m nt #& S 'urit* Guard Km)a( -!# su""#s d(* '#n& ss d !is "arti'i"ati#n in t! a(( g d .idna""ing and murd r #& @an %- st, F#r #n , t! r is s ri#us d#u)t #n @an %- stQs r "#rt d d at! sin' t! corpus delicti !as n#t ) n sta)(is! d, n#r !av !is r mains ) n r '#v r d, Km)a( '(aims t!at @an %- st -as '#m"( t (* )urn d int# as! s -it! t! us #& gas#(in and ru)) r tir s &r#m ar#und t n #Q'(#'. in t! v ning t# si: #Q'(#'. t! n :t m#rning, %!is is !ig!(* im"r#)a)( , i& n#t ridi'u(#us, A !uman )#d* 'ann#t ) "u(v ri8 d int# as! s )* sim"(* )urning it -it! t! us #& gas#(in and ru)) r tir s in an #" n &i (d, 7v n 'r mat#ria us ntir (* '(#s d in'in rat#rs -! r t! '#r"s is su)/ 't d t# int ns ! at, %! r a&t r, t! r mains und rg# a "r#' ss -! r t! )#n s ar '#m"( t (* gr#und t# dust, $ Strang (*, i& n#t a-.-ard(*, a&t r @an %- stQs r "#rt d a)du'ti#n -!i'! 'u(minat d in !is d 'imati#n )* 'r mati#n, !is '#uns ( '#ntinu d t# r "r s nt !im ) &#r /udi'ia( and 3uasi$/udi'ia( "r#' dings, 4 n' , v n Asst, S#(i'it#r G n ra( 7st# sta ) (i v s t!at '#uns ( #& @an %- st d#u)t d t! (att rQs d at!, $ @ ri(*, r s"#nd nt /udg '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in issuing t! -arrant &#r t! arr st #& " titi#n rs it a"" aring t!at ! did n#t " rs#na((* :amin t! vid n' n#r did ! 'a(( &#r t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s in t! &a' #& t! ir in'r di)( a''#unts, Inst ad, ! m r (* r (i d #n t! ' rti&i'ati#n #& t! "r#s 'ut#rs t!at "r#)a)( 'aus :ist d, F#r, #t! r-is , ! -#u(d !av &#und #ut t!at t! vid n' t!us &ar "r s nt d -as utt r(* insu&&i'i nt t# -arrant t! arr st #& " titi#n rs, $ In !oliven v. (akasiar, - said t!at t! /udg <a= s!a(( " rs#na((* va(uat t! r "#rt and t! su""#rting d#'um nts su)mitt d )* t! &is'a( r garding t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus and, #n t! )asis t! r #&, issu a -arrant #& arr st; #r, <)= i& #n t! )asis t! r #& ! &inds n# "r#)a)( 'aus , ma* disr gard t! &is'a(Qs r "#rt and r 3uir t! su)missi#n #& su""#rting a&&idavits #& -itn ss s t# aid !im in arriving at a '#n'(usi#n #n t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , $ In People v. *nting, - m"!asi8 d t! im"#rtant & atur s #& t! '#nstituti#na( mandat C <a= %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus is a &un'ti#n #& t! /udg ; it is n#t &#r t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( #r "r#s 'ut#r t# as' rtain, 1n(* t! /udg and t! /udg a(#n ma. s t!is d t rminati#n; <)= %! "r (iminar* in3uir* mad )* a "r#s 'ut#r d# s n#t )ind t! /udg , It m r (* assists !im in ma.ing t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus , %! /udg d# s n#t !av t# &#((#- -!at t! "r#s 'ut#r "r s nts t# !im, B* its (&, t! "r#s 'ut#rQs ' rti&i'ati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus is in && 'tua(, It is t! r "#rt, t! a&&idavits, t! trans'ri"t #& st n#gra"!i' n#t s <i& an*=, and a(( #t! r su""#rting d#'um nts ) !ind t! "r#s 'ut#rQs ' rti&i'ati#n -!i'! ar mat ria( in assisting t! /udg in !is d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus ; and, <'= +udg s and "r#s 'ut#rs a(i. s!#u(d distinguis! t! "r (iminar* in3uir* -!i'! d t rmin s "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st &r#m t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r -!i'! as' rtains -! t! r t! #&& nd r s!#u(d ) ! (d &#r tria( #r r ( as d, 7v n i& t! t-# in3uiri s ) '#ndu't d in t! '#urs #& #n and t! sam "r#' ding, t! r s!#u(d ) n# '#n&usi#n a)#ut t! ir #)/ 'tiv s, %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)(

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'aus &#r t! -arrant is mad )* t! /udg , %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r -! t! r #r n#t t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d is gui(t* #& t! #&& ns '!arg d and t! r &#r , -! t! r #r n#t ! s!#u(d ) su)/ 't d t# t! :" ns , rig#rs and m)arrassm nt #& tria( is a &un'ti#n #& t! "r#s 'ut#r, ) A>>ADA DACTR*@# *f upon the filing of the information in court& the trial judge& after reviewing the information and the document attached thereto& finds that no probable cause e+ists& he must either call for the complainant and the witnesses themselves or simpl' dismiss the case. There is no reason to hold the accused for trial and further e+pose him to an open and public accusation of the crime when no probable cause e+ists. Dispositive P titi#n grant d

ALLADO v DIOINO 232 SCRA 122 B7??1SI??1; >a* 5, 1224

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n -it! "ra* r &#r a t m"#rar* r straining #rd r FACTS $ P titi#n rs ;i#sdad# +#s A((ad# and R#) rt# ?, > nd#8a, a(umni #& t! C#(( g #& ?a-, Kniv rsit* #& t! P!i(i""in s, ar "artn rs #& t! ?a- Firm #& Sa(#nga, 4 rnand 8 and A((ad#, In t! "ra'ti' #& t! ir "r#& ssi#n, and #n t! )asis #& an a(( g d :tra/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n #& a s 'urit* guard <Km)a(=, t! * !av ) n a''us d #& t! ! in#us 'rim #& .idna""ing -it! murd r #& a G rman nati#na( nam d @an %- st )* t! Pr sid ntia( Anti$ Crim C#mmissi#n <PACC= and #rd r d arr st d -it!#ut )ai( )* r s"#nd nt /udg , $ P titi#n rs &i( d t!is " titi#n and "rin'i"a((* '#nt nd d t!at r s"#nd nt /udg a't d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n and in :' ss #& /urisdi'ti#n in R-!imsi'a((* !#(ding t!at t! r is "r#)a)( 'aus against " titi#n rs -it!#ut d t rmining t! admissi)i(it* #& t! vid n' against " titi#n rs and -it!#ut v n stating t! )asis #& !is &indings,R and in Rr (*ing #n t! R s#(uti#n #& t! Pan ( and t! ir ' rti&i'ati#n t!at "r#)a)( 'aus :ists -! n t! ' rti&i'ati#n is &(a- d,R P titi#n rs maintain t!at t! r '#rds #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -!i'! r s"#nd nt /udg s#( (* r (i d u"#n &ai( d t# sta)(is! "r#)a)( 'aus against t! m t# /usti&* t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, P titi#n rs (i. -is assai( t! "r#s 'ut#rsQ R'( ar sign #& )ias and "artia(it*,R $ 1n t! #t! r !and, t! 1&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( argu s t!at t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus is a &un'ti#n #& t! /udg -!# is m r (* r 3uir d t# " rs#na((* a""r 'iat ' rtain &a'ts t# '#nvin' !im t!at t! a''us d "r#)a)(* '#mmitt d t! 'rim '!arg d, ISSUE 51N t! r s"#nd nt /udg '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in t! "r (iminar* in3uir* -!i'! d t rmin s "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st HELD $ In t! 1rd r #& r s"#nd nt /udg , it is :"r ss(* stat d t!at RDtE!is '#urt a&t r 'ar &u( va(uati#n #& t! vid n' #n r '#rd, ) (i v s and ru( s t!at

ROBERTS v CA 254 SCRA 309 ;A@I;7, +R; >ar'! 5, 1226

FACTS $ S v ra( t!#usand !#(d rs #& A342B P "si 'r#-ns in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! Num) r F v r Pr#m#ti#n &i( d -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r #& Ou 8#n Cit* '#m"(aints against t! " titi#n r #&&i'ia(s #& P7PSI, $ %! " titi#n rs &i( d -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r a m#ti#n &#r t! r '#nsid rati#n #& t! +#int R s#(uti#n and -it! t! ;1+ a P titi#n &#r R vi -, %! " titi#n rs a(s# >#ti#ns t# Sus" nd Pr#' dings and t# !#(d in A) *an' Issuan' #& 5arrants #& Arr st #n t! gr#und t!at t! * !ad &i( d t! a&#r said P titi#n &#r R vi -, $ R s"#nd nt +udg Asun'i#n issu d t! '!a(( ng d #rd r <1= d n*ing t! " titi#n rs0 >#ti#n t# Sus" nd Pr#' dings and t# 4#(d In A) *an' Issuan' #& 5arrants #& Arr st and t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r0s >#ti#n t# ; & r Arraignm nt and <2= dir 'ting t! issuan' #& t! -arrants #& arr st Aa&t r and s tting t! arraignm nt #n 28 +un 1223, $ %! " titi#n rs &i( d -it! t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r certiorari and "r#!i)iti#n -it! a""(i'ati#n &#r a t m"#rar* r straining #rd r, %! * '#nt nd d t! r in t!at r s"#nd nt +udg Asun'i#n !ad a't d -it!#ut #r in :' ss #& /urisdi'ti#n #r -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in issuing t! a&#r m nti#n d #rd r, $ %! C#urt #& A"" a(s t! n issu d a r s#(uti#n d n*ing t! a""(i'ati#n &#r a -rit #& "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n, ISSUE 51N "u)(i' r s"#nd nt +udg Asun'i#n '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in #rd ring t! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st -it!#ut :amining t! r '#rds #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, HELD 67S, $ S 'ti#n 2, Arti'( III #& t! "r s nt C#nstituti#n "r#vid s t!at n# s ar'! -arrant #r -arrant #& arr st s!a(( issu :' "t u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) d t rmin d " rs#na((* )* t! /udg a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , $ %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus is a &un'ti#n #& t! +udg , It is n#t &#r t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( #r Pr#s 'ut#r n#r t! 7( 'ti#n Su" rvis#r t# as' rtain, Anl' the Kudge and the Kudge alone makes this determination.

Criminal Procedure
$ %! "r (iminar* in3uir* mad )* a Pr#s 'ut#r d# s n#t )ind t! +udg , It m r (* assists !im t# ma. t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus , %! +udg d# s n#t !av t# &#((#- -!at t! Pr#s 'ut#r "r s nts t# !im, B* its (&, t! Pr#s 'ut#r0s ' rti&i'ati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus is in && 'tua(, It is t! r "#rt, t! a&&idavits, t! trans'ri"ts #& st n#gra"!i' n#t s <i& an*=, and a(( #t! r su""#rting d#'um nts ) !ind t! Pr#s 'ut#r0s ' rti&i'ati#n -!i'! ar mat ria( in assisting t! +udg t# ma. !is d t rminati#n, $ %! t a'!ings #& t! 'as s #& !olivenC& *nting:& >imE& Allado& and /ebb r / 't t! "r#"#siti#n t!at t! inv stigating "r#s 'ut#r0s ' rti&i'ati#n in an in&#rmati#n #r !is r s#(uti#n -!i'! is mad t! )asis &#r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n, #r )#t!, -#u(d su&&i' in t! /udi'ia( d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st, $ In t! "r s nt 'as , n#t!ing a''#m"ani d t! in&#rmati#n u"#n its &i(ing -it! t! tria( '#urt, C( ar(*, -! n r s"#nd nt +udg Asun'i#n issu d t! assai( d #rd r dir 'ting, am#ng #t! r t!ings, t! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st, ! !ad #n(* t! in&#rmati#n, am nd d in&#rmati#n, and +#int R s#(uti#n as )as s t! r #&, 4 did n#t !av t! r '#rds #r vid n' su""#rting t! "r#s 'ut#r0s &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus , And strang (* n#ug!, ! mad n# s" 'i&i' &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus ; ! m r (* dir 't d t! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st, It ma*, !#- v r, ) argu d t!at t! dir 'tiv "r su""#s s a &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus , But t! n '#m"(ian' -it! a '#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nt &#r t! "r#t 'ti#n #& individua( (i) rt* 'ann#t ) ( &t t# "r su""#siti#n, '#n/ 'tur , #r v n '#nvin'ing (#gi',

a2010 page 50
sam -as issu d -it!#ut "r#)a)( 'aus , $ %! r s"#nd nt /udg issu d an #rd r dismissing t! 'as against Bi((* C r)# and r 'a((ing t! -arrant &#r !is arr st, $ %! C#urt #& A"" a(s d )un. d t! " titi#n r0s ass rti#n t!at t! tria( /udg '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n and t!at t! vid n' "r s nt d t!us &ar did n#t su)stantiat t! '!arg ,, 4 n' t!is " titi#n, ISSUE 51N t! CA rr d in &inding t!at n# "r#)a)( 'aus :ists t# m rit t! &i(ing #& '!arg s against "rivat r s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)#

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ In +u(* 1291, a '#m"(aint and a +#int A&&idavit - r &i( d dir 't(* )* R nat# >#nt s and +#s d Si(va against >anu ( ?a'#ni'#, %! '#m"(aint '!arg d t! (att r -it! sta&a in t! am#unt #& P1S, Pr (iminar* inv stigati#n <n#- in 3u sti#n= -as '#ndu't d )* r s"#nd nt +udg #& t! Cir'uit Crimina( C#urt, and t! r a&t r issu d a -arrant #& arr st, 4 #rd r d Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( t# &i( t! '#rr s"#nding in&#rmati#n against t! r s"#nd nt ) &#r t! '#urt #& '#m" t nt /urisdi'ti#n -it!in 24 !#urs &r#m r ' i"t #& said #rd r, $ Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &ai( d t# &i( t! in&#rmati#n r 3uir d -it!in t! tim a""#int d, #r at an* tim t! r a&t r, C#ns 3u nt(*, ! -as dir 't d )* 4is 4#n#r t# :"(ain -it!in 10 da*s R-!* ! s!#u(d n#t ) "unis! d &#r '#nt m"t #& '#urt &#r d (a*ing t! s" d* administrati#n #& /usti' &#r dis#) *ing a (a-&u( #rd r #& t! C#urt,R Fis'a( &i( d a >FR, )ut -as d ni d, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n -as "r s nt d )* " titi#n r Fis'a(, s .ing annu(m nt #& t! a&#r said #rd rs, ISSUES 1,51N r s"#nd nt /udg !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns, ) 'aus t! (a- 'r ating Cir'uit Crimina( C#urts, R,A, 5192, did n#t '#n& r #n said '#urts t! "#- r t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns 2, 51N /udg rr d in '#m" ((ing &is'a( und r san'ti#n #& '#nt m"t, t# &i( an in&#rmati#n in '#urt -it!#ut '#ndu'ting !is #-n "r (iminar* inv stigati#n HELD 1, 67S Ratio; %! '#ndu't #& a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t a /udi'ia( &un'ti#n )ut "art #& t! &is'a(0s /#), a &un'ti#n #& t! : 'utiv , 5! r v r t! r ar n#ug! &is'a(s #r "r#s 'ut#rs t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns, '#urts ar '#uns ( d t# ( av t!is /#) -!i'! is ss ntia((* : 'utiv t# t! m, and t! &a't t!at a ' rtain "#- r is grant d d# s n#t n ' ssari(* m an t!at it s!#u(d ) indis'riminat (* : r'is d, Reasoning; DaE S ', 39 #& BP, 122 r it rat d t! r m#va( &r#m +udg s #& > tr#"#(itan %ria( C#urts in t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( R gi#n #& t! aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns and S ' 2 #& Ru( 112 #& 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur n# (#ng r aut!#ri8 s R%C +udg s t# '#ndu't PIs, D)E %! assignm nt #& PI &un'ti#n t# /udg s #& in& ri#r '#urts and t# a v r* (imit d :t nt t# '#urts #& &irst instan' -as di'tat d )* n ' ssit* and "ra'ti'a( '#nsid rati#ns, and t! '#ns 3u nt "#(i'*, -as t!at -! r v r t! r - r n#ug! &is'a(s #r "r#s 'ut#rs t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns, '#urts - r t# ( av t!at /#) -!i'! is ss ntia((* : 'utiv t# t! m, It &#((#-s t!at t! '#n'(usi#ns d riv d )* a /udg &r#m !is #-n inv stigati#n 'ann#t ) su" ri#r t# and '#n'(usiv (* )inding #n t! &is'a( #r "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, in -!#m t!at &un'ti#n is "rin'i"a((* and m#r (#gi'a((* (#dg d, 2, 67S %! "#- r t# '#ndu't PI is (#dg d in t! &is'a(, It is grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n #n a /udg t# s . t# &#r '(#s t! &is'a(Qs "r r#gativ t# '#ndu't !is #-n "r (iminar* inv stigati#n t# d t rmin &#r !ims (& t! :ist n' #r n#n$ :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , and t# r 3uir !im t# s!#'aus &#r n#t &i(ing t! in&#rmati#n -it!in 24 !#urs, #n t! s#( )asis #& t! +udg Qs '#n'(usi#ns, %! &is'a( !as t! dut* t# satis&* !ims (& #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , and '#u(d n#t s!ir. #r ) mad t# vad it

PEOPLE v CA :CERBO< <R "u)(i' v CA in "ag 5 #& t! #ut(in = 301 SCRA 495 PANGANIBAN- +anuar* 21, 1222
NATURE P titi#n &#r R vi FACTS $ Privat R s"#nd nt +#nat!an C r)# s!#t, at "#int)(an. rang , R#sa(inda ;* in t! "r s n' and at t! #&&i' #& !is &at! r "rivat r s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)#, $ An in&#rmati#n &#r murd r -as &i( d against +#nat!an C r)#, $ %! daug!t r #& t! vi'tim : 'ut d an a&&idavit$'#m"(aint '!arging "rivat r s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)# #& '#ns"ira'* in t! .i((ing, $ A''#rding(*, t! "r#s 'uti#n &i( d an am nd d in&#rmati#n in'(uding Bi((* C r)# in t! murd r 'as , A -arrant &#r !is arr st -as (at r issu d, $ Bi((* C r)# &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! -arrant #& arr st arguing t!at t!
3
%! +udg d# s n#t !av t# " rs#na((* :amin t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s, %! Pr#s 'ut#r 'an " r&#rm t! sam &un'ti#ns as a '#mmissi#n r &#r t! ta.ing #& t! vid n' , 4#- v r, t! r s!#u(d ) a report and necessar' documents supporting the 1iscal,s bare certification. All of these should be before the Kudge. 4 %! su""#rting d#'um nts ma* '#nsist #&, vi".& At! a&&idavits, t! trans'ri"ts #& st n#gra"!i' n#t s <i& an*=, and a(( #t! r su""#rting d#'um nts ) !ind t! Pr#s 'ut#r0s ' rti&i'ati#n -!i'! ar mat ria( in assisting t! +udg t# ma. his d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus

HELD 67S $ %! " titi#n is m rit#ri#us, $ %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus during "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is a &un'ti#n t!at ) (#ngs t# t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, It is an e+ecutive &un'ti#n, $ %! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r !as t! 3uasi$/udi'ia( aut!#rit* t# d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t a 'rimina( 'as must ) &i( d in '#urt, $ %! primar' objective #& a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is t# &r r s"#nd nt &r#m t! in'#nv ni n' , :" ns , ign#min*, and str ss #& d & nding !ims (&M! rs (& in t! '#urs #& a &#rma( tria(, unti( t! r as#na)( "r#)a)i(it* #& !is #r ! r gui(t in a m#r #r ( ss summar* "r#' ding )* a '#m" t nt #&&i' d signat d )* (a- &#r t!at "ur"#s , 6 $ S '#ndari(*, su'! summar* "r#' ding a(s# "r#t 'ts t! stat &r#m t! )urd n #& t! unn ' ssar* :" ns #& an &&#rt in "r#s 'uting a(( g d #&& ns s and in !#(ding tria(s arising &r#m &a(s , &riv#(#us, #r gr#und( ss '!arg s,9 $ %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# !#(d a " rs#n &#r tria( must ) distinguis! d &r#m t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# issu a -arrant #& arr st, -!i'! is a judicial &un'ti#n, $ A /udg 'ann#t ) '#m" (( d t# issu a -arrant #& arr st i& ! #r s! d ms t!at t! r is n# "r#)a)( 'aus &#r d#ing s#, $ C#rr#((ari(*, t! /udg s!#u(d n#t #v rrid t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r0s d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# !#(d an a''us d &#r tria(, #n t! gr#und t!at t! vid n' "r s nt d t# su)stantiat t! issuan' #& an arr st -arrant -as insu&&i'i nt, as in t! "r s nt 'as , $ %! r &#r , i& t! in&#rmati#n is va(id #n its &a' , and t! r is n# s!#-ing #& mani& st rr#r, grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n and "r /udi' #n t! "art #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d r s" 't su'! d t rminati#n, Dispositive R v rs d,

CASTILLO v >ILLALUZ 191 SCRA 32 NAR@ASA; >ar'! 8, 1282

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS
6 7

%! issuan' #& t! -arrants #& arr st )* a /udg s#( (* #n t! )asis #& t! "r#s 'ut#r0s ' rti&i'ati#n in t! in&#rmati#n t!at t! r :ist d "r#)a)( 'aus , -it!#ut !aving ) &#r !im an* #t! r )asis &#r !is " rs#na( d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& a "r#)a)( 'aus , is nu(( and v#id,

? d sma v, CA, 298 SCRA 659, S "t, 5, 1229, *d.

Criminal Procedure
)* an unr as#ning and indis'riminat r (ian' #n t! /udg Qs inv stigati#n, Dispositive= P titi#n GRAN%7;, C!a(( ng d 1rd rs annu(( d and s t asid ,

a2010 page 51
$& '(% l,?, +' .,00$' @% -,+2 '(,' '(% *+9(' '$ .*$---%C,/+0% +9u,*,0'%%2 ,0 ,..u-%2 ,' '(% -',9% $& )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0# ISSUE 51N '#uns ( &#r " titi#n r '#u(d r 'a(( -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! "ur"#s #& as.ing '(ari&i'at#r* 3u sti#ns <t!at ! '#u(d v r* - (( d# -! n t! * t sti&* t# "r#v vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng= HELD 67S, C#uns ( '#u(d r 'a(( t! -itn ss s, $ %! +udg +--u%2 t! d nia( &#r )ai( $0 '(% @,-+- $& '(% /$'+$0 $& )%'+'+$0%* '(,' (% @% 9*,0'%2 -u.( *+9(' ,02 '(% $))$-+'+$0 &+l%2 @y '(% F+*-' A--+-',0' P*$v+0.+,l F+-.,l ?+'($u' .$02u.'+09 ,0y (%,*+09 $0 -u.( /$'+$0# Cl%,*ly, (% ,.'%2 $0 '(% /+-',J%0 @%l+%& '(,' '(% )*%-%0','+$0 $& %v+2%0.% @y '(% )*$-%.u'+$0 &$* '(% )u*)$-% $& '(% +--u,0.% $& '(% ?,**,0' $& ,**%-', '(% )*%l+/+0,*y %C,/+0,'+$0 )*$)%*, -u&&+.%- &$* '(% 2%0+,l $& '(% )l%, &$* @,+l# In t! (at st 'as #n t! su)/ 't, P #"( v, S#(a, d 'id d #n >ar'! 19, 1281, t!is C#urt r (*ing #n P #"( v, San ;i g#, nu((i&i d an #rd r #& a muni'i"a( /udg nam d r s"#nd nt in t!at 'as as ! grant d )ai( t# t! a''us d -it!#ut ! aring t! "r#s 'uti#n, T(% )*%-%0' .,-% +- /u.( -'*$09%*; +' +- '(% ,..u-%2 (+/-%l&, '(% %C)l+.+' @%0%&+.+,*y $& '(% .$0-'+'u'+$0,l *+9(', ?($ ?,0$' (%,*2# $ %! r -as misa""r ! nsi#n #n t! "art #& r s"#nd nt +udg #& t! im"#rt #& t! ru(ing in 1'am"# v, B rna) 'iting t!at A T(% *%9ul,* '*+,l +-, '$ , l+/+'%2 %C'%0' ,' l%,-', ,0'+.+),'%2# "(+l% '(% 9u+l' $* +00$.%0.% $& '(% ,..u-%2 +- 0$' '$ @% 2%'%*/+0%2, '(% Du,0'+'y ,02 .(,*,.'%* $& '(% )*$$&- $0 '(+- )$+0' ,*%, &$* '(% -)%.+,l )u*)$-% +0 (,02, 0%.%--,*+ly .$0-+2%*%2# 1''asi#na((* mu'! tim is t!us '#nsum d, and t! '#urtQs att nti#n is '#rr s"#nding(* div rt d &r#m #t! r )usin ss, But t! s #)/ 'ti#ns 'ann#t avai( against a "#sitiv '#nstituti#na( '#mmand; i& t! C#nstituti#n r 3uir s t! '#urt t# d t rmin &#r its (& -! t! r #r n#t t! "r##& is vid nt #r "r sum"ti#n gr at in a giv n 'as , a(( '#nsid rati#ns #& :" di n'* #r '#nv ni n' , !#- v r "#t nt t! * mig!t ) at t! '#mm#n (a-, must giv -a*,QR %!is is s# ) 'aus '(% )*$.%2u*% '$ @% &$ll$?%2 +0 '(% (%,*+09 $0 ,0 ,))l+.,'+$0 &$* @,+l, ?(+l% -u//,*y +0 .(,*,.'%*, +- 0$' '$ @% , /%*% -(,/ $* )*%'%0-%# I' /u-' 0$' @% ,0 %C%*.+-% +0 &u'+l+'y# T(% ,..u-%2 +- 0$' '$ @% 2%0+%2 (+- 2,y +0 .$u*'# $ 5!i( it '#u(d ) said t!at '(,' '(% *%&u-,l $& '(% Ju-'+.% $& '(% P%,.% '$ ,ll$? '(% 2%&%0-% '$ .*$---%C,/+0% '(% )*$-%.u'+$0M- ?+'0%--%)*%-%0'%2 )*+$* '$ )%'+'+$0%*M- ,**%-', .,00$' @% u'+l+7%2 ,- ,*9u/%0' &$* '(% .$0'%0'+$0 '(,' '(% )*$-%.u'+$0 -($ul2 0$' (,v% @%%0 ,ll$?%2 '$ .*$---%C,/+0% '(% 2%&%0-% ?+'0%--%- ,02 '(,' ,0 ,..u-%2 +- 0$' %0'+'l%2 '$ .*$---%C,/+0% '(% ?+'0%--%- )*%-%0'%2 ,9,+0-' (+/ +0 '(% )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0 @%&$*% (+- ,**%-', '(+- @%+09 , /,''%* '(,' 2%)%02- $0 '(% -$u02 2+-.*%'+$0 $& '(% Ju29% $* +0v%-'+9,'+09 $&&+.%* .$0.%*0%2 <P #"( v, Rami(#, [; 3uit# v, Ar ((an#, Bust#s v, ?u' r#= +' .$ul2 -'+ll @% ,*9u%2 '(,' '(% 8u29% +- 0$' , /+0+-'%*+,l $&&+.%* *%2u.%2 '$ *%.$*2+09 ?(,' ',J%- )l,.% ,02 ?(,' ?+'0%--%-,y +0 '(% %C,/+0,'+$0# A@$v% ,ll, (+- +- '(% 9*%,' *%-)$0-+@+l+'y $& -,&%9u,*2+09 '(% ,..u-%2 &*$/ 9*$u02l%-- $* v+02+.'+v% )*$-%.u'+$0# I& t! /usti' #& t! " a' is t# as' rtain, as ! must, -! t! r a 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d and, i& s#, -! t! r t! r is "r#)a)( 'aus t!at t! a''us d '#mmitt d it, !is aut!#rit* 'ann#t ) '#n&in d as

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

in a straig!t /a'. t t# t! sti&&n ss #& m di va( and #utm#d d t '!ni'a(iti s #& "ra'ti' , It t!us a"" ars '( ar(* t!at in t! : r'is #& !is dis'r ti#n r s"#nd nt +udg '#u(d !av grant d t! r 3u st and t!us av#id d t! n ' ssit* #& a " titi#n #& t!is '!ara't r !aving t# ) &i( d, T(% +0'%*%-' $& , /$*% -)%%2y ,02 , /$*% %&&+.+%0' ,2/+0+-'*,'+$0 $& 8u-'+.% ?$ul2 @% @%-' -%*v%2 +& '(%*% +- , 9*%,'%* ,?,*%0%-- $0 '(% ),*' $& 8u29%'(,' +0 ,22+'+$0 '$ -,&%9u,*2+09 '(% %C)*%-- *+9('- $& ,0 ,..u-%2 )%*-$0, , /,''%* /,02,'%2 @y '(% C$0-'+'u'+$0 $* '(% Rul%- $& C$u*', '(%y -($ul2 l+J%?+-% %C%*.+-% '(%+* 2+-.*%'+$0 +0 -u.( , ?,y '(,' '(% )u*)$-% $& , )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0, '(% ,v$+2,0.% $& 9*$u02l%-$* v+02+.'+v% )*$-%.u'+$0-, .$ul2 @% ,'',+0%2 +0 ,- &,+* ,02 $@8%.'+v% /,00%* ,- )$--+@l%# Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! -rit #& ' rti#rari is grant d, %! #rd r #& r s"#nd nt +udg d n*ing )ai( is s t asid , 4 , #r -!# v r is n#- t! >uni'i"a( +udg #& Santa Cru8, >arindu3u , must s t &#rt!-it! t! ! aring #n t! a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( #& " titi#n r, t# ) '#ndu't d in a''#rdan' -it! t! r 3uir m nts #& t! C#nstituti#n, t! Ru( s #& C#urt, and t!is #"ini#n, N# '#sts,

SEPARATE OPINION CRUZ G.$0.u**+09H

$ %! &is'a( "r vai(s #v r t! /udg #n(* in t! d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& a "rima &a'i 'as t# /usti&* t! &i(ing #& a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, %!is tas. is : 'utiv , $ But t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# /usti&* t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrant #r a -arrant #& arr st is t! '#nstituti#na( "r r#gativ #& t! /udg and ma* n#t ) -it!dra-n &r#m !im #r v n #n(* (imit d )* statut #r R1C, %!is tas. is /udi'ia(, %! &indings #& &is'a( in t! PI d# n#t '#ntr#( #r &#r '(#s t! : r'is #& t! "#- r '#n& rr d " rs#na((* #n t! /udg und r S ', 2 t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts, %!at "#- r is !is a(#n ,

BALGOS v SANDIGANBAYAN DSKPRA, PAG7 34E RODIL v GARCIA 104 SCRA 362 F7RNAN;1; >a* 13, 1281
NATURE 5rit #& C rti#rari FACTS $C#uns ( &#r R *na(d# R#di( -!# -as '!arg d -it! murd r, as.s t# r 'a(( -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n t# na)( su'! '#uns ( t# 'r#ss$ :amin t! m, #n, t# 3u#t !is -#rds, R'(ari&i'at#r* and am"(i&i'at#r* matt rsR -!i'! -as d ni d )* >uni'i"a( +udg S gund# >, Gar'ia #& Sta, Cru8, >arindu3u , $5!at is "ra* d &#r is n#t #n(* t!at su'! #rd r d n*ing '#uns (Qs r 3u st t# r 'a(( g#v rnm nt -itn ss s ) s t asid and nu((i&i d, )ut a(s# t!at )ai( ) grant d " titi#n r, a " titi#n t# t!at && 't !aving ) n d ni d -it! a su)s 3u nt m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n sti(( und 'id d, $R s"#nd nts - r r 3uir d t# '#mm nt and t! C#urt (i. -is issu d a t m"#rar* r straining #rd r, Su'! a '#mm nt -as su)mitt d #n ) !a(& #& r s"#nd nts )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( s .ing t! dismissa( #& t! " titi#n #n t! gr#und t!at '(% *+9(' '$ .*$---%C,/+0% +0 , )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0 +- 0$' , *+9(' 9*,0'%2 ,0 ,..u-%2 ,02 '(,' '(% %C%*.+-% $& 2+-.*%'+$0 @y *%-)$02%0' Ju29% .$0-+2%*+09 '(% %v+2%0.% $& *%.$*2 -u&&+.%2 '$ 8u-'+&y 2%0+,l $& '(% ,))l+.,'+$0 &$* @,+l# $An :aminati#n #& t! r '#rd, as - (( as t! " rtin nt d#'trin s, ma. s vid nt t!at t! 8u*+-2+.'+$0,l +--u% )$-%2 ,*+-%- &*$/ '(% &,+lu*% '$ ,..$*2 )%'+'+$0%* , (%,*+09 $0 (+- ,))l+.,'+$0 &$* @,+l, $A r s#(uti#n #& t!at 3u sti#n in t! s ns #& r s"#nd nt +udg a&&#rding " titi#n r !is da* in '#urt is 3ua((* d 'isiv #& t! #t! r issu , -! t! r #r n#t '#uns ( &#r " titi#n r '#u(d r 'a(( -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! "ur"#s #& as.ing '(ari&i'at#r* 3u sti#ns, %!at ! '#u(d v r* - (( d# -! n t! * t sti&* t# "r#v vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, U02%* '(% )*%-%0' -','%

PANGANDAMAN v CASAR 152 SCRA 522 NAR@ASA; A"ri( 14, 1288

FACTS $ 1n +u(* 29, 1285, a s!##ting in'id nt #''urr d in Panta#, >asiu, ?ana# d ( Sur, -!i'! ( &t at ( ast &iv " rs#ns d ad and t-# #t! rs -#und d, 5!at in &a't trans"ir d is sti(( un'( ar, A''#rding t# #n v rsi#n, arm d m n !ad atta'. d a r sid n' in Panta#, >asiu, -it! )#t! atta'. rs and d & nd rs su&& ring 'asua(ti s, An#t! r v rsi#n !as it t!at a gr#u" t!at -as #n its -a* t# an#t! r "(a' , ?a(a)uan, a(s# in >asiu, !ad ) n am)us! d $ %! n :t da*, a (a-* r <Att*, Batuam"ar= #& #n #& t! -id#-s &i( d a ( tt r$'#m"(aint -it! t! &is'a(, as.ing &#r a A&u(( )(ast "r (iminar* inv stigati#nB, %! ( tt r adv rt d t# t! "#ssi)i(it* #& inn#' nt " rs#ns ) ing im"(i'at d )* t! "arti s inv#(v d #n )#t! sid s n#n #& -!#m -as, !#- v r, id nti&i d and "r#mis d t!at su""#rting a&&idavits -#u(d s!#rt(* ) &i( d, Imm diat (* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( addr ss d a R1st ind#rs m ntR t# t! r s"#nd nt +udg , transmitting Att*, Batuam"arQs ( tt r and r 3u sting t!at Ra(( 'as s t!at ma* ) &i( d r (ativ ,, <t# t! in'id nt= t!at !a"" n d in t! a&t rn##n #& +u(* 29, 1285,R ) &#r-ard d t# !is #&&i' , -!i'! R!as &irst ta. n '#gni8an' #& said 'as s, $ 1n August 10, 1285, a 'rimina( '#m"(aint &#r mu(ti"( murd r -as &i( d, 1n t! sam da*, r s"#nd nt +udg :amin d " rs#na((* t! 3 -itn ss s, %! r a&t r, t! +udg a""r#v d t! '#m"(aint and issu d a -arrant #& arr st against t! 14 " titi#n rs <-!# - r nam d )* t! -itn ss s= and 50 R+#!n ;# s, $ 1n Aug 14, 1285, an :$"art m#ti#n -as &i( d )* Att*, Batuam"ar s .ing r 'a(( #& t! -arrant #& arr st and su)s 3u nt !#(ding #& a Rt!#r#ug! inv stigati#nR #n t! gr#und t!at t! +udg Qs initia( inv stigati#n !ad ) n R!ast* and mani& st(* !a"!a8ardR -it! Rn# s ar'!ing 3u sti#nsR !aving ) n "r#"#und d, %! r s"#nd nt +udg d ni d t! m#ti#n &#r R(a'. #& )asis;R ! n' t! "r s nt " titi#n, ISSUE

Criminal Procedure
51N t! r s"#nd nt +udg !ad t! "#- r t# issu t! -arrant #& arr st -it!#ut '#m"( ting t! ntir "r s'ri) d "r#' dur &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n HELD 67S, $ 5!at t! Ru( "r#vid s is t!at n# '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n &#r an #&& ns '#gni8a)( )* t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt ma* ) &i( d -it!#ut '#m"( ting t!at "r#' dur , S ', 6 #& Ru( 112 '( ar(* aut!#ri8 s t! >%C t# issu a -arrant v n ) &#r #" ning t! s '#nd "!as , $ %!is -as 3ua((* tru und r t! &#rm r ru( s, -! r t! first phase of the investigation was e+pressl' denominated 6preliminar' e+amination6 to distinguish it from the second phase& or preliminar' investigation proper $ S ' 3 #& ru( 112 '#nsists #& 2 "!as sC $ %! &irst "!as '#nsists #& an e+)parte in3uir* int# t! su&&i'i n'* #& t! '#m"(aint and t! a&&idavits and #t! r d#'um nts #&& r d in su""#rt t! r #&, And it nds -it! t! d t rminati#n )* t! +udg it! rC <1= t!at t! r is n# gr#und t# '#ntinu -it! t! in3uir*, in -!i'! 'as ! dismiss s t! '#m"(aint and transmits t! #rd r #& dismissa(, t#g t! r -it! t! r '#rds #& t! 'as , t# t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a(; #r <2= t!at t! '#m"(aint and t! su""#rting d#'um nts s!#- su&&i'i nt 'aus t# '#ntinu -it! t! in3uir* and t!is us! rs in t! s '#nd "!as , $ %!is s '#nd "!as is d sign d t# giv t! r s"#nd nt n#ti' #& t! '#m"(aint, a'' ss t# t! '#m"(ainantQs vid n' and an #""#rtunit* t# su)mit '#unt r$a&&idavits and su""#rting d#'um nts, At t!is stag a(s#, t! +udg ma* '#ndu't a ! aring and "r#"#und t# t! "arti s and t! ir -itn ss s 3u sti#ns #n matt rs t!at, in !is vi -, n d t# ) '(ari&i d, %! s '#nd "!as '#n'(ud s -it! t! +udg r nd ring !is r s#(uti#n, it! r &#r dismissa( #& t! '#m"(aint #r !#(ding t! r s"#nd nt &#r tria(, -!i'! s!a(( ) transmitt d, t#g t! r -it! t! r '#rd, t# t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( &#r a""r#"riat a'ti#n, $ %! argum nt, t! r &#r , must ) r / 't d t!at t! r s"#nd nt +udg a't d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in issuing t! -arrant #& arr st against " titi#n rs -it!#ut &irst '#m"( ting t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in a''#rdan' -it! t! "r s'ri) d "r#' dur , %! ru( is and !as a(-a*s ) n t!at su'! issuan' n d #n(* a-ait a &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus , n#t t! '#m"( ti#n #& t! ntir "r#' dur #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n $ A(s# -it!#ut a""r 'ia)( m rit is " titi#n rsQ #t! r argum nt t!at t! r -as s'ar' (* tim t# d t rmin "r#)a)( 'aus against si:t*$&#ur " rs#ns <t! &#urt n " titi#n rs and &i&t* R;# sR= -it!in a matt r #& !#urs #n a Saturda* -! n muni'i"a( tria( '#urts ar #" n #n(* &r#m 8C00 a,m, t# 1C00 ",m, N#t!ing in t! r '#rd ) &#r t!is C#urt ) (i s #r dis'r dits t!#s a&&irmati#ns -!i'! !av , ) sid s, t! ) n &it #& t! ( ga( "r sum"ti#n t!at #&&i'ia( dut* !as ) n r gu(ar(* " r&#rm d, $ Ins#&ar, !#- v r, as said -arrant is issu d against &i&t* <50= R+#!n ;# sR n#t #n #& -!#m t! -itn ss s t# t! '#m"(aint '#u(d #r -#u(d Id nti&*, it is #& t! natur #& a g n ra( -arrant, #n #& a '(ass #& -rits (#ng "r#s'ri) d as un'#nstituti#na( and #n' anat! mati8 d as Rt#ta((* su)v rsiv #& t! (i) rt* #& t! su)/ 't,R C( ar(* vi#(ativ #& t! '#nstituti#na( in/un'ti#n t!at -arrants #& arr st s!#u(d "arti'u(ar(* d s'ri) t! " rs#n #r " rs#ns t# ) s i8 d, t! -arrant must, as r gards its unid nti&i d su)/ 'ts, ) v#id d, Dispositive 5arrants against " titi#n rs u"! (d; -arrants against +#!n ;# s d ni d

a2010 page 52
SAMULDE v SAL>ANI 165 SCRA 934 GRIX1$AOKIN1C S "t m) r 26, 1288
NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! R%C FACTS $ >uni'i"a( +udg Samu(d '#ndu't d a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n u"#n a '#m"(aint &#r r#)) r*, A&t r ma.ing a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n )as d #n t! a&&idavits #& t! '#m"(ainant and ! r -itn ss s and '#unt r$a&&idavits #& t! r s"#nd nt and !is -itn ss s, +udg Samu(d transmitt d t! r '#rds #& t! 'as t# Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( Sa(vani -it! !is &inding t!at Rt! r is prima facie vid n' #& r#)) r* as '!arg in t! '#m"(aintR, %! &is'a( r turn d t! r '#rds #n t! gr#und t!at +udg Samu(d &ai( d t# in'(ud t! -arrant #& arr st against t! a''us d as "r#vid d in S ' 5, Ru( 112 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , +udg Samu(d s nt )a'. t! r '#rds t# Fis'a( Sa(vani, 4 "#int d #ut t!at und r S ' 6, Ru( 112, ! ma* issu a -arrant #& arr st i& ! is satis&i d Rt!at a "r#)a)( 'aus :ists and t!at t! r is a n ' ssit* #& "(a'ing t! r s"#nd nt und r imm diat 'ust#d* in #rd r n#t t# &rustrat t! nds #& /usti' , R im"(*ing t!at, a(t!#ug! ! &#und t!at a "r#)a)( 'aus :ist d, ! did n#t ) (i v t!at t! a''us d s!#u(d ) imm diat (* "(a' d und r 'ust#d*, 4 n' , ! r &us d t# issu a -arrant #& arr st, $ A s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n #& mandamus -as &i( d in t! R%C )* Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( Sa(vani against +udg Samu(d t# '#m" ( t! (att r t# issu a -arrant #& arr st, %! R%C dismiss d t! " titi#n )ut n v rt! ( ss #rd r d +udg Samu(d t# issu a -arrant #& arr st, and t# transmit t! -arrant t# t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &#r a""r#"riat a'ti#n, 4 &urt! r advis d t! >uni'i"a( +udg Rt!at ! n' &#rt! ! ad! r s t# t! sam ru( in simi(ar 'as s -! r ! '#ndu'ts a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n -it! a &inding #& a prima facie #r "r#)a)( 'aus ,R Kn'#nvin' d, +udg Samu(d a"" a( d t# t!is C#urt, ISSUE 51N a /udg ma* ) '#m" (( d t# issu a -arrant #& arr st u"#n a &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus HELD N1 Ratio 3 '#nditi#ns must '#n'ur &#r t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, %! inv stigating /udg mustC <a= !av :amin d in -riting and und r #at! t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s )* s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs; <)= ) satis&i d t!at a "r#)a)( 'aus :ists; and <'= t!at t! r is a n d t# "(a' t! r s"#nd nt und r imm diat 'ust#d* in #rd r n#t t# &rustrat t! nds #& /usti' , Reasoning %! mandat#r* "r#visi#n t!at t! inv stigating /udg Rmust issu a -arrant #& arr stR i& ! &inds "r#)a)( 'aus t!at t! r s"#nd nt '#mmitt d t! 'rim '!arg d, &#und in a(( "r vi#us ru( s #& 'rimina( "r#' dur , &r#m G n ra( 1rd rs N#, 58 d#-n t# Ru( 112 #& t! 1264 R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, is a)s nt in S 'ti#n 1 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , It is n#t #)(igat#r*, )ut m r (* dis'r ti#nar*, u"#n t! inv stigating /udg t# issu a -arrant &#r t! arr st #& t! a''us d, &#r t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

d t rminati#n #& -! t! r a "r#)a)( 'aus :ists and -! t! r it is n ' ssar* t# arr st t! a''us d in #rd r n#t t# &rustrat t! nds #& /usti' , is ( &t t# !is s#und /udgm nt #r dis'r ti#n, In t!is "arti'u(ar 'as , sin' t! r#)) r* '!arg -as t! #&&s!##t #& a )#undar* dis"ut ) t- n t-# "r#" rt* #-n rs, t! inv stigating /udg did n#t ) (i v t! r -as an* dang r #& t! a''us d a)s'#nding ) &#r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n against !im )* t! &is'a(, ! n' , ! &#und n# n d t# "(a' !im und r imm diat 'ust#d*, Dispositive %! a"" a( d d 'isi#n is S7% ASI;7,

TANDOC v RESULTAN DSKPRA, PAG7 43E LIM vFELI; 124 SCRA 222 GK%I7RR7L; F )ruar* 12, 1221
NATURE R vi - &#r ' rti#rari, FACTS $ >ar'! 19, 1282C at t! vi'init* #& t! air"#rt r#ad #& t! >as)at ;#m sti' Air"#rt <>as)at , >as)at =, C#ngr ssman >#is s 7s"in#sa, Sr, and !is s 'urit* s'#rts, nam (* Pr#vin'ia( Guards Ant#ni# C#rt s, Gas"ar Amar#, and Art mi# Fu nt s - r atta'. d and .i(( d )* a (#n assassin, ;ant Si)(ant , an#t! r s 'urit* s'#rt #& C#ngr ssman 7s"in#sa, Sr, surviv d t! assassinati#n "(#t, a(t!#ug!, ! !ims (& su&& r d a guns!#t -#und, $ F#r t! "ur"#s #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, t! d signat d inv stigat#r, 4arr* 1, %antiad#, %Sg <? gas"i= &i( d an am nd d '#m"(aint -it! t! >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urt #& >as)at a''using, am#ng #t! rs, @i' nt ?im, Sr,, >a*#r Susana ?im #& >as)at , +#((* %, F rnand 8, F(#r n'i# %, F rnand 8, +r,, N#ni(#n A, Baga(i!#g, >a*#r N st#r C, ?im and >a*#r Ant#ni# S!# #& t! 'rim #& mu(ti"( murd r and &rustrat d murd r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! air"#rt in'id nt, $ +u(* 31, 1282C a&t r t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#urt r ( as d an #rd r stating a&t r t!at a "r#)a)( 'aus !as ) n sta)(is! d &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st #& nam d a''us d in t! am nd d '#m"(aint, $ August 22, 1282C r '#rds #& t! 'as - r transmitt d t# Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r #& >as)at , R s"#nd nt A'ting Fis'a( Ant#ni# C, A(&an -as d signat d t# r vi - t! 'as , 1n S "t m) r 22, 1282, Fis'a( A(&an issu d a R s#(uti#n -!i'! a&&irm d t! &inding #& a "rima &a'i 'as against t! " titi#n rs )ut di&& r d in t! d signati#n #& t! 'rim <! said it s!#u(d ) >KR;7R &#r a'! 'as , -it! s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s=, Fis'a( A(&an &i( d -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& >as)at , &#ur <4= s "arat in&#rmati#ns #& murd r against t! t- (v <12= a''us d -it! a r '#mm ndati#n #& n# )ai(, $ R s"#nd nts ?ims &i( d a v ri&i d " titi#n &#r a '!ang #& v nu , C#urt grant d t! " titi#n, %! 'as -as ra&&( d t# +udg N m si# F (i:, $ ?ims t! n "ra* d &#r t! &#((#-ingC 1, An #rd r ) issu d r 3uiring t! transmitta( #& t! initia( r '#rds #& t! "r (iminar* in3uir* #r inv stigati#n '#ndu't d )* t! >uni'i"a( +udg Barsaga #& >as)at &#r t! ) st n(ig!t nm nt #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt in its " rs#na( d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& a "r#)a)( 'aus

Criminal Procedure
#r "rima &a'i vid n' as - (( as its d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& gui(t, "ursuant t# t! mandat#r* mandat #& t! '#nstituti#n t!at n# -arrant s!a(( issu un( ss t! issuing magistrat s!a(( !av !ims (& ) n " rs#na((* '#nvin' d #& su'! "r#)a)( 'aus , 2, >#vants ) giv n am"( #""#rtunit* t# &i( t! ir m#ti#n &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n as a matt r #& rig!t; $ In an#t! r mani& stati#n, t! ?ims r it rat d t!at t! '#urt '#ndu't a ! aring t# d t rmin i& t! r r a((* :ists a "rima &a'i 'as against t! m in t! (ig!t #& d#'um nts -!i'! ar r 'antati#ns #& s#m -itn ss s in t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, %! r s"#nd nt '#urt issu d an #rd r d n*ing &#r (a'. #& m rit, ISSUE 51N a /udg ma* issu a -arrant #& arr st -it!#ut )ai( )* sim"(* r (*ing #n t! "r#s 'uti#nQs ' rti&i'ati#n and r '#mm ndati#n t!at a "r#)a)( 'aus :ists, HELD N1 Ratio A +udg is n#t "r '(ud d &r#m r (*ing #n t! vid n' ar(i r gat! r d )* r s"#nsi)( #&&i' rs, %! :t nt #& t! r (ian' d " nds #n t! 'ir'umstan' s #& a'! 'as and is su)/ 't t# t! +udg Qs s#und dis'r ti#n, 4#- v r, t! +udg a)us s t!at dis'r ti#n -! n !aving n# vid n' ) &#r !im, ! issu s a -arrant #& arr st, Reasoning $ R s"#nd nt +udg '#mmitt d a grav rr#r -! n ! r (i d s#( (* #n t! Pr#s 'ut#rQs ' rti&i'ati#n and issu d t! 3u sti#n d 1rd r dat d +u(* 5, 1220 -it!#ut !aving ) &#r !im an* #t! r )asis &#r !is " rs#na( d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& a "r#)a)( 'aus , I& a +udg r (i s s#( (* #n t! ' rti&i'ati#n #& t! Pr#s 'ut#r as in t!is 'as -! r a(( t! r '#rds #& t! inv stigati#n ar in >as)at , ! #r s! !as n#t " rs#na((* d t rmin d "r#)a)( 'aus , %! d t rminati#n is mad )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r, %! '#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nt !as n#t ) n satis&i d, %! +udg '#mmits a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, $ %! r '#rds #& t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#ndu't d )* t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& >as)at and r vi - d )* t! r s"#nd nt Fis'a( - r sti(( in >as)at -! n t! r s"#nd nt Fis'a( issu d t! -arrants #& arr st against t! " titi#n rs, %! r -as n# )asis &#r t! r s"#nd nt +udg t# ma. !is #-n " rs#na( d t rminati#n r garding t! :ist n' #& a "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st as mandat d )* t! C#nstituti#n, 4 '#u(d n#t "#ssi)(* !av .n#-n -!at trans"ir d in >as)at as ! !ad n#t!ing )ut a ' rti&i'ati#n $ A*'# III, S%.# 2# :C$0-'+'u'+$0< %! rig!t #& t! " #"( t# ) s 'ur in t! ir " rs#ns, !#us s, "a" rs and && 'ts against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s #& -!at v r natur and &#r an* "ur"#s s!a(( ) invi#(a)( , and 0$ -%,*.( ?,**,0' $* ?,**,0' $& ,**%-' -(,ll +--u% %C.%)' u)$0 )*$@,@l% .,u-% '$ @% 2%'%*/+0%2 )%*-$0,lly @y '(% 8u29% a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , and "arti'u(ar(* d s'ri)ing t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d and t! " rs#ns #r t!ings t# ) s i8 d, $ 5!at t! C#nstituti#n und rs'#r s is t! :'(usiv and " rs#na( r s"#nsi)i(it* #& t! issuing /udg t# satis&* !ims (& #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , In d#ing s#, t! /udg is n#t r 3uir d t# " rs#na((*

a2010 page 53
:amin t! '#m"(ainant and !is -itn ss s, F#((#-ing sta)(is! d d#'trin and "r#' dur s, ! s!a((C <1= " rs#na((* va(uat t! r "#rt and t! su""#rting d#'um nts su)mitt d )* t! &is'a( r garding t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus and, #n t! )asis t! r #&, issu a -arrant #& arr st; #r <2= i& #n t! )asis t! r #& ! &inds n# "r#)a)( 'aus , ! ma* disr gard t! &is'a(Qs r "#rt and r 3uir t! su)missi#n #& su""#rting a&&idavits #& -itn ss s t# aid !im in arriving at a '#n'(usi#n as t# t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , $ S#und "#(i'* di'tat s t!is "r#' dur , #t! r-is /udg s -#u(d ) undu(* (ad n -it! t! "r (iminar* :aminati#ns and inv stigati#n #& 'rimina( '#m"(aints inst ad #& '#n' ntrating #n ! aring and d 'iding 'as s &i( d ) &#r t! ir '#urts, $ %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! -arrant #& arr st is mad )* t! +udg , %! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r $ -! t! r #r n#t t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d is gui(t* #& t! #&& ns '!arg d and, t! r &#r , -! t! r #r n#t ! s!#u(d ) su)/ 't d t# t! :" ns , rig#rs and m)arrassm nt #& tria( $ is t! &un'ti#n #& t! Pr#s 'ut#r, $ %! "#- r t# ma. a "r (iminar* :aminati#n &#r t! "ur"#s #& d t rmining -! t! r "r#)a)( 'aus :ists t# /usti&* t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st <#r s ar'! -arrant= !as ) n and r mains v st d in v r* /udg )* t! "r#visi#ns in t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts in t! 1235, t! 1293 and t! "r s nt D1289E C#nstituti#ns s 'uring t! " #"( against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, t! r )* "(a'ing it ) *#nd t! '#m" t n' #& m r C#urt Ru( #r Statut t# r v#. , $ %! "r#)( m (i s -it! -arrants #& arr st s" 'ia((* in m tr#"#(itan #r !ig!(* ur)an ar as, I& a +udg !as t# " rs#na((* 3u sti#n a'! '#m"(ainant and -itn ss #r g# #v r t! r '#rds #& t! Pr#s 'ut#rQs inv stigati#n "ag )* "ag and -#rd &#r -#rd ) &#r ! a'ts #n a'! #& a )ig "i( #& a""(i'ati#ns &#r arr st -arrants #n !is d s., ! #r s! ma* !av n# m#r tim &#r !is #r ! r m#r im"#rtant /udi'ia( &un'ti#ns, Dispositive P titi#n is grant d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'#r"#rati#ns #& -!i'! t! * - r #&&i' rs, dir 't d t# t! an* " a' #&&i' r, t# s ar'! t! " rs#ns a)#v $nam d andM#r t! "r mis s #& t! ir #&&i' s, -ar !#us s andM#r r sid n' s, and t# s i8 and ta. "#ss ssi#n #& Lbooks of accounts& financial records& vouchers& correspondence& receipts& ledgers& journals& portfolios& credit journals& t'pewriters& and other documents and;or papers showing all business transactions including disbursements receipts& balance sheets and profit and loss statements and Bobbins 0cigarette wrappers4M as Rt! su)/ 't #& t! #&& ns ; st#( n #r m) 88( d and "r#' ds #r &ruits #& t! #&& ns ,R #r Rus d #r int nd d t# ) us d as t! m ans #& '#mmitting t! #&& ns R #& Rvi#(ati#n #& C ntra( Ban. ?a-s, %ari&& and Cust#ms ?a-s, Int rna( R v nu <C#d = and t! R vis d P na( C#d ,R Petitioners claim t!at t! a&#r m nti#n d s ar'! -arrants ar nu(( and v#id, as '#ntrav ning t! C#nstituti#n and t! Ru( s #& C#urt; t!at t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s mad in "ursuan' t! r #& ar i(( ga(; and t!at vid n' s #)tain d t! r in ar '#ns 3u nt(* inadmissi)( , Respondents=prosecutors comments <1= t!at t! '#nt st d s ar'! -arrants ar va(id and !av ) n issu d in a''#rdan' -it! (a-; <2= t!at t! d & 'ts #& said -arrants, i& an*, - r 'ur d )* " titi#n rsQ '#ns nt; and <3= t!at, in an* v nt, t! && 'ts s i8 d ar admissi)( in vid n' against ! r in " titi#n rs, r gard( ss #& t! a(( g d i(( ga(it* #& t! a&#r m nti#n d s ar'! s and s i8ur s, Procedure; $>ar'! 22, 1262C SC issu d t! -rit #& "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n "ra* d &#r in t! " titi#n, $+un 22, 1262C t! -rit -as "artia((* (i&t d #r diss#(v d, ins#&ar as t! "a" rs, d#'um nts and t!ings s i8 d &r#m t! #&&i' s #& t! '#r"#rati#ns a)#v m nti#n d ar '#n' rn d; )ut, t! in/un'ti#n -as maintain d as r gards t! "a" rs, d#'um nts and t!ings &#und and s i8 d in t! r sid n' s #& " titi#n rs, NOTE= %! "#n n'ia s"(its t! d#'um nts, "a" rs, and t!ings s i8 d und r t! a(( g d aut!#rit* #& t! -arrants in 3u sti#n int# t-# <2= ma/#r gr#u"sC <a= t!#s &#und and s i8 d in t! #&&i' s #& t! a&#r m nti#n d '#r"#rati#ns, and <)= t!#s &#und and s i8 d in t! r sid n' s #& " titi#n rs, ISSUES 1, As r gards t! &irst gr#u", 51N " titi#n rs !av a 'aus #& a'ti#n 2, As r gards t! s '#nd gr#u", 51N t! s ar'! -arrants in 3u sti#n, and t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s mad und r t! aut!#rit* t! r #&, ar va(id <and, 51N said d#'um nts, "a" rs and t!ings ma* ) us d in vid n' against " titi#n rs= HELD 1, N1N7, $%! ( ga(it* #& a s i8ur 'an ) '#nt st d onl' )* t! "art* -!#s rig!ts !av ) n im"air d t! r )*, and t!at t! #)/ 'ti#n t# an un(a-&u( s ar'! and s i8ur is purel' personal and 'ann#t ) avai( d #& )* t!ird "arti s, $P titi#n rs ma* n#t va(id(* #)/ 't t# t! us in vid n' against t! m #& t! d#'um nts, "a" rs and t!ings s i8 d &r#m t! #&&i' s and "r mis s #& t! '#r"#rati#ns, sin' t! rig!t t# #)/ 't t# t! admissi#n #& said "a" rs in vid n' ) (#ngs e+clusivel' t# t! '#r"#rati#ns, t# -!#m t! s i8 d && 'ts ) (#ng, and ma* n#t ) inv#. d )* t! '#r"#rat #&&i' rs in "r#' dings against t! m in t! ir individua( 'a"a'it*, 2, N1,

STONEHILL v DIOINO 20 SCRA 383 C1NC7PCI1N; +un 12, 1269

NATURE 1rigina( a'ti#n in t! SC, C rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n, mandamus, in/un'ti#n, $P titi#n rsC 4arr* S, St#n !i((, R#) rt P, Br##.s, +#!n +, Br##.s and Sar( B '.; a''us d in ' rtain d "#rtati#n 'as s $R s"#nd nts$"r#s 'ut#rsC ;1+ S ' +#s 5, ;i#.n#, NBI A'ting ;ir 't#r +#s ?u.)an, S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#rs P dr# ;, C n8#n, 7&r n I, P(ana and >anu ( @i((ar a(, +r, and >ani(a Cit* Asst, Fis'a( >an s s G, R * s $R "#nd nts$/udg sC +udg Amad# R#an #& t! >uni'i"a( <n#- Cit*= C#urt #& >ani(a, +udg R#man Cansin# #& t! >uni'i"a( <n#- Cit*= C#urt #& >ani(a, +udg 4 rm#g n s Ca(uag #& CFI Ri8a( Ou 8#n Cit* Bran'!, +udg 7u(#gi# > n'ias #& CFI Ri8a(, Pasig Bran'!, and +udg ;amian +im n 8 #& t! >uni'i"a( <n#- Cit*= C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit*, FACTS $K"#n a""(i'ati#n #& t! r s"#nd nts$"r#s 'ut#rs, r s"#nd nts$/udg s issu d a t#ta( #& 42 s ar'! -arrants against " titi#n rs andM#r t!

Criminal Procedure
$1235 C#nstituti#n <Art, III, S ', 1, "ar, 3= "r#vid s <a= t!at n# -arrant s!a(( issu )ut upon probable 'aus , t# ) d t rmin d )* t! /udg in t! mann r s t &#rt! in said "r#visi#n; and <)= t!at t! -arrant s!a(( particularl' d s'ri) t! t!ings t# ) s i8 d, $S ar'! -arrants, issu d u"#n a""(i'ati#ns stating t!at t! natura( and /uridi'a( " rs#n t! r in nam d !ad '#mmitt d #&& ns s as a)stra't as Rvi#(ati#n #& C ntra( Ban. ?a-s, %ari&& and Cust#ms ?a-s, Int rna( R v nu <C#d = and R vis d P na( C#d R d# n#t satis&* t! '#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nts ) 'aus n# specific #&& ns !ad ) n a(( g d in said a""(i'ati#ns, It -as impossible &#r t! /udg s -!# issu d t! -arrants t# !av &#und t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , -!i'! "r su""#s s t! intr#du'ti#n #& '#m" t nt "r##& t!at t! "art* against -!#m it is s#ug!t !as " r&#rm d particular a'ts, #r '#mmitt d specific #missi#ns in vi#(ati#n #& a giv n " na( "r#visi#n, $G n ra( s ar'! -arrants ar #ut(a- d ) 'aus t! * "(a' t! san'tit* #& t! d#mi'i( and t! "riva'* #& '#mmuni'ati#n and '#rr s"#nd n' at t! m r'* #& t! -!ims, 'a"ri' #r "assi#n #& " a' #&&i' rs, $%# "r v nt t! issuan' #& g n ra( s ar'! -arrants, SC am nd d S ', 3 #& Ru( 122 #& t! &#rm r Ru( s #& C#urt )* "r#viding in t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt t!at Rn# s ar'! -arrant s!a(( issu &#r m#r t!an #n s" 'i&i' #&& ns ,R $S ar'! -arrants aut!#ri8ing t! s i8ur #& )##.s #& a''#unts and r '#rds " rtaining t# all business transactions #& " titi#n rs ! r in, r gard( ss #& -! t! r t! transa'ti#ns - r legal #r illegal '#ntrav n t! :"(i'it '#mmand #& t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts t!at t! t!ings t# ) s i8 d s!#u(d ) particularl' d s'ri) d and d & at its ma/#r #)/ 'tiv #& (iminating general -arrants, $SC r s#(v d t# ad#"t t! d#'trin in (app v Ahio <1261= and t# &ina((* a)and#n t! 1248 ru(ing in (oncado vs. People.s Court, 80 P!i(, 1,
02The latter case 0citing /igmore4 held that illegall' sei"ed evidence is admissible& as long as it is relevant& but without prejudice to the criminal liabilit' of the peace officers who made the sei"ure& for violation of domicile or under an' other provision of the Penal Code. Kustices Perfecto& Beng"on& Briones ? Paras dissented from the majorit' opinion. NmargeN24

a2010 page 54
and su&& ring -!i'! !av r su(t d in t! ir m)#dim nt in t! &undam nta( (a- #& t! (and,B C. (app v Ahio <1261=C Aa(( vid n' #)tain d )* s ar'! s and s i8ur s in vi#(ati#n #& t! C#nstituti#n is, )* t!at sam aut!#rit*, inadmissi)( in a Stat '#urt, V5it!#ut t!at ru( t! &r d#m &r#m stat invasi#ns #& "riva'* -#u(d ) s# "! m ra( and s# n at(* s v r d &r#m its '#n' "tua( n :us -it! t! &r d#m &r#m a(( )rutis! m ans #& '# r'ing vid n' as n#t t# " rmit t!is C#urtQs !ig! r gard as a &r d#m Aim"(i'it in t! '#n' "t #& #rd r d (i) rt*,B V%! :'(usi#n #& t! vid n' -!i'! an a''us d !ad ) n &#r' d t# giv )* r as#n #& t! un(a-&u( s i8ur is t! m#st im"#rtant '#nstituti#na( "rivi( g , V%! "ur"#s #& t! :'(usi#nar* ru( t# Ris t# d t r $$ t# '#m" ( r s" 't &#r t! '#nstituti#na( guarant* in t! #n(* && 'tiv (* avai(a)( -a* $$ )* r m#ving t! in' ntiv t# disr gard it,R V5 'an n# (#ng r " rmit t!at rig!t t# r main an m"t* "r#mis , t# ) r v#'a)( at t! -!im #& an* "#(i' #&&i' r -!#, in t! nam #& (an&#r' m nt its (&, '!##s s t# sus" nd its n/#*m nt, 1ur d 'isi#n, &#und d #n r as#n and trut!, giv s t# t! individua( n# m#r t!an t!at -!i'! t! C#nstituti#n guarant s !im t# t! "#(i' #&&i' r n# ( ss t!an t!at t# -!i'! !#n st (a- n&#r' m nt is ntit( d, and, t# t! '#urts, t!at /udi'ia( int grit* s# n ' ssar* in t! tru administrati#n #& /usti' , O!iter $In t! ir >FR, " titi#n rs &urt! r a(( g d "#ss ssi#n #& and '#ntr#( #v r t! r '#rds, "a" rs and && 'ts &#und in t! #&&i' s #& t! '#r"#rati#n, and t! a(( g d R" rs#na(R natur t! r #&, $SC dis"#s d #& t! m )* sa*ing t!at t!is n - t! #r* -as advan' d, not in t! ir " titi#n #r am nd d " titi#n, )ut in t! >R, At an* rat , it is ) st t# ( av t! matt r #" n &#r d t rminati#n in a""r#"riat 'as s in t! &utur , Dispositive 5rits grant d in "art and d ni d in "art; >R d ni d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

and r main v#id, and t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s - r i(( ga( and r main i(( ga(, $4 insists t!at, u"#n t! "( adings su)mitt d t# SC, t! " titi#n rs !av t! r 3uisit ( ga( standing t# m#v &#r t! su""r ssi#n and r turn #& t! d#'um nts, "a" rs and && 'ts t!at - r s i8 d &r#m "(a' s #t! r t!an t! ir &ami(* r sid n' s, $Sin' #ur '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n #n s ar'! s and s i8ur s -as d riv d a(m#st verbatim &r#m t! F#urt! Am ndm nt t# t! Knit d Stat s C#nstituti#n, in t! man* * ars #& /udi'ia( '#nstru'ti#n and int r"r tati#n #& t! said '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n, #ur '#urts !av invaria)(* r gard d as d#'trina( t! "r#n#un' m nt mad #n t! F#urt! Am ndm nt )* & d ra( '#urts, s" 'ia((* t! F d ra( Su"r m C#urt and t! F d ra( Cir'uit C#urts #& A"" a(s, $%! K,S, d#'trin s and " rtin nt 'as s #n standing t# m#v &#r t! su""r ssi#n #r r turn #& d#'um nts, "a" rs and && 'ts -!i'! ar t! &ruits #& an un(a-&u( s ar'! and s i8ur , ma* ) summari8 d as &#((#-sC <a= #-n rs!i" #& d#'um nts, "a" rs and && 'ts giv s Rstanding;R <)= #-n rs!i" andM#r '#ntr#( #r "#ss ssi#n N a'tua( #r '#nstru'tiv $$ #& "r mis s s ar'! d giv s RstandingR; and <'= t! Raggri v d " rs#nR d#'trin -! r t! s ar'! -arrant and t! s-#rn a""(i'ati#n &#r s ar'! -arrant ar R"rimari(*R dir 't d s#( (* and :'(usiv (* against t! Raggri v d " rs#n,R giv s Rstanding,R $An :aminati#n #& t! s ar'! -arrants in t!is 'as -i(( r adi(* s!#- t!at, :' "ting t!r , a(( - r dir 't d against t! " titi#n rs " rs#na((*, In s#m #& t! m, t! " titi#n rs - r nam d " rs#na((*, &#((#- d )* t! d signati#n, Rt! Pr sid nt andM#r G n ra( >anag rR #& t! "arti'u(ar '#r"#rati#n, %! t!r -arrants :' "t d nam d t!r '#r"#rat d & ndants, But t! R#&&i' M!#us M-ar !#us M"r mis sR m nti#n d in t! said t!r -arrants - r a(s# t! sam as t!#s d '(ar d t# ) #-n d )* #r und r t! '#ntr#( #& t! " titi#n rs in a(( t! #t! r s ar'! -arrants, $%!us, t! " titi#n rs !av &u(( standing t# m#v &#r t! 3uas!ing #& a(( t! -arrants r gard( ss -! t! r t! s - r dir 't d against r sid n' s in t! narr#- s ns #& t! -#rd, as (#ng as t! d#'um nts - r " rs#na( "a" rs #& t! " titi#n rs #r <t# t! :t nt t!at t! * - r '#r"#rat "a" rs= - r ! (d )* t! m in a " rs#na( 'a"a'it* #r und r t! ir " rs#na( '#ntr#(, $SC, at a(( v nts, s!#u(d #rd r t! r turn t# t! " titi#n rs a(( personal and private "a" rs and && 'ts s i8 d, n# matt r -! r t! s - r s i8 d, -! t! r &r#m t! ir r sid n' s #r '#r"#rat #&&i' s #r an* #t! r "(a' #r "(a' s, %! uncontradicted s-#rn stat m nts #& t! " titi#n rs in t! ir, vari#us "( adings su)mitt d t# t!is C#urt indis"uta)(* s!#- t!at am#ngst t! t!ings s i8 d &r#m t! '#r"#rat #&&i' s and #t! r "(a' s - r personal and private "a" rs and && 'ts ) (#nging t# t! " titi#n rs, $I& t! r s!#u(d ) an* 'at g#ri8ati#n #& t! d#'um nts, "a" rs and t!ings -!i'! -! r t! #)/ 'ts #& t! un(a-&u( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, I su)mit t!at t! gr#u"ing s!#u(d ) C <a= personal #r private "a" rs #& t! " titi#n rs, and <)= "ur (* corporate "a" rs ) (#nging t# '#r"#rati#ns,

SEPARATE OPINION CASTRO G.$0.u**+09 ,02 2+--%0'+09H

$R as#ning t!at t! " titi#n rs !av n#t in t! ir "( adings satis&a't#ri(* d m#nstrat d t!at t! * !av ( ga( standing t# m#v &#r t! su""r ssi#n #& t! d#'um nts, "a" rs and && 'ts s i8 d in t! "(a' s #t! r t!an t! t!r r sid n' s adv rt d t# a)#v , t! #"ini#n -ritt n )* t! C!i & +usti' refrains &r#m e+pressl' d '(aring as nu(( and v#id t! su'! -arrants s rv d at su'! #t! r "(a' s and as i(( ga( t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s mad t! r in, and ( av s Rt! matt r #" n &#r d t rminati#n in a""r#"riat 'as s in t! &utur ,R $It is -it! t!is "#siti#n t!at +usti' Castr# is n#t in a''#rd, $4 sa*s t!at All t! s ar'! -arrants, -it!#ut :' "ti#n, in t!is 'as ar admitt d(* g n ra(, )(an. t and r#ving -arrants and ar t! r &#r admitt d(* and indis"uta)(* #ut(a- d )* t! C#nstituti#n; and t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s mad - r t! r &#r un(a-&u(, $4 argu s t!at assuming t!at t! " titi#n rs !av n# ( ga( standing t# as. &#r t! su""r ssi#n #& t! "a" rs, t!ings and && 'ts s i8 d &r#m "(a' s #t! r t!an t! ir r sid n' s, t!is 'ann#t in an* mann r a&& 't, a(t r #r #t! r-is m#di&* t! intrinsi' nu((it* #& t! s ar'! -arrants and t! intrinsi' i(( ga(it* #& t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s mad t! r und r, 5! t! r #r n#t t! " titi#n rs "#ss ss ( ga( standing t! said -arrants ar v#id

)%! :'(usi#nar* ru( is the onl' practical means of enforcing the constitutional injunction against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, $%! n#n$ :'(usi#nar* ru( is '#ntrar*, n#t #n(* t# t! ( tt r, )ut a(s#, t# t! s"irit #& t! '#nstituti#na( in/un'ti#n against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, I& t! r is '#m" t nt vid n' t# sta)(is! "r#)a)( 'aus #& t! '#mmissi#n #& a giv n 'rim )* t! "art* against -!#m t! -arrant is int nd d, t! n t! r is n# r as#n -!* t! a""(i'ant s!#u(d n#t '#m"(* -it! t! r 3uir m nts #& t! &undam nta( (a-, I& ! !as n# su'! vid n' , t! n it is not possible &#r t! +udg t# &ind t!at t! r is "r#)a)( 'aus , and, ! n' , n# /usti&i'ati#n &#r t! issuan' #& t! -arrant, %! #n(* "#ssi)( :"(anati#n <n#t /usti&i'ati#n= &#r its issuan' is t! n ' ssit* #& fishing vid n' #& t! '#mmissi#n #& a 'rim , But, t! n, t!is &is!ing :" diti#n is indi'ativ #& t! a)s n' #& vid n' t# sta)(is! a "r#)a)( 'aus , 1oreign references cited to support this contention 1, +udg ? arn d 4andC A1n(* in 'as t! "r#s 'uti#n -!i'! its (& '#ntr#(s t! s i8ing #&&i'ia(s, .n#-s t!at it cannot profit b' their wrong will that wrong be repressed.M D. /eeks v J! <1214=C A%! &&#rts #& t! '#urts and t! ir #&&i'ia(s t# )ring t! gui(t* t# "unis!m nt, "rais -#rt!* as t! * ar , ar n#t t# ) aid d )* t! sa'ri&i' #& t!#s gr at "rin'i"( s sta)(is! d )* * ars #& nd av#r

LUNA v PLAZA 26 SCRA 310 LA?;I@AR; N#v m) r 22, 1268

FACTS $ A 'rimina( a'ti#n -as '#mm n' d )* %$Sgt, Candid# Pat#sa, PC inv stigat#r against Sim#n ?una, )* &i(ing -it! r s"#nd nt >uni'i"a(

Criminal Procedure
+udg ?#r n8# >, P(a8a, #& t! >uni'i"a( C#urt #& %andag, '!arging t! " titi#n r, -it! t! 'rim #& murd r,

a2010 page 55
ad#"t d t! 3u sti#ns "r#"#und d t# a'! #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s )* %$Sgt, Pat#sa, And assuming t!at t! ad#"ti#n #& t! 3u sti#ns mad )* %$Sgt, Pat#sa '#nstitut d su)stantia( '#m"(ian' -it! t! r 3uir m nt t!at t! /udg s!#u(d :amin t! -itn ss s )* as.ing s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns, sti(( t! s '#nd r 3uir m nt, t!at #& r du'ing t# -riting t! said "r#' dur #& ad#"ti#n, !as n#t ) n '#m"i( d -it!; and s#, R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 -as sti(( vi#(at d, and t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st -as in vi#(ati#n #& said A't and t! C#nstituti#n and '#nstitut d d nia( #& du "r#' ss, ISSUES 1, 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in giving a)s#(ut 'r d n' t# t! t stim#n* #& r s"#nd nt >uni'i"a( +udg , 2, 51N t! r 3uir m nts #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 -as satis&i d, 3, 51N t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st -as a vi#(ati#n #& t! C#nstituti#n and #& "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, 4, 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in d n*ing t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us, HELD 1, N1 $ As a g n ra( ru( , t! (#- r '#urtQs &indings, as t# t! 'r di)i(it* #& -itn ss s -i(( n#t ) int r& r d -it! )* a"" ((at '#urts, Sin' " titi#n r a"" a( d dir 't(* t# t!is C#urt ! must, rais #n(* 3u sti#ns #& (a- and ! !as t! r )* -aiv d t! rig!t t# rais an* 3u sti#n #& &a't, and t! &indings #& &a'ts #& t! tria( '#urt, und r t! ru( s and "r ' d nts, must ) d m d &ina( and )inding u"#n t!is C#urt, 2, 67S, $ As "r#vid d in R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 B &#r a muni'i"a( /udg ma* issu a -arrant #& arr st, t! &#((#-ing '#nditi#ns must &irst ) &u(&i(( dC <1= ! must :amin t! -itn ss s " rs#na((*; <2= t! :aminati#n must ) und r #at!; <3= t! :aminati#n must ) r du' d t# -riting in t! &#rm #& s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs, $ %! &irst '#nditi#n -as &u(&i(( d, %! tria( '#urt &#und as a &a't t!at Rt! r s"#nd nt /udg " rs#na((* :amin d t! -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n; t!at r s"#nd nt /udg ad#"t d as !is #-n " rs#na( :aminati#n t! 3u sti#ns as. d )* %$Sgt, Pat#sa as a"" aring in t! -ritt n stat m nts, -!i'! ! r ad #v r again t# t! -itn ss s t#g t! r -it! t! ans- rs giv n t! r in, as.ing t! -itn ss s -! t! r said ans- rs - r t! irs, and -! t! r t! sam ans- rs - r tru , t# -!i'! t! -itn ss s ans- r d in t! a&&irmativ , R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 d# s n#t "r#!i)it t! muni'i"a( +udg &r#m ad#"ting t! 3u sti#ns as. d )* a "r vi#us inv stigat#r, $ %! s '#nd '#nditi#n -as a(s# &u(&i(( d, %! tria( '#urt &#und t!at t! '#m"(aint -as Rsu""#rt d )* stat m nts #& t! -itn ss s und r #at!,R %! r '#rd a(s# s!#-s t! r - r d#'um nts t# !av ) n su)s'ri) d and s-#rn t# ) &#r r s"#nd nt +udg , $ %! t!ird '#nditi#n -as (i. -is &u(&i(( d, %! :aminati#n #& t! -itn ss s -as -ritt n d#-n, in t! &#rm #& s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs, %! t rm As ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rsR m ans #n(*, ta.ing int# '#nsid rati#n t! "ur"#s #& t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n -!i'! is t# d t rmin R-! t! r t! r is a r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at an #&& ns !as ) n '#mmitt d and t! a''us d is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #& s# t!at a -arrant #& arr st ma* ) issu d and t! a''us d ! (d &#r tria(,R su'! 3u sti#ns as !av t nd n'* t# s!#- t! '#mmissi#n #& a 'rim and t! " r" trat#r t! r #&, 5!at -#u(d ) s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns -#u(d d " nd #n -!at is s#ug!t t# ) in3uir d int#, su'! asC t! natur #& t! #&& ns ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! dat , tim , and "(a' #& its '#mmissi#n, t! "#ssi)( m#tiv s &#r its '#mmissi#n; t! su)/ 't, !is ag , du'ati#n, status, &inan'ia( and s#'ia( 'ir'umstan' s, !is attitud t#-ard t! inv stigati#n, s#'ia( attitud s, #""#rtuniti s t# '#mmit t! #&& ns ; t! vi'tim, !is ag , status, &ami(* r s"#nsi)i(iti s, &inan'ia( and s#'ia( 'ir'umstan' s, '!ara't risti's, t', %! "#ints t!at ar t! su)/ 't #& in3uir* ma* di&& r &r#m 'as t# 'as , $ %! 3u sti#ns, t! r &#r , must t# a gr at d gr d " nd u"#n t! +udg ma.ing t! inv stigati#n, At an* rat , t! '#urt a 3u# &#und t!at r s"#nd nt +udg -as Rsatis&i d t!at t! 3u sti#ns and ans- rs '#ntain d in t! s-#rn stat m nts ta. n )* %$Sgt, Pat#sa "arta. #& t! natur #& !is s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs as r 3uir d )* (a-,R s# t! r s"#nd nt +udg ad#"t d t! m, 3, N1 $ %! C#nstituti#n, in S 'ti#n 1 <3=, Arti'( III, "r#vid s t!at n# -arrant s!a(( issu )ut u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus , t# ) d t rmin d )* t! /udg a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , $ %! '#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nt #& :aminati#n #& -itn ss s und r #at! -as, as s!#-n a)#v , &u(&i(( d, %! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus d " nd d t# a (arg d gr u"#n t! &inding #r #"ini#n #& t! /udg '#ndu'ting t! :aminati#n, R s"#nd nt +udg &#und t!at t! r -as a "r#)a)( 'aus , as stat d in !is #rd r #& arr st, $ Pr (iminar* :aminati#n is n#t an ss ntia( "art #& du "r#' ss #& (a-, Pr (iminar* :aminati#n ma* ) '#ndu't d )* t! muni'i"a( /udg , "ri#r t# t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, it! r in t! "r s n' , #r in t! a)s n' , #& t! a''us d, $ %! r '#rd s!#-s t!at ! r in " titi#n r -aiv d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) &#r r s"#nd nt >uni'i"a( +udg , and inst ad, ! ri( d a " titi#n &#r )ai(, %!is '#ndu't #& " titi#n r indi'at s t!at ! !ad -aiv d !is #)/ 'ti#n t# -!at v r d & 't, i& an*, in t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n '#ndu't d )* r s"#nd nt +udg "ri#r t# t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, 4, N1 $ S 'ti#n 4 #& Ru( 102 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt "r#vid s in "art, as &#((#-sC RS ', 4 5! n -rit n#t a((#- d #r dis'!arg aut!#ri8 d, I& it a"" ars t!at t! " rs#n a(( g d t# ) r strain d #& !is (i) rt* is in t! 'ust#d* #& an #&&i' r und r "r#' ss issu d )* a '#urt #r /udg ,,, and t!at t! '#urt #r /udg !ad /urisdi'ti#n t# issu t! "r#' ss ,,, #r ma. t! #rd r, t! -rit s!a(( n#t ) a((#- d ,,, R $ A(( t! '#nditi#ns, in t! a&#r $3u#t d S 'ti#n 4, s t &#rt! t# d n* t! -rit, ar "r s nt in t! instant 'as , $ P titi#n r is d tain d and is in t! 'ust#d* #& t! r s"#nd nt Pr#vin'ia( 5ard n )* virtu #& t! #rd r #& arr st and t! #rd r #& r s"#nd nt +udg , t# '#n&in " titi#n r in t! "r#vin'ia( /ai(, It is n#t dis"ut d )* " titi#n r t!at r s"#nd nt +udg !ad /urisdi'ti#n t# issu t! -arrant #& arr st and t! #rd r #& '#mmitm nt und r t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 49, R "u)(i' A't N#, 402, as am nd d )* R "u)(i' A't N#, 1201, a(t!#ug! " titi#n r did 3u sti#n t! va(idit* #& t! -arrant #& arr st &#r a(( g d(* !aving ) n issu d in vi#(ati#n #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 -!i'! -as &#und t# ) unt na)( , $ %! r m d* avai(a)( t# t! " titi#n r ! r in, und r t! 'ir'umstan' s stat d in t!is #"ini#n, is n#t a " titi#n &#r a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us )ut a " titi#n t# 3uas! t! -arrant #& arr st #r a " titi#n &#r a r inv stigati#n #& t! 'as )* t! r s"#nd nt >uni'i"a( +udg #r )* t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a(,

- Supporting the complaint were sworn statements of the witnesses for the prosecution, in the form of questions and answers taken by T-Sgt. Patosa, and subscribed and sworn to before the respondent Judge at the time of the filing of the complaint.

$ %! r s"#nd nt +udg :amin d t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s )* r ading t# t! m Ra(( #v r again t! 3u sti#ns and ans- rsR in t! ir stat m nts in -riting, and t! -itn ss s$a&&iants d '(ar d ) &#r said +udg t!at t! 3u sti#ns - r "r#"#und d )* %$Sgt, Candid# Pat#sa, and t!at t! ans- rs - r mad )* t! m, $ %! a&&iants sign d t! ir r s" 'tiv a&&idavits in t! "r s n' #& t! r s"#nd nt +udg , -!# a(s# sign d a&t r t! usua( "r#' dur #& administ ring t! #at!, $ C#nsid ring t! ans- rs #& t! a&&iants t# t! , 3u sti#ns '#ntain d in t! ir s-#rn stat m nts, t#g t! r -it! t! "#stm#rt m and aut#"s* r "#rt #n t! d ad )#d* #& t! vi'tim +aim ;ia8 Ng, t! ' rti&i'at #& d at!, t! s. t'! s!#-ing t! "#siti#n #& t! vi'tim and t! a''us d, t! r s"#nd nt +udg #"in t!at t! r -as r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! 'rim #& murd r !ad ) n '#mmitt d and t! amus d -as "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&, $ R s"#nd nt +udg issu d t! #rd r and -arrant #& arr st, s" 'i&*ing t! r in t!at n# )ai( s!#u(d ) a'' "t d &#r t! "r#visi#na( r ( as #& t! a''us d, $ K"#n m#ti#n #& " titi#n r u"#n t! gr#und t!at t! vid n' #& gui(t -as n#t str#ng, r s"#nd nt +udg issu d an #rd r, granting )ai(,; -!i'! #rd r, !#- v r, r s"#nd nt +udg (at r r v#. d, and " titi#n r -as d ni d )ai(, $ %! 'as -as su)s 3u nt(* r mand d t# t! CFI #& Suriga# d ( Sur, a&t r " titi#n r &i( d a -aiv r #& !is rig!t t# "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ R s"#nd nt Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &i( d an in&#rmati#n '!arging " titi#n r -it! t! 'rim #& murd r, %! " titi#n r -as d tain d in t! "r#vin'ia( /ai(, $ P titi#n r &i( d a " titi#n &#r a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us -it! t! CFI #& Suriga# d ( Sur, '(aiming t!at ! -as ) ing d "riv d #& (i) rt* -it!#ut du "r#' ss #& (a-, #n t! gr#und t!at t! im"ris#nm nt and d t nti#n -as t! r su(t #& a -arrant #& arr st issu d )* r s"#nd nt +udg in vi#(ati#n #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828, and "ra*ing &#r t! annu(m nt #& t! #rd r &#r !is arr st and !is dis'!arg &r#m '#n&in m nt, $ R s"#nd nts &i( d t! ir ans- r, a(( ging t!at R "u)(i' A't N#r, 3828 !ad ) n su)stantia((* '#m"(i d -it!; t!at a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, and n#t a " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us -as t! "r#" r r m d*, and t!at " titi#n rQs a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( '#nstitut d a -aiv r #& t! rig!t t# 3u sti#n t! va(idit* #& t! arr st, $ %! CFI #& Suriga# d ( Sur ru( d t!at r s"#nd nt >uni'i"a( +udg !ad su)stantia((* '#m"(i d -it! R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828, and '#ns 3u nt(* d ni d t! a""(i'ati#n &#r t! -rit #& !a) as '#r"us, and dismiss d t! 'as , $ 4 n' t! a"" a(, Petitioners Claim R "u)(i' A't N#, 3828 im"#s s #n a muni'i"a( /udg , ) &#r ! 'an issu a -arrant #& arr st, t-# s" 'i&i' duti s, t# -itC <1= " rs#na((* :amin t! '#m"(ainant and -itn ss s -it! Rs ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs,R -!i'! m ans t!at t! /udg must 'r#ss$ :amin t! m in 'as t! ir a&&idavits ar "r s nt d; and <2= said :aminati#n must ) r du' d t# -riting and &#rm "art #& t! r '#rds #& t! 'as , %! r '#rd #& t! instant 'as , d# s n#t s!#- t!at said :aminati#n -as " r&#rm d )* r s"#nd nt +udg n#t-it!standing !is t stim#n* t# t! && 't t!at !

Criminal Procedure
$ %! C#urt str ss d t!at -!at !as ) n stat d in t! #"ini#n -as n#t int nd d t# san'ti#n t! r turn t# t! &#rm r "ra'ti' #& muni'i"a( /udg s #& sim"(* r (*ing u"#n a&&idavits #r s-#rn stat m nts t!at ar mad t# a''#m"an* t! '#m"(aints t!at ar &i( d ) &#r t! m, in d t rmining -! t! r t! r is a "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st, $ $ %!at "ra'ti' is "r 'is (* -!at is s#ug!t t# ) v#id d )* t! am ndm nt #& S 'ti#n 89 <'= #& R "u)(i' A't 226 <+udi'iar* A't #& 1248= -!i'! r 3uir s t!at ) &#r a muni'i"a( /udg issu s a -arrant #& arr st ! s!#u(d &irst satis&* !ims (& t!at t! r is a "r#)a)( 'aus )* :amining t! -itn ss s " rs#na((*, and t!at t! :aminati#n must ) und r #at! and r du' d t# -riting in t! &#rm #& s ar'!ing 3u sti#ns and ans- rs, $ It is #)vi#us t!at t! "ur"#s #& t!is am ndm nt is t# "r v nt t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st against a " rs#n )as d sim"(* u"#n a&&idavits #& -itn ss s -!# mad , and s-#r t#, t! ir stat m nts ) &#r a " rs#n #r " rs#ns #t! r t!an t! /udg ) &#r -!#m t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint is &i( d, Dispositive %! d 'isi#n #& t! tria( '#urt a"" a( d &r#m, -as a&&irm d, C#sts against " titi#n r$a"" ((ant,

a2010 page 56
t! rat #& 25 ."!, +ust "ast San Ni'#(as )ridg , ! n#ti' d, &r#m a distan' #& 120 m t rs m#r #r ( ss, a s" ding #n'#ming 'ar a(#ng t! sam (an ! -as driving, #v rta.ing a 'arg# tru'. a! ad #& it, $ 4 s-it'! d #n !is ! ad(ig!ts t# signa( t! 'ar t# r turn t# its #-n rig!t (an as t! -a* -as n#t '( ar &#r it t# #v rta. t! tru'., %! signa( -as disr gard d, as t! 'ar "r#' d d #n its dir 'ti#n, $ %# vad t! '#((isi#n, ! s- rv d !is / " t# t! rig!t t#-ards t! s!#u(d r and a""(i d #n t! )ra. s, ( aving !is & t #n it, v n, imm diat (* a&t r t! im"a't, %! 'ar r st d #n t! s!#u(d r #& t! rig!t (an , %! / "Qs r ar ( &t -! ( -as #n t! r#ad, ( aving s!#rt tir mar.s ) !ind it; -!i( t! 'ar ( &t (#ng tir mar.s, s" 'ia((* its ( &t r ar -! (, Respodents :ersion +uanit# R#sari# -!# -as driving t! 'ar, -it! !is -i& and daug!t r, - r a(#ng >a'Art!ur 4ig!-a* g#ing s#ut!-ards, %! * sa- a! ad #& t! m a )ig ! avi(* (#ad d 'arg# tru'., %! tru'. -as m#ving v r* s(#-(* ) 'aus #& its ! av* (#ad s# t!at R#sari# d 'id d t# #v rta. it, But ) &#r d#ing s#, ! &irst sa- t# it t!at t! r#ad -as '( ar and as additi#na( "r 'auti#nar* m asur , ! )( - !is !#rn s v ra( tim s at t! tim ! -as #v rta.ing t! tru'., $ As t! 'ar -as a)#ut t# #v rta. t! s(#- m#ving 'arg# tru'., t! 'arQs &r#nt ( &t tir sudd n(* )urst du t# "r ssur 'ausing t! 'ar t# s- rv t# t! ( &t and natura((* ma.ing st ring and '#ntr#( di&&i'u(t, $ B 'aus #& t! t nd n'* #& t! 'ar t# v r t#-ards t! ( &t du t# t! )(#-n #ut tir , t! driv r st r d t! 'ar t#-ards t! dir 'ti#n -! r ! '#u(d &ind a sa& "(a' t# "ar. and &i: t! tir , 4 &ina((* )r#ug!t t! 'ar t# a !a(t at t! ( &t s!#u(d r #& t! r#ad, $ +ust as ! -as a)#ut t# g t #&& t# &i: t! &(at tir , t! 'ar -as sudd n(* )um" d )* t! / " -!i'! 'am &r#m t! #""#sit dir 'ti#n ISSUE 51N " titi#n rs - r d "riv d #& du "r#' ss ) 'aus t! ir 'ivi( a'ti#n -as d 'id d #n t! )asis #& "rivat r s"#nd nt +uanita R#sari#Qs a'3uitta( in t! 'rimina( 'as &#r r '.( ss im"rud n' HELD N1 Ratio Findings #& &a't #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s ar '#n'(usiv #n t! "arti s and #n t! Su"r m C#urt, un( ss <1= t! '#n'(usi#n is a &inding gr#und d ntir (* #n s" 'u(ati#ns, surmis s and '#n/ 'tur s; <2= t! in& r n' mad is mani& st(* mista. n; <3= t! r is grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n; <4= t! /udgm nt is )as d #n misa""r ! nsi#n #& &a'ts; <5= t! C#urt #& A"" a(s - nt ) *#nd t! issu s #& t! 'as and its &indings ar '#ntrar* t# t! admissi#n #& )#t! a"" ((ant and a"" (( ; <6= t! &indings #& &a'ts #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s ar '#ntrar* t# t!#s #& t! tria( '#urt; <9= said &indings #& &a'ts ar '#n'(usi#ns -it!#ut 'itati#n #& s" 'i&i' vid n' #n -!i'! t! * ar )as d; <8= t! &a'ts s t &#rt! in t! " titi#n as - (( as in t! " titi#n rQs main and r "(* )ri &s ar n#t dis"ut d )* t! r s"#nd nt; and <2= -! n t! &inding #& &a'ts #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s is "r mis d #n t! a)s n' #& vid n' and is '#ntradi't d )* vid n' #n r '#rd, Reasoning $ %! su)/ 't a'ti#n &#r damag s, ) ing 'ivi( in natur , is s "arat and distin't &r#m t! 'rimina( as" 't, n ' ssitating #n(* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' , $ A 3uasi$d (i't #r culpa a$uiliana is a s "arat ( ga( instituti#n und r t! Civi( C#d , -it! a su)stantiv (* a(( its #-n, and individua(it* t!at is ntir (* a"art and ind " nd nt &r#m a d (i't #r 'rim , A distin'ti#n :ists ) t- n

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m a 'rim and t! r s"#nsi)i(it* &#r 3uasi$d (i'ts #r culpa :tra$'#ntra'tua(, %! sam n g(ig n' 'ausing damag s ma* "r#du' 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m a 'rim und r t! P na( C#d , #r 'r at an a'ti#n &#r 3uasid (i't#s #r culpa :tra$'#ntra'tua( und r t! Civi( C#d , %! r &#r , t! a'3uitta( #r '#nvi'ti#n in t! 'rimina( 'as is ntir (* irr ( vant in t! 'ivi( 'as , $ But t!is ru( is n#t -it!#ut :' "ti#n, %!us, S 'ti#n 2 <'= #& Ru( 111 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt "r#vid sC 7:tin'ti#n #& t! " na( a'ti#n d# s n#t 'arr* -it! it :tin'ti#n #& t! 'ivi(, un( ss t! :tin'ti#n "r#' ds &r#m a d '(arati#n &r#m a &ina( /udgm nt t!at t! &a't &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( a'ti#n mig!t aris did n#t :ist, $ In a "r vi#us 'as , CA$G,R, N#, 09684$CR, People v. Rosario, t! CA a&t r a "ainsta.ing ana(*sis #&, <a= t! t stim#nia( vid n' ; <)= t! r (ativ "#siti#ns #& t! t-# v !i'( s as d "i't d in t! s. t'! s; <'= t! distan' #& a'! #& t! t-# v !i'( s &r#m t! ' m nt d dg #& t! r#ad; <d= t! "#int #& im"a't; < = t! visi)( tir mar.s, and <&= t! :t nt #& t! damag 'aus d u"#n a'! #& t! t-# v !i'( s, ru( d t!at it -as t! driv r #& t! / " and n#t t! a''us d driv r #& t! 'ar -!# -as n g(ig nt and a''#rding(* a'3uitt d t! (att r, $ N g(ig n' , ) ing t! s#ur' and &#undati#n #& a'ti#ns #& 3uasi$d (i't, is t! )asis &#r t! r '#v r* #& damag s, In t! 'as at )ar, t! CA &#und t!at '#((isi#n -as n#t du t# t! n g(ig n' #& R#sari# )ut rat! r it -as Casti((#Qs #-n a't #& driving t! / " t# t! s!#u(d r #& t! r#ad -! r t! 'ar -as, -!i'! -as a'tua((* t! "r#:imat 'aus #& t! '#((isi#n, 5it! t!is &inding, t! CA :#n rat d R#sari# &r#m 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #n t! gr#und t!at t! a(( g d n g(ig n' did n#t :ist, $ ;uring t! tria( #& t! 'as ) &#r t! CFI, r s"#nd nts - r n#t "r s nt ) 'aus t! * - r a)r#ad, %! ir '#uns ( intr#du' d as "art #& t! ir vid n' , t! r '#rds in t! 'rimina( 'as , in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#n 41, Ru( 130 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, %! s r '#rds, m#st(* '#m"#s d #& trans'ri"ts #& t! ! aring in t! 'rimina( 'as , - r atta'! d t# t! ir RR 3u st &#r Admissi#nR and - r su)stantia((* admitt d )* " titi#n rs, P titi#n rs rais d, as #n #& t! ir #)/ 'ti#ns, t! "r#"ri t* and '#rr 'tn ss #& admitting and ad#"ting t! s trans'ri"ts as "art #& t! r '#rd in t! 'ivi( 'as , A''#rding t# t! m, t!is is a vi#(ati#n #& S 'ti#n 41, Ru( 130, #n t! gr#und t!at " titi#n rs - r n#t giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# 'r#ss$ :amin , 5 disagr , A 'ar &u( r ading #& t! trans'ri"ts -#u(d r v a( t!at '#uns ( &#r " titi#n rs a'tiv (* "arti'i"at d during t! "r#' dings #& t! 'rimina( 'as , 4 rais d vari#us #)/ 'ti#ns, in t! '#urs #& t! tria(, P titi#n rs, t! r &#r , t!ru '#uns ( !ad t! #""#rtunit* t# 'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss s, Dispositive P titi#n d ni d

CASTILLO v CA :ROSARIO< 196 SCRA 521 F7RNAN; August 21, 1282

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari FACTS $ >a* 2, 1265C Parti s &igur d in a v !i'u(ar a''id nt -!i'! 'aus d in/uri s t# t! ir " rs#ns and damag t# t! ir r s" 'tiv v !i'( s, %! * !ad '#n&(i'ting v rsi#ns #& t! a''id nt, $ +un 30C P titi#n rs institut d a 'ivi( 'as &#r t! r '#v r* #& damag s &#r t! in/uri s sustain d and &#r t! damag t# t! v !i'( in CFI >ani(a, $ S "t m) r 22C 5!i( t!is 'as -as " nding, t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( &i( d an in&#rmati#n against R#sari#, "rivat r s"#nd nt, &#r d#u)( "!*si'a( in/uri s; d#u)( ( ss s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s; and damag t# "r#" rt* t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' , in CFI Krdan ta, $ R#sari# -as "r#s 'ut d and '#nvi't d )* t! tria( '#urt in t! 'rimina( 'as , CA a'3uitt d !im &r#m t! 'rim '!arg d #n t! gr#und t!at !is gui(t !as n#t ) n "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, $ A"ri( 3, 1292C R s"#nd nts &i( d a RR 3u st &#r Admissi#nR in t! 'ivi( 'as , r 3u sting " titi#n rs t# admit t! trut!&u(n ss #& t! &a'ts s t &#rt! as - (( as t! '#rr 'tn ss and g nuin n ss #& t! d#'um nts atta'! d, $ >a* 5,1292C P titi#n rs &i(( d a R>ani& stati#nR, admitting t! a(( gati#ns in t! RR 3u st &#r Admissi#nR -it! s#m 3ua(i&i'ati#ns, ?at r, )#t! "arti s su)mitt d t! ir r s" 'tiv m m#randa, $ ; ' m) r 28, 1292C 1n t! )asis #& t! t stim#ni s and vid n' su)mitt d )* t! " titi#n rs, as - (( as t! r '#rds #& t! 'rimina( 'as atta'! d in t! RR 3u st &#r Admissi#nR #& t! "rivat r s"#nd nts, CFI >ani(a r nd r d a d 'isi#n, dismissing t! '#m"(aint #& t! " titi#n rs against "rivat r s"#nd nts as - (( as t! '#unt r'(aim #& "rivat r s"#nd nts against t! " titi#n rs, $ F )ruar* 13, 1298C CA a&&irm d Petitioners :ersion B rna) Casti((# -as driving !is / " #n t! n#rt!)#und (an #& t! >'Art!ur 4ig!-a* -it! !is -i& , &at! r, and '!i(d at

CALLANTA v >ILLANUE>A 99 SCRA 399 F7RNAN;1; +un 20, 1299

NATURE 1rigina( " titi#ns in t! in/un'ti#n FACTS Su"r m C#urt, ' rti#rari -it! "r (iminar*

Criminal Procedure
$ +udg @i((anu va #& ;agu"an r &us d t# grant t! m#ti#ns t# 3uas! t-# '#m"(aints &#r #ra( d &amati#n against Ca((anta, $ Ca((anta0s '#uns ( argu d t!at t! r -as an issu -it! r gard t# t! va(idit* #& @i((anu va0s issuan' #& t! -arrants #& arr st #n t! gr#und t!at it s!#u(d !av ) n t! Cit* Fis'a( -!# '#ndu't d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ A&t r t! -arrants - r issu d <-it! )ai( " gg d at P600=, Ca((anta "#st d t! r 3uir d )ai( )#nds and -as grant d ! r "r#visi#na( (i) rt*, $ %! Cit* Fis'a( !ad mani& st d !is int nt t# "r#s 'ut t! 'as , $ F )ruar* 25, 1265 N A&t r t! C#urt !ad '#ndu't d "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and !ad a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as , t! C#urt r & rr d t! 'as t# t! Fis'a(, $ >ar'! 4, 1265 N %! arraignm nt -as "#st"#n d ) 'aus t! Fis'a( -as sti(( d#ing !is inv stigati#n, $ In t! "r#' dings #& A"ri( 20, 1265, t! Fis'a( nt r d !is a"" aran' &#r t! g#v rnm nt and mani& st d t!at ! -as r ad* &#r tria(, ISSUE 51N Ca((anta 'an '#nt st t! va(idit* #& !is arr st HELD N1 Ratio P#sting #& a )ai( )#nd '#nstitut s -aiv r #& an* irr gu(arit* att nding t! arr st #& a " rs#n and st#"s !im &r#m dis'ussing t! va(idit* #& !is arr st, Reasoning $ In t! 'as #& >una vs. Pla"a, t! C#urt ! (d t!at -! r " titi#n r !as &i( d an a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( and -aiv d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r, ! -aiv d !is #)/ 'ti#n t# -!at v r d & 't, i& an*, in t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n '#ndu't d, "ri#r t# t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st, $ %!is d#'trin !as ) n u"! (d in a num) r #& 'as s in'(uding People vs. Alandar& Oacarias vs. Cru"& Bermejo vs. Barrios& People vs. >a Caste& (an"ano vs <illa and People vs. Abnga'an -!i'! stat d t!at -! r t! a''us d !as &i( d )ai( and -aiv d t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n "r#" r, ! !as -aiv d -!at v r d & 't, i& an*, in t! "r (iminar* :aminati#n '#ndu't d "ri#r t# t! issuan' #& t! -arrant #& arr st, $ %! 'it* &is'a( !ad ) n 3uit a'tiv in t! inv stigati#n and in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! a''us d, It -as ! -!# mani& st d !is r adin ss t# a"" ar in t! tria(, O!iter $ 5it! r gard t# t! issu #& -! t! r #r n#t t! #n(* " rs#n v st d -it! aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is t! 'it* &is'a(, t! C!art r #& t! Cit* #& ;agu"an "r#vid s t!at At! Cit* C#urt #& ;agu"an Cit* ma* a(s# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n &#r &#r an* #&& ns , -it!#ut r gard t# t! (imits #& "unis!m nt and ma* r ( as #r '#mmit an* " rs#n '!arg d -it! su'! #&& ns t# s 'ur !is a"" aran' ) &#r t! "r#" r '#urt, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! s " titi#ns &#r ' rti#rari ar dismiss d, %! r straining #rd r issu d )* t!is C#urt is (i&t d and s t asid , C#sts against " titi#n r,

a2010 page 5
$ S ', 99 #& t! ;agu"an Cit* '!art r :"r ss(* m"#- rs its 'it* '#urt <&#rm r(* muni'i"a( '#urt= t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* inv stigati#n &#r an* #&& ns , -it!#ut r gard t# t! (imits #& "unis!m nt, $ 7v r* /usti' #& t! " a' , muni'i"a( /udg <m aning 'it* /udg =, 'it* #r "r#vin'ia( &is'a(, s!a(( !av aut!#rit* t# '#ndu't "r (iminar* :aminati#n #r inv stigati#n in a''#rdan' -it! t! s ru( s #& a(( #&& ns s a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d -it!in !is muni'i"a(it*, 'it* #r "r#vin' , '#gni8a)( )* t! C#urt #& First Instan' <S ', 89 #& t! +udi'iar* ?a- and S ', 2, Ru( 112=,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

/ust and "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) (i v and ! d# s ) (i v t!at t! )##.s < t'= r (ating t# t! a'tiviti s #& , , , as usur r, ar ) ing . "t and '#n' a( d in t! !#us , , , a(( #& -!i'! is '#ntrar* t# t! statut #& (a-,R ISSUE 51N t! s ar'! -arrant and t! s i8ur - r i(( ga( HELD 67S $R as#n 1C it a"" ars t!at t! a&&idavits, -!i'! s rv d as t! :'(usiv )asis #& t! s ar'! -arrants, ar insu&&i'i nt and &ata((* d & 'tiv )* r as#n #& t! mann r in -!i'! t! #at!s - r mad and, t! r &#r , it is ! r )* ! (d t!at t! s ar'! -arrants in 3u sti#n and t! su)s 3u nt s i8ur #& t! d#'um nts and "a" rs ar i(( ga( and d# n#t in an* -a* -arrant t! d "rivati#n t# -!i'! t! " titi#n rs - r su)/ 't d, -T(% $,'( *%Du+*%2 /u-' *%&%* '$ '(% '*u'( $& '(% &,.'- ?+'(+0 '(% )%*-$0,l J0$?l%29% $& '(% )%'+'+$0%* $* (+- ?+'0%--%-, @%.,u-% '(% )u*)$-% '(%*%$& +- '$ .$0v+0.% '(% .$//+''+09 /,9+-'*,'%, 0$' '(% +02+v+2u,l /,J+09 '(% ,&&+2,v+' ,02 -%%J+09 '(% +--u,0.% $& '(% ?,**,0', $& '(% %C+-'%0.% $& )*$@,@l% .,u-%# T(% '*u% '%-' $& -u&&+.+%0.y $& ,0 ,&&+2,v+' '$ ?,**,0' +--u,0.% $& , -%,*.( ?,**,0' +?(%'(%* +' (,- @%%0 2*,?0 +0 -u.( , /,00%* '(,' )%*8u*y .$ul2 @% .(,*9%2 '(%*%$0 ,02 ,&&+,0' @% (%l2 l+,@l% &$* 2,/,9%- .,u-%2# $S ' 1, "ar 3, #& Art III, C#nstituti#nC R%! rig!t #& t! " #"( t# ) s 'ur in t! ir " rs#ns, !#us s, "a" rs, and && 'ts against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s s!a(( n#t ) vi#(at d, and n# -arrants s!a(( issu )ut u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus , t# ) d t rmin d )* t! /udg a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , and "arti'u(ar(* d s'ri)ing t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d, and t! " rs#ns #r t!ings t# ) s i8 d,R S ' 29 #& G n ra( 1rd rs N#, 58C RA s ar'! -arrant s!a(( n#t issu :' "t &#r "r#)a)( 'aus and u"#n a""(i'ati#n su""#rt d )* #at! "arti'u(ar(* d s'ri)ing t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d and t! " rs#n #r t!ing t# ) s i8 d,R $ B#t! "r#visi#ns r 3uir t!at t! r ) n#t #n(* "r#)a)( 'aus ) &#r t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrant )ut t!at t! s ar'! -arrant must ) )as d u"#n an a""(i'ati#n su""#rt d )* #at! #& t! a""(i'ant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , In its )r#ad st s ns , an #at! in'(ud s an* &#rm #& att stati#n )* -!i'! a "art* signi&i s t!at ! is )#und in '#ns'i n' t# " r&#rm an a't &ait!&u((* and trut!&u((*, $R as#n 2C At t! ! aring #& t! 'as , it -as s!#-n t!at t! d#'um nts and "a" rs !ad r a((* ) n s i8 d t# na)( t! Anti$Ksur* B#ard t# '#ndu't an inv stigati#n and (at r us a(( #r s#m #& t! m as vid n' against t! " titi#n rs in t! 'rimina( 'as s t!at ma* ) )r#ug!t against t! m, T(% -%+7u*% $& @$$J- ,02 2$.u/%0'- @y /%,0- $& , -%,*.( ?,**,0', &$* '(% )u*)$-% $& u-+09 '(%/ ,- %v+2%0.% +0 , .*+/+0,l .,-% ,9,+0-' '(% )%*-$0 +0 ?($-% )$--%--+$0 '(%y ?%*% &$u02, +u0.$0-'+'u'+$0,l @%.,u-% +' /,J%- '(% ?,**,0' u0*%,-$0,@l%, ,02 +' +- %Du+v,l%0' '$ , v+$l,'+$0 $& '(% .$0-'+'u'+$0,l )*$v+-+$0 )*$(+@+'+09 '(% .$/)ul-+$0 $& ,0 ,..u-%2 '$ '%-'+&y ,9,+0-' (+/-%l& %! r &#r , it a"" aring t!at t! d#'um nts and "a" rs - r s i8 d &#r t! "ur"#s #& &is!ing &#r vid n' t# ) us d against t! " titi#n rs in t! 'rimina( "r#' dings &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! Anti$Ksur* ?a- -!i'! mig!t ) institut d against t! m, t!is '#urt !#(ds t!at t! s ar'! -arrants issu d ar i(( ga( and t!at t! d#'um nts and "a" rs s!#u(d ) r turn d t# t! m, $ ; &initi#n and rati#na( #& search "arrant;

RODRIGUEZ v >ILLAMIEL 65 P!i( 230 I>P7RIA?; ;7C 23, 1239

FACTS $@i't#r @i((ami (, s" 'ia( ag nt &#r t! Anti$Ksur* B#ard, mad t-# a&&idavits &#r t! "ur"#s #& #)taining s ar'! -arrants against R#drigu 8 and 7vang (ista, %! t :t #& )#t! a&&idavits r ads as &#((#-sC R@i't#r ;, @i((ami (G !aving ta. n t! #at! "r s'ri) d )* (a-, a"" ars and stat sC t!at ! !as and t! r is /ust and "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) (i v and ! d# s ) (i v t!at t! )##.s, (ists, '!its, r ' i"ts, d#'um nts, and #t! r "a" rs r (ating t# t! a'tiviti s #& +uan 7vang (ista, as usur r, ar ) ing . "t and '#n' a( d in t! !#us #& said +uan 7vang (ista situat d at ?u' na, %a*a)as, a(( #& -!i'! is '#ntrar* t# t! statut #& (a-,R $%! /usti' #& t! " a' #& t! "r#vin'ia( 'a"ita( issu d t! t-# s ar'! -arrants against t! " titi#n rs 0see original for the wording of the warrant4 $@i((ami (, -it! #t! r ag nts and a '#nsta)u(ar* s#(di r, : 'ut d t! -arrants, - nt t# t! r sid n' s #& t! " titi#n rs, s ar'! d t! m and s i8 d d#'um nts and "a" rs ) (#nging t# " titi#n rs, @i((ami ( issu d a r ' i"t t# a'! #& t! " titi#n rs, -it!#ut s" 'i&*ing t! d#'um nts and "a" rs s i8 d )* !im, -!i'! - r ta. n t# !is #&&i' in >ani(a, . "ing t! m t! r unti( ! -as #rd r d )* t! CFI t# d "#sit t! m in t! #&&i' #& t! '( r. #& '#urt, $P titi#n rs &i( d a " titi#n "ra*ing t!at t! s ar'! -arrants ) d '(ar d nu(( and v#id and i(( ga(; t!at @i((ami ( ) "unis! d &#r '#nt m"t #& '#urt &#r !aving '#ndu't d t! s ar'! s and &#r !aving s i8 d t! d#'um nts and "a" rs -it!#ut issuing d tai( d r ' i"ts and &#r n#t !aving turn d t! m #v r t# t! '#urt, and t!at said d#'um nts and "a" rs ) #rd r d r turn d t# t! " titi#n rs, $t! CFI &#und @i((ami ( gui(t* #& '#nt m"t #& '#urt and &in d !im P10, %! '#urt d '(ar d t! s ar'! -arrants and t! s i8ur #& t! d#'um nts and "a" rs @A?I;, aut!#ri8ing t! ag nts #& t! Anti$Ksur* B#ard t# :amin t! m and r tain t!#s t!at ar n ' ssar* and mat ria( t# -!at v r 'rimina( a'ti#n t! * ma* -is! t# )ring against t! " titi#n rs, $Petitioners a"" a( d, %! * '#nt nd t!at t! s ar'! -arrants issu d )* t! '#urt ar i(( ga( ) 'aus t! * !av ) n )as d #n t! a&&idavits #& s" 'ia( ag nt @i((ami ( -! r in ! a&&irm d and stat d '(,' (% (,2 0$ )%*-$0,l J0$?l%29% $& '(% &,.'- '(,' ?%*% '$ -%*v% ,- @,-+- &$* '(% +--u,0.% $& '(% -%,*.( ?,**,0'-, @u' /%*%ly .$0&+0%2 (+/-%l& '$ ,--%*'+09 '(,' (% @%l+%v%2 ,02 '(%*% ?,- )*$@,@l% .,u-% '$ @%l+%v% '(,' '(% 2$.u/%0'- ,02 ),)%*- ?%*% *%l,'%2 '$ '(% ,.'+v+'+%- $& '(% )%'+'+$0%*- ,- u-u*%*-# As !as ) n s n, t! s" 'ia( ag ntQs a&&irmati#n in t!is r s" 't '#nsist d m r (* in t! &#((#-ingC Rt!at ! !as and t! r is

SEPARATE OPINION A6UINO G.$0.u**+09H

Criminal Procedure
A s ar'! -arrant is an #rd r in -riting, issu d in t! nam #& t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in Is(ands, sign d )* a /udg #r a /usti' #& t! " a' , and dir 't d t# a " a' #&&i' r, '#mmanding !im t# s ar'! &#r " rs#na( "r#" rt* and )ring it ) &#r t! '#urt, 1& a(( t! rig!ts #& a 'iti8 n, & - ar #& gr at r im"#rtan' #r m#r ss ntia( t# !is " a' and !a""in ss t!an t! rig!t #& " rs#na( s 'urit*, and t!at inv#(v s t! : m"ti#n #& !is "rivat a&&airs, )##.s, and "a" rs &r#m t! ins" 'ti#n and s'rutin* #& #t! rs, 5!i( t! "#- r t# s ar'! and s i8 is n ' ssar* t# t! "u)(i' - (&ar , sti(( it must ) : r'is d and t! (a- n&#r' d -it!#ut transgr ssing t! '#nstituti#na( rig!ts #& 'iti8 ns, &#r t! n&#r' m nt #& n# statut is #& su&&i'i nt im"#rtan' t# /usti&* indi&& r n' t# t! )asi' "rin'i"( s #& g#v rnm nt,

a2010 page 5!
Petitioners< Claims U P titi#n rs &au(t r s"#nd nt /udg &#r !is a(( g d &ai(ur t# '#ndu't an :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! a""(i'ant and !is -itn ss s, as mandat d )* t! '#nstituti#n as - (( as S ', 4, Ru( 126 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, 4#- v r, SC &#und t!at as " titi#n rs t! ms (v s '#n' d d during t! ! aring #n August 2, 1283, t!at an :aminati#n !ad ind d ) n '#ndu't d )* r s"#nd nt /udg #& C#(, A)adi((a and !is -itn ss s, t!is issu is m##t and a'ad mi', U S ar'! 5arrants N#, 20$82DaE and N#, 20$82D)E - r us d t# s ar'! t-# distin't "(a' sC N#, 12, R#ad 3, Pr#/ 't 6, Ou 8#n Cit* and 984 Knits C T ;, R>S Bui(ding, Ou 8#n Av nu , Ou 8#n Cit*, 1)/ 'ti#n is int r"#s d t# t! : 'uti#n #& S ar'! 5arrant N#, 20$82D)E at t! (att r addr ss #n t! gr#und t!at t! t-# s ar'! -arrants "in"#int d #n(* #n "(a' -! r " titi#n r +#s Burg#s, +r, -as a(( g d(* . "ing and '#n' a(ing t! arti'( s (ist d t! r in, i, ,, N#, 12, R#ad 3, Pr#/ 't 6, Ou 8#n Cit*, U a(t!#ug! t! -arrants - r dir 't d against +#s Burg#s, +r, a(#n , arti'( s ) (#nging t# !is '#$" titi#n rs +#s Burg#s, Sr,, Ba*ani S#rian# and t! +, Burg#s > dia S rvi' s, In', - r s i8 d, U r a( "r#" rti s - r s i8 d und r t! dis"ut d -arrants, U t!at d#'um nts r (i d #n )* r s"#nd nts '#u(d n#t !av "r#vid d su&&i'i nt )asis &#r t! &inding #& a "r#)a)( 'aus u"#n -!i'! a -arrant ma* va(id(* issu in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#n 3, Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n ISSUES 51N t! t-# s ar'! -arrants ar C 1, d & 'tiv &#r stating #n(* #n and t! sam "(a' t# ) s ar'! d 2, nu(( and v#id &#r in'(uding "r#" rti s n#t #-n d )* t! " rs#n nam d in t! -arrants 3, nu(( and v#id &#r in'(uding r a( "r#" rti s 4, nu(( and v#id &#r ) ing vi#(ativ #& t! '#nstituti#n, t!us n'r#a'!ing #n " titi#n rsQ &undam nta( rig!ts HELD 1, N1 $ %! d & 't "#int d #ut is a t*"#gra"!i'a( rr#r, %-# s ar'! -arrants - r a""(i d &#r and issu d ) 'aus t! "ur"#s and int nt - r t# s ar'! t-# distin't "r mis s, %! addr ss s #& t! "(a' s s#ug!t t# ) s ar'! d - r s" 'i&i'a((* s t &#rt! in t! a""(i'ati#n, and sin' it -as C#(, A)adi((a !ims (& -!# ! ad d t! t am -!i'! : 'ut d t! s ar'! -arrants, t! am)iguit* t!at mig!t !av aris n )* r as#n #& t! t*"#gra"!i'a( rr#r is m#r a""ar nt t!an r a(, $ In t! d t rminati#n #& -! t! r a s ar'! -arrant d s'ri) s t! "r mis s t# ) s ar'! d -it! su&&i'i nt "arti'u(arit*, it !as ) n ! (d Rt!at t! : 'uting #&&i' rQs "ri#r .n#-( dg as t# t! "(a' int nd d in t! -arrant is r ( vant, %!is -#u(d s m t# ) s" 'ia((* tru -! r t! : 'uting #&&i' r is t! a&&iant #n -!#s a&&idavit t! -arrant !ad issu d, and -! n ! .n#-s t!at t! /udg -!# issu d t! -arrant int nd d t! )ui(ding d s'ri) d in t! a&&idavit, And it !as a(s# ) n said t!at t! : 'uting #&&i' r ma* (##. t# t! a&&idavit in t! #&&i'ia( '#urt &i( t# r s#(v an am)iguit* in t! -arrant as t# t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d,R 2, N1

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 126 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, num rat s t! " rs#na( "r#" rti s t!at ma* ) s i8 d und r a s ar'! -arrant, %! ru( d# s n#t r 3uir t!at t! "r#" rt* t# ) s i8 d s!#u(d ) #-n d )* t! " rs#n against -!#m t! s ar'! -arrant is dir 't d, It ma* #r ma* n#t ) #-n d )* !im, 1-n rs!i", t! r &#r , is #& n# '#ns 3u n' , and it is su&&i'i nt t!at t! " rs#n against -!#m t! -arrant is dir 't d !as '#ntr#( #r "#ss ssi#n #& t! "r#" rt* s#ug!t t# ) s i8 d, 3, N1 $ Knd r Arti'( 415D5E #& t! Civi( C#d , Rma'!in r*, r ' "ta)( s, instrum nts #r im"( m nts int nd d )* t! #-n r #& t! t n m nt &#r an industr* #r -#r.s -!i'! ma* ) 'arri d #n in a )ui(ding #r #n a "i ' #& (and and -!i'! t nd dir 't(* t# m t t! n ds #& t! said industr* #r -#r.sR ar '#nsid r d imm#va)( "r#" rt*, P titi#n rs d# n#t '(aim t# ) t! #-n rs #& t! (and andM#r )ui(ding #n -!i'! t! ma'!in ri s - r "(a' d, %!is ) ing t! 'as , t! ma'!in ri s in 3u sti#n, -!i( in &a't )#(t d t# t! gr#und r main m#va)( "r#" rt* sus' "ti)( t# s i8ur und r a s ar'! -arrant, 4, 67S $ Pr#)a)( 'aus &#r a s ar'! is d &in d as su'! &a'ts and 'ir'umstan' s -!i'! -#u(d ( ad a r as#na)(* dis'r t and "rud nt man t# ) (i v t!at an #&& ns !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! #)/ 'ts s#ug!t in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! #&& ns ar in t! "(a' s#ug!t t# ) s ar'! d, And -! n t! s ar'! -arrant a""(i d &#r is dir 't d against a n -s"a" r "u)(is! r #r dit#r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! "u)(i'ati#n #& su)v rsiv mat ria(s, as in t! 'as at )ar, t! a""(i'ati#n andM#r its su""#rting a&&idavits must '#ntain a s" 'i&i'ati#n, stating -it! "arti'u(arit* t! a(( g d su)v rsiv mat ria( ! !as "u)(is! d #r is int nding t# "u)(is!, > r g n ra(i8ati#n -i(( n#t su&&i' , $ In mandating t!at Rn# -arrant s!a(( issu :' "t u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) d t rmin d )* t! /udg , , , , a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' B t! C#nstituti#n r 3uir s n# ( ss t!an " rs#na( .n#-( dg )* t! '#m"(ainant #r !is -itn ss s #& t! &a'ts u"#n -!i'! t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrant ma* ) /usti&i d, In A(var 8 v, CFI, SC ru( d t!at Rt! #at! r 3uir d must r & r t# t! trut! #& t! &a'ts -it!in t! " rs#na( .n#-( dg #& t! " titi#n r #r !is -itn ss s, ) 'aus t! "ur"#s t! r #& is t# '#nvin' t! '#mmitting magistrat , n#t t! individua( ma.ing t! a&&idavit and s .ing t! issuan' #& t! -arrant, #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus ,R $ t! s ar'! -arrants ar in t! natur #& g n ra( -arrants, $ As a '#ns 3u n' #& t! s ar'! and s i8ur , t! "r mis s - r "ad(#'. d and s a( d, -it! t! &urt! r r su(t t!at t! "rinting and "u)(i'ati#n #& said n -s"a" rs - r dis'#ntinu d, Su'! '(#sur is in t! natur #& "r vi#us r straint #r ' ns#rs!i" a)!#rr nt t# t! &r d#m #& t! "r ss guarant d und r t! &undam nta( (a-, and '#nstitut s a virtua( d nia( #& " titi#n rsQ &r d#m t# :"r ss t! ms (v s in "rint, Dispositive S ar'! 5arrants N#s, 20$82DaE and 20$82D)E issu d )* r s"#nd nt /udg #n ; ' m) r 9, 1282 ar 0ull ,02 v$+2# A(( arti'( s s i8 d t! r und r ar #rd r d r ( as d t# " titi#n rs,

BURGOS SR v CHIEF OF STAFF 133 SCRA 800 7SC1?IN; ; ' m) r 26, 1284
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus -it! "r (iminar* mandat#r* and "r#!i)it#r* in/un'ti#n FACTS $ ; ' m) r 9, 1282 +udg 7rnani Cru8$Pa_# CFI Ri8a( DOu 8#n Cit*E, issu d t-# s ar'! -arrants und r -!i'! t! "r mis s .n#-n as N#, 12, R#ad 3, Pr#/ 't 6, Ou 8#n Cit*, )usin ss addr ss #& > tr#"#(itan >ai( n -s"a" r, and 984 Knits C T ;, R>S Bui(ding, Ou 8#n Av nu , Ou 8#n Cit*, )usin ss addr ss #& t! R5 F#rumR n -s"a" r - r s ar'! d, $ #&&i' and "rinting ma'!in s, 3ui"m nt, "ara"! rna(ia, m#t#r v !i'( s and #t! r arti'( s us d in t! "rinting, "u)(i'ati#n and distri)uti#n #& t! said n -s"a" rs, as - (( as num r#us "a" rs, d#'um nts, )##.s and #t! r -ritt n (it ratur a(( g d t# ) in t! "#ss ssi#n and '#ntr#( #& " titi#n r +#s Burg#s, +r, "u)(is! r$ dit#r #& t! R5 F#rumR n -s"a" r, - r s i8 d, $ %! 3u sti#n d s ar'! -arrants - r issu d )* r s"#nd nt /udg u"#n a""(i'ati#n #& C#(, R#(and# N, A)adi((a, Int ((ig n' 1&&i' r #& t! P,C, > tr#'#m, %! a""(i'ati#n -as a''#m"ani d )* t! +#int A&&idavit #& A( /andr# >, Guti rr 8 and P dr# K, %ang#, m m) rs #& t! > tr#'#m Int ((ig n' and S 'urit* Gr#u" und r C#(, A)adi((a -!i'! '#ndu't d a surv i((an' #& t! "r mis s "ri#r t# t! &i(ing #& t! a""(i'ati#n &#r t! s ar'! -arrants #n ; ' m) r 9, 1282, $ R s"#nd nts av r t!at t! 'as s!#u(d ) dismiss d #n t! gr#und t!at " titi#n rs !ad '#m t# SC -it!#ut !aving "r vi#us(* s#ug!t t! 3uas!a( #& t! s ar'! -arrants ) &#r t! issuing /udg , But t!is "r#' dura( &(an#t-it!standing, SC t##. '#gni8an' #& t!is " titi#n in vi - #& t! s ri#usn ss and urg n'* #& t! '#nstituti#na( issu s rais d, n#t t# m nti#n t! "u)(i' int r st g n rat d )* t! s ar'!, $ R s"#nd nts (i. -is urg dismissa( #& t! " titi#n #n gr#und #& (a'! s, sin' said s ar'! -arrants - r issu d #n ; ' m) r 9, 1282, )ut t! instant " titi#n im"ugning t! sam -as &i( d #n(* #n +un 16, 1283, 4#- v r, SC &#und t!at t! :tra/udi'ia( &&#rts : rt d )* " titi#n rs 3uit vid nt(* n gat t! "r sum"ti#n t!at t! * !ad a)and#n d t! ir rig!t t# t! "#ss ssi#n #& t! s i8 d "r#" rt*, t! r )* r &uting t! '!arg #& (a'! s against t! m,

PEOPLE v BURGOS 144 SCRA 1 GK%I7RR7L; S "t,4, 1286

NATURE

Criminal Procedure
A"" a( &r#m R%C d 'isi#n '#nvi'ting Ru) n Burg#s #& t! 'rim #& I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms in Furt! ran' #& Su)v rsi#n FACTS $ Pr#s 'uti#n v rsi#nC K"#n #)taining in&#rmati#n &r#m #n C sar >asam(#., -!# " rs#na((* and v#(untari(* surr nd r d t# t! ;ava# d ( Sur "#(i' 4O stating t!at a''us d Ru) n Burg#s &#r'i)(* r 'ruit d !im t# /#in t! NPA -it! t! us #& a &ir arm against !is (i& , a t am -as dis"at'! d t! &#((#-ing da* t# arr st Burg#s, %!r#ug! t! ! (" #& P dr# Burg#s, t! )r#t! r #& a''us d, t! t am -as a)( t# (#'at Ru) n Burg#s, -!# -as "(#-ing !is &i (d at t! tim , $ 5! n as. d a)#ut t! &ir arm, t! a''us d d ni d "#ss ssi#n #& it, )ut a&t r 3u sti#ning t! a''us d0s -i& , t! "#(i' - r a)( t# (#'at and r tri v t! said &ir arm, a ,38 'a(i) r S T 5, )uri d in t! gr#und ) (#t! ir !#us , %! "#(i' , a&t r a''us d "#int d t! m t# t! (#'ati#n, - r a(s# a)( t# r tri v a(( g d su)v rsiv d#'um nts <a n#t )##. and a "am"!( t= !idd n und rgr#und a & - m t rs a-a* &r#m t! !#us , $ %# "r#v a''us d0s su)v rsiv a'tiviti s, >asam(#. t sti&i d t!at a''us d 'am t# !is !#us and t#(d !im t# /#in t! NPA #r !is &ami(* -i(( ) .i(( d a(#ng -it! !im, %! t!r at t# !is (i& and &ami(* &#r' d >asam(#. t# /#in t! NPA, 4 (at r att nd d an NPA s minar -! r Burg#s, t! &irst s" a. r, said v r* distin't(* t!at ! is an NPA t#g t! r -it! !is '#m"ani#ns, t# assur t! unit* #& t! 'ivi(ian, %!at ! n'#urag d t! gr#u" t# #v rt!r#- t! g#v rnm nt, %# "r#v i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n, a " rs#n in '!arg #& &ir arms and :"(#siv s #& t! PC 4O in ;ava# t sti&i d t!at a''us d -as n#t am#ng t! (ist #& &ir arm !#(d rs $ 1n t! #t! r !and, a''us d$a"" ((ants '(aims t!at ! -as ta. n t# t! PC )arra'.s and -! n ! d ni d #-n rs!i" #& t! gun, ! -as ) at n, t#rtur d, mau( d and su)/ 't d t# "!*si'a( ag#n*, 4 -as &#r' d t# admit "#ss ssi#n #r #-n rs!i" #& t! gun, 2 -itn ss s as - (( as Ru) n0s -i& Kr)ana, - r "r s nt d )* t! d & ns in su""#rt #& t! a''us d0s d nia( #& t! '!arg against !im, Kr)ana '(aim d t!at it -as >asam(#. -!# ( &t t! &ir arm t! r , $ %! R%C a&t r '#nsid ring t! vid n' s "r s nt d )* )#t! "r#s 'uti#n and d & ns '#nvi't d a''us d Ru) n Burg#s gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms in &urt! ran' #& su)v rsi#n, %! R%C /usti&i d t! -arrant( ss arr st as &a((ing und r #n #& t! 'ir'umstan' s -! n arr sts ma* ) va(id(* mad -it!#ut a -arrant, und r Ru( 113 S ',6 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, It stat d t!at v n i& t! r -as n# -arrant &#r t! arr st #& Burg#s, t! &a't t!at At! aut!#riti s r ' iv d an urg nt r "#rt #& a''us dQs inv#(v m nt in su)v rsiv a'tiviti s &r#m a r (ia)( s#ur' <r "#rt #& C sar >asam(#.= t! 'ir'umstan' s #& !is arr st, v n -it!#ut /udi'ia( -arrant, is (a-&u((* -it!in t! am)it #& S ', 6<a= #& Ru( 113 and a""(i'a)( /uris"rud n' #n t! matt r,B I& t! arr st is va(id, t! '#ns 3u nt s ar'! and s i8ur #& t! &ir arm and t! a(( g d su)v rsiv d#'um nts -#u(d ) '#m an in'id nt t# a (a-&u( arr st as "r#vid d )* Ru( 126, S ', 12, LA person charged with an offense ma' be searched for dangerous weapons or an'thing which ma' be used as proof of the commission of the offense.M ISSUES 1, 51N t! arr st -as (a-&u( and 51N t! s ar'! #& !is !#us and t! su)s 3u nt '#n&is'ati#n #& a &ir arm and d#'um nts '#ndu't d in a (a-&u( mann r,

a2010 page 5"

2, 51N t! r is n#ug! vid n' t# "r#v !is gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, HELD 1, N1 Art.*** !ec.D of the Constitution safeguards against wanton and unreasonable invasion of the privac' and libert' of a citi"en as to his person& papers and effects. In t!is 'as , t! arr st -as mad -it!#ut -arrant and sin' it d# s n#t &a(( -it!in t! :' "ti#ns #& arr sts t!at 'an ) mad -it!#ut a -arrant, it is un(a-&u( and t! r &#r , t! &ruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr d#'trin a""(i s, Reasoning Knd r S ',6 <a= #& Ru( 113, t! #&&i' r arr sting a " rs#n -!# !as /ust '#mmitt d, is '#mmitting, #r is a)#ut t# '#mmit an #&& ns must !av personal knowledge #& t!at &a't, %! #&& ns must a(s# ) '#mmitt d in !is "r s n' #r -it!in !is vi -, %! r is n# su'! " rs#na( .n#-( dg in t!is 'as , 5!at v r .n#-( dg -as "#ss ss d )* t! arr sting #&&i' rs, it 'am in its ntir t* &r#m t! in&#rmati#n &urnis! d )* C sar >asam(#., %! (#'ati#n #& t! &ir arm -as giv n )* Burg#s0 -i& , At t! tim #& arr st, Burg#s -as n#t in a'tua( "#ss ssi#n #& an* &ir arm #r su)v rsiv d#'um nt, N it! r -as ! '#mmitting an* a't -!i'! '#u(d ) d s'ri) d as su)v rsiv , 4 -as, in &a't, "(#-ing !is &i (d at t! tim , $ %! S#(G n ) (i v s t!at t! arr st ma* sti(( ) '#nsid r d (a-&u( und r S ',6<)= using t! t st #& r as#na)( n ss, %! S#(G n su)mits t!at t! in&# giv n )* >asam(#. -as su&&i'i nt t# indu' a r as#na)( gr#und t!at a 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! a''us d is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&, In arr sts -it!#ut a -arrant und r S ',6<)=, !#- v r, it is n#t n#ug! t!at t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! " rs#n t# ) arr st d !as '#mmitt d a 'rim , A 'rim must in &a't #r a'tua((* !av ) n '#mmitt d &irst, %!at a 'rim !as a'tua((* ) n '#mmitt d is an ss ntia( "r '#nditi#n, It is n#t n#ug! t# sus" 't t!at a 'rim ma* !av ) n '#mmitt d, %! &a't #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns must ) undis"ut d, %! t st #& r as#na)( gr#und a""(i s #n(* t# t! id ntit* #& t! " r" trat#r, In t!is 'as , t! a''us d -as arr st d #n t! s#( )asis #& >asam(#.Qs v r)a( r "#rt, >asam(#. ( d t! aut!#riti s t# sus" 't t!at t! a''us d !ad '#mmitt d a 'rim , %! * - r sti(( &is!ing &#r vid n' #& a 'rim n#t * t as' rtain d, %! su)s 3u nt r '#v r* #& t! su)/ 't &ir arm #n t! )asis #& in&#rmati#n &r#m t! (i"s #& a &rig!t n d -i& 'ann#t ma. t! arr st (a-&u(, I& an arr st -it!#ut -arrant is un(a-&u( at t! m#m nt it is mad , g n ra((* n#t!ing t!at !a"" n d #r is dis'#v r d a&t r-ards 'an ma. it (a-&u(, %! &ruit #& a "#is#n d tr is n ' ssari(* a(s# taint d, >#r im"#rtant, 5 &ind n# '#m" ((ing r as#n &#r t! !ast -it! -!i'! t! arr sting #&&i' rs s#ug!t t# arr st t! a''us d, 5 &ai( t# s -!* t! * &ai( d t# &irst g# t!r#ug! t! "r#' ss #& #)taining a -arrant #& arr st, i& ind d t! * !ad r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d !ad tru(* '#mmitt d a 'rim , %! r is n# s!#-ing t!at t! r -as a r a( a""r ! nsi#n t!at t! a''us d -as #n t! v rg #& &(ig!t #r s'a" , ?i. -is , t! r is n# s!#-ing t!at t! -! r a)#uts #& t! a''us d - r un.n#-n, $ %! )asis &#r t! a'ti#n ta. n )* t! arr sting #&&i' r -as t! v r)a( r "#rt mad )* >asam(#. -!# -as n#t r 3uir d t# su)s'ri) !is a(( gati#ns und r #at!, %! r -as n# '#m"u(si#n &#r !im t# stat trut!&u((* !is '!arg s und r "ain #& 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, C#ns 3u nt(*, t! n d t# g# t!r#ug! t! "r#' ss #& s 'uring a s ar'! -arrant and a -arrant #& arr st ) '#m s v n m#r '( ar, %! arr st #& t! a''us d -!i( ! -as "(#-ing !is &i (d is i(( ga(, %! arr st ) ing un(a-&u(, t! s ar'! and

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

s i8ur -!i'! trans"ir d a&t r-ards '#u(d n#t (i. -is ) d m d ( ga( as ) ing m r in'id nts t# a va(id arr st, N it! r 'an it ) "r sum d t!at t! r -as a -aiv r, #r t!at '#ns nt -as giv n )* t! a''us d t# ) s ar'! d sim"(* ) 'aus ! &ai( d t# #)/ 't, %# '#nstitut a -aiv r, it must a"" ar &irst t!at t! rig!t :ists; s '#nd(*, t!at t! " rs#n inv#(v d !ad .n#-( dg , a'tua( #r '#nstru'tiv , #& t! :ist n' #& su'! a rig!t; and (ast(*, t!at said " rs#n !ad an a'tua( int nti#n t# r (in3uis! t! rig!t, %! &a't t!at t! a''us d &ai( d t# #)/ 't t# t! ntr* int# !is !#us d# s n#t am#unt t# a " rmissi#n t# ma. a s ar'! t! r in, 2, N1, Sin' t! :tra$/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n, t! &ir arm, and t! a(( g d su)v rsiv d#'um nts ar inadmissi)( in vid n' , t! #n(* r maining "r##& t# sustain t! '!arg is t! t stim#n* #& >asam(#., -!i'! is inad 3uat t# '#nvi't Burg#s ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, Reasoning A(t!#ug! it is tru t!at t! tria( '#urt &#und >asam(#.0s t stim#n* 'r di)( and '#nvin'ing, t! SC is n#t n ' ssari(* )#und )* t! 'r di)i(it* -!i'! t! tria( '#urt atta'! s t# a "arti'u(ar -itn ss, As stat d in P #"( v Ca)r ra <100 SCRA 424=C /hen it comes to $uestion of credibilit' the findings of the trial court are entitled to great respect upon appeal for the obvious reason that it was able to observe the demeanor& actuations and deportment of the witnesses during the trial. But /e have also said that this rule is not absolute for otherwise there would be no reversals of convictions upon appeal. /e must reject the findings of the trial court where the record discloses circumstances of weight and substance which were not properl' appreciated b' the trial court. In t! instant 'as , >asam(#.0s t stim#n* -as t#ta((* un'#rr#)#rat d, C#nsid ring t!at >asam(#. surr nd r d t# t! mi(itar*, ' rtain(* !is &at d " nd d #n !#- ag r(* ! '##" rat d -it! t! aut!#riti s, 1t! r-is , ! -#u(d a(s# ) '!arg d -it! su)v rsi#n, >asam(#. ma* ) '#nsid r d as an int r st d -itn ss, 4is t stim#n* 'ann#t ) said t# ) &r &r#m t! #""#rtunit* and t m"tati#n t# ) :agg rat d and v n &a)ri'at d &#r it -as int nd d t# s 'ur !is &r d#m, >#r #v r, d s"it t! &a't t!at t! r - r #t! r " rs#ns "r s nt during t! a(( g d NPA s minar -!# '#u(d !av '#rr#)#rat d >asam(#.Qs t stim#n* t!at t! a''us d us d t! gun in &urt! ran' #& su)v rsiv a'tiviti s #r a'tua((* ngag d in su)v rsiv a'ts, t! "r#s 'uti#n n v r "r s nt d an* #t! r -itn ss, Dispositive +udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n is R7@7RS7; and S7% ASI;7, A''us d Burg#s is ACOKI%%7; #n gr#unds #& r as#na)( d#u)t,

ALIH v CASTRO 151 SCRA 292 CRKL; +un 23, 1289

NATURE P titi#n &#r "r#!i)iti#n and mandamus -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n and r straining #rd r FACTS $ 1n N#v m) r 25, 1284, a '#nting nt #& m#r t!an t-# !undr d P!i(i""in marin s and ( m nts #& t! !#m d & ns &#r' s raid d t! '#m"#und #''u"i d )* t! " titi#n rs at G#v, A(var 8 str t, Lam)#anga Cit*, in s ar'! #& (##s &ir arms, ammuniti#n and #t! r :"(#siv s, $ %! mi(itar* #" rati#n -as '#mm#n(* .n#-n and dr ad d as a R8#na,R -!i'! -as (i. t! & ar d "ra'ti' #& t! . m" itai during t! +a"an s

Criminal Procedure
1''u"ati#n #& r#unding u" t! " #"( in a (#'a(it*, arr sting t! " rs#ns &ing r d )* a !##d d in&#rm r, and : 'uting t! m #utrig!t <a(t!#ug! t! (ast "art is n#t in'(ud d in t! m#d rn r &in m nt=, $ %! initia( r a'ti#n #& t! " #"( insid t! '#m"#und -as t# r sist t! invasi#n -it! a )urst #& gun&ir , %! s#(di rs r turn d &ir and a )(##d* s!##t$#ut nsu d, r su(ting in a num) r #& 'asua(ti s, $ 16 ma( #''u"ants - r arr st d, (at r t# ) &ing r$"rint d, "ara&&in$ t st d and "!#t#gra"! d #v r t! ir #)/ 'ti#n, %! mi(itar* a(s# inv nt#ri d and '#n&is'at d nin >16 ri&( s, #n >14 ri&( , nin ri&( gr nad s, and s v ra( r#unds #& ammuniti#n &#und in t! "r mis s, $ 1n ; ' m) r 21, 1284, t! " titi#n rs 'am t# t!is C#urt, %! ir "ur"#s -as t# r '#v r t! arti'( s s i8 d &r#m t! m, t# "r v nt t! s &r#m ) ing us d as vid n' against t! m, and t# '!a(( ng t! ir &ing r$ "rinting, "!#t#gra"!ing and "ara&&in$t sting as vi#(ativ #& t! ir rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n, $ %! " titi#n rs d mand t! r turn #& t! arms and ammuniti#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! * - r ta. n -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant as r 3uir d )* t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts, %!is is '#n&irm d )* t! said r "#rt and in &a't admitt d )* t! r s"#nd nts, R)ut -it! av#idan' , ISSUE 51N t! s ar'! #& " titi#n rs0 "r mis s -as i(( ga(, HELD 67S, Ratio 7v n i& - r assum d &#r t! sa. #& argum nt t!at t! * - r gui(t*, t! * -#u(d n#t !av ) n an* ( ss ntit( d t# t! "r#t 'ti#n #& t! C#nstituti#n, -!i'! '#v rs )#t! t! inn#' nt and t! gui(t*, Reasoning Article *<& !ection C& of the 78PC Constitution C %! rig!t #& t! " #"( t# ) s 'ur in t! ir " rs#ns, !#us s, "a" rs, and && 'ts against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s #& -!at v r natur and &#r an* "ur"#s s!a(( n#t ) vi#(at d, and n# s ar'! -arrant #r -arrant #& arr st s!a(( issu :' "t u"#n "r#)a)( 'aus t# ) d t rmin d )* t! /udg , #r su'! #t! r r s"#nsi)( #&&i' r as ma* ) aut!#ri8 d )* (a-, a&t r :aminati#n und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n #& t! '#m"(ainant and t! -itn ss s ! ma* "r#du' , and "arti'u(ar(* d s'ri)ing t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d, and t! " rs#ns #r t!ings t# ) s i8 d, Article *<& !ection :0D4 An* vid n' #)tain d in vi#(ati#n #& t!is #r t! "r ' ding s 'ti#n s!a(( ) inadmissi)( &#r an* "ur"#s in an* "r#' ding, $%! r s"#nd nts, -!i( admitting t! a)s n' #& t! r 3uir d su'! -arrant, s#ug!t t# /usti&* t! ir a't #n t! gr#und t!at t! * - r a'ting und r su" ri#r #rd rs, %! r -as a(s# t! sugg sti#n t!at t! m asur -as n ' ssar* ) 'aus #& t! aggravati#n #& t! " a' and #rd r "r#)( m g n rat d )* t! assassinati#n #& >a*#r C sar C(ima'#, $ Su" ri#r #rd rsR 'ann#t, #& '#urs , '#unt rmand t! C#nstituti#n, %! &a't t!at t! " titi#n rs - r sus" 't d #& t! C(ima'# .i((ing did n#t :'us t! '#nstituti#na( s!#rt$'uts t! r s"#nd nts t##., $ Lam)#anga Cit* at t! tim in 3u sti#n ' rtain(* did n#t :'us t! n#n$ #)s rvan' #& t! '#nstituti#na( guarant* against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, %! r -as n# stat #& !#sti(iti s in t! ar a t# /usti&*, assuming it '#u(d, t! r "r ssi#ns '#mmitt d t! r in against t! " titi#n rs,

a2010 page 60
$ %! r '#rd d# s n#t dis'(#s t!at t! " titi#n rs - r -ant d 'rimina(s #r &ugitiv s &r#m /usti' , At t! tim #& t! R8#na,R t! * - r m r (* sus" 't d #& t! ma*#rQs s(a*ing and !ad n#t in &a't v n ) n inv stigat d &#r it, As m r sus" 'ts, t! * - r "r sum d inn#' nt and n#t gui(t* as summari(* "r#n#un' d )* t! mi(itar*, $ (a'.ing t! s!i (d #& inn#' n' , t! gui(t* n d t! arm#r #& t! C#nstituti#n, t# "r#t 't t! m, n#t &r#m a d s rv d s nt n' , )ut &r#m ar)itrar* "unis!m nt, 7v r* " rs#n is ntit( d t# du "r#' ss, It is n# :agg rati#n t!at t! )as st 'rimina(, rang d against t! r st #& t! " #"( -!# -#u(d '#nd mn !im #utrig!t, is sti((, und r t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts, a ma/#rit* #& #n , $ %! r s"#nd nts 'ann#t v n "( ad t! urg n'* #& t! raid ) 'aus it -as in &a't n#t urg nt, %! * .n - -! r t! " titi#n rs - r , %! * !ad v r* #""#rtunit* t# g t a s ar'! -arrant ) &#r ma.ing t! raid, I& t! * - r -#rri d t!at t! - a"#ns insid t! '#m"#und -#u(d ) s"irit d a-a*, t! * '#u(d !av surr#und d t! "r mis s in t! m antim , as a "r v ntiv m asur , $ C$0.%2+09 '(,' '(% -%,*.( ?,- '*uly ?,**,0'l%--, /+9(' 0$' '(% -%,*.( ,02 -%+7u*% @% 0$0%'(%l%-- .$0-+2%*%2 v,l+2 @%.,u-% +' ?,+0.+2%0',l '$ , l%9,l ,**%-'O Sur (* n#t, I& a(( t! (a- n&#r' m nt aut!#riti s !av t# d# is &#r' t! ir -a* int# an* !#us and t! n "i'. u" an*t!ing t! * s t! r #n t! gr#und t!at t! #''u"ants ar r sisting arr st, t! n - mig!t as - (( d ( t t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts as a &uss* r dundan'*, $ I& '(% ,**%-' ?,- /,2% u02%* Rul% 44B, S%.'+$0 !, $& '(% Rul%- $& C$u*' +0 .$00%.'+$0 ?+'( , .*+/% ,@$u' '$ @% .$//+''%2, @%+09 .$//+''%2, $* 8u-' .$//+''%2, ?(,' ?,- '(,' .*+/%O %! r is n# a(( gati#n in t! r '#rd #& su'! a /usti&i'ati#n, Par nt! ti'a((*, it ma* ) #)s rv d t!at und r t! R vis d Ru( 113, S 'ti#n 5<)=, t! #&&i' r ma.ing t! arr st must !av " rs#na( .n#-( dg #& t! gr#und t! r &#r, $ It &#((#-s t!at as t! s ar'! #& t! " titi#n rsQ "r mis s -as vi#(ativ #& t! C#nstituti#n, a(( t! &ir arms and ammuniti#n ta. n &r#m t! raid d '#m"#und ar inadmissi)( in vid n' in an* #& t! "r#' dings against t! " titi#n rs, %! s arti'( s ar R&ruits #& t! "#is#n#us tr , Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! s ar'! #& t! " titi#n rsQ "r mis s #n N#v m) r 25, 1284, is ! r )* d '(ar d I??7GA? and a(( t! arti'( s s i8 d as a r su(t t! r #& ar inadmissi)( in vid n' against t! " titi#n rs in an* "r#' dings, 4#- v r, t! said arti'( s s!a(( r main in 'ust#dia ( gis " nding t! #ut'#m #& t! 'rimina( 'as s t!at !av ) n #r ma* (at r ) &i( d against t! " titi#n rs,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

n#ti' d !im t# ) a'ting sus"i'i#us(* -!i( t! * - r -it!in t! "r mis s #& t! Ri8a( > m#ria( C#(( g s %! * a""r#a'! d t! " titi#n r and id nti&i d t! ms (v s as m m) rs #& t! INP, P titi#n r att m"t d t# &( )ut !is att m"t t# g t a-a* -as t!-art d )* t! t-# n#t-it!standing !is r sistan' , %! * t! n '! '. d t! R)uriR )ag #& t! " titi#n r -! r t! * &#und #n <1= 'a(i) r ,38 Smit! T 5 ss#n r v#(v r -it! S ria( N#, 990126 t-# <2= r#unds #& (iv ammuniti#n &#r a ,38 'a(i) r gun a sm#. <t ar gas= gr nad , and t-# <2= (iv ammuniti#ns &#r a ,22 'a(i) r gun, %! * )r#ug!t t! " titi#n r t# t! "#(i' stati#n &#r &urt! r inv stigati#n, In t! '#urs #& t! sam , t! " titi#n r -as as. d t# s!#- t! n ' ssar* (i' ns #r aut!#rit* t# "#ss ss &ir arms and ammuniti#ns &#und in !is "#ss ssi#n )ut ! &ai( d t# d# s#, $ 4 -as t! n ta. n t# t! ;ava# > tr#dis'#m #&&i' and t! "r#!i)it d arti'( s r '#v r d &r#m !im - r ind#rs d t# >MSgt, ;id#* t! #&&i' r t! n #n dut*, 4 -as "r#s 'ut d &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#ns in t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& ;ava# Cit* -! r in a&t r a "( a #& n#t gui(t* and tria( #n t! m rits a d 'isi#n -as r nd r d #n 1't#) r 8, 1289 &inding " titi#n r gui(t* #& t! #&& ns , <It a"" aring t!at t! a''us d -as ) (#- ig!t n <18= * ars #(d at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns <Art, 68, "ar, 2=, ! -as s nt n' d t# an ind t rminat " na(t* ranging &r#m %7N <10= 67ARS and 1N7 <1= ;A6 #& prision ma'or t# %57?@7 <12= 6 ars, FI@7 <5= m#nt!s and 7( v n <11= da*s #& Reclusion Temporal, and t# "a* t! '#sts, %! &ir arm, ammuniti#ns and sm#. gr nad ar &#r& it d in &av#r #& t! g#v rnm nt and t! Bran'! C( r. #& C#urt is ! r )* dir 't d t# turn #v r said it ms t# t! C!i &, ;ava# > tr#dis'#m, ;ava# Cit*,= $ %! " titi#n r int r"#s d an a"" a( t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s -! r in in du '#urs a d 'isi#n -as r nd r d #n F )ruar* 23, 1282 a&&irming t! a"" a( d d 'isi#n -it! '#sts against t! " titi#n r, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n &#r r vi -, t! main t!rust #& -!i'! is t!at t! r ) ing n# (a-&u( arr st #r s ar'! and s i8ur , t! it ms -!i'! - r '#n&is'at d &r#m t! "#ss ssi#n #& t! " titi#n r ar inadmissi)( in vid n' against !im, ISSUE 51N t! -arrant( ss s ar'! im"#s d #n t! " titi#n r is va(id HELD N1 Ratio $ %! argum nt #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( t!at -! n t! t-# "#(i' m n a""r#a'! d t! " titi#n r, ! -as a'tua((* '#mmitting #r !ad /ust '#mmitt d t! #&& ns #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#ns in t! "r s n' #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs and '#ns 3u nt(* t! s ar'! and s i8ur #& t! '#ntra)and -as in'id nta( t# t! (a-&u( arr st in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#n 12, Ru( 126 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur is unt na)( , At t! tim t! " a' #&&i' rs in t!is 'as id nti&i d t! ms (v s and a""r ! nd d t! " titi#n r as ! att m"t d t# &( t! * did n#t .n#t!at ! !ad '#mmitt d, #r -as a'tua((* '#mmitting t! #&& ns #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#ns, %! * /ust sus" 't d t!at ! -as !iding s#m t!ing in t! )uri )ag, %! * did n#- .n#- -!at its '#nt nts - r , %! said 'ir'umstan' s did n#t /usti&* an arr st -it!#ut a -arrant, 4#- v r, t! r ar man* instan' s -! r a -arrant and s i8ur 'an ) && 't d -it!#ut n ' ssari(* ) ing "r ' d d )* an arr st, &#r m#st #& -!i'! is t! Rst#" and s ar'!R -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant at mi(itar* #r

POSADAS v CA :PEOPLE< 188 SCRA 288 GANCA6C1; August 2, 1220

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi FACTS - Pat, Krsi'i# Knga) and Pat, Km)ra Km"ar, )#t! m m) rs #& t! Int grat d Nati#na( P#(i' <INP= #& t! ;ava# > tr#dis'#m assign d -it! t! Int ((ig n' %as. F#r' , - r '#ndu'ting a surv i((an' a(#ng >aga((an s Str t, ;ava# Cit* #n 1't#) r 16, 1286 at a)#ut 10C00 #Q'(#'. in t! m#rning, %! * s"#tt d " titi#n r 'arr*ing a R)uriR )ag and t! *

Criminal Procedure
"#(i' '! '."#ints, t! '#nstituti#na(it* #r va(idit* #& -!i'! !as ) n u"! (d )* t!is C#urt in <almonte vs. de <illa 0to $uote @ot all searches and sei"ures are prohibited. Those which are reasonable are not forbidden. A reasonable search is not to be determined b' an' fi+ed formula but is to be resolved according to the facts of each case. /here& for e+ample& the officer merel' draws aside the curtain of a vacant vehicle which is parked on the public fair grounds& or simpl' looks into a vehicle or flashes a light therein& these do not constitute unreasonable search. True& the manning of checkpoints b' the militar' is susceptible of abuse b' the men in uniform in the same manner that all governmental power is susceptible of abuse. But& at the cost of occasional inconvenience& discomfort and even irritation to the citi"en& the checkpoints during these abnormal times& when conducted within reasonable limits& are part of the price we pa' for an orderl' societ' and a peaceful communit'. Checkpoints ma' also be regarded as measures to thwart plots to destabili"e the government in the interest of public securit'. *n this connection& the Court ma' take judicial notice of the shift to urban centers and their suburbs of the insurgenc' movement& so clearl' reflected in the increased killings in cities of police and militar' men b' @PA 6sparrow units&6 not to mention the abundance of unlicensed firearms and the alarming rise in lawlessness and violence in such urban centers& not all of which are reported in media& most likel' brought about b' deteriorating economic conditions 3 which all sum up to what one can rightl' consider& at the ver' least& as abnormal times.4 $ In t!is 'as , t! -arrant( ss s ar'! and s i8ur is m#r r as#na)( '#nsid ring t!at un(i. in t! &#rm r, it -as && 't d #n t! )asis #& a "r#)a)( 'aus , %! "r#)a)( 'aus is t!at -! n t! " titi#n r a't d sus"i'i#us(* and att m"t d t# &( -it! t! )uri )ag t! r -as a "r#)a)( 'aus t!at ! -as '#n' a(ing s#m t!ing i(( ga( in t! )ag and it -as t! rig!t and dut* #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs t# ins" 't t! sam , It is t## mu'! ind d t# r 3uir t! "#(i' #&&i' rs t# s ar'! t! )ag in t! "#ss ssi#n #& t! " titi#n r #n(* a&t r t! * s!a(( !av #)tain d a s ar'! -arrant &#r t! "ur"#s , Su'! an : r'is ma* "r#v t# ) us ( ss, &uti( and mu'! t## (at , $ In People vs. C1* of Ri"al, t! C#urt ! (d as &#((#-sC , , , In t! #rdinar* 'as s -! r -arrant is indis" nsa)(* n ' ssar*, t! m '!ani's "r s'ri) d )* t! C#nstituti#n and r it rat d in t! Ru( s #& C#urt must ) &#((#- d and satis&i d, But 5 n d n#t argu t!at t! r ar :' "ti#ns, %!us in t! :tra#rdinar* v nts -! r -arrant is n#t n ' ssar* t# && 't a va(id s ar'! #r s i8ur , #r -! n t! (att r 'ann#t ) " r&#rm d :' "t -it!#ut -arrant, -!at '#nstitut s a r as#na)( #r unr as#na)( s ar'! #r s i8ur ) '#m s "ur (* a /udi'ia( 3u sti#n, d t rmina)( &r#m t! uni3u n ss #& t! 'ir'umstan' s inv#(v d, in'(uding t! "ur"#s #& t! s ar'! #r s i8ur , t! "r s n' #r a)s n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus , t! mann r in -!i'! t! s ar'! and s i8ur -as mad , t! "(a' #r t!ing s ar'! d and t! '!ara't r #& t! arti'( s "r#'ur d, C( ar(*, t! s ar'! in t! 'as at )ar 'an ) sustain d und r t! :' "ti#ns ! r t#&#r dis'uss d, and ! n' , t! '#nstituti#na( guarant against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s !as n#t ) n vi#(at d, Dispositive %! " titi#n is d ni d

a2010 page 61
MALALOAN v CA :FINEZA< 232 SCRA 242 R7GA?A;1; >a* 6, 1224
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n certiorari #& a d 'isi#n #& CA, FACTS $ 1st ?t, A)sa(#n @, Sa()#r# #& t! CAPC1> N#rt! rn S 't#r <n#- C ntra( S 't#r= &i( d -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Sa(##.an Cit* an a""(i'ati#n &#r s ar'! -arrant, %! s ar'! -arrant -as s#ug!t &#r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! an a(( g d vi#(ati#n #& P,;, 1866 <I(( ga( P#ss ssi#n #& Fir arms and Ammuniti#ns= " r" trat d at N#, 25 N -"#rt St,, '#rn r >ar()#r# St,, Fairvi -, 6UEZON CITY# 1n >ar'! 23, 1220, *%-)$02%0' RTC Ju29% $& IALOOIAN CITY issu d S ar'! 5arrant N#, 25$20, $ 1n t! sam da*, at ar#und 2C30 ",m,, m m) rs #& t! CAPC1>, arm d -it! su)/ 't s ar'! -arrant, "r#' d d t# t! situs #& t! #&& ns a((ud d t#, -! r a (a)#r s minar #& t! 7'um ni'a( Institut &#r ?a)#r 7du'ati#n and R s ar'! <7I?7R= -as t! n ta.ing "(a' , A''#rding t# CAPC1>Qs QInv nt#r* #& Pr#" rt* S i8 d,Q &ir arms, :"(#siv mat ria(s and su)v rsiv d#'um nts, am#ng #t! rs, - r s i8 d and ta. n during t! s ar'!, And a(( t! si:t*$#n <61= " rs#ns &#und -it!in t! "r mis s s ar'! d - r )r#ug!t t# Cam" Saringa(, Ou 8#n Cit* )ut m#st #& t! m - r (at r r ( as d, -it! t! :' "ti#n #& t! ! r in " titi#n rs, 7I?7R Instru't#rs, -!# - r indi't d &#r vi#(ati#n #& P,;, 1866 in Crimina( Cas N#, O$20$11959 ) &#r Bran'! 88 #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit*, "r sid d #v r )* r s"#nd nt +udg %irs# ;,C, @ (as'#, $ 1n +u(* 10, 1220, " titi#n rs "r s nt d a Q>#ti#n &#r C#ns#(idati#n, Ouas!a( #& S ar'! 5arrant and F#r t! Su""r ssi#n #& A(( I(( ga((* A'3uir d 7vid n' Q ) &#r t! Ou 8#n Cit* '#urt; and a QSu""( m nta( >#ti#n t# t! >#ti#n &#r C#ns#(idati#n, Ouas!a( #& S ar'! 5arrant and 7:'(usi#n #& vid n' I(( ga((* 1)tain dQ, $ 1n S "t m) r 21, 1220, t! r s"#nd nt Ou 8#n Cit* +udg issu d t! '!a(( ng d #rd r, '#ns#(idating su)/ 't 'as s )ut d n*ing t! "ra* r &#r t! 3uas!a( #& t! s ar'! -arrant und r atta'., t! va(idit* #& -!i'! -arrant -as u"! (d; #"ining t!at t! sam &a((s und r t! 'at g#r* #& 5rits and Pr#' ss s, -it!in t! '#nt m"(ati#n #& "aragra"!s 3<)= #& t! Int rim Ru( s and Guid (in s, and 'an ) s rv n#t #n(* -it!in t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& t! issuing '#urt )ut an*-! r in t! /udi'ia( r gi#n #& t! issuing '#urt <Nati#na( Ca"ita( +udi'ia( R gi#n=, $ R s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s r nd r d /udgm nt, in && 't a&&irming t!at #& t! tria( '#urt, )* d n*ing du '#urs t# t! " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and (i&ting t! t m"#rar* r straining #rd r it !ad issu d #n N#v m) r 22, 1220 in '#nn 'ti#n t! r -it!, %!is /udgm nt #& r s"#nd nt '#urt is n#im"ugn d in and s#ug!t t# ) r v rs d t!r#ug! t! "r s nt r '#urs ) &#r us, ISSUE 51N a '#urt ma* ta. '#gni8an' #& an a""(i'ati#n &#r a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! an #&& ns '#mmitt d #utsid its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n and t# issu a -arrant t# '#ndu't a s ar'! #n a "(a' (i. -is #utsid its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, HELD

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

67S $ N# (a- #r ru( im"#s s su'! a (imitati#n #n s ar'! -arrants, in t! sam mann r t!at n# su'! r stri'ti#n is "r#vid d &#r -arrants #& arr st, %! argum nts #& " titi#n rs ar n#t in& ra)( )* n ' ssar* im"(i'ati#n &r#m t! statut#r* "r#visi#ns -!i'! ar "r sum d t# ) '#m"( t and :"r ssiv #& t! int ndm nt #& t! &ram rs, A '#ntrar* int r"r tati#n #n -!at v r "r t :t s!#u(d n#t ) '#unt nan' d, $ A )it #& ( ga( !ist#r* #n !is '#nt stati#n -i(( ) ! ("&u(, %! /urisdi'ti#na( ru( ! r t#&#r -as t!at -rits and "r#' ss #& t! s#$'a(( d in& ri#r '#urts '#u(d ) n&#r' d #utsid t! "r#vin' #n(* -it! t! a""r#va( #& t! &#rm r '#urt #& &irst instan' , Knd r t! +udi'iar* R #rgani8ati#n A't, t! n&#r' m nt #& su'! -rits and "r#' ss s n# (#ng r n ds t! a""r#va( #& t! r gi#na( tria( '#urt, 1n t! #t! r !and, -!i( , &#rm r(*, -rits and "r#' ss s #& t! t! n '#urts #& &irst instan' - r n&#r' a)( t!r#ug!#ut t! P!i(i""in s, und r t! Int rim #r %ransiti#na( Ru( s and Guid (in s, ' rtain s" 'i&i d -rits issu d )* a r gi#na( tria( '#urt ar n#- n&#r' a)( #n(* -it!in its /udi'ia( r gi#n, - PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS %! C#urt 'ann#t ) )(ind t# t! &a't t!at it is :tr m (* di&&i'u(t, as it und nia)(* is, t# d t 't #r (i'it in&#rmati#n r garding t! :ist n' and (#'ati#n #& i(( ga((* "#ss ss d #r "r#!i)it d arti'( s, %! C#urt is a''#rding(* '#nvin' d t!at it s!#u(d n#t ma. t! r 3uisit s &#r t! a""r ! nsi#n #& t! 'u("rits and t! '#n&is'ati#n #& su'! i((i'it it ms, #n' d t 't d, m#r #n r#us i& n#t im"#ssi)( )* im"#sing &urt! r ni' ti s #& "r#' dur #r su)stantiv ru( s #& /urisdi'ti#n t!r#ug! d 'isi#na( di'ta, F#r t!at matt r, - ar una-ar #& an* instan' -! r in a s ar'! -arrant -as stru'. d#-n #n #)/ 'ti#ns )as d #n t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, $ 5 d# n#t ) (i v t!at t! n&#r' m nt #& a s ar'! -arrant issu d )* a '#urt #utsid t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n -! r in t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d is (#'at d -#u(d 'r at a '#nstituti#na( 3u sti#n, N#r ar - s-a* d )* t! "r#& ss d a""r ! nsi#n t!at t! (a- n&#r' m nt aut!#riti s ma* r s#rt t# -!at '#u(d ) a " rmutati#n #& &#rum s!#""ing, )* &i(ing an a""(i'ati#n &#r t! -arrant -it! a R&ri nd(*R '#urt, It n d m r (* ) r 'a(( d t!at a s ar'! -arrant is #n(* a "r#' ss, n#t an a'ti#n, Furt! rm#r , t! '#nstituti#na( mandat is trans(at d int# s" 'i&i'a((* num rat d sa& guards in Ru( 126 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur &#r t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrant, and a(( t! s !av t# ) #)s rv d r gard( ss #& -!at v r '#urt in -!i'! v r r gi#n is im"#rtun d &#r #r a'tua((* issu s a s ar'! -arrant, Said r 3uir m nts, t#g t! r -it! t! t n$ da* (i& tim #& t! -arrant -#u(d dis'#urag r s#rt t# a '#urt in an#t! r /udi'ia( r gi#n, n#t #n(* ) 'aus #& t! distan' )ut a(s# t! '#nting n'i s #& trav ( and t! dang r inv#(v d, un( ss t! r ar r a((* '#m" ((ing r as#ns &#r t! aut!#riti s t# d# s#, B sid s, it d# s s m #dd t!at su'! '#nstituti#na( "r#t sts !av n#t ) n mad against -arrants #& arr st -!i'! ar n&#r' a)( ind &init (* and an*-! r a(t!#ug! t! * inv#(v , n#t #n(* "r#" rt* and "riva'*, )ut " rs#ns and (i) rt*, $ 1n t! #t! r !and, it is a matt r #& /udi'ia( .n#-( dg t!at t! aut!#riti s !av t# '#nt nd n#- and t! n -it! (#'a( and nati#na( 'rimina( s*ndi'at s #& '#nsid ra)( "#- r and in&(u n' , "#(iti'a( #r &inan'ia( in natur , and s# " rvasiv as t# r nd r &##(!ard* an* att m"t t# #)tain a s ar'! -arrant in t! v r* (#'a( und r t! ir s"! r #& '#ntr#(, N#r s!#u(d - #v r(##. t! &a't t!at t# d# s# -i(( n ' ssitat t! trans"#rtati#n #& a""(i'antQs -itn ss s t# and t! ir :aminati#n in said "(a' s, -it! t! att ndant ris., dang r and :" ns , A(s#, a &urt! r - (($&#und d "r 'auti#n, #)vi#us(*

ALLADO v DIOINO Dsu"ra, "ag 48E

Criminal Procedure
)#rn #& :" ri n' and v ri&ia)( data, is arti'u(at d )* t! '#urt a 3u#, as 3u#t d )* r s"#nd nt '#urtC R%!is '#urt is #& t! &urt! r ) (i & t!at t! "#ssi)( ( a.ag #& in&#rmati#n -!i'! is #& utm#st im"#rtan' in t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrant is s 'ur d <against= -! r t! issuing magistrat -it!in t! r gi#n d# s n#t !#(d '#urt s ssi#ns in t! 'it* #r muni'i"a(it*, -it!in t! r gi#n, -! r t! "(a' t# ) s ar'! d is (#'at d,R $ %! &#r g#ing situati#ns ma* a(s# !av #)tain d and - r ta. n int# a''#unt in t! &#r ign /udi'ia( "r#n#un' m nt t!at, in t! a)s n' #& statut#r* r stri'ti#ns, a /usti' #& t! " a' in #n distri't #& t! '#unt* ma* issu a s ar'! -arrant t# ) s rv d in an#t! r distri't #& t! '#unt* and mad r turna)( ) &#r t! /usti' #& sti(( an#t! r distri't #r an#t! r '#urt !aving /urisdi'ti#n t# d a( -it! t! matt rs inv#(v d, In t! "r s nt stat #& #ur (a- #n t! matt r, - &ind n# su'! statut#r* r stri'ti#ns )#t! -it! r s" 't t# t! '#urt -!i'! 'an issu t! s ar'! -arrant and t! n&#r' m nt t! r #& an*-! r in t! P!i(i""in s, - NONETHELESS, TO PUT DOUBTS TO REST, THE SUPREME COURT LAID DO"N THE FOLLO"ING POLICY GUIDELINES; 1, %! C#urt -! r in t! 'rimina( 'as is " nding s!a(( !av "rimar* /urisdi'ti#n t# issu s ar'! -arrants n ' ssitat d )* and &#r "ur"#s s #& said 'as , An a""(i'ati#n &#r a s ar'! -arrant ma* ) &i( d -it! an#t! r '#urt #n(* und r :tr m and '#m" ((ing 'ir'umstan' s t!at t! a""(i'ant must "r#v t# t! satis&a'ti#n #& t! (att r '#urt -!i'! ma* #r ma* n#t giv du '#urs t# t! a""(i'ati#n d " nding #n t! va(idit* #& t! /usti&i'ati#n #&& r d &#r n#t &i(ing t! sam in t! '#urt -it! "rimar* /urisdi'ti#n t! r #v r, 2, 5! n t! (att r '#urt issu s t! s ar'! -arrant, a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! sam ma* ) &i( d in and s!a(( ) r s#(v d )* said '#urt, -it!#ut "r /udi' t# an* "r#" r r '#urs t# t! a""r#"riat !ig! r '#urt )* t! "art* aggri v d )* t! r s#(uti#n #& t! issuing '#urt, A(( gr#unds and #)/ 'ti#ns t! n avai(a)( , :ist nt #r .n#-n s!a(( ) rais d in t! #rigina( #r su)s 3u nt "r#' dings &#r t! 3uas!a( #& t! -arrant, #t! r-is t! * s!a(( ) d m d -aiv d, 3, 5! r n# m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! s ar'! -arrant -as &i( d in #r r s#(v d )* t! issuing '#urt, t! int r st d "art* ma* m#v in t! '#urt -! r t! 'rimina( 'as is " nding &#r t! su""r ssi#n as vid n' #& t! " rs#na( "r#" rt* s i8 d und r t! -arrant i& t! sam is #&& r d t! r in &#r said "ur"#s , Sin' t-# s "arat '#urts -it! di&& r nt "arti'i"ati#ns ar inv#(v d in t!is situati#n, a m#ti#n t# 3uas! a s ar'! -arrant and a m#ti#n t# su""r ss vid n' ar a(t rnativ and n#t 'umu(ativ r m di s, In #rd r t# "r v nt &#rum s!#""ing, a m#ti#n t# 3uas! s!a(( '#ns 3u nt(* ) g#v rn d )* t! #mni)us m#ti#n ru( , "r#vid d, !#- v r, t!at #)/ 'ti#ns n#t avai(a)( , :ist nt #r .n#-n during t! "r#' dings &#r t! 3uas!a( #& t! -arrant ma* ) rais d in t! ! aring #& t! m#ti#n t# su""r ss, %! r s#(uti#n #& t! '#urt #n t! m#ti#n t# su""r ss s!a(( (i. -is ) su)/ 't t# an* "r#" r r m d* in t! a""r#"riat !ig! r '#urt, 4, 5! r t! '#urt -!i'! issu d t! s ar'! -arrant d ni s t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! sam and is n#t #t! r-is "r v nt d &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding t! r #n, a(( " rs#na( "r#" rt* s i8 d und r t! -arrant s!a(( &#rt!-it! ) transmitt d )* it t# t! '#urt -! r in t! 'rimina( 'as is " nding, -it! t! n ' ssar* sa& guards and d#'um ntati#n t! r &#r, 5, %! s guid (in s s!a(( (i. -is ) #)s rv d -! r t! sam 'rimina( #&& ns is '!arg d in di&& r nt in&#rmati#ns #r '#m"(aints and &i( d in t-# #r m#r '#urts -it! '#n'urr nt #rigina( /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'rimina( a'ti#n, 5! n t! issu #& -!i'! '#urt -i(( tr* t! 'as s!a(( !av ) n r s#(v d,

a2010 page 62
su'! '#urt s!a(( ) '#nsid r d as v st d -it! "rimar* /urisdi'ti#n t# a't #n a""(i'ati#ns &#r s ar'! -arrants in'id nt t# t! 'rimina( 'as , Dispositive 547R7F1R7, #n t! &#r g#ing "r mis s, t! instant " titi#n is ;7NI7; and t! assai( d /udgm nt #& r s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s in CA$G,R, SP N#, 23533 is ! r )* AFFIR>7;,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

+udi'ia( ;istri't, %!at n#)#d* '!a(( ng d #n /urisdi'ti#na( gr#und t! issuan' #& t! s s ar'! -arrants is n# argum nt in &av#r #& t! un(imit d "#- r #& a '#urt t# issu s ar'! -arrants, $ I !av s ri#us misgivings #n t! ma/#rit* d 'isi#n #n t! matt r -! r an#t! r '#urt ma*, ) 'aus #& :tr m and '#m" ((ing 'ir'umstan' s, issu a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! a 'rimina( 'as " nding in an a""r#"riat '#urt, %# i((ustrat t!is :' "ti#n, t! >uni'i"a( %ria( C#urt #& Arga#, C )u, ma* va(id(* issu a -arrant &#r t! s ar'! #& a !#us in ;ava# Cit* and t! s i8ur #& an* "r#" rt* t! r in t!at ma* !av ) n us d in '#mmitting an #&& ns in >ani(a a(r ad* t! su)/ 't #& an in&#rmati#n &i( d -it! t! > tr#"#(itan %ria( C#urt #& >ani(a, I su)mit t!at t! :' "ti#n vi#(at s t! s tt( d "rin'i"( t!at v n in 'as s #& '#n'urr nt /urisdi'ti#n, t! &irst '#urt -!i'! a'3uir s /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as a'3uir s it t# t! :'(usi#n #& t! #t! r, <P #"( vs, F rnand#, 23 SCRA 869, 890 D1268E=, %!is ) ing s#, it is -it! m#r r as#n t!at a '#urt -!i'! d# s n#t !av '#n'urr nt /urisdi'ti#n -it! t! &irst -!i'! !ad ta. n '#gni8an' #& t! 'as d# s n#t a(s# !av t! aut!#rit* t# issu -rits #r "r#' ss s, in'(uding s ar'! -arrants, in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! " nding 'as , >#r #v r, sin' t! issuan' #& a s ar'! -arrants is an in'id nt t# a main 'as #r is an : r'is #& t! an'i((ar* /urisdi'ti#n #& a '#urt, t! '#urt -! r t! main 'as is &i( d !as :'(usiv /urisdi'ti#n #v r a(( in'id nts t! r t# and in t! issuan' #& a(( -rits and "r#' ss s in '#nn 'ti#n t! r -it!, Furt! rm#r , inst ad #& s rving t! nds #& /usti' , t! :' "ti#n ma* "r#vid r##m &#r un-arrant d a)us #& t! /udi'ia( "r#' ss, -r a. /udi'ia( !av#' and "r#' dura( '#m"( :iti s -!i'! && 'tiv (a- n&#r' m nt a""ar nt(* 'ann#t /usti&*, I 'ann#t '#n' iv #& an* :tr m and '#m" ((ing 'ir'umstan' -!i'! t! '#urt t!at &irst a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as 'ann#t ad 3uat (* m t -it!in its )r#ad "#- rs and aut!#rit*, $ In t! (ig!t #& t! &#r g#ing, and a&t r r $ :amining m* #rigina( vi - in t!is 'as , I r s" 't&u((* su)mit t!atC 1, An* '#urt -it!in -!#s t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n a 'rim -as '#mmitt d ma* va(id(* nt rtain an a""(i'ati#n &#r and issu a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! said 'rim , 4#- v r, in t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( +udi'ia( R gi#n, Administrativ Cir'u(ars N#, 13 #& 1 1't#) r 1285, and N#, 12 #& 4 August 1289 must ) #)s rv d, 2, A&t r t! 'rimina( '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d -it! t! a""r#"riat '#urt, s ar'! -arrants in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! 'rim '!arg d ma* #n(* ) issu d )* said '#urt,

SEPARATE OPINION DA>IDE G.$0.u**+09 ,02 2+--%0'+09H

$ %! a)s n' #& an* :"r ss statut#r* "r#visi#n "r#!i)iting a '#urt &r#m issuing a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! a 'rim '#mmitt d #utsid its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n s!#u(d n#t ) '#nstru d as a grant #& )(an. t aut!#rit* t# an* '#urt #& /usti' in t! '#untr* t# issu a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! a 'rim '#mmitt d #utsid its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, %! ma/#rit* vi - sugg sts #r im"(i s t!at a muni'i"a( tria( '#urt in %a-i$%a-i, Basi(an, #r Batan s 'an va(id(* nt rtain an a""(i'ati#n &#r a s ar'! -arrant and issu #n in '#nn 'ti#n -it! a 'rim '#mmitt d in >ani(a, 7(s -is stat d, a(( '#urts in t! P!i(i""in s, in'(uding t! muni'i"a( tria( '#urts, 'an va(id(* issu a s ar'! -arrant in '#nn 'ti#n -it! a 'rim '#mmitt d an*-! r in t! P!i(i""in s, Sim"(* "ut, a(( '#urts #& /usti' in t! P!i(i""in s !av , &#r "ur"#s s #& issuing a s ar'! -arrant, /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! ntir ar'!i" (ag#, $ I 'ann#t su)s'ri) t# t!is vi - sin' , in t! &irst "(a' , a s ar'! -arrant is )ut an in'id nt t# a main 'as and inv#(v s t! : r'is #& an an'i((ar* /urisdi'ti#n t! r &#r , t! aut!#rit* t# issu it must n ' ssari(* ) '#$ :t nsiv -it! t! '#urtQs t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, %# !#(d #t! r-is -#u(d ) t# add an :' "ti#n t# t! statut#r* "r#visi#ns d &ining t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& t! vari#us '#urts #& t! '#untr*, -!i'! -#u(d am#unt t# /udi'ia( ( gis(ati#n, %! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urts is d t rmin d )* (a-, and a r ading #& Batas Pam)ansa B(g, 122 dis'(#s s t!at t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& r gi#na( tria( '#urts, m tr#"#(itan tria( '#urts, muni'i"a( tria( '#urts and muni'i"a( 'ir'uit tria( '#urts ar '#n&in d t# s" 'i&i' t rrit#ri s, In t! s '#nd "(a' , t! ma/#rit* vi - ma* ( gitimi8 a)us s t!at -#u(d r su(t in t! vi#(ati#n t! 'ivi( rig!ts #& an a''us d #r t! in&(i'ti#n u"#n !im #& undu and un-arrant d )urd ns and in'#nv ni n' as -! n, &#r instan' , an a''us d -!# is a r sid nt #& Bas'#, Batan s, !as t# &i( a m#ti#n t# 3uas! a s ar'! -arrant issu d )* t! > tr#"#(itan %ria( C#urt #& >ani(a in '#nn 'ti#n -it! an #&& ns ! a(( g d(* '#mmitt d in It)a*at, Batan s, $ N#r 'an St#n !i(( vs, ;i#.n# <20 SCRA 383= ) an aut!#ritativ '#n&irmati#n #& t! un(imit d #r unr stri't d "#- r #& an* '#urt t# issu s ar'! -arrants in '#nn 'ti#n -it! 'rim s '#mmitt d #utsid its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, 5!i( it ma* ) tru t!at t! &#rt*$t-# s ar'! -arrants inv#(v d t! r in - r issu d )* s v ra( +udg s $$$$ s" 'i&i'a((* +udg s <a= Amad# R#an #& t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a, <)= R#man Cansin# #& t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a, <'= 4 rm#g n s Ca(uag #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a( <Ou 8#n Cit* Bran'!=, <d= 7u(#gi# > n'ias #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Ri8a( <Pasig Bran'!=, and < = ;amian +im n 8 #& t! Cit* C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit* <F##tn#t 2, "ag 389= $$$$ t! r is n# d &init s!#-ing t!at t! &#rt*$t-# s ar'! -arrants - r &#r t! s ar'! s and s i8ur s #& "r#" rti s #utsid t! t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n #& t! ir r s" 'tiv '#urts, %! -arrants - r issu d against t! " titi#n rs and '#r"#rati#ns #& -!i'! t! * - r #&&i' rs and s#m #& t! '#r"#rati#ns num rat d in F##tn#t 9 !av addr ss d in >ani(a and >a.ati, <"", 388$82=, Ri8a( <-!i'! in'(ud s >a.ati= and Ou 8#n Cit* )#t! ) (#ng d t# t! S v nt!

PEOPLE v CA :CERBO< 301 SCRA 495 PANGANIBAN; +anuar* 21, 1222

NATURE P titi#n &#r R vi - und r Ru( 45, FACTS $ R#sa(inda ;* -as s!#t at "#int)(an. rang )* +#nat!an C r)# in t! "r s n' and at t! #&&i' #& !is &at! r, Bi((* C r)# $ 7(sa B, Gum)an < * -itn ss= id nti&i d +#nat!an C r)# as t! assai(ant, $ %! 3rd >uni'i"a( Cir'uit %ria( C#urt #& Na)unturan$>a-a), ;ava#, a&t r a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, &#und Rsu&&i'i nt gr#und t# ng nd r a - (($

Criminal Procedure
&#und d ) (i &R t!at t! 'rim #& murd r !as ) n '#mmitt d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt +#nat!an C r)# and r s#(v d t# &#r-ard t! ntir r '#rds #& t! 'as t# t! "r#vin'ia( "r#s 'ut#r at %agum, ;ava#, $ A&t r an in&#rmati#n &#r murd r -as &i( d against +#nat!an C r)#, " titi#n r A(*nn P( 8 tt ;*, daug!t r #& t! vi'tim R#sa(inda ;*, : 'ut d an a&&idavit$'#m"(aint '!arging "rivat r s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)# #& '#ns"ira'* in t! .i((ing , su""#rt d )* a su""( m nta( a&&idavit #& 7(sa B, Gum)an, a(( ging t!at t! s!##ting -as d#n in t! #&&i' and in t! "r s n' #& Bi((* C r)# -!# a&t r t! s!##ting did n#t!ing <did n#t a""(* &irst aid n#r )ring t! vi'tim t# t! !#s"ita(= A&t r a r inv stigati#n t! "r#s 'uti#n &i( d an am nd d in&#rmati#n in'(uding Bi((* C r)# in t! murd r 'as , A -arrant &#r !is arr st -as (at r issu d, $ Privat r s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)# t! n &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! -arrant #& arr st arguing t!at t! sam -as issu d -it!#ut "r#)a)( 'aus , R s"#nd nt +udg issu d t! &irst assai( d #rd r dismissing t! 'as against Bi((* C r)# &#r (a'. #& "r#)a)( 'aus and r 'a((ing t! -arrant &#r !is arr st and #rd r d t! -it!dra-a( #& t! am nd d in&#rmati#n and t! &i(ing #& a n - #n '!arging +#nat!an C r)# #n(*, $ Privat Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -!i'! -as d ni d )* t! r s"#nd nt /udg , $ %! C#urt #& A"" a(s ! (d t!at +udg 7ug ni# @a(( s did n#t '#mmit grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in r 'a((ing t! -arrant #& arr st issu d against Privat R s"#nd nt Bi((* C r)# and su)s 3u nt(* dismissing t! In&#rmati#n &#r murd r &i( d against t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, ) 'aus t! vid n' "r s nt d t!us &ar did n#t su)stantiat su'! '!arg , ISSUE 51N t! %ria( C#urt !ad t! aut!#rit* t# r v rs t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#rQs &inding #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# "r#s 'ut a''us d and t!us dismiss t! 'as &i( d )* t! (att r #n t! )asis #& a m#ti#n t# 3uas! -arrant #& arr st HELD N1 Ratio T(% 2%'%*/+0,'+$0 $& )*$@,@l% .,u-% 2u*+09 , )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0 +- , &u0.'+$0 '(,' @%l$09- '$ '(% )u@l+. )*$-%.u'$*# I' +,0 %C%.u'+v% &u0.'+$0, '(% .$**%.'0%-- $& '(% %C%*.+-% $& ?(+.( +/,''%* '(,' '(% '*+,l .$u*' +'-%l& 2$%- 0$' ,02 /,y 0$' @% .$/)%ll%2 '$ ),-- u)$0# $ I& t! in&#rmati#n is va(id #n its &a' and t! r is n# s!#-ing #& mani& st rr#r, grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n #r "r /udi' #n t! "art #& t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, '#urts s!#u(d n#t dismiss it &#r Q-ant #& vid n' ,Q ) 'aus vid ntiar* matt rs s!#u(d ) "r s nt d and ! ard during t! tria(, %! &un'ti#ns and duti s #& )#t! t! tria( '#urt and t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r in Rt! "r#" r s'! m #& t!ingsR in #ur 'rimina( /usti' s*st m s!#u(d ) '( ar(* und rst##d, R%,-$0+09= 4$ecutive Determination o Pro!a!le Cause $ %! S "arat <C#n'urring= 1"ini#n #& &#rm r C!i & +usti' Andr s R, Narvasa in R#) rts v, C#urt #& A"" a(s C :::t! C#urt is ) ing as. d t# :amin and ass ss su'! vid n' as !as t!us &ar ) n su)mitt d )* t! "arti s and, #n t! )asis t! r #&, ma. a '#n'(usi#n as t# -! t! r #r n#t it su&&i' s Rt# ng nd r a - (( &#und d ) (i & t!at a 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! r s"#nd nt is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #& and s!#u(d ) ! (d &#r tria(,R

a2010 page 63
$ It is a &un'ti#n t!at t!is C#urt s!#u(d n#t ) 'a(( d u"#n t# " r&#rm, It is a &un'ti#n t!at "r#" r(* " rtains t# t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r,, #n t!at, as &ar as 'rim s '#gni8a)( )* a R gi#na( %ria( C#urt ar '#n' rn d, and n#t-it!standing t!at it inv#(v s an ad/udi'ativ "r#' ss #& a s#rt, :'(usiv (* " rtains, )* (a-, t# said : 'utiv #&&i' r, t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, It is m#r #v r a &un'ti#n t!at in t! sta)(is! d s'! m #& t!ings, is su""#s d t# ) " r&#rm d at t! v r* g n sis #&, ind d, "r &at#ri(* t#, t! &#rma( '#mm n' m nt #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n, %! "r#' dings ) &#r a "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, it ma* - (( ) str ss d, ar ss ntia((* "r (iminar*, "r &at#r* and 'ann#t ( ad t# a &ina(, d &init and aut!#ritativ ad/udgm nt #& t! gui(t #r inn#' n' #& t! " rs#ns '!arg d -it! a & (#n* #r 'rim , 5! t! r #r n#t t!at &un'ti#n !as ) n '#rr 't(* dis'!arg d )* t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r is a matt r t!at t! tria( '#urt its (& d# s n#t and ma* n#t ) '#m" (( d t# "ass u"#n, It is n#t &#r instan' " rmitt d &#r an a''us d, u"#n t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n against !im )* t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, t# "r m"t tria( )* &i(ing a m#ti#n -it! t! %ria( C#urt "ra*ing &#r t! 3uas! #r dismissa( #& t! indi'tm nt #n t! gr#und t!at t! vid n' u"#n -!i'! t! sam is )as d is inad 3uat , N#r is it " rmitt d, #n t! anti"#da( t! #r* t!at t! vid n' is in trut! inad 3uat , &#r t! '#m"(aining "art* t# "r s nt a " titi#n ) &#r t! C#urt "ra*ing t!at t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r ) '#m" (( d t# &i( t! '#rr s"#nding in&#rmati#n against t! a''us d, ::: ::: ::: $ Ind d, t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r !as )r#ad dis'r ti#n t# d t rmin -! t! r "r#)a)( 'aus :ists and t# '!arg t!#s -!#m ! #r s! ) (i v s t# !av '#mmitt d t! 'rim as d &in d )* (a-, 1t! r-is stat d, su'! #&&i'ia( !as t! 3uasi$/udi'ia( aut!#rit* t# d t rmin -! t! r #r n#t a 'rimina( 'as (ist ) &i( d in '#urt, $ Cr s"# v, >#gu(C It is a 'ardina( "rin'i"( t!at a(( 'rimina( a'ti#ns it! r '#mm n' d )* '#m"(aint #r )* in&#rmati#n s!a(( ) "r#s 'ut d und r t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! &is'a(, %! instituti#n #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n d " nds u"#n t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! &is'a(, 4 ma* #r ma* n#t &i( t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, &#((#- #r n#t &#((#- t!at "r s nt d )* t! #&& nd d "art*, a''#rding t# -! t! r t! vid n' , in !is #"ini#n, is su&&i'i nt #r n#t t# sta)(is! t! gui(t #& t! a''us d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, %! r as#n &#r "(a'ing t! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n und r t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! &is'a( is t# "r v nt ma(i'i#us #r un&#und d "r#s 'uti#ns )* "rivat " rs#ns, 0udicial Determination o Pro!a!le Cause $ %! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# !#(d a " rs#n &#r tria( must ) distinguis! d &r#m t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# issu a -arrant #& arr st, -!i'! is a /udi'ia( &un'ti#n, %! /udi'ia( d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus in t! issuan' #& arr st -arrants !as ) n m"!asi8 d in num r#us 'as s, $ %! ru(ings in S#(iv n, Inting and ?im, Sr, - r it rat d in A((ad# v, ;i#.n#, -! r - :"(ain d again -!at "r#)a)( 'aus m ans, Pr#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st is t! :ist n' #& su'! &a'ts and 'ir'umstan' s t!at -#u(d ( ad a r as#na)(* dis'r t and "rud nt " rs#n t# ) (i v t!at an #&& ns !as ) n '#mmitt d )* t! " rs#n s#ug!t t# ) arr st d, 4 n' , t! /udg , ) &#r issuing a -arrant #& arr st, Rmust satis&* !ims (& t!at )as d #n t! vid n' su)mitt d, t! r is su&&i'i nt "r##& t!at a 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d and t!at t! " rs#n t# ) arr st d is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&,R At t!is stag #& t! 'rimina( "r#' ding, t! /udg is n#t * t tas. d t# r vi - in d tai( t! vid n'

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

su)mitt d during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, It is su&&i'i nt t!at ! " rs#na((* va(uat s su'! vid n' in d t rmining "r#)a)( 'aus , $ As ! (d in Inting, t! d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus )* t! "r#s 'ut#r is &#r a "ur"#s di&& r nt &r#m t!at -!i'! is t# ) mad )* t! /udg , 5! t! r t! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! a''us d is gui(t* #& t! #&& ns '!arg d and s!#u(d ) ! (d &#r tria( is -!at t! "r#s 'ut#r "ass s u"#n, %! /udg , #n t! #t! r !and, d t rmin s -! t! r a -arrant #& arr st s!#u(d ) issu d against t! a''us d, i, ,, -! t! r t! r is a n ' ssit* &#r "(a'ing !im und r imm diat 'ust#d* in #rd r n#t t# &rustrat t! nds #& /usti' , $ @ ri(*, a /udg 'ann#t ) '#m" (( d t# issu a -arrant #& arr st i& ! #r s! d ms t!at t! r is n# "r#)a)( 'aus &#r d#ing s#, C#r#((ar* t# t!is "rin'i"( , t! /udg s!#u(d n#t #v rrid t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#rQs d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus t# !#(d an a''us d &#r tria( #n t! gr#und t!at t! vid n' "r s nt d t# su)stantiat t! issuan' #& an arr st -arrant -as insu&&i'i nt, as in t! "r s nt 'as , I0,))l+.,@+l'y $& All,2$ ,02 S,l$09, $ A((ad# and Sa(#nga '#nstitut :' "ti#ns t# t! g n ra( ru( and ma* ) inv#. d #n(* i& simi(ar 'ir'umstan' s ar '( ar(* s!#-n t# :ist, 4#- v r, t! "r s nt 'as is n#t #n a(( &#urs -it! A((ad# and Sa(#nga, First, 7(sa Gum)an, t! "rin'i"a( * -itn ss t# t! .i((ing #& R#sa(inda ;*, -as n#t a "arti'i"ati#n #r '#ns"irat#r in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! said 'rim , In A((ad# and Sa(#nga, !#- v r, t! main -itn ss s - r t! '#n& ss d " r" trat#rs #& t! 'rim s, -!#s t stim#ni s t! '#urt d m d Qtaint dQ, S '#nd, in t! 'as at )ar, t! "rivat r s"#nd nt -as a''#rd d du "r#' ss, and n# "r 'i"itat !ast #r )ias during t! inv stigati#n #& t! 'as 'an ) im"ut d t# t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r, 1n t! #t! r !and, t! C#urt n#t d in A((ad# t! Rundu !ast in t! &i(ing #& t! In&#rmati#n and in t! in#rdinat int r st #& t! g#v rnm ntR in "ursuing t! 'as ; and in Sa(#nga, R , , , t! &ai(ur #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# s!#- t!at t! " titi#n r -as "r#)a)(* gui(t* #& '#ns"iring t# '#mmit t! 'rim , t! initia( disr gard #& " titi#n rQs '#nstituti#n r rig!ts and t! massiv and damaging "u)(i'it* against !im,R %! ru(ings in t! t-# a&#r m nti#n d 'as s 'ann#t a""(* t# it,

PEOPLE v USANA ,02 LOPEZ 323 SCRA 954 ;A@I;7; +anuar* 28, 2000
NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt '#nvi'ting t! t-# a''us d t#g t! r -it! +u(ian ;, 7s'an# &#r t! vi#(ati#n #& R,A, 6425, as am nd d FACTS $ 1n t! 5t! #& A"ri( 1225 and during a C1>7?7C gun )an, s#m (an&#r' rs #& t! >a.ati P#(i' - r manning a '! '."#int at t! '#rn r #& S nat#r Gi( Pu*at Av , and t! S#ut! ?u8#n 7:"r ss-a*, %! * - r '! '.ing t! 'ars g#ing t# Pasa* Cit*, st#""ing t!#s t! * &#und sus"i'i#us, and im"#sing m r (* a running st#" #n t! #t! rs, At a)#ut "ast midnig!t, t! * st#"" d a Sia Prid 'ar -it! P(at N#, %B4 423, 1n #& t! "#(i' m n sa- a (#ng &ir arm #n t! (a" #& t! " rs#n s at d at t! "ass ng r s at, -!# -as (at r id nti&i d as @irgi(i# Ksana, %! * as. d t! driv r, id nti&i d as 7s'a_#, t# #" n t! d##r, P13 Su)a s i8 d t!

Criminal Procedure
(#ng &ir arm, an >$1 KS Car)in , &r#m Ksana, 5! n 7s'a_#, u"#n #rd r #& t! "#(i' , "ar. d a(#ng S n, Gi( Pu*at Av ,, t! #t! r "ass ng rs - r s ar'! &#r m#r - a"#ns, %! ir s ar'! *i (d d a ,45 'a(i) r &ir arm -!i'! t! * s i8 d &r#m 7s'a_#, $ %! t!r "ass ng rs - r t! r a&t r )r#ug!t t# t! "#(i' stati#n B(#'. 5 in t! Sia Prid driv n )* P13 N#nat#, K"#n r a'!ing t! "r 'in't, N#nat# turn d #v r t! . * t# t! d s. #&&i' r, Sin' SP14 d (#s Sant#s -as sus"i'i#us #& t! v !i'( , ! r 3u st d 7s'a_# t# #" n t! trun., 7s'a_# r adi(* agr d and #" n d t! trun. !ims (& using !is . *, %! * n#ti' d a )(u )ag insid it, -!i'! t! * as. d 7s'a_# t# #" n, %! )ag '#ntain d a "ar' ( -ra"" d in ta" , -!i'!, u"#n :aminati#n )* Nati#na( Bur au #& Inv stigati#n, -as &#und "#sitiv &#r !as!is!, $ An in&#rmati#n &#r vi#(ati#n #& RA 6425 t! r a&t r -as &i( d against t! m, %! tria( '#urt &#und t! t!r a''us d gui(t* #& t! said 'rim , $ A''us d$a"" ((ants assai( t! mann r )* -!i'! t! '! '."#int in 3u sti#n -as '#ndu't d, %! * '#nt nd t!at t! '! '."#int mann d )* ( m nts #& t! >a.ati P#(i' s!#u(d !av ) n ann#un' d, %! * a(s# '#m"(ain #& its !aving ) n '#ndu't d in an ar)itrar* and dis'riminat#r* mann r, A(s#, t! * 3u sti#n t! va(idit* #& t! s ar'!, ISSUES 1, 51N t! '! '. "#int -as i(( ga( 2, 51N t! s ar'! -as va(id 3, 51N t! a''us d ar gui(t* #& vi#(ati#n #& RA 6425 HELD 1, N1 $ N#t a(( '! '."#ints ar i(( ga(, %!#s -!i'! ar -arrant d )* t! :ig n'i s #& "u)(i' #rd r and ar '#ndu't d in a -a* ( ast intrusiv t# m#t#rists ar a((#- d, Ratio %!is C#urt !as ru( d t!at n#t a(( '! '."#ints ar i(( ga(, %!#s -!i'! ar -arrant d )* t! :ig n'i s #& "u)(i' #rd r and ar '#ndu't d in a -a* ( ast intrusiv t# m#t#rists ar a((#- d, F#r, admitt d(*, r#utin '! '."#ints d# intrud , t# a ' rtain :t nt, #n m#t#rists0 rig!t t# R&r "assag -it!#ut int rru"ti#n,R )ut it 'ann#t ) d ni d t!at, as a ru( , it inv#(v s #n(* a )ri & d t nti#n #& trav ( rs during -!i'! t! v !i'( 0s #''u"ants ar r 3uir d t# ans- r a )ri & 3u sti#n #r t-#, F#r as (#ng as t! v !i'( is n it! r s ar'! d n#r its #''u"ants su)/ 't d t# a )#d* s ar'!, and t! ins" 'ti#n #& t! v !i'( is (imit d t# a visua( s ar'!, said r#utin '! '.s 'ann#t ) r gard d as vi#(ativ #& an individua(0s rig!t against unr as#na)( s ar'!, In &a't, t! s r#utin '! '.s, -! n '#ndu't d in a &i: d ar a, ar v n ( ss intrusiv , $ %! '! '."#int ! r in '#ndu't d -as in "ursuan' #& t! gun )an n&#r' d )* t! C1>7?7C, %! C1>7?7C -#u(d ) !ard "ut t# im"( m nt t! )an i& its d "uti8 d ag nts - r (imit d t# a visua( s ar'! #& " d strians, It -#u(d a(s# d & at t! "ur"#s &#r -!i'! su'! )an -as institut d, %!#s -!# int nd t# )ring a gun during said " ri#d -#u(d .n#t!at t! * #n(* n d a 'ar t# ) a)( t# asi(* " r" trat t! ir ma(i'i#us d signs, $ %! &a'ts addu' d d# n#t '#nstitut a gr#und &#r a vi#(ati#n #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!ts #& t! a''us d against i(( ga( s ar'! and s i8ur , P13 Su)a admitt d t!at t! * - r m r (* st#""ing 'ars t! * d m d sus"i'i#us, su'! as t!#s -!#s -ind#-s ar ! avi(* tint d /ust t# s i& t! "ass ng rs t! r #& - r 'arr*ing guns, At ) st t! * -#u(d m r (* dir 't t! ir &(as!(ig!ts insid t! 'ars t! * -#u(d st#", -it!#ut #" ning t!

a2010 page 64
'ar0s d##rs #r su)/ 'ting its "ass ng rs t# a )#d* s ar'!, %! r is n#t!ing dis'riminat#r* in t!is as t!is is -!at t! situati#n d mands, 5 s n# n d &#r '! '."#ints t# ) ann#un' d, as t! a''us d !av inv#. d, N#t #n(* -#u(d it ) im"ra'ti'a(, it -#u(d a(s# &#r -arn t!#s -!# int nd t# vi#(at t! )an, 7v n s#, )adg s #& ( gitima'* #& '! '."#ints ma* sti(( ) in& rr d &r#m t! ir &i: d (#'ati#n and t! r gu(ari8 d mann r in -!i'! t! * ar #" rat d, 2, 67S $ 7s'an# '#ns nt d t# t! s ar'! and '#ns nt d -arrant( ss s ar'! is #n #& t! :' "ti#ns &r#m t! -arrant r 3uir m nt, Ratio +uris"rud n' r '#gni8 s si: g n ra((* a'' "t d :' "ti#ns t# t! -arrant r 3uir m ntC <1= s ar'! in'id nta( t# an arr st; <2= s ar'! #& m#ving v !i'( s; <3= vid n' in "(ain vi -; <4= 'ust#ms s ar'! s; <5= '#ns nt d -arrant( ss s ar'!; and <6= st#"$and$&ris. situati#ns, $ 7v n t!#ug! t! r -as am"( #""#rtunit* t# #)tain a s ar'! -arrant, 'ann#t inva(idat t! s ar'! #& t! v !i'( , &#r t! r ar indi'ati#ns t!at t! s ar'! d#n #n t! 'ar #& 7s'a_# -as '#ns nt d t# )* !im, 3, N1 $ N# &a't -as addu' d t# (in. Ksana and ?#" 8 t# t! !as!is! &#und in t! trun. #& t! 'ar and t! r -as n# s!#-ing t!at Ksana and ?#" 8 .n - #& t! "r s n' #& !as!is! in t! trun. #& t! 'ar #r t!at t! * sat! sam ) &#r it -as s i8 d, Ratio ; s"it t! va(idit* #& t! s ar'!, - 'ann#t a&&irm t! '#nvi'ti#n #& Ksana and ?#" 8 &#r vi#(ati#n #& R,A, N#, 6425, as am nd d, %! &#((#-ing &a'ts mi(itat against a &inding #& '#nvi'ti#nC <1= t! 'ar ) (#ng d t# 7s'a_#; <2= t! trun. #& t! 'ar -as n#t #" n d s##n a&t r it -as st#"" d and a&t r t! a''us d - r s ar'! d &#r &ir arms; <3= t! 'ar -as driv n )* a "#(i' man &r#m t! "(a' -! r it -as st#"" d unti( t! "#(i' stati#n; <4= t! 'ar0s trun. -as #" n d, -it! t! " rmissi#n #& 7s'a_#, -it!#ut t! "r s n' #& Ksana and ?#" 8; and <5= a&t r arriva( at t! "#(i' stati#n and unti( t! #" ning #& t! 'ar0s trun., t! 'ar -as in t! "#ss ssi#n and '#ntr#( #& t! "#(i' aut!#riti s, N# &a't -as addu' d t# (in. Ksana and ?#" 8 t# t! !as!is! &#und in t! trun. #& t! 'ar, %! ir !aving ) n -it! 7s'a_# in t! (att r0s 'ar ) &#r t! R&indingR #& t! !as!is! s#m tim a&t r t! (a"s #& an a""r 'ia)( tim and -it!#ut t! ir "r s n' ( &t mu'! t# ) d sir d t# im"(i'at t! m t# t! #&& ns #& s ((ing, distri)uting, #r trans"#rting t! "r#!i)it d drug, In &a't, t! r -as n# s!#-ing t!at Ksana and ?#" 8 .n - #& t! "r s n' #& !as!is! in t! trun. #& t! 'ar #r t!at t! * sa- t! sam ) &#r it -as s i8 d, Dispositive A''us d N a"" ((ants ar ! r )* a'3uitt d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

@+ll- $0 (+/, +un said ! ( &t t! )i((s t# !is ass#'iat AN n t!B, +un ( d t! "#(i' t# N n t!0s !#us , $ %! "#(i' - nt t# N n t!0s !#us , Standing )* t! d##r, P13 >an(angit n#ti' d a 'art#n )#: und r t! dining ta)( , 4 sa- t!at #n #& t! )#:Qs &(a"s -as #" n and insid t! )#: -as s#m t!ing -ra"" d in "(asti', %! "(asti' -ra"" r and its '#nt nts a"" ar d simi(ar t# t! mari/uana ar(i r Rs#(dR t# !im )* R+un,R 4is sus"i'i#n ar#us d, P13 >an(angit nt r d RN n t!QsR !#us and t##. !#(d #& t! )#:, 4 " . d insid t! )#: and &#und t!at it '#ntain d t n <10= )ri'.s #& -!at a"" ar d t# ) dri d mari/uana ( av s, %! * a(s# &#und t! mar. d )i((s, %! * arr st d +un and N n t! and )r#ug!t t! m t# ! ad3uart rs, It -as #n(* t! n t!at t! "#(i' ( arn d t!at R+unR is F(#r n'i# ;#ria * B#(ad# -!i( RN n t!R is @i#( ta Gadda# * Catama, $ %! tria( '#urt &#und t! m gui(t*, ISSUES 1, 51N t! -arrant( ss arr st #& ;#ria and Gadda#, t! s ar'! #& t! (att r0s " rs#n and !#us , and t! admissi)i(it* #& t! "i ' s #& vid n' #)tain d t! r &r#m is va(id 2, 51N t! mari/uana -as s i8 d va(id(* &#r ) ing in "(ain vi - #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs HELD 1, 67S $ 5 a(s# !#(d t!at t! -arrant( ss arr st #& a''us d$a"" ((ant ;#ria is n#t un(a-&u(, 5arrant( ss arr sts ar a((#- d in t!r instan' s as "r#vid d )* S 'ti#n 5 #& Ru( 113 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , t# -itC S ', 5, Arr st -it!#ut -arrant; -! n (a-&u(, \ A " a' #&&i' r #r a "rivat " rs#n ma*, -it!#ut a -arrant, arr st a " rs#nC <a= /hen& in his presence& the person to be arrested has committed& is actuall' committing& or is attempting to commit an offense$ Knd r S 'ti#n 5 <a=, as a)#v $3u#t d, a " rs#n ma* ) arr st d -it!#ut a -arrant i& ! R!as '#mmitt d, is a'tua((* '#mmitting, #r is att m"ting t# '#mmit an #&& ns ,R $ In t! 'as , ;#ria -as 'aug!t in t! a't #& '#mmitting an #&& ns , 5! n an a''us d is a""r ! nd d in &(agrant d (i't# as a r su(t #& a )u*$)ust #" rati#n, t! "#(i' ar n#t #n(* aut!#ri8 d )ut dut*$)#und t# arr st !im v n -it!#ut a -arrant, $ 4#- v r, t! -arrant( ss arr st, s ar'! and s i8ur #& Gadda# is inva(id $ A''us d$a"" ((ant Gadda# -as n#t 'aug!t r d$!and d during t! )u*$)ust #" rati#n t# giv gr#und &#r ! r arr st und r S 'ti#n 5 <a= #& Ru( 113, S! -as n#t '#mmitting an* 'rim , C#ntrar* t# t! &inding #& t! tria( '#urt, t! r -as n# #''asi#n at a(( &#r a"" ((ant Gadda# t# &( &r#m t! "#(i' m n t# /usti&* ! r arr st in R!#t "ursuit,R 114 In &a't, s! -as g#ing a)#ut ! r dai(* '!#r s -! n t! "#(i' m n "#un' d #n ! r, $ N it! r '#u(d t! arr st #& a"" ((ant Gadda# ) /usti&i d und r t! s '#nd instan' #& Ru( 113, RP rs#na( .n#-( dg R #& &a'ts in arr sts -it!#ut -arrant und r S 'ti#n 5 <)= #& Ru( 113 must ) )as d u"#n R"r#)a)( 'aus R -!i'! m ans an Ra'tua( ) (i & #r r as#na)( gr#unds #& sus"i'i#n,R In 'as , t! r -as n# r as#na)( sus"i'i#n s" 'ia((* as s! -as arr st d s#( (* #n t! )asis #& t! a(( g d id nti&i'ati#n mad )* ! r '#$a''us d $ ;#ria did n#t "#int t# a"" ((ant Gadda# as !is ass#'iat in t! drug )usin ss, )ut as t! " rs#n -it! -!#m ! ( &t t! mar. d )i((s, %!is

PEOPLE v DORIA 301 SCRA 668 PKN1; +anuar* 22, 1222

FACTS $ P!i(i""in Nati#na( P#(i' <PNP= Nar'#ti's C#mmand <Nar'#m=, r ' iv d in&#rmati#n &r#m t-# <2= 'ivi(ian in&#rmants <CI= t!at #n R+unR -as ngag d in i(( ga( drug a'tiviti s in >anda(u*#ng Cit*, %! * d 'id d t# ntra" !im via a )u*$)ust #" rati#n, $%! "#s ur$)u* r, P12 >an(angit s t asid 1600 " s#s as mar. d m#n * &#r t! ntra"m nt #" rati#n, -!i'! -as t! n !and d t# +un u"#n transa'ti#n, +un r turn d an !#ur (at r )ringing mari/uana -! r ! and !is ass#'iat s su)s 3u nt(* arr st d +un )ut 2+2 0$' &+02 '(% /,*J%2

Criminal Procedure
id nti&i'ati#n d# s n#t n ' ssari(* ( ad t# t! '#n'(usi#n t!at a"" ((ant Gadda# '#ns"ir d -it! ! r '#$a''us d in "us!ing drugs as ;#ria ma* !av ( &t t! m#n * in ! r !#us , -it! #r -it!#ut ! r .n#-( dg , -it! #r -it!#ut an* '#ns"ira'*, Sav &#r a''us d$a"" ((ant ;#ria Qs -#rd, t! Nar'#m ag nts !ad n# r as#na)( gr#unds t# ) (i v t!at s! -as ngag d in drug "us!ing, $ As t! arr st -as i(( ga(, t! s ar'! and s i8ur is n#t in'id nta( t# t! arr st 2, N1 $ %! mari/uana -as n#t in "(ain vi - #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs and its s i8ur -it!#ut t! r 3uisit s ar'! -arrant -as in vi#(ati#n #& t! (a- and t! C#nstituti#n as t! '#nt nts #& t! )#: -! r t! mari/uana -as "artia((* !idd n -as n#t r adi(* a""ar nt t# P1 >an(angit, #n #& t! arr sting #&&i' rs, $ As a g n ra( ru( , #)/ 'ts in "(ain vi - #& arr sting #&&i' rs ma* ) s i8 d -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant )ut must &#((#- t! s r 3uisit sC <a= t! (a- n&#r' m nt #&&i' r in s ar'! #& t! vid n' !as a "ri#r /usti&i'ati#n &#r an intrusi#n #r is in a "#siti#n &r#m -!i'! ! 'an vi - a "arti'u(ar ar a; <)= t! dis'#v r* #& t! vid n' in "(ain vi - is inadv rt nt; <'= it is imm diat (* a""ar nt t# t! #&&i' r t!at t! it m ! #)s rv s ma* ) vid n' #& a 'rim , '#ntra)and #r #t! r-is su)/ 't t# s i8ur , $ 4#- v r, i& it is n#t "(ain vi - #& t! "#(i' #&&i' rs, it ma* n#t ) s i8 d -it!#ut a -arrant :' "t i& t! "a'.ag "r#'(aims its '#nt nts, -! t! r )* its distin'tiv '#n&igurati#n, its trans"ar n'*, #r i& its '#nt nts ar #)vi#us t# an #)s rv r, t! n t! '#nt nts ar in "(ain vi - and ma* ) s i8 d, $ %! &a't t!at t! )#: '#ntaining a)#ut si: <6= .i(#s #& mari/uana 139 -as &#und in t! !#us #& a''us d$a"" ((ant Gadda# d# s n#t /usti&* a &inding t!at s! ! rs (& is gui(t* #& t! 'rim '!arg d, Dispositive t! d 'isi#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt, Bran'! 156, Pasig Cit* a'ting as a S" 'ia( C#urt in Crimina( Cas N#, 3309$; is r v rs d and m#di&i d as &#((#-sC 1, A''us d$a"" ((ant F(#r n'i# ;#ria * B#(ad# is s nt n' d t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua and t# "a* a &in #& &iv !undr d t!#usand " s#s <P500,000,00=, 2, A''us d$a"" ((ant @i#( ta Gadda# * Catama is a'3uitt d,

a2010 page 65
#" rati#n and arr st !a"" n d #n t! sam da* <12 F ) 1225=, -!i( t! in&#rmati#n &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& drugs -as &i( d #n 15 F ) 1225, $ Arraignm ntC "( a #& n#t gui(t*, $ %ria(C "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d t! && -itn ss sC "#(i' #&&i' r -!# -as a(s# "#s ur$)u* r, an#t! r #&&i' r -!# t##. "art in )u*$)ust, and NBI '! mist -!# :amin d and '#n&irm d t! '#n&is'at d drugs t# ) mari/uana, ; & ns "r s nt d as -itn ss s )#ard rs #& 7(am"ar#0s !#us , sa*ing t!at 7(am"ar# A-as at t! ir !#us -! n s#m )#d* .n#'. d at t! ir d##r, 4is &at! r #" n d t! sam and -as in&#rm d t!at s#m )#d* -as (##.ing &#r !im, 4 - nt #ut and sa- S" n' r -it! !and'u&&s and ) ing ! (d )* an arr sting #&&i' r, 5! n 7(am"ar# " rsist nt(* 3u sti#n d S" n' r as t# -!* ! -as arr st d, t! arr sting #&&i' rs g#t mad at !im "r#m"ting t! m t# (i. -is )ring !im t# t! "#(i' stati#n -! r ! -as d tain d, %! #&&i' rs d mand d P15,000,00 &#r !is r ( as -!i'! ! did n#t giv , 1n t! #t! r !and, S" n' r gav t! sum and -as r ( as d,B $ R%CC Gui(t*, und r RA 6425, " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua and &in #& P2mi((i#n, 7(am"ar# a"" a( d, ISSUEC 1, 51N R%C -as '#rr 't in t! ass ssm nt #& 'r di)i(it* #& -itn ss s 2, 51N t! arr st #& 7(am"ar# -as va(id 3, 51N t! " na(t* im"#s d -as '#rr 't HELDC 1, 67S RatioC Kn( ss t! tria( '#urt #v r(##. d su)stantia( &a'ts -!i'! -#u(d a&& 't t! #ut'#m #& t! 'as , - a''#rd t! utm#st r s" 't t# t! ir &indings #& &a'ts, ReasoningC $7(am"ar# '#nt nds t!at it is !ig!(* unusua( &#r arr sting #&&i' rs t# a't #n an Pin&#rmati#n0 #& an un.n#-n s#ur' -it!#ut '#n&irming t! v ra'it* #& t! r "#rt, and t!at it is in'r di)( t!at a " dd( r #& mari/uana -#u(d ) s# )ra8 n as t# a""r#a'! t#ta( strang rs and #&& r t# s (( t! m mari/uana, 4 insists t!at ! -as '!arg d -it! i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& mari/uana ) 'aus ! &ai( d t# "a* t! "#(i' #&&i' rs P15,000,00 &#r !is r ( as , $ it is - (($s tt( d t!at t! ass ssm nt #& 'r di)i(it* #& -itn ss s is -it!in t! "r#vin' #& t! tria( '#urt -!i'! !ad an #""#rtunit* t# #)s rv t! -itn ss s and t! ir d m an#r during t! ir t stim#ni s, As '#m"ar d t# t! )as ( ss '(aims #& 7(am"ar#, t! v rsi#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s a"" ars -#rt!* #& ) (i &, '#ming as it d# s &r#m (a- n&#r' rs -!# ar "r sum d t# !av r gu(ar(* " r&#rm d t! ir dut* in t! a)s n' #& "r##& t# t! '#ntrar*, $in man* 'as s, drug "us! rs did s (( t! ir "r#!i)it d arti'( s t# "r#s" 'tiv 'ust#m rs, ) t! * strang rs #r n#t, in "rivat as - (( as in "u)(i' "(a' s, v n in t! da*tim , Ind d, s#m drug "us! rs a"" ar t# !av ) '#m :' ding(* daring, #" n(* d &iant #& t! (a-, 4 n' , -!at matt rs is n#t t! :isting &ami(iarit* ) t- n t! )u* r and t! s (( r, #r t! tim and v nu #& t! sa( , )ut t! &a't #& agr m nt as - (( as t! a't '#nstituting sa( and d (iv r* #& "r#!i)it d drugs 2, 67S RatioC %! arr st -as -it!in t! "urvi - #& S '5 <a=, Ru( 113, Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , t# -itC Arrest without warrant& when lawful. N A " a' #&&i' r #r a "rivat " rs#n ma*, -it!#ut a -arrant, arr st a " rs#nC

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

<a= 5! n, in !is "r s n' , t! " rs#n t# ) arr st d !as '#mmitt d, is a'tua((* '#mmitting, #r is att m"ting t# '#mmit an #&& ns ; ReasoningC $7(am"ar# assai(s t! ( ga(it* #& !is arr st &#r &ai(ur #& t! a""r ! nding #&&i' rs t# s 'ur a s ar'! -arrant, $ &#r -arrant( ss arr sts, 2 ( m nts must '#n'urC <1= t! " rs#n t# ) arr st d must : 'ut an #v rt a't indi'ating t! ! !as /ust '#mmitt d, is a'tua((* '#mmitting, #r is att m"ting t# '#mmit a 'rim ; and <2= su'! #v rt a't is d#n in the presence or within the view #& t! arr sting #&&i' r, %!us, -! n ! -as s n r "a'.ing t! mari/uana, t! "#(i' #&&i' rs - r n#t #n(* aut!#ri8 d )ut a(s# dut*$)#und t# arr st !im v n -it!#ut a -arrant, R C -arrant( ss s i8ur sC $4#- v r, n#t ) ing a)s#(ut , t! rig!t against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s is su)/ 't t# :' "ti#ns, %!us, &#r :am"( , S ',12, Ru( 126, Ru( s #n CrimPr#, "r#vid s t!at a " rs#n (a-&u((* arr st d ma* ) s ar'! d &#r Adang r#us - a"#ns #r an*t!ing -!i'! ma* ) us d as "r##& #& t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns , -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant,B $5 g n ra((* a'' "t d :' "ti#ns t# t! rig!t against -arrant( ss s ar'! s and s i8ur s !av a(s# ) n /udi'ia((* &#rmu(at d, vi" <1= s ar'! in'id nta( t# a (a-&u( arr st, <2= s ar'! #& m#ving v !i'( s, <3= s i8ur in "(ain vi -, <4= 'ust#ms s ar'! s, and <5= -aiv r )* t! a''us d t! ms (v s #& t! ir rig!t against unr as#na)( s ar'! and s i8ur , $ t!is 'as &a((s s3uar (* und r t! "(ain vi - d#'trin People v DoriaC A1)/ 'ts &a((ing in "(ain vi - #& an #&&i' r -!# !as a rig!t t# ) in t! "#siti#n t# !av t!at vi - ar su)/ 't t# s i8ur v n -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant and ma* ) intr#du' d in vid n' , %! R"(ain vi -R d#'trin a""(i s -! n t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s '#n'urC <a= (a- n&#r' m nt #&&i' r in s ar'! #& t! vid n' !as a "ri#r /usti&i'ati#n &#r an intrusi#n #r is in a "#siti#n &r#m -!i'! ! 'an vi - a "arti'u(ar ar a; <)= dis'#v r* #& t! vid n' in "(ain vi - is inadv rt nt; <'= imm diat (* a""ar nt t# t! #&&i' r t!at t! it m ! #)s rv s ma* ) vid n' #& a 'rim , '#ntra)and #r #t! r-is su)/ 't t# s i8ur , %! (a- n&#r' m nt #&&i' r must (a-&u((* ma. an initia( intrusi#n #r "r#" r(* ) in a "#siti#n &r#m -!i'! ! 'an "arti'u(ar(* vi - t! ar a, In t! '#urs #& su'! (a-&u( intrusi#n, ! 'am inadv rt nt(* a'r#ss a "i ' #& vid n' in'riminating t! a''us d, %! #)/ 't must ) #" n t# * and !and and its dis'#v r* inadv rt nt,B $ m m) rs #& t! )u*$)ust t am - r /usti&i d in running a&t r S" n' r <-! n ! s'a" d= and nt ring t! !#us -it!#ut a s ar'! -arrant &#r t! * - r !#t in t! ! (s #& a &( ing 'rimina(, 1n' insid t! !#us , t! "#(i' #&&i' rs '#rn r d S" n' r and r '#v r d t! )u*$)ust m#n * &r#m !im, %! * a(s# 'aug!t 7(am"ar# in flagrante delicto r "a'.ing t! mari/uana )ri'.s -!i'! - r in &u(( vi 3, 67S RatioC >in#rit* s rv s as a "rivi( g d mitigating 'ir'umstan' t# a 'rim , t!us ntit(ing t! a''us d t# a r du'ti#n #& " na(t* #n d gr (#- r t!an t!at im"#sa)( <)* virtu #& art,13 <2= RPC= ReasoningC $ '#nt nds t!at i& &#und gui(t*, t! "rivi( g d mitigating 'ir'umstan' #& min#rit* s!#u(d ) a""r 'iat d in !is &av#r, % In drug 'as s, t! 3uantit* #& "r#!i)it d drugs inv#(v d is d t rminativ #& t! im"#sa)( " na(t*, S 'ti#n 20 #& R,A, N#, 6425, as am nd d )* S 'ti#n 19 #& R,A, N#, 9652, "r#vid s t!at -! n t! 3uantit* #& indian ! m" #r mari/uana is 950 grams #r m#r , as in t!is 'as , t! " na(t* s!a((

PEOPLE v ELAMPARO 322 SCRA 404 OKISK>BING; >ar'! 31, 2000

NATURE A"" a( &r#m /udgm nt #& R%C, FACTS $ A'ting #n a r "#rt )* an in&#rmant, "#(i' #&&i' rs '#ndu't d a )u*$)ust #" rati#n <#& mari/uana= in Ca(##'an, %! * arr st d t! " rs#n -!# s#(d t! m t! mari/uana <S" n' r=, )ut t! sam -as a)( t# s'a" , %! nC At! P)u*$)ust0 t am "ursu d S" n' r, -!# ran insid a )unga(#-$t*" !#us , 4aving tra"" d S" n' r insid t! !#us , t! "#(i' #&&i' rs &ris. d !im and r '#v r d t! mar. d m#n *, %! #&&i' rs a(s# &#und 7(am"ar# r "a'.ing 5 )ri'.s #& mari/uana insid t! !#us 0s sa(a 7(am"ar# -as t! n arr st d and G - r ta. n t# a "r 'in't G and d (iv r d t# an in3u st &is'a( &#r &urt! r inv stigati#n,B %! )u*$)ust

Criminal Procedure
) reclusion perpetua t# d at! and &in ranging &r#m &iv !undr d t!#usand " s#s <P500,000,00= t# t n mi((i#n " s#s <P10,000,000,00=, $ A"" ((ant !aving ) n )#rn #n +anuar* 2, 1298, -as #n(* 19 * ars, 1 m#nt!, and 3 da*s #(d, at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim #n F )ruar* 12, 1225, $ ) ing a min#r #v r 15 and und r 18 at t! tim #& t! '#mmissi#n, ! is ntit( d t# a r du' d " na(t* du t# t! "rivi( g d mitigating 'ir'umstan' % %!us, " na(t* s!#u(d ) r du' d t# r '(usi#n t m"#ra(, N# &in is im"#sa)( in t!is 'as , &#r it is im"#s d as a '#n/un'tiv " na(t* #n(* i& t! " na(t* is reclusion perpetua t# d at!, Dispositive P titi#n AFFIR>7; -it! m#di&i'ati#n,

a2010 page 66
<a= t# ! ar t! " titi#n &#r )ai( <)= t# '#nsid r d & ns #& r (ativ in &av#r #& Rami( >an s and <'= t# ta. n#t t!at S rg#n >an s -as a m r vi'tim #& %am#rit Qs un(a-&u( aggr ssi#n 5ccording to the prosecution U +un 23, 1221 N 5 in t! a&t rn##n, A?AN Cat 3uista -it! NICAN1R %am#rit and +1S7 Cu)ita, - nt t# s a )as. t)a(( gam at t! )aranga* "(a8a, 5! n t! gam -as #v r, A(an a""r#a'! d and invit d Ni'an#r t# g# !#m ; at t!at tim , ! -as sti(( s at d, A''us d RA>I? >an s a""r#a'! d Ni'an#r and "#int d a 38 'a(i) r r v#(v r at !im, sa*ing RIt is a )ad (u'. *#u did n#t .i(( m during t! &i sta in Baranga* Ca)a*ugan, N#- I -i(( ) t! #n t# .i(( *#u,R Ni'an#r ran t# A(an and us d !im as a s!i (d &r#m Rami(, At t!at "#int, A(an ! ard a t!ud and as ! (##. d )a'., ! sa- a''us d S7RG1N >an s -it! a g#r* .ni& and ! a(s# sa- Ni'an#r running a-a*, -it! )(##d #n !is )a'., Rami( >an s "ursu d Ni'an#r and s!#t !im !itting !im at t! )a'., /ust a)#v t! -aist(in , B#t! a''us d '#ntinu d t# '!as Ni'an#r -!# ran t#-ards t! "r mis s #& t! !#us #& A;ING A)(ad#, Rami( >an s &ir d t-# m#r s!#ts, It '#u(d n#t ) d t rmin d -! t! r t!#s s!#ts !it Ni'an#r as ! and t! a''us d - r a(r ad* insid t! "r mis s #& t! & n' #& Ading, +#s -!# -as n ar Ni'an#r -! n t! t-# a''us d '!as d !im did n#t r nd r assistan' t# !im, A&t r A(an ! ard t! t-# s!#ts, ! and +#s ran !#m , A(an t#(d !is &at! r and un'( t!at S rg#n sta)) d Ni'an#r and t!at Rami( s!#t !im, A(an, !is &at! r, un'( , +#s and t! m#t! r #& Ni'an#r t! n - nt t# -! r t! )#d* #& Ni'an#r -as in t! d#-n!i(( "#rti#n #& t! "r mis s #& t! !#us #& Ading, Ni'an#r -as (*ing #n !is )a'., -it! 2 -#unds #n t! )r ast, 1 guns!#t -#und and 1 sta) -#und, 5ccording to the accused&Ramil' U +un 23, 1221 N in t! a&t rn##n, ! -as at !#m '##.ing, At ar#und 5C00 t# 5C30, ! ! ard s!#uts '#ming &r#m t! dir 'ti#n #& t! )aranga* )as. t)a(( '#urt, -!i'! -as a)#ut t n <10= m t rs a-a* &r#m !is !#us , 4 - nt t# t! -ind#- t# '! '. -!at it -as, 4 sa- !is *#ung r )r#t! r S rg#n (*ing #n t! '#n'r t "av m nt and s v ra( " rs#ns - r ganging u" #n !im, t!r #& -!#m ! id nti&i d as Ni'an#r, A(an and +#s , %! * . "t #n )#:ing and .i'.ing !is )r#t! r "r#m"ting !im t# '#m t# t! (att rQs aid, 1n !is -a* #ut, ! sa- a gun #n t#" #& t! ta)( and )r#ug!t it -it! !im t# t! )as. t)a(( '#urt, U 5!i( #n !is -a* t# t! )as. t)a(( '#urt, Rami( &ir d a -arning s!#t t# "r v nt Ni'an#r &r#m sta))ing !is )r#t! r S rg#n, Ni'an#r " rsist d in t! "ursuit #& S rg#n, -it! a .ni& in !is !and, S rg#n -as a)#ut t!r m t rs a! ad #& Ni'an#r -!# -as a)#ut t n m t rs a! ad #& t! "ursuing Rami(, Rami( &ir d an#t! r s!#t t!at !it Ni'an#r -!#,, & (( t# t! gr#und, > an-!i( , S rg#n manag d t# &( , Rami( a(s# &( d t# t! dir 'ti#n #& t! sugar'an &i (d as s##n as ! &ir d t! s '#nd s!#t ) 'aus ! sa- t! gr#u" #& A(an a""r#a'!ing,, arm d -it! guns ,12 Rami( and !is )r#t! r S rg#n - nt int# !iding and #n(* sur&a' d a * ar (at r -! n t! * - r arr st d in R#m)(#n, - "r#s 'uti#n0s s t #& &a'ts -as &av#r d )* t! '#urt ISSUE 51N " titi#n r !as a rig!t t# )ai( HELD N1

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

Ratio 5! n an a''us d is '!arg d -it! a 'a"ita( #&& ns , #r an #&& ns "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n " r" tua, #r (i& im"ris#nm nt #r d at!, and vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, )ai( must ) d ni d, as it is n it! r a matt r #& rig!t n#r #& dis'r ti#n Reasoning $ In #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n " r" tua, (i& im"ris#nm nt #r d at!, t! a''us d !as n# rig!t t# )ai( -! n vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, %! '#urt must ! ar a " titi#n &#r )ai( t# d t rmin -! t! r t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng ) &#r d 'iding t# grant #r d n* )ai( t# t! a''us d, 5!i( t! a''us d 'an a""(* &#r )ai( and !av t! '#urt ! ar !is a""(i'ati#n summari(* and "r#m"t(*, su'! rig!t ma* ) -aiv d :"r ss(* #r im"(i d(*, In t!is 'as , t! tria( '#urt "r#' d d t# tr* t! 'as -it!#ut r s#(ving t! " titi#n &#r )ai( t!at a"" ((ants &i( d, 4#- v r, t! (att r did n#t 'a(( t! att nti#n #& t! tria( '#urt t# t! ir unr s#(v d a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai(, It -as #n(* in t! a"" a( t!at t! * rais d t!is issu , %!us, &#r &ai(ur t# )ring t# t! att nti#n #& t! tria( C#urt at t! ar(i st #""#rtun tim , a"" ((ants ar d m d t# !av -aiv d t! ir rig!t t# )ai(, $ d & ns #& r (ativ C FAI?7; %1 PR1SP7R ) 'aus 1= un(a-&u( aggr ssi#n, t! ss ntia( ( m nt t# d & ns #& r (ativ is a)s nt ) 'aus i& it - r tru t!at S rg#n -as ) ing atta'. d, ! -#u(d !av su&& r d in/uri s, 2= i& ind d ! a't d in d & ns #& !is *#ung r )r#t! r S rg#n -!# -as t! n und r atta'., ! -#u(d n#t !ar)#r an* & ar in "r s nting !ims (& t# t! "r#" r aut!#riti s, $ v n t!#ug! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# s!#- vid nt "r m ditati#n, tria( '#urt '#rr 't(* '#nsid r d tr a'! r* as 3ua(i&*ing t! .i((ing #& t! vi'tim t# murd r, Dispositive - AFFIR> t! /udgm nt #& t! tria( '#urt '#nvi'ting a''us d$a"" ((ants S rg#n >an s and Rami( >an s #& murd r and s nt n'ing a'! #& t! m t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua -it! t! a'' ss#r* " na(ti s #& t! (a- and t# ind mni&* t! ! irs #& t! d ' as d Ni'an#r %am#rit in t! am#unt #& P50,000,00, "(us P21,250,00, as a'tua( damag s,

PEOPLE v MANES 303 SCRA 231 PAR;1; F )ruar* 19, 1222

NATURE An a"" a( ta. n )* a''us d S rg#n >an s and Rami( >an s &r#m t! /udgm nt #& R%C I(#i(# Cit*, '#nvi'ting t! m #& murd r and s nt n'ing t! m t# a'! Rsu&& r t! " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua -it! t! a'' ss#r* " na(ti s as "r#vid d in Arti'( 41 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d R and Rt# ind mni&* t! &ami(* #& t! ir vi'tim in t! am#unt #& P50,000,00 "(us P21,250,00 as :" ns s &#r t! )uria(, -a. and #t! r r (at d matt r and t# "a* t! '#sts,B FACTS $ +u(* 12, 1221, Pr#vin'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r #& I(#i(# Pr#vin' &i( d -it! R%C I(#i(# Cit*, an INF1R>A%I1N '!arging t! a''us d -it! >KR;7RC R%!at #n #r a)#ut t! 23rd #& +un , 1221, in t! >uni'i"a(it* #& Badiangan, Pr#vin' #& I(#i(#, P!i(i""in s, and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( '#urt, t! a)#v $nam d a''us d, '#ns"iring, '#n& d rating and mutua((* ! ("ing #n an#t! r t# ) tt r r a(i8 t! ir "ur"#s arm d -it! a .ni& and a ,38 'a(i) r r v#(v r r s" 'tiv (*, -it! tr a'! r* andM#r vid nt "r m ditati#n, did t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((*, and & (#ni#us(* assau(t, atta'., sta) and s!#t Ni'an#r %am#rit -it! t! .ni& and ,38 'a(i) r r v#(v r -it! -!i'! t! * - r t! n "r#vid d, in&(i'ting u"#n t! said Ni'an#r %am#rit sta) -#unds and gun s!#t -#unds #n t! di&& r nt "arts #& !is )#d* -!i'! 'aus d !is d at! imm diat (* t! r a&t r,R $ "r#s 'uti#n r '#mm nd d N1 BAI? &#r t! "r#visi#na( (i) rt* #& t! a''us d, $ +u(* 22, 1221 $ %C issu d a 5ARRAN% 1F ARR7S% against t! a''us d $ 1't#) r 18, 1221 N %C #rd r d t! 'as ARC4I@7; &#r &ai(ur t# (#'at t! t-# a''us d $ +un 24, 1222 $ S rg#n and Rami( >an s - r ARR7S%7; in R#m)(#n, R#m)(#n $ S "t m) r 19, 1222 $ K"#n ARRAIGN>7N%, )#t! a''us d "( ad d N1% GKI?%6 t# t! in&#rmati#n $ August 25, 1222 $ a''us d &i( d a P7%I%I1N F1R BAI? -!i'! -as #""#s d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n, %C did n#t ! ar t! " titi#n &#r )ai(, N it! r did t! a''us d inv#. t! rig!t t# )ai( at an* stag #& t! tria(, $ +anuar* 13, 1225 $ %C '#nvi't d t! a''us d #& murd r $ F )ruar* 10, 1225 $ )#t! a''us d a"" a( d t# SC -! r a''us d 3u sti#n d %C0s &ai(ur

PEOPLE v CABRAL 303 SCRA 361 R1>7R1; F )ruar* 18, 1222

NATURE S" 'ia( Civi( A'ti#n FACTS $ R#d ri'. 1diamar -as '!arg d -it! t! ra" #& 15 * ar #(d C 'i(( Bu na& , In a )id t# s 'ur t m"#rar* (i) rt*, t! a''us d &i( d a m#ti#n &#r )ai( -!i'! -as #""#s d )* t! " titi#n r, $ %! (#- r '#urt grat d t! m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at d s"it t! 'rim a(( g d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d is "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n " r" tua, t! vid n' t!us &ar "r s nt d is n#t str#ng n#ug! t# -arrant d nia( #& t! )ai(, %! /udg in '#n'(uding t!us 'it d t! &a't t!at t! gir( - nt -it! t! #&& nd r v#(untari(* and did n#t r sist during t! '#mmissi#n #& t! ra" , In additi#n, t! /udg 3u#t d t! m di'# ( ga( r "#rt as n#t '#n'(usi#n t!at ra" -as in &a't '#mmitt d '#nsid rati#n t!at t! (a' rati#ns #n t! vi'tim ma* !av ) n - .s #r m#nt!s #(d -! n t! m di'a( :aminati#n -as " r&#rm d si: da*s a&t r t! #&& ns #''urr d,

Criminal Procedure
$ %! CA a&&irm d t! d 'isi#n sa*ing t!at t! r -as n# a)us #& dis'r ti#n in t!is 'as , A%! r is grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n -! r t! "#- r is : r'is d in an ar)itrar* #r d s"#ti' mann r )* r as#n #& "assi#n, "r /udi' , #r " rs#na( !#sti(it* am#unting t# an vasi#n #& "#sitiv dut* #r t# a virtua( r &usa( t# " r&#rm t! dut* n/#in d #r t# a't at a(( in '#nt m"(ati#n #& t! (a-,B %! P #"( &i( d t! a"" a( #n t! gr#und t!at -!i( t! /udg !ad dis'r ti#n #n t! grant #& )ai(, ! !ad a)us d t!is dis'r ti#n, ISSUE $ 51N t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a't d -it! grav a)us d s"it a s!#-ing )* t! "r#s 'ut#r t!at t! r is str#ng vid n' "r#ving r s"#nd nt0s gui(t &#r t! 'rim '!arg d, HELD 67S $ %! SC ! (d t!at t! CA and t! (#- r '#urt &ai( d t# m nti#n and in'(ud s#m &a'ts -!i'! ar signi&i'ant &a't#rs and 'ir'umstan' s -!i'! ar str#ng, '( ar, and '#nvin'ing, C#nsid rati#n #& t! said &a't#rs and 'ir'umstan' s -#u(d !av r su(t d in t! d nia( #& )ai(, R%,-$0+09 $ 5rticle III( Section ,9 o the 2ill o Rights provides; >5ll persons( e$cept those charged "ith o enses punisha!le !y reclusion perpetua "hen evidence o guilt is strong( shall !e ore conviction( !e !aila!le !y su icient sureties( or !e released on recogni1ance as may !e provided !y la"# the right to !ail shall not !e impaired even "hen the privilege o the "rit o ha!eas corpus is suspended# 4$cessive !ail shall not !e re-uired#? $ S 'ti#n 9 Ru( 4 #& t! Ru( s #& '#urt "r#vid sC AN# " rs#n '!arg d -it! a 'a"ita( #&& ns , #r an #&& ns "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n " r" tua #r (i& im"ris#nm nt, -! n t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, s!a(( ) admitt d t# )ai( r gard( ss #& t! stag #& 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n,B $ In t! 'as at )ar, )ai( is dis'r ti#nar* and n#t a matt r #& rig!t '#nsid ring t!at t! "unis!m nt &#r t! #&& ns is r '(usi#n " r" tua, t! grant #& t! )ai( is d " nd nt #n t! vid n' #& t! gui(t -!i'! s!#u(d -!i'! s!#u(d ) str#ng t# /usti&* d nia(, t!is d t rminati#n is a matt r #& /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n, $ B* /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n, t! (a- mandat s t! d t rminati#n #& -! t! r "r##& is vid nt #r t! "r sum"ti#n #& gui(t is str#ng, Pr##& vid nt #r vid nt "r##& is t!is '#nn 'ti#n, !as ) n ! (d t# m an '( ar, str#ng vid n' -!i'! ( ads a - (( guard d dis"assi#nat /udgm nt t# t! '#n'(usi#n t!at an #&& ns !as ) n '#mmitt d as '!arg d, t!at t! a''us d is t! gui(t* ag nt, and t!at ! -i(( "r#)a)(* ) "unis! d 'a"ita((* i& t! (a- is administ r d, Pr sum"ti#n gr at :ists -! n t! 'ir'umstan' s t sti&i d t# ar su'! t!at t! in& r n' #& gui(t natura((* t# ) dra-n t! r &r#m is str#ng, '( ar, and '#nvin'ing t# an un)ias d /udgm nt and :'(ud s a(( r as#na)( "r#)a)i(it* #& an* #t! r '#n'(usi#n, In #t! r -#rds, t! t st is n#t -! t! r t! vid n' sta)(is! s gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t )ut rat! r -! t! r it s!#-s vid nt gui(t #r a gr at "r sum"ti#n #& gui(t, $ In t! 'as #& an a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai(, t! duti s #& t! /udg ar as &#((#-sC 1, N#ti&* t! "r#s 'ut#r #& t! ! aring #& t! a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( #r r 3uir !im t# su)mit !is r '#mm ndati#n;

a2010 page 6
2, C#ndu't a ! aring #& t! a""(i'ati#n &#r )ai( r gard( ss #& -! t! r #r n#t t! "r#s 'uti#n r &us s t# "r s nt vid n' t# s!#- t!at t! gui(t #& t! a''us d is str#ng &#r t! "ur"#s #& na)(ing t! '#urt t# : r'is its dis'r ti#n 3, ; 'id -! t! r t! vid n' #& gui(t #& t! a''us d is str#ng )as d #n t! summar* #& vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n 4, I& t! gui(t #& t! a''us d is n#t str#ng, dis'!arg t! a''us d u"#n t! a""r#va( #& t! )ai( )#nd, 1t! r-is t! " titi#n s!#u(d ) d ni d, $ Bas d #n t! duti s, t! '#urt0s #rd r granting #r d n*ing )ai( must '#ntain a summar* #& t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, A summar* is d &in d as a '#m"r ! nsiv and usua((* )ri & a)stra't #r dig st #& a t st #r stat m nt, 47NC7, %47 SK>>AR6 S41K?; N7C7SSARI?6 B7 A C1>P?7%7 C1>PI?A%I1N 1R R7S%A%7>7N% 1F A?? %47 PI7C7S 1F 7@I;7NC7 PR7S7N%7; ;KRING %47 47ARING PR1P7R, %! ?#- r '#urt 'ann#t : r'is /udi'ia( dis'r ti#n as t# -!at "i ' s #& vid n' s!#u(d ) in'(ud d in t! summar*, 1t! r-is , t! sam -i(( ) '#nsid r d d & 'tiv in &#rm and su)stan' -!i'! 'ann#t ) sustain d #r ) giv n a s m)(an' #& va(idit*, Dispositive Grant #& )ai( is d '(ar d v#id, %! '#urt s!#u(d issu a -arrant #& arr st #& 1diamar i& !is )ai( )#nd !as ) n a""r#v d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ Nin m#r in&#rmati#ns &#r '!i(d a)us - r &i( d against " titi#n r )* t! sam '#m"(ainant, ?#r (i San >igu (, and )* t!r #t! r min#r '!i(dr n, >ar* Ann %ard si((a, + nni& r Catarman, and Anna(*n %a(ingting, In a(( t! 'as s, it -as a(( g d t!at, #n vari#us dat s m nti#n d in t! in&#rmati#ns, " titi#n r !ad s :ua( int r'#urs -it! '#m"(ainants -!# !ad ) n R :"(#it d in "r#stituti#n and , , , giv n m#n * D)* " titi#n rE as "a*m nt &#r t! said Da'ts #&E s :ua( int r'#urs ,R $ N# )ai( -as r '#mm nd d, N#n t! ( ss, " titi#n r &i( d s "arat a""(i'ati#ns &#r )ai( in t! nin 'as s, $ %ria( '#urt grant d t! rig!t t# "#st )ai( in t! am#unt #& P80,000,00 &#r a'! 'as #r a t#ta( #& P800,000,00 &#r a(( t! 'as s und r t! &#((#-ing '#nditi#nsC a= %! a''us d s!a(( n#t ) ntit( d t# a -aiv r #& a"" aran' during t! tria( #& t! s 'as s, 4 s!a(( and must a(-a*s ) "r s nt at t! ! arings #& t! s 'as s; )= In t! v nt t!at ! s!a(( n#t ) a)( t# d# s#, !is )ai( )#nds s!a(( ) aut#mati'a((* 'an' (( d and &#r& it d, -arrants &#r !is arr st s!a(( ) imm diat (* issu d and t! 'as s s!a(( "r#' d t# tria( in a)s ntia; '= %! !#(d$d "artur 1rd r #& t!is C#urt dat d A"ri( 10, 1229 stands; and d= A""r#va( #& t! )ai( )#nds s!a(( ) mad #n(* a&t r t! arraignm nt t# na)( t!is C#urt t# imm diat (* a'3uir /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! a''us d; $ P titi#n r &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#ns against !im, P nding r s#(uti#n #& !is m#ti#n, ! as. d t! tria( '#urt t# sus" nd t! arraignm nt s'! du( d, 4 t! n &i( d a m#ti#n in -!i'! ! "ra* d t!at t! am#unts #& )ai( )#nds ) r du' d t# P40,000,00 &#r a'! 'as and t!at t! sam ) d#n "ri#r t# !is arraignm nt, $ %ria( '#urt d ni d " titi#n r0s m#ti#ns t# r du' )ai( )#nds, t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#ns, and t# sus" nd arraignm nt, $ P titi#n r -as arraign d during -!i'! ! "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! '!arg s against !im and t! n #rd r d !im r ( as d u"#n "#sting )ai( )#nds in t! t#ta( am#unt #& P800,000,00, su)/ 't t# t! '#nditi#ns and t! R!#(d$d "artur R #rd r, %! "r $tria( '#n& r n' -as s t, $ P titi#n r &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari in CA, assai(ing t! tria( '#urt0s #rd rs, $ 5!i( t! 'as -as " nding in t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, t-# m#r in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d against " titi#n r, )ringing t! t#ta( num) r #& 'as s against !im t# 12, -!i'! - r a(( '#ns#(idat d, $ CAC a= %! a''us d s!a(( n#t ) ntit( d t# a -aiv r #& a"" aran' during t! tria( #& t! s 'as s, 4 s!a(( and must a(-a*s ) "r s nt at t! ! arings #& t! s 'as s; )= In t! v nt t!at ! s!a(( n#t ) a)( t# d# s#, !is )ai( )#nds s!a(( ) aut#mati'a((* 'an' (( d and &#r& it d, -arrants &#r !is arr st s!a(( ) imm diat (* issu d and t! 'as s s!a(( "r#' d t# tria( in a)s ntia;E $ CA inva(idat d t! &irst t-# '#nditi#ns im"#s d in t! >a* 16, 1229 #rd r &#r t! grant #& )ai( t# " titi#n r )ut ru( d t!at t! issu '#n' rning t! va(idit* #& t! '#nditi#n ma.ing arraignm nt a "r r 3uisit &#r t! a""r#va( #& " titi#n r0s )ai( )#nds t# ) m##t and a'ad mi', It n#t d Rt!at " titi#n r !as "#st d t! 'as! )#nds; t!at -! n arraign d, r "r s nt d )* (a-* rs, ! "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# a'! #&& ns ; and t!at ! !as a(r ad* ) n r ( as d &r#m d t nti#n,R CA t!#ug!t t!at t! a&#r said '#nditi#ns in t! >a* 16, 1229 #rd r - r '#ntrar* t# Art, III, ^14<2= #& t! C#nstituti#n -!i'! "r#vid s t!at RDaE&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&ia)( ,R

SEPARATE OPINION >ITUG G2+--%0'+09H

$ %! :tra#rdinar* r m di s und r Ru( 65 #& t! ru( s #& C#urt ar n#t #" n -! n t! 3u sti#n is -! t! r t! tria( /udg !as rr d in t! : r'is #& s#und dis'r ti#n, %! s s" 'ia( r (i &s ar avai(a)( #n(* -! n t! /udg !as '#mmitt d grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n am#unting t# (a'. #r :' ss #& /urisdi'ti#n in !is d 'isi#n #r #rd r su'! as )* ar)itrari(* ign#ring t! vid n' #r '#m"( t (* a'ting #n )ias and -!im,

LA>IDES v CA :PISON ,02 PEOPLE< 324 SCRA 321 >7N;1LA; F )ruar* 1, 2000
FACTS $ ?avid s -as arr st d &#r '!i(d a)us und r R,A, 9610, 4is arr st -as mad -it!#ut a -arrant as a r su(t #& an ntra"m nt '#ndu't d )* t! "#(i' , $ Par nts #& '#m"(ainant ?#r (i San >igu ( r "#rt d t# t! "#(i' t!at t! ir daug!t r, t! n 16 * ars #(d, !ad ) n '#nta't d )* " titi#n r &#r an assignati#n t!at nig!t at " titi#n r0s r##m at t! > tr#"#(itan 4#t (, %!is -as n#t t! &irst tim t! "#(i' r ' iv d r "#rts #& " titi#n r0s a'tiviti s, An ntra"m nt #" rati#n -as t! r &#r s t in m#ti#n, %! "#(i' sa- !im -it! ?#r (i , -!# -as - aring #n(* a s!irt and an und r- ar, -! r u"#n t! * arr st d !im, Bas d #n t! s-#rn stat m nt #& '#m"(ainant and t! a&&idavits #& t! arr sting #&&i' rs, -!i'! - r su)mitt d at t! in3u st, an in&#rmati#n &#r vi#(ati#n #& Art, III, ^5<)= #& R,A, 9610 -as &i( d, $ P titi#n r &i( d an R1mni)us >#ti#n <1= F#r +udi'ia( ; t rminati#n #& Pr#)a)( Caus ; <2= F#r t! Imm diat R ( as #& t! A''us d Kn(a-&u((* ; tain d #n an Kn(a-&u( 5arrant( ss Arr st; and <3= In t! 7v nt #& Adv rs R s#(uti#n #& t! A)#v In'id nt, 4 r in A''us d ) A((#- d t# Bai( as a >att r #& Rig!t und r t! ?a- #n 5!i'! 4 is C!arg d,R

Criminal Procedure
$ 5it! r s" 't t# t! d nia( #& " titi#n r0s m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#ns against !im, CA ! (d t!at " titi#n r '#u(d n#t 3u sti#n t! sam in a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari ) &#r it, )ut -!at ! must d# -as t# g# t# tria( and t# r it rat t! gr#unds #& !is m#ti#n t# 3uas! #n a"" a( s!#u(d t! d 'isi#n ) adv rs t# !im, ISSUE 51N CA rr d in n#t d t rmining t! va(idit* #& t! '#nditi#ns im"#s d in t! tria( '#urt0s #rd r #& >a* 16, 1229 &#r t! grant #& )ai(,, HELD 67S $ CA s!#u(d !av d t rmin d t! va(idit* #& t! '#nditi#ns im"#s d in t! tria( '#urt0s #rd r #& >a* 16, 1229 &#r t! grant #& )ai( ) 'aus " titi#n r0s '#nt nti#n is t!at !is arraignm nt -as ! (d in "ursuan' #& t! s '#nditi#ns &#r )ai(, $ Bai( s!#u(d ) grant d ) &#r arraignm nt, #t! r-is t! a''us d ma* ) "r '(ud d &r#m &i(ing a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, F#r i& t! in&#rmati#n is 3uas! d and t! 'as is dismiss d, t! r -#u(d t! n ) n# n d &#r t! arraignm nt #& t! a''us d, In t! s '#nd "(a' , t! tria( '#urt '#u(d nsur t! "r s n' #& " titi#n r at t! arraignm nt "r 'is (* )* granting )ai( and #rd ring !is "r s n' at an* stag #& t! "r#' dings, su'! as arraignm nt, Knd r Ru( 114, ^2<)= #& t! Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , #n #& t! '#nditi#ns #& )ai( is t!at Rt! a''us d s!a(( a"" ar ) &#r t! "r#" r '#urt -! n v r s# r 3uir d )* t! '#urt #r t! s Ru( s,R -!i( und r Ru( 116, ^1<)= t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d at t! arraignm nt is r 3uir d, $ 1n t! #t! r !and, t# '#nditi#n t! grant #& )ai( t# an a''us d #n !is arraignm nt -#u(d ) t# "(a' !im in a "#siti#n -! r ! !as t# '!##s ) t- n <1= &i(ing a m#ti#n t# 3uas! and t!us d (a* !is r ( as #n )ai( ) 'aus unti( !is m#ti#n t# 3uas! 'an ) r s#(v d, !is arraignm nt 'ann#t ) ! (d, and <2= &#r g#ing t! &i(ing #& a m#ti#n t# 3uas! s# t!at ! 'an ) arraign d at #n' and t! r a&t r ) r ( as d #n )ai(, %! s s' nari#s ' rtain(* und rmin t! a''us d0s '#nstituti#na( rig!t n#t t# ) "ut #n tria( :' "t u"#n va(id '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n su&&i'i nt t# '!arg !im -it! a 'rim and !is rig!t t# )ai(, DKnd r Art, III, ^5 #& R,A, 9610, t! #&& ns s -it! -!i'! " titi#n r is '!arg d ar "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n t m"#ra( in its m dium " ri#d t# r '(usi#n " r" tua,E $ It is t! '#nditi#n in t! >a* 16, 1229 #rd r #& t! tria( '#urt t!at 6approval of the bail bonds shall be made onl' after arraignment&6 -!i'! CA s!#u(d inst ad !av d '(ar d v#id, %! '#nditi#n im"#s d in t! tria( '#urt0s #rd r #& >a* 16, 1229 t!at t! a''us d 'ann#t -aiv !is a"" aran' at t! tria( )ut t!at ! must ) "r s nt at t! ! arings #& t! 'as is va(id and is in a''#rdan' -it! Ru( 114, F#r an#t! r '#nditi#n #& )ai( und r Ru( 114, ^2<'= is t!at R%! &ai(ur #& t! a''us d t# a"" ar at t! tria( -it!#ut /usti&i'ati#n d s"it du n#ti' t# !im #r !is )#ndsman s!a(( ) d m d an :"r ss -aiv r #& !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt #n t! dat s" 'i&i d in t! n#ti' , In su'! 'as , tria( s!a(( "r#' d in a)s ntia,R $ Art, III, ^14<2= #& t! C#nstituti#n aut!#ri8ing tria(s in a)s ntia a((#-s t! a''us d t# ) a)s nt at t! tria( )ut n#t at ' rtain stag s #& t! "r#' dings, t# -itC <a= at arraignm nt and "( a, -! t! r #& inn#' n' #r #& gui(t,2 DRu( 116, ^1<)=E <)= during tria( -! n v r n ' ssar* &#r id nti&i'ati#n "ur"#s s, and <'= at t! "r#mu(gati#n #& s nt n' , un( ss it is &#r a (ig!t #&& ns , in -!i'! 'as t! a''us d ma* a"" ar )* '#uns ( #r

a2010 page 6!
r "r s ntativ ,11 DRu( 120, ^6,E At su'! stag s #& t! "r#' dings, !is "r s n' is r 3uir d and 'ann#t ) -aiv d, $ A(t!#ug! t!is '#nditi#n is inva(id, it d# s n#t &#((#- t!at t! arraignm nt #& " titi#n r #n >a* 23, 1229 -as a(s# inva(id, C#ntrar* t# " titi#n r0s '#nt nti#n, t! arraignm nt did n#t manat &r#m t! inva(id '#nditi#n t!at Ra""r#va( #& t! )ai( )#nds s!a(( ) mad #n(* a&t r t! arraignm nt,R 7v n -it!#ut su'! a '#nditi#n, t! arraignm nt #& " titi#n r '#u(d n#t ) #mitt d, In sum, a(t!#ug! t! '#nditi#n &#r t! grant #& )ai( t# " titi#n r is inva(id, !is arraignm nt and t! su)s 3u nt "r#' dings against !im ar va(id, $ P titi#n r '#n' d s t!at t! ru( is t!at t! r m d* #& an a''us d -!#s m#ti#n t# 3uas! is d ni d is n#t t# &i( a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari )ut t# "r#' d t# tria( -it!#ut "r /udi' t# !is rig!t t# r it rat t! gr#unds inv#. d in !is m#ti#n t# 3uas! during tria( #n t! m rits #r #n a"" a( i& an adv rs /udgm nt is r nd r d against !im, 4#- v r, ! argu s t!at t!is 'as s!#u(d ) tr at d as an :' "ti#n, 4 '#nt nds t!at t! C#urt #& A"" a(s s!#u(d n#t !av vad d t! issu #& -! t! r ! s!#u(d ) '!arg d und r s v ra( in&#rmati#ns '#rr s"#nding t# t! num) r #& a'ts #& '!i(d a)us a(( g d(* '#mmitt d )* !im against a'! #& t! '#m"(ainants, Dispositive %! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s is S7% ASI;7 and an#t! r #n is R7N;7R7; d '(aring t! #rd rs dat d >a* 16, 1229 and >a* 23, 1229 #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt, Bran'! 109, Ou 8#n Cit* t# ) va(id, -it! t! :' "ti#n #& '#nditi#n <d= in t! s '#nd "aragra"! #& t! #rd r #& >a* 16, 1229 <ma.ing arraignm nt a "r r 3uisit t# t! grant #& )ai( t# " titi#n r=, -!i'! is ! r )* d '(ar d v#id,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

' rtain #&& ns s; <2= ta: vasi#n; <3= -ir &raud <4= &a(s stat m nts, and <5= i(( ga( 'am"aign '#ntri)uti#ns, $ In #rd r t# "r v nt t! &(ig!t #& +im n 8, t! P titi#n "ra* d &#r t! issuan' #& an #rd r &#r !is K+//%2+,'% ,**%-'K "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 6 #& P; N#, 1062 $ B &#r t! R%C '#u(d a't #n t! P titi#n, R s"#nd nt +im n 8 &i( d ) &#r it an RKrg nt >ani& stati#nM7:$Part >#ti#n,R-!i'! "ra* d t!at a""(i'ati#n &#r an arr st -arrant ) s t &#r ! aring, R%C grant s t! m#ti#n #& +im n 8, In t!at ! aring, ! mani& st d its r s rvati#ns #n t! "r#' dur ad#"t d )* t! tria( '#urt a((#-ing t! a''us d in an :traditi#n 'as t# ) ! ard "ri#r t# t! issuan' #& a -arrant #& arr st, A&t r t! ! aring, t! '#urt a 3u# r 3uir d t! "arti s t# su)mit t! ir r s" 'tiv m m#randa, In !is > m#randum, +im n 8 s#ug!t an a(t rnativ "ra* rC t!at in 'as a -arrant s!#u(d issu , ! ) a((#- d t# "#st )ai( in t! am#unt #& P100,000, %! a(t rnativ "ra* r #& +im n 8 -as a(s# s t &#r ! aring, %! r a&t r, t! '#urt ) (#- issu d its 3u sti#n d +u(* 3, 2001 1rd r, dir 'ting t! issuan' #& a -arrant &#r !is arr st and &i:ing )ai( &#r !is t m"#rar* (i) rt* at #n mi((i#n " s#s in 'as!, A&t r ! !ad surr nd r d !is "ass"#rt and "#st d t! r 3uir d 'as! )#nd, +im n 8 -as grant d "r#visi#na( (i) rt*, 4 n' , t!is P titi#n, ISSUE 51N ! is ntit( d t# )ai( and t# "r#visi#na( (i) rt* -!i( t! "r#' dings ar " nding :traditi#n

PEOPLE v MARI JIMENEZ G,R, N#, 148591 PANGANIBAN; S "t m) r 24, 2002
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari "ra*ing &#r t! (i&ting #& t! )ai( 1rd r, t! 'an' ((ati#n #& t! )#nd, and t! ta.ing #& +im n 8 int# ( ga( 'ust#d* FACTS $ %! KS g#v0t t!r#ug! di"(#mati' '!ann (s s nt t# t! P!i(, g#v0t a n#t r 3u sting t! :traditi#n #& >ar. B, +im n 8, a(s# .n#-n as >ari# Bata'an Cr s"#, K"#n r ' i"t #& t! N#t s and d#'um nts, t! s 'r tar* #& &#r ign a&&airs <SFA= transmitt d t! m t# t! s 'r tar* #& /usti' <S1+= &#r a""r#"riat a'ti#n, "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 5 #& t! 7:traditi#n ?a-, $ K"#n ( arning #& t! r 3u st &#r !is :traditi#n, +im n 8 s#ug!t and -as grant d a %R1 )* t! R%C #& >ani(a, -!i'! "r#!i)it d t! ;1+ &r#m &i(ing -it! t! R%C a " titi#n &#r !is :traditi#n, %! %R1 -as assai( d )*t t! S ', #& +usti' , Initia((*, t! '#urt dismiss d t! " titi#n )ut a&t r a'ting u"#n t! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, it r v rs d its ar(i r d 'isi#n, It ! (d t!at +im n 8 -as ) r &t #& t! rig!t t# n#ti' and ! aring during t! va(uati#n stag #& t! :traditi#n "r#' ss, $ Finding n# m#r ( ga( #)sta'( , t! KS g#v0t, r "r s nt d )* t! P!i(i""in ;1+, &i( d -it! t! R%C t! a""r#"riat P titi#n &#r 7:traditi#n, %! P titi#n a(( g d t!at +im n 8 -as t! su)/ 't #& an arr st -arrant issu d )* t! KS ;istri't C#urt &#r t! S#ut! rn ;istri't #& F(#rida #n A"ri( 15, 1222, %! -arrant !ad ) n issu d in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! &#((#-ing '!arg sC <1= '#ns"ira'* t# d &raud t! Knit d Stat s and t# '#mmit

HELD N1 Ratio# After being taken into custod'& potential e+traditees ma' appl' for bail. !ince the applicants have a histor' of absconding& the' have the burden of showing that 0a4 there is no flight risk and no danger to the communit'- and 0b4 there e+ist special& humanitarian or compelling circumstances. The grounds used b' the highest court in the re$uesting state for the grant of bail therein ma' be considered& under the principle of reciprocit' as a special circumstance. *n e+tradition cases& bail is not a matter of right- it is subject to judicial discretion in the conte+t of the peculiar facts of each case. Article ***& !ection 7C of the Constitution& is worded as follows Art. ***& !ec. 7C. All persons& e+cept those charged with offenses punishable b' reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong& shall& before conviction& be bailable b' sufficient sureties& or be released on recogni"ance as ma' be provided b' law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. #+cessive bail shall not be re$uired.6 $ t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# )ai( R&(#-s &r#m t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' in &av#r #& v r* a''us d -!# s!#u(d n#t ) su)/ 't d t# t! (#ss #& &r d#m as t! r a&t r ! -#u(d ) ntit( d t# a'3uitta(, un( ss !is gui(t ) "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t,R It &#((#-s t!at t! '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n #n )ai( -i(( n#t a""(* t# a 'as (i. :traditi#n, -! r t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' is n#t at issu , $ %!at t! #&& ns s &#r -!i'! +im n 8 is s#ug!t t# ) :tradit d ar )ai(a)( in t! Knit d Stat s is n#t an argum nt t# grant !im #n in t! "r s nt 'as , %# str ss, :traditi#n "r#' dings ar s "arat and distin't &r#m t! tria( &#r t! #&& ns s &#r -!i'! ! is '!arg d, 4 s!#u(d a""(* &#r )ai( ) &#r t! '#urts tr*ing t! 'rimina( 'as s against !im, n#t ) &#r t! :traditi#n '#urt,

Criminal Procedure
$ A(s#, - 'ann#t a((#- #ur '#untr* t# ) a !av n &#r &ugitiv s, '#-ards and - a.(ings -!#, inst ad #& &a'ing t! '#ns 3u n' s #& t! ir a'ti#ns, '!##s t# run and !id , 4 n' , it -#u(d n#t ) g##d "#(i'* t# in'r as t! ris. #& vi#(ating #ur tr at* #)(igati#ns i&, t!r#ug! #v r"r#t 'ti#n #r :' ssiv (* (i) ra( tr atm nt, " rs#ns s#ug!t t# ) :tradit d ar a)( t# vad arr st #r s'a" &r#m #ur 'ust#d*, In t! a)s n' #& an* "r#visi#n $$ in t! C#nstituti#n, t! (a- #r t! tr at* $$ :"r ss(* guarant ing t! rig!t t# )ai( in :traditi#n "r#' dings, ad#"ting t! "ra'ti' #& n#t granting t! m )ai(, as a g n ra( ru( , -#u(d ) a st " t#-ards d t rring &ugitiv s &r#m '#ming t# t! P!i(i""in s t# !id &r#m #r vad t! ir "r#s 'ut#rs, ) The denial of bail as a matter of course in e+tradition cases falls into place with and gives life to Article 7: of the Treat'& since this practice would encourage the accused to voluntaril' surrender to the re$uesting state to cut short their detention here. >ikewise& their detention pending the resolution of e+tradition proceedings would fall into place with the emphasis of the #+tradition >aw on the summar' nature of e+tradition cases and the need for their speed' disposition. Dispositive t! P titi#n is GRAN%7;, %! )ai( )#nd "#st d )* "rivat r s"#nd nt is CANC7??7;, %! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& >ani(a is dir 't d t# '#ndu't t! :traditi#n "r#' dings ) &#r it, -it! a(( d (i) rat s" d "ursuant t# t! s"irit and t! ( tt r #& #ur 7:traditi#n %r at* -it! t! Knit d Stat s as - (( as #ur 7:traditi#n ?a-,
Q

a2010 page 6"

$ 1n a"" a(, CA a&&irm d t! '#nvi'ti#n, m#di&*ing t! " na(t* t# im"ris#nm nt #& "risi#n t m"#ra( <146 8> 1;= t# r '(usi#n " r" tua <206 1;= $ Fit8g ra(d &i( d &#r a >#ti#n &#r a N - %ria( and a su""( m nta( a"" a( t# t! m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at n - mat ria( #& vid n' n#t "r vi#us(* avai(a)( !as sur&a' d, CA grant d t! m#ti#n &#r n - tria(, %! #rigina( r '#rds #& t! 'as - r r mand d t# t! R%C, -!i'! -as a(s# dir 't d t# r ' iv n - vid n' , %! m#ti#n t# trans& r t! r s"#nd nt t# t! Nati#na( P nit ntiar* -as d ni d, $ %! " #"( &i( a >FR, -!i( Fit8g ra(d &i( d a >#ti#n t# &i: )ai( -it! >ani& stati#n, B#t! m#ti#ns - r d ni d )* CA, %! )ai( a""(i'ati#n -as d ni d "ursuant t# S ',9 Ru( 114 R1C, %! ma:imum " na(t* im"#sa)( in a''#rdan' -it! RA 9610 is r '(usi#n " r" tua and t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, $ %! " #"( &i( d a " titi#n &r# r vi - #n ' rti#rari, It -as dismiss d -!i'! ) 'am &ina( and : 'ut#r*, $ Fit8g ra(d &i( d -it! CA a >#ti#n &#r 7ar(* %ransmitta( #& t! R '#rds and &#r t! R $7:aminati#n #& t! P na(t* Im"#s d and a >#ti#n &#r Bai(, CA issu d t! assai( d r s#(uti#n granting )ai(, It stat d t!at a(t!#ug! t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, Fit8g ra(d is #& #(d ag and n#t in t! ) st #& ! a(t!, Bai( -as grant d "r mis d n#t #n t! gr#unds stat d in t! m#ti#n &#r )ai(, )ut #n su)stantia( /usti' and '#nsid ring n - tria( -as grant d in t! 'as , $ R%C #rd r d Fit8g ra(d0s t m"#rar* r ( as u"#n &i(ing a 'as! )#nd #& P100 000,00, Petitioners Claim U P #"( &i( d t!is " titi#n t# annu( t! CA R s#(uti#n arguing t!at t! CA rr d in granting t! >#ti#n &#r Bai( d s"it t! 'rim '!arg d -as "unis!a)( )* r '(usi#n " r" tua and t! vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, Plainti s Claim U t! grant &#r n - trai( n gat d t! "r vi#us &indings #& t! :ist n' #& str#ng vid n' #& gui(t, %! /usti&i'ati#n &#r "r#visi#na( r ( as is #n !umanitarian gr#unds, 'iting !is d t ri#rating ! a(t! and #(d ag , ISSUES 1, 51N CA !ad /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! m#ti#n t# "#st )ai( a&t r issuing t! r s#(uti#n granting n - tria( 2, 51N CA rr d in a((#-ing )ai( HELD 1, <t! ru(ing #n t!is matt r is (imit d t# t!is s" 'i&i' 'as = 5! n t! SC grants n - tria(, it va'at s t! /udgm nt #& t! %C '#nvi'ting t! a''us d and r mands t! 'as t# t! %C &#r r ' "ti#n #& n -(*$dis'#v r d vid n' and "r#mu(gati#n #& a n - /udgm nt, $ 4#- v r, -! n CA grants n - tria(, n#t-it!standing S '1 Ru( 125 R1C "r#viding &#r t! uni&#rmit* #& t! "r#' dur ) t- n t! SC and CA, CA ma* d 'id 3u sti#ns #& &a't and #& (a-, 5! n it grants a n tria( "ursuant t# S '14 Ru( 124 R1C, it ma* it! r a= r ' iv t! n vid n' und r S ' 12 #r )= r & r t! 'as t# t! '#urt #& #rigin &#r r ' "ti#n #& su'! vid n' und r S ' 15, in it! r 'as , it d# s n#t r (in3uis! t# t! %C /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as , It r tains su&&i'i nt aut!#rit* t# r s#(v t! in'id nts in t! 'as and d 'id its m rits, $ 7v n -! n CA r mand d t! 'as t# t! %C, CA r tain d a"" ((at /urisdi'ti#n, CA r tain d its aut!#rit* t# a't #n t! r s"#nd nt0s )ai( a""(i'ati#n,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

2, %! rig!t t# )ai( manat s &r#m t! rig!t t# ) "r sum d inn#' nt, It is a''#rd d t# a " rs#n in t! 'ust#d* #& (a- -!# ma* )* r as#n #& t! "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' ! n/#*s, ) a((#- d "r#visi#na( (i) rt* u"#n &i(ing #& a s 'urit* t# guarant !is a"" aran' ) &#r an* '#urt, as r 3uir d und r s" 'i&i' '#nditi#ns, $ Bai( is a matt r #& rig!t t# an a''us d " rs#n in 'ust#d* &#r an #&& ns n#t "unis!a)( )* d at!, r '(usi#n " r" tua #r (i& im"ris#nm nt, )ut a matt r #& dis'r ti#n #n t! "art #& t! '#urt, '#n' rning #n &a'ing an a''usati#n &#r an #&& ns "unis!a)( )* d at!, r '(usi#n " r" tua #r (i& im"ris#nm nt -! n vid n' #& gui(t is str#ng, 2 $ R%C and CA - r unanim#us in t! ir &indings #& t! :ist n' #& str#ng vid n' #& gui(t, Knd r S ' 6<)= Ru( 121, t! grant #& a n - tria( a((#-s &#r r ' "ti#n #& n -(* dis'#v r d vid n' , )ut maintains vid n' a(r ad* "r s nt d #r #n r '#rd, In t! "r s nt 'as , n# n - vid n' !ad ) n intr#du' d n gating t! ar(i r &indings #& t! R%C and CA, Bai( -as n#t a matt r #& rig!t )ut a m r "rivi( g su)/ 't t# t! dis'r ti#n #& CA, $ 4#- v r, t! CA admitt d t!at t! )ai( -as )as d #n ! a(t! r as#ns disr garding t! su)stantiv and "r#' dura( r 3uir m nts #n )ai(, $ CA mad n# s" 'i&i' &indings t!at t! r s"#nd nt su&& r d &r#m an ai(m nt #& su'! gravit* t!at !is '#ntinu d '#n&in m nt during tria( -i(( " rman nt(* im"air !is ! a(t! #r "ut !is (i& in dang r, $ >#r #v r, t! r is &inding #n t! r '#rd #n t! "#t ntia( ris. #& r s"#nd nt '#mmitting a simi(ar #&& ns , Dispositive " titi#n is grant d and t! CA r s#(uti#n annu(( d and s t asid , %! )ai( )#nd "#st d is 'an' (( d, ? t an #rd r #& arr st issu against t! " rs#n #& t! a''us d,

PEOPLE v FITZGERALD 505 SCRA 593 AKS%RIA$>AR%IN7L; 1't#) r 29, 2006

NATURE P titi#n &#r R vi - #n C rti#rari assai(ing t! r s#(uti#n #& CA -!i'! grant d t! >#ti#n &#r )ai( #& a''us d$a"" ((ant and ! r in r s"#nd nt @i't#r S it! Fit8g ra(d, FACTS $ An in&#rmati#n -as &i( d in t! R%C '!arging Fit8g ra(d, an Austra(ian 'iti8 n, -it! t! vi#(ati#n #& Art,III S ' 5, "ar <a=, su)"ar <5= #& RA 9610 8 stating t!at, AGsaid Fit8g ra(d, a'tuat d )* (ust, and )* t! us #& drugs -i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* indu' d '#m"(ainant AAAAB, a min#r, 13 * ars #& ag , t# ngag in "r#stituti#n )* t! n and t! r s!#- ring said AAAAB -it! gi&ts, '(#t! s and &##d and t! r a&t r !aving 'arna( .n#-( dg #& ! r in vi#(ati#n #& t! a&#r said (a- and t# ! r damag and "r /udi' ,B $ R%C r nd r d a d 'isi#n &inding r s"#nd nt Gui(t* #& S ' 5, "ar <a=, su)"ar <5= #& RA 9610 and s nt n' d t# an ind t rminat t rm #& "risi#n ma*#r min <86 1;= t# "risi#n t m"#ra( ma: <196 4> 1;=, K"#n '#m"( ti#n #& !is s nt n' , ! s!a(( ) d "#rt d imm diat (* and &#r v r )arr d &r#m ntr* t# t! P!i(i""in s, 4 -as a'3uitt d #n t! 'as #& ra" , 1n t! )asis #& t! vid n' addu' d, t! '#urt '#nsid r d t! vi - t!at t! t! 'ir'umstan' s #& t! a''us d indi'at a "r#)a)i(it* #& &(ig!t and t!at t! r is undu ris. t!at t! a''us d ma* '#mmit a simi(ar #&& ns , i& r ( as d #n )ai( " nding a"" a(,

US v PALISOC 4 P!i( 209 +14NS1N; F )ruar* 13, 1205

FACTS %! d & ndants - r '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& r#)) r* &#r nt ring t! !#us #& #n R gin# >aminta, a(( ) ing arm d -it! talibones t##. and 'arri d 'arri d a-a* t! sum #& 20 " s#s, > :i'an, and vari#us "i ' s #& / - (r*, a(( #& t! va(u #& 120 " s#s, > :i'an, %! said d & ndants - r tri d and a'! #& t! d & ndants, Pau(in# Pa(is#', Fa)ian# ;iadi), In#' n'i# @a( ri#, and ;#ming# %#rr s, -as s nt n' d t# ) im"ris#n d &#r t! " ri#d #& &iv * ars #& "r sidi# '#rr ''i#na(; and Ru&in# ?avarias, ) 'aus t! '#urt &#und t!at ! -as t! ( ad r #& t! said )and #& r#)) rs, -as s nt n' d t# a " ri#d #& si: * ars #& "r sidi# '#rr ''i#na(, Fr#m t!is s nt n' Fa)ian# ;iadi), In#' n'i# @a( ri#, and Ru&in# ?avarias a"" a( d t# t!is '#urt, %! r '#rd s!#-s t!at at t! ) ginning #& t! tria( Ru&in# ?avarias -as n#t "r s nt and did n#t a"" ar in '#urt unti( a&t r t! &is'a( !ad "r s nt d a(( #& t! -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n; a(( #& t! #t! r d & ndants - r "r s nt, - r du(* arraign d, "( ad d n#t gui(t*, and - r r "r s nt d )* a (a-* r; t!at a&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n !ad '(#s d its 'as against a(( #& t! said d & ndants :' "t Ru&in# ?avarias, t! '#urt dis'#v r d t!at Ru&in# ?avarias -as #utsid t! '#urt r##m, K"#n dis'#v ring t!is &a't t! '#urt #rd r d t! said d & ndant Ru&in# ?avarias t# a"" ar in t! '#urt r##m,
9

S" 'ia( Pr#t 'ti#n #& C!i(dr n against C!i(d A)us , 7:"(#itati#n and ;is'riminati#n A't

S ' 4 and 5 Ru( 114 R1C, and S ' 13 Art III 1289 C#nsti

Criminal Procedure
and t! n and t! r r 'a(( d #n #& t! -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, R gin# >aminta, and "r#' d d t# :amin !im -it! r & r n' t# t! "art Ru&in# ?avarias t##. in t! said r#)) r* '!arg d in t! '#m"(aint, -it!#ut arraigning t! said Ru&in# ?avarias, r ading t# !im t! '#m"(aint, #r in&#rming !im t!at ! !ad t! rig!t t# ) r "r s nt d )* an att#rn * during t! tria(, in a''#rdan' -it! t! "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#ns 16, 19, and 18 #& G n ra( 1rd rs, N#, 58, ISSUE 51N t! '#urt did n#t '#m"(* -it! t! "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#ns 16, 19, and 18 #& G n ra( 1rd r N#, 58 HELD 67S, Ru&in# ?avarias -as n#t arraign d, Dispositive %! /udgm nt #& t! '#urt -it! r & r n' t# Ru&in# ?avarias is r v rs d, and t! 'aus is r mand d t# t! CFI Pangasinan &#r t! "ur"#s #& a n - tria(, %! '#urt is a&&irm d as t# t! s nt n' #& Fa)ian# ;iadi) and In#' n'i# @a( ri# #n t! gr#und #& su&&i'i n'* #& vid n' ,

a2010 page 0
av rm nt t!at t! a''us d -as arraign d and t!at ! "( ad d gui(t*, is n#t a d du'ti#n #r '#ns 3u n' #& an vid n' , ( ga( "r#visi#n #r "rin'i"( #& (a-, )ut a "#sitiv stat m nt #& &a'ts, $ It d# s n#t ma. a di&& r n' i& t! '#urt, a&t r ! aring t! a''us d "( ad gui(t* u"#n arraignm nt, stat d su'! &a'ts in t! /udgm nt r nd r d imm diat (*, in #" n '#urt and in t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d, #r 'aus d said arraignm nt and "( a t# ) stat d in t! minut s, 5!at is im"#rtant is t!at t! a''us d ) arraign d and t!at ! nt rs !is "( a, It is immat ria( !#- #r in -!at mann r su'! &a'ts ar stat d, F#r ( ga( "ur"#s s, it ma. s n# di&& r n' -! t! r t! * a"" ar in t! minut s #r in t! /udgm nt its (&,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

#& sta)(is!ing n#t #n(* t! gui(t )ut a(s# t! "r 'is 'u("a)i(it* #& t! d & ndant, 5! r a "( a #& gui(t* is nt r d )* t! d & ndant, in 'as s -! r t! 'a"ita( " na(t* ma* ) im"#s d, t! '#urt s!#u(d ma. ' rtain t!at d & ndant &u((* und rstands t! natur #& t! '!arg "r & rr d against !im and t! '!ara't r #& t! "unis!m nt "r#vid d )* (a- ) &#r it is im"#s d, %! tria( '#urt s!#u(d t! r &#r 'a(( -itn ss s &#r t! "ur"#s s #& sta)(is!ing t! gui(t and d gr #& 'u("a)i(it* #& t! d & ndant, n#t #n(* t# satis&* t! tria( /udg , )ut a(s# t# aid t! Su"r m C#urt in d t rmining -! t! r t! a''us d r a((* and tru(* und rst##d and '#m"r ! nd d t! m aning, &u(( signi&i'an' and '#ns 3u n' s #& !is "( a, Dispositive# 547R7F1R7, t! /udgm nt und r aut#mati' r vi - is ! r )* S7% ASI;7 and t! 'as R7>AN;7; t# t! tria( '#urt &#r &urt! r "r#' dings, S1 1R;7R7;,

PEOPLE v SERNA 130 SCRA 550 C1NC7PCI1N, +u(* 25, 1284

NATURE Aut#mati' r vi - t# t! Su"r m C#urt FACTS $In Samar during t! nig!t #& N#v m) r 28, 1290, Ra&a ( S rna and Ant#ni# Ci"rian# t##. a-a* P80 &r#m R#mua(d# @i((#n s and ? #nard# Car(#s, %! (att r - r "a*ing &#r t! &is! t!at t! * )#ug!t &r#m a &is! rman -! n t! &#rm r st#( t! ir P80 and #n t! #''asi#n .i(( d t! 2 vi'tims, $t! 2 - r '!arg d -it! R#)) r* -it! ;#u)( 4#mi'id , -it! t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' s #& us #& m#t#ri8 d )an'a as a m ans &#r &(ig!t #r '#n' a(m nt, "(us r 'idivism as r gards S rna sin' ! -as "r vi#us(* '#nvi't d )* &ina( /udgm nt in CFI #& >ani(a, and -as s nt n' d t# an im"ris#nm nt &r#m 10 t# 19 * ars in 1258, $u"#n arraignm nt, )#t! "( ad d gui(t*, inv#.ing t! mitigating 'ir'umstan' #& "( a #& gui(t, Imm diat (*, CFI #& Samar &#und t! 2 gui(t*, '#nsid ring t! mitigating 'ir'umstan' #& "( a #& gui(t and t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' 'it d a)#v , Ci"rian# -as s nt n' d t# R '(usi#n P r" tua <>C #&&s t AC= -!i( S rna -as s nt n' d t# d at! <1>C t# 2AC=, t! r &#r s nt t# SC &#r aut#mati' r vi -, $t! in&#rmati#n -as r ad t# t! a"" ((ants in 7ng(is! and trans(at d in Samar dia( 't, t! r a&t r, t! 2 "( ad d gui(t*, A&t r t! "( a, t! Fis'a( as. d t! "( a #& gui(t* t# ) '#nsid r d mitigating t! n as. d t! '#urt t# '#nsid r t! 2 aggravating 'ir'umstan' against S rna, %! '#urt did n#t :"(ain t! im"#rt #& t! "( a t# t! 2 a''us d, did n#t v n )#t! r t# as. i& t! * und rst##d t! ir "( a, and /ust im"#s d #n S rna t! d at! " na(t*, ISSUE 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d in aut#mati'a((* r nd ring t! " na(t* #& d at! t# S rna HELD N1, Ratio# C#nsid ring t!at t! a"" ((ant -as '!arg d -it! an #&& ns "unis!a)( )* d at!, t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d !av r 3uir d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its vid n' t# "r#v t! :t nt #& !is 'u("a)i(it*, %! ta.ing #& su'! t stim#n* is t! "rud nt and "r#" r '#urs t# &#((#- &#r t! "ur"#s

SEPARATE OPINION A6UINO G2+--%0'+09H

$S rna s!#u(d ) s nt n' d t# r '(usi#n " r" tua ) 'aus C <1= r 'idivism n#t aggravating, t! in&#rmati#n n#t a(( ging t! "ri#r 'rim &#r -!i'! S rna -as '#nvi't d; <2= us #& m#t#ri8 d )an'a n#t aggravating, it -as a m ans #& &(ig!t and n#t &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim ; <3= tr a'! r* g n ri' aggravating )ut #&&s t )* "( a #& gui(t; <4= &a't #& m#r t!an 1 !#mi'id n#t aggravating, n#t num rat d und r Art14, RPC, $S rna und rst##d !is "( a ) 'aus t! r -as n# im"r#vid nt "( a $d#n0t n d t# r mand, 14 * ars a(r ad* "ass d

PEOPLE v AMBROSIO 56 P!i( 801 PEOPLE v CARIAGA 64 P!i( 1059 C1NC7PCI1N; +un 22, 1239
NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! /udgm nt #& t! CFI #& >ani(a FACTS $ A"" ((ant ; #gra'ias Cariaga -as '#nvi't d #& t! 'rim #& t! &t and s nt n' d t# 1 m#nt! and 1 da* #& arr st# ma*#r and t# ind mni&* t! #&& nd d "art* in t! sum #& P1,50, $ Cariaga a(( g s t!at t! '#urt rr d in !aving &#und !im gui(t* #& t! 'rim )as d #& t! &a't t!at t! a"" a( d /udgm nt stat sC AK"#n arraignm nt, ! nt r d a "( a #& gui(t*,B %! a"" ((ant -it!#ut d n*ing t! &a't in its (&, '#nt nds t!at t! r '#rd d# s n#t s!#- -! n, -! r #r !#- ! -as arraign d, ISSUE 51N t! stat m nt in t! /udgm nt t!at t! a''us d !as ) n arraign d and "( ad d gui(t* is su&&i'i nt HELD 67S $ %! stat m nt is in '#m"(ian' -it! t! "r#visi#ns #& s 'ti#n 16T25 #& G n, 1rd r N#, 58, inasmu'! as it ma* ) "r sum d &r#m said stat m nt t!at t! (a- !as ) n #) * d )* 'ausing t! a''us d t# a"" ar ) &#r t! '#urt, and it is s!#-n t! r )* t!at ! !as r a((* ) n arraign d, !is "( a nt r d " rs#na((* ) ing t!at #& gui(t*, A(( t!is is n#t a m r '#n'(usi#n as a"" ((ant '#nt nds, ) 'aus t! '#urt is #& t! #"ini#n t!at g n ra((* a '#n'(usi#n is t! av rm nt #r d nia( #& a &a't d du' d &r#m s#m vid n' , #r t! av rm nt #r d nia( #& a "#int #& vi - #& (a- d riv d &r#m a (a- #r a "rin'i"( #& (a-, In t!is 'as , !#- v r, t! '#urt0s

PEOPLE v TIONGSON 130 SCRA 614 C1NC7PCI1N; +u(* 25, 1284

NATURE >andat#r* r vi - &#r im"#siti#n #& d at! " na(t* FACTS $ %i#ngs#n s'a" d &r#m t! >uni'i"a( +ai( #& Bu(a(a'a#, 1ri nta( >ind#r#, t#g t! r -it! d (a Cru8 and Santiag#, -! r t! * - r detained under the charge of Attempted %omicide , 5!i( in t! a't #& s'a"ing, %i#ngs#n .i(( d a m m) r #& t! "#(i' &#r' -!# -as guarding t! m and a PC C#nsta)( -!# - nt in "ursuit, $ B* r as#n t! r #&, %i#ngs#n -as t! n '!arg d -it! >urd r, in t-# s "arat in&#rmati#ns, a(( ging t!at t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns -as 3ua(i&i d )* t! 'ir'umstan' #& tr a'! r*, and aggravat d )* t! 'ir'umstan' s #& vid nt "r m ditati#n, in '#nt m"t #& #r -it! insu(t t# t! "u)(i' aut!#riti s, n#'turnit*, '#mmitt d in an unin!a)it d "(a' and -it! a)us #& su" ri#r str ngt!, $ K"#n arraignm nt, t! said a''us d, assist d )* '#uns ( de oficio, "( ad d gui(t* t# )#t! in&#rmati#ns, %! tria( '#urt did n#t r nd r /udgm nt #utrig!t, )ut #rd r d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its vid n' , a&t r -!i'!, it s nt n' d t! said a''us d t# su&& r t! d at! " na(t* in a'! 'as , and t# ind mni&* t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims, ISSUES

Criminal Procedure
1, 51N a "( a #& gui(t is a(-a*s )inding u"#n t! a''us d &#r a(( t! '#nt nts #& t! in&#rmati#n 2, 51N t! .i((ing -as 3ua(i&i d )* tr a'! r* 3, 51N t! r - r aggravating 'ir'umstan' s "r s nt HELD 1, N1, Ratio It ma* ) tru t!at a /udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n #& gui(t admits a(( t! mat ria( &a'ts a(( g d in t! in&#rmati#n, in'(uding t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' s (ist d t! r in, as stat d )* t! tria( /udg , * t -! r t! r !as ) n a ! aring and su'! 'ir'umstan' s ar dis"r#v n )* t! vid n' , t! * s!#u(d ) disa((#- d in t! /udgm nt, Reasoning %! n#rm t!at s!#u(d ) &#((#- d -! r a "( a #& gui(t* is nt r d )* t! d & ndant, s" 'ia((* in 'as s -! r t! 'a"ita( " na(t* ma* ) im"#s d, is t!at t! '#urt s!#u(d ) sur t!at d & ndant &u((* und rstands t! natur #& t! '!arg s "r & rr d against !im and t! '!ara't r #& t! "unis!m nt "r#vid d )* (a- ) &#r it is im"#s d, F#r t!is r as#n, t! C#urt r 3uir s t!at in v r* 'as und r a "( a #& gui(t*, -! r t! " na(t* ma* ) d at!, t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d 'a(( -itn ss s &#r t! "ur"#s #& sta)(is!ing t! gui(t and d gr #& 'u("a)i(it* #& t! d & ndant and n#t #n(* t# satis&* t! tria( /udg )ut t# aid t! Su"r m C#urt in d t rmining -! t! r a''us und rst##d and '#m"r ! nd d t! m aning, &u(( signi&i'an' and '#ns 3u n' s #& !is "( a, In t! instant 'as , t! trial judge re$uired the taking of testimon' as to the circumstances under which the crime was committed before passing judgment s# t!at t! r su(ting v rdi't 'ann#t in an* -a* ) )rand d as d &i'i nt, 2, N1, Reasoning %! 'ir'umstan' s 3ua(i&*ing #r aggravating t! a't #& .i((ing a !uman ) ing must ) "r#v d in an vid nt and in'#nt sta)( mann r, m r "r sum"ti#ns #r d du'ti#ns &r#m !*"#t! ti'a( &a'ts n#t ) ing su&&i'i nt t# '#nsid r t! m /usti&i d, $ A''#rding t# t! RPC, Rt! r is tr a'! r* -! n t! #&& nd r '#mmits an* #& t! 'rim s against t! " rs#n, m"(#*ing m ans, m t!#ds, #r &#rms in t! : 'uti#n t! r #& -!i'! t nd dir 't(* and s" 'ia((* t# insur its : 'uti#n, -it!#ut ris. t# !ims (& arising &r#m t! d & ns -!i'! t! #&& nd d "art* mig!t ma. ,R $ It d# s n#t a"" ar !#- and in -!at "#siti#n t! vi'tim -as -! n ! -as .i(( d s# t!at it 'ann#t ) said &#r ' rtain t!at t! a''us d !ad ad#"t d a m#d #r m ans #& atta'. t nding dir 't(* t# insur #r &a'i(itat t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns -it!#ut ris. t# !ims (& arising &r#m t! d & ns #r r ta(iati#n -!i'! t! vi'tim mig!t "ut u", $ Pat, Gar'ia #& t! Bu(a(a'a# "#(i' &#r' m r (* d '(ar d t!at ! -as in !is !#us , a)#ut 15 m t rs a-a* &r#m t! muni'i"a( )ui(ding -! n t! a''us d Rud* %i#ngs#n and !is '#m"ani#ns s'a" d &r#m "ris#n, and ! did n#t s t! a''us d s!##t Pat, G ( ra, Pat, G ( ra -as a(r ad* d ad -! n t! #t! r -itn ss sa- !im, $ %r a'! r* is a(s# n#t "r s nt in t! .i((ing #& PC C#nsta)( sin' t! d ' as d -as a'tua((* -arn d )* an#t! r PC n#t t# r main standing )ut s . '#v r ) 'aus #& t! .n#-n "r s n' #& t! a''us d in t! vi'init*, )ut t!at t! said d ' as d disr gard d t! -arning, ) Sin' tr a'! r*, -!i'! -#u(d 3ua(i&* t! .i((ing #& Pat, G ( ra and PC C#nsta)( Can (a t# >urd r, -as n#t "r s nt, the crimes ma' onl' be punished as %omicide, 3, N1,

a2010 page 1
Reasoning <a= 7vid nt "r m ditati#n must ) ru( d #ut in vi - #& t! a)s n' #& su&&i'i nt "r##& t!at a "(an t# .i(( t! vi'tims :ist d, t! : 'uti#n #& -!i'! -as "r ' d d )* d (i) rat t!#ug!t and r &( 'ti#n, <)= %!at t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d in '#nt m"t #& #r -it! insu(t t# t! "u)(i' aut!#riti s 'ann#t ) a""r 'iat d sin' t! * ar n#t " rs#ns in aut!#rit*, )ut m r (* ag nts #& a " rs#n in aut!#rit*, <'= In #rd r t!at '#mmissi#n #& a 'rim in an unin!a)it d "(a' ma* ) '#nsid r d, it is n ' ssar* t!at t! "(a' #& #''urr n' ) -! r t! r ar n# !#us s at a((, a '#nsid ra)( distan' &r#m t! vi((ag #r t#-n, #r -! r t! !#us s ar a gr at distan' a"art, <d= A)us #& su" ri#r str ngt! must a(s# ) ru( d #ut sin' t! r is n# dir 't vid n' t!at t! a''us d m"(#* d it, Dispositive P titi#n is a&&irm d -it! t! m#di&i'ati#n t!at t! a''us d Rud* %i#ngs#n s!#u(d ) s nt n' d t# su&& r im"ris#nm nt #& ig!t <8= * ars and #n <1= da* #& prision ma'or& as minimum, t# &#urt n <14= * ars and ig!t <8= m#nt!s #& reclusion temporal& as ma:imum, &#r a'! !#mi'id '#mmitt d )* !im, %! ind mnit* t# ) "aid t# t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims is ! r )* in'r as d t# P30,000,00 in a'! 'as ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

1, 67S $ Ru( 116 #& t! Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur "r#vid sC S%.# B# Pl%, $& 9u+l'y '$ .,)+',l $&&%0-%; *%.%)'+$0 $& %v+2%0.%# "(%0 '(% ,..u-%2 )l%,2- 9u+l'y '$ , .,)+',l $&&%0-%, '(% C$u*' -(,ll .$02u.' , -%,*.(+09 +0Du+*y +0'$ '(% v$lu0',*+0%-- ,02 &ull .$/)*%(%0-+$0 $& '(% .$0-%Du%0.%- $& (+- )l%, ,02 *%Du+*% '(% )*$-%.u'+$0 '$ )*$v% (+- 9u+l' ,02 '(% )*%.+-% 2%9*%% $& .ul),@+l+'y# T(% ,..u-%2 /,y ,l-$ )*%-%0' %v+2%0.% $0 (+- @%(,l&# $U02%* '(+- Rul%, '(*%% '(+09- ,*% %08$+0%2 u)$0 '(% '*+,l .$u*' ?(%0 , )l%, $& 9u+l'y '$ , .,)+',l $&&%0-% +- %0'%*%2= :4< '(% .$u*' /u-' .$02u.' , -%,*.(+09 +0Du+*y +0'$ '(% v$lu0',*+0%-- $& '(% )l%, ,02 '(% ,..u-%2M- &ull .$/)*%(%0-+$0 $& '(% .$0-%Du%0.%- '(%*%$&; :2< '(% .$u*' /u-' *%Du+*% '(% )*$-%.u'+$0 '$ )*%-%0' %v+2%0.% '$ )*$v% '(% 9u+l' $& '(% ,..u-%2 ,02 '(% )*%.+-% 2%9*%% $& (+- .ul),@+l+'y; ,02, :B< '(% .$u*' /u-' ,-J '(% ,..u-%2 +& (% 2%-+*%- '$ )*%-%0' %v+2%0.% $0 (+- @%(,l& ,02 ,ll$? (+/ '$ 2$ -$ +& (% 2%-+*%-# $As :"(ain d in P #"( v, A(i'and#, a s ar'!ing in3uir* must &#'us #nC <1= t! v#(untarin ss #& t! "( a, and <2= t! &u(( '#m"r ! nsi#n #& t! '#ns 3u n' s #& t! "( a, $In t! 'as at )ar, t! r '#rd d# s n#t s!#- -!at :a't(* trans"ir d at t! r $arraignm nt #& a''us d$a"" ((ant, &#r -!at r as#n ! '!ang d !is "( a &r#m Rn#t gui(t*R t# Rgui(t*,R and -! t! r ! &u((* und rst##d t! '#ns 3u n' s #& !is gui(t* "( a, $In its d 'isi#n, t! tria( '#urt d s'ri) d t! mann r in -!i'! t! a''us d "( ad d gui(t*, t!usC K"#n arraignm nt, a''us d, assist d )* Att*, >an#(# A, Br#t#n ( #& t! Pu)(i' Att#rn *Qs 1&&i' , "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d, 4#- v r, -! n t! s 'as s - r 'a(( d &#r "r $tria( and tria(, '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d mani& st d t!at t! a''us d, r a(i8ing t! &uti(it* #& nt ring int# tria( and '#nsid ring t!at ! a'tua((* '#mmitt d t! a'ts '#m"(ain d #&, intimat d !is int nti#n t# nt r a "( a #& gui(t* t# t! a)#v $m nti#n d '!arg s, %! a''us d -as t! n as. d )* t!is C#urt i& ! -as a-ar #& t! '#ns 3u n' s #& a "( a #& gui(t* t# a 'a"ita( #&& ns C t!at &#r t! ra" ! '#mmitt d #n >a* 19, 1222 against !is daug!t r, 1( )* Nad ra, -!# -as 2 * ars #(d at t! tim , ! -#u(d ) s nt n' d t# r '(usi#n " r" tua and &#r t! t!r #t! r '#unts #& ra" '#mmitt d #n A"ri( 19 and 24, 1225 D)#t! against 1( )* Nad raE and #n >ar'! 3, 1226 Dagainst >ari'ris Nad ra, 11 * ars #(d at t! tim E, ! -#u(d ) s nt n' d t# d at! )* ( t!a( in/ 'ti#n, A&t r !aving ) n in&#rm d #& t!is, ! insist d t!at ! is -i((ing t# nt r a "( a #& gui(t* t# t! 'rim s '!arg d and is r ad* t# &a' t! '#ns 3u n' s t! r #&, $T(% ?,*0+09- 9+v%0 @y '(% '*+,l .$u*' +0 '(+- .,-% &,ll -($*' $& '(% *%Du+*%/%0' '(,' +' /u-' /,J% , -%,*.(+09 +0Du+*y '$ 2%'%*/+0% ?(%'(%* ,..u-%2-,))%ll,0' u02%*-'$$2 &ully '(% +/)$*' $& (+- 9u+l'y )l%,# A- (,- @%%0 -,+2, , /%*% ?,*0+09 '(,' '(% ,..u-%2 &,.%- '(% -u)*%/% )%0,l'y $& 2%,'( +- +0-u&&+.+%0'# F$* /$*% $&'%0 '(,0 0$', ,0 ,..u-%2 )l%,2- 9u+l'y u)$0 @,2 ,2v+.% $* @%.,u-% (% ($)%- &$* , l%0+%0' '*%,'/%0' $* , l+9('%* )%0,l'y# T(% '*+,l 8u29% /u-' %*,-% -u.( /+-',J%0 +/)*%--+$0-# H% /u-' @% .$/)l%'%ly .$0v+0.%2 '(,' '(% 9u+l'y )l%, /,2% @y '(% ,..u-%2 ?,- 0$' /,2% u02%* 2u*%-- $* )*$/+-% $& *%?,*2# T(% 8u29% /u-' ,-J '(% ,..u-%2 '(% /,00%* '(% l,''%* ?,- ,**%-'%2 $* 2%',+0%2, ,02 ?(%'(%* (% ?,- ,--+-'%2 @y .$u0-%l 2u*+09 '(% .u-'$2+,l ,02 )*%l+/+0,*y +0v%-'+9,'+$0-# I0 ,22+'+$0, '(% 2%&%0-% .$u0-%l -($ul2 ,l-$ @% ,-J%2 ?(%'(%* (% .$0&%**%2 ?+'( '(% ,..u-%2 ,02 .$/)l%'%ly %C)l,+0%2 '$ (+/ '(%

PEOPLE v NADERA 324 SCRA 420 >7N;1LA; F )ruar* 2, 2000

NATURE Aut#mati' r vi - #& t! d 'isi#n #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& 1ri nta( >ind#r# FACTS $1n A"ri( 28, 1226, 1( )* and >ari'ris, assist d )* a n ig!)#r, ?ita >a'a(a(ad, t#(d t! ir m#t! r t!at t! * !ad ) n ra" d )* t! ir &at! r, ! r in a''us d$a"" ((ant, %! r u"#n, t! * - nt t# t! "#(i' aut!#riti s #& Nau/an and &i( d a '#m"(aint against a''us d$a"" ((ant $A&t r "r (iminar* :aminati#n, #n +un 6, 1226, &#ur in&#rmati#ns '!arging a''us d$a"" ((ant -it! ra" #n vari#us dat s - r &i( d in t! R gi#na( %ria($C#urt, Ca(a"an, 1ri nta( >ind#r#, $%! r '#rd s!#-s t!at at !is arraignm nt #n +u(* 23, 1226, a''us d$ a"" ((ant, assist d )* Att*, >an#(# A, Br#t#n ( #& t! Pu)(i' Att#rn *Qs 1&&i' , "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! '!arg s &i( d against !im, $4#- v r, #n August 5, 1229, a&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n !ad "r s nt d ;r, C*nt!ia S, F sa()#n, a''us d$a"" ((ant "( ad d gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d in a(( t! in&#rmati#ns, $1n August 12, 1229, t! "r#s 'uti#n &#rma((* #&& r d its d#'um ntar* vid n' and r st d its 'as t! r a&t r, $A''us d$a"" ((ant did n#t "r s nt an* vid n' in !is d & ns , $1n August 29, 1229, t! tria( '#urt r nd r d /udgm nt &inding a''us d$ a"" ((ant gui(t* #& &#ur '#unts #& ra" against !is daug!t rs, $Nad ra a"" a( d ISSUES 1, 51N t! tria( '#urt rr d -! n it a'' "t d !is "( a #& gui(t* t# a 'a"ita( #&& ns -it!#ut ma.ing a s ar'!ing in3uir* t# d t rmin -! t! r ! und rst##d t! '#ns 3u n' s #& !is "( a 2, 51N t! '#nvi'ti#n must ) s t asid HELD

Criminal Procedure
/%,0+09 ,02 '(% .$0-%Du%0.%- $& , )l%, $& 9u+l'# Fu*'(%*/$*%, -+0.% '(% ,9%, %2u.,'+$0,l ,'',+0/%0' ,02 -$.+$-%.$0$/+. -','u- $& '(% ,..u-%2 /,y *%v%,l +0-+9('- &$* , )*$)%* v%*2+.' +0 '(% .,-%, '(% '*+,l .$u*' /u-' ,-J Du%-'+$0- .$0.%*0+09 '(%/# $I0 '(+- .,-%, ,@-%0' ,0y -($?+09 '(,' '(%-% Du%-'+$0- ?%*% )u' '$ ,..u-%2-,))%ll,0', , -%,*.(+09 +0Du+*y .,00$' @% -,+2 '$ (,v% @%%0 u02%*',J%0 @y '(% '*+,l .$u*'# $In P #"( v, S vi((an#, t!is C#urt ! (d t!atC GIn v r* 'as -! r t! a''us d nt rs a "( a #& gui(t* t# a 'a"ita( #&& ns , s" 'ia((* -! r ! is an ign#rant " rs#n -it! a (itt( #r n# du'ati#n, t! "r#" r and "rud nt '#urs t# &#((#- is t# ta. su'! vid n' as ar avai(a)( and n ' ssar* in su""#rt #& t! mat ria( a(( gati#ns #& t! in&#rmati#n, in'(uding t! aggravating 'ir'umstan' s t! r in num rat d, n#t #n(* t# satis&* t! tria( /udg !ims (& )ut a(s# t# aid t! Su"r m C#urt in d t rmining -! t! r t! a''us d r a((* and tru(* und rst##d and '#m"r ! nd d t! m aning, &u(( signi&i'an' and '#ns 3u n' s #& !is "( a, $C( ar(*, t! "( a #& gui(t* #& a''us d$a"" ((ant in t!is 'as -as mad im"r#vid nt(*, 2, 6 s, $C#nvi'ti#ns )as d #n an im"r#vid nt "( a #& gui(t ar s t asid #n(* i& su'! "( a is t! s#( )asis #& /udgm nt, I& t! tria( '#urt r (i d #n su&&i'i nt and 'r di)( vid n' t# '#nvi't t! a''us d, t! '#nvi'ti#n must ) sustain d, ) 'aus t! n it is "r di'at d n#t m r (* #n t! gui(t* "( a #& t! a''us d )ut #n vid n' "r#ving !is '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, $%! "r#s 'uti#n vid n' '#nsist d #& t! t stim#ni s #& 1( )* and >ari'ris Nad ra, t! r su(ts #& t! ir m di'a( :aminati#ns, and t! t stim#ni s #& t! ir m#t! r, ;ais*, and t! "!*si'ian -!# '#ndu't d t! m di'a( :aminati#n #& t! t-# gir(s, ;r, C*nt!ia F sa()#n, C%*',+0 .+*.u/-',0.%- )*%-%0' +0 '(+- .,-%, ($?%v%*, )%*-u,2% u- '(,' , *%/,02 $& '(+- .,-% +- 0%.%--,*y# $First, a " rusa( #& t! d 'isi#n #& t! '#urt r v a(s t!at t! tria( /udg &ai( d t# stat t! &a'tua( and ( ga( r as#ns #n -!i'! ! )as d a''us d$ a"" ((antQs '#nvi'ti#n, 7:' "t &#r t! narrati#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#nQs vid n' and a )ar r 'ita( #& R,A, N#, 9652, am nding Art, 335 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , t! r is n#t!ing (s t# indi'at t! r as#n &#r t! d 'isi#n, %! r is n# va(uati#n #& t! vid n' and n# r as#n giv n -!* t! '#urt &#und t! t stim#ni s #& t! -itn ss s 'r di)( , $S '#nd, t! 'ava(i r attitud #& a''us d$a"" ((antQs '#uns (, Att*, >an#(# A, Br#t#n ( #& t! Pu)(i' Att#rn *Qs 1&&i' , 'ann#t g# unn#ti' d, It is dis' rni)( in <a= !is r &usa( t# 'r#ss :amin 1( )* Nad ra; <)= t! mann r in -!i'! ! '#ndu't d >ari'ris Nad raQs 'r#ss :aminati#n; and, <'= !is &ai(ur n#t #n(* t# "r s nt vid n' &#r t! a''us d )ut a(s# t# in&#rm t! a''us d #& !is rig!t t# d# s#, i& ! d sir s, Dispositive %! a"" a( d d 'isi#n is s t asid ,

a2010 page 2
R%!at &r#m +anuar* 29, 1245, and &#r s v ra( da*s t! r a&t r, in t! muni'i"a(it* #& Ca(a"an, Pr#vin' #& >ind#r#, C#mm#n- a(t! #& t! P!i(i""in s, and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, said d & ndants +uan Navarr# and Ana'( t# Ati n8a, A'ting Pr#vin'ia( G#v rn#r and Pr#vin'ia( 5ard n, r s" 'tiv (*, )#t! ) ing "u)(i' #&&i'ia(s t# -!#m t! 'ust#d* and r s"#nsi)i(it* #& "ris#n rs - r ntrust d &#r "r#" r a'ti#n, -it!#ut an* (a-&u( #r /usti&ia)( 'aus and -it!#ut ( ga( gr#unds t! r &#r, did t! n and t! r -i(&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* d tain 7st )an P, B (#n'i# in t! Pr#vin'ia( +ai( #& >ind#r# -!i'! '#ntinu d &#r m#r t!an &i&t n da*s )ut ( ss t!an si: m#nt!s,R $ A "r $tria( -as ! (d, t! +udg as.ing t! "arti s #r t! ir att#rn *s s#m 3u sti#ns, -!i'! t! (att r ans- r d, -it! t! r su(t t!at admissi#ns - r mad t# t! && 't t!at 7st )an P, B (#n'i# and +uan G, B (#n'i# II !ad ) n d tain d &#r s v ra( da*s a&t r +anuar* 29, 1245, in t! "r#vin'ia( /ai( #& >ind#r# )* #rd r #& t! C#mmanding G n ra(, 5 st rn @isa*an %as. F#r' , Knit d Stat s Arm*, 5! r u"#n, d & ndantsQ '#uns ( (#st n# tim in &i(ing a motion to -uash , u"#n t! 9*$u02 t!at t! &a'ts '!arg d did n#t '#nstitut a 'rimina( #&& ns , $ %! /udg dismiss d t! 'as s, ISSUE 51N t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! #n t! gr#und t!at At! &a'ts '!arg d d# n#t '#nstitut and #&& ns B must ) r stri't d t# t! &a'ts '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#ns HELD N1 $ %! s 'ti#n #& t! ru( " rmitting a m#ti#n t# 3uas! #n t! gr#und t!at Rt! &a'ts '!arg d d# n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns R #mits r & r n' t# t! &a'ts d tai( d Rin t! in&#rmati#n,R 1t! r s 'ti#ns #& t! sam ru( -#u(d im"(* t!at t! issu is r stri't d t# t!#s a(( g d in t! in&#rmati#n, $ Prima facie, t! R&a'ts '!arg dR ar t!#s d s'ri) d in t! '#m"(aint, )ut t! * ma* ) am"(i&i d #r 3ua(i&i d )* #t! rs a"" aring t# ) additi#na( 'ir'umstan' s, u"#n admissi#ns mad )* t! " #"( Qs r "r s ntativ , -!i'! admissi#ns '#u(d an*-a* ) su)mitt d )* !im as am ndm nts t# t! sam in&#rmati#n, $ It -#u(d s m t# ) "ur t '!ni'a(it* t# !#(d t!at in t! '#nsid rati#n #& t! m#ti#n, t! "arti s and t! /udg - r "r '(ud d &r#m '#nsid ring &a'ts -!i'! t! &is'a( admitt d t# ) tru , sim"(* ) 'aus t! * - r n#t d s'ri) d in t! '#m"(aint, 1& '#urs , it ma* ) add d t!at u"#n simi(ar m#ti#ns t! '#urt and t! &is'a( ar n#t r 3uir d t# g# ) *#nd t! av rm nts #& t! in&#rmati#n, n#r is t! (att r t# ) inv ig( d int# a "r matur and ris.* r v (ati#n #& !is vid n' , $ But t! C#urt s s n# r as#n t# "r#!i)it t! &is'a( &r#m ma.ing, in a(( 'and#r, admissi#ns #& und nia)( &a'ts, ) 'aus t! "rin'i"( 'an n v r ) su&&i'i nt(* r it rat d t!at su'! #&&i'ia(Qs r#( is t# s t!at /usti' is d#n ; n#t t!at a(( a''us d ar '#nvi't d, )ut t!at t! gui(t* ar /ust(* "unis! d, ? ss r as#n 'an t! r ) t# "r#!i)it t! '#urt &r#m '#nsid ring t!#s admissi#ns, and d 'iding a''#rding(*, in t! int r st #& a s" d* administrati#n #& /usti' , $ %! B (#n'i#s - r t!us d "riv d #& t! ir (i) rt* )* #rd r #& t! mi(itar* aut!#riti s, a & - da*s a&t r t! (i) rati#ns #& >ind#r#, +udi'ia( n#ti' ma* ) ta. n #& t! &a't, t!at u"#n mi(itar* #''u"ati#n and ) &#r t! sta)(is!m nt #& t! n#rma( "r#' ss s #& 'ivi( g#v rnm nt t! (i) rti s

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

and rig!ts #& 'iti8 ns ar (i. (* t# su&& r t m"#rar* r stri'ti#ns, -!at -it! t! :ig n'i s #& mi(itar* strat g*, #r t! '#n&usi#n usua((* r su(ting &r#m t! situati#n, 5!i( t! in&ring m nt #& '#nstituti#na( "r ' "ts and "rivi( g s is n#t t# ) t#( rat d, -ar n ' ssiti s and '#ns 3u n' s 'ann#t ) #v r(##. d, At an* rat , n# r as#ns ar s!#-n -!* t! irr gu(arit*, i& an*, '#mmitt d )* #t! rs, s!#u(d ) visit d u"#n d & ndants$a"" (( s, %! a'ts im"ut d t# t! m, d# n#t, #& t! ms (v s, '#nstitut a "unis!a)( #&& ns , Dispositive A"" a( d d 'isi#n a&&irm d,

PEOPLE v ALAGAO 16 SCRA 892 LA?;I@AR; A"ri( 30, 1266

NATURE %!is is an a"" a( )* t! Cit* Fis'a( #& >ani(a &r#m an #rd r #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a sustaining t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n FACTS -Cit* Fis'a( #& >ani(a &i( d an in&#rmati#n against t! d & ndants$ a"" (( s '!arging t! m #& t! '#m"( : 'rim #& in'riminat#r* ma'!inati#ns t!ru un(a-&u( arr st, as &#((#-sC R%!at #n #r a)#ut t! 28t! da* #& F )ruar*, 1261, in t! Cit* #& >ani(a, P!i(i""in s, t! said a''us d, ) ing t! n m m) rs #& t! >ani(a P#(i' ; "artm nt, '#ns"iring and '#n& d rating t#g t! r and ! ("ing #n an#t! r, did t! n and t! r -i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* in'riminat #r im"ut t# #n >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim )* )ri) r* t!ru un(a-&u( arr st, in t! &#((#-ing mann r, t# -itC t! said a''us d, #n t! a&#r said dat , -it!#ut r as#na)( gr#und t! r &#r and &#r t! "ur"#s #& d (iv ring said >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s t# t! "r#" r aut!#riti s, did t! n and t! r -i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* arr st said >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s; t!at a&t r t! said >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s !ad ) n arr st d in t! mann r a&#r stat d, and -!i( t! (att r -as su""#s d(* ) ing inv stigat d )* t! said a''us d, t! said a''us d did t! n and t! r "(a' #n '#mming( a mar. d P1,00 )i(( t#g t! r -it! t! m#n * ta. n &r#m said >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s, su""#s d(* giv n t# t! (att r )* #n 7m rita Ca(u"as d Ar sa, s# t!at ! <>ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s=, t! n an m"(#* #& t! ?#'a( Civi( R gistrarQs 1&&i' #& >ani(a, -#u(d a"" ar t# !av agr d t# " r&#rm an a't n#t '#nstituting a 'rim , in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! " r&#rman' #& !is <>ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s= duti s, -!i'! -as t# :" dit t! issuan' #& a )irt! ' rti&i'at , t! r )* dir 't(* in'riminating #r im"uting t# said >ar'ia( A"#(#ni# * Sant#s t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim #& )ri) r*,R -d & ndants &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! sa*ing t!at <1= t! &a'ts '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n d# n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns <) 'aus t! t-# 'rim s 'ann#t ) '#m"( : d=; and <2= t! '#urt tr*ing t! 'as !as n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! #&& ns '!arg d $CFI grant d m#ti#n t# dismiss agr ing -it! d & ndants $>FR -as d ni d $a"" a( )* &is'a( ) &#r SC ISSUE 51N t! CFI rr d in granting m#ti#n t# 3uas!

PEOPLE v NA>ARRO 95 P!i( 516 B7NGL1N; ; ' m) r 4, 1245

FACTS $ In&#rmati#n &#r ar)itrar* d t nti#nC

Criminal Procedure
HELD 67S - It is v r* a""ar nt t!at )* t! us #& t! "!ras Rt!ru un(a-&u( arr stR in t! in&#rmati#n an id a is '#nv * d t!at t! un(a-&u( arr st -as r s#rt d t# as a n ' ssar* m ans t# "(ant vid n' in t! " rs#n #& t! #&& nd d "art*, t! r )* in'riminating !im, Fr#m a r ading #& t! in&# t! SC &inds a '(#s '#nn 'ti#n ) t- n t! a't #& t! a''us d in &irst un(a-&u((* arr sting t! #&& nd d "art* and t! n inv stigating !im; and it -as during t!at inv stigati#n t!at t! * "(at d in'riminat#r* vid n' against !im, SC agr s -it! t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( in !is '#nt nti#n t!at t! a''us d &irst !ad t# r s#rt t# un(a-&u( arr st in #rd r t# ) a)( t# "(ant t! P1,00 )i(( am#ng t! m#n * ta. n &r#m t! #&& nd d "art*, A(s# t! '#urt a 3u# !as /urisdi'ti#n t# tr* t! a''us d #& t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n, %! 'rim #& un(a-&u( arr st is "unis!a)( -it! arr st# ma*#r #r im"ris#nm nt #& &r#m #n m#nt! and #n da* t# si: m#nt!s, and a &in n#t :' ding P500,00; 5 and t! 'rim #& in'riminat#r* ma'!inati#ns is "unis!a)( -it! arr st# ma*#r, #r im"ris#nm nt #& &r#m #n m#nt! and #n da* t# si: m#nt!s, Dispositive %! #rd r a"" a( d &r#m is r v rs d and s t asid

a2010 page 3
HELD N1 I& a d & ndant d# s n#t m#v t# 3uas! t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n ) &#r "( ading, d & ndant is d m d t# !av -aiv d a(( #)/ 'ti#ns -!i'! ar gr#unds &#r a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, :' "t -! r t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n d# s n#t '!arg an #&& ns , #r t! '#urt is -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n #& t! sam , 4 r , " titi#n r &i( d a >#ti#n t# A'3uit #n(* a&t r t! t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d its vid n' and r st d its 'as , Sin' t! :' "ti#ns a)#v $stat d, ar n#t a""(i'a)( , " titi#n r is d m d t# !av -aiv d #)/ 'ti#ns -!i'! ar gr#unds &#r a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, B sid s, t! gr#unds r (i d u"#n )* " titi#n r in !is >#ti#n t# A'3uit ar n#t am#ng t! gr#unds "r#vid d in S ', 2, Ru( 119 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt &#r 3uas!ing a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, C#ns 3u nt(*, t! (#- r '#urt did n#t rr in d n*ing " titi#n rQs >#ti#n t# A'3uit, Dispositive Petition dismissed.

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$t!at said 71s m r (* aut!#ri8 d !#(d rs #r "#ss ss#rs #& un(i' ns d &ir arms and ammuniti#n t# surr nd r t! sam -it!in a s" 'i&i d &i(ing " ri#d -it!#ut in'urring 'rimina( (ia)i(it*; $t!at i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#n is sti(( " na(i8 d und r P; N#, 1866 -!i'! -as n#t r " a( d )* said 71 N1, 109 and 222, ISSUES 1, 51N +, Asun'i#n rr d in !#(ding t!at t! "#ss ssi#n #& (##s &ir arms and :"(#siv s is n#t i(( ga( per se during t! " ri#d '#v r d )* 71 N#s, 109 and 222 2, 51N it -as n#t n ' ssar* &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n t# a(( g in t! in&#rmati#n t!at t! &ir arms and ammuniti#n, su)/ 't matt r #& t!is 'as , - r )r#ug!t #ut #& t! r sid n' #& t! a''us d #r - r us d )* !im in t! '#mmissi#n #r an#t! r #&& ns , sin' t! s 'ir'umstan' s ar n#t ss ntia( ingr di nts #& t! 'rim #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#n 3, 51N und r t! a(( gati#n in t! in&#rmati#n, "r#s 'uti#n ma* "r#v t!at t! a''us d arn d t! &ir arms and ammuniti#n #utsid #& !is r sid n' HELD 1, 71 N1, 109, as am nd d )* 71 N#, 222, is simi(ar t# RA N#s, 4 and 482, SC did N1% giv it a di&& r nt m aning ) 'aus t! r is n# )asis &#r su'! a di&& r n' , 2, N1, I% IS N7C7SSAR6 %1 A??7G7 I% IN %47 INF1, 3, N1, %! in&#rmati#n, in this particular charge against Abadilla, is &ata((* d & 'tiv , It -#u(d ) &ata((* d & 'tiv against an* #t! r a''us d '!arg d -it! t! sam #&& ns , +, Asun'ti#n, in dismissing t! in&#rmati#n, '#mmitt d 0$ *%v%*-+@l% %**$* $* 9*,v% ,@u-% $& 2+-.*%'+$0# Ratio <'iting People vs. Austria= t! "r s ntati#n #& vid n' R'ann#t !av t! && 't #& va(idating a v#id in&#rmati#n, #r "r#ving an #&& ns -!i'! d# s n#t ( ga((* :ist, ,,, %! in&#rmati#n -as n#t m r (* d & 'tiv )ut it d# s n#t '!arg an* #&& ns at a((, % '!ni'a((* s" a.ing, t!at in&#rmati#n d# s n#t :ist in '#nt m"(ati#n #& (a-,R $A)adi((a is r gard d -it! unusua( as and &a'i(it* as t! R!it manR #& t! >ar'#s r gim , But t! C#urt 'ann#t ) s-a* d )* a"" ((ati#ns &#r it !as a dut*, as a t m"( #& /usti' , t# a''#rd t# v r* man -!# '#m s ) &#r it in a""r#"riat "r#' dings t! rig!t t# du "r#' ss and t! 3ua( "r#t 'ti#n #& t! (a-s, Reasoning 1, It ma* ) tru t!at t! r is n#t!ing in EO Nos. 107 and 222 that expressly legalizes the nli!ensed possession o" "irear#s and a## nition$ % t this &o rt$ applying stat tes si#ilar to the exe! ti'e orders in ( estion$ and )hi!h also pro'ided "or a period )ithin )hi!h a holder or possessor o" nli!ensed "irear#s and a## nition #ay s rrender the sa#e to the proper a thorities )itho t in! rring !ri#inal lia%ility$ had r led that a !ri#inal lia%ility )as te#porarily *+,-E. "or #ere possession/ o" nli!ensed "irear#s and a## nition d ring the period !o'ered$ altho gh s !h person is not exe#pt "ro# !ri#inal lia%ility "iling )ithin the period pro'ided$ he !arries the "irear# and a## nition 0 nless it is "or the p rpose o" s rrendering the sa#e1 or he !o##its any other o""ense )ith the se o" s !h nli!ensed "irear# and a## nition.

PEOPLE v ASUNCION 161 SCRA 420 PA;I??A; >a* 24, 1288

NATURE C rti#rari FACTSC $R#(and# A)adi((a, a &#rm r '#(#n ( #& t! Arm d F#r' s #& t! P!i(i""in s, -as '!arg d ) &#r t! OC R%C -it! t! #&& ns #& @i#(ati#n #& P; N#, 1866 DI??7GA? P1SS7SSI1N 1F FIR7AR>S AN; A>>KNI%I1N= $$%! In&#rmati#n r ad t!at ! A-i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* !ad in !is "#ss ssi#n and und r !is 'ust#d* and '#ntr#(B ri&( s, "ist#ns, ammuniti#ns and maga8in s <s #rig 'as &#r t! (ist= A-it!#ut &irst s 'uring t! n ' ssar* (i' ns andM#r " rmit &r#m t! (a-&u( aut!#rit*,B $K"#n m#ti#n #& t! a''us d, A-u0.+$0 dismiss d t! In&#rmati#n #n t! gr#und t!at it did n#t a(( g su&&i'i nt &a'ts t# '#nstitut an #&& ns , sin' t! "#ss ssi#n #& (##s &ir arms and :"(#siv s is 0$' +ll%9,l per se& in vi - #& 7: 'utiv 1rd r N#, 109 -!i'! giv s !#(d rs #r "#ss ss#rs #& un(i' ns d &ir arms and ammuniti#n a " ri#d #& -+C /$0'(- &r#m its && 'tivit*, :t nd d t# 31 ; ' m) r 1289 )* 71 N#, 222, ?+'(+0 ?(+.( '$ -u**%02%* '(% -,/% '$ '(% )*$)%* ,u'($*+'+%-, ?+'($u' +0.u**+09 ,0y .*+/+0,l l+,@+l+'y '(%*%&$*, %C.%)' +& '(% u0l+.%0-%2 &+*%,*/ $* ,//u0+'+$0 +- .,**+%2 $u'-+2% $& $0%M- *%-+2%0.%, 0$' &$* '(% )u*)$-% $& -u**%02%*+09 '(% -,/%, $* u-%2 +0 '(% .$//+--+$0 $& ,0y $'(%* $&&%0-%, ,02 '(%*% +- 0$ ,ll%9,'+$0 +0 -,+2 +0&$*/,'+$0 '(,' '(% &+*%,*/- ,02 ,//u0+'+$0 %0u/%*,'%2 '(%*%+0 ?%*% .,**+%2 $u'-+2% '(% ,..u-%2M- *%-+2%0.% $* u-%2 +0 '(% .$//+--+$0 $& -$/% $'(%* .*+/%# - In su""#rt t! r #&, t! r s"#nd nt /udg 'it d t! d 'isi#n in People vs. >ope", 92 P!i( 658, $%! "r#s 'uti#n &i( d a >R #& said R s#(uti#n, )ut t! m#ti#n -as d ni d $4 n' , t! "r s nt r '#urs )* t! "r#s 'uti#n, Petitioners Claims $n#t!ing is '#ntain d in said 71s -!i'! ( ga(i8 s t! "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#n -it!#ut a " rmit;

LOPEZ v CITY JUDGE Dsu"ra, "ag 41E GAMBOA v CRUZ 162 SCRA 642 PA;I??A; +un 29, 1288
NATURE P iti#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n t# r vi - t! #rd r #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a, Br, 22 FACTS P titi#n r a(( g s t!at ! -as arr st d &#r vagran'* -it!#ut a -arrant #& arr st, %! r a&t r, ! -as )r#ug!t t# Pr 'in't 2, >ani(a -! r ! -as )##. d &#r vagran'* and t! n d tain d t! r in t#g t! r -it! s v ra( #t! rs, %! n :t da*, &iv d tain s, in'(uding " titi#n r, '#m"(ainant B rna( "#int d t# " titi#n r and said, At!at #n is a '#m"ani#n,B A&t r t! id nti&i'ati#n, t! #t! r d tain s - r )r#ug!t )a'. t# t! ir ' (( )ut " titi#n r -as #rd r d t# sta* #n, 5!i( t! '#m"(ainant -as ) ing int rr#gat d )* t! "#(i' inv stigat#r, " titi#n r -as t#(d t# sit d#-n in &r#nt #& ! r, Su)s3u nt(*, an in&#rmati#n &#r r#)) r* -as &i( d against " titi#n r, 4 -as arraign d and t! r a&t r ! arings - r ! (d, %! "r#s 'uti#n &#rma((* #&& r d its vid n' and t! n r st d its 'as , P titi#n r, )* '#uns (, inst ad #& "r s nting !is d & ns , mani& st d in #" n '#urt t!at ! -as &i(ing a >#ti#n t# A'3uit #r ; murr r t# 7vid n' , P titi#n r &i( d said m#ti#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! '#ndu't #& t! (in $u" -it!#ut n#ti' t#, and in t! a)s n' #&, !is '#uns ( vi#(at d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!ts t# '#uns ( and t# du "r#' ss, %! r s"#nd nt '#urt issu d an #rd r d n*ing t! >#ti#n t# A'3uit, 4 n' , t! instant " titi#n, ISSUE 51N t! r s"#nd nt /udg a't d in :' ss #& /urisdi'ti#n and -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in issuing t! assai( d #rd r

Criminal Procedure
)People vs. >ope" Y It -i(( ) s n t!at s ' 2 <#& RA N1 4= :'(ud d &r#m t! #" rati#n #& s ' 1 u" t# August 31, 1246, "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#n s# (#ng as t! * - r n#t us d &#r an* "ur"#s #t! r t!an s (&$d & ns #r 'arri d &#r an* "ur"#s #t! r t!an #& surr nd ring t! m t# t! "r#" r aut!#riti s, %! G#v rnm nt d# s n#t dis"ut t!is int r"r tati#n, A(t!#ug! t! (a- d# s n#t 'at g#ri'a((* stat t!at 'rimina( (ia)i(it* -as t m"#rari(* (i&t d &#r m r "#ss ssi#n #& &i(ing &ir g ms and ammuniti#n, t!at is t! #n(* '#nstru'ti#n '#m"ati)( -it! t! s"irit and "ur"#s s #& t! na'tm nt as r v a( d )* its '#nt :t, $People vs. 1elicianoY SC ru( d t!at RA N#, 482 ( ga(i8 d m r un(i' ns d "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms and ammuniti#n &#r t! (imit d " ri#d s" 'i&i d in said (a-, and "unis! d #n(* <1= t! us #& un(i' ns d &ir arm #r ammuniti#n, #r <2= t! 'arr*ing #& su'! &ir arm #r ammuniti#n #n t! " rs#n, :' "t t# surr nd r t! m, %! C#urt saidC $F (i'ian# ru(ing -as r it rat d in People vs. Tabunares RA N#, 482, in && 't ( ga(i8 d m r un(i' ns d #n -it!in #n * ar &r#m said dat , and "unis! d #n(* <1= t! us #& a #r ammuniti#n #r <2= t! 'arriag t! r #& #n t! " rs#n :' "t &#r "ur"#s #& surr nd r, A"" ((antQs '#nvi'ti#n 'ann#t stand, sin' it is r st d s#( (* #n un(i' ns d "#ss ssi#n #n #r a)#ut N#v m) r 6, 1250, 2, People vs. >ope" Y t! C#urt a(r ad* ru( d t!at, und r RA N#, 4, t! us #r t! 'arr*ing #& &ir arms andM#r ammuniti#n -as an ingr di nt, i& n#t t! s#( ingr di nt, #& t! #&& ns ; i, , t! v r* a'ts -!i'! - r "unis! d, su)/ 't t# ' rtain '#nditi#ns, and ! n' , s!#u(d ) a(( g d and "r#v d, )People vs. AustriaY t! C#urt a(s# ru( d t!at in #rd r t!at an in&#rmati#n '!arging i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arm and ammuniti#n, und r RA N#, 482, ma* ) d m d su&&id nt, it must a(( g t!at t! a''us d -as using t! un(i' ns d &ir arm #r 'arr*ing it in !is " rs#n at t! tim ! -as a""r ! nd d )* t! aut!#riti s -it! said &ir arm, Dispositive P titi#n is ;7NI7;,

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$ ?a*#sa &i( d instant " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, 4 "ra* d t!at sus" nsi#n ) s t asid , 4 '#nt nd d t!at t! '#urt did n#t a'3uir /urisdi'ti#n #v r !is " rs#n ) 'aus n# -arrant #& arr st !ad as * t ) n issu d -! n ! aring #n !is sus" nsi#n -as ! (d and t! 'as -as n#t ra&&( d t# r s"#nd nt +udg , t!at t! C!i & Stat Pr#s 'ut#r in a t ( gram t# t! &is'a( dir 't d t!at t! r '#rd #& t! 'as ) ( vat d &#r r vi -, and t!at r s"#nd nt +udg grav (* a)us d !is dis'r ti#n, $ B 'aus ?a*#sa d &i d sus" nsi#n, (#- r '#urt ad/udg d !im in '#nt m"t #& '#urt and " na(i8 d !im )* im"ris#nm nt &#r 3 m#s and &in #& P500, ?a*#sa a"" a( d t# CA, $ R s"#nd nt +udg :"(ain d t!at, t# av#id d (a*, ! a't d #n m#ti#n &#r sus" nsi#n ) 'aus 'as -as &i( d a&t r ra&&(ing ) t- n 2 )ran'! s #& '#urt !ad ) n t rminat d, 4 -as s'! du( d t# !#(d s ssi#ns and t! #t! r +udg -as t# ) gin #n $m#nt! va'ati#n, +udg "#int d #ut t!at !is a'ti#n -as san'ti#n d )* Administrativ 1rd r N#, 6 #& SC -!i'! m"#- rs 7: 'utiv +udg t# a't #n int r(#'ut#r* matt rs "ri#r t# ra&&(ing, Cas -as v ntua((* ra&&( d t# sa(a #& r s"#nd nt +udg , ?a*#sa "#st d )ai( )#nd, 4 -as arraign d and r "(a' d as '#(( 't#r #& 'ust#ms, 1&&i' #& Stat Pr#s 'ut#rs sustain d &i(ing #& in&#rmati#n against ?a*#sa, $ ?a*#sa did n#t su)mit m m#randum, R s"#nd nt &is'a( a(( g d t!at " titi#n r !ad a)and#n d '#nt nti#n as t# (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n, Fis'a( str ss d t!at 'as !ad ) n s'! du( d &#r tria( at instan' #& " titi#n r and t!at (att r mani& st d !is -i((ingn ss t# "r#' d, ISSUE 51N tria( '#urt a't d -it! grav sus" nsi#n a)us #& dis'r ti#n in #rd ring

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

FACTS $ 1't#) r 19, 1291C %! in'id nt #''urr d, $ 1't#) r 18, 1291C An in&#rmati#n &#r s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' -as &i( d against Fran'is'# Ga"a* * >a((ar s, driv r #& t! tru'., 1n t! sam da*, t! vi'tim ;i#(it# d (a Cru8 di d, $ 1't#) r 20, 1292C Ga"a* -as arraign d #n t! '!arg #& s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' , 4 "( ad d gui(t*, -as s nt n' d t# 1 m#nt! and 1 da* #& arr st# ma*#r, and '#mm n' d s rving s nt n' , $ 1't#) r 24, 1292C An in&#rmati#n &#r !#mi'id t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' -as &i( d against Ga"a* $ N#v m) r 19, 1292C t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a, u"#n m#ti#n #& "rivat r s"#nd nt, issu d an #rd r dismissing t! !#mi'id t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' 'as #n t! gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard*, ISSUES 51N a " rs#n -!# !as ) n "r#s 'ut d &#r s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' and '#nvi't d t! r #& ma* ) "r#s 'ut d su)s 3u nt(* &#r !#mi'id t!ru r '.( ss im"rud n' i& t! #&& nd d "art* di s as a r su(t #& t! sam in/uri s ! !ad su&& r d HELD N1 Ratio 1n -!# !as ) n '!arg d -it! an #&& ns 'ann#t ) '!arg d again -it! t! sam #r id nti'a( #&& ns t!#ug! t! (att r ) ( ss r #r gr at r t!an t! &#rm r, 4#- v r, -! r a&t r t! &irst "r#s 'uti#n a n &a't su" rv n s &#r -!i'! t! d & ndant is r s"#nsi)( , -!i'! '!ang s t! '!ara't r #& t! #&& ns and, t#g t! r -it! t! &a'ts :isting at t! tim , '#nstitut s a n - and distin't #&& ns , t! a''us d 'ann#t ) said t# ) in s '#nd / #"ard* i& indi't d &#r t! n - #&& ns , Reasoning $ R s"#nd nt '#urt ! (d t!at a)#v ru( d# s n#t a""(* in t!is 'as , It )as d its d 'isi#n #n t! ru(ing in P #"( v Buan, -!i'! ! (d t!at Arti'( 365 #& t! P na( C#d "unis! s t! n g(ig nt stat #& mind and n#t t! r su(ting in/ur*, %! tria( '#urt '#n'(ud d t!at #n' "r#s 'ut d &#r and '#nvi't d #& n g(ig n' , t! a''us d 'ann#t again ) "r#s 'ut d &#r t! sam n g(ig n' a(t!#ug! &#r a di&& r nt r su(ting in/ur*, $ In !is m m#randum, t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( mad m nti#n #& t! &a't t!at #n 1't#) r 21, 1292, t! Cit* Fis'a( &i( d an Krg nt >#ti#n as.ing t!at t! R! aring and arraignm nt #& t!is 'as ) ! (d in a) *an' &#r t! r is in&#rmati#n t!at t! vi'tim, ;i#(it# d (a Cru8 di d, and t! in&#rmati#n -#u(d !av t# ) am nd d,R $ B t!at as it ma*, t! &a't r mains t!at t! vi'tim ;i#(it# d (a Cru8 di d #n 1't#) r 18 R#n <1= da* a&t r t! a''id nt and t! arr st #& t! r s"#nd nt Ga"a*R and t!at #n 1't#) r 20, 1292, t! a''us d -as arraign d, "( ad d gui(t* and s nt n' d a''#rding(*, %!us, / #"ard* !ad atta'! d and n# n - &a't su" rv n d a&t r t! arraignm nt and '#nvi'ti#n #& t! a''us d, Dispositive 1rd r #& dismissa( #& (#- r '#urt a&&irm d,

LOPEZ v CITY JUDGE Dsu"ra, "ag 41E LAYOSA v RODRIGUEZ 86 SCRA 300 AOKIN1; N#v m) r 10, 1298
NATURE C rti#rari &r#m #rd r #& CA FACTS $ %!is is a)#ut sus" nsi#n #& ?a*#sa, '#(( 't#r #& 'ust#ms, -!# -as '!arg d )* 'it* &is'a( in CFI -M !aving vi#(at d AntiGra&t and C#rru"t Pra'ti' s ?a- <R "u)(i' A't N#, 3012=, In&#rmati#n -as )as d #n '#m"(aint &i( d )* assistant dir 't#r #& ;istri't Anti$Smugg(ing A'ti#n C nt r, It -as #n #& 5 'as s &i( d against ?a*#sa, asid &r#m ma(v rsati#n 'as , $ Gravam n is t!at ! d mand d and r ' iv d &r#m >M@ ?ad* Ang (ita I 2 t# 3 'as s #& ) r T s#&t drin.s as '#nsid rati#n &#r giving "r & r ntia( ) rt!ing &a'i(iti s, $ Fis'a(, "ursuant t# s ' 13 #& RA N#, 3012, &i( d m#ti#n &#r ?a*#saQs sus" nsi#n, R s"#nd nt +udg grant d m#ti#n, 4 &#und t!at a va(id in&#rmati#n !ad ) n &i( d against ?a*#sa,

HELD N1 $ ?#- r '#urt a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n u"#n &i(ing #& in&#rmati#n, P titi#n r -as n#ti&i d #& "r $sus" nsi#n ! aring, 4is '#uns ( "arti'i"at d, R 3uir m nts #& du "r#' ss - r #)s rv d, Pu)(i' int r st d mands a s" d* d t rminati#n #& t!at 3u sti#n, $ It is tru t!at " titi#n r -as n#t * t arr st d #r ta. n int# 'ust#d* -! n "r $sus" nsi#n ! aring -as ! (d, 4#- v r, v#(untar* a"" aran' t!r#ug! '#uns ( -as su)missi#n t# (#- r '#urtQs /urisdi'ti#n, <N#t t!at in 'ivi( 'as s, d & ndantQs v#(untar* a"" aran' is 3uiva( nt t# s rvi' #& summ#ns,= $ R5! r a '#urt !as /urisdi'ti#n #& t! #&& ns #r su)/ 't matt r, t! #)/ 'ti#n t!at it !as n# /urisdi'ti#n #& t! " rs#n #& t! a''us d ma* ) -aiv d, 1n -!# d sir s t# #)/ 't t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urt #v r !is " rs#n must a"" ar in '#urt &#r t!at "ur"#s #n(*, and i& ! rais s #t! r 3u sti#ns, ! -aiv s t! #)/ 'ti#n,R ?a*#sa -aiv d t! #)/ 'ti#n )as d #n (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n #v r !is " rs#n -! n, as a(r ad* n#t d, ! a"" ar d at t! "r $sus" nsi#n ! aring and !is '#uns ( 'r#ss$ :amin d t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss,

PEOPLE v CITY COURT OF MANILA 121 SCRA 639 R7?1@A; A"ri( 29, 1283
NATURE P titi#n t# r vi - t! #rd r #& t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a, Bran'! JI

SEPARATE OPINION GUTIERREZ G.$0.u**+09H

Criminal Procedure
$ Sn#-ing t! v#(um #& t! 'as (#ad in t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a and t! in vita)(* s(#- "a' #& -#r., it is m#st sur"rising t!at t! a''us d '#u(d !av ) n arraign d &#r t! '!arg #& s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s #n(* 3 da*s a&t r t! in'id nt, 2 da*s a&t r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n and t! d at! #& t! vi'tim, %! a''us d d# s n#t a"" ar t# !av ) n a d t nti#n "ris#n r n ' ssitating !is imm diat arraignm nt rig!t a&t r t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n, %! #n(* s nsi)( '#n'(usi#n is t!at t! a''us d -as !asti(* mad t# "( ad gui(t* t# s ri#us "!*si'a( in/uri s t# &#r '(#s a '!arg &#r !#mi'id v n ) &#r it '#u(d ) &i( d, In su'! a 'as , t! r -#u(d ) a tri&(ing -it! t! "r#' ss s #& /usti' and a '#((usiv &&#rt am#unting t# &raud #r d ' it t# d "riv t! Stat #& its aut!#rit* t# "r#s 'ut an a''us d &#r t! '#rr 't #&& ns , $ 4#- v r, r '#rds ar inad 3uat t# s!#- t!at t! arraignm nt, -!i( !ast* and surr#und d )* s ming(* sus"i'i#us 'ir'umstan' s, -as taint d )* &raud, '#((usi#n, #r #t! r &#rm #& '!i'an r* su&&i'i nt t# sustain a &inding t!at t! Stat -as d ni d du "r#' ss $ At an* rat , I '#n'ur in t! a&&irman' #& t! #rd r #& dismissa( in (in -it! t! man* "r#t 'ti#ns t!at t! C#nstituti#n and t! (a-s giv t# t! a''us d in 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns,

a2010 page 5
and (imit as "(#tt rs Rt! 6 " rs#ns -!# - r #n t! s rvi' stairs -!i( S nat#r A3uin# -as d s' ndingR and RG n ra( ?ut! r Cust#di# ) 'aus t! 'rimina( "(#t '#u(d n#t !av ) n "(ann d and im"( m nt d -it!#ut !is int rv nti#n,R $ As t! a''us d - r tri d in t! Sandigan)a*an, >ar'#s t!r#ug! a(( !is r '#rd d "u)(i' a'ts and stat m nts &r#m t! ) ginning disdain d and r / 't d !is #-n B#ardQs &indings and insist d #n t! mi(itar* v rsi#n #& Ga(man ) ing Nin#*Qs assassin, DN#t C 4is "rivat a'ts in tr*ing t# '#ntr#( t! #ut'#m #& t! 'as - r t# ) .n#-n mu'! (at r a&t r ! -as a(r ad* d "#s d,E $ Saturnina Ga(man and R *na(d# Ga(man, m#t! r and s#n, r s" 'tiv (*, #& t! (at R#(and# Ga(man, and 22 #t! r " titi#n rs, '#m"#s d #& t!r &#rm r +usti' s #& t!is C#urt, &iv in'um) nt and &#rm r univ rsit* "r sid nts, a &#rm r AFP C!i & #& Sta&&, #utstanding m m) rs #& t! P!i(i""in Bar and s#(id 'iti8 ns #& t! '#mmunit*, &i( d t! "r s nt a'ti#n a(( ging t!at r s"#nd nts %an#d)a*an and Sandigan)a*an '#mmitt d s ri#us irr gu(ariti s '#nstituting mistria( and r su(ting in mis'arriag #& /usti' and gr#ss vi#(ati#n #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!ts #& t! " titi#n rs and t! s#v r ign " #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s t# du "r#' ss #& (a-, %! * ass rt d t!at t! %an#d)a*an did n#t r "r s nt t! int r st #& t! " #"( -! n ! &ai( d t# : rt g nuin and arn st &&#rts t# "r s nt vita( and im"#rtant t stim#nia( and d#'um ntar* vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n and t!at t! Sandigan)a*an +usti' s - r )ias d, "r /udi' d and "artia( in &av#r #& t! a''us d, and t!at t! ir a'ts R'(#ud d -it! t! grav st d#u)ts t! sin' rit* #& g#v rnm nt t# &ind #ut t! trut! a)#ut t! A3uin# assassinati#n,R P titi#n rs "ra* d &#r t! imm diat issuan' #& a t m"#rar* r straining #rd r r straining t! r s"#nd nt Sandigan)a*an &r#m r nd ring a d 'isi#n #n t! m rits in t! " nding 'rimina( 'as s -!i'! it !ad s'! du( d #n N#v m) r 20, 1285 and t!at /udgm nt ) r nd r d d '(aring a mistria( and nu((i&*ing t! "r#' dings ) &#r t! Sandigan)a*an and #rd ring a r $tria( ) &#r an im"artia( tri)una( )* an un)ias d "r#s 'ut#r, $ %! Su"r m C#urt r s#(v d )* nin $t#$t-# v#t s t# issu t! r straining #rd r "ra* d &#r, But t n da*s (at r #n N#v m) r 28, 1285, t! C#urt )* t! sam nin $t#$t-#$v#t rati# in r v rs , r s#(v d t# dismiss t! " titi#n and t# (i&t t! t m"#rar* r straining #rd r issu d t n da*s ar(i r n/#ining t! Sandigan)a*an &r#m r nd ring its d 'isi#n, D4mmmG ts.E $ P titi#n rs &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, a(( ging t!at t! dismissa( did n#t indi'at t! ( ga( gr#und &#r su'! a'ti#n and urging t!at t! 'as ) s t &#r a &u(( ! aring #n t! m rits ) 'aus i& t! '!arg #& "artia(it* and )ias against t! r s"#nd nts and su""r ssi#n #& vita( vid n' )* t! "r#s 'uti#n ar "r#v n, t! " titi#n rs -#u(d ) ntit( d t# t! r (i & d mand dC %! P #"( ar ntit( d t# du "r#' ss -!i'! r 3uir s an im"artia( tri)una( and an un)ias d "r#s 'ut#r, I& t! Stat is d "riv d #& a &air #""#rtunit* t# "r#s 'ut and '#nvi't ) 'aus ' rtain mat ria( vid n' is su""r ss d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! tri)una( is n#t im"artia(, t! n t! ntir "r#' dings -#u(d ) nu(( and v#id, P titi#n rs "ra* d t!at t! Sandigan)a*an ) r strain d &r#m "r#mu(gating t! ir d 'isi#n as s'! du( d an - #n ; ' m) r 2, 1285, $ 1n ; ' m) r 5, 1285, t! C#urt r 3uir d t! r s"#nd nts t# '#mm nt #n t! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n )ut issu d n# r straining #rd r, %!us, #n ; ' m) r 2, 1285, as s'! du( d, r s"#nd nt Sandigan)a*an issu d its d 'isi#n a'3uitting a(( t! a''us d #& t! 'rim '!arg d, d '(aring t! m

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

inn#' nt and t#ta((* a)s#(ving t! m #& an* 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, DN#t C t! -#rd us d )* t! Sandigan)a*an -as Ainn#' ntB inst ad #& An#t gui(t*BIE $ R s"#nd nts su)mitt d t!at -it! t! Sandigan)a*anQs v rdi't #& a'3uitta(, t! instant 'as !ad ) '#m m##t and a'ad mi', 1n F )ruar* 4, 1286, t! sam C#urt ma/#rit* d ni d " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n &#r (a'. #& m rit, DN#t t!at 7;SA I !a"" n d ) &#r t! m#nt! nd d,E $ 1n >ar'! 20, 1286, " titi#n rs &i( d t! ir m#ti#n t# admit t! ir -%.$02 /$'+$0 &$* *%.$0-+2%*,'+$0, %! t!rust #& t! s '#nd m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -as t! start(ing and t! r &#r un.n#-n r v (ati#ns #& ; "ut* %an#d)a*an >anu ( 4 rr ra as r "#rt d in t! >ar'! 6, 1286 issu #& t! >ani(a %im s ntit( d RA3uin# %ria( a S!am,R t!at t! t! n Pr sid nt !ad #rd r d t! r s"#nd nts Sandigan)a*an and %an#d)a*an B rnard# F rnand 8 and t! "r#s 'uti#n "an ( ! ad d )* 4 rr ra t# -!it -as! t! 'rimina( 'as s against t! 26 r s"#nd nts a''us d and "r#du' a v rdi't #& a'3uitta(, $ %an#d)a*an F rnand 8 '(aim d ! n v r su''um) d t# an* a(( g d att m"ts t# in&(u n' !is a'tuati#ns in t! "r mis s, !aving inst ad su'' ss&u((* r sist d " r' iv d att m"ts t# : rt "r ssur t# dr#" t! 'as a&t r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n and a'tua((* #rd r d t! &i(ing and "r#s 'uti#n #& t! t-# murd r 'as s against "rivat $"art* r s"#nd nts, R s"#nd nts +usti' s #& t! Sandigan)a*an First ;ivisi#n in t! ir '#(( 'tiv '#mm nt #& A"ri( 2, 1286 stat d t!at t! tria( #& t! 'rimina( 'as s )* t! m -as va(id and r gu(ar and d 'id d #n t! )asis #& vid n' "r s nt d and t! (a- a""(i'a)( , )ut mani& st d t!at Ri& it is tru t!at t! &#rm r %an#d)a*an and t! ; "ut* %an#d)a*an, C!i & #& t! Pr#s 'uti#n Pan (, - r "r ssur d int# su""r ssing vita( vid n' -!i'! -#u(d "r#)a)(* a(t r t! r su(t #& t! tria(, Ans- ring R s"#nd nts -#u(d n#t int r"#s an* #)/ 'ti#n t# t! r #" ning #& t!#s 'as s, i& #n(* t# a((#- /usti' t# ta. its '#urs ,R $ R s"#nd nts$a''us d #""#s d t! s '#nd m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n and "ra* d &#r its d nia(, %! a''us d$r s"#nd nts rais d t! issu #& d#u)( / #"ard*, and inv#. d t!at t! issu s !ad ) '#m m##t and a'ad mi' ) 'aus #& t! r nditi#n #& t! Sandigan)a*anQs /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( #& a(( r s"#nd nts$a''us d #n ; ' m) r 2, 1285, -it! '#uns (s &#r r s"#nd nts @ r and %igas, as - (( as 1(ivas, &urt! r arguing t!at assuming t!at t! /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( is v#id &#r an* r as#n, t! r m d* is a dir 't a'ti#n t# annu( t! /udgm nt -! r t! )urd n #& "r##& &a((s u"#n t! "(ainti&& t# sta)(is! )* '( ar, '#m" t nt and '#nvin'ing vid n' t! 'aus #& t! nu((it*, $ %! Su"r m C#urt a""#int d a t!r $m m) r '#mmissi#n '#m"#s d #& r tir d SC +usti' C#nrad# @as3u 8, '!airman, and r tir d IAC +usti' s >i(agr#s G rman and 7duard# Cagui#a as m m) rs, t# ! ar and r ' iv vid n' , t stim#nia( and d#'um ntar*, #& t! '!arg s #& '#((usi#n and "r ssur s and r ( vant matt rs, u"#n "ri#r n#ti' t# a(( "arti s, and t# su)mit t! ir &indings t# t!is C#urt &#r "r#" r dis"#siti#n, %! C#mmissi#n su)mitt d t! &#((#-ing r '#mm ndati#nC AC#nsid ring t! :ist n' #& ad 3uat 'r di)( vid n' s!#-ing t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n in t! A3uin#$Ga(man 'as and t! +usti' s -!# tri d and d 'id d t! sam a't d und r t! '#m"u(si#n #& s#m "r ssur -!i'! "r#v d t# ) ) *#nd t! ir 'a"a'it* t# r sist, and -!i'! n#t #n(* "r v nt d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# &u((* v nti(at its "#siti#n and t# #&& r a(( t! vid n' s -!i'! it '#u(d !av #t! r-is "r s nt d, )ut a(s# "r d t rmin d t! &ina( #ut'#m #& t! 'as , t! C#mmissi#n is #& t! '#nsid r d t!in.ing and ) (i &, su)/ 't t# t! ) tt r #"ini#n and /udgm nt #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt,

GALMAN v SANDIGANBAYAN 144 SCRA 43 %774ANS77; S "t m) r 12, 1286

FACTS $ Nin#* A3uin# -as '#(d$)(##d d(* .i(( d -!i( und r s'#rt &r#m !is "(an t!at !ad /ust (and d at t! >ani(a Int rnati#na( Air"#rt #n August 21, 1283, 4is )rain -as smas! d )* a )u(( t &ir d "#int$)(an. int# t! )a'. #& !is ! ad )* a murd r#us assassin, n#t-it!standing t!at t! air"#rt -as ring d )* airtig!t s 'urit* #& '(#s t# 2,000 s#(di rs and R&r#m a mi(itar* vi -"#int, it -as t '!ni'a((* im"#ssi)( t# g t insid su'! a '#rd#n,R %! mi(itar* inv stigat#rs r "#rt d -it!in a s"an #& t!r !#urs t!at t! man -!# s!#t A3uin# <-!#s id ntit* -as t! n su""#s d t# ) un.n#-n and -as r v a( d #n(* da*s (at r as R#(and# Ga(man, a(t!#ug! ! -as t! " rs#na( &ri nd #& a''us d C#(, Artur# Cust#di# -!# "i'. d !im u" &r#m !is !#us #n August 19, 1283= -as a '#mmunist$!ir d gunman, and t!at t! mi(itar* s'#rts gunn d !im d#-n in turn, $ >ar'#s -as '#nstrain d t# 'r at a Fa't Finding B#ard t# inv stigat , B#t! ma/#rit* and min#rit* r "#rts - r #n in r / 'ting t! mi(itar* v rsi#n as "r#"#und d )* t! '!i & inv stigat#r, r s"#nd nt G n, 1(ivas, t!at R#(and# Ga(man -as t! NPA$!ir d assassin, stating t!at Rt! vid n' s!#-s Dt# t! '#ntrar*E t!at R#(and# Ga(man !ad n# su)v rsiv a&&i(iati#ns,R %! * - r in agr m nt t!at R#n(* t! s#(di rs in t! stair'as -it! S n, A3uin# '#u(d !av s!#t !im;R t!at Ga(man, t! mi(itar*Qs R&a(( gu*R -as Rn#t t! assassin #& S n, A3uin#R and t!at Rt! S5A% tr##" rs -!# gunn d d#-n Ga(man and t! s#(di rs -!# s'#rt d S n, A3uin# d#-n t! s rvi' stairs, d (i) rat (* and in '#ns"ira'* -it! #n an#t! r, gav a " r/ur d st#r* t# us r garding t! a(( g d s!##ting )* Ga(man #& S n, A3uin# and t! m#-ing d#-n, in turn, #& Ga(man !ims (&;R in s!#rt, t!at Nin#*Qs assassinati#n -as t! "r#du't #& a mi(itar* '#ns"ira'*, n#t a '#mmunist "(#t, %! #n(* di&& r n' ) t- n t! t-# r "#rts is t!at t! ma/#rit* r "#rt &#und a(( t! 26 "rivat r s"#nd nts ! ad d )* t! n AFP C!i & G n ra( Fa)ian @ r inv#(v d in t! mi(itar* '#ns"ira'* -!i( t! '!airmanQs min#rit* r "#rt -#u(d :'(ud 12 #& t! m

Criminal Procedure
t!at t! "r#' dings in t! said 'as !av ) n vitiat d )* (a'. #& du "r#' ss, and ! r )* r s" 't&u((* r '#mm nds t!at t! "ra* r in t! " titi#n &#r a d '(arati#n #& a mistria( in Sandigan)a*an Cas s N#s, 10010 and 10011 ntit( d QP #"( vs, ?ut! r Cust#di#, t a(,,Q @% 9*,0'%2,R ISSUES 1, 51N t! " titi#n &#r a d '(arati#n #& a mistria( in Sandigan)a*an Cas s N#s, 10010 and 10011 ntit( d QP #"( vs, ?ut! r Cust#di#, t a(,,Q ) grant d 2, 51N a r tria( -#u(d '#nstitut d#u)( / #"ard* HELD 1, 67S Reasoning ) %! Su"r m C#urt 'ann#t " rmit su'! a s!am tria( and v rdi't and trav st* #& /usti' t# stand unr 'ti&i d, %! '#urts #& t! (and und r its a gis ar '#urts #& (a- and /usti' and 3uit*, %! * -#u(d !av n# r as#n t# :ist i& t! * - r a((#- d t# ) us d as m r t##(s #& in/usti' , d ' "ti#n and du"(i'it* t# su)v rt and su""r ss t! trut!, inst ad #& r "#sit#ri s #& /udi'ia( "#- r -!#s /udg s ar s-#rn and '#mmitt d t# r nd r im"artia( /usti' t# a(( a(i. -!# s . t! n&#r' m nt #r "r#t 'ti#n #& a rig!t #r t! "r v nti#n #r r dr ss #& a -r#ng, -it!#ut & ar #r &av#r and r m#v d &r#m t! "r ssur s #& "#(iti's and "r /udi' , >#r s#, in t! 'as at )ar -! r t! " #"( and t! -#r(d ar ntit( d t# .n#- t! trut! and t! int grit* #& #ur /udi'ia( s*st m is at sta. , In (i& , as an a''us d ) &#r t! mi(itar* tri)una( Nin#* !ad "( ad d in vain t!at as a 'ivi(ian ! -as ntit( d t# du "r#' ss #& (a- and tria( in t! r gu(ar 'ivi( '#urts ) &#r an im"artia( '#urt -it! an un)ias d "r#s 'ut#r, In d at!, Nin#* is t! vi'tim #& t! Rtr a'! r#us and vi'i#us assassinati#nR and t! r (ativ s and s#v r ign " #"( as t! aggri v d "arti s "( ad #n' m#r &#r du "r#' ss #& (a- and a r tria( ) &#r an im"artia( '#urt -it! an un)ias d "r#s 'ut#r, %! C#urt is '#nstrain d t# d '(ar t! s!am tria( a m#'. tria( $ t! n#n$tria( #& t! ' ntur* $ and t!at t! "r d t rmin d /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( -as un(a-&u( and v#id a) initi#, 2, N1 Ratio ;#u)( / #"ard* 'ann#t ) inv#. d against t!is C#urtQs s tting asid #& t! tria( '#urtsQ /udgm nt #& dismissa( #r a'3uitta( -! r t! "r#s 'uti#n -!i'! r "r s nts t! s#v r ign " #"( in 'rimina( 'as s is d ni d du "r#' ss, 5! r t! "r#s 'uti#n is d "riv d #& a &air #""#rtunit* t# "r#s 'ut and "r#v its 'as , its rig!t t# du "r#' ss is t! r )* vi#(at d, %! 'ardina( "r ' "t is t!at -! r t! r is a vi#(ati#n #& )asi' '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, '#urts ar #ust d #& t! ir /urisdi'ti#n, %!us, t! vi#(ati#n #& t! Stat Qs rig!t t# du "r#' ss rais s a s ri#us /urisdi'ti#na( issu -!i'! 'ann#t ) g(#ss d #v r #r disr gard d at -i((, 5! r t! d nia( #& t! &undam nta( rig!t #& du "r#' ss is a""ar nt, a d 'isi#n r nd r d in disr gard #& t!at rig!t is v#id &#r (a'. #& /urisdi'ti#n, Reasoning $ ? ga( / #"ard* atta'! s #n(* <a= u"#n a va(id indi'tm nt, <)= ) &#r a '#m" t nt '#urt, <'= a&t r arraignm nt, <d= a va(id "( a !aving ) n nt r d; and < = t! 'as -as dismiss d #r #t! r-is t rminat d -it!#ut t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, %! (#- r '#urt -as n#t '#m" t nt as it -as #ust d #& its /urisdi'ti#n -! n it vi#(at d t! rig!t #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# du "r#' ss, In && 't, t! &irst / #"ard* -as n v r t rminat d, and t! r mand #& t! 'rimina( 'as &#r &urt! r ! aring andM#r

a2010 page 6
tria( ) &#r t! (#- r '#urts am#unts m r (* t# a '#ntinuati#n #& t! &irst / #"ard*, and d# s n#t :"#s t! a''us d t# a s '#nd / #"ard*, $ >#r s# d# s t! ru( against t! inv#.ing #& d#u)( / #"ard* !#(d in t! 'as s at )ar -! r as - !av ! (d, t! s!am tria( -as )ut a m#'. tria( -! r t! aut!#ritarian "r sid nt #rd r d r s"#nd nts Sandigan)a*an and %an#d)a*an t# rig t! tria( and '(#s (* m#nit#r d t! ntir "r#' dings t# assur t! "r d t rmin d &ina( #ut'#m #& a'3uitta( and t#ta( a)s#(uti#n as inn#' nt #& a(( t! r s"#nd nts$a''us d, N#t-it!standing t! (auda)( &&#rts #& +usti' 4 rr ra -!i'! sa- !im n ar t! nd Rd a'tivatingR !ims (& &r#m t! 'as , as it -as !is ) (i & t!at its v ntua( r s#(uti#n -as a(r ad* a &#r g#n '#n'(usi#n, t! * '#u(d n#t '#" -it! t! misus and a)us #& t! #v r-! (ming "#- rs #& t! aut!#ritarian Pr sid nt t# - a. n t! 'as #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, t# su""r ss its vid n' , !arass, intimidat and t!r at n its -itn ss s, s 'ur t! ir r 'antati#n #r "r v nt t! m &r#m t sti&*ing, Fu((* a-ar #& t! "r#s 'uti#nQs di&&i'u(ti s in (#'ating -itn ss s and #v r'#ming t! ir natura( & ar and r (u'tan' t# a"" ar and t sti&*, r s"#nd nt Sandigan)a*an maintain d a Rdi88*ing t m"#R #& t! "r#' dings and ann#un' d its int nti#n t# t rminat t! "r#' dings in a)#ut 6 m#nt!s tim #r ( ss t!an a * ar, "ursuant t# t! s'ri"t d s' nari#, %! "r#s 'uti#n '#m"(ain d #& Rt! Pr siding +usti' Qs s ming(* !#sti( attitud t#-ards <it=R and t! ir ) ing t! su)/ 't #& -arnings, r "rimand and '#nt m"t "r#' dings as '#m"ar d t# t! ni( situati#n &#r t! d & ns , 4 rr ra (i. -is '#m"(ain d #& ) ing R'a/#( d int# "r#du'ing -itn ss s and "r ss d #n ma.ing assuran' s t!at i& giv n a ' rtain " ri#d, t! * -i(( ) a)( t# "r#du' t! ir -itn ss s,R 4 rr ra "( ad d &#r Ra r as#na)( " ri#d #& "r "arati#n #& its vid n' R and 'it d #t! r " nding 'as s ) &#r r s"#nd nt '#urt t!at - r " nding tria( &#r a mu'! (#ng r tim -! r t! Rdi88*ing t m"#R and R&ast "a' R - r n#t maintain d )* t! '#urt, >ani& st(*, t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! s#v r ign " #"( - r d ni d du "r#' ss #& (a- -it! a "artia( '#urt and )ias d %an#d)a*an und r t! '#nstant and " rvasiv m#nit#ring and "r ssur : rt d )* t! aut!#ritarian Pr sid nt t# assur t! 'arr*ing #ut #& !is instru'ti#ns, A di'tat d, '# r' d and s'ri"t d v rdi't #& a'3uitta( su'! as t!at in t! 'as at )ar is a v#id /udgm nt, In ( ga( '#nt m"(ati#n, it is n# /udgm nt at a((, It n it! r )inds n#r )ars an*#n , Su'! a /udgm nt is Ra (a-( ss t!ing -!i'! 'an ) tr at d as an #ut(a-R, It is a t rri)( and uns" a.a)( a&&r#nt t# t! s#'i t* and t! " #"( , %# "ara"!ras Brand isC I& t! aut!#ritarian ! ad #& t! g#v rnm nt ) '#m s t! (a-)r a. r, ! )r ds '#nt m"t &#r t! (a-, ! invit s v r* man t# ) '#m a (a- unt# !ims (&, ! invit s anar'!*, Dispositive P titi#n rsQ s '#nd m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n is grant d, %! r s#(uti#ns #& N#v m) r 28, 1285 dismissing t! " titi#n and #& F )ruar* 4, 1286 d n*ing " titi#n rsQ m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n ar ! r )* s t asid and in (i u t! r #&, /udgm nt is ! r )* r nd r d nu((i&*ing t! "r#' dings in r s"#nd nt Sandigan)a*an and its /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 10010 and 10011 ntit( d RP #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s vs, G n, ?ut! r Cust#di#, t a(,R and #rd ring a r $tria( #& t! said 'as s -!i'! s!#u(d ) '#ndu't d -it! d (i) rat dis"at'! and -it! 'ar &u( r gard &#r t! r 3uir m nts #& du "r#' ss, s# t!at t! trut! ma* ) &ina((* .n#-n and /usti' d#n t# a((,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

F7?ICIAN1; >ar'! 6, 1289
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and mandamus, t! P #"( s . t# s t asid t! #rd rs #& t! r s"#nd nt +udg #& t! CFI #& Batangas in a 'rimina( 'as , 3uas!ing an in&#rmati#n &#r t! &t &i( d against "rivat r s"#nd nt >anu ( 1"u( n'ia #n t! gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard* and d n*ing t! " titi#n rQs m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, FACTS $ C*RCJ(!TA@C#! 1n 1 F )ruar* 1295, m m) rs #& t! Batangas Cit* P#(i' t#g t! r -it! " rs#nn ( #& t! Batangas 7( 'tri' ?ig!t S*st m, 3ui"" d -it! a s ar'! -arrant issu d )* a 'it* /udg #& Batangas Cit*, s ar'! d and :amin d t! "r mis s #& t! 1"u( n'ia Car" na I' P(ant and C#(d St#rag #-n d and #" rat d )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nt >anu ( 1"u( n'ia, %! "#(i' dis'#v r d t!at ( 'tri' -iring, d vi' s and '#ntra"ti#ns !ad ) n insta(( d, -it!#ut t! n ' ssar* aut!#rit* &r#m t! 'it* g#v rnm nt, and Rar'!it 'tura((* '#n' a( d insid t! -a((s #& t! )ui(dingR #-n d )* t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, %! s ( 'tri' d vi' s and '#ntra"ti#ns - r , in t! a(( gati#n #& t! " titi#n r Rd sign d "ur"#s (* t# (#- r #r d 'r as t! r adings #& ( 'tri' 'urr nt '#nsum"ti#n in t! ( 'tri' m t r #& t! said ( 'tri' Di' and '#(d st#rag E "(ant,R ;uring t! su)s 3u nt inv stigati#n, >anu ( 1"u( n'ia admitt d in a -ritt n stat m nt t!at ! !ad 'aus d t! insta((ati#n #& t! ( 'tri'a( d vi' s Rin #rd r t# (#- r #r d 'r as t! r adings #& !is ( 'tri' m t r, $ CA!# 1n 24 N#v m) r 1295, an in&#rmati#n against >anu ( 1"u( n'ia &#r vi#(ati#n #& 1rdinan' N#, 1, S ri s #& 1294, Batangas Cit*, >anu ( 1"u( n'ia "( ad d n#t gui(t*, 1n 2 F )ruar* 1296, ! &i( d a /$'+$0 '$ 2+-/+-- t! in&#rmati#n u"#n t! 9*$u02- t!at t! 'rim t! r '!arg d !ad a(r ad* "r s'ri) d and t!at t! 'ivi( ind mnit* t! r s#ug!t t# ) r '#v r d -as ) *#nd t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Batangas Cit* C#urt t# a-ard, Batangas Cit* C#urt grant d t! m#ti#n t# dismiss #n t! gr#und #& "r s'ri"ti#n, it a"" aring t!at t! #&& ns '!arg d -as a (ig!t & (#n* -!i'! "r s'ri) s t-# m#nt!s &r#m t! tim #& dis'#v r* t! r #&, and it a"" aring &urt! r t!at t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d )* t! &is'a( m#r t!an nin m#nt!s a&t r dis'#v r* #& t! #&& ns '!arg d in F )ruar* 1295, $ F#urt n <14= da*s (at r, an#t! r in&#rmati#n against >anu ( 1"u( n'ia, t!is tim &#r '(%&' $& %l%.'*+. )$?%* und r Arti'( 308 in r (ati#n t# Arti'( 302, "aragra"! <1=, #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , B &#r ! '#u(d ) arraign d t! r #n, >anu ( 1"u( n'ia &i( d a M$'+$0 '$ 6u,-(, ,ll%9+09 '(,' (% (,2 @%%0 )*%v+$u-ly ,.Du+''%2 $& '(% $&&%0-% .(,*9%2 +0 '(% -%.$02 +0&$*/,'+$0 ,02 '(,' '(% &+l+09 '(%*%$& ?,- v+$l,'+v% $& (+.$0-'+'u'+$0,l *+9(' ,9,+0-' 2$u@l% 8%$),*2y, $R s"#nd nt +udg grant d t! a''us dQs >#ti#n t# Ouas! and #rd r d t! 'as dismiss d, An >1R -as d ni d, $ 1n 1 ; ' m) r 1296, t! "r s nt P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and mandamus -as &i( d in t!is C#urt )* t! A'ting Cit* Fis'a( #& Batangas Cit* #n ) !a(& #& t! P #"( , ISSUE 51N t! d & ns #& d#u)( / #"ard* a""(i s in t!is 'as , <6 s= HELD R5TIO; @(%*% $0% $&&%0-% +- .(,*9%2 u02%* , /u0+.+),l $*2+0,0.% ?(+l% '(% $'(%* +- )%0,l+7%2 @y , -','u'%, '(% .*+'+.,l +0Du+*y +- '$ '(% identity o the acts -!i'! t! a''us d is said t# !av '#mmitt d and -!i'! ar a(( g d t# !av giv n ris t# t! t-# #&& ns sC t! '#nstituti#na( "r#t 'ti#n against d#u)( / #"ard* is avai(a)( s# (#ng as t! a'ts -!i'! '#nstitut #r !av giv n ris t# t! &irst #&& ns und r a muni'i"a(

PEOPLE ># RELO>A 148 SCRA 222

Criminal Procedure
#rdinan' ar t! sam a'ts -!i'! '#nstitut #r !av giv n ris t# t! #&& ns '!arg d und r a statut , R45SONINA; C#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n #n d#u)( / #"ard* r adsC N# " rs#n s!a(( ) t-i' "ut in / #"ard* #& "unis!m nt for the same offense, I& an a't is "unis! d )* a (a- and an #rdinan' , '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta( und r it! r s!a(( '#nstitut a )ar t# an#t! r "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! sam a't, <A*'+.l% I> :22<, 495B C$0-'+'u'+$0 = %!is 'as must ) :amin d, n#t und r t! t rms #& t! &irst s nt n' #& Arti'( I@ <22= #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n, )ut rat! r under the second sentence of the same section. %! &irst s nt n' #& Arti'( I@ <22= s ts &#rt! t! 9%0%*,l *ul%= t! '#nstituti#na( "r#t 'ti#n against d#u)( / #"ard* is not avai(a)( -! r t! s '#nd "r#s 'uti#n is &#r an #&& ns t!at is di&& r nt &r#m t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! &irst #r "ri#r "r#s 'uti#n, a(t!#ug! )#t! t! &irst and s '#nd #&& ns s ma* ) )as d u"#n t! sam a't #r s t #& a'ts, %! s '#nd s nt n' #& Arti'( I@ <22= m)#di s an %C.%)'+$0 '$ '(% 9%0%*,l )*$)$-+'+$0= t! '#nstituti#na( "r#t 'ti#n, against d#u)( / #"ard* is avai(a)( a(t!#ug! t! "ri#r #&& ns '!arg d und r an #rdinan' ) di&& r nt &r#m t! #&& ns '!arg d su)s 3u nt(* und r a nati#na( statut su'! as t! R vis d P na( C#d , provided t!at )#t! #&& ns s s"ring &r#m t! sam a't #r s t #& a'ts, Put a (itt( di&& r nt(*, ?(%*% '(% $&&%0-%- .(,*9%2 ,*% )%0,l+7%2 %+'(%* @y 2+&&%*%0' -%.'+$0- $& '(% -,/% -','u'% $* @y 2+&&%*%0' -','u'%-, '(% +/)$*',0' +0Du+*y *%l,'%- '$ '(% identity o o enses charged the constitutional protection against double jeopard' is available onl' where an *dentit' is shown to e+ist between the earlier and the subse$uent offenses charged, In '#ntrast, ?(%*% $0% $&&%0-% +- .(,*9%2 u02%* , /u0+.+),l $*2+0,0.% ?(+l% '(% $'(%* +- )%0,l+7%2 @y , -','u'%, '(% .*+'+.,l +0Du+*y +- '$ '(% identity o the acts -!i'! t! a''us d is said t# !av '#mmitt d and -!i'! ar a(( g d t# !av giv n ris t# t! t-# #&& ns sC t! '#nstituti#na( "r#t 'ti#n against d#u)( / #"ard* is avai(a)( s# (#ng as t! a'ts -!i'! '#nstitut #r !av giv n ris t# t! &irst #&& ns und r a muni'i"a( #rdinan' ar t! sam a'ts -!i'! '#nstitut #r !av giv n ris t# t! #&& ns '!arg d und r a statut , %! 3u sti#n #& Id ntit* #r (a'. #& Id ntit* #& #&& ns s is addr ss d )* :amining t! ss ntia( ( m nts #& a'! #& t! t-# #&& ns s '!arg d, as su'! ( m nts ar s t #ut in t! r s" 'tiv ( gis(ativ d &initi#ns #& t! #&& ns s inv#(v d, %! 3u sti#n #& Id ntit* #& t! a'ts -!i'! ar '(aim d t# !av g n rat d (ia)i(it* )#t! und r a muni'i"a( #rdinan' and a nati#na( statut must ) addr ss d, in t! &irst instan' , )* :amining t! (#'ati#n #& su'! a'ts in tim and s"a' , 5! n t! a'ts #& t! a''us d as s t #ut in t! t-# in&#rmati#ns ar s# r (at d t# a'! #t! r in tim and s"a' as t# ) r as#na)(* r gard d as !aving ta. n "(a' #n t! sam #''asi#n and -! r t!#s a'ts !av ) n m#v d )* #n and t! sam , #r a '#ntinuing, int nt #r v#(untar* d sign #r n g(ig n' , su'! a'ts ma* ) a""r#"riat (* '!ara't ri8 d as an int gra( -!#( 'a"a)( #& giving ris t# " na( (ia)i(it* simu(tan #us(* und r di&& r nt ( ga( na'tm nts <a muni'i"a( #rdinan' and a nati#na( statut =, DISPOSITION P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and mandamus is ;7NI7;, ? t t! 'ivi( a'ti#n &#r r (at d 'ivi( (ia)i(it* ) r mand d t# t! CFI #& Batangas Cit* &#r &urt! r "r#' dings,

a2010 page
Dsu"ra, "ag 43E CANIZA v PEOPLE :AGLORO< 152 SCRA 16 F7?ICIAN1; >ar'! 18, 1288
NATURE P titi#n &#r Pr#!i)iti#n and ' rti#rari dir 't d at 1= t! CFI 1rd r #& N#v, 29, 1292 issu d )* Bran'! 23 #& CFI #& >ani(a in Crimina( Cas 46968 and 2= said '#urt0s 1rd r #& >ar'! 20, 1280 in t! sam 'as d n*ing Cani8a0s >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n FACTS $ >ar'! 20, 1294C Assistant Cit* Fis'a( #& >ani(a &i( d an In&#rmati#n &#r &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i' d#'um nts a(( g d(* '#mmitt d #n N#v, 5, 1268 )* Cani8a, $ >a* 24, 1294C Cani8a &i( d >#ti#n t# Ouas! sa*ing t!at a(( gati#ns in t! in&#rmati#n did n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns , and t!at t! in&#rmati#n '#ntain d av rm nts -!i'!, i& tru , -#u(d '#nstitut a ( ga( :'us #r /usti&i'ati#n $ tria( '#urt grant d >#ti#n t# Ouas!, dismiss d 'as against Cani8a $ Fis'a(0s >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n #& t!is 1rd r -as d ni d $ +un 13, 1292C a s '#nd In&#rmati#n <d#'. t d as Crimina( Cas 46968= -as &i( d '!arging Cani8a -it! su)stantia((* t! sam #&& ns as t!at '!arg d und r t! "r vi#us in&#rmati#n $ Cani8a m#v d t# 3uas! t!is s '#nd in&#rmati#n #n t! gr#unds t!at 1= t! #&& ns '!arg d !ad a(r ad* "r s'ri) d, 2=3uas!a( #& t! &irst In&#rmati#n !ad ) n #n t! m rits, 3=t! a(( gati#ns #& t! s '#nd In&#rmati#n did n#t '#nstitut and #&& ns $ R s"#nd nt /udg issu d an #rd r d n*ing t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! $ 4 a(s# d ni d Cani8a0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n ISSUES 1, 51N t! #&& ns '!arg d !ad a(r ad* "r s'ri) d 2, 51N t! &i(ing #& t! s '#nd In&#rmati#n !as "(a' d t! a''us d in / #"ard* #& "unis!m nt &#r t! sam #&& ns a s '#nd tim HELD 1, N1 Reasoning % 5 * ars, 4 m#nt!s, and 16 da*s !ad (a"s d ) t- n N#v m) r 5, 1268 <t! dat #& '#mmissi#n #& t! a(( g d #&& ns = and >ar'! 20 1294 <dat #& &i(ing t! &irst in&#rmati#n=; 4 * ars, 2 m#nt!s and 12 da*s !ad (a"s d ) t- n A"ri( 3, 1295 <dat #& d nia( )* t! tria( '#urt #& t! Fis'a(0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n= and +un 13, 1292 <dat #& &i(ing #& t! s '#nd in&#rmati#n=, A t#ta( #& 2 * ars, 6 m#nt!s and 28 da*s !ad ) n '#nsum d )* t! tim t! s '#nd In&#rmati#n -as &i( d in '#urt, $ Knd r Arti'( 20, in r (ati#n -it! Arti'( 192 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d , t! 'rim #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i' d#'um nt '#mmitt d )* a "rivat individua( $ t! #&& ns -it! -!i'! " titi#n r Ca_i8a is "r s nt(* '!arg d $ "r s'ri) s in t n <10= * ars, In t!is r s" 't, Arti'( 21 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d stat s &urt! rC ) Computation of prescription of offenses , %! " ri#d #& "r s'ri"ti#n s!a(( '#mm n' t# run &r#m t! da* #n -!i'! t! 'rim is dis'#v r d )*

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! #&& nd d "art*, t! aut!#riti s, #r t! ir ag nts, and s!a(( ) int rru"t d )* t! &i(ing #& t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, and shall commence to run again when such proceedings terminate without the accused being convicted or ac$uitted& #r ar /usti&ia)(* st#"" d &#r an* r as#n n#t im"uta)( t# !im, 2, N1 Reasoning % S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 119 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt E (ists t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s in #rd r t!at t! d & ns #& d#u)( / #"ard* ma* ) su'' ss&u((* inv#. d )* an a''us d " rs#nC a, a valid Complaint or *nformation or other formal charge sufficient in form and substance to sustain a conviction), a C#urt #& '#m" t nt /urisdi'ti#n; ', t!at t! a''us d !ad "( ad d t# t! '!arg against !im; d, t!at t! a''us d !ad ) n '#nvi't d, #r a'3uitt d, #r the case against him dismissed or otherwise terminated without his e+press consent ; and , t!at t! s '#nd #&& ns '!arg d is t! sam as t! &irst, #r an att m"t t# '#mmit t! sam #r a " titi#n t! r #&, #r t!at t! s '#nd #&& ns n ' ssari(* in'(ud s #r is n ' ssari(* in'(ud d in t! &irst #&& ns '!arg d, $ Crimina( Cas N#, 16892 -as #rd r d dismiss d )* t! tria( '#urt -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d i, ,, u"#n >#ti#n t# Ouas! &i( d )* " titi#n r Ca_i8a, G n ra((*, a dismissa( und r su'! 'ir'umstan' -in n#t )ar an#t! r "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! sam #&& ns ; t! d & ndant, in !aving t! 'as against !im dismiss d, t! r )* -aiv s !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t against d#u)( / #"ard* &#r t! r as#n t!at ! && 'tiv (* "r v nts t! tria( '#urt &r#m "r#' ding t# tria( #n t! m rits and r nd ring a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n against !im $ A""(i'ati#n #& t! a&#r stat d 2$.'*+0% $& ?,+v%*, !#- v r, is su)/ 't t# t-# <2= sine $ua non '#nditi#nsC &irst, dismissa( must !av ) n s#ug!t #r indu' d )* t! d & ndant, it! r " rs#na((* #r t!r#ug! '#uns (; and s '#nd, such dismissal must not have been on the merits and must not necessaril' amount to an ac$uittal , In t!is r s" 't, t! r '#rd s!#-s t!at " titi#n r Ca_i8a m#v d t# 3uas! t! first *nformation <Crimina( Cas N#, 16892= #n gr#unds t!at t! a(( gati#ns mad t! r in did n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns andM#r t!at t! &irst In&#rmati#n '#ntain d a(( gati#ns -!i'!, i& tru , '#nstitut d a ( ga( :'us #r /usti&i'ati#n, %! s gr#unds, u"#n -!i'! t! tria( '#urt an'!#r d its 29 N#v m) r 1294 1rd r #& dismissa(, ar '( ar(* dir 't d at t! su&&i'i n'* #& said in&#rmati#n t# sustain t! '#nvi'ti#n #& " titi#n r Cani8a and, ! n' , indi'at t! a)s n' #& t! &irst r 3uisit in d#u)( $/ #"ard*, Furt! rm#r , and m#r im"#rtant(*, dismissa( #& a 'rimina( a'ti#n #n t!is )asis is n#t "r#" r(* '#nsid r d as am#unting t# an ac$uittal on the merits; &r#m a ( ga( stand"#int, t! d & ndant is d m d as n#t !aving ) n '!arg d -it! t! '#mmissi#n #& an* #&& ns -!ats# v r und r t! d &i'i nt in&#rmati#n, C#ns 3u nt(*, " titi#n r Ca_i8as "( a #& s '#nd / #"ard* 'ann#t ) sustain dC ! && 'tiv (* -aiv d !is rig!t t# ass rt t!at "( a -! n ! m#v d t# 3uas! t! &irst In&#rmati#n &i( d against !im, Dispositive P titi#n &#r Pr#!i)iti#n and ' rti#rari is ;IS>ISS7;, %! 8 ; ' m) r 1280 R s#(uti#n #& t!is C#urt giving du '#urs t# t! P titi#n is -it!dra-n and t! dis"ut d 1rd rs dat d 29 N#v m) r 1292 and 20 >ar'! 1280 issu d )* r s"#nd nt /udg in Crimina( Cas N#, 46968 ar ! r )* AFFIR>7;, %!is 'as is r mand d t# t! '#urt a $uo &#r tria( #n t! m rits,

PEOPLE v GROSPE

6UE v COSICO

Criminal Procedure
199 SCRA 410 GK%I7RR7L, +R,; S "t m) r 8, 1282
FACTS - P titi#n rs in G,R, N#, 81861 and "rivat r s"#nd nt in G,R, N#, 83114 a(( stand as t! a''us d in Crimina( Cas N#, C$2152 &#r sta&a t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts -!i'! 'as -as dismiss d )ut su)s 3u nt(* r instat d, $ ;uring t! tria( &#r t! sta&a 'as , Att*, R#drigu 8 ;adivas, '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d ; v ra and >a'!ad#, #ra((* m#v d &#r t! in!i)iti#n #& t! "r siding +udg Su"(i'# #n t! gr#und t!at ! !ad s#m d#u)ts as t# t! im"artia(it* #& t! /udg against -!#m ! and s#m nin t n <12= #t! r "ra'ti'ing (a-* rs !ad &i( d s ri#us administrativ '!arg s -it! t! Pr sid nt #& t! P!i(i""in s, t! C!i & +usti' #& t! Su"r m C#urt, and t! >inist r #& +usti' , F#((#-ing Att*, ;adivas, Att*, R#) rt# Barri#s, &#rm r "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, a(s# m#v d &#r t! in!i)iti#n #& t! /udg &#r t! sam r as#n a(( g d )* Att*, ;adivas, %! "r siding /udg , !#- v r, ru( d Att*s, ;adivas and Barri#s #ut #& #rd r and as. d t! Cit* Fis'a( t# "r s nt t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, %! r u"#n, t! Cit* Fis'a( mani& st d t!at ! -as aut!#ri8ing t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r t# a'tiv (* !and( t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! 'as , Att*, R#) rt# Barri#s, !#- v r, insist d t!at t! "r siding /udg s!#u(d &irst ru( #n t! ir "r vi#us m#ti#n &#r in!i)iti#n, Inst ad #& r s#(ving t! m#ti#n &#r in!i)iti#n, t! "r siding /udg as. d t! '#mm nts #& Att*, ?#r n8# 7, C#(#s#, '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d B rna) Ou and Am (ia Ou , and Att*, A() rt# @i((arru8, '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d Pa8 ?, >art (in#, -!# )#t! inv#. d t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! ir '(i nts t# a s" d* tria(, %! "r siding /udg as. d again t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its vid n' )ut t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r insist d t!at a ru(ing ) mad )* t! "r siding /udg -it! r gard t# t! " nding m#ti#n &#r in!i)iti#n, As a r su(t, t! "r siding /udg issu d t! #rd r dat d N#v m) r 10, 1286 dismissing t!is 'as , $ 1n N#v m) r 21, 1286, t! "r#s 'uti#n &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n &r#m t! #rd r #& dismissa(, %!is -as #""#s d )* t! d & ns , $ In t! m antim , t! 'as -as r $ra&&( d t# +udg R#drig# C#si'#, +udg C#si'# in an #rd r dat d >a* 22, 1289, grant d t! "r#s 'uti#nQs m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n and 'aus d t! 'as t# ) r #" n d, %! su)s 3u nt m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n &(i d )* t! d & ns -as d ni d in an #rd r dat d N#v m) r 29, 1289, $ G,R, N#, 83114 $ a''us d >art (in# &i( d ) &#r t! CA a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari "ra*ing t!at t! #rd r #& +udg C#si'# r instating t! 'as ) d '(ar d nu(( and v#id #n t! gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard*, CA &#und m rit in t! " titi#n and s t asid +udg C#si'#Qs #rd r as Rit am#unts t# d#u)( / #"ard* #n t! "art #& t! " titi#n r,R %! d 'isi#n #& t! a"" ((at '#urt is )as d #n "r ' d nts -!i'! dis'uss t! &ai(ur #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# a"" ar &#r tria(, "r#du' its -itn ss s, #r "r s nt its vid n' , $ G,R, N#, 81861 $ t! a''us d B rna) Ou and Am (ia Ou &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari dir 't(* -it! t!is '#urt s .ing t# d '(ar +udg C#si'#Qs #rd rs dat d >a* 22, 1289 and N#v m) r 29, 1289 as nu(( and v#id and t# "r#!i)it r s"#nd nt &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding -it! t! 'rimina( 'as , ISSUE 51N t! r instat m nt #& t! 'rimina( 'as "(a' d t! a''us d in d#u)( / #"ard*,

a2010 page !

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

-!# - r -it! !im at Cam" >ur"!*, A&t r ) ing assur d t-i' #& t! id ntit* #& t! su""#s d '(aimants and a&t r :amining t! ir r sid n' ' rti&i'at s atta'! d t# t! '(aim "a" rs, Sams#n a''#m"ani d )* Cru8 and t! su""#s d '(aimants - nt t# ta(. t# ?t, >anu ( @a( n'ia and r 3u st d !im t# a't as guarant#r t# s 'ur t! '(aimants '! '., $ a'ting #n t! assuran' #& Sams#n, @a( n'ia ! (" d t! m s 'ur '! '.s in t! nam #& R#sa(inda P r 8 and 7s"iridi#n ?as'an#, 4 s - r n'as! d )* >a((ari again ) (i ving Sams#n, $ Paras didn0t .n#- !#- t# -rit s# s! inst ad "(a' d ! r t!um)mar. at t! )a'. #& t! '! '. -!i( Sams#n sign d as -itn ss, ?as'an# "(a' d !is signatur -!i( Sams#n sign d as (ast nd#rs r, $ t! * t! n "r#' d d t# Arist#'rat t# at (un'!, 4 r Sams#n r ' iv d P300 su""#s d(* t# "a* t! #&&i' rs -!# ! (" d t! m and P10 &#r ta:i m#n *, $ t-# da*s a&t r, Sams#n -as in&#rm d #& t! "#ssi)i(it* t!at t! " #"( -!# '(aim d t! '! '.s - r n0t t! r a( " #"( -!# t! * '(aim d t# ) , %!is ! -as a)( t# v ri&*, K"#n .n#-ing #& t!is, Sams#n r "#rt d t! in'id nt t# an #&&i' r, $ Sams#n, Cru8 and @ rgara and t-# #t! rs -!#s nam s ar un.n#-n in t-# s "arat in&#rmati#ns -it! t! '#m"( : 'rim #& estafa t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& t-# '! '.s #& t! P!i(i""in Nati#na( Ban. and - r &#und gui(t*, S nt n' &#r a'! #& t! t!r d & ndants t# su&& r in a'! 'as a " na(t* #& n#t ( ss t!an 6 * ars and 1 da* and n#t m#r t!an 2 * ars, 4 m#nt!s and 1 da* #& prision ma'or, t# "a* a &in #& P2,500 and t! '#sts, In additi#n, t! * - r s nt n' d t# ind mni&* t! P!i(i"$"in R*u.*us C#mmand, t! "a* #& t! '! '.s, in t! sum #& P5,419,11 in a'! #& t! t-# 'as s $ 1n a"" a( ) &#r t! CA, Cru8 and @ rgara - r giv n r du' d " na(ti s, Smas#n -as #n(* &#und gui(t* #& '#mmitting t! 'rim t!r#ug! gr#ss im"rud n' and -as a''#rding(* s nt n' d t# 4 m#nt!s #& arresto ma'or in a'! #& t! t-# 'as s, ISSUES 1, 51N t! a'ts d#n )* !im, as &#und )* t! C#urt #& A"" a(s '#nstitut gr#ss im"rud n' 2, 51N ! -as '#rr 't(* &#und gui(t* #& t! #&& ns sta&a t!r#ug! <&a(si&i'ati#n )*= n g(ig n' HELD 1, 67S $ A"" ((ant -as, #r must !av ) n a-ar t!at t! '(aim -as &#r a si8 a)( am#unt, t#ta((ing #v r t- (v t!#usand " s#s, and #rdinar* "rud n' r 3uir d t!at ! s!#u(d satis&* !ims (& )* a(( "r#" r and ad 3uat m ans #& t! id ntit* #& t! " rs#ns '(aiming said am#unts, sin' t! * - " rs#na((* un.n#-n t# !im, %! m r assuran' #& a &#rm r '(ass, mat -#u(d ' rtain(* n#t ) a satis&a't#r* id nti&i'ati#n t# /usti&* dis)urs m nt #& su'! a (arg am#unt $ a"" ((ant as a ?i ut nant #& t! Arm* is su&&i'i nt(* int ((ig nt and du'at d t# &#r s t! "#ssi)i(it* t!at t! ' rti&i'at s '#u(d ) &#rg d #r st#( n $ a"" ((ant '##" rat d in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! '#m"( : #&& ns #& estafa t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n )* r '.( ss im"rud n' )* a'ts -it!#ut -!i'! it '#u(d n#t !av ) n a''#m"(is! d, and t!is ) ing a &a't, t! r -#u(d ) n# r as#n t# :'u("at !im &r#m (ia)i(it* 2, 67S

HELD Ratio t! r 3uisit s t!at must '#n'ur &#r ( ga( / #"ard* t# atta'! ar , t# -itC 1= a va(id '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n; 2= a '#urt #& '#m" t nt /urisdi'ti#n; 3= t! a''us d !as "( ad d t# t! '!arg and 4= t! a''us d !as ) n '#nvi't d #r a'3uitt d #r t! 'as dismiss d #r t rminat d -it!#ut t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, Reasoning %! &#urt! r 3uisit is (a'.ing in t! instant 'as , %! 'as -as dismiss d u"#n m#ti#n and -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, %! a''us d B rna) Ou , Am (ia Ou and Pa8 >art (in# inv#. d t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# a s" d* tria( -! n t! "r#s 'uti#n r &us d t# "r s nt vid n' unti( t! '#urt !ad ru( d #n t! m#ti#n &#r in!i)iti#n, It -as #n t! ir #ra( m#ti#n t!at t! (#- r '#urt #rd r d t! 'as t# ) dismiss d, %! r - r n# #""r ssiv d (a*s #n t! "art #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, %! "r#s 'uti#nQs insist n' t!at +udg Su"(i'# ru( #n t! m#ti#n t# in!i)it ) &#r &urt! r "r#' dings in t! 'as -as n#t di(at#r*, %! r is n# r as#n a""ar nt &r#m t! r '#rds -!* Su"(i'# s!#u(d va'i((at #r s!#ang r #n a matt r t!at a&& 'ts t! su)s 3u nt '#urs #& t! tria(, 4 '#u(d !av asi(* grant d #r d ni d t! m#ti#n, giving s#und r as#ns &#r !is ru(ing, 4 '#u(d !av r 3uir d t!at t! m#ti#n ) su)mitt d &#rma((*, %! su)s 3u nt ) !avi#r #& t! &#rm r +udg , s" 'ia((* !is "r 'i"itat dismissa( #& t! 'as s!#-s t!at !is r a'ti#n -as n#t m r im" tu#usn ss #r "i3u , It ) ars t! armar.s #& )ias and "r /udi' , As n#t d )* +udg C#si'# in !is #rd r dat d N#v m) r 29, 1289C ,,, A '(#s d s'rutin* #& t! &#r g#ing '!r#n#(#g* #& &a'ts t!at trans"ir d at t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt d# s n#t s!#- t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n d (i) rat (* d (a* d t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t!is 'as n#r d# s it a"" ar t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n -as un"r "ar d t# "r s nt its vid n' , %! t-# <2= "#st"#n m nts r 3u st d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n a"" ar t# ) r as#na)( , >#r #v r, it a"" ars t!at #n N#v m) r 10, 1286, >r, Ang ( 6u, "rin'i"a( -itn ss &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, -as t! n "r s nt and r ad* t# t sti&*, 1n t! #t! r !and, it a"" ars t!at Att*, ?#r n8# C#(#s# a(s# as. d &#r at ( ast t-# <2= "#st"#n m nts, In inv#.ing t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# s" d* tria(, Att*, C#(#s# is n#t t! r &#r '#ming t# t!is '#urt -it! '( an !ands, C#nsid ring t! t-# <2= "#st"#n m nts r 3u st d )* Att*, C#(#s#, t! a''us d in && 't -aiv d t! ir rig!t t# s" d* tria(,R Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! " titi#n d#'. t d as G,R, 81861 is ! r )* ;IS>ISS7; &#r (a'. #& m rit, %! " titi#n d#'. t d as G, R, N#, 83114 is GRAN%7; and t! 3u sti#n d #rd rs #& +udg C#si'# dat d >a* 22, 1289 and N#v m) r 29, 1298 ar AFFIR>7;, %! d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s dat d A"ri( 22, 1288 is S7% ASI;7,

SAMSON v CA 103 P4I? 299 BAK%IS%A ANG7?1; >ARC4 31, 1258

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - )* ' rti#rari #& a d 'isi#n #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s FACTS $ 1n 1't#) r 2, 1248 Amad# ?, Cru8 as. d t! ! (" #& !is &#rm r '(assmat Ru&in# %, Sams#n in g tting t! '! '.s #& t! t-# '(aimants

Criminal Procedure
$ '#uns ( '#nt nds t!atC Sams#n 'ann#t ) '#nvi't d #& t! 'rim #& estafa t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n )* im"rud n' &#r t! r as#n t!at t! in&#rmati#n &i( d against !im '!arg s #n(* a -i((&u( a't #& &a(si&i'ati#n and '#ntains n# r & r n' t# an* a't #& im"rud n' #n !is "art; t! a(( g d im"rud nt a't d# s n#t in'(ud #r is n#t n ' ssari(* in'(ud d in t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n ) 'aus a d (i) rat int nt t# d# an un(a-&u( a't is in'#nsist nt -it! t! id a #& n g(ig n' , $ %! ru( r garding varian' ) t- n a(( gati#n and "r##& in a 'rimina( 'as , isC R5! n t! r is varian' ) t- n t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, and t!at "r#v d #r sta)(is! d )* t! vid n' , and t! #&& ns as '!arg d, is in'(ud d in #r n ' ssari(* in'(ud s t! #&& ns "r#v d, t! d & ndant s!a(( ) '#nvi't d #& t! #&& ns "r#v d in'(ud d in t!at -!i'! is '!arg d, #r #& t! #&& ns '!arg d in'(ud d in t!at -!i'! is "r#v dR <S 'ti#n 4, Ru( 116 now rule 7DI, Ru( s #& C#urt=, $RAn #&& ns '!arg d n ' ssari(* in'(ud s t!at -!i'! is "r#v d, -! n s#m #& t! ss ntia( ( m nts #r ingr di nts #& t! &#rm r, as t!is is a(( g d in t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n, '#nstitut t! (att r, And t! #&& ns '!arg d is n ' ssari(* in'(ud d in t! #&& ns "r#v s, -! n t! ss ntia( ingr di nts #& t! &#rm r '#nstitut #r &#rm a "art #& t!#s '#nstituting t! (att rR <S 'ti#n 5, Ru( 116, n#- ru( 120= $ '#nvi'ti#n &#r a 'rimina( n g(ig nt a't 'an ) !ad und r an in&#rmati#n :'(usiv (* '!arging t! '#mmissi#n #& a -i((&u( #&& ns , u"#n t! t! #r* t!at t! gr at r in'(ud s t! ( ss r #&& ns $ a"" ((ant did n#t a't -it! 'rimina( int nt )ut m r (* &ai( d t# ta. "r#" r and ad 3uat m ans t# assur !ims (& #& t! id ntit* #& t! r a( '(aimants as an #rdinar* "rud nt man -#u(d d#, In #t! r -#rds, t! in&#rmati#n a(( g s a'ts -!i'! '!arg -i((&u(, &a(si&i'ati#n )ut -!i'! turn d #ut t# ) n#t -i((&u( )ut n g(ig nt, %!is is a 'as '#v r d )* t! ru( -! n t! r is a varian' ) t- n t! a(( gati#n and "r##& $ >#r #v r, S 'ti#n 5, Ru( 116 now 7DI, #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt d# s n#t r 3uir t!at a(( t! ss ntia( ( m nts #& t! #&& ns '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n ) "r#v d, it ) ing su&&i'i nt t!at some #& said ss ntia( ( m nts #r ingr di nts t! r #& ) sta)(is! d t# constitute the crime proved, %!is '#n'(usi#n is str ngt! n d )* t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 2, Ru( d 113, <I t!in. s ' 9 ru( 119 na= #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt und r -!i'! a"" ((ant '#u(d n# (#ng r ) "r#s 'ut d &#r sta&a t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& '#mm r'ia( d#'um nts )* r '.( ss n g(ig n' - r - t# a'3uit !im in t! 'as s at )ar #n t! #)vi#us(* t '!ni'a( t! #r* #& t! diss nt rs

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n g(ig n' #r 'ar ( ssn ss, is n#t inv#(v d in t! ( m nts #& t! 'rim '!arg d, N#t #n(* is it n#t in'(ud dC it is e+cluded b' incompatibilit', ) 'aus ma(i' #r int nt 'ann#t '#$ :ist -it! n g(ig n' $ 1n t! "r#' dura( sid , t! #)/ 'ti#ns t# a"" ((antQs '#nvi'ti#n #& sta&a )* &a(si&i'ati#n t!r#ug! n g(ig n' ar mu'! m#r s ri#us, S 'ti#n 5, Ru( 116 <now 7DI=, u"#n -!i'! t! ma/#rit* r (i s as /usti&*ing t! '#nvi'ti#n, :"r ss s t! &#((#-ing ru( C An #&& ns '!arg d n ' ssari(* in'(ud s t!at -!i'! is "r#v d, -! n s#m #& t! ss ntia( ( m nts #r ingr di nts #& t! &#rm r, as this alleged in the complaint or information , '#nstitut t! (att r, <Ita(i' min = It is n#t n#ug!, t! r &#r , t!at t! ( m nts #& t! 'rim &#r -!i'! an a''us d is '#nvi't d s!#u(d ) "r#v d, )ut t! n must a(s# ) '!arg d #r a(( g d

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

: 'ut t! m -as mad , and (at r t# C#mm#n- a(t! Av nu -! r t! * - r s!#t t# d at! )* ( m nts #& t! Anti$Ban. R#) rr* Int ((ig n' %as. F#r' Gr#u" $ 1n >a* 26, 1225, SP12 C#ra8#n d (a Cru8, an#t! r CIC inv stigat#r, : 'ut d an a&&idavit '#rr#)#rating t! mat ria( a(( gati#ns #& d (#s R * s $ 1n >a* 31, 1225, Armand# Ca"i(i, a r "#rt r #& Remate& : 'ut d an a&&idavit stating t!at ! -as "r s nt -! n t! SBG m m) rs - r arr st d in Su" rvi(( Su)divisi#n $ 1n +un 1, 1225, C!i & Su" rint nd nt +#) A, >a*#, PNP ;ir 't#r &#r Inv stigati#n, &i( d murd r '!arg s -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! 1m)udsman against nin t*$s v n <29= #&&i' rs and " rs#nn ( #& ABRI%FG, %! n :t$ #&$.in #& t! s(ain SBG m m) rs a(s# &i( d murd r '!arg s against t! sam #&&i' rs and " rs#nn (, $ 1m)udsman Anian# ; si rt# t! n 'r at d a "an ( #& inv stigat#rs t# '#ndu't a "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t! murd r '!arg s, 1n 1't#) r 20, 1225, t! "an ( issu d a r s#(uti#n r '#mm nding t! dismissa( #& t! '!arg s &#r (a'. #& "r#)a)( 'aus , $ 1m)udsman ; si rt# r & rr d t! r s#(uti#n &#r r vi -, 1n N#v m) r 20, 1225, t! r vi - "an ( r v rs d t! r s#(uti#n and &#und "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n #& mu(ti"( murd r '!arg s against t- nt*$si: <26= #&&i' rs and " rs#nn ( #& ABRI%FG, $ 1n N#v m) r 2, 1225, t! 1m)udsman &i( d ) &#r t! !andiganba'an ( v n <11= In&#rmati#ns &#r >KR;7R, d#'. t d as Crimina( Cas s N#s, 23049 t# 23059, against r s"#nd nt Pan&i(# >, ?a's#n and t- nt*$&iv <25= #t! r a''us d, A(( t- nt*$si: <26= #& t! m - r '!arg d as "rin'i"a(s, $ K"#n m#ti#n #& t! r s"#nd nt, t! 'rimina( 'as s - r r mand d t# t! 1m)udsman &#r r inv stigati#n, 1n >ar'! 1, 1226, Am nd d In&#rmati#ns - r &i( d against t! sam t- nt*$si: <26= sus" 'ts )ut t! "arti'i"ati#n #& r s"#nd nt ?a's#n -as d#-ngrad d &r#m "rin'i"a( t# a'' ss#r*, Arraignm nt t! n &#((#- d and r s"#nd nt nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, $ 5it! t! d#-ngrading #& '!arg s against !im, r s"#nd nt ?a's#n 3u sti#n d t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! !andiganba'an t# ! ar t! 'rimina( 'as s as n#n #& t! A"rin'i"a(B a''us d in t! Am nd d In&#rmati#ns -as a g#v rnm nt #&&i'ia( -it! a Sa(ar* Grad <SG= 29 #r !ig! r, 'iting S 'ti#n 2 #& R, A, N#, 9295 t! n "r vai(ing, A''#rding(*, t! !andiganba'an #rd r d t! 'as s trans& rr d t# t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt $ %! 1&&i' #& t! S" 'ia( Pr#s 'ut#r &i( d a m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! trans& r, P nding r s#(uti#n #& t! m#ti#n, R, A, N#, 8242 t##. && 't #n F )ruar* 23, 1229, am nding R, A, N#, 9295, In "arti'u(ar, t! am ndat#r* (a- d ( t d t! -#rd A"rin'i"a(B in S 'ti#n 2 #& R, A, N#, 9295, t! r )* :"anding t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! !andiganba'an t# in'(ud a(( 'as s -! r at ( ast #n #& t! a''us d, -! t! r "rin'i"a(, a''#m"(i' #r a'' ss#r*, is a g#v rnm nt #&&i'ia( #& Sa(ar* Grad <SG= 29 #r !ig! r, %! am ndm nt is mad a""(i'a)( t# a(( 'as s " nding in an* '#urt in -!i'! tria( !as n#t * t ) gun as #& t! dat #& its a""r#va(, $ In ?a's#n v, 7: 'utiv S 'r tar*, r s"#nd nt ?a's#n '!a(( ng d t! '#nstituti#na(it* #& t! am ndm nt and '#nt nd d t!at t! !andiganba'an !ad n# /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'rimina( 'as s, %!is C#urt, -!i( dismissing t! '#nstituti#na( '!a(( ng , n#n t! ( ss #rd r d t! trans& r #& t! 'rimina( 'as s t# t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #n t! gr#und t!at t! Am nd d In&#rmati#ns &#r murd r &ai( d t# indi'at t!at t! #&& ns s '!arg d t! r in - r '#mmitt d in r (ati#n t#, #r in dis'!arg #&, t! #&&i'ia( &un'ti#ns #& t! r s"#nd nt, as r 3uir d )* R, A, N#, 8242, $ %! Crimina( Cas s - r ra&&( d #&& t# Bran'! 81 #& t! R gi#na( %ria(

PEOPLE v PANFILO LACSON G,R, N#, 142453 R7S1?K%I1NC >a* 28, 2002
NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari FACTS $ %! assai( d ; 'isi#n #& t! a"" ((at '#urt grant d r s"#nd nt ?a's#n0s S '#nd Am nd d P titi#n &#r Pr#!i)iti#n -it! a""(i'ati#n &#r t! issuan' #& a % m"#rar* R straining 1rd r, <1= assai(ing t! 1rd r issu d )* +udg 4 rminia Pasam)a #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt <R%C= #& >ani(a, Bran'! 40, t!at a((#- d t! '#ntinuati#n #& t! r $inv stigati#n #& t! Surat#ng Ba( ( ng 'as s; and <2= "ra*ing &#r t! dismissa( #& Crimina( Cas s ntit( d AP #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s v, Pan&i(# ?a's#n, t a(,B " nding ) &#r Bran'! 81 #& t! R%C #& Ou 8#n Cit*, $ 1n >a* 18, 1225, t! n PNP ;ir 't#r$G n ra( R 'ar d# Sarmi nt# II ann#un' d, in a "r ss '#n& r n' , t! .i((ing #& ( v n <11= m m) rs #& t! Huratong Baleleng Gang <SBG= in a s!##t#ut -it! "#(i' ( m nts n ar t! &(*$#v r a(#ng C#mm#n- a(t! Av nu , Ou 8#n Cit* at a)#ut 4C00 A,>, t!at da*, $ 1n >a* 22, 1225, m#rning "a" rs 'arri d t! n -s t!at SP12 7duard# d (#s R * s !ad '(aim d t!at t! .i((ing #& t! ( v n <11= gang m m) rs -as a Aru)$#utB #r summar* : 'uti#n and n#t a s!##t#ut, $ In an a&&idavit ! : 'ut d t! &#((#-ing da*, d (#s R * s stat d t!at ! -as "art #& a '#m"#sit "#(i' t am 'a(( d t! Anti$Ban. R#)) r* and Int ((ig n' %as. F#r' Gr#u" <ABRI%FG= '#m"#s d #& ( m nts #& t! Nati#na( Ca"ita( R gi#n C#mmandand ! ad d )* C!i & Su" rint nd nt + - ( Cans#n; %ra&&i' >anag m nt C#mmand, ! ad d )* S ni#r Su" rint nd nt Fran'is'# Su)ia, +r,; Pr sid ntia( Anti$Crim C#mmissi#n <PACC=, ! ad d )* C!i & Su" rint nd nt Pan&i(# >, ?a's#n; C ntra( P#(i' ;istri't C#mmand, ! ad d )* C!i & Su" rint nd nt Ri'ard# d ? #n; and Crimina( Inv stigati#n C#mmand <CIC=, ! ad d )* C!i & Su" rint nd nt R#m # A'#" $ ; (#s R * s '(aim d t!at t! "#(i' t am arr st d t! ( v n <11= gang m m) rs in ar(* m#rning #& >a* 18, 1225 at t! gang0s sa& !#us in Su" rvi(( Su)divisi#n, Para_a3u ; t!at a&t r t! ir arr st, t! gang m m) rs - r mad t# )#ard t-# vans, t! ir !ands ti d ) !ind t! ir )a'.s, and )r#ug!t initia((* t# Cam" Cram -! r a d 'isi#n t# summari(*

SEPARATE OPINION REYES JBL G2+--%0'H

$ Rui"on vs. Kustice of the Peace of Bacolor <29 P!i(,, 342=, +u(* 28, 1255, t!at 'rimina( n g(ig n' is n#t a m r variant #& t! int nti#na( misd d; t!at it is a distin't and s "arat in its (&, 5 a(s# "#int d #ut in t!at 'as t!at -!i( -i((&u( 'rim s ar "unis! d a''#rding t# t! ir r su(t in 'rim s #& n g(ig n' , -!at t! (a- "unis! s is t! 'ar ( ssn ss its (&, t! &ai(ur t# ta. t! "r 'auti#ns t!at s#'i t* !as a rig!t t# :" 't -i(( ) ta. n und r t! 'ir'umstan' s #& a'! 'as $ t!at int nti#na( &a(si&i'ati#n and &a(si&i'ati#n )* n g(ig n' n#t #n(* di&& r in s ri#usn ss, )ut in ss n' ; t! * ar , )* t! ir natur , t-# di&& r nt #&& ns s a(t#g t! r, 5! r &#r , an #&& nd r -!# is a''us d #& int nti#na( &a(si&i'ati#n 'ann#t ) ! (d t# ans- r &#r &a(si&i'ati#n )* n g(ig n' , ) 'aus t! ss ntia( ( m nt #& t! (att r #&& ns , t! ingr di nt t!at '!ara't ri8 s it and s "arat s it &r#m a(( #t! r #&& ns s, t# -it, t! 'rimina(

Criminal Procedure
C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit*, t! n "r sid d )* +udg , n#- Ass#'iat +usti' #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, 5 n' s(a# Agnir, +r, $ B &#r t! a''us d '#u(d ) arraign d, "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s 7duard# d (#s R * s, C#ra8#n d (a Cru8, Armand# Ca"i(i and +an G#m 8 r 'ant d t! ir a&&idavits -!i'! im"(i'at d r s"#nd nt ?a's#n in t! murd r #& t! SBG m m) rs, $ 1n t! #t! r !and, "rivat '#m"(ainants a(s# : 'ut d t! ir r s" 'tiv a&&idavits #& d sistan' d '(aring t!at t! * - r n# (#ng r int r st d t# "r#s 'ut t! s 'as s, $ ;u t# t! s d v (#"m nts, t! t- nt*$si: <26= a''us d, in'(uding r s"#nd nt ?a's#n, &i( d &iv s "arat )ut id nti'a( m#ti#ns t#C <1= ma. a /udi'ia( d t rminati#n #& t! :ist n' #& "r#)a)( 'aus &#r t! issuan' #& -arrants #& arr st <2= !#(d in a) *an' t! issuan' #& t! -arrants <3= dismiss t! 'as s s!#u(d t! tria( '#urt &ind (a'. #& "r#)a)( 'aus , $ %! r '#rds #& t! 'as ) &#r us ar n#t '( ar -! t! r t! "rivat #&& nd d "arti s - r n#ti&i d #& t! ! aring #n >ar'! 22, 1222 ! (d )* +udg Agnir t# r s#(v t! m#ti#ns &i( d )* r s"#nd nt ?a's#n and t! #t! r a''us d, $ ;uring t! said ! aring, t! "rivat #&& nd d "arti s -!# d sist d d# n#t a"" ar t# !av ) n "r s nt d #n t! -itn ss stand, In t! ir st ad, Att*, G#d-in @a(d 8 t sti&i d t!at ! assist d t! m in "r "aring t! ir a&&idavits #& d sistan' and t!at ! sign d said a&&idavits as -itn ss, 1n t! #t! r !and, Att*, Aur#ra Bautista #& t! P!i(i""in ?a-* r0s ? agu "r s nt d t! a&&idavits #& r 'antati#n #& "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s 7duard# d (#s R * s, Armand# Ca"i(i and +an G#m 8, 1n(* "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss C#ra8#n d (a Cru8 t sti&i d t# a&&irm ! r a&&idavit, $ 1n >ar'! 22, 1222, +udg Agnir issu d a R s#(uti#n dismissing t! Crimina( Cas s $ 1n >ar'! 29, 2001, PNP ;ir 't#r ? andr# R, > nd#8a ind#rs d t# t! ; "artm nt #& +usti' t! n - a&&idavits #& PMIns", 6sma ( S, 6u and PMS Ins", A) (ard# Ram#s r garding t! Huratong Baleleng in'id nt &#r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, 1n t! str ngt! #& t!is ind#rs m nt, S 'r tar* #& +usti' 4 rnand# B, P r 8 &#rm d a "an ( t# inv stigat t! matt r, $ 1n A"ri( 19, 2001, t! r s"#nd nt -as su)"# na d t# att nd t! inv stigati#n #& said Crimina( Cas s $ 1n >a* 28, 2001, r s"#nd nt ?a's#n, t a(,, inv#.ing, am#ng #t! rs, t! ir '#nstituti#na( rig!t against d#u)( / #"ard*, &i( d a " titi#n &#r "r#!i)iti#n -it! a""(i'ati#n &#r t m"#rar* r straining #rd r andM#r -rit #& "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& >ani(a, "rimari(* t# n/#in t! Stat "r#s 'ut#rs &r#m '#ndu'ting t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, $ %! "( a &#r t m"#rar* r straining #rd r -as d ni d $ 1n +un 6, 2001, ( v n <11= In&#rmati#ns &#r murd r inv#(ving t! .i((ing #& t! sam m m) rs #& t! Huratong Baleleng gang - r &i( d ) &#r t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& Ou 8#n Cit* $ %! n - In&#rmati#ns '!arg d as "rin'i"a(s t!irt*$&#ur <34= " #"( , in'(uding r s"#nd nt ?a's#n and !is t- nt*$&iv <25= #t! r '#$a''us d in t! #rigina( in&#rmati#ns, %! 'rimina( 'as s - r assign d t# +udg >a, %! r sa ?, 6ada#, $ 1n t! sam da*, r s"#nd nt ?a's#n &i( d ) &#r t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari against +udg Pasam)a, t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' , t! PNP C!i &, Stat Pr#s 'ut#rs 1ng and La'arias, 2nd Assistant Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r +am#(in, and t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s, %! said " titi#n -as am nd d t# im"( ad as additi#na( "art*$r s"#nd nts Stat Pr#s 'ut#r C(ar# Ar ((an# and t! R%C, Ou 8#n Cit*, Bran'! 81

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$ In t! m antim , #n +un 8, 2001, r s"#nd nt ?a's#n a(s# &i( d -it! t! R%C$OC Bran'! 81 <"r sid d )* +udg >a, %! r sa 6ada#=, a >#ti#n &#r +udi'ia( ; t rminati#n #& Pr#)a)( Caus and in t! a)s n' t! r #&, t# dismiss t! 'as s #utrig!t, R s"#nd nt ?a's#n, !#- v r, &i( d a >ani& stati#n and >#ti#n dat d +un 13, 2001 s .ing t! sus" nsi#n #& t! "r#' dings ) &#r t! tria( '#urt, $ %! C#urt #& A"" a(s issu d a t m"#rar* r straining #rd r n/#ining +udg 6ada# &r#m issuing a -arrant #& arr st #r '#ndu'ting an* "r#' ding #r ! aring in Crimina( Cas s N#s, 01$101102 t# 01$101112, $ 1n August 24, 2001, t! C#urt #& A"" a(s r nd r d t! n#- assai( d ; 'isi#n, It '!ara't ri8 d t! t rminati#n #& Crimina( Cas s N#s, O$22$ 81692 t# O$22$81682 as A"r#visi#na( dismissa(,B and '#nsid r d Crimina( Cas s N#s, 01$101102 t# 01$101112 as m r r viva(s #& t! sam , A""(*ing S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 #& t! 2000 R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , it dismiss d t! 'rimina( 'as s against t! r s"#nd nt ISSUE 51N S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 )ars t! &i(ing #& t! ( v n <11= in&#rmati#ns against t! r s"#nd nt ?a's#n inv#(ving t! .i((ing #& s#m m m) rs #& t! Huratong Baleleng gang, HELD $ %!is ru( -!i'! t##. && 't #n ; ' m) r 1, 2000 "r#vid sC AS7C, 8, Provisional dismissal.) A 'as s!a(( n#t ) "r#visi#na((* dismiss d :' "t -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d and -it! n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "art*, %! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* im"ris#nm nt n#t :' ding si: <6= * ars #r a &in #& an* am#unt, #r )#t!, s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt #n <1= * ar a&t r issuan' #& t! #rd r -it!#ut t! 'as !aving ) n r viv d, 5it! r s" 't t# #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* im"ris#nm nt #& m#r t!an si: <6= * ars, t! ir "r#visi#na( dismissa( s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt t-# <2= * ars a&t r issuan' #& t! #rd r -it!#ut t! 'as !aving ) n r viv d,B $ ?i. an* #t! r &av#ra)( "r#' dura( ru( , t!is n - ru( 'an ) giv n r tr#a'tiv && 't, 4#- v r, t! C#urt 'ann#t ru( #n t!is issu du t# t! (a'. #& su&&i'i nt &a'tua( )as s, %!us, t! r is n d #& "r##& #& t! &#((#-ing &a'ts <1= -! t! r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as s !ad t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d; <2= -! t! r it -as #rd r d )* t! '#urt a&t r n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "art*, <3= -! t! r t! 2$* ar " ri#d t# r viv !as a(r ad* (a"s d, and <4= -! t! r t! r is an* /usti&i'ati#n &#r t! &i(ing #& t! 'as s ) *#nd t! 2$* ar " ri#d, $ %! r is n# un' rtaint* -it! r s" 't t# t! &a't t!at t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as s against r s"#nd nt ?a's#n ) ars !is :"r ss '#ns nt, It -as r s"#nd nt ?a's#n !ims (& -!# m#v d t# dismiss t! su)/ 't 'as s &#r (a'. #& "r#)a)( 'aus ) &#r t! n +udg Agnir, ! n' , it is ) *#nd argum nt t!at t! ir dismissa( ) ars !is :"r ss '#ns nt, $ %! r '#rds #& t! 'as , !#- v r, d# n#t r v a( -it! 3ua( '(arit* and '#n'(usiv n ss -! t! r n#ti' s t# t! #&& nd d "arti s - r giv n ) &#r t! 'as s against t! r s"#nd nt ?a's#n - r dismiss d )* t! n +udg Agnir, It a"" ars &r#m t! r s#(uti#n #& t! n +udg Agnir t!at t! r (ativ s #& t! vi'tims -!# d sist d did n#t a"" ar during t! ! aring t# a&&irm t! ir a&&idavits, %! ir a&&idavits #& d sistan' - r #n(* "r s nt d )* Att*, G#d-in @a(d 8 -!# t sti&i d t!at ! assist d t! "rivat '#m"(ainants in "r "aring t! ir a&&idavits and ! sign d t! m as a -itn ss, It a(s# a"" ars t!at #n(* s v n <9= " rs#ns su)mitt d t! ir a&&idavits #& d sistan' , Fr#m

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! r '#rds #& t! 'as ) &#r us, it 'ann#t ) d t rmin d -! t! r t! r - r a&&idavits #& d sistan' : 'ut d )* t! r (ativ s #& t! t!r #t! r vi'tims, %! sam r '#rds d# n#t s!#- -! t! r t! * - r n#ti&i d #& t! ! aring #r !ad .n#-( dg t! r #&, %# ) sur , it is n#t &air t# :" 't t! ( m nt #& n#ti' t# ) (itigat d ) &#r t! n +udg Agnir &#r S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 -as * t in :ist nt at t!at tim , $ %! &a't #& n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "arti s -as n#t rais d it! r in t! " titi#n &#r "r#!i)iti#n -it! a""(i'ati#n &#r t m"#rar* r straining #rd r #r -rit #& "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n &i( d )* r s"#nd nt ?a's#n in t! R%C #& >ani(a, t# n/#in t! "r#s 'ut#rs &r#m r inv stigating t! said 'as s against !im, %! #n(* 3u sti#n rais d in said " titi#n is -! t! r t! r inv stigati#n -i(( vi#(at t! rig!t #& r s"#nd nt ?a's#n against d#u)( / #"ard*, %!us, t! issu #& -! t! r #r n#t t! r inv stigati#n is )arr d )* S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 -as n#t ta'.( d )* t! (itigants, $ N#r -as t! &a't #& n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "arti s t! su)/ 't #& "r##& a&t r t! ( v n <11= in&#rmati#ns &#r murd r against r s"#nd nt ?a's#n and '#m"an* - r r viv d in t! R%C #& Ou 8#n Cit* "r sid d )* +udg 6ada#, %! r -as !ard(* an* "r#' ding '#ndu't d in t! 'as &#r r s"#nd nt ?a's#n imm diat (* &i( d a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari in t! a"" ((at '#urt '!a(( nging, am#ng #t! rs, t! aut!#rit* #& +udg 6ada# t# nt rtain t! r viv d in&#rmati#ns &#r mu(ti"( murd r against !im, $ %! a""(i'a)i(it* #& S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 -as n v r '#nsid r d in t! tria( '#urt, It -as in t! C#urt #& A"" a(s -! r r s"#nd nt ?a's#n rais d &#r t! &irst tim t! argum nt t!at S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 )ars t! r viva( #& t! mu(ti"( murd r 'as s against !im, But v n t! n, t! a"" ((at '#urt did n#t r 3uir t! "arti s t# (u'idat t! 'ru'ia( issu #& -! t! r n#ti' s - r giv n t# t! #&& nd d "arti s ) &#r +udg Agnir #rd r d t! dismissa( #& t! 'as s against r s"#nd nt ?a's#n and '#m"an*, $ Ind d, t! r '#rds #& t!is 'as ar in'#n'(usiv #n t! &a'tua( issu #& -! t! r t! mu(ti"( murd r 'as s against r s"#nd nt ?a's#n ar ) ing r viv d -it!in #r ) *#nd t! 2$* ar )ar, %! r '.#ning dat #& t! 2$* ar )ar !as t# ) &irst d t rmin d $ $ $ -! t! r it is &r#m t! dat #& t! 1rd r #& t! n +udg Agnir dismissing t! 'as s #r &r#m t! dat s t! 1rd r - r r ' iv d )* t! vari#us #&& nd d "arti s #r &r#m t! dat #& t! && 'tivit* #& t! n - ru( , $ I& t! 'as s - r r viv d #n(* a&t r t! 2$* ar )ar, t! Stat must ) giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# /usti&* its &ai(ur t# '#m"(* -it! said tim (in , %! n - ru( &i: s a tim (in t# " na(i8 t! Stat &#r its in :'usa)( d (a* in "r#s 'uting 'as s a(r ad* &i( d in '#urts, It 'an t! r &#r "r s nt '#m" ((ing r as#ns t# /usti&* t! r viva( #& 'as s ) *#nd t! 2$* ar )ar, - I0 l+9(' $& '(% l,.J $& $* '(% .$0&l+.'+09 %v+2%0.% $0 '(% v,*+$u*%Du+*%/%0'- '$ 2%'%*/+0% '(% ,))l+.,@+l+'y $& S%.'+$0 3, Rul% 445, '(+- C$u*' +- 0$' +0 , )$-+'+$0 '$ *ul% ?(%'(%* $* 0$' '(% *%-&+l+09 $& '(% .,-%- &$* /ul'+)l% /u*2%* ,9,+0-' *%-)$02%0' L,.-$0 -($ul2 @% %08$+0%2# Fu02,/%0',l &,+*0%-- *%Du+*%- '(,' @$'( '(% )*$-%.u'+$0 ,02 '(% *%-)$02%0' L,.-$0 -($ul2 @% ,&&$*2%2 '(% $))$*'u0+'y '$ @% (%,*2 ,02 '$ ,22u.% %v+2%0.% $0 '(% )*%-%0.% $* ,@-%0.% $& '(% )*%2+.,'% &,.'- u)$0 ?(+.( '(% ,))l+.,'+$0 $& '(% 0%? *ul% 2%)%02-# T(%y +0v$lv% 2+-)u'%2 &,.'- ,02 ,*9u,@l% Du%-'+$0- $& l,?# T(% *%.%)'+$0 $& %v+2%0.% $0 '(%-% v,*+$u- +--u%- .,00$' @% 2$0% +0 '(+C$u*' @u' @%&$*% '(% '*+,l .$u*'# Dispositive Cas r mand d

PEOPLE v PANFILO LACSON G,R, N#, 142453

Criminal Procedure
A"ri( 3, 2003
NATURE >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n #& t! R s#(uti#n dat d >a* 28, 2002 FACTS $ R s"#nd nt and !is '#$a''us d - r '!arg d -it! mu(ti"( murd r &#r t! s!##ting and .i((ing #& ( v n ma( " rs#ns id nti&i d as m m) rs #& t! Surat#ng Ba( ( ng Gang, $ %! C#urt ru( d in t! R s#(uti#n s#ug!t t# ) r '#nsid r d t!at t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& Crimina( Cas s against t! a''us d - r -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! r s"#nd nt as ! !ims (& m#v d &#r said "r#visi#na( dismissa( -! n ! &i( d !is m#ti#n &#r /udi'ia( d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus and &#r :aminati#n #& -itn ss s, %! C#urt a(s# ! (d t! r in t!at a(t!#ug! S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur '#u(d ) giv n r tr#a'tiv && 't, t! r is sti(( a n d t# d t rmin -! t! r t! r 3uir m nts &#r its a""(i'ati#n ar att ndant, %! tria( '#urt -as t!us dir 't d t# r s#(v t! &#((#-ingC ,,, <1= -! t! r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as s !ad t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d; <2= -! t! r it -as #rd r d )* t! '#urt a&t r n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "art*; <3= -! t! r t! 2$* ar " ri#d t# r viv it !as a(r ad* (a"s d; <4= -! t! r t! r is an* /usti&i'ati#n &#r t! &i(ing #& t! 'as s ) *#nd t! 2$* ar " ri#d; <5= -! t! r n#ti' s t# t! #&& nd d "arti s - r giv n ) &#r t! 'as s #& r s"#nd nt ?a's#n - r dismiss d )* t! n +udg Agnir; <6= -! t! r t! r - r a&&idavits #& d sistan' : 'ut d )* t! r (ativ s #& t! t!r <3= #t! r vi'tims; <9= -! t! r t! mu(ti"( murd r 'as s against r s"#nd nt ?a's#n ar ) ing r viv d -it!in #r ) *#nd t! 2$* ar )ar, $ %! C#urt &urt! r ! (d t!at t! r '.#ning dat #& t! t-#$* ar )ar !ad t# ) &irst d t rmin d -! t! r it s!a(( ) &r#m t! dat #& t! #rd r #& t! n +udg Agnir, +r, dismissing t! 'as s, #r &r#m t! dat s #& r ' i"t t! r #& )* t! vari#us #&& nd d "arti s, #r &r#m t! dat #& && 'tivit* #& t! n ru( , A''#rding t# t! C#urt, i& t! 'as s - r r viv d #n(* a&t r t! t-#$ * ar )ar, t! Stat must ) giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# /usti&* its &ai(ur t# '#m"(* -it! t! said tim $)ar, It m"!asi8 d t!at t! n - ru( &i: s a tim $)ar t# " na(i8 t! Stat &#r its in :'usa)( d (a* in "r#s 'uting 'as s a(r ad* &i( d in '#urt, 4#- v r, t! Stat is n#t "r '(ud d &r#m "r s nting '#m" ((ing r as#ns t# /usti&* t! r viva( #& 'as s ) *#nd t! t-#$* ar )ar, $ %! " titi#n rs av r t!at S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur is n#t a""(i'a)( t# t! Crimina( Cas s ) 'aus t! ss ntia( r 3uir m nts &#r its a""(i'ati#n - r n#t "r s nt -! n +udg Agnir, +r,, issu d !is r s#(uti#n #& >ar'! 22, 1222, %! " titi#n rs maintain t!at t! r s"#nd nt did n#t giv !is :"r ss '#ns nt t# t! dismissa( )* +udg Agnir, +r, #& t! Crimina( Cas s, %! r s"#nd nt a(( g d(* admitt d in !is "( adings &i( d -it! t! C#urt #& A"" a(s and during t! ! aring t! r at t!at ! did n#t &i( an* m#ti#n t# dismiss said 'as s, #r v n agr t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( t! r #&, >#r #v r, t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims - r a(( g d(* n#t giv n "ri#r n#ti' s #& t! dismissa( #& t! said 'as s )* +udg Agnir, +r, A''#rding t# t! " titi#n rs, t! r s"#nd nt0s :"r ss '#ns nt t# t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as s and t! n#ti' t# a(( t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims #& t! r s"#nd nt0s m#ti#n and t! ! aring t! r #n ar '#nditi#ns sin 3ua n#n t# t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! tim $)ar in t! s '#nd "aragra"! #& t! n - ru( ,

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$ %! " titi#n rs &urt! r '#nt nd t!at v n #n t! assum"ti#n t!at t! r s"#nd nt :"r ss(* '#ns nt d t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! Crimina( Cas s and a(( t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims - r n#ti&i d #& t! r s"#nd nt 0s m#ti#n ) &#r t! ! aring t! r #n and - r s rv d -it! '#"i s #& t! r s#(uti#n #& +udg Agnir, +r, dismissing t! ( v n 'as s, t! t-#$* ar )ar in S 'ti#n 8 #& Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur s!#u(d ) a""(i d "r#s" 'tiv (* and n#t r tr#a'tiv (* against t! Stat , %# a""(* t! tim (imit r tr#a'tiv (* t# t! 'rimina( 'as s against t! r s"#nd nt and !is '#$a''us d -#u(d vi#(at t! rig!t #& t! P #"( t# du "r#' ss, and undu(* im"air, r du' , and diminis! t! Stat 0s su)stantiv rig!t t# "r#s 'ut t! a''us d &#r mu(ti"( murd r, ISSUES 1, 51N S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur is a""(i'a)( t# t! Crimina( Cas s 2, 51N t! tim $)ar in said ru( s!#u(d ) a""(i d r tr#a'tiv (* HELD 1, 67S $ S 'ti#n 8, Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur r adsC S ', 8, Provisional dismissal, A 'as s!a(( n#t ) "r#visi#na((* dismiss d :' "t -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d and -it! n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "art*, %! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* im"ris#nm nt n#t :' ding si: <6= * ars #r a &in #& an* am#unt, #r )#t!, s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt #n <1= * ar a&t r issuan' #& t! #rd r -it!#ut t! 'as !aving ) n r viv d, 5it! r s" 't t# #&& ns s "unis!a)( )* im"ris#nm nt #& m#r t!an si: <6= * ars, t! ir "r#visi#na( dismissa( s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt t-# <2= * ars a&t r issuan' #& t! #rd r -it!#ut t! 'as !aving ) n r viv d, 4aving inv#. d said ru( ) &#r t! " titi#n rs$"an ( #& "r#s 'ut#rs and ) &#r t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, t! r s"#nd nt is )urd n d t# sta)(is! t! ss ntia( r 3uisit s #& t! &irst "aragra"! t! r #&, nam (*C 1, t! "r#s 'uti#n -it! t! :"r ss '#n&#rmit* #& t! a''us d #r t! a''us d m#v s &#r a "r#visi#na( <sin perjuicio= dismissa( #& t! 'as ; #r )#t! t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! a''us d m#v &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as ; 2, t! #&& nd d "art* is n#ti&i d #& t! m#ti#n &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as ; 3, t! '#urt issu s an #rd r granting t! m#ti#n and dismissing t! 'as "r#visi#na((*; 4, t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r is s rv d -it! a '#"* #& t! #rd r #& "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as , $ %! &#r g#ing r 3uir m nts ar '#nditi#ns sine $ua non t# t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! tim $)ar in t! s '#nd "aragra"! #& t! n - ru( , %! raison d, etre &#r t! r 3uir m nt #& t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& a 'rimina( 'as is t# )ar !im &r#m su)s 3u nt(* ass rting t!at t! r viva( #& t! 'rimina( 'as -i(( "(a' !im in d#u)( / #"ard* &#r t! sam #&& ns #r &#r an #&& ns n ' ssari(* in'(ud d t! r in, A(t!#ug! t! s '#nd "aragra"! #& t! n - ru( stat s t!at t! #rd r #& dismissa( s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt #n * ar a&t r t! issuan' t! r #& -it!#ut t! 'as !aving ) n r viv d, t! "r#visi#n s!#u(d ) '#nstru d t# m an t!at t! #rd r #& dismissa( s!a(( ) '#m " rman nt #n * ar a&t r s rvi' #& t! #rd r #& dismissa( #n t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r -!# !as '#ntr#( #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -it!#ut t! 'rimina( 'as !aving ) n

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

r viv d, %! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r 'ann#t ) :" 't d t# '#m"(* -it! t! tim (in un( ss ! is s rv d -it! a '#"* #& t! #rd r #& dismissa(, $ 7:"r ss '#ns nt t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( is giv n it! r viva voce #r in -riting, It is a "#sitiv , dir 't, un 3uiv#'a( '#ns nt r 3uiring n# in& r n' #r im"(i'ati#n t# su""(* its m aning, 5! r t! a''us d -rit s #n t! m#ti#n #& a "r#s 'ut#r &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as @o objection #r /ith m' conformit', t! -riting am#unts t# :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as , %! m r ina'ti#n #r si( n' #& t! a''us d t# a m#ti#n &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as #r !is &ai(ur t# #)/ 't t# a "r#visi#na( dismissa( d# s n#t am#unt t# :"r ss '#ns nt, A m#ti#n #& t! a''us d &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& a 'as is an :"r ss '#ns nt t# su'! "r#visi#na( dismissa(, I& a 'rimina( 'as is "r#visi#na((* dismiss d -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, t! 'as ma* ) r viv d #n(* -it!in t! " ri#ds "r#vid d in t! n - ru( , 1n t! #t! r !and, i& a 'rimina( 'as is "r#visi#na((* dismiss d -it!#ut t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d #r #v r !is #)/ 'ti#n, t! n - ru( -#u(d n#t a""(*, %! 'as ma* ) r viv d #r r &i( d v n ) *#nd t! "r s'ri) d " ri#ds su)/ 't t# t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# #""#s t! sam #n t! gr#und #& d#u)( / #"ard* #r t!at su'! r viva( #r r &i(ing is )arr d )* t! statut #& (imitati#ns, $ In t!is 'as , t! r s"#nd nt !as &ai( d t# "r#v t!at t! &irst and s '#nd r 3uisit s #& t! &irst "aragra"! #& t! n - ru( - r "r s nt -! n +udg Agnir, +r, dismiss d t! Crimina( Cas s, Irr &raga)(*, t! "r#s 'uti#n did n#t &i( an* m#ti#n &#r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! said 'rimina( 'as s, %! r s"#nd nt did n#t "ra* &#r t! dismissa(, "r#visi#na( #r #t! r-is #& t! Crimina( Cas s, N it! r did ! v r agr , im"(i d(* #r :"r ss(*, t# a m r "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as s, $ %! C#urt a(s# agr s -it! t! " titi#n rs0 '#nt nti#n t!at n# n#ti' #& an* m#ti#n &#r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #r #& t! ! aring t! r #n -as s rv d #n t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims at ( ast t!r da*s ) &#r said ! aring as mandat d )* Ru( 15, S 'ti#n 4 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, It must ) )#rn in mind t!at in 'rim s inv#(ving "rivat int r sts, t! n - ru( r 3uir s t!at t! #&& nd d "art* #r "arti s #r t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims must ) giv n ad 3uat a priori n#ti' #& an* m#ti#n &#r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as , Su'! n#ti' ma* ) s rv d #n t! #&& nd d "art* #r t! ! irs #& t! vi'tim t!r#ug! t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, i& t! r is #n , #r t!r#ug! t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r -!# in turn must r (a* t! n#ti' t# t! #&& nd d "art* #r t! ! irs #& t! vi'tim t# na)( t! m t# '#n& r -it! !im ) &#r t! ! aring #r a"" ar in '#urt during t! ! aring, $ In t! 'as at )ar, v n i& t! r s"#nd nt0s m#ti#n &#r a d t rminati#n #& "r#)a)( 'aus and :aminati#n #& -itn ss s ma* ) '#nsid r d &#r t! n#n' as !is m#ti#n &#r a "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! Crimina( Cas s, !#- v r, t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims - r n#t n#ti&i d t! r #& "ri#r t# t! ! aring #n said m#ti#n #n >ar'! 22, 1222, It must ) str ss d t!at t! r s"#nd nt &i( d !is m#ti#n #n(* #n >ar'! 19, 1222 and s t it &#r ! aring #n >ar'! 22, 1222 #r )ar (* &iv da*s &r#m t! &i(ing t! r #&, A(t!#ug! t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r -as s rv d -it! a '#"* #& t! m#ti#n, t! r '#rds d# n#t s!#- t!at n#ti' s t! r #& - r s "arat (* giv n t# t! ! irs #& t! vi'tims #r t!at su)"# nas - r issu d t# and r ' iv d )* t! m $ Sin' t! '#nditi#ns sin 3ua n#n &#r t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! n - ru( - r n#t "r s nt -! n +udg Agnir, +r, issu d !is r s#(uti#n, t! Stat is n#t )arr d )* t! tim (imit s t &#rt! in t! s '#nd "aragra"! #& S 'ti#n 8 #& Ru( 119 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , %! Stat 'an t!us r viv #r r &i( t! Crimina( Cas s #r &i( n - In&#rmati#ns &#r mu(ti"( murd r against t! r s"#nd nt,

Criminal Procedure
2, N1 $ %! C#urt agr s -it! t! " titi#n rs t!at t# a""(* t! tim $)ar r tr#a'tiv (* s# t!at t! t-#$* ar " ri#d '#mm n' d t# run #n >ar'! 31, 1222 -! n t! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r r ' iv d !is '#"* #& t! r s#(uti#n #& +udg Agnir, +r, dismissing t! 'rimina( 'as s is in'#nsist nt -it! t! int ndm nt #& t! n - ru( , Inst ad #& giving t! Stat t-# * ars t# r viv "r#visi#na((* dismiss d 'as s, t! Stat !ad '#nsid ra)(* ( ss t!an t-# * ars t# d# s#, %!us, +udg Agnir, +r, dismiss d t! Crimina( Cas s #n >ar'! 22, 1222, %! n - ru( t##. && 't #n ; ' m) r 1, 2000, I& t! C#urt a""(i d t! n - tim $)ar r tr#a'tiv (*, t! Stat -#u(d !av #n(* #n * ar and t!r m#nt!s #r unti( >ar'! 31, 2001 -it!in -!i'! t# r viv t! s 'rimina( 'as s, %! " ri#d is s!#rt #& t! t-#$* ar " ri#d &i: d und r t! n - ru( , $ 1n t! #t! r !and, i& t! tim (imit is a""(i d "r#s" 'tiv (*, t! Stat -#u(d !av t-# * ars &r#m ; ' m) r 1, 2000 #r unti( ; ' m) r 1, 2002 -it!in -!i'! t# r viv t! 'as s, %!is is in '#ns#nan' -it! t! int ndm nt #& t! n - ru( in &i:ing t! tim $)ar and t!us "r v nt in/usti' t# t! Stat and av#id a)surd, unr as#na)( , #""r ssiv , in/uri#us, and -r#ng&u( r su(ts in t! administrati#n #& /usti' , %! " ri#d &r#m A"ri( 1, 1222 t# N#v m) r 30, 1222 s!#u(d ) :'(ud d in t! '#m"utati#n #& t! t-#$* ar " ri#d ) 'aus t! ru( "r s'ri)ing it -as n#t * t in && 't at t! tim and t! Stat '#u(d n#t ) :" 't d t# '#m"(* -it! t! tim $)ar, It 'ann#t v n ) argu d t!at t! Stat -aiv d its rig!t t# r viv t! 'rimina( 'as s against r s"#nd nt #r t!at it -as n g(ig nt &#r n#t r viving t! m -it!in t! t-#$* ar " ri#d und r t! n ru( , %# r 3uir t! Stat t# giv a va(id /usti&i'ati#n as a '#nditi#n sine $ua non t# t! r viva( #& a 'as "r#visi#na((* dismiss d -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d ) &#r t! && 'tiv dat #& t! n - ru( is t# assum t!at t! Stat is #)(ig d t# '#m"(* -it! t! tim $)ar und r t! n - ru( ) &#r it t##. && 't, %!is -#u(d ) a ran. d nia( #& /usti' , %! Stat must ) giv n a " ri#d #& #n * ar #r t-# * ars as t! 'as ma* ) &r#m ; ' m) r 1, 2000 t# r viv t! 'rimina( 'as -it!#ut r 3uiring t! Stat t# ma. a va(id /usti&i'ati#n &#r n#t r viving t! 'as ) &#r t! && 'tiv dat #& t! n - ru( , A(t!#ug! in 'rimina( 'as s, t! a''us d is ntit( d t# /usti' and &airn ss, s# is t! Stat , Dispositive >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n is GRAN%7;

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'#m"(ainant and t! d & ndants &i( d t! ir a&&idavit and '#unt r$a&&idavits r s" 'tiv (*, $ In +an, 1285, " titi#n rs Bu(a#ng and !is '#uns ( d Gu8man su)mitt d t# Cit* Fis'a( #& Pasa* a r "(*$a&&idavit '#ntaining stat m nts -!i'! ar a(( g d t# ) (i) (#us, 4 n' , @istan and Bu nav ntura &i( d a '#m"(aint &#r (i) ( against Bu(a#ng and !is '#uns ( d Gu8man -it! t! Cit* Fis'a(, %! (att r '#ndu't d an inv stigati#n, and t! r a&t r, &i( d an in&#rmati#n &#r (i) ( against " titi#n rs, %! said in&#rmati#n -as (at r am nd d #n, $ P titi#n rs m#v d t# 3uas! t! In&#rmati#n #n t! &&, gr#undsC <1= t!at t! &a'ts '!arg d d# n#t '#nstitut an #&& ns ; and 2= t!at t! &is'a( !as n# aut!#rit* t# &i( t! In&#rmati#n, %! * &urt! r argu t!at t! r "(*$ a&&idavit -as su)mitt d and s-#rn t# )* " titi#n r Bu(a#ng n#t #n(* ) 'aus ! -as r 3uir d t# d# s# )* t! inv stigating &is'a( )ut a(s# ) 'aus it -as in '#m"(ian' -it! !is ( ga( and m#ra( dut* as '#m"(ainant in t! 'as &#r sta&a against @istan and Bu nav ntura and ! n' , t! r "(*$a&&idavit ) (#ngs t# t! '(ass #& a)s#(ut (* "rivi( g d '#mmuni'ati#ns $ %! assistant 'it* &is'a( &i( d an #""#siti#n t# t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! &i( d )* " titi#n rs, R%C #& Pasa* Cit* d ni d t! m#ti#n t# 3uas!, P titi#n rs &i( d >FR )ut -as d ni d, P titi#n rs &i( d -it! CA a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n, mandamus, -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n, CA dismiss d " titi#n &#r (a'. #& m rit, 4 n' , t! instant " titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari -as &i( d ISSUE 51N t! "r#' dur avai( d )* " titi#n rs a&t r d nia( )* t! R%C #& t! m#ti#n t# 3uas! <>%O= -as '#rr 't HELD N1 Ratio; P titi#ns &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n ar n#t t! '#rr 't r m di s against an #rd r d n*ing a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, %! d & ndant s!#u(d inst ad, g# t# tria( -it!#ut "r /udi' #n !is "art t# "r s nt t! s" 'ia( d & ns s ! !ad inv#. d in !is m#ti#n and, i& a&t r tria( #n t! m rits, an adv rs d 'isi#n is r nd r d, t# a"" a( t! r &r#m in t! mann r aut!#ri8 d )* (aReasoning; G,H S ', 1, Ru( 119 #& t! R1C "r#vid s t!at, u"#n arraignm nt, d & ndant s!a(( imm diat (* it! r m#v t# 3uas! t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n #r "( ad t! r t#, or d# )#t! and t!at, i& t! d & ndant m#v s t# 3uas!, -it!#ut "( ading, and t! m#ti#n is -it!dra-n #r #v rru( d, ! s!#u(d imm diat (* "( ad, -!i'! m ans t!at tria( must "r#' d, I&, a&t r tria( #n t! m rits, /udgm nt is r nd r d adv rs (* t# t! m#vant in t! >%O, ! 'an a"" a( t! /udgm nt and rais t! sam d & ns s #r #)/ 'ti#ns ar(i r rais d in !is >%O -!i'! -#u(d t! n ) su)/ 't t# r vi - )* t! a"" ((at '#urt, G@H An #rd r d n*ing a >%O, (i. an #rd r d n*ing a m#ti#n t# a'3uit, is int r(#'ut#r* and n#t a &ina( #rd r, and t!us, n#t a"" a(a)( , N it! r 'an it ) t! su)/ 't #& a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, Su'! #rd r #& d nia( ma* #n(* ) r vi - d, in t! #rdinar* '#urs #& (a-, )* an a"" a( &r#m t! /udgm nt, a&t r tria(, G.H In Collins vs. /olfe and r it rat d in (ill vs. Satco, t! a''us d, a&t r t! d nia( #& !is >%O, s!#u(d !av "r#' d d -it! t! tria( #& t! 'as in t! '#urt ) (#-, and i& &ina( /udgm nt is r nd r d against !im, ! '#u(d t! n a"" a(, and u"#n su'! a"" a(, "r s nt t! 3u sti#ns -!i'! ! s#ug!t t# ) d 'id d )* t! a"" ((at '#urt in a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, G2H /! t! r #r n#t t! a(( g d (i) (#us stat m nts in t! r "(*$a&&idavit ar '#v r d -it!in t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

mant( #& a)s#(ut (* "rivi( g d '#mmuni'ati#ns, is a d & ns -!i'! " titi#n rs '#u(d rais u"#n t! tria( #n t! m rits, and, i& t!at d & ns s!#u(d &ai(, t! * '#u(d sti(( rais t! sam #n a"" a(, %! >%O t! in&#rmati#n &#r (i) ( #n t! gr#und #& 3ua(i&i d "rivi( g , du(* #""#s d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n, is "r#" r(* d ni d, as t! "r#s 'uti#n is ntit( d t# "r#v at t! tria( t!at t! r -as ma(i' in &a't #n t! "art #& t! " titi#n rs Dispositive P titi#n is ;7NI7;, CA d 'isi#n is AFFIR>7;,

FULE v CA 162 SCRA 446 >7?7NCI1$47RR7RA ; +un 22, 1288

NATURE P titi#n &#r R vi - #n C rti#rari #& t! ; 'isi#n #& t! CA FACTS $A"" ((at C#urt a&&irm d t! /udgm nt #& t! R%C #& ?u' na Cit* t!at '#nvi't d Fu( #& @i#(ati#n #& BP 22 <%! B#un'ing C! '.s ?a-= #n t! )asis #& t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts nt r d int# ) t- n t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! d & ns during t! "r $tria( '#n& r n' in t! %ria( C#urt, $1n(* t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d its vid n' , P titi#n r$a"" ((ant -aiv d t! rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' and su)mitt d a > m#randum '#n&irming t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts, %! %ria( C#urt '#nvi't d " titi#n r$a"" ((ant, $1n a"" a(, r s"#nd nt A"" ((at C#urt u"! (d t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts and a&&irm d t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, 1 ISSUE 51N CA rr d in a&&irming t! d 'isi#n #& t! R%C '#nvi'ting t! " titi#n r #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, d s"it t! '#(d &a't t!at t! )asis #& t! '#nvi'ti#n -as )as d s#( (* #n t! sti"u(ati#n #& &a'ts mad during t! "r $tria( #n August 8, 1285, -!i'! -as n#t sign d )* t! " titi#n r, n#r )* !is '#uns ( HELD 67S, %! CA '#mmitt d a mista. , $%! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , -!i'! ) 'am && 'tiv #n +anuar* 1, 1285, a""(i'a)( t# t!is 'as sin' t! "r $tria( -as ! (d #n August 8, 1285, "r#vid sC RS7C, 4, Pr $tria( agr m nts must ) sign d, N# agr m nt #r admissi#n mad #r nt r d during t! "r $tria( '#n& r n' s!a(( ) us d in vid n' against t! a''us d un( ss r du' d t# -riting and sign d )* !im and !is '#uns (,R <Ru( 118= %! Ru( is mandat#r*, Knd r t! ru( #& statut#r* '#nstru'ti#n, n gativ -#rds and "!ras s ar t# ) r gard d as mandat#r* -!i( t!#s in t! a&&irmativ ar m r (* dir 't#r* <>'G vs, R "u)(i'=, %! us #& t! t rm Rs!a((R &urt! r m"!asi8 s its mandat#r* '!ara't r and m ans t!at it is im" rativ , #" rating t# im"#s a dut* -!i'! ma* ) n&#r' d <B rsa)a( vs, Sa(vad#r=, And m#r im"#rtant(*, " na( statut s -! t! r su)stantiv and r m dia( #r "r#' dura( ar , )* '#ns 'rat d ru( , t# ) stri't(* a""(i d against t! g#v rnm nt and (i) ra((* in &av#r #& t! a''us d <P #"( vs, % rrad#=, -T(% .$0.lu-+$0 +- +0%v+',@l%, '(%*%&$*%, '(,' '(% $/+--+$0 $& '(% -+90,'u*% $& '(% ,..u-%2 ,02 (+- .$u0-%l, ,- /,02,'$*+ly *%Du+*%2 @y '(% Rul%-, *%02%*- '(% S'+)ul,'+$0 $& F,.'- +0,2/+--+@l% +0

PEOPLE v PANFILO LACSON

1't#) r 2003

BULAONG v CA :PEOPLE< 181 SCRA 618 >7;IA?;7A; +anuar* 30, 1220

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari #& t! d 'isi#n #& CA FACTS $ In >ar'! 1284, " titi#n r Bu(a#ng &i( d -it! t! R%C #& Lam)a( s an a'ti#n &#r sum #& m#n * against @istan, Bu nav ntura and Sta, >aria, ?at r, @istan a(s# &i( d a '#m"(aint against Bu(a#ng &#r r s'issi#n #& '#ntra't -it! damag s, %! said 'as s - r '#ns#(idat d and ar " nding tria(, $ In N#v, 1284, Bu(a#ng &i( d a 'rimina( '#m"(aint &#r sta&a -it! t! Cit* Fis'a( #& Pasa* against @i' nt @istan and ? #nard# Bu nav ntura, %!

Criminal Procedure
%v+2%0.%# %! &a't t!at t! (a-* r #& t! a''us d, in !is m m#randum, '#n&irm d t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts d# s n#t 'ur t! d & 't ) 'aus Ru( 118 r 3uir s )#t! t! a''us d and !is '#uns ( t# sign t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts, 5!at t! "r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d !av d#n , u"#n dis'#v ring t!at t! a''us d did n#t sign t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts, as r 3uir d )* Ru( 118, -as t# su)mit vid n' t# sta)(is! t! ( m nts #& t! 'rim , inst ad #& r (*ing s#( (* #n t! su""#s d admissi#n #& t! a''us d in t! Sti"u(ati#n #& Fa'ts, 5it!#ut said vid n' ind " nd nt #& t! admissi#n, t! gui(t #& t! a''us d 'ann#t ) d m d sta)(is! d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, $C#ns 3u nt(*, und r t! 'ir'umstan' s #)taining in t!is 'as , t! nds #& /usti' r 3uir t!at vid n' ) "r s nt d t# d t rmin t! 'u("a)i(it* #& t! a''us d, 5! n a /udgm nt !as ) n nt r d )* '#ns nt #& an att#rn * -it!#ut s" 'ia( aut!#rit*, it -i(( s#m tim s ) s t asid #r r #" n d <Natividad vs, Natividad=, Dispositive 547R7F1R7, t! /udgm nt #& r s"#nd nt A"" ((at C#urt is R7@7RS7; and t!is 'as is ! r )* #rd r d R7$1P7N7; and R7>AN;7; t# t! a""r#"riat Bran'! #& t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& ?u' na Cit*, &#r &urt! r r ' "ti#n #& vid n' , S1 1R;7R7;,

a2010 page !3
'#mm#n and standard d & ns "(#* in m#st "r#s 'uti#ns &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! ;ang r#us ;rugs A't, 2, N1, $ K*0s "r mis is t!at at t! "r $tria( ! did n#t -aiv t! F#r nsi' C! mist0s t stim#n* )ut #n(* Rsti"u(at d #n t! mar.ings #& t! "r#s 'uti#n0s vid n' ,R Ind d, t! r '#rds dis'(#s t!at during t! "r $ tria(, '#ndu't d imm diat (* a&t r t! arraignm nt #n 21 N#v m) r 1225, K*, du(* r "r s nt d )* '#uns ( de parte Att*, G rard# A() rt#, and t! "r#s 'uti#n sti"u(at d #n t! mar.ings #& t! "r#s 'uti#n0s :!i)its, and agr d t# dis" ns -it! t! t stim#n* #& F#r nsi' C! mist ?#r t# F, Brav#, $ ;uring t! "r $tria(, "r#s 'uti#n and d & ns agr d t# sti"u(at #n t! mar.ings #& t! &#((#-ing "r#s 'uti#n0s :!i)its, t! r )* dis" nsing -i(( t! t stim#n* #& F#r nsi' '! mist ?#r t# 7, Brav#, $ It ma* at #n' ) n#t d t!at n it! r K* n#r !is '#uns ( mad :"r ss admissi#n t!at t! '#nt nts #& t! "(asti' )ags t# R) mar. dR '#ntain s!a)u, %!at K* agr d t# dis" ns -it! t! t stim#n* #& F#r nsi' C! mist Brav# ma* n#t ) '#nsid r d an admissi#n #& t! &indings #& Brav# #n t! '#nt nts #& t! "(asti' )ag, Stri't(*, &r#m t! t n#r #& t! a&#r 3u#t d "#rti#n #& t! +#int 1rd r, it is '( ar t!at K* and !is '#uns ( m r (* agr d t# t! mar.ing #& t! :!i)its, and t! '(aus Rt! r )* dis" nsing -it! t! t stim#n* #& &#r nsi' C! mist ?#r t# 7, Brav#R must ) und rst##d in t!at '#nt :t, $ 7v n granting &#r t! sa. #& argum nt t!at K* admitt d during t! "r $ tria( t!at t! "(asti' )ags '#ntain d s!a)u , t! admissi#n 'ann#t ) us d in vid n' against !im ) 'aus t! +#int 1rd r -as n#t sign d )* K* and !is '#uns (, S 'ti#n 4 #& Ru( 118 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt :"r ss(* "r#vid sC S7C, 40, Pre)trial agreements must be signed, N# agr m nt #r admissi#n mad #r nt r d during t! "r $tria( '#n& r n' s!a(( ) us d in vid n' against t! a''us d un( ss r du' d t# -riting and sign d and !is '#uns (, $ %! "ur"#s #& t!is r 3uir m nt is t# &urt! r sa& guard t! rig!ts #& t! a''us d against im"r#vid nt #r unaut!#ri8 d agr m nts #r admissi#ns -!i'! !is '#uns ( ma* !av nt r d int# -it!#ut !is .n#-( dg , as ! ma* !av -aiv d !is "r s n' at t! "r $tria( '#n& r n' ; (iminat an* d#u)t #n t! '#n&#rmit* #& t! a''us d t# t! &a'ts agr d u"#n, $ N v rt! ( ss, K* 'ann#t ta. advantag #& t! a)s n' #& !is and !is '#uns (0s signatur s #n t! "r tria( #rd r, %! * did n#t #)/ 't -! n t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d t! "(asti' )ags and said t!at it '#ntain d s!a)u, K* 'ann#t n#- rais it &#r t! &irst tim #n a"" a(, 1)/ 'ti#n t# vid n' 'ann#t ) rais d &#r t! &irst tim #n a"" a(, Dispositive ; 'isi#n a&&irm d in t#t#

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ %! K* )r#t! rs - r '#nvi't d #& t! 'rim s #& s" 'ia( '#m"( : 'rim #& .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n -it! !#mi'id and ra" ; and sim"( .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n, %! K* )r#t! rs '(aim t!at +am s Andr - -as #n(* 19 * ars and 262 da*s #(d at t! tim t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d, 4 ) gs ( av and "( ads t!at - admit at t!is stag #& t! "r#' dings !is C rti&i'at #& ?iv Birt! issu d )* t! NS1, and Ba"tisma( C rti&i'at , 4 "ra*s t!at !is " na(t* ) r du' d, as in t! 'as #& !is )r#t! r +am s Ant!#n*, $ Sin' t! ntr* in t! )irt! ' rti&i'at -as n#t ( gi)( , t! '#urt r 3uir d t! S#(G n t# s 'ur a '( ar and ( gi)( '#"* &r#m t! Civi( R gistrar #& C#ta)at# as - (( as t! NS1, and t! r a&t r t# &i( a '#mm nt #n t! issu #& +am s Andr -Qs min#rit*, %! d#'um nts s!#- d t!at +am s Andr - -as ind d a min#r -! n t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d, %! S#(G n r '#mm nd d t!at t! " na(t* im"#s d ) r du' d, ISSUE 51N +am s Ant!#n*Qs " na(t* s!#u(d ) r du' d ) 'aus ! -as a min#r at t! tim t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d HELD 67S Ratio Arti'( 68 #& t! RPC "r#vid sC K"#n a " rs#n #v r &i&t n and und r ig!t n * ars #& ag t! " na(t* n :t (#- r t!an t!at "r s'ri) d )* (a- s!a(( ) im"#s d, )ut a(-a*s in t! "r#" r " ri#d, %!us, t! im"#sa)( " na(t* #n +am s Andr -, )* r as#n #& !is min#rit*, is 1 d gr (#- r t!an t! statut#r* " na(t*, Reasoning - %! " na(t* &#r t! s" 'ia( '#m"( : 'rim #& .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n -it! !#mi'id and ra" ) ing d at!, #n d gr (#- r t! r &r#m is reclusion perpetua, 1n t! #t! r !and, t! " na(t* &#r sim"( .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n is reclusion perpetua t# d at!, 1n d gr (#- r t! r &r#m is reclusion temporal. %! r ) ing n# aggravating and mitigating 'ir'umstan' , t! " na(t* t# ) im"#s d #n +am s Andr - is reclusion temporal in its m dium " ri#d, A""(*ing t! Ind t rminat S nt n' ?a-, ! s!#u(d ) s nt n' d t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& 12 * ars #& prision ma'or in its ma:imum " ri#d, as minimum, t# 19 * ars #& reclusion temporal in its m dium " ri#d, as ma:imum, Dispositive %! >FR is GRAN%7;, F#r t! 'rim #& .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n -it! !#mi'id and ra" , +am s Andr - K* is s nt n' d t# r '(usi#n " r" tua; F#r t! 'rim #& sim"( .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n, t! " na(t* #& 12 * ars #& prision ma'or in its ma:imum " ri#d, as minimum, t# 19 * ars #& reclusion temporal in its m dium " ri#d, as ma:imum,

PEOPLE v UY 329 SCRA 335 ;A@I;7; >ar'! 9, 2000

FACTS $ Ram#n K* -as 'aug!t )* t! PNP in a )u* )ust #" rati#n, 3 in&#rmati#ns -as &i( d against !im &#r t! i(( ga( sa( #& 5,8564 grams #& m t!am"! tamin !*dr#'!(#rid #r Rs!a)u,R and "#ss ssi#n #& 401 grams #& t! sam drug, $ 5! n arraign d, RA>1N "( ad d n#t gui(t* in a'! 'as , ;uring t! "r $tria(, t! "arti s agr d #n a /#int tria( and t# dis" ns -it! t! t stim#n* #& F#r nsi' C! mist ?#r t# F, Brav#, %! * a(s# agr d #n t! mar.ing #& t! :!i)its &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, $ ;uring t! tria(, K* '(aim d t!at ! -as m r (* &ram d, $ %! tria( '#urt gav 'r d n' t# t! "r#s 'uti#n0s st#r* #& a ( gitimat )u* )ust and '#nvi't d !im #& 2 #& t! 3 '!arg s against !im, ISSUE 1, 51N t! r -as a ( gitimat )u* )ust 2, 51N K* agr d t# -aiv t! t stim#n* #& t! F#r nsi' C! mist during t! "r $tria( HELD 1, 67S, $ As !as ) n r " at d(* ! (d, 'r d n' s!a(( ) giv n t# t! narrati#n #& t! in'id nt )* t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s s" 'ia((* -! n t! * ar "#(i' #&&i' rs -!# ar "r sum d t# !av " r&#rm d t! ir duti s in a r gu(ar mann r, un( ss t! r ) vid n' t# t! '#ntrar*; m#r #v r in t! a)s n' #& "r##& #& m#tiv t# &a(s (* im"ut su'! a s ri#us 'rim against a"" ((ant, t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit* in t! " r&#rman' #& #&&i'ia( dut*, as - (( as t! &indings #& t! tria( '#urt #n t! 'r di)i(it* #& -itn ss s, s!a(( "r vai( #v r a"" ((ant0s s (&$s rving and un'#rr#)#rat d '(aim #& !aving ) n &ram d $ >#r #v r, t! d & ns #& d nia( #r &ram $u", (i. a(i)i, !as ) n vi - d )* t! '#urt -it! dis&av#r &#r it 'an /ust as asi(* ) '#n'#'t d and is a

PEOPLE v LARRANAGA P7R CKRIA>; +anuar* 31, 2006

NATURE >FR &i( d )* )r#t! rs +am s Ant!#n* and +am s Andr -, )#t! surnam d K*, "ra*ing &#r t! r du'ti#n #& t! " na(ti s im"#s d u"#n t! (att r #n t! gr#und t!at ! -as a min#r at t! tim t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d, FACTS

PEOPLE v 6UIAZON 98 SCRA 513 F7RNAN;1; August 31, 1299

NATURE P( a #& A'ting S#(i'it#r @i' nt > nd#8a t# a'3uit t! a''us d, FACTS $ +udgm nt #& (#- r '#urt '#nvi't d Ant#ni# Ouia8#n #& a)du'ti#n -it! ra" , A'ting S#(i'it#r G n ra( @i' nt @, > nd#8a, inst ad #& &i(ing a )ri &

Criminal Procedure
&#r a"" (( , su)mitt d a >ani& stati#n r '#mm nding t!at t! /udgm nt #& t! (#- r '#urt ) r v rs d and an#t! r ) nt r d a'3uitting !im, t! n d &#r a t!#r#ug! stud* #& t! r '#rd ) 'am vid nt, $ 7v nts start d in a '!an' n'#unt r ) t- n '#m"(ainant, @irginia Sa(a8ar d (a Cru8 <@irginia=, and a"" ((ant -!i( t! * - r "ass ng rs in a Ba(iuag %ransit )us, )#t! #& t! m ) ing r sid nts t! r #& and )#und &#r San +#s Cit*, Nu va 7'i/a, @irginia -as 3uit &ri nd(*, and during t! tri" -as ( aning #n Ouia8#n, 7n'#urag d, Ouia8#n as. d i& ! '#u(d visit ! r at !#m , @irginia said t!at inst ad t! * '#u(d m t in t! "u)(i' mar. t #& San +#s Cit*, $ %-# da*s t! r a&t r t! * m t, Ouia8#n )r#ug!t @irginia !#m and intr#du' d ! r t# !is "ar nts, ann#un'ing t!at s! -as g#ing t# ) t! ir daug!t r$in$(a-, %!at sam da* t! * !ad s :ua( int r'#urs in t! !#us #& Ouia8#n, $ A&t r t!at da*, it -as n#t un :" 't d &#r su'! intima'i s t# ) r " at d, 7v r* tim @irginia visit d Ouia8#n t! * !ad s :ua( int r'#urs , $ >a* 1293C t! a''us d -as ating in t! "u)(i' mar. t -it! !is &ri nd R#g (i# @igi(ia and t! '#m"(ainant @irginia, Sudd n(* @irginia st##d u" and ( &t t! m ) 'aus s! sa- ! r !us)and, %! &#((#-ing m#rning, -! n R#g (i# - nt t# visit !is )r#t! r$in$(a-, -!# is a n ig!)#r #& t! '#m"(ainant in Barri# A)ar, ! sa- @irginia -it! '#ntusi#ns and a s-#(( n &a' , 4 as. d !is )r#t! r$in$(a- -!at !ad !a"" n d, and -as t#(d t!at '#m"(ainantQs !us)and !ad ) at n ! r, $ Ouia8#n and @irgina s (d#m sa- a'! #t! r a&t r t! &#rm r ( arn d #& t! (att r0s marriag , 4#- v r, t! * -r#t a'! #t! r ( tt rs, and v n sa- a'! #t! r #n '#unt( ss #''asi#ns a&t r t! .n#-( dg r garding t! marriag sur&a' d, $ >ani& stati#nC R%! '#m"(ainant !ad ar(i r intr#du' d ! rs (& t# t! a''us d as a -id#-, Ant#ni# did n#t .n#- t!at @irginia -as in &a't marri d, unti( s#m tim during t! &irst - . #& >a*, 1293 -! n t! * - r ating at t! r staurant, 5! n ! ( arn d t!at s! -as marri d, ! t#(d ! r t# av#id !im, )ut s! ans- r d t!at s! '#u(d n#t, ) 'aus s! (#v d !im, Ant#ni# did n#t a(s# tr* t# av#id ! r ) 'aus ! (#v d ! r :::B 7v n Ouia8#n0s "ar nts #)/ 't d t# t! r (ati#ns!i", )ut t# n# avai(, $ %# av#id ) ing &#und #ut, Ouia8#n and @irginia trav ( d &r#m )arri# t# )arri# unti( t! * r a'! d Barri# Arm nia in %ar(a', -! r t! * sta* d &#r m#r t!an a - ., 5!i( #n t! ir -a* t# t! v#ting "r 'in't -!i'! -as n ar a P,C, ; ta'!m nt, a P, C, s#(di r, Sgt, ;at#n, st#"" d t! m ) 'aus ! n#ti' d t!at t! * - r n - in t! "(a' , %! P, C, 1&&i' r as. d ! r -! t! r Ant#ni# Ouia8#n -as ! r !us)and, and s! ans- r d in t! n gativ , At t! P,C, 4 ad3uart rs, @irginia -as as. d -!# ! r !us)and -as, and s! ans- r t!at ! r !us)and is Sgt, Gaud n'i# d (a Cru8, an arm* man, It -as t! n -! n t! P,C, s#(di rs ) 'am int r st d in as.ing ! r -!* s! -as in %ar(a', %! '#m"(ainant ans- r d t!at s! -as )r#ug!t t! r )* t! a''us d and t!at Ant#ni# a)du't d and ra" d ! r, $ In Ca)anatuan Cit* t! a''us d Ant#ni# -as d tain d in /ai(, )* virtu #& t! '#m"(aint )r#ug!t )* @irginia against !im, 5! n ! -as in /ai(, @irginia visit d !im, S! a"#(#gi8 d t# !im and t#(d !im t!at s! did n#t -ant -!at !ad !a"" n d t# !im, )ut s! !ad t# d# it ) 'aus s! -as a&raid #& ! r !us)and, ISSUE 51N Ouia8#n is guit* #& a)du'ti#n -it! ra" ,

a2010 page !4
HELD N1, !is gui(t -as n#t "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, and a''#rding t# t! >ani& stati#n #& t! A'ting S#(i'it#r G n ra(, t! vid n' su""#rts Ouia8#n0s inn#' n' , Ratio 1n(* i& t! /udg ) (#- and t! a"" ((at tri)una( '#u(d arriv at a '#n'(usi#n t!at t! 'rim !as ) n '#mmitt d "r 'is (* )* t! " rs#n #n tria( und r su'! an :a'ting t st s!#u(d t! s nt n' ) #n #& '#nvi'ti#n, It is t!us r 3uir d t!at v r* 'ir'umstan' &av#ring !is inn#' n' ) du(* ta. n int# a''#unt, %! "r##& against !im must surviv t! t st #& r as#n; t! str#ng st sus"i'i#n must n#t ) " rmitt d t# s-a* /udgm nt, %! '#ns'i n' must ) satis&i d t!at #n t! d & ndant '#u(d ) (aid t! r s"#nsi)i(it* &#r t! #&& ns '!arg d; t!at n#t #n(* did ! " r" trat t! a't )ut t!at it am#unt d t# a 'rim , >#ra( ' rtaint* is r 3uir d, Reasoning $ A*'# B, S%.'+$0 41 :2< <C#nstituti#n= AI0 ,ll .*+/+0,l )*$-%.u'+$0-, '(% ,..u-%2 -(,ll @% )*%-u/%2 +00$.%0' u0'+l '(% .$0'*,*y +- )*$v%2 CCCP $ It is "r 'is (* ) 'aus #& su'! n#t#ri#us (a'. #& an* " rsuasiv &#r' in t! t stim#n* #& '#m"(ainant t!at t! >ani& stati#n ass rt d m#st m"!ati'a((* t!at a"" ((ant '#u(d r (* #n t! '#nstituti#na( "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' , #n #& t! m#st va(ua)( rig!ts #& an a''us d " rs#n $ %! '#m"(ainant a(( g s t!at #n +u(* 3, 1293 t! a''us d, -!#m t! '#m"(ainant !ad n v r m t ) &#r , sudd n(* gra)) d ! r -!i( s! -as in t! "u)(i' mar. t #& San +#s Cit* and &#r' d ! r t# )#ard a tri'*'( , %! n ! t##. ! r t# t! !#us #& !is "ar nts -! r ! ravis! d ! r, %! a)du'ti#n #''urr d in )r#ad da*(ig!t, #r at a)#ut 10C00 in t! m#rning, %! im"r#)a)i(it* #& t! '#m"(ainantQs '!arg is imm diat (* visi)( &r#m t! tim and (#'us -! r t! 'rim -as su""#s d t# !av ) n '#mmitt d, %! mar. t, ) ing a "u)(i' "(a' , -as at its )usi st at 10 in t! m#rning, @irginia -as a(s# -it! a ni ' at t! tim , An* '#mm#ti#n -#u(d asi(* attra't att nti#n, In additi#n, t! r -as a "#(i' #ut"#st n ar t! mar. t, Dispositive ; 'isi#n is r v rs d, and t! a''us d is a'3uitt d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

U"ar, 4C in t! v nt said m"(#* s ar &#und inn#' nt )* t! '#urts, t! C1>PAN6 agr s t# r instat t! m t# t! ir r s" 'tiv /#)s -it! )a'. -ag s minus -!at v r arnings t! * arn d during t! " ri#d #& sus" nsi#n; #t! r-is , i& &#und gui(t* t! * s!a(( r main dismiss d; $A&t r tria(, t! >%C >a.ati &#und Casti((# gui(t* #& s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s, $CFI Ri8a( dismiss d t! 'as <N#v m) r 28, 1266= ) 'aus '#m"(ainant &ai( d t# a"" ar at t! s'! du( d tria(, $Casti((# as. d &#r r instat m nt and )a'. -ag s, 5! n FI?%7J "aid n# ! ad t# !is d mands, ! institut d a'ti#n in CFI Ri8a(, '(aiming t!at dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as /usti&i d !is r instat m nt and "a*m nt #& )a'. -ag s, "ursuant t# "aragra"! 4 #& t! AR turn t# 5#r. Agr m nt,B $FI?%7J &i( d m#ti#n t# dismiss; gr#undsC (a'. #& 'aus #& a'ti#n and -ant #& /urisdi'ti#n, t! 'as ) ing a(( g d(* -it!in t! :'(usiv /urisdi'ti#n #& CIR, %!is m#ti#n -as d ni d, $Pr $tria(C t! "arti s d &in d t! "rin'i"a( issu AIs Casti((# ntit( d t# r instat m nt and )a'. -ag s a&t r t! dismissa( #& t! '!arg against !im in a''#rdan' -it! "ar, 4 #& t! RR turn t# 5#r. Agr m ntHB $Cas -as su)mitt d &#r d 'isi#n #n t! )as s #& t! "arti s0 m m#randa and sti"u(ati#n #& &a'ts, CFI Ri8a( dismiss d Casti((#0s '#m"(aint, and #rd r d !im t# "a* FI?%7J P1t!#u as att#rn *Qs & s, "(us '#sts, R as#ningC CFI Ri8a(0s dismissa( #& t! 'as -as #n(* ) 'aus #& t! &ai(ur #& t! '#m"(ainant t# a"" ar at t! s'! du( d tria(, %! agr m nt t# r instat an m"(#* :"r ss(* stat s t!at t! r must ) a &inding #& inn#' n' )* t! '#urts, It did n#t sti"u(at t!at t! 'as s!#u(d ) dismiss d, $4 n' , t!is a"" a(, ISSUE 51N Casti((# is ntit( d t# r instat m nt and )a'.-ag s HELD 67S, Since the criminal case "as ultimately dismissed( the constitutional presumption o innocence in avor o the appellant should !e applied# Castillos innocence need no longer !e proved( since under the undamental la" his innocence is presumed# $5!i( it is tru t!at Casti((# -as '#nvi't d #& t! #&& ns #& s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s )* >%C >a.ati, it is undis"ut d t!at #n a"" a(, CFI Ri8a( dismiss d t! 'as &#r &ai(ur #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s t# a"" ar, $RAC Rule 7DC& !ec P Trial de novo on appeal. An appealed case shall be tried in all respects anew in the courts of first instance as if it had been originall' instituted in that court. $A""(*ing t!is ru( , t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n r nd r d )* >%C >a.ati -as va'at d u"#n " r& 'ti#n #& t! a"" a(, t# ) tri d d n#v# in t! CFI as i& it - r #rigina((* institut d t! r in, %! "!ras Rt# va'at R a""(i d t# a /udgm nt m ans Rt# annu(, t# r nd r v#id,R $People vs. Drama'o The starting point is the constitutional presumption of innocence ) a right safeguarded the accused , A''usati#n is n#t, a''#rding t# t! &undam nta( (a-, s*n#n*m#us -it! gui(t, It is in'um) nt #n t! "r#s 'uti#n t# d m#nstrat t!at 'u("a)i(it* (i s, Guilt must be shown be'ond reasonable doubt. %# su'! a standard t!is C#urt !as a(-a*s ) n '#mmitt d, $%! r is n d &#r t! m#st 'ar &u( s'rutin* #& t! t stim#n* #& t! stat , )#t! #ra( and d#'um ntar*, ind " nd nt(* #& -!at v r d & ns is #&& r d )* t! a''us d, 1n(* i& t! /udg ) (#- and t! a"" ((at tri)una( '#u(d arriv at a '#n'(usi#n t!at t! 'rim !ad ) n '#mmitt d "r 'is (* )*

CASTILLO v FILTE; 124 SCRA 200 7SC1?IN; S "t m) r 30, 1283

NATURE A"" a( &r#m CFI Ri8a( d 'isi#n FACTS $Art mi# Casti((#, an m"(#* #& FI?%7J and a m m) r #& t! Sama!an ng >a(a*a >anggaga-a sa Fi(t : <FF5=, -as '!arg d t#g t! r -it! #t! rs in t! >%C >a.ati -it! t! #&& ns #& s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s, &#r !is a(( g d inv#(v m nt in a mau(ing and s!ining in'id nt -!i'! #''urr d s#m tim in +u(* 1264 at t! ! ig!t #& a stri. 'a(( d )* t! SA>A4AN, ;uring t! " nd n'* #& t! 'as , Casti((# -as sus" nd d &r#m !is /#), $+u(* 8, 1264C FI?%7J and SA>A4AN nt r d int# a AR turn 5#r. Agr m ntBC U"ar, 3C '#m"an* m"(#* s against -!#m '#urt 'as s ar &i( d #r t# ) &i( d, s!a(( ) sus" nd d )* t! '#m"an* u"#n &i(ing #& su'! 'as s )* t! &is'a( -it! t! "r#" r '#urts &#r as (#ng as t! said 'as s s!a(( r main " nding in '#urt

Criminal Procedure
" rs#n #n tria( und r su'! an :a'ting t st '#u(d s nt n' ) #n #& '#nvi'ti#n, $It is t!us re$uired that ever' circumstance favoring his innocence be dul' taken into account. The proof against him must survive the test of reasonthe strongest suspicion must not be permitted to swa' judgment. %! '#ns'i n' must ) satis&i d t!at #n t! d & ndant '#u(d ) (aid t! r s"#nsi)i(it* &#r t! #&& ns '!arg d; t!at n#t #n(* did ! " r" trat t! a't )ut t!at it am#unt d t# a 'rim , S# it !as ) n ! (d &r#m t! 1203 d 'isi#n #& Jnited !tates v. Re'es. Interpretation o par# B o Return to @orC 5greement $FI?%7JC said "aragra"! r 3uir s an :"r ss &inding #& inn#' n' )* t! '#urt in #rd r t# ntit( an m"(#* t# r instat m nt and )a'. -ag s; n# su'! &inding #& inn#' n' !ad ) n mad ) 'aus t! 'rimina( 'as -as dismiss d #n a m r t '!ni'a(it*; int r"r tati#n #& said agr m nt s!#u(d n#t ) str t'! d t# in'(ud a Rm r "r sum"ti#n #& inn#' n' und r t! (a-,R $SCC C#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n #n "r#t 'ti#n t# (a)#r '#nstrains '#urts t# int r"r t t! agr m nt in 3u sti#n in &av#r #& t! '(aim #& t! (a)#r r and against t!at #& manag m nt, %!#s -!# ar ( ss &#rtunat in t rms #& '#n#mi' - (($) ing s!#u(d ) giv n "r & r ntia( att nti#n, Stat 0s #)(igati#n t# "r#t 't (a)#r is - (&ar stat '#n' "t vita(i8 d, <Art, 4, ?a)#r C#d , Art, 1900, NCC, `a` ! ! I = Dispositive CFI Ri8a( d 'isi#n s t asid , R mand t# ?a)#r Ar)it r #& N?RC &#r d t rminati#n #& t! am#unt #& )a'. -ag s,

a2010 page !5
HELD 67S, %! C#nstituti#n r 3uir s t!at t! a''us d ) arraign d s# t!at ! ma* ) in&#rm d as t# -!* ) -as indi't d and -!at " na( #&& ns ! !as t# &a' , t# ) '#nvi't d #n(* #n a s!#-ing t!at !is gui(t is s!#-n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t -it! &u(( #""#rtunit* t# dis"r#v t! vid n' against !im, $ It is at t!at stag #& arraignm nt -! r in t! m#d and mann r r 3uir d )* t! Ru( s, an a''us d, &#r t! &irst tim , is grant d t! #""#rtunit* t# .n#- t! "r 'is '!arg t!at '#n&r#nts !im, It is im" rativ t!at ! is t!us mad &u((* a-ar #& "#ssi)( (#ss #& &r d#m, v n #& !is (i& d " nding #n t! natur #& t! 'rim im"ut d t# !im, At t! v r* ( ast t! n, ! must ) &u((* in&#rm d #& -!* t! "r#s 'uting arm #& t! stat is m#)i(i8 d against !im, It is a vita( as" 't #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!ts guarant d !im, It is n#t us ( ss &#rma(it*, mu'! ( ss an id( ' r m#n*, $ P titi#n r -as n#t arraign d at a(( and -as n#t r "r s nt d )* '#uns ( t!r#ug!#ut t! -!#( "r#' dings in t! r s"#nd nt Cit* C#urt, It is indis"uta)( t! n t!at t! r -as a d nia( #& " titi#n rQs '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, $ An 3ua((* &ata( d & 't in t! "r#' ding !ad ) &#r r s"#nd nt +udg S nining -as t!at n#t-it!standing its ) ing '#ndu't d in t! a)s n' #& " titi#n r, ! -as '#nvi't d, It -as s!#-n t!at a&t r #n "#st"#n m nt du t# !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar, t! 'as -as r s t &#r ! aring, 5! n t!at dat 'am , -it!#ut " titi#n r ) ing "r s nt, a(t!#ug! !is )#ndsman - r n#ti&i d, r s"#nd nt +udg , as s t &#rt! in t! '#mm nt #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, Ra((#- d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its vid n' , %! r u"#n, r s"#nd nt Cit* C#urt "r#mu(gat d t! d 'isi#n, $ It is t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! a''us d t# ) ! ard in !is d & ns ) &#r s nt n' is "r#n#un' d #n !im, Su'! R'#nstituti#na( rig!t is invi#(at ,R %! r is n# d#u)t t!at it '#u(d ) -aiv d, )ut ! r t! r -as n# su'! -aiv r, -! t! r :"r ss #r im"(i d, $ %! "r#visi#n in t! "r s nt C#nstituti#n a((#-ing tria( t# ) ! (d in a)s ntia is unavai(ing, It 'ann#t /usti&* t! a'tuati#n #& r s"#nd nt +udg S nining, Its (anguag is '( ar and :"(i'it, 5!at is m#r , it is mandat#r*, %!usC R4#- v r, a&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d,R As "#int d #ut t! n )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, t! indis" nsa)( r 3uisit &#r tria( in a)s ntia is t!at it s!#u(d '#m Ra&t r arraignm nt,R $ 5it!#ut t! a''us d !aving ) n arraign d, it ) '#m s a'ad mi' t# dis'uss t! a""(i'a)i(it* #& t!is :' "ti#n t# t! )asi' '#nstituti#na( rig!t t!at t! a''us d s!#u(d ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, $ %! a"" a( t# t! C#urt #& First Instan' "r sid d )* r s"#nd nt +udg > nd#8a did n#t "#ss ss an* 'urativ as" 't, R s"#nd nt '#nsid r d t! a"" a( ta. n )* t! " titi#n r as -aiv r #& t! d & 'ts in t! "r#' dings in t! r s"#nd nt Cit* C#urt, $ Pr 'is (*, t! a"" a( its (& is tantam#unt t# 3u sti#ning t!#s d & 'ts, In &a't, t! > m#randum in su""#rt #& t! a"" a( unmista.a)(* rais d as rr#r t! a)s n' #& " titi#n r at t! arraignm nt and 'it d /uris"rud n' , '#mm ntari s and t! ru( s t# )#(st r !is "#siti#n, S" 'i&i'a((*, t! a)s n' #& an arraignm nt 'an ) inv#. d at an*tim in vi - #& t! r 3uir m nts #& du "r#' ss t# nsur a &air and im"artia( tria(, Dispositive %! " titi#n -as grant d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

PEOPLE v ALICANDO 251 SCRA 223 PKN1; ; ' m) r 12, 1225
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi FACTS $ A(i'and# -as '!arg d #& ra" -it! !#mi'id &#r t! d at! #& S!a8i P n 'i((a #n +un 12, 1224 in I(#i(# Cit*, In t! "r#' ss #& ra"ing S!a8i , ! '!#. d ! r t!us 'ausing ! r d at!, U S!a8i 0s &at! r R#m # -as !aving a drin. -it! t-# &ri nds in R#m #0s !#us , A(i'and# v ntua((* /#in d t! m, At ar#und 4C30 P>, R#m #0s &ri nds ( &t, U At ar#und 5C30 P>, R )ada, #n #& P n 'i((a0s n ig!)#rs, s"#tt d S!a8i )* t! -ind#- #& A(i'and#0s !#us , S!a8i #&& r d t# )u* * mas &r#m R )ada )ut A(i'and# '(#s d t! -ind#-, R )ada t! n ! ard S!a8i 'r*ing s# s! a""r#a'! d t! !#us and sa- t!r#ug! an #" ning ) t- n t! &(##r and t! d##r t!at S!a8i -as ) ing ra" d, U S!a8i did n#t '#m !#m s# R#m # and !is -i& (##. d &#r ! r, R )ada did n#t t (( t! m -!at s! sa-, U In t! m#rning, S!a8i 0s '#r"s -as &#und und r t! !#us #& Santiag#, an#t! r n ig!)#r, R )ada t! n t#(d t! P n 'i((as -!at s! .n -, U A(i'and# -as arr st d and ! r v r)a((* '#n& ss d !is gui(t t# P13 %an -it!#ut t! assistan' #& '#uns (, Bas d #n !is '#n& ssi#n and &#((#-$u" int rr#gati#ns, S!a8i 0s s(i"" rs - r r '#v r d &r#m A(i'and#0s !#m a(#ng -it! a stain d %$s!irt and "i((#-, $ +un 22, 1224 N A(i'and# -as arraign d and "( ad d gui(t*, A&t r t! "( a #& gui(t, t! tria( '#urt #rd r d t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt its vid n' , $ +u(* 20, 1224 N %! tria( '#urt s nt n' d A(i'and# t# d at! )* ( 'tri' '!air #r, i& t! " na( &a'i(iti s -#u(d ) avai(a)( )* t! n, )* gas "#is#ning, ISSUE 51N t! a''us d -as "r#" r(* m t d t! s nt n' #& d at! HELD N1 1, Arraignm nt #& t! a''us d -as nu(( and v#id Ratio ;uring arraignm nt, t! '#m"(aint #r t! in&#rmati#n s!#u(d ) r ad in a (anguag #r dia( 't -!i'! t! a''us d und rstands, Reasoning $ %! tria( /udg &ai( d t# &#((#- t! "r#' dur #ut(in d in Ru( 116 #& t! R#C, $ %! in&#rmati#n -as -ritt n in 7ng(is! and it -as un.n#-n -! t! r #r n#t t! a''us d '#u(d und rstand 7ng(is! - ((, It '#u(d n#t ) said -it! ' rtaint* t!at t! a''us d -as in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, 2, %! "( a #& gui(t -as nu(( and v#id, Ratio Ru( 116, S ', 3 "r#vid s t!at in a "( a #& gui(t, t! '#urt s!#u(d as' rtain t!at t! a''us d v#(untari(* nt r d int# t! "( a and &u((* '#m"r ! nds t! rami&i'ati#ns #& su'! a "( a and, in additi#n, t!

BORJA v MENDOZA 99 SCRA 422 F7RNAN;1; +un 20, 1299

FACTS $ N#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& an arraignm nt #& " titi#n r >anu ( B#r/a, a''us d #& s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s, r s"#nd nt +udg R#mu(# R, S nining "r#' d d -it! t! tria( in a)s ntia and &#und t! a''us d gui(t* #& su'! #&& ns , $ An a"" a( -as &i( d in t! CFI #& C )u "r sid d )* r s"#nd nt +udg Ra&a ( %, > nd#8a, $ It -as t! n a(( g d t!at -it!#ut an* n#ti' t# " titi#n r and -it!#ut r 3uiring !im t# su)mit !is m m#randum, a d 'isi#n #n t! a"" a( d 'as -as r nd r d a&&irming t! /udgm nt #& t! Cit* C#urt, Petitioners Claim It is t! '#nt nti#n #& " titi#n r t!at t! &ai(ur t# arraign !im is vi#(ativ #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, m#r s" 'i&i'a((* #& !is rig!t t# ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im and #& !is rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, $ %! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, -! n as. d t# '#mm nt, agr d t!at t! "r#' dura( d & 't -as #& su'! gravit* as t# r nd r v#id t! d 'isi#n #& t! Cit* C#urt a&&irm d )* t! C#urt #& First Instan' , %! '#mm nt -as '#nsid r d as ans- r, -it! t! 'as ) ing su)mitt d &#r d 'isi#n, ISSUE 51N t! a''us d0s '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# "r#' dura( du "r#' ss -as vi#(at d,

Criminal Procedure
"r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d a(s# ) r 3uir d t# "r#v !is gui(t and t! "r 'is d gr #& 'u("a)i(it*, Reasoning $ %!is ru( is a r stat m nt #& t! d#'trin (aid d#-n in People vs. Apduhan. %! s ar'!ing in3uir* #& t! tria( '#urt must ) &#'us d #nC <1= t! v#(untarin ss #& t! "( a, and <2= t! &u(( '#m"r ! nsi#n #& t! '#ns 3u n' s #& t! "( a, $ %! 3u sti#ns #& t! tria( '#urt &ai( d t# s!#- t! v#(untarin ss #& t! "( a #& gui(t #& t! a"" ((ant n#r did t! 3u sti#ns d m#nstrat a"" ((antQs &u(( '#m"r ! nsi#n #& t! '#ns 3u n' s #& !is "( a, U %! r '#rds d# n#t '( ar(* i((ustrat t! " rs#na(it* "r#&i( #& t! a''us d, U %! ag , s#'i#$ '#n#mi' status and du'ati#na( )a'.gr#und #& t! a''us d - r n#t :amin d, U 5it! r gard t# v#(untarin ss, 3u sti#ns r garding t! "r s n' #r a)s n' #& ma(tr atm nt #& t! a''us d ar d m d insu&&i'i nt -! n a r '#rd #& v nts in t! " na( &a'i(it* indi'at t!at A(i'and# su&& r d a ! mat#ma &r#m ) ing (#'. d u" in a ' (( -it! vi#( nt inmat s u"#n !is arr st, U 5it! r gard t# '#m"r ! nsi#n, t! tria( '#urt inad 3uat (* -arn d A(i'and# t!at a "( a #& gui(t -#u(d r su(t t# a mandat#r* #& " na(t* #& d at! -it!#ut :"(aining t# !im -!at mandat#r* m ant, $ %! ru( r 3uir s t!at a&t r a &r and int ((ig nt "( a #& gui(t t! tria( '#urt must r 3uir t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#v t! gui(t #& t! a"" ((ant and t! "r 'is d gr #& !is 'u("a)i(it* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, Ru( 116, S ', 3 m#di&i s "ri#rituis "rud n' t!at a "( a #& gui(t v n in 'a"ita( #&& ns s is su&&i'i nt t# sustain a '#nvi'ti#n '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n -it!#ut n d #& &urt! r "r##&, 3, S#m "r#s 'uti#n vid n' , #&& r d ind " nd nt(* #& t! "( a #& gui(t #& t! a"" ((ant, - r inadmissi)( , * t - r '#nsid r d )* t! tria( '#urt '#nvi'ting t! a"" ((ant, Ratio >Fruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr B d#'trin C #n' t! "rimar* s#ur' <t! Rtr R= is s!#-n t# !av ) n un(a-&u((* #)tain d, an* s '#ndar* #r d rivativ vid n' <t! R&ruitR= d riv d &r#m it is a(s# inadmissi)( , In #t! r -#rds, i(( ga((* s i8 d vid n' is #)tain d as a dir 't r su(t #& t! i(( ga( a't, -! r as t! R&ruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr R is t! indir 't r su(t #& t! sam i(( ga( a't, %! R&ruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr R is at ( ast #n' r m#v d &r#m t! i(( ga((* s i8 d vid n' , )ut it is 3ua((* inadmissi)( , Reasoning $ %! ru( is )as d #n t! "rin'i"( t!at vid n' i(( ga((* #)tain d )* t! Stat s!#u(d n#t ) us d t# gain #t! r vid n' ) 'aus t! #rigina((* i(( ga((* #)tain d vid n' taints a(( vid n' su)s 3u nt(* #)tain d, $ %! C#urt admitt d as vid n' t! t!ings s i8 d in A(i'and#0s !#us , %! s ar inadmissi)( vid n' &#r t! * - r gat! r d )* P13 %an #& as a r su(t #& 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n -! r a"" ((ant v r)a((* '#n& ss d t# t! 'rim -it!#ut t! ) n &it #& '#uns (, $ %!is is in vi#(ati#n #& Art, 3, S ', 12 #& t! 1289 C#nstituti#n -!i'! r 3uir s t! assistan' #& '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d as - (( as "r#vid s &#r t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# r main si( nt and t# ) in&#rm d #& t! natur #& t! a''usati#n against !im and t!at t! s rig!ts 'ann#t ) -aiv d su)/ 't t# :' "ti#ns, A vi#(ati#n #& t!is "r#visi#n r nd rs t! vid n' gat! r d inadmissi)( , $ 7v n i& t! vid n' gat! r d - r admissi)( , t! * ar sti(( insu&&i'i nt as vid n' ,

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U %! a(( g d )(##dstains #n t! "i((#- and s!irt - r n v r "r#v n -it! (a)#rat#r* t sts, U %! r -as n# t stim#n* t!at t! s!irt in 3u sti#n -as -#rn )* t! a''us d -! n ! '#mmitt d t! 'rim , It -as n#t unnatura( &#r !im t# !av a s!irt -it! )(##dstains ) 'aus ! -as a )ut'! r, $ %! )urd n t# "r#v t!at an a''us d -aiv d !is rig!t t# r main si( nt and t! rig!t t# '#uns ( ) &#r ma.ing a '#n& ssi#n und r 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n r sts -it! t! "r#s 'uti#n, It is a(s# t! )urd n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# s!#- t!at t! vid n' d riv d &r#m '#n& ssi#n is n#t taint d as R&ruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr ,R Dispositive %! ; 'isi#n '#nvi'ting a''us d #& t! 'rim #& Ra" -it! 4#mi'id and s nt n'ing !im t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& d at! is annu(( d and s t asid and t! 'as is r mand d t# t! tria( '#urt &#r &urt! r "r#' dings,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! "( a ! -as ma.ing, 4 -as as. d a num) r #& tim s i& ! -as sur #& t! "( a ! -as ma.ing, U %! r '#rds &ai( t# indi'at t!at a"" ((ant 3u sti#n d !is "( a #& gui(t* at an* stag #& t! tria(, 4 did n#t "ut u" an* d & ns -it! r gard t# t! vid n' and t! t stim#ni s and v n dir 't d t! "#(i' t# t! (#'ati#n #& t! vid n' , U %! a''us d0s si( n' 'an '#unt r t! ass rti#n #& t! C#urt t!at t! "( a #& gui(t -as im"r#vid nt, Si( n' is ass nt as - (( as '#ns nt, and ma*, -! r a dir 't and s" 'i&i' a''usati#n #& 'rim is mad , ) r gard d und r s#m 'ir'umstan' s as a 3uasi$'#n& ssi#n, An inn#' nt " rs#n -i(( d & nd !ims (& s# si( n' 'an ) und rst##d as a " rs#n d & rring t# d# /ust t!at, U %! a)s n' #& an :tra$/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n d# s n#t d tra't &r#m t! &&i'a'* #r va(idit* #& a"" ((antQs "( a #& gui(t*, It d# s n#t a&& 't t! r 3uir m nt '#m" ((ing t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#v t! gui(t #& t! a''us d and t! "r 'is d gr #& !is 'u("a)i(it*, N#-! r in t! ru( s d# s it stat t!at an :tra$/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n is a "r r 3uisit &#r a '#nvi'ti#n )as d #n a "( a #& gui(t*, $ %! "!*si'a( vid n' #)/ 't d t# &a((s und r t! :'(usi#nar* ru( , U %! 1289 C#nstituti#nQs :'(usi#nar* ru( s a)s#(ut (* &#r)id vid n' #)tain d &r#m i(( ga( s ar'! s and s i8ur s #r vid n' r su(ting &r#m un'#uns ( d 'ust#dia( inv stigati#ns #& a''us d individua(s, U %! d#'trin is n#t -it!#ut its :' "ti#ns, and t! vid n' in dis"ut in t! instant 'as &a((s -it!in t!#s :' "ti#ns, b %! dis'#v r* #& t! vi'timQs )#d* n ar t! !#us #& t! a''us d -#u(d !av natura((* ( d aut!#riti s t# und rta. a m#r t!#r#ug! inv stigati#n #& t! sit , "arti'u(ar(* in t!#s ar as -! r t! vi'tim -as (ast s n, b Knd r #n #& t! r '#gni8 d :' "ti#ns #& t! A&ruit #& t! "#is#n#us tr B d#'trin , t! m#r a""r#"riat 3u sti#n in su'! 'as s is -! t! r t! vid n' t# -!i'! t! #)/ 'ti#n is mad -#u(d n#t !av ) n dis'#v r d at a(( )ut &#r t! i(( ga(it* #r -#u(d !av ) n dis'#v r d an*-a* )* s#ur' s #r "r#' dur s ind " nd nt #& t! i(( ga(it*, b An#t! r :' "ti#n r &us s t# tr at t! d#'trin as a)s#(ut (* sa'r d i& t! vid n' in 3u sti#n -#u(d !av ) n in vita)(* dis'#v r d und r n#rma( '#nditi#ns, $ %! r is ad 3uat ( ga( vid n' t# sustain t! tria( '#urt0s '#nvi'ti#n -it! m#ra( ' rtaint*, %! t stim#n* #& a (#n -itn ss, &r &r#m signs #& im"r#"ri t* #r &a(s !##d, is su&&i'i nt t# '#nvi't an a''us d v n i& un'#rr#)#rat d,

SEPARATE OPINION IAPUNAN G2+--%0'H

$ %! r -as su)stantia( '#m"(ian' -it! t! r 3uir m nts &#r arraignm nt and "( a, U %! r is n#t!ing #n t! r '#rd -!i'! -#u(d -arrant a &inding t!at t! in&#rmati#n -as n#t r ad in t! (anguag #r dia( 't .n#-n t# t! a"" ((ant, U %! ru( #n arraignm nt and "( a d# s n#t a)s#(ut (* r 3uir t!at t! sam ) indi'at d in t! r '#rd #& v r* 'rimina( 'as U Ru( 116 '#ntains n#t!ing r 3uiring tria( '#urts, t# indi'at in t! r '#rd t! &a't t!at t! in&#rmati#n -as r ad in t! (anguag #r dia( 't .n#-n t# t! d & ndant v n i& t! sam -as in &a't a'tua((* '#m"(i d -it! )* t! (#- r '#urt, And * t, v n in > tr# >ani(a a(#n , #n #)s rv s t!at t! )u(. #& "r#' dings in #ur tria( '#urts, in'(uding t! "r#' ss #& arraignm nt is '#ndu't d in t! v rna'u(ar U %!r t!ings -!i'! n d t# ) a''#m"(is! d a&t r t! a''us d in a 'rimina( 'as nt rs a "( a #& gui(t* t# a 'a"ita( #&& ns , -!i'! !av a(( ) n '#m"(i d -it! in t!is 'as C 1, t! '#urt s!#u(d '#ndu't a s ar'!ing in3uir* int# t! v#(untarin ss and &u(( '#m"r ! nsi#n #& t! '#ns 3u n' s #& t! a''us dQs "( a, %! r is n# ru( #n '#ndu'ting in3uir* :' "t t!at in People vs. Da'ot& it -as ! (d t!at Aa s ar'!ing in3uir* ,,, '#m" (s t! /udg t# '#nt nt !ims (& r as#na)(* t!at t! a''us d !as n#t ) n '# r' d #r "(a' d und r a stat #& dur ss $ and t!at !is gui(t* "( a !as n#t t! r &#r ) n giv n im"r#vid nt(* $ #t! r )* a'tua( t!r ats #& "!*si'a( !arm &r#m ma( v#( nt 3uart rs #r sim"(* ) 'aus #& !is, t! +udg Qs, intimidating r#) s,B 2, t! (#- r '#urt s!#u(d r 3uir t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#v t! gui(t #& t! a''us d and t! "r 'is d gr #& !is 'u("a)i(it* 3, t! '#urt s!#u(d in3uir -! t! r #r n#t t! a''us d -is! s t# "r s nt vid n' #n !is ) !a(& and s!#u(d a((#- !im t# d# s# i& ! s# d sir s $ %! "( a #& gui(t -as n#t im"r#vid nt, U 5! n t! a"" ((ant "( ad d gui(t* in #" n '#urt, t! a"" ((ant -as '( ar(* assist d )* '#uns (, U %! tria( '#urt, #n its #-n, in &a't - nt #ut #& its -a* t# r " at d(* in&#rm t! d & ndant #& t! natur #& !is "( a and t! im"(i'ati#ns #&

A6UINO v MILITARY COMMISSION 2 63 SCRA 546 AN%1NI1; >a* 2, 1295

FACTS $ A&t r >artia( ?a- -as "r#'(aim d, B nign# A3uin# +r, -as arr st d <#n S "t 22, 1292=, "ursuant t# G n ra( 1rd r N#, 2$A #& t! Pr sid nt &#r '#m"(i'it* in a '#ns"ira'* t# s i8 "#(iti'a( and stat "#- r in t! '#untr* and t# ta. #v r t! G#v rnm nt, $ 1n S "t m) r 25, 1292, ! su d &#r a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us in -!i'! ! 3u sti#n d t! ( ga(it* #& t! "r#'(amati#n #& martia( (a- and !is arr st and d t nti#n,

Criminal Procedure
$ SC issu d a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us and ! ard t! 'as , SC dismiss d t! " titi#n and u"! (d t! va(idit* #& martia( (a- and t! arr st and d t nti#n #& " titi#n r, $ In t! "r s nt 'as , " titi#n r '!a(( ng s t! /urisdi'ti#n #& mi(itar* '#mmissi#ns t# tr* !im, a(#n #r t#g t! r -it! #t! rs, &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& &ir arms, ammuniti#n and :"(#siv s, &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! Anti$Su)v rsi#n A't and &#r murd r, $ 5! n t! "r#' dings ) &#r t! >i(itar* C#mmissi#n #" n d, " titi#n r 3u sti#n d t! &airn ss #& t! tria( and ann#un' d t!at ! did n#t -is! t# "arti'i"at in t! "r#' dings v n as ! dis'!arg d )#t! !is d & ns '#uns ( #& '!#i' and !is mi(itar* d & ns '#uns (, $ F#r t! " titi#n rQs assuran' , a S" 'ia( C#mmitt -as 'r at d t# r inv stigat t! '!arg s against " titi#n r, P titi#n r &i( d su""( m nta( " titi#n 3u sti#ning t! ( ga(it* #& t! 'r ati#n #& t! S" 'ia( C#mmitt , $ 1n >ar'! 24, 1295, " titi#n r &i( d an RKrg nt >#ti#n &#r Issuan' #& % m"#rar* R straining 1rd r Against >i(itar* C#mmissi#n N#, 2R; "ra*ing t!at said C#mmissi#n ) "r#!i)it d &r#m "r#' ding -it! t! " r" tuati#n #& t stim#n* und r its 1rd r dat d >ar'! 10, 1295, t! sam ) ing i(( ga(, unti( &urt! r #rd rs &r#m t! Su"r m C#urt, $ 1n A"ri( 14, 1295, t!is C#urt a(s# issu d a r straining #rd r against r s"#nd nt >i(itar* C#mmissi#n N#, 2, r straining it &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding -it! t! " r" tuati#n #& t stim#n* und r its 1rd r dat d >ar'! 10, 1295 unti( t! matt r is ! ard t! r t#, $ 5! n t!is 'as -as 'a(( d &#r ! aring, " titi#n rQs '#uns ( "r s nt d t# t!is C#urt a >#ti#n t# 5it!dra- t! " titi#n and a(( #t! r " nding matt rs andM#r in'id nts in '#nn 'ti#n t! r -it!, ISSUES 1, 51N t! '#urt !as /urisdi'ti#n d s"it " titi#n r0s m#ti#n t# -it!dra2, 51N >i(itar* C#mmissi#n N#, 2 !as ) n (a-&u((* '#nstitut d and va(id(* v st d -it! /urisdi'ti#n t# ! ar t! 'as s against 'ivi(ians, in'(uding t! " titi#n r, 3, 51N Administrativ 1rd r N#, 355, 'r ating t! S" 'ia( C#mmitt stri"s t! " titi#n r #& !is rig!t t# du "r#' ss 4, 51N t! d nia( t# an a''us d #& an #""#rtunit* t# 'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss s against !im in t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n '#nstitut s an in&ring m nt #& !is rig!t t# du "r#' ss, 5, 51N t! ta.ing #& t stim#ni s and d "#siti#ns - r v#id 6, 51N " titi#n r ma* va(id(* -aiv !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt at !is tria( HELD 1, 67S $ %! '#urt d ni d t! m#ti#n, sin' a(( matt rs in issu in t!is 'as !av a(r ad* ) n su)mitt d &#r r s#(uti#n, and t! * ar #& "aram#unt "u)(i' int r st, it is im" rativ t!at t! 3u sti#ns rais d )* " titi#n r #n t! '#nstituti#na(it* and ( ga(it* #& "r#' dings against 'ivi(ians in t! mi(itar* '#mmissi#ns, "ursuant t# " rtin nt G n ra( 1rd rs, Pr sid ntia( ; 'r s and ? tt rs #& Instru'ti#n, s!#u(d ) d &init (* r s#(v d, 2, 67S $ >i(itar* C#mmissi#n N#, 2 !as ) n (a-&u((* '#nstitut d and va(id(* v st d -it! /urisdi'ti#n t# ! ar t! 'as s against 'ivi(ians, in'(uding t! " titi#n r, Reasoning

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$ %! C#urt !as "r vi#us(* d '(ar d t!at t! "r#'(amati#n #& >artia( ?ais va(id and '#nstituti#na( and t!at its '#ntinuan' is /usti&i d )* t! dang r "#s d t# t! "u)(i' sa& t*, $ %# "r s rv t! sa& t* #& t! nati#n in tim s #& nati#na( " ri(, t! Pr sid nt #& t! P!i(i""in s n ' ssari(* "#ss ss s )r#ad aut!#rit* '#m"ati)( -it! t! im" rativ r 3uir m nts #& t! m rg n'*, 1n t! )asis #& t!is, ! !as aut!#ri8 d in G1 N#, 8 t! C!i & #& Sta&& #& t! AFP, t# 'r at mi(itar* tri)una(s T tr* and d 'id 'as s R#& mi(itar* " rs#nn ( and su'! #t! r 'as s as ma* ) r & rr d t# t! m,R In G1 N#, 12, t! mi(itar* tri)una(s - r v st d -it! /urisdi'ti#n R :'(usiv #& t! 'ivi( '#urtsR, am#ng #t! rs, #v r 'rim s against "u)(i' #rd r, vi#(ati#ns #& t! Anti$Su)v rsi#n A't, vi#(ati#ns #& t! (a-s #n &ir arms, and #t! r 'rim s -!i'!, in t! &a' #& t! m rg n'*, ar dir 't(* r (at d t# t! 3u ((ing #& t! r ) ((i#n and "r s rvati#n #& t! sa& t* and s 'urit* #& t! R "u)(i', $ P titi#n r is '!arg d -it! !aving '#ns"ir d -it! ' rtain mi(itar* ( ad rs #& t! '#mmunist r ) ((i#n t# #v rt!r#- t! g#v rnm nt, &urnis!ing t! m arms and #t! r instrum nts t# &urt! r t! u"rising, Knd r G1 N#, 12, /urisdi'ti#n #v r t!is #&& ns !as ) n v st d :'(usiv (* u"#n mi(itar* tri)una(s, It 'ann#t ) said t!at " titi#n r !as ) n sing( d #ut &#r tria( &#r t!is #&& ns ) &#r t! mi(itar* '#mmissi#n, Pursuant t# G1 N#, 12, a(( R'rimina( 'as s inv#(ving su)v rsi#n, s diti#n, insurr 'ti#n #r r ) ((i#n #r t!#s '#mmitt d in &urt! ran' #&, #n t! #''asi#n #&, in'id nt t# #r in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! '#mmissi#n #& said 'rim sR -!i'! - r " nding in t! 'ivi( '#urts - r #rd r d trans& rr d t# t! mi(itar* tri)una(s, %!is /urisdi'ti#n #& t! tri)una(, t! r &#r , #" rat s 3ua((* #n a(( " rs#ns in (i. 'ir'umstan' s, $ %! guarant #& du "r#' ss is n#t a guarant #& an* "arti'u(ar &#rm #& tri)una( in 'rimina( 'as s, A mi(itar* tri)una( #& '#m" t nt /urisdi'ti#n, a''usati#n in du &#rm, n#ti' and #""#rtunit* t# d & nd and tria( ) &#r an im"artia( tri)una(, ad 3uat (* m t t! du "r#' ss r 3uir m nt, ;u "r#' ss #& (a- d# s n#t n ' ssari(* m an a /udi'ia( "r#' ding in t! r gu(ar '#urts, %! "r#' dur ) &#r t! >i(itar* C#mmissi#n, as "r s'ri) d in P; N#, 32, assur s #)s rvan' #& t! &undam nta( r 3uisit s #& "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, du n#ti' , an ss ntia((* &air and im"artia( tria( and r as#na)( #""#rtunit* &#r t! "r "arati#n #& t! d & ns , $ It is ass rt d t!at " titi#n rQs tria( ) &#r t! mi(itar* '#mmissi#n -i(( n#t ) &air and im"artia(, sin' t! Pr sid nt !ad a(r ad* "r /udg d " titi#n rQs 'as s and t! mi(itar* tri)una( is a m r 'r ati#n #& t! Pr sid nt, and Rsu)/ 't t# !is '#ntr#( and dir 'ti#n,R 5 'ann#t, !#- v r, indu(g in un/usti&i d assum"ti#ns, Pr /udi' 'ann#t ) "r sum d, s" 'ia((* i& - ig! d against t! gr at '#n&id n' and trust r "#s d )* t! " #"( u"#n t! Pr sid nt and t! (att rQs ( ga( #)(igati#n und r !is #at! t# Rd# /usti' t# v r* manR, N#r is it /usti&ia)( t# '#n' iv , mu'! ( ss "r sum , t!at t! m m) rs #& t! mi(itar* '#mmissi#n, t! C!i & #& Sta&& #& t! AFP, t! B#ard #& R vi - and t! S 'r tar* #& Nati#na( ; & ns , -it! t! ir '#rr s"#nding sta&& /udg adv#'at s, as r vi -ing aut!#riti s, t!r#ug! -!#m " titi#n rQs !*"#t! ti'a( '#nvi'ti#n -#u(d ) r vi - d ) &#r r a'!ing t! Pr sid nt, -#u(d a(( ) ins nsitiv t# t! gr at "rin'i"( s #& /usti' and vi#(at t! ir r s" 'tiv #)(igati#ns t# a't &air(* and im"artia((* in t! "r mis s, %!is assum"ti#n must ) mad ) 'aus inn#' n' , n#t -r#ngd#ing, is t# ) "r sum d, 3, N1

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ It -as "r 'is (* ) 'aus #& " titi#n rQs '#m"(aint t!at ! -as d ni d t! #""#rtunit* t# ) ! ard in t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& !is '!arg s ,%! Pr sid nt 'r at d a S" 'ia( C#mmitt t# r inv stigat t! '!arg s &i( d against !im in t! mi(itar* '#mmissi#n, It is int nd d t!at t! C#mmitt s!#u(d '#ndu't t! inv stigati#n -it! Rutm#st &airn ss, im"artia(it* and #)/ 'tivit*R nsuring t# t! a''us d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# du "r#' ss, t# d t rmin -! t! r Rt! r is r as#na)( gr#und t# ) (i v t!at t! #&& ns s '!arg d - r in &a't '#mmitt d and t! a''us d is "r#)a)(* gui(t* t! r #&,R P titi#n r, !#- v r, #)/ 't d )* '!a(( nging in !is su""( m nta( " titi#n ) &#r t!is C#urt t! va(idit* #& Administrativ 1rd r N#, 355, #n t! "r t ns t!at )* su)mitting t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! S" 'ia( C#mmitt ! -#u(d ) -aiving !is rig!t t# 'r#ss$ :aminati#n ) 'aus Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 99, -!i'! a""(i s t# t! "r#' dings #& t! S" 'ia( C#mmitt , !as d#n a-a* -it! 'r#ss$ :aminati#n in "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, 4, N1 $ %! C#nstituti#n Rd# s n#t r 3uir t! !#(ding #& "r (iminar* inv stigati#ns, %! rig!t :ists #n(*, i& and -! n 'r at d )* statut ,R It is Rn#t an ss ntia( "art #& du "r#' ss #& (a-,R %! a)s n' t! r #& d# s n#t im"air t! va(idit* #& a 'rimina( in&#rmati#n #r a&& 't t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! '#urt #v r t! 'as , As a 'r ati#n #& t! statut it 'an, t! r &#r , ) m#di&i d #r am nd d )* (a-, $ It is a(s# vid nt t!at t! r is n# 'urtai(m nt #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& an a''us d " rs#n -! n ! is n#t giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# R'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss s "r s nt d against !im in t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) &#r !is arr st, t!is ) ing a matt r t!at d " nds #n t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! +udg #r inv stigating #&&i' r '#n' rn d,R 5, N1, t! ta.ing #& t! t stim#n* #r d "#siti#n -as "r#" r and va(id, $ P titi#n r d# s n#t dis"ut r s"#nd ntsQ '(aim t!at #n >ar'! 14, 1295, ! .n - #& t! #rd r a((#-ing t! ta.ing #& t! d "#siti#n #& "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s #n >ar'! 31, t# '#ntinu t!r#ug! A"ri( 1 t# 4, 1295, $ %! "r#visi#ns #& P; N#, 328, dat d 1't#) r 31, 1293, &#r t! '#nditi#na( :aminati#n #& "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s ) &#r tria(, is simi(ar t# t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 9 #& Ru( 112 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, $ In 7(ag#,t! '#urt said t!at t! #rd r #& t! '#urt aut!#ri8ing t! ta.ing #& t! d "#siti#n #& t! -itn ss s #& t! "r#s 'uti#n and &i:ing t! dat and tim t! r #& is t! #n t!at must ) s rv d #n t! a''us d -it!in a r as#na)( tim "ri#r t# t!at &i: d &#r t! :aminati#n #& t! -itn ss s s# t!at t! a''us d ma* ) "r s nt and 'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss, $ Q%! #""#rtunit* #& 'r#ss$ :aminati#n inv#(v s t-# ( m ntsC R<1= N#ti' t# t! #""#n nt t!at t! d "#siti#n is t# ) ta. n at t! tim and "(a' s" 'i&i d, and R<2= A su&&i'i nt int rva( #& tim t# "r "ar &#r :aminati#n and t# r a'! t! "(a' , R<2= %! r 3uir m nts as t# t! int rva( #& tim ar n#- v r*-! r r gu(at d )* statut V V V; t! ru(ings in r gard t# t! su&&i'i n'* #& tim ar t!us s# d " nd nt #n t! int r"r tati#n #& t! d tai( d "r s'ri"ti#ns #& t! (#'a( statut s t!at it -#u(d ) im"ra'ti'a)( t# :amin t! m ! r , But -! t! r #r n#t t! tim a((#- d -as su""#s d(* insu&&i'i nt #r -as "r 'is (* t! tim r 3uir d )* statut , t! a'tua( att ndan' #& t! "art* #)viat an* #)/ 'ti#n u"#n t! gr#und #& insu&&i'i n'*, ) 'aus t! n t! "art* !as a'tua((* !ad t!at #""#rtunit* #& 'r#ss$ :aminati#n &#r t! s#( sa. #& -!i'! t! n#ti' -as r 3uir d,R 6, 67S

Criminal Procedure
$ Knd r t! "r s nt C#nstituti#n, tria( v n #& a 'a"ita( #&& ns ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d, It is n#- "r#vid d t!at Ra&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d,R $ 1n t! )asis #& t! a&#r 'it d "r#visi#n #& t! C#nstituti#n -!i'! a((#-s tria( #& an a''us d in a)s ntia, t! issu !as ) n rais d -! t! r #r n#t " titi#n r '#u(d -aiv !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt at t! " r" tuati#n #& t stim#n* "r#' dings ) &#r r s"#nd nt C#mmissi#n, $ A- , 9%0%*,l *ul%, su)/ 't t# ' rtain :' "ti#ns, an* '#nstituti#na( #r statut#r* rig!t ma* ) -aiv d i& su'! -aiv r is n#t against "u)(i' "#(i'*, %! " rs#na( "r s n' #& t! a''us d &r#m t! ) ginning t# t! nd #& a tria( &#r & (#n*, inv#(ving !is (i& and (i) rt*, !as ) n '#nsid r d n ' ssar* and vita( t# t! "r#" r '#ndu't #& !is d & ns , %! Rtr nd #& m#d rn aut!#rit* is in &av#r #& t! d#'trin t!at a "art* in a 'rimina( 'as ma* -aiv irr gu(ariti s and rig!ts, -! t! r '#nstituti#na( #r statut#r*, v r* mu'! t! sam as in a 'ivi( 'as ,R $ %! r ar , ' rtain rig!ts s 'ur d t# t! individua( )* t! &undam nta( '!art r -!i'! ma* ) t! su)/ 't #& -aiv r, %! rig!ts #& an a''us d t# d & nd !ims (& in " rs#n and )* att#rn *, t# ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n, t# a s" d* and "u)(i' tria(, and t# m t t! -itn ss s &a' t# &a' , as - (( as t! rig!t against unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s, ar rig!ts guarant d )* t! C#nstituti#n, %! * ar rig!ts n ' ssar* it! r ) 'aus #& t! r 3uir m nts #& du "r#' ss t# nsur a &air and im"artia( tria(, #r #& t! n d #& "r#t 'ting t! individua( &r#m t! : r'is #& ar)itrar* "#- r, And * t, t! r is n# 3u sti#n t!at a(( #& t! s rig!ts ma* ) -aiv d, C#nsid ring t! a&#r 'it d "r#visi#ns #& t! C#nstituti#n and t! a)s n' #& an* (a- s" 'i&i'a((* r 3uiring !is "r s n' at a(( stag s #& !is tria(, t! r a"" ars, t! r &#r , n# (#gi'a( r as#n -!* " titi#n r, a(t!#ug! ! is '!arg d -it! a 'a"ita( #&& ns , s!#u(d ) "r '(ud d &r#m -aiving !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt in t! "r#' dings &#r t! " r" tuati#n #& t stim#n*, sin' t!is rig!t, (i. t! #t! rs a&#r stat d, -as '#n& rr d u"#n !im &#r !is "r#t 'ti#n and ) n &it, $ It is a(s# im"#rtant t# n#t t!at und r S 'ti#n 9 #& Ru( 112 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt <; "#siti#n #& -itn ss &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n= t! RFai(ur #r r &usa( #n t! "art #& t! d & ndant t# att nd t! :aminati#n #r t! ta.ing #& t! d "#siti#n a&t r n#ti' ! r in) &#r "r#vid d, s!a(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv rR $ Pr sid ntia( ; 'r N#, 328 :"r ss(* "r#vid s t!at t! &ai(ur #r r &usa( t# att nd t! :aminati#n #r t! ta.ing #& t! d "#siti#n s!a(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv r, 6

a2010 page !!
" rs#n )* t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s is n ' ssar*, I mig!t agr t# t! "r#"#siti#n #& Rt#ta(R -aiv r in an* 'as -! r t! a''us d agr s :"(i'it(* and un 3uiv#'a((* in -riting sign d )* !im #r " rs#na((* mani& sts '( ar(* and indu)ita)(* in #" n '#urt and su'! mani& stati#n is r '#rd d, t!at -! n v r a "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss m nti#ns a nam )* -!i'! t! a''us d is .n#-n t! -itn ss is r & rring t# !im and t# n# #n (s ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

s -!* an a''us d s!#u(d ) '#m" (( d t# ) "r s nt at t! tria( -! n ! "r & rs " r!a"s t! s#(itud #& !is ' (( t# "ra* it! r &#r &#rgiv n ss, i& ! .n#-s ! is gui(t*, #r, i& ! is inn#' nt, &#r G#d t# i((umin t! '#urt s# t! r -#u(d ) un rring /usti' in !is 'as , <! ! ! = $ >* und rstanding is t!at t! "r#)( m #& id nti&i'ati#n #& an a''us d ma* ) ad 3uat (* s#(v d -it!#ut vi#(ating t! /usti&i d -is! s #& t! a''us d t# ) ( &t a(#n , %# start -it!, i& ! is r & rr d t# )* t! -itn ss s #& t! "r#s 'uti#n )* nam , t! '#urt ma* "r sum t!at t! amus d -!# !as a'.n#-( dg d !is tru nam at t! arraignm nt is t! #n indi'at d,

TEEHANIEE G2+--%0'H
$ P titi#n r0s "r s n' at t! "r#' dings '#u(d n#t ) '#m" (( d )* virtu #& !is :"r ss -aiv r t! r #& as :"(i'it(* a((#- d )* t! C#nstituti#n and )* P,;, N#, 328 its (&, $ P titi#n rQs su)mitta( t!at ! 'ann#t ) '#m" (( d t# ) "r s nt at t! "r#' dings v n against !is -i(( )* virtu #& !is :"r ss -aiv r is m rit#ri#us, 5! r as "r vi#us(* su'! rig!t #& -aiv r #& t! a''us dQs "r s n' in 'rimina( "r#' dings -as g n ra((* r '#gni8 d sav in 'a"ita( 'as s <( ading t# t! sus" nsi#n #& tria( -! n v r t! a''us d -as at (arg = #r -! r t! a''us d -as in 'ust#d* a(t!#ug! &#r a n#n$'a"ita( #&& ns , t! 1293 C#nstituti#n n#- un3ua(i&i d(* " rmits tria( in a)s ntia v n #& 'a"ita( 'as s, and "r#vid s t!at Ra&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d,R t!us r '#gni8ing t! rig!t #& an a''us d t# -aiv !is "r s n' , P,;, N#, 328 und r -!i'! t! " r" tuati#n "r#' dings ar ) ing '#ndu't d in mi(itar* '#mmissi#ns <as t! '#unt r"art ru( &#r simi(ar "r#' dings ) &#r t! r gu(ar 'ivi( '#urts, as "r#vid d in Ru( 112, s 'ti#n 9 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt= :"(i'it(* "r#vid s t!at a&t r r as#na)( n#ti' t# an a''us d t# att nd t! " r" tuati#n "r#' dings, t! d "#siti#n )* 3u sti#n and ans- r #& t! -itn ss ma* "r#' d in t! a''us dQs a)s n' and Rt! &ai(ur #r r &usa( t# att nd t! :aminati#n #r t! ta.ing #& t! d "#siti#n s!a(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv r,R %!us, an a''us dQs rig!t #& t#ta( -aiv r #& !is "r s n' it! r :"r ss(* #r im"(i d(* )* un/usti&i d &ai(ur #r r &usa( t# att nd t! "r#' dings is n#- :"(i'it(* r '#gni8 d and ! 'ann#t ) '#m" (( d t# ) "r s nt as against !is :"r ss -aiv r,

BORJA v MENDOZA DSKPRA, PAG7 98E PEOPLE v PRESIDING JUDGE OF URDANETA 125 SCRA 262 R7?1@A; 1't#) r 26, 1283
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari FACTS $ Privat r s"#nd nt R#d#(&# @a(d 8, +r, is '!arg d -it! murd r ) &#r t! R%C #& Pangasinan, in Krdan ta, 4 is #ut #n a P30,000,00 )ai( )#nd -!i'! '#ntains t! &#((#-ing '#nditi#nsC %! a&#r nam d, as )#ndsm n, ! r )* /#int(* and s v ra((* und rta. t!at the above)mentioned defendant& as principal therein will appear and answer the charge above)mentioned in whatever Court it ma' be tried& and will at all times hold himself amenable to the orders and processes of the Court& and i& '#nvi't d, -i(( a"" ar &#r /udgm nt, and r nd r !ims (& t# t! : 'uti#n t! r #&; #r t!at i& ! &ai(s t# " r&#rm an* #& t! s '#nditi#ns -i(( "a* t# t! R "u)(i' #& t! P!i(i""in s t! sum #& %!irt* %!#usand P s#s <P30,000,00= ,,, $ A&t r !is arraignm nt, @a(d 8, t!ru !is '#uns (, mani& st d #ra((* in #" n '#urt t!at ! -as -aiving !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt during t! tria(, %! "r#s 'uting &is'a( m#v d t!at @a(d 8 ) '#m" (( d t# a"" ar and ) "r s nt at t! tria( s# t!at ! '#u(d ) id nti&i d )* "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s, R s"#nd nt /udg sustain d t! "#siti#n #& "rivat r s"#nd nt -!# 'it d t! ma/#rit* #"ini#n in A3uin#, +r, vs, >i(itar* C#mmissi#n N#, 2 and ! (d t!at R! 'ann#t ) va(id(* '#m" (( d t# a"" ar and ) "r s nt during t! tria( #& t!is 'as ,R $ P titi#n r "ra*s t!at t! #rd r #& r s"#nd nt /udg ) annu(( d and s t asid and t!at "rivat r s"#nd nt R#d#(&# @a(d 8, +r, ) '#m" (( d t# a"" ar during t! tria( #& t! 'rimina( 'as -! n v r r 3uir d t# d# s# )* t! tria( '#urt, $ Privat r s"#nd nt '(aims t!at S ' 12, Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n grants !im a)s#(ut rig!t t# a)s nt !ims (& &r#m t! tria( #& t! 'as &i( d against !im d s"it t! '#nditi#n #& !is )ai( )#nd t!at ! R-i(( at a(( tim s !#(d !ims (& am na)( t# t! #rd rs and "r#' ss s #& t! C#urt,R ISSUE 51N t! /udg rr d in granting "rivat r s"#nd nt0s mani& stati#n t# -aiv !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt during tria( HELD

BARREDO G.$0.u*H
$ P titi#n r !as t! rig!t t# -aiv !is "r s n' at t! " r" tuati#n "r#' dings ) &#r t! r s"#nd nt C#mmissi#n,I &ind min nt m rit in t! '#nt nti#n #& " titi#n r t!at v n &#r id nti&i'ati#n "ur"#s s ! 'ann#t ) mad t# ) "r s nt at t! tria( against !is -i((, Sin' und r t! C#nstituti#n, tria( #& 'rimina( 'as s in t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d is a((#- d, -! n a&t r t! arraignm nt and in s"it #& du n#ti' ! &ai(s t# a"" ar -it!#ut /usti&i'ati#n, "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 12 #& t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts #r Arti'( I@, $ I 'an und rstand -!* an a''us d !as t# ) "r s nt at t! arraignm nt and at t! r ading #& t! s nt n' , In t! &#rm r, it !as t# ) .n#-n t# t! '#urt t!at ! is ind d t! " rs#n '!arg d and t!at ! " rs#na((* und rstands t! a''usati#n against !im, >#r im"#rtant(*, t! "( a must ) nt r d )* !im " rs#na((* t# av#id an* mis'#nstru'ti#n #r misr "r s ntati#n, inn#' nt #r #t! r-is , In t! (att r, it is ss ntia( t!at t! a''us d !ims (&, s!#u(d ) a-ar &r#m " rs#na( .n#-( dg -!at is t! v rdi't #& t! '#urt, and i& it ) '#nvi'ti#n, -!at is t! " na(t* t# ) s rv d )* !im, %! s ar matt rs t## " rs#na( t# " rmit d ( gati#n, At t! sam tim , !is "r s n' ma. s it sim"( r in t! "u)(i' int r st &#r t! aut!#riti s t# n&#r' : 'uti#n #& an* adv rs /udgm nt, But I 'ann#t

SEPARATE OPINION :$0 ?,+v%* $& )*%-%0.% $0ly< CASTRO G.$0.u* ,02 2+--%0'H
$ >* und rstanding #& t! "r#visi#ns #& t! n - C#nstituti#n #n -aiv r #& "r s n' in 'rimina( "r#' dings is t!at su'! -aiv r ma* ) va(id(* im"(i d "rin'i"a((* in 'as s -! r t! a''us d !as /um" d )ai( #r !as s'a" d, )ut ' rtain(* ma* n#t ) ass rt d as a matt r #& a)s#(ut rig!t in 'as s -! r t! a''us d is in 'ust#d* and !is id nti&i'ati#n is n d d in t! '#urs #& t! "r#' dings, $ %!us, I v#t d &#r Du,l+&+%2 ?,+v%*,$ t! a''us d ma* -aiv !is "r s n' in t! 'rimina( "r#' dings :' "t at t! stag s -! r id nti&i'ati#n #& !is

Criminal Procedure
67S $ Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n, S 'ti#n 12 t! r #& "r#vid sC S7C, 12, In a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns, t! a''us d s!a(( ) "r sum d inn#' nt unti( t! '#ntrar* is "r#v d, and s!a(( n/#* t! rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, t# ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, t# !av a s" d*, im"artia(, and "u)(i' tria(, t# m t t! -itn ss s &a' t# &a' , and t# !av '#m"u(s#r* "r#' ss t# s 'ur t! att ndan' #& -itn ss s and t! "r#du'ti#n #& vid n' in !is ) !a(&, 4#- v r, a&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d, $ %! 1293 C#nstituti#n n#- un3ua(i&i d(* " rmits tria( in absentia v n #& 'a"ita( #&& ns s, "r#vid d t!at a&t r arraignm nt ! ma* ) '#m" (( d t# a"" ar &#r t! "ur"#s #& Id nti&i'ati#n )* t! -itn ss s #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, #r "r#vid d ! un3ua(i&i d(* admits in #" n '#urt a&t r !is arraignm nt t!at ! is t! " rs#n nam d as t! d & ndant in t! 'as #n tria(, $ %! r as#n &#r r 3uiring t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d, d s"it !is -aiv r, is, i& a((#- d t# ) a)s nt in a(( t! stag s #& t! "r#' dings -it!#ut giving t! P #"( Qs -itn ss s t! #""#rtunit* t# Id nti&* !im in '#urt, ! ma* in !is d & ns sa* t!at ! -as n v r Id nti&i d as t! " rs#n '!arg d in t! in&#rmati#n and, t! r &#r , is ntit( d t# an a'3uitta(, $ Furt! rm#r , it is "#ssi)( t!at a -itn ss ma* n#t .n#- t! nam #& t! 'u("rit )ut 'an Id nti&* !im i& ! s s !im again, in -!i'! 'as t! (att rQs "r s n' in '#urt is n ' ssar*, Dispositive " titi#n grant d and t! assai( d #rd r #& r s"#nd nt /udg is ANNK??7; and S7% ASI;7

a2010 page !"

be compelled in this instance. The reason of the majorit' is that the accused must not be compelled to assist the prosecution in proving its case.M $ %! "r#s 'uti#n m#v d &#r r '#nsid rati#n )ut r s"#nd nt +udg d ni d t! m#ti#n, Pr#s 'uti#n t! n &i( d t!is " titi#n -it! "ra* r &#r a %R1, %! SC grant d t! " titi#n and issu d a %R1, r straining t! r s"#nd nt C#urt &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding -it! t! 'rimina( 'as , ISSUE 51N t! a''us d, d s"it !aving -aiv d !is "r s n' at t! tria(, ma* sti(( ) '#m" (( d t# ) "r s nt in t! sam tria( -! n ! is t# ) id nti&i d HELD 67S, Star ; 'isis, Reasoning % %! ru( ad#"t d )* t! C#urt in t! 'as #& A$uino vs. (ilitar' Commission @o. D 0supra4 is t!at -!i( t! a''us d ma* -aiv !is "r s n' at t! tria( #& t! 'as , !is "r s n' ma* ) '#m" (( d -! n ! is t# ) id nti&i d, %! C#urt saidC ASin' #n(* 6 +usti' s ar #& t! vi t!at " titi#n r ma* -aiv !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt at a(( stag s #& t! "r#' dings -!i( &iv 5 +usti' s ar in agr m nt t!at ! ma* s# -aiv su'! rig!t, :' "t -! n ! is t# ! id nti&i d, t! r su(t is t!at t! r s"#nd nt C#mmissi#nQs 1rd r r 3uiring !is "r s n' at a(( tim s during t! "r#' dings ) &#r it s!#u(d ) m#di&i d, in t! s ns t!at " titi#n rs "r s n' s!a(( ) r 3uir d #n(* in t! instan' /ust indi'at d, Dispositive P titi#n GRAN%7;, #rd rs #& r s"#nd nt +udg ANNK??7; and S7% ASI;7, +udg is #rd r d t# issu t! n ' ssar* "r#' ss t# '#m" ( t! att ndan' #& t! a''us d at t! ! aring #& t! 'rimina( 'as &#r "ur"#s s #& id nti&i'ati#n, % m"#rar* %R1 (i&t d and s t asid ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

51N t! /udg rr d in sus" nding t! "r#' dings

PEOPLE v MACARAEG 141 SCRA 39 C1NC7PCI1N; +anuar* 14, 1286

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and mandamus -it! "r (iminar* in/un'ti#n t# r vi #rd r #& CFI #& Pangasinan FACTS $ Privat R s"#nd nt @as'# @a(d 8 -as '!arg d -it! 4#mi'id ) &#r t! CFI #& Pangasinan &#r t! d at! #& #n S v rs Pau(# and "#st d )ai( &#r !is "r#visi#na( r ( as , Atta'! d t# t! )ai( )#nd -as a -aiv r sti"u(ating t!at t! tria( ma* "r#' d in !is a)s n' , $ 5! n t! 'as -as 'a(( d &#r tria(, t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d 5 (in# Pau(#, as its 1st -itn ss, -!# -! n as. d i& ! '#u(d id nti&* t! a''us d, ans- r d in t! a&&irmativ , Sin' t! a''us d -as n#t "r s nt in '#urt, t! "r#s 'uti#n as. d t! '#urt t# #rd r t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d s# t!at ! '#u(d ) id nti&i d, C#uns ( &#r a''us d #)/ 't d t# t! m#ti#n )* inv#.ing t! -aiv r in t! )ai( )#nd and '#nt nd d t!at t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d is "art #& !is d & ns , $ R s"#nd nt +udg ;ani ( >a'ara g #& t! CFI, inv#.ing t! 'as #& A$uino v (ilitar' Commission @o.D, d ni d t! m#ti#nC LThe issue at bar was one of those s$uarel' raised in the A$uino case where si+ out of ten Kustices voted that the accused ma' not be compelled to be present during the trial when he is to be identified b' the witnesses of the prosecution while four voted that the accused ma'

PEOPLE v SALAS :ABONG, DE LEON, ET AL< 143 SCRA 163 CRKL; +u(* 22, 1286
NATURE C rti#rari and >andamus FACTS $ >ari# A)#ng -as #rigina((* '!arg d -it! !#mi'id in t! CFI #& C )u )ut ) &#r ! '#u(d ) arraign d t! 'as -as r inv stigat d #n m#ti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, As a r su(t #& t! r inv stigati#n, an am nd d in&#rmati#n -as &i( d, -it! n# )ai( r '#mm nd d, t# -!i'! ! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ 5!i( tria( -as in "r#gr ss, t! "ris#n r, ta.ing advantag #& t! &irst in&#rmati#n &#r !#mi'id , su'' d d in d ' iving t! 'it* '#urt #& C )u int# granting !im )ai( and #rd ring !is r ( as ; and s# ! s'a" d, $ R s"#nd nt /udg Sa(as, ( arning (at r #& t! tri'. r*, 'an' (( d t! i(( ga( )ai( )#nd and #rd r d A)#ngQs r $arr st, But ! -as g#n , N#n t! ( ss, t! "r#s 'uti#n m#v d t!at t! ! aring '#ntinu in a''#rdan' -it! t! '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n aut!#ri8ing tria( in a)s ntia und r ' rtain 'ir'umstan' s, %! r s"#nd nt /udg d ni d t! m#ti#n, !#- v r, and sus" nd d a(( "r#' dings unti( t! r turn #& t! a''us d, ISSUE

HELD 67S Ratio Knd r Art,I@ S ',12, t! "ris#n r 'ann#t )* sim"(* s'a"ing t!-art !is '#ntinu d "r#s 'uti#n and "#ssi)(* v ntua( '#nvi'ti#n "r#vid d #n(* t!atC a= ! !as ) n arraign d; )= ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d #& t! tria(; and '= !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d, Reasoning $ %! ru( is &#und in t! (ast s nt n' #& Arti'( I@, S 'ti#n 12, #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#nC In a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, t! a''us d s!a(( ) "r sum d inn#' nt unti( t! '#ntrar* is "r#v d and s!a(( n/#* t! rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, t# ! in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, t# !av a s" d*, im"artia(, and "u)(i' tria(, t# m t t! -itn ss s &a' t# &a' , and t# !av '#m"u(s#r* "r#' ss t# s 'ur t! att ndan' #& -itn ss s and t! "r#du'ti#n #& vid n' in !is ) !a(&, 4#- v r, a&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d, $ %! "ur"#s #& t!is ru( is t# s" d u" t! dis"#siti#n #& 'rimina( 'as s, tria( #& -!i'! '#u(d in t! "ast ) ind &init (* d & rr d, and man* tim s '#m"( t (* a)and#n d, ) 'aus #& t! d & ndantQs s'a" , $ t! &ugitiv is n#- d m d t# !av -aiv d su'! n#ti' "r 'is (* ) 'aus ! !as s'a" d, and it is a(s# t!is s'a" t!at ma. s !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar at !is tria( un/usti&i d, 7s'a" 'an n v r ) a ( ga( /usti&i'ati#n, $ %! rig!t t# ) "r s nt at #n Qs tria( ma* n#- ) -aiv d :' "t #n(* at t!at stag -! r t! "r#s 'uti#n int nds t# "r s nt -itn ss s -!# -i(( Id nti&* t! a''us d, $ t! d & ndantQs s'a" -i(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv r #& t!is rig!t and t! ina)i(it* #& t! '#urt t# n#ti&* !im #& t! su)s 3u nt ! arings -i(( n#t "r v nt it &r#m '#ntinuing -it! !is tria(, 4 -i(( ) d m d t# !av r ' iv d du n#ti' , Dispositive t! #rd r #& t! tria( '#urt d n*ing t! m#ti#n &#r t! tria( in a)s ntia #& t! a''us d is s t asid ,

GIMENEZ v NAZARENO 160 SCRA 1 GANCA6C1; A"ri( 15 1288

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and mandamus FACTS $ A''us d Sams#n Suan, A( : P#t#t, R#g (i# >u(a, F rnand# Cargand#, R#g (i# Bagui# and t! ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nt % #d#r# d (a @ ga +r,, - r '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& murd r #n August 3, 1293, 1n August 22, 1293 a(( t! a)#v $nam d, a''us d - r arraign d and a'! #& t! m "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d, F#((#-ing t! arraignm nt, t! r s"#nd nt /udg , 4#n, Ram#n 7, Na8ar n#, s t t! ! aring #& t! 'as &#r S "t m) r 18, 1293 at 1C00 #Q'(#'. in t! a&t rn##n, A(( t! a'us d in'(uding "rivat r s"#nd nt, - r du(* in&#rm d #& t!is, $ B &#r t! s'! du( d dat #& t! &irst ! aring t! "rivat r s"#nd nt s'a" d &r#m !is d t nti#n ' nt r and #n t! said dat , &ai( d t# a"" ar in '#urt, %!is "r#m"t d t! &is'a(s !and(ing t! 'as <t! " titi#n rs

Criminal Procedure
! r in= t# &i( a m#ti#n -it! t! (#- r '#urt t# "r#' d -it! t! ! aring #& t! 'as against a(( t! a''us d "ra*ing t!at "rivat r s"#nd nt d (a @ ga, +r, ) tri d in a)s ntia inv#.ing t! a""(i'ati#n #& S 'ti#n 12, Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n -!i'! "r#vid sC S7C, 12, In a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, t! a''us d s!a(( ) "r sum d inn#' nt unti( t! '#ntrar* is "r#v d, and s!a(( n/#* t! rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (, t# ) in&#rm d #& t! natur and 'aus #& t! a''usati#n against !im, t# !av a s" d*, im"artia(, and "u)(i' tria(, t# m t t! -itn ss s &a' t# &a' , and t# !av '#m"u(s#r* "r#' ss t# t! att ndan' #& -itn ss s and t! "r#du'ti#n #& vid n' in !is ) !a(&, %owever& after arraignment trial ma' proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been dul' notified and his failure to appear is unjustified. $ Pursuant t# t! a)#v $-ritt n "r#visi#n, t! (#- r '#urt "r#' d d -it! t! tria( #& t! 'as )ut n v rt! ( ss gav t! "rivat r s"#nd nt t! #""#rtunit* t# ta. t! -itn ss stand t! m#m nt ! s!#-s u" in '#urt, A&t r du tria(, #r #n N#v m) r 6,1293, t! (#- r '#urt r nd r d a d 'isi#n dismissing t! 'as against t! &iv a''us d -!i( !#(ding in a) *an' t! "r#' dings against t! "rivat r s"#nd nt, 1n N#v m) r 16,1293 t! " titi#n rs &i( d a >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n 3u sti#ning t! a)#v $3u#t d dis"#sitiv "#rti#n #n t! gr#und t!at it -i(( r nd r nugat#r* t! '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n #n Rtria( in a)s ntiaR 'it d ar(i r, 4#- v r, t!is -as d ni d )* t! (#- r '#urt in an 1rd r dat d N#v m) r 22, 1293, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n, ISSUES 1, 51N a '#urt (#s s /urisdi'ti#n #v r an a''us d -!# a&t r ) ing arraign d, s'a" s &r#m t! 'ust#d* #& t! (a2, 51N tria( in a)s ntia is -arrant d 3, 51N und r S 'ti#n 12, Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n, an a''us d -!# !as ) n du(* tri d in absentia r tains !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' #n !is #-n ) !a(& and t# '#n&r#nt and 'r#ss$ :amin -itn ss s -!# t sti&i d against !im HELD 1, N1 $ It is n#t dis"ut d t!at t! (#- r '#urt a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! " rs#n #& t! a''us d$"rivat r s"#nd nt -! n ! a"" ar d during t! arraignm nt #n August 22,1293 and "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d, In 'as s 'rimina(, /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! " rs#n #& t! a''us d is a'3uir d it! r )* !is arr st &#r v#(untar* a"" aran' in '#urt, Su'! v#(untar* a"" aran' is a''#m"(is! d )* a"" aring &#r arraignm nt as -!at a''us d$"rivat r s"#nd nt did in t!is 'as , +urisdi'ti#n #n' a'3uir d is n#t (#st u"#n t! instan' #& "arti s )ut '#ntinu s unti( t! 'as is t rminat d, %# 'a"su(i8 t! &#r g#ing dis'ussi#n, su&&i' it t# sa* t!at -! r t! a''us d a"" ars at t! arraignm nt and "( ads n#t gui(t* t# t! 'rim '!arg d, /urisdi'ti#n is a'3uir d )* t! '#urt #v r !is " rs#n and t!is '#ntinu s unti( t! t rminati#n #& t! 'as , n#t-it!standing !is s'a" &r#m t! 'ust#d* #& t! (a-, 2, 67S $ G#ing t# t! s '#nd "art #& S 'ti#n 12, Arti'( I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n a&#r 'it d a Rtria( in absentiaRma* ) !ad -! n t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s ar "r s ntC <1= t!at t! r !as ) n an arraignm nt; <2= t!at t! a''us d !as ) n n#ti&i d; and <3= t!at ! &ai(s t# a"" ar and !is &ai(ur t# d# s# is un/usti&i d,In t!is 'as , a(( t! a)#v '#nditi#ns - r att ndant

a2010 page "0

'a((ing &#r a tria( in absentia. As t! &a'ts s!#-, t! "rivat r s"#nd nt -as arraign d #n August 22, 1293 and in t! said arraignm nt ! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, 4 -as a(s# in&#rm d #& t! s'! du( d ! arings s t #n S "t m) r 18 and 12, 1293 and t!is is vid n' d )* !is signatur #n t! n#ti' issu d )* t! (#- r C#urt, It -as a(s# "r#v d )* a ' rti&i d '#"* #& t! P#(i' B(#tt r t!at "rivat r s"#nd nt s'a" d &r#m !is d t nti#n ' nt r, N# :"(anati#n &#r !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar in '#urt in an* #& t! s'! du( d ! arings -as giv n, 7v n t! tria( '#urt '#nsid r d !is a)s n' un/usti&i d $ %! '#nt nti#n #& t! r s"#nd nt /udg t!at t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# ) "r sum d inn#' nt -i(( ) vi#(at d i& a /udgm nt is r nd r d as t# !im is unt na)( , 4 is sti(( "r sum d inn#' nt, A /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n must sti(( ) )as d u"#n t! vid n' "r s nt d in '#urt, Su'! vid n' must "r#v !im gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, A(s#, t! r 'an ) n# vi#(ati#n #& du "r#' ss sin' t! a''us d -as giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# ) ! ard, INTENT OF THE LEGISLATURE= , , , %! C#nstituti#na( C#nv nti#n & (t t! n d &#r su'! a "r#visi#n as t! r - r 3uit a num) r #& r "#rt d instan' s -! r t! "r#' dings against a d & ndant !ad t# ) sta* d ind &init (* ) 'aus #& !is n#n$ a"" aran' , 5!at t! C#nstituti#n guarant s !im is a &air tria(, n#t '#ntinu d n/#*m nt #& !is &r d#m v n i& !is gui(t '#u(d ) "r#v d, 5it! t! 'at g#ri'a( stat m nt in t! &undam nta( (a- t!at !is a)s n' 'ann#t /usti&* a d (a* "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d, su'! an a)us '#u(d ) r m di d, %!at is t! -a* it s!#u(d ) , &#r )#t! s#'i t* and t! #&& nd d "art* !av a ( gitimat int r st in s ing t# it t!at 'rim s!#u(d n#t g# un"unis! d, 3, N1 $ %! 1285 Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur , "arti'u(ar(* S 'ti#n 1 <'= #& Ru( 115 '( ar(* r &( 'ts t! int nti#n #& t! &ram rs #& #ur C#nstituti#n, t# -itC ,,, %! a)s n' #& t! a''us d -it!#ut an* /usti&ia)( 'aus at t! tria( #n a "arti'u(ar dat #& -!i'! ! !ad n#ti' s!a(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv r #& !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt during t!at tria(, 5! n an a''us d und r 'ust#d* !ad ) n n#ti&i d #& t! dat #& t! trai( and s'a" s, ! s!a(( ) d m d t# !av -aiv d !is rig!t t# ) "r s nt #n said dat and #n a(( su)s 3u nt tria( dat s unti( 'ust#d* in r gain d,,,, $ An s'a" -!# !as ) n du(* tri d in absentia -aiv s !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' #n !is #-n ) !a(& and t# '#n&r#nt and 'r#ss$ :amin -itn ss s -!# t sti&i d against !im, Dispositive %! /udgm nt #& t! tria( '#urt in s# &ar as it sus" nds t! "r#' dings against t! "rivat r s"#nd nt % #d#r# d (a @ ga, +r, is r v rs d and s t asid , %! r s"#nd nt /udg is ! r )* dir 't d t# r nd r /udgm nt u"#n t! inn#' n' #r gui(t #& t! ! r in "rivat r s"#nd nt % #d#r# d (a @ ga, +r, in a''#rdan' -it! t! vid n' addu' d and t! a""(i'a)( (a-,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

-as &i( d as a r su(t, -it! n# )ai( r '#mm nd d, t# -!i'! AB1NG "( ad d n#t gui(t*, ;uring t! tria(, AB1NG, ta.ing advantag #& t! &irst in&#rmati#n &#r !#mi'id , su'' d d in d ' iving t! '#urt int# granting !im )ai( and #rd ring !is r ( as ; and s# ! s'a" d, +udg SA?AS, ( arning (at r #& t! tri'. r*, 'an' (( d t! i(( ga( )ai( )#nd and #rd r d AB1NGQs r $arr st, > an-!i( , t! "r#s 'uti#n m#v d t!at t! ! aring '#ntinu in a''#rdan' -it! t! '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n aut!#ri8ing tria( in absentia, SA?AS d ni d t! m#ti#n, !#- v r, and sus" nd d a(( "r#' dings unti( t! r turn #& AB1NG, 4 n' , t! "r s nt " titi#ns, ISSUE 51N +, SA?AS is '#rr 't in disa((#-ing tria( in a)s ntia #& AB1NG0s 'as HELD N1 $ %! "ur"#s #& t! '#nstituti#na( ru( t!at Aa&t r arraignm nt, tria( ma* "r#' d n#t-it!standing t! a)s n' #& t! a''us d "r#vid d t!at ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d and !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d,B 10 is t# s" d u" t! dis"#siti#n #& 'rimina( 'as s, tria( #& -!i'! '#u(d in t! "ast ) ind &init (* d & rr d, and man* tim s '#m"( t (* a)and#n d, ) 'aus #& t! d & ndantQs s'a" , N#-, t! "ris#n r 'ann#t )* sim"(* s'a"ing t!-art !is '#ntinu d "r#s 'uti#n "r#vid d #n(* t!atC a= ! !as ) n arraign d; )= ! !as ) n du(* n#ti&i d #& t! tria(; and '= !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar is un/usti&i d, $ +, SA?AS -as "r#)a)(* sti(( t!in.ing #& t! #(d d#'trin -! n ! ru( d t!at tria( in absentia #& t! s'a" '#u(d n#t ) ! (d ) 'aus ! '#u(d n#t ) du(* n#ti&i d, 4 &#rg ts t!at t! &ugitiv is n#- d m d t# !av -aiv d su'! n#ti' "r 'is (* ) 'aus ! !as s'a" d, and it is a(s# t!is s'a" t!at ma. s !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar at !is tria( un/usti&i d, %! rig!t t# ) "r s nt at #n Qs tria( ma* n#- ) -aiv d :' "t #n(* at t!at stag -! r t! "r#s 'uti#n int nds t# "r s nt -itn ss s -!# -i(( id nti&* t! a''us d,11 Knd r DS ',14<2=, 1289 C#nst,E, t! d & ndantQs s'a" -i(( ) '#nsid r d a -aiv r #& t!is rig!t and t! ina)i(it* #& t! '#urt t# n#ti&* !im #& t! su)s 3u nt ! arings -i(( n#t "r v nt it &r#m '#ntinuing -it! !is tria(, 4 -i(( ) d m d t# !av r ' iv d du n#ti' , %! sam &a't #& !is s'a" -i(( ma. !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar un/usti&i d ) 'aus ! !as, )* s'a"ing, "(a' d !ims (& ) *#nd t! "a( , and "r#t 'ti#n, #& t! (a-, $ AB1NG s!#u(d ) "r "ar d t# ) ar t! '#ns 3u n' s #& !is s'a" , in'(uding &#r& itur #& t! rig!t t# ) n#ti&i d #& t! su)s 3u nt "r#' dings and #& t! rig!t t# addu' vid n' #n !is ) !a(& and r &ut t! vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, n#t t# m nti#n a "#ssi)( #r v n "r#)a)( '#nvi'ti#n, Dispositive 1rd r #& +, SA?AS -as S7% ASI;7, and ! -as dir 't d t# '#ntinu ! aring AB1NG0s 'as in a)s ntia as (#ng as ! !as n#t r a"" ar d, unti( it is t rminat d,

PEOPLE v SALAS CRKL; +u(* 22, 1286

NATURE S" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#ns, ' rti#rari and mandamus, FACTS $ AB1NG -as #rigina((* '!arg d -it! !#mi'id in CFI C )u )ut ) &#r ! '#u(d ) arraign d t! 'as -as r inv stigat d, An am nd d in&#rmati#n

PEOPLE v PRIETO :,l+,- EDDIE >ALENCIA< 80 P!i( 138 %KAS1NC +anuar* 22, 1248
NATURE
10 11

1293 C#nst, AR%, I@, S ',12, N#-, AR%, III, S ',14<2=, 1289 C#nst, Citing A$uino v. (il. Commission @o. D and People v. Presiding Kudge, S ",2 #& #ut(in ,

Criminal Procedure
APP7A? &r#m a /udgm nt #& t! P #"( Qs C#urt FACTS $ %! a"" ((ant -as "r#s 'ut d in t! P #"( Qs C#urt &#r tr as#n #n 9 '#unts, A&t r "( ading n#t gui(t* ! nt r d a "( a #& gui(t* t# '#unts 1, 2, 3 and 9, and maintain d t! #rigina( "( a as t# '#unts 4, 5 and 6, %! s" 'ia( "r#s 'ut#r intr#du' d vid n' #n(* #n '#unt 4, stating -it! r & r n' t# '#unts 5 and 6 t!at ! did n#t !av su&&i'i nt vid n' t# sustain t! m, $ %! att#rn * d #&&i'i# mani& st d t!at ! -#u(d (i. t# ) r (i v d &r#m !is assignm nt, %! d & ndant -as &#und gui(t* #n '#unt 4 as - (( as '#unts 1, 2, 3 and 9 and -as s nt n' d t# d at! and t# "a* a &in #& P20,000, ISSUE 51N t! /udgm nt must ) a""#int Ran#t! r att#rn * mani& stati#n #& t! att#rn tria(= t!at ! -#u(d (i. t# ) r v rs d ) 'aus #& t! tria( '#urtQs &ai(ur t# d #&i'i# &#r t! a''us d in s"it #& t! * d #&i'i# <-!# d & nd d t! a''us d at t! r (i v d &#r #)vi#us r as#ns,R

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n#t s, B#t! - r t! n n(ist d m n in t! Knit d Stat s >arin C#r"s, #n ( av , %! * - r )#und #v r t# a-ait a'ti#n #& t! Knit d Stat s Grand +u(*, )ut - r . "t in /ai( du t# ina)i(it* t# giv )ai(, +anuar* 21, 1235, t! * - r indi't d; +anuar* 23, 1235, t! * - r ta. n t# '#urt and t! r &irst giv n#ti' #& t! indi'tm nt; imm diat (* - r arraign d, tri d, '#nvi't d, and s nt n' d t!at da* t# &#ur and #n $!a(& * ars in t! " nit ntiar*; and +anuar* 25, - r trans"#rt d t# t! F d ra( P nit ntiar* in At(anta, 5!i( '#uns ( !ad r "r s nt d t! m in t! "r (iminar* ! arings ) &#r t! '#mmissi#n r in -!i'! t! *$s#m t-# m#nt!s ) &#r t! ir tria($- r )#und #v r t# t! Grand +ur*, t! a''us d - r una)( t# m"(#* '#uns ( &#r t! ir tria(, K"#n arraignm nt, )#t! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, said t!at t! * !ad n# (a-* r, and$in r s"#ns t# an in3uir* #& t! '#urt$ stat d t!at t! * - r r ad* &#r tria(, %! * - r t! n tri d, '#nvi't d, and s nt n' d, -it!#ut assistan' #& '#uns (, $ It a"" ars &r#m t! #"ini#n #& t! ;istri't +udg d n*ing !a) as '#r"us t!at ! ) (i v d " titi#n r -as d "riv d, in t! tria( '#urt, #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t und r t! "r#visi#n #& t! Si:t! Am ndm nt, t!at, QIn a(( 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns,t! a''us d s!a(( n/#* t! rig!t ,,, t# !av t! Assistan' #& C#uns ( &#r !is d & ns ,Q 4#- v r, ! ! (d t!at "r#' dings d "riving " titi#n r #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# assistan' #& '#uns ( - r n#t su&&i'i nt Qt# ma. t! tria( v#id and /usti&* its annu(m nt in a !a) as '#r"us "r#' ding, )ut t!at t! * '#nstitut d tria( rr#rs #r irr gu(ariti s -!i'! '#u(d #n(* ) '#rr 't d #n a"" a(,Q $ %! C#urt #& A"" a(s a&&irm d ISSUE 51N t! r m d* #& !a) as '#r"us r nd r t! '#nvi'ti#n #& t! " titi#n r v#id -! n t! r is a vi#(ati#n #& t! rig!t t# '#uns (, t! si:t! am ndm nt HELD 67S $ C#m"(ian' -it! t!is '#nstituti#na( mandat is an ss ntia( /urisdi'ti#na( "r r 3uisit t# a & d ra( '#urtQs aut!#rit* t# d "riv an a''us d #& !is (i& #r (i) rt*, 5! n t!is rig!t is "r#" r(* -aiv d, t! assistan' #& '#uns ( is n# (#ng r a n ' ssar* ( m nt #& t! '#urtQs /urisdi'ti#n t# "r#' d t# '#nvi'ti#n and s nt n' , I& t! a''us d, !#- v r, is n#t r "r s nt d )* '#uns ( and !as n#t '#m" t nt(* and int ((ig nt(* -aiv d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t, t! Si:t! Am ndm nt stands as a /urisdi'ti#na( )ar t# a va(id '#nvi'ti#n and s nt n' d "riving !im #& !is (i& #r !is (i) rt*, Ratio %! "ur"#s #& t! '#nstituti#na( guarant* #& a rig!t t# '#uns ( is t# "r#t 't an a''us d &r#m '#nvi'ti#n r su(ting &r#m !is #-n ign#ran' #& !is ( ga( and '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, and t! guarant* -#u(d ) nu((i&i d )* a d t rminati#n t!at an a''us dQs ign#rant &ai(ur t# '(aim !is rig!ts r m#v s t! "r#t 'ti#n #& t! C#nstituti#n, %ru , !a) as '#r"us 'ann#t ) us d as a m ans #& r vi -ing rr#rs #& (a- and irr gu(ariti s$n#t inv#(ving t! 3u sti#n #& /urisdi'ti#n$#''urring during t! '#urs #& tria(; and t! Q-rit #& !a) as '#r"us 'ann#t ) us d as a -rit #& rr#r,Q %! s "rin'i"( s, !#- v r, must ) '#nstru d and a""(i d s# as t# "r s rv $n#t d str#*$'#nstituti#na( sa& guards #& !uman (i& and (i) rt*, %! s'#" #& in3uir* in !a) as '#r"us "r#' dings !as ) n )r#ad n d$n#t narr#- d$ sin' t! ad#"ti#n #& t! Si:t! Am ndm nt, In su'! a "r#' ding, Qit -#u(d ) '( ar(* rr#n #us t# '#n&in t! in3uir* t# t! "r#' dings and /udgm nt #& t! tria( '#urtQ and t! " titi#n d '#urt !as Q"#- r t# in3uir -it! r gard t# t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! in& ri#r '#urt, it! r in r s" 't t# t! su)/ 't$matt r #r t# t! " rs#n, v n i& su'! in3uir* inv#(v s an

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

:aminati#n #& &a'ts #utsid #&, )ut n#t in'#nsist nt -it!, t! r '#rd,Q C#ngr ss !as :"and d t! rig!ts #& a " titi#n r &#r !a) as '#r"us and t! Q,,, && 't is t# su)stitut &#r t! )ar ( ga( r vi - t!at s ms t# !av ) n t! (imit #& /udi'ia( aut!#rit* und r t! '#mm#n$(a- "ra'ti' , and und r t! a't #& 31 Car, II, '!a", 2, a m#r s ar'!ing inv stigati#n, in -!i'! t! a""(i'ant is "ut u"#n !is #at! t# s t &#rt! t! trut! #& t! matt r r s" 'ting t! 'aus s #& !is d t nti#n, and t! '#urt, u"#n d t rmining t! a'tua( &a'ts, is t# Qdis"#s #& t! "art* as (a- and /usti' r 3uir ,Q $ Q%! r ) ing n# d#u)t #& t! aut!#rit* #& t! C#ngr ss t# t!us (i) ra(i8 t! '#mm#n$(a- "r#' dur #n !a) as '#r"us in #rd r t# sa& guard t! (i) rt* #& a(( " rs#ns -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! Knit d Stat s against in&ring m nt t!r#ug! an* vi#(ati#n #& t! C#nstituti#n #r a (a- #r tr at* sta)(is! d t! r und r, it r su(ts t!at und r t! s 'ti#ns 'it d a "ris#n r in 'ust#d* "ursuant t# t! &ina( /udgm nt #& a stat '#urt #& 'rimina( /urisdi'ti#n ma* !av a /udi'ia( in3uir* in a '#urt #& t! Knit d Stat s int# t! v r* trut! and su)stan' #& t! 'aus s #& !is d t nti#n, a(t!#ug! it ma* ) '#m n ' ssar* t# (##. ) !ind and ) *#nd t! r '#rd #& !is '#nvi'ti#n t# a su&&i'i nt :t nt t# t st t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! stat '#urt t# "r#' d t# /udgm nt against !im, ,,, Q,,, it is #" n t# t! '#urts #& t! Knit d Stat s, u"#n an a""(i'ati#n &#r a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us, t# (##. ) *#nd &#rms and in3uir* int# t! v r* su)stan' #& t! matt r ,,,,Q $ I& t!is r 3uir m nt #& t! Si:t! Am ndm nt is n#t '#m"(i d -it!, t! '#urt n# (#ng r !as /urisdi'ti#n t# "r#' d, %! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n "r#n#un' d )* a '#urt -it!#ut /urisdi'ti#n is v#id, and #n im"ris#n d t! r und r ma* #)tain r ( as )* !a) as '#r"us, A /udg #& t! Knit d Stat s$t# -!#m a " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us is addr ss d$s!#u(d ) a( rt t# :amin Qt! &a'ts &#r !ims (& -! n i& tru as a(( g d t! * ma. t! tria( a)s#(ut (* v#id,Q $ It must ) r m m) r d, !#- v r, t!at a /udgm nt 'ann#t ) (ig!t(* s t asid )* '#((at ra( atta'., v n #n !a) as '#r"us, 5! n '#((at ra((* atta'. d, t! /udgm nt #& a '#urt 'arri s -it! it a "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit*, 5! r a d & ndant, -it!#ut '#uns (, a'3ui s' s in a tria( r su(ting in !is '#nvi'ti#n and (at r s .s r ( as )* t! :tra#rdinar* r m d* #& !a) as '#r"us, t! )urd n #& "r##& r sts u"#n !im t# sta)(is! t!at ! did n#t '#m" t nt(* and int ((ig nt(* -aiv !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# assistan' #& C#uns (, I& in a !a) as '#r"us ! aring, ! d# s m t t!is )urd n and '#nvin' s t! '#urt )* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' t!at ! n it! r !ad '#uns ( n#r "r#" r(* -aiv d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# '#uns (, it is t! dut* #& t! '#urt t# grant t! -rit, Dispositive %! 'aus is r v rs d and r mand d t# t! ;istri't C#urt &#r d t rminati#n -! t! r " titi#n r did n#t '#m" t nt(* and int ((ig nt(* -aiv !is rig!t t# '#uns (, I& '#urt &inds &#r " titi#n r t! d 'isi#n #& t! distri't '#urt '#nvi'ting " titi#n r must ) d '(ar d v#id,

HELD N1 $ %! a"" ((at tri)una( -i(( indu(g r as#na)( "r sum"ti#ns, in &av#r #& t! ( ga(it* and r gu(arit* #& a(( t! "r#' dings #& t! tria( '#urt, in'(uding t! "r sum"ti#n t!at t! a''us d -as n#t d ni d t! rig!t t# !av '#uns (, <K, S, vs, ?a)ia(, 29 P!i(,, 82,= It is "r sum d t!at t! "r#' dur "r s'ri) d )* (a- !as ) n #)s rv d un( ss it is mad t# a"" ar :"r ss(* t# t! '#ntrar*, <K, S, vs, 7s'a(ant , 36 P!i(,, 943,= %! &a't t!at t! att#rn * a""#int d )* t! tria( '#urt t# aid t! d & ndant in !is d & ns :"r ss d r (u'tan' t# a'' "t t! d signati#n ) 'aus , as t! "r s nt '#uns ( assum s, ! did n#t s*m"at!i8 -it! t! d & ndantQs 'aus , is n#t su&&i'i nt t# #v r'#m t!is "r sum"ti#n, %! stat m nt #& t! '#uns ( in t! '#urt ) (#- did n# n ' ssari(* im"(* t!at ! did n#t " r&#rm !is dut* t# "r#t 't t! int r st #& t! a''us d, As a matt r #& &a't, t! "r s nt '#uns ( Rsin' r (* ) (i v s t!at t! said Att#rn * Carin did !is ) st, a(t!#ug! it -as n#t t! ) st #& a -i((ing -#r. r,R 5 d# n#t dis' rn in t! r '#rd an* indi'ati#n t!at t! &#rm r '#uns ( did n#t '#ndu't t! d & ns t# t! ) st #& !is a)i(it*, I& Att#rn * Carin did !is ) st as a s-#rn m m) r #& t! )ar, as t! "r s nt att#rn * admits, t!at -as n#ug!; !is s ntim nts did n#t 'ut an* in&(u n' in t! r su(t #& t! 'as and did n#t im" ri( t! rig!ts #& t! a"" ((ant,

JOHNSON v ZERBST 304 KS 458 B?ACS; >a* 23, 1238

NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! d 'isi#n #& t! ;istri't C#urt d n*ing t! " titi#n &#r !a) as '#r"us -!i'! t! C#urt #& A"" a(s a&&irm d FACTS - P titi#n r and #n Brid- (( - r arr st d in C!ar( st#n, S,C,, N#v m) r 21, 1234, '!arg d -it! & (#ni#us(* utt ring and "assing &#ur '#unt r& it t- nt*$d#((ar F d ra( R s rv n#t s and "#ss ssing t- nt*$#n su'!

PEOPLE v HOLGADO 85 P4I? 952 >1RAN; >ar'! 22, 1250

FACTS $ A"" ((ant Fris'# 4#(gad# -as '!arg d in t! '#urt #& First Instan' #& R#m)(#n -it! s(ig!t i(( ga( d t nti#n ) 'aus a''#rding t# t! in&#rmati#n, ) ing a "rivat " rs#n, ! did R& (#ni#us(* and -it!#ut /usti&ia)( m#tiv , .idna" and d tain #n Art mia Fa)r ag in t! !#us #& Ant r# 4#(gad#

Criminal Procedure
&#r a)#ut ig!t !#urs t! r )* d "riving said Art mia Fa)r ag #& ! r " rs#na( (i) rt*,R $ ;uring t! tria(, ! "( ad gui(t* as ! -as -it!#ut a (a-* r, and t!at a ' rtain Num rian# 1'am"# t#(d 4#(gad# t# "( ad gui(t*, %! C#urt r s rv d t! s nt n' &#r a t-# da*s d s"it t! &is'a(0s assuran' s t!at t! ' rtain Num rian# 1'am"# !as ) n inv stigat d and &#und -it!#ut vid n' t# (in. !im t# t! 'rim $ It must ) n#ti' d t!at in t! 'a"ti#n #& t! 'as as it a"" ars in t! /udgm nt a)#v 3u#t d, t! #&& ns '!arg d is nam d S?IG4% I??7GA? ;7%7N%I1N -!i( in t! )#d* #& t! /udgm nt i& is said t!at t! a''us d Rstands '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& .idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#n,R In t! &#rmati#n &i( d )* t! "r#vin'ia( &is'a( it is said t!at ! Ra''us s Fris'# 4#(gad# #& t! 'rim #& s(ig!t i(( ga( d t nti#n,R %! &a'ts a(( g d in said in&#rmati#n ar n#t '( ar as t# -! t! r t! #&& ns is nam d t! r in #r 'a"ita( #&& ns #& R.idna""ing and s ri#us i(( ga( d t nti#nR as &#und )* t! tria( /udg in !is /udgm nt, Sin' t! a''us d$ a"" ((ant "( ad d gui(t* and n# vid n' a"" ars t# !av ) n "r s nt d )* it! r "art*, t! tria( /udg must !av d du' d t! 'a"ita( #&& ns &r#m t! &a'ts "( ad d in t! in&#rmati#n, ISSUE 51N t! '#nvi'ti#n #& t! (#- r '#urt is va(id HELD N1, It is inva(id, $ Knd r t! 'ir'umstan' s, "arti'u(ar(* t! 3ua(i&i d "( a giv n )* t! a''us d -!# -as unaid d )* '#uns (, it -as n#t "rud nt, t# sa* t! ( ast, &#r t! tria( '#urt t# r nd r su'! a s ri#us /udgm nt &inding t! a''us d gui(t* #& a 'a"ita( #&& ns , and im"#sing u"#n !im su'! a ! av* " na(t* as t n * ars and #n da* #& prision ma'or t# t- nt* * ars, -it!#ut a)s#(ut an* vid n' t# d t rmin and '(ari&* t! tru &a'ts #& t! 'as , $ ru( s #& C#urt, Ru( 112, s 'ti#n 3, t!at N I& t! d & ndant a"" ars -it!#ut att#rn *, ! must ) in&#rm d )* t! '#urt t!at it is !is rig!t t# !av att#rn * ) ing arraign d,, and must ) as. d i& ! d sir s t! aid #& att#rn *, t! C#urt must assign att#rn * de oficio t# d & nd !im, A r as#na)( tim must ) a((#- d &#r "r#'uring att#rn *, $ t! '#urt !as &#ur im"#rtant duti s t# '#m"(* -it!C 1 \ It must in&#rm t! d & ndant t!at it is !is rig!t t# !av att#rn * ) &#r ) ing arraign d; 2 \ A&t r giving !im su'! in&#rmati#n t! '#urt must as. !im i& ! d sir s t! aid #& an att#rn *; 3 \ I& ! d sir s and is una)( t# m"(#* att#rn *, t! '#urt must assign att#rn * de oficio t# d & nd !im; and 4 \ I& t! a''us d d sir s t# "r#'ur an att#rn * #& !is #-n t! '#urt must grant !im a r as#na)( tim t! r &#r, - IN THE CASE, N#t #n #& t! s duti s !ad ) n '#m"(i d -it! )* t! tria( '#urt, %! r '#rd dis'(#s s t!at said '#urt did n#t in&#rm t! a''us d #& !is rig!t t# !av an att#rn * n#r did it as. !im i& ! d sir d t! aid #& #n , %! tria( '#urt &ai( d t# in3uir -! t! r #r n#t t! a''us d -as t# m"(#* an att#rn *, t# grant !im r as#na)( tim t# "r#'ur #r assign an att#rn * de oficio, $ %! 3u sti#n as. d )* t! '#urt t# t! a''us d -as R;# *#u !av an att#rn * #r ar *#u g#ing t# "( ad gui(t*HR N#t #n(* did su'! a 3u sti#n &ai( t# in&#rm t! a''us d t!at it -as !is rig!t t# !av an att#rn * ) &#r arraignm nt, )ut, -!at is -#rs , t! 3u sti#n -as s# &ram d t!at it '#u(d !av ) n '#nstru d )* t! a''us d as a sugg sti#n &r#m

a2010 page "2

t! '#urt t!at ! "( ad gui(t i& ! !ad n# att#rn *, And t!is is a d nia( #& &air ! aring in vi#(ati#n #& t! du "r#' ss '(aus '#ntain d in #ur C#nstituti#n, $ 1n #& t! gr at "rin'i"( s #& /usti' guarant d )* #ur C#nstituti#n is t!at Rn# " rs#n s!a(( ) ! (d t# ans- r &#r a 'rimina( #&& ns -it!#ut du "r#' ss #& (a-R, and t!at a(( a''us d Rs!a(( n/#* t! rig!t t# ) ! ard )* !ims (& and '#uns (,R In 'rimina( 'as s t! r 'an ) n# &air ! aring un( ss t! a''us d ) giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# ) ! ard )* '#uns (, %! rig!t t# ) ! ard -#u(d ) #& (itt( avai( i& it d# s n#t in'(ud t! rig!t t# ) ! ard )* '#uns (, 7v n t! m#st int ((ig nt #r du'at d man ma* !av n# s.i(( in t! s'i n' #& t! (a-, "arti'u(ar(* in t! ru( s #& "r#' dur , and, -it!#ut '#uns (, ! ma* ) '#nvi't d n#t ) 'aus ! is gui(t* )ut ) 'aus ! d# s n#t .n#- !#- t# sta)(is! !is inn#' n' , And t!is 'an !a"" n m#r asi(* t# " rs#ns -!# ar ign#rant #r un du'at d, $ It is &#r t!is r as#n t!at t! rig!t t# ) assist d )* '#uns ( is d m d s# im"#rtant t!at it !as ) '#m a '#nstituti#na( rig!t and it is s# im"( m nt d t!at und r #ur ru( s #& "r#' dur it is n#t n#ug! &#r t! C#urt t# a""ris an a''us d #& !is rig!t t# !av an att#rn *, it is n#t n#ug! t# as. !im -! t! r ! d sir s t! aid #& an att#rn *, )ut it is ss ntia( t!at t! '#urt s!#u(d assign #n de oficio i& ! s# d sir s and ! is "##r grant !im a r as#na)( tim t# "r#'ur an att#rn * #& !is #-n, $ in t! instant 'as , t!at t! a''us d -!# -as unaid d )* '#uns ( "( ad d gui(t* )ut -it! t! &#((#-ing 3ua(i&i'ati#nC R)ut I -as instru't d )* #n >r, 1'am"#,R %! tria( '#urt &ai( d t# in3uir as t# t! tru im"#rt #& t!is 3ua(i&i'ati#n, t! r '#rd d# s n#t s!#- -! t! r t! su""#s d instru'ti#ns -as r a( and -! t! r it !ad r & r n' t# t! '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns #r t# t! ma.ing #& t! "( a gui(t*, N# inv stigati#n -as #" n d )* t! '#urt #n t!is matt r in t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d and t! r is n#- n# -a* #& d t rmining -! t! r t! su""#s d instru'ti#n is a g##d d & ns #r ma* vitiat t! v#(untarin ss #& t! '#n& ssi#n, A""ar nt(* t! '#urt ) 'am satis&i d -it! t! &is'a(Qs in&#rmati#n t!at ! !ad inv stigat d >r, 1'am"# and &#und t!at t! sam !ad n#t!ing t# d# -it! t!is 'as , Su'! attitud #& t! '#urt -as -r#ng &#r t! sim"( r as#n t!at a m r stat m nt #& t! &is'a( -as n#t su&&i'i nt t# #v r'#m a 3ua(i&i d "( a #& t! a''us d, But a)#v a((, t! '#urt s!#u(d !av s n t# it t!at t! a''us d ) assist d )* '#uns ( s" 'ia((* ) 'aus #& t! 3ua(i&i d "( a giv n )* !im and t! s ri#usn ss #& t! #&& ns &#und t# ) 'a"ita( )* t! '#urt, Dispositive %! /udgm nt a"" a( d &r#m is r v rs d and t! 'as is r mand d t# t! C#urt ) (#- &#r a n - arraignm nt and a n - tria( a&t r t! a''us d is a""ris d #& !is rig!t t# !av and t# ) assist d )* '#uns (, S# #rd r d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

mar. d m#n *, t! in&#rmant as. d t# )u* mari/uana &r#m Ni'andr#, and u"#n d (iv r* #& 4 sti'.s #& mari/uana 'igar tt s, t! "#(i' na)) d Ni'andr#, %! mar. d )i((s - r r '#v r d &r#m ! r "#'. ts, as - (( as mari/uana &(#- ring t#", $ A(( g d(*, u"#n ) ing inv stigat d and a&t r !aving ) n du(* a""ris d #& ! r '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, Ni'andr# #ra((* admitt d !aving s#(d t! mari/uana, )ut r &us d t# r du' ! r '#n& ssi#n t# -riting, %! "r#s 'uti#n r (i d "rin'i"a((* #n t! t stim#n* #& Patr#(man +#v s, #n #& t! #&&i' rs -!# '#ndu't d t! ntra"m nt, 4is t stim#n* said A-! n - sa- t! a''us d !and d t! 4 sti'.s #& sus" 't d mari/uana 'igar tt s t# #ur '#n&id ntia( in&#rmant and a&t r a "r arrang d signa( -as giv n )* t! in&#rmant t!at t! a''us d !ad a(r ad* s#(d ! r t! mari/uana, - imm diat (* na)) d said sus" 't and at t! sam tim id nti&i d #urs (v s as "#(i' #&&i' rs,B $ 5! n as. d !#- ! '#ndu't d t! inv stigati#n, Pat, +#v s t sti&i d t!at At! &irst t!ing I did -as I in&#rm d t! a''us d #& ! r '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, t! n I 3u sti#n d ! r a)#ut t! mari/uana t!at - r '#n&is'at d ::: and s! v r)a((* admitt d t!at s! s#(d t! 4 sti'.s and "#ss ss d and #-n d t! #t! r mari/uana ( av s,B CFI '#nvi't d ! r, r (*ing m#st(* #n Ni'andr#0s '#n& ssi#n as stat d in t! +#v s0 t stim#n*, S! a"" a( d, ISSUES 1, 51N '#urt rr d in giving "r#)ativ va(u t# t! t stim#n* #& t! #&&i' r 2, 51N rig!ts #& a''us d <vs s (&$in'riminati#n and t# '#n&r#nt -itn ss vs ! r= - r vi#(at d, t!us an* vid n' #)tain d t! r &r#m ar inadmissi)( HELD 1, 67S Ratio %! "r#s 'uti#n vid n' ( av s mu'! t# ) d sir d, It is at ) st un' rtain -! t! r an* "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss r a((* sa- t! a(( g d sa( #& mari/uana, Reasoning $ %! '#urt &#und t! t stim#n* #& Pat, +#v s unr (ia)( as it a"" ars t!at ! !ims (& -as unsur #& -!at ! sa-, &irst sa*ing t!at ! sa- t! mari/uana ) ing s#(d #" n(*, )ut -! n t! im"r#)a)i(it* #& i(( ga( drugs ) ing s#(d #" n(* -as "#int d #ut, ! 3ua(i&i d !is st#r* )* sa*ing t!at t! sa( t##. "(a' s 'r t(*, $it is "r#)a)( t!at +#v s did n#t r a((* s it! r t! a(( g d d (iv r* #& mari/uana #r t! su""#s d "a*m nt t! r &#r, 5it! !is t stim#n* s ri#us(* "(a' d in d#u)t, t! r is n#t mu'! ( &t #& t! "r#s 'uti#n vid n' , 2, 67S Ratio t! rig!t #& a " rs#n und r int rr#gati#n At# ) in&#rm dB im"(i s a '#rr (ativ #)(igati#n #n t! "art #& t! inv stigat#r t# :"(ain, and '#nt m"(at s an && 'tiv '#mmuni'ati#n t!at r su(ts in und rstanding -!at is '#nv * d, S!#rt #& t!is, t! r is a d nia( #& t! rig!t, as it 'ann#t tru(* ) said t!at t! " rs#n !as ) n Ain&#rm dB #& !is rig!ts, Reasoning $ r (ian' #n #ra( admissi#n is assai( d as vi#(ativ #& S '20, Art,I@, 1293 C#nsti <N# " rs#n s!a(( ) '#m" (( d t# ) a -itn ss vs !ims (&, An* " rs#n und r
inv stigati#n &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns s!a(( !av rig!t t# r main si( nt and t# '#uns (, and t# ) in, &#rm d #& a'! rig!t, N# &#r' , vi#(ati#n, t!r at, intimidati#n, #r an* #t! r m ans -!i'! vitiat s t! &r -i(( s!a(( ) us d against !im, An* '#n& ssi#n #)tain d in vi#(ati#n #& t!is s 'ti#n s!a(( ) inadmissi)( in vid n' = ,

PEOPLE v NICANDRO 141 SCRA 225 P?ANA; F )ruar* 11, 1286

NATURE A"" a( &r#m /udgm nt #& CFI >ani(a FACTS $ Pursuant t# in&#rmati#n r garding t! i(( ga( sa( #& "r#!i)it d drugs )* Ni'andr#, t! 5P; '#ndu't d surv i((an' and #rgani8 d an A ntra"m nt -it! t! '#n&id ntia( in&#rmant a'ting as t! )u* r #& mari/uana,B 5it!

Criminal Procedure
$ a)#v "r#visi#n is an :"and d v rsi#n #& t! rig!t vs s (&$in'riminati#n, &#rma((* in'#r"#rating t! d#'trin in >iranda v Ari8#naC At! "r#s 'uti#n ma* n#t us stat m nts, -! t! r :'u("at#r* #r in'u("at#r*, st mming &r#m 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n #& t! d & ndant un( ss it d m#nstrat s t! us #& "r#' dura( sa& guards && 'tiv t# s 'ur t! "rivi( g against s (&$ in'riminati#n, ::: As &#r t! "r#' dura( sa& guards t# ) m"(#* d, un( ss #t! r &u((* && 'tiv m ans ar d vis d t# in&#rm a''us d " rs#ns #& t! ir rig!t #& si( n' and t# assur a '#ntinu#us #""#rtunit* t# : r'is it, t! && m asur s ar r 3uir d, Pri#r t# an* 3u sti#ning, t! " rs#n must ) -arn d t!at ! !as a rig!t t# r main si( nt, t!at an* stat m nt ! d# s ma. ma* ) us d as vid n' against !im, and t!at ! !as a rig!t t# t! "r s n' #& an att*, it! r r tain d #r a""#int d, %! d & ndant ma* -aiv t!#s rig!ts, "r#vid d su'! is mad v#(untari(*, .n#-ing(* T int ((ig nt(*, I&, !#- v r, ! indi'at s in an* mann r T at an* stag #& t! "r#' ss t!at ! -is! s t# '#nsu(t -it! an att* ) &#r s" a.ing, t! r 'an ) n# 3u sti#ning, ?i. -is , i& t! individua( is a(#n T indi'at s in an* mann r t!at ! d# s n#t -is! t# ) int rr#gat d, t! "#(i' ma* n#t 3u sti#n !im, %! m r &a't t!at ! ma* !av ans- r d s#m 3u sti#ns #r v#(unt r d s#m stat m nts #n !is #-n d# s n#t d "riv !im #& t! rig!t t# r &rain &r#m ans- ring an* &urt! r in3uiri s unti( ! !as '#nsu(t d -it! an att#rn * T t! r a&t r '#ns nts t# ) 3u sti#n d,B <t! '#urt "#ints #ut t!at t! >iranda d#'trin r sts #n t! '#nstituti#na( guarant t!at n# " rs#n s!a(( ) '#m" (( d t# ) a -itn ss vs !ims (&= $ sin' rig!t At# ) in&#rm dB im"(i s '#m"r ! nsi#n, d gr #& :"(anati#n r 3uir d -i(( n ' ssar* var*, d " nding u"#n t! du'ati#n, int ((ig n' T #t! r r ( vant " rs#na( 'ir'umstan' s #& t! " rs#n und r inv stigati#n, A sim"( r T m#r (u'id :"(anati#n is n d d -! r t! su)/ 't is un( tt r d $ ?i. #t! r '#nstituti#na( rig!ts, t! rig!t vs s (&$in'riminati#n, in'(uding t! rig!t #& a " rs#n und r inv stigati#n t# r main si( nt T t# '#uns (, and t# ) in&#rm d #& su'! rig!t, ma* ) -aiv d, %# ) va(id, !#- v r, a -aiv r must n#t #n(* ) v#(untar*; it must ) mad .n#-ing(* T int ((ig nt(*, -!i'! "r su""#s s an a-ar n ss #r und rstanding #& -!at is ) ing -aiv d, It stands t# r as#n t!at -! r t! rig!t !as n#t ) n ad 3uat (* :"(ain d and t! r ar s ri#us d#u)ts as t# -! t! r t! " rs#n int rr#gat d .n - and und rst##d !is r ( vant '#nstituti#na( rig!ts -! n ! ans- r d t! 3u sti#ns, it is id( t# ta(. #& -aiv r #& rig!ts, $ in t!is 'as , +#v s did n#t sa* -!at s" 'i&i' rig!ts ! m nti#n d t# Ni'andr#, n it! r did ! stat t! mann r ! advis d ! r #& ! r rig!ts s# as t# ma. ! r und rstand t! m, %!is is "arti'u(ar(* im"t ) 'aus Ni'andr# -as i((it rat and 'an0t ) :" 't d t# ) a)( t# gras" t! signi&i'an' #& ! r rig!ts m r (* )* ! aring an a)stra't stat m nt t! r #&, $ As it is t! #)(igati#n #& t! inv stigat#r t# in&#rm a " rs#n und r inv stigati#n #& !is rig!ts, s# is it t! dut* #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# a&&irmativ (* sta)(is! '#m"(ian' )* t! inv stigat#r -it! !is said #)(igati#n, A)s nt su'! a&&irmativ s!#-ing, admissi#n #r '#n& ssi#n mad )* a " rs#n und r inv stigati#n 'ann#t ) admitt d in vid n' , $ >iranda v Ari8#naC A- -i(( n#t "r sum t!at d & ndant !as ) n && 'tiv (* a""ris d #& !is rig!ts and t!at !is "rivi( g vs s (& in'riminati#n !as ) n ad 3uat (* sa& guard d #n a r '#rd t!at d# sn0t s!#- t!at an* -arnings !av ) n giv n #r an* && 'tiv a(t rnativ !as ) n m"(#* d, N#r 'an a -aiv r #& t! s rig!ts ) assum d #n a si( nt r '#rdB Dispositive d 'isi#n S7% ASI;7, A'3uitt d &#r r as#na)( d#u)t

a2010 page "3

BATAAN SHIPYARD Q ENGINEERING CO INC :BASECO< v PCGG 150 SCRA 181 NAR@ASA; >a* 29, 1289
NATURE SP7CIA? CI@I? AC%I1N &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n t# r vi - t! #rd r #& t! Pr sid ntia( C#mmissi#n #n G##d G#v rnm nt FACTS $ C!a(( ng d in t!is s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n #& ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n )* a "rivat '#r"#rati#n .n#-n as t! Bataan S!i"*ard and 7ngin ring C#,, In', ar C <1= 7: 'utiv 1rd rs Num) r d 1 and 2, "r#mu(gat d )* Pr sid nt A3uin# #n F )ruar* 28, 1286 and >ar'! 12, 1286 <2= t! s 3u strati#n, ta. #v r, and #t! r #rd rs issu d, and a'ts d#n , in a''#rdan' -it! said : 'utiv #rd rs )* t! Pr sid ntia( C#mmissi#n #n G##d G#v rnm nt andM#r its C#mmissi#n rs and ag nts, a&& 'ting said '#r"#rati#n, $ 25S4CO prays that this Court 1= d '(ar un'#nstituti#na( and v#id 7: 'utiv 1rd rs Num) r d 1 and 2; 2= annu( t! s 3u strati#n #rd r dat d A"ri( 14, 1286, and a(( #t! r #rd rs su)s 3u nt(* issu d and a'ts d#n #n t! )asis t! r #&, in'(usiv #& t! ta. #v r #rd r #& +u(* 14, 1286 and t! t rminati#n #& t! s rvi' s #& t! BAS7C1 : 'utiv s, ISSUES 1, 51N 7: 'utiv N# s 1, 2 and 14 ar un'#nstituti#na( 2, 51N rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n 'an ) inv#. d )* BAS7C1 HELD 1, N1 4$ecutive Order No# , U str ss s t! Rurg nt n d t# r '#v r a(( i(($g#tt n - a(t!,R and "#stu(at s t!at Rvast r s#ur' s #& t! g#v rnm nt !av ) n amass d )* &#rm r Pr sid nt F rdinand 7, >ar'#s, !is imm diat &ami(*, r (ativ s, and '(#s ass#'iat s )#t! ! r and a)r#ad,R K"#n t! s "r mis s, t! Pr sid ntia( C#mmissi#n #n G##d G#v rnm nt -as 'r at d, R'!arg d -it! t! tas. #& assisting t! Pr sid nt in r gard t# <' rtain s" 'i&i d= matt rs, $ am#ng -!i'! -as "r 'is (* U In r (ati#n t# t! ta. #v r #r s 3u strati#n t!at it -as aut!#ri8 d t# und rta. in t! &u(&i((m nt #& its missi#n, t! PCGG -as grant d R"#- r and aut!#rit*R t# d# t! &#((#-ing "arti'u(ar a'ts, t# -itC 1, R%# se-uester or place or cause to !e placed under its control or possession an* )ui(ding #r #&&i' -! r in an* i(($g#tt n - a(t! #r "r#" rti s ma* ) &#und, and an* r '#rds " rtaining t! r t#, in #rd r t# "r v nt t! ir d stru'ti#n, '#n' a(m nt #r disa"" aran' -!i'! -#u(d &rustrat #r !am" r t! inv stigati#n #r #t! r-is "r v nt t! C#mmissi#n &r#m a''#m"(is!ing its tas., 2, R%# provisionally taCe over in the pu!lic interest or to prevent the disposal or dissipation, )usin ss nt r"ris s and "r#" rti s ta. n #v r )* t! g#v rnm nt #& t! >ar'#s Administrati#n #r )* ntiti s #r " rs#ns '(#s t# &#rm r Pr sid nt >ar'#s, unti( t! transa'ti#ns ( ading t# su'! a'3uisiti#n )* t! (att r 'an ) dis"#s d #& )* t! a""r#"riat aut!#riti s,R

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

3, R%# enjoin or restrain any actual or threatened commission o acts !y any person or entity t!at ma* r nd r m##t and a'ad mi', #r &rustrat #r #t! r-is ma. in && 'tua( t! &&#rts #& t! C#mmissi#n t# 'arr* #ut its tas. und r t!is #rd r, R U S# t!at it mig!t as' rtain t! &a'ts g rman t# its #)/ 'tiv s, it -as grant d "#- r t# '#ndu't inv stigati#ns, r 3uir su)missi#n #& vid n' )* su)"# na ad t sti&i'ati#n and du' s t 'um; administ r #at!s; "unis! &#r '#nt m"t, It -as giv n "#- r a(s# t# "r#mu(gat su'! ru( s and r gu(ati#ns as ma* ) n ' ssar* t# 'arr* #ut t! "ur"#s s #& <its 'r ati#n=, R 4$ecutive Order No# ) U giv s additi#na( and m#r s" 'i&i' data and dir 'ti#ns r s" 'ting Rt! r '#v r* #& i(($g#tt n "r#" rti s amass d )* t! ( ad rs and su""#rt rs #& t! "r vi#us r gim ,R It d '(ar s t!atC 1= RV V t! G#v rnm nt #& t! P!i(i""in s is in "#ss ssi#n #& vid n' s!#-ing t!at t! r ar ass ts and "r#" rti s "ur"#rt d(* " rtaining t# &#rm r F rdinand 7, >ar'#s, andM#r !is -i& >rs, Im (da R#mua(d 8 >ar'#s, t! ir '(#s r (ativ s, su)#rdinat s, )usin ss ass#'iat s, dummi s, ag nts #r n#min s -!i'! !ad ) n #r - r a'3uir d )* t! m dir 't(* #r indir 't(*, t!r#ug! #r as a r su(t #& t! im"r#" r #r i(( ga( us #& &unds #r "r#" rti s #-n d )* t! g#v rnm nt #& t! P!i(i""in s #r an* #& its )ran'! s, instrum nta(iti s, nt r"ris s, )an.s #r &inan'ia( instituti#ns, #r )* ta.ing undu advantag #& t! ir #&&i' , aut!#rit*, in&(u n' , '#nn 'ti#ns #r r (ati#ns!i", r su(ting in t! ir un/ust nri'!m nt and 'ausing grav damag and "r /udi' t# t! Fi(i"in# " #"( and t! R "u)(i' #& t! P!i(i""in s; and 2= R V said ass ts and "r#" rti s ar in t! &#rm #& )an. a''#unts, d "#sits, trust a''#unts, s!ar s #& st#'.s, )ui(dings, s!#""ing ' nt rs, '#nd#miniums, mansi#ns, r sid n' s, stat s, and #t! r .inds #& r a( and " rs#na( "r#" rti s in t! P!i(i""in s and in vari#us '#untri s #& t! -#r(d,R K"#n t! s "r mis s, t! Pr sid nt 1= ro1e Dall assets and properties in the Philippines in -!i'! &#rm r Pr sid nt >ar'#s andM#r !is -i& , >rs, Im (da R#mua(d 8 >ar'#s, t! ir '(#s r (ativ s, su)#rdinat s, )usin ss ass#'iat s, dummi s, ag nts, #r n#min s !av an* int r st #r "arti'i"ati#nR 2= prohi!ited &#rm r Pr sid nt F rdinand >ar'#s andM#r !is -i& V V, t! ir '(#s r (ativ s, su)#rdinat s, )usin ss ass#'iat s, dummi s, ag nts, #r n#min s rom trans erring( conveying( encum!ering( concealing or dissipating said assets or properties in t! P!i(i""in s and a)r#ad 3= "r#!i)it d Ran* " rs#n &r#m trans& rring '#nv *ing, n'um) ring #r #t! r-is d "( ting #r '#n' a(ing su'! ass ts and "r#" rti s #r &r#m assisting #r ta.ing "art in t! ir trans& r, n'um)ran' , '#n' a(m nt #r dissi"ati#n und r "ain #& su'! " na(ti s as ar "r s'ri) d )* (a-;R and 4= r 3uir d Ra(( " rs#ns in t! P!i(i""in s !#(ding su'! ass ts #r "r#" rti s, -! t! r (#'at d in t! P!i(i""in s #r a)r#ad, in t! ir nam s as n#min s, ag nts #r trust s, to maCe ull disclosure #& t! sam t# t! C#mmissi#n #n G##d G#v rnm nt -it!in t!irt* <30= da*s &r#m "u)(i'ati#n #& V <t! = 7: 'utiv 1rd r, R 4$ecutive Order No# ,B U PCGG is m"#- r d, R-it! t! assistan' #& t! 1&&i' #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( and #t! r g#v rnm nt ag n'i s, V V t# &i( and "r#s 'ut a(( 'as s inv stigat d )* it V V as ma* ) -arrant d )* its &indings,QR34 A(( su'! 'as s, -! t! r 'ivi( #r 'rimina(, ar t# ) &i( d R-it! t!

Criminal Procedure
Sandigan)a*an, -!i'! s!a(( !av :'(usiv and #rigina( /urisdi'ti#n t! r #&,R U R<'=ivi( suits &#r r stituti#n, r "arati#n #& damag s, #r ind mni&i'ati#n &#r '#ns 3u ntia( damag s, &#r& itur "r#' dings "r#vid d &#r und r R "u)(i' A't N#, 1392, #r an* #t! r 'ivi( a'ti#ns und r t! Civi( C#d #r #t! r :isting (a-s, in '#nn 'ti#n -it! V V <said 7: 'utiv 1rd rs Num) r d I and 2= ma* ) &i( d s "arat (* &r#m and "r#' d ind " nd nt(* #& an* 'rimina( "r#' dings and ma* ) "r#v d )* a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' ;R and t!at, m#r #v r, t! Rt '!ni'a( ru( s #& "r#' dur and vid n' s!a(( n#t ) stri't(* a""(i d t#V V<said= 'ivi( 'as s,R 2, N1, t! r is N# @i#(ati#n #& Rig!t against S (&$In'riminati#n Ratio It is ( m ntar* t!at t! rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n !as n# a""(i'ati#n t# /uridi'a( " rs#ns, Reasoning $ 25S4CO contends t!at its rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n and unr as#na)( s ar'! s and s i8ur s !ad ) n transgr ss d )* t! 1rd r #& A"ri( 18, 1286 -!i'! r 3uir d it Rt# "r#du' '#r"#rat r '#rds &r#m 1293 t# 1286 und r "ain #& '#nt m"t #& t! C#mmissi#n i& it &ai(s t# d# s#,R %! #rd r -as issu d u"#n t! aut!#rit* #& S 'ti#n 3 < = #& 7: 'utiv 1rd r N#, 1, tr ating #& t! PCGGQs "#- r t# Rissu su)"# nas r 3uiring t! "r#du'ti#n #& su'! )##.s, "a" rs,'#ntra'ts, r '#rds, stat m nts #& a''#unts and #t! r d#'um nts as ma* ) mat ria( t# t! inv stigati#n '#ndu't d )* t! C#mmissi#n,R and "aragra"! <3=, 7: 'utiv 1rd r N#, 2 d a(ing -it! its "#- r t# R<r= 3uir a(( " rs#ns in t! P!i(i""in s !#(ding V V<a(( g d Ri(($g#tt nR= ass ts #r "r#" rti s, -! t! r (#'at d in t! P!i(i""in s #r a)r#ad, in t! ir nam s as n#min s, ag nts #r trust s, t# ma. &u(( dis'(#sur #& t! sam VV, R $ 5!i( an individua( ma* (a-&u((* r &us t# ans- r in'riminating 3u sti#ns un( ss "r#t 't d )* an immunit* statut , it d# s n#t &#((#- t!at a '#r"#rati#n, v st d -it! s" 'ia( "rivi( g s and &ran'!is s, ma* r &us t# s!#- its !and -! n '!arg d -it! an a)us #& su'! "rivi( g s $ OClahoma Press Pu!lishing Co# v# @alling U '#r"#rati#ns ar n#t ntit( d t# a(( #& t! '#nstituti#na( "r#t 'ti#ns -!i'! "rivat individua(s !av , %! * ar n#t at a(( -it!in t! "rivi( g against s (&$in'riminati#r, a(t!#ug! t!is '#urt m#r t!an #n' !as said t!at t! "rivi( g runs v r* '(#s (* -it! t! 4t! Am ndm ntQs S ar'! and S i8ur "r#visi#ns, It is a(s# s tt( d t!at an #&&i' r #& t! '#m"an* 'ann#t r &us t# "r#du' its r '#rds in its "#ss ssi#n, u"#n t! "( a t!at t! * -i(( it! r in'riminat !im #r ma* in'riminat it, $ @ilson v# 3nited States U %! '#r"#rati#n is a 'r atur #& t! stat , It is "r sum d t# ) in'#r"#rat d &#r t! ) n &it #& t! "u)(i', It r ' iv d ' rtain s" 'ia( "rivi( g s and &ran'!is s, and !#(ds t! m su)/ 't t# t! (a-s #& t! stat and t! (imitati#ns #& its '!art r, Its "#- rs ar (imit d )* (a-, It 'an ma. n# '#ntra't n#t aut!#ri8 d )* its '!art r, Its rig!ts t# a't as a '#r"#rati#n ar #n(* "r s rv d t# it s# (#ng as it #) *s t! (a-s #& its 'r ati#n, %! r is a r s rv rig!t in t! ( gis(atur t# inv stigat its '#ntra'ts and &ind #ut -! t! r it !as :' d d its "#- rs, It -#u(d ) a strang an#ma(* t# !#(d t!at a stat , !aving '!art r d a '#r"#rati#n t# ma. us #& ' rtain &ran'!is s, '#u(d n#t, in t! : r'is #& s#v r ignt*, in3uir !#- t! s &ran'!is s !ad ) n m"(#* d, and -! t! r t! * !ad ) n a)us d, and d mand t! "r#du'ti#n #& t! '#r"#rat )##.s and "a" rs &#r t!at "ur"#s , %! d & ns am#unts t# t!is, t!at an #&&i' r #& t! '#r"#rati#n -!i'! is '!arg d -it! a 'rimina( vi#(ati#n #& t! statut ma* "( ad t! 'rimina(it* #& su'! '#r"#rati#n as a r &usa( t# "r#du' its )##.s, %# stat

a2010 page "4

t!is "r#"#siti#n is t# ans- r it, 5!i( an individua( ma* (a-&u((* r &us t# ans- r in'riminating 3u sti#ns un( ss "r#t 't d )* an immunit* statut , it d# s n#t &#((#- t!at a '#r"#rati#n, v st d -it! s" 'ia( "rivi( g s and &ran'!is s ma* r &us t# s!#- its !and -! n '!arg d -it! an a)us #& su'! "rivi( g s, $ At an* rat , 7: 'utiv 1rd r N#, 14$A, am nding S 'ti#n 4 #& 7: 'utiv 1rd r N#, 14 assur s "r#t 'ti#n t# individua(s r 3uir d t# "r#du' vid n' ) &#r t! PCGG against an* "#ssi)( vi#(ati#n #& !is rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n, It giv s t! m immunit* &r#m "r#s 'uti#n #n t! )asis #& t stim#n* #r in&#rmati#n ! is '#m" (( d t# "r s nt, As am nd d, said S 'ti#n 4 n#- "r#vid s t!at R%! -itn ss ma* n#t r &us t# '#m"(* -it! t! #rd r #n t! )asis #& !is "rivi( g against s (&$in'riminati#n; )ut n# t stim#n* #r #t! r in&#rmati#n '#m" (( d und r t! #rd r <#r an* in&#rmati#n dir 't(* #r indir 't(* d riv d &r#m su'! t stim#n*, #r #t! r in&#rmati#n= ma* ) us d against t! -itn ss in an* 'rimina( 'as , :' "t a "r#s 'uti#n &#r " r/ur*, giving a &a(s stat m nt, #r #t! r-is &ai(ing t# '#m"(* -it! t! #rd r,R Dispositive " titi#n is dismiss d :oting 6a", F rnan, Paras, Gan'a*'# and Sarmi nt# '#n'ur % !an. , '#n'urs in a s "arat #"ini#n, > ( n'i#$4 rr ra, '#n'urs -it! 3ua(i&i'ati#ns in a s "arati#n #"ini#n, Guti rr 8, +r, s '#n'urring and diss nting #"ini#n, Cru8 diss nts in a s "arat #"ini#n, F (i'ian# /#ins >, 4 rr raQs 3ua(i&i d '#n'urring #"ini#n, Padi((a s '#n'urring #"ini#n, Bidin /#ins Guti rr 8 in !is '#n'urring and diss nting #"ini#n, C#rt s /#ins Guti rr 8 in !is '#n'urring and diss nting #"ini#n,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

HELD 67S $ S 'ti#ns 1 and 2, Ru( 132 12 #& t! ru( s #& C#urt '( ar(* r 3uir t!at t! t stim#n* #& a -itn ss s!a(( ) giv n #ra((* in #" n '#urt, Reasoning $ %! main and ss ntia( "ur"#s #& t! ru( is t# s 'ur &#r t! adv rs "art* t! #""#rtunit* t# 'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss "r s nt d, %! A#""#n ntB d mands '#n&r#ntati#n &#r t! "ur"#s #& 'r#ss :aminati#n -!i'! 'ann#t ) !ad :' "t )* t! dir 't and " rs#na( "utting #& 3u sti#ns and #)taining imm diat ans- rs, $ %! r is a(s# t! advantag #)tain d in t! " rs#na( a"" aran' #& t! -itn ss in #" n '#urt as it a&&#rds t! /udg t# ass ss t! - ig!t and va(u t!at 'an ) giv n t# an* #& t! t stim#n* )as d #n !is " r' "ti#n #& t! -itn ss0 '#unt nan' , mann r, and :"r ssi#n, In d d, t! gr at - ig!t giv n t! &indings #& &a't #& t! tria( /udg in t! a"" ((at '#urt is )as d "r 'is (* u"#n t! /udg !aving !ad t! #""#rtunit* and t! assum"ti#n t!at ! t##. advantag #& it t# as' rtain t! 'r di)i(it* #& t! -itn ss, $ Ru( s g#v rning t! :aminati#n #& -itn ss s ar int nd d t# "r#t 't t! rig!ts #& t! (itigants and t# s 'ur #rd r(* dis"at'! #& t! )usin ss #& t! '#urts, 4 n' #n(* 3u sti#ns dir 't d t# t! (i'iting #& t stim#n* -!i'!, und r t! g n ra( ru( s #& vid n' , is r ( vant t# and '#m" t nt t# "r#v , t! issu s #& t! 'as , ma* ) "r#"#und d t# t! -itn ss, Dispositive P titi#n grant d, %! #rd r #& t! /udg is s t asid ,

SEPARATE OPINION BARREDO G.$0.u*H

$ Barr d# n#t d t!at it -as t! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r -!# #)/ 't d t# t! "r#' dur ada"t d and t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( #n(* '#mm nt d at t! insist n' #& t! Su"r m C#urt, $ 5!i( '#n'urring -it! t! #"ini#n #& t! '#urt, Barr d# & (t t!at t! a""r#a'! is n#v ( as t!is ma* ) a s#(uti#n t# s" ding u" tria(s in t! (#- r '#urts, 4 n v rt! ( ss stat d t!at t! "r#' dur '#u(d "r#)a)(* -#r. #n(* &#r 'ivi( 'as s, $ Barr d# an'!#r d !is a""r#)ati#n #& t! "r#' dur #n t! &a't t!at 'r#ss :aminati#n ma* ) !ad v n i& dir 't :aminati#n is dis" ns d -it!, 4 n' t! C#nstituti#na( r 3uir m nt t!at t! #""#n nt ) giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# '#n&r#nt t! -itn ss is m t, $ Barr d# sugg st d ' rtain im"r#v m nts "ri#r t# t! ad#"ti#n #& t! "r#' dur , Am#ng t! s ar t! n d &#r t! t stim#n* t# ) su)mitt d t# t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r v tting as t# mat ria(it* and r ( van' , Sam s!#u(d ) su)mitt d t# t! /udg &#r !is #-n :aminati#n as t# mat ria(it* and r ( van' ,

PEOPLE v ESTENSO 92 SCRA 493 AN%1NI1; August 29, 1296

NATURE 1rigina( A'ti#n &#r C rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $ In Crimina( Cas N#, 2821, ntit( d P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s vs Gr g#ri# 1/#*, #& t! CFI #& I(#i(#, t! '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d, a&t r t! a''us d !ims (& !ad a(r ad* t sti&i d in !is #-n tria(, mani& st d t# t! C#urt t!at ! -as &i(ing #n(* a&&idavits &#r !is su)s 3u nt -itn ss s su)/ 't t# 'r#ss$ :aminati#n )* t! "r#s 'uti#n #n matt rs stat d in t! said a&&idavits and #n a(( matt rs " rtin nt and mat ria( t# t! 'as , $ %! "rivat "r#s 'ut#r #)/ 't d t# t! mani& stati#n as t! sam is a vi#(ati#n #& S 'ti#ns 1 and 2 #& Ru( 132 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, -!i'! r 3uir t!at t stim#n* #& t! -itn ss s s!#u(d ) giv n #ra((* in #" n '#urt, $ %! CFI /udg grant d t! m#ti#n #& t! d & ns , 4 n' t!is a"" a(, ISSUE 51N t! CFI /udg rr d in a((#-ing t! /ust t! su)missi#n #& a&&idavits in (i u #& #ra( t stim#n*

12

S 'ti#n 1, % stim#n* t# ) giv n in #" n '#urt,$ t! t stim#n* #& -itn ss s s!a(( ) giv n #ra((* in #" n '#urt and und r #at! #r a&&irmati#n, S 'ti#n 2, % stim#n* in Su" ri#r C#urts t# ) r du' d in -riting,$ In su" ri#r '#urts, t! t stim#n* #& a'! -itn ss s!a(( ) ta. n in s!#rt!and #r st n#t*" , t! nam , r sid n' , and #''u"ati#n #& t! -itn ss ) ing stat d, and a(( t! 3u sti#ns "ut t! -itn ss and !is ans- rs t! r t# ) ing in'(ud d, I& a 3u sti#n "ut is #)/ 't d t# and t! #)/ 'ti#n is ru( d #n, t! natur #& t! #)/ 'ti#n and t! gr#und #n -!i'! it -as sustain d #r #v rru( d must ) stat d, #r i& t! -itn ss d '(in s t# ans- r a 3u sti#n #ut, t! &a't and t! "r#' dings ta. n t! r #n s!a(( ) nt r d in t! r '#rd, A trans'ri"t #& t! r '#rd mad )* t! #&&i'ia( st n#gra"! r s# st n#t*"ist and ' rti&i d as '#rr 't )* !im s!a(( ) "rima &a'i a '#rr 't stat m nt #& su'! t stim#n* and "r#' dings,

Criminal Procedure
PEOPLE v LI"ANAG 93 SCRA 493 C1NC7PCI1N; 1't#) r 12, 1296
NATURE A"" a( &r#m t! /udgm nt #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Bataan, &inding t! a''us d gui(t* #& vi#(ating t! "r#visi#ns #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 1900, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! Anti$Su)v rsi#n A't, and s nt n'ing !im t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& r '(usi#n " r" tua -it! t! a'' ss#ri s #& t! (a-, and t# "a* t! '#sts, FACTS $ ?i-anag -as '!arg d &#r vi#(ating t! "r#visi#ns #& RA 1900, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! Anti$Su)v rsi#n A't, in an in&#rmati#n &i( d ) &#r t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Bataan, &#r !aving un(a-&u((* and -i(&u((* '#ntinu d and r main d as #&&i' r andM#r ran.ing ( ad r #& t! #ut(a- d CPP and its mi(itar* arm, t! 4>B, unti( !is a""r ! nsi#n, -it!#ut !aving r n#un' d !is a&#r m nti#n d ( ad rs!i" andM#r m m) rs!i" t! r in -it!in t! " ri#d "r s'ri) d )* (a-, and, -!i( r maining as su'! ( ad r #r !ig!$ ran.ing m m) r, !as ta. n u" arms against t! G#v rnm nt )* ma.ing and '#ndu'ting raids, am)us'ad s and arm d atta'.s against 'ivi(ians, P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar*, and (#'a( "#(i' &#r' s, $ Pr (iminar* inv stigati#n -as '#ndu't d )* t! CFI #& Bataan, Finding a "rima &a'i 'as against t! a"" ((ant, t! C#urt issu d t! '#rr s"#nding -arrant &#r t! arr st and t! r a&t r s t t! 'as &#r tria(, $ K"#n ) ing arraign d, ?i-anag, assist d )* !is '#uns (, -aiv d t! r ading #& t! in&#rmati#n and nt r d a "( a #& n#t gui(t*, In vi - #& t! d sir #& !is '#uns ( t# &i( a m#ti#n t# 3uas!, t! '#urt grant d ?i-anag t- nt* <20= da*s -it!in -!i'! t# d# s#, $ ?i-anag &i( d a m#ti#n t# 3uas! t! in&#rmati#n u"#n t! gr#unds t!at ! !as ) n "r vi#us(* '#nvi't d #& r ) ((i#n )as d u"#n t! sam #v rt a'ts as in t! instant 'as , and t!at R "u)(i' A't N#, 1900 is an : "#st "a't# (a- <)i(( #& attaind r= in t!at it '!ang s t! "unis!m nt and in&(i'ts a gr at r "unis!m nt #r " na(t* t!an t!at ann : d t# t! 'rim -! n '#mmitt d, %! '#urt d ni d t! m#ti#n, $ %! 'as -as su)s 3u nt(* s t &#r tria(, t! "r#s 'uti#n m#v d t!at t! t stim#n* #& t! -itn ss s "r s nt d during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #& t!is 'as ) ad#"t d as "art #& t! vid n' in '!i & #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, %! tria( '#urt grant d t! m#ti#n su)/ 't t# t! '#nditi#n t!at t! -itn ss s ) &urt! r 'r#ss$ :amin d )* '#uns ( &#r t! a''us d, $ At t! tria(, t! -itn ss s &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n -!# t sti&i d at t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n - r r 'a(( d and - r again 'r#ss$ :amin d )* '#uns ( &#r t! a"" ((ant, %# )#(st r t! ir 'as , t! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d t!r additi#na( -itn ss s, %! d & ns , "r s nt d t! a"" ((ant !ims (& -!# stat d t!at a&t r !is a""r ! nsi#n, ! -as '!arg d -it! r ) ((i#n ) &#r t! CFI #& Pam"anga and &#und gui(t* t! r #&; and ! -as a(s# '!arg d -it! murd r ) &#r t! CFI #& %ar(a' and a'3uitt d; and t!at ! surr nd r d t# t! PC "atr#(, 4#- v r, ! admitt d m m) rs!i" in t! 4u.)a(a!a", and (at r in t! 4>B, &r#m 1248 t# 1260, and did n#t ta. advantag #& t! amn st* #&& r d in 1248, $ %! tria( '#urt &#und t! a''us d gui(t* #& t! 'rim #& su)v rsi#n, as '!arg d, ISSUES

a2010 page "5

1, 51N ?i-anag -as d "riv d #& !is &undam nta( rig!t t# '#n&r#nt t! -itn ss s against !im -! n t! tria( '#urt grant d t! m#ti#n #& t! Fis'a( t!at t! t stim#n* #& t! -itn ss s "r s nt d during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n ) ad#"t d and mad "art #& t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n 2, 51N tria( '#urt rr d in &inding ?i-anag gui(t* 3, 51N !aving ) n '!arg d -it! r ) ((i#n and su)v rsi#n )as d u"#n t! sam #v rt a't, and sin' ! !ad a(r ad* ) n '#nvi't d #& r ) ((i#n, ! 'ann#t n#- ) "r#s 'ut d &#r su)v rsi#n 4, 51N t! d 'isi#n s!#u(d !av ) n "r#mu(gat d in t! CFI #& Ri8a(, Ou 8#n Cit* Bran'!, '#nsid ring t!at ! -as t! n d tain d #r '#n&in d at Cam" Cram , Ou 8#n Cit*, and n#t in t! Pasig Bran'! #& said C#urt HELD 1, N1 $ %! C#nstituti#n guarant s an a''us d " rs#n t! rig!t t# m t t! -itn ss s against !im &a' t# &a' , %!is "r#visi#n Rint nds t# s 'ur t! a''us d in t! rig!t t# ) tri d, s# &ar as &a'ts "r#va)( )* -itn ss s ar '#n' rn d, )* #n(* su'! -itn ss s as m t !im &a' t# &a' at t! tria(, -!# giv t! ir t stim#n* in !is "r s n' , and giv t# t! a''us d an #""#rtunit* #& 'r#ss$ :aminati#n, It -as int nd d t# "r v nt t! '#nvi'ti#n #& t! a''us d u"#n d "#siti#ns #r :$"art a&&idavits, and "arti'u(ar(* t# "r s rv t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# t st t! r '#(( 'ti#n #& t! -itn ss s in t! : r'is #& t! rig!t #& 'r#ss$ :aminati#n,R $ 4 r , t! t stim#n* s#ug!t t# ) mad "art #& t! vid n' in '!i & ar n#t :$"art a&&idavits, )ut t stim#n* #& -itn ss s ta. n d#-n )* 3u sti#n and ans- r during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n in t! "r s n' #& t! a''us d and !is '#uns ( -!# su)/ 't d t! said -itn ss s t# a rigid and '(#s 'r#ss$ :aminati#n, %! in'(usi#n #& said t stim#n* -as mad su)/ 't t# t! rig!t #& t! d & ndant t# &urt! r 'r#ss$ :amin t! -itn ss s -!#s t stim#n* ar s#ug!t t# ) r "r#du' d and, "ursuant t# said #rd r, t! -itn ss s - r r 'a(( d t# t! stand during t! tria( and again :amin d in t! "r s n' #& t! a"" ((ant, K"#n t! &a'ts, t! r -as n# 'urtai(m nt #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! a''us d t# m t t! -itn ss s &a' t# &a' , 2, N1 $ S 'ti#n 9 #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 1900, "r#vid s t!at RN# " rs#n s!a(( ) '#nvi't d #& an* #& t! #&& ns s " na(i8 d ! r in -it! "risi#n ma*#r t# d at! un( ss #n t! t stim#n* #& at ( ast t-# -itn ss s t# t! sam #v rt a't #r #n '#n& ssi#n #& t! a''us d in #" n '#urt,R $ A"" ((antQs ) ing an #&&i' r #r ran.ing ( ad r #& t! CPP and its mi(itar* arm, t! 4>B, is )#rn #ut )* t! t stim#n* #& &#rm r ass#'iat s #& t! a"" ((ant in t! CPP and t! 4>B, %! r is !is s-#rn stat m nt -! r in t! a"" ((ant admitt d m m) rs!i" in t! C ntra( C#mmitt #& t! CPP and r '#unt d !is "rismati' ris in t! R4u.)a(a!a"R and (at r in t! 4>B, as - (( as t! num r#us arm d '(as! s ! and !is m n !ad -it! t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* and "#(i' &#r' s, %! r is a(s# t! t stim#n* as t# t! gun )att( ) t- n a PC "atr#( and a gr#u" #& 4>B m n ( d )* t! a"" ((ant in Bataan, -! r t! a"" ((ant -as 'a"tur d a(#ng -it! !is -i& , B sid s, a"" ((ant admitt d in '#urt t!at ! -as a m m) r #& t! R4u.)a(a!a"R and t! 4>B and &#ug!t against t! g#v rnm nt, 3, N1 $ @i#(ati#n #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 1900, #r su)v rsi#n, is a 'rim distin't &r#m t!at #& a'tua( r ) ((i#n,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ %! 'rim #& r ) ((i#n is '#mmitt d )* rising "u)(i'(* and ta.ing u" arms against t! G#v rnm nt &#r an* #& t! "ur"#s s s" 'i&i d in Arti'( 134 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d ; -!i( t! Anti$Su)v rsi#n A't "unis! s a&&i(iati#n #r m m) rs!i" in a su)v rsiv #rgani8ati#n as d &in d t! r in, In r ) ((i#n, t! r must ) a "u)(i' u"rising and t! ta.ing #& arms against t! G#v rnm nt; -! r as, in su)v rsi#n, m r m m) rs!i" in a su)v rsiv ass#'iati#n is su&&i'i nt, and t! ta.ing u" #& arms )* a m m) r #& a su)v rsiv #rgani8ati#n against t! G#v rnm nt is )ut a 'ir'umstan' -!i'! rais s t! " na(t* t# ) im"#s d u"#n t! #&& nd r, $ In t! r ) ((i#n 'as , t! a"" ((ant and s v ra( #t! rs - r '!arg d and '#nvi't d #& r ) ((i#n &#r !aving ris n "u)(i'(* and ta. n u" arms against t! G#v rnm nt &#r t! "ur"#s #& r m#ving t! a(( gian' #& t! R "u)(i' #& t! P!i(i""in s #r its (a-s, t! t rrit#r* #& t! P!i(i""in s, and in &urt! ran' t! r #&, ngag d in '#m)at against t! &#r' s #& t! G#v rnm nt, d str#* d "r#" rt*, and '#mmitt d s ri#us vi#( n' during t! " ri#d &r#m >a* 28, 1246 t# +un 12, 1259, $ %! a''us d is "r#s 'ut d und r RA 1900 &#r !aving r main d a !ig! ran.ing m m) r #& t! CPP and its mi(itar* arm, t! 4>B, &r#m +anuar*, 1246 t# +un 21, 1260, -it!#ut !aving r n#un' d !is m m) rs!i" in said #rgani8ati#ns; and, ) ing a m m) r #r #&&i' r #& said su)v rsiv ass#'iati#n, !as ta. n u" arms against t! G#v rnm nt, $ A(t!#ug! t! in&#rmati#n '!arg s t! a"" ((ant -it! !aving ta. n u" arms against t! G#v rnm nt, t! sam is n#t s" 'i&i' as t# t! " ri#d '#v r d )* it, But, sin' t! a"" ((ant is "r#s 'ut d &#r vi#(ati#n #& R "u)(i' A't N#, 1900 it is d du'i)( t!at t! " ri#d '#v r d is t!at &r#m +un 20, 1259, -! n t! A't t##. && 't, u" t# +un 21, 1260, -! n t! a"" ((ant -as 'a"tur d, Inasmu'! as t! r ) ((i#n 'as '#v r d t! " ri#d u" t# +un 12, 1259 and t! " ri#d '#v r d in t! instant 'as is &r#m +un 20, 1259 t# +un 21, 1260, t! '(aim #& !aving ) n "ut t-i' in / #"ard* &#r t! sam a't 'ann#t ) sustain d, 4, N1 $ %! r '#rds s!#- t!at ! !ad ) n '#n&in d at F#rt B#ni&a'i# <t! n .n#-n as F#rt 5i((iam >'.in( *=, >a.ati, Ri8a(, sin' N#v m) r 20, 1262 and '#ntinu d t# ) d tain d t! r in during t! '#ntinuati#n #& t! tria(, u" t# its t rminati#n, Dispositive KP1N %47 F1R7G1ING, t! d 'isi#n a"" a( d &r#m s!#u(d ) , as it is, ! r )* a&&irm d, -it! '#sts,

TALINO v SANDIGANBAYAN 148 SCRA 528 CRKL; >ar'! 16, 1289

FACTS $ %a(in#, a(#ng -it! s v ra( #t! rs, - r '!arg d in &#ur s "arat in&#rmati#ns -it! sta&a t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i' d#'um nts &#r !aving a(( g d(* '#ns"ir d t# d &raud t! g#v rnm nt in t! t#ta( am#unt #& P26,523,00, r "r s nting t! '#st #& r "airs '(aim d t# !av ) n und rta. n, )ut a'tua((* n#t n d d and n v r mad , #n &#ur g#v rnm nt v !i'( s, t!r#ug! &a(si&i'ati#n #& t! su""#rting "a" rs t# aut!#ri8 t! i(( ga( "a*m nts, %! 'as s - r tri d /#int(* &#r a(( t! a''us d unti( G nar# Basi(i#, A( /andr# >a'adangdang and " titi#n r %a(in# as. d &#r s "arat tria(s, -!i'! - r a((#- d, At #n #& t! "r#' dings, Pi# K(at gav damaging t stim#n* against %a(in#, %! Sandigan)a*an r nd r d its d 'isi#n in a(( t! &#ur 'as s &inding %a(in#, Basi(i#, >a'adangdang

Criminal Procedure
K(at and R nat# @a(d 8 gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim s '!arg d -!i( a)s#(ving t! #t! r d & ndants &#r insu&&i'i nt vid n' , %!is d 'isi#n is n#- '!a(( ng d )* %a(in# #n t! gr#und t!at it vi#(at s !is rig!t #& '#n&r#ntati#n as guarant d )* t! C#nstituti#n, $ In its d 'isi#n, t! '#urt mad t! && r mar.sC %! " 'u(iarit* #& t! tria( #& t! s 'as s is t! &a't t!at 5 a((#- d, u"#n t! ir " titi#n, s "arat tria(s &#r t! a''us d Basi(i# and %a(in# and >a'adangdang, %!is ) ing t! 'as , 5 'an #n(* '#nsid r, in d 'iding t! s 'as s as against t! m, t! vid n' &#r t! , "r#s 'uti#n as - n as t! ir #-n vid n' , 7vid n' #&& r d )* t! #t! r a''us d 'an n#t ) ta. n u", It -#u(d r a((* !av ) n sim"( r !ad t! r ) n n# s "arat tria( ) 'aus t! a''us d Pi# K(at said s# man* in'riminat#r* t!ings against t! #t! r a''us d -! n ! t##. t! stand in !is #-n d & ns , But ) 'aus Basi(i#, %a(in# and >a'adangdang - r grant d s "arat tria(s and t! * did n#t 'r#ss :amin K(at ) 'aus , as a matt r #& &a't, t! * - r n#t v n r 3uir d t# ) "r s nt -! n t! #t! r a''us d - r "r s nting t! ir d & ns s, t! (att rQs t stim#ni s 'an n#t n#- ) '#nsid r d against said t!r a''us d, $ %! grant #& a s "arat tria( r sts in t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! '#urt and is n#t a matt r #& rig!t t# t! a''us d, s" 'ia((* -! r , as in t!is 'as , it is s#ug!t a&t r t! "r s ntati#n #& t! vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, %! ru( in v r* 'as is t!at t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d : r'is t! utm#st 'ir'ums" 'ti#n in granting a m#ti#n &#r s "arat tria(, a((#-ing t! sam #n(* a&t r a t!#r#ug! stud* #& t! '(aim d /usti&i'ati#n t! r &#r, i& #n(* t# av#id t! s ri#us di&&i'u(ti s t!at ma* aris , su'! as t! #n n'#unt r d and r gr tt d )* t! r s"#nd nt '#urt, in a''#rding t! a''us d t! rig!t #& '#n&r#ntati#n, $ %! rig!t #& '#n&r#ntati#n is #n #& t! &undam nta( rig!ts guarant d )* t! C#nstituti#n t# t! " rs#n &a'ing 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n -!# s!#u(d .n#-, in &airn ss, -!# !is a''us rs ar and must ) giv n a '!an' t# 'r#ss$ :amin t! m #n t! ir '!arg s, N# a''usati#n is " rmitt d t# ) mad against !is )a'. #r in !is a)s n' n#r is an* d r#gat#r* in&#rmati#n a'' "t d i& it is mad an#n*m#us(*, as in "#is#n " n ( tt rs s nt )* " rs#ns -!# 'ann#t stand )* t! ir (i) (s and must s!r#ud t! ir s"it in s 'r '*, In Jnited !tates v. Kavier '#n&r#ntati#n is ss ntia( ) 'aus 'r#ss$ :aminati#n is ss ntia(, A s '#nd r as#n &#r t! "r#!i)iti#n is t!at a tri)una( ma* !av ) &#r it t! d "#rtm nt and a"" aran' #& t! -itn ss -!i( t sti&*ing, ISSUE 51N t! d 'isi#n #& t! '#urt vi#(at s %a(in#0s rig!t #& '#n&r#ntati#n as guarant d )* t! C#nstituti#n HELD N1 $ %! '#urt !av 'ar &u((* studi d t! d 'isi#n und r '!a(( ng and &ind t!at t! r s"#nd nt '#urt did n#t '#nsid r t! t stim#n* giv n )* K(at in '#nvi'ting %a(in#, %! "art #& t!at d 'isi#n &inding %a(in# gui(t* mad n# m nti#n #& K(at at a(( )ut '#n&in d its (& t# t! " titi#n rQs #-n a'ts in a""r#ving t! 3u sti#n d v#u'! rs as "r##& #& !is '#m"(i'it* in t! "(#t t# s-ind( t! g#v rnm nt, %a(in# ma. s mu'! #& t! stat m nt in t! C#mm nt t!at t! " titi#n rQs gui(t '#u(d ) d du' d R&r#m t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n and &r#m t! t stim#n* #& Pi# K(at,R )ut t!at -as n#t t! r s"#nd nt '#urt s" a.ing, %!at -as t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(Qs ana(*sis,

a2010 page "6

As &ar as t! Sandigan)a*an -as '#n' rn d, t! said t stim#n* -as inadmissi)( against t! " titi#n r ) 'aus ! Rdid n#t 'r#ss :amin K(at and -as n#t v n r 3uir d t# ) "r s nt -! n t! (att r -as t sti&*ing, In &a't, t! r s"#nd nt '#urt v n :"r ss d t! -is! t!at K(at !ad ) n "r s nt d as r )utta( -itn ss in t! s "arat tria( #& t! " titi#n r as t! r -#u(d t! n !av ) n Rn# im" dim nt t# t! us #& !is t stim#n* against t! #t! r a''us d, R As it -as n#t d#n , t! tria( '#urt '#u(d n#t and did n#t '#nsid r K(atQs t stim#n* in d t rmining t! " titi#n rQs "art in t! #&& ns s, Dispositive /udgm nt a"" a( d &r#m is AFFIR>7;, -it! '#sts against t! " titi#n r,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

-#u(d g t t! m#n * t# "a* &#r !is d )t, A&t r ) ing intr#du' d t# B#sti'., t! * "r#' d d t# Irisan t# g t t! )ag 7mat # -#u(d &iv t! Am ri'an as gi&t, 7mat # as. d Bagan# t# g t t! )ag ) 'aus 7mat # did n#t -ant t# g t - t, 1n t! -a* )a'. t# Bagui#, t! NBI t am 'am #ut and mad t! arr sts, $ 4 '(aims t!at t! '#urt rr dC in &inding t!at ! agr d t# s (( 10.gs #& mari/uana -! n ! !ad n# .n#-( dg #& t! a(( g d sa( , In n#t !#(ding as ! arsa* t! a(( g d '#nv rsati#n ) t- n B#(sti'. and t! a"" ((ant -! n 7mat #, t! in&#rmant -!# int r"r t d t! '#nv rsati#n -as n v r "r s nt d t# t sti&* In a""r 'iating t! P)ag0 and n#t t! sa'. against t! a"" ((ant t!at -!i'! 7mat # #-n d and d "#sit d in t! 3uart r #& t! a"" ((ant at irisan ar(i r t! sam da* #& t! a(( g d )u*$)ust #" rati#n, In n#t a""r 'iating t! d & ns t!at it -as 7mat # -!# #-ns t! >ari/uana in 3u sti#n ISSUE 51N t! B#(sti'. t stim#ni s - r ! arsa* HELD 67S $ Fr#m B#(sti'.0s t stim#ni s as "rin'i"a( -itn ss &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, su'! - r m r trans(ati#ns andM#r int r"r tati#ns #& -!at Bagan# su""#s d(* said in t! dia( 't and int r"r t d )* 7mat #, %! #n(* :' "ti#n is t! t stim#n* #n -!at B#(sti'. sa-, $ 5! r a -itn ss is #&& r d t# t sti&* t# stat m nts #& an#t! r " rs#n, s"#. n in a (anguag n#t und rst##d )* !im, )ut trans(at d t# !is )* an int r"r t r, su'! -itn ss is n#t 3ua(i&i d, ) 'aus ! d# s n#t s" a. &r#m " rs#na( .n#-( dg , A(( t!at ! 'an .n#- as t# t! t stim#n* -!i'! is in &a't giv n in su'! a 'as is &r#m t! int r"r tati#n t! r #& -!i'! is giv n )* an#t! r " rs#n, $ %! "r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d !av "r s nt d 7mat # !ims (& t# t sti&* #n -!at a'tua((* trans"ir d, %! (#- r '#urt ign#r d t! rig!t #& t! a''us d t# m t t! -itn ss &a' t# &a' , $ Pr#s 'uti#n r v a( d n#t t# .n#- an*t!ing a)#ut t! in&#rmant0s )a'.gr#und, A(t!#ug! t! r is a "#(i'* #& n#n$dis'(#sur #& an in&#rmant0s id ntit*, it 'ann#t ) inv#. d in t!is 'as , %! in&#rmant0s &ai(ur t# ta. t! -itn ss t# stand t# '#n&irm t! '#rr 'tn ss #& !is int r"r tati#ns n#t #n(* r nd r d t! t stim#ni s as ! arsa* and inadmissi)( , )ut a(s# d "riv d t! a"" ((ant #& !is rig!t t# 'r#ss$ :amin !im, $ N#n$"r s ntati#n #& an in&#rm r is a "rivi( g t!at !as its #-n in! r nt (imitati#n, 5! r in t! dis'(#sur #& an in&#rm r0s id ntit* is r ( vant and ! ("&u( t# t! d & ns #& t! a''us d, #r is ss ntia( t# t! "r#" r dis"#siti#n #& t! 'as , t! "rivi( g must giv -a*, $ A(t!#ug! t! id ntit* #& t! in&#rm r -as dis'(#s d, "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# "r s nt !im as -itn ss #n t! ass rti#n t!at !is -! r a)#uts ar un.n#-n, N# su)"# na !as ) n issu d )* t! "r#s 'uti#n t# 7mat #, t! "r sum"ti#n t!at vid n' -i((&u((* su""r ss d -#u(d ) adv rs i& "r#du' d <S ' 5< =, Ru( 131= aris s, $ %! a"" ((ant0s '(aim t!at t! #-n rs!i" #& t! sa'. #& mari/uana -as "r vi#us(* d "#sit d )* 7mat # -as n v r '#ntradi't d )* "r#s 'uti#n, Bar ass rti#n #& Bagan#0s d (iv r* #& t! )ag d# s n#t, )* its (& indi'at #-n rs!i" n#r v n i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n a)s nt an* #t! r vid n' ,

PEOPLE v BAGANO 181 SCRA 949 BI;IN; F )ruar* 5, 1220

NATURE A"" a( #n t! d 'isi#n #& R%C '#nvi'ting t! a''us d #& t! vi#(ati#n #& RA6426 as am nd d, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! ;ang r#us ;rugs A't and im"#sing t! " na(t* #& P20S, FACTS $ A )u*$)ust #" rati#n -as '#ndu't d )* NBI #n a sus" 't d nar'#ti's d a( r, B#sti'., a s" 'ia( ag nt #& t! KS Air F#r' -as intr#du' d t# ;#ming Bagan# )* an in&#rm r, C(a*t#n 7mat #, $ An in&#rmati#n &#r t! vi#(ati#n #& RA6425, a(s# .n#-n as t! ;ang r#us ;rugs A't, -as &i( d against t! a''us d, It stat d t!at t! a''us d A-i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* att m"t t# s (( t# an#t! r t n <10= .i(#s, m#r #r ( ss, #& dri d mari/uana ( av s, a dang r#us drug, &#r P800,00 " r .i(#B, $ K"#n arraignm nt, Bagan# "( ad d n#t gui(t*, 4is m#ti#n t# admit )ai( -as d & rr d and (at r d ni d, $ A&t r tria( #n t! m rits, %C /udg r nd r d d 'isi#n s nt n'ing Bagan# -it! r '(usi#n " r" tua, Solicitor Aenerals Claims $ B#sti' and 7mat # - nt t# t! r sid n' #& t! (att r in Bagui# Cit* t# m t t! a"" ((ant, 7mat # intr#du' d Bagan# and an unnam d &ri nd t# B#sti'., N g#tiati#ns &#r t! "ur'!as #& 10.i(#s #& mari/uana ) t- n B#sti'. and Bagan# -as d#n , 7mat # ) ing t! int r"r t r, A&t r agr ing &#r t! "ri' #& P800M.g, t! gr#u" "r#' d d t# Bagan#0s !#us in Irisan B ngu t -! r ! . "t t! mari/uana, At Irisan, Bagan# ( &t B#sti'. and 7mat # in t! 'ar, r turning 15mins (at r 'arr*ing a n*(#n sa'., B#sti'. t#(d a"" ((ant t!at ! -i(( "a* &#r t! mari/uana a&t r - ig!ing it in t! !#t (, t# -!i'! t! a"" ((ant agr d, 1n t! -a* )a'. t# t! !#t ( in Bagui#, t! NBI -as signa( d t!at t! transa'ti#n t##. "(a' , %! NBI t am )(#'. d B#sti'.0s 'ar and arr st d t! a"" ((ant and 7mat #, $ Pr#s 'uti#n '(aims t!at a''#rding t# 7mat #, a"" ((ant -#u(d #n(* s (( t# a &#r ign r, "r & ra)(* an Am ri'an, Suspects Claim $ 4 - nt t# t! !#us #& 7mat # t# '#(( 't P4000, -!i'! t! (att r )#rr#- d !im, 7mat # t#(d !im t# -ait &#r 7mat #0s visit#r, &r#m -!#m !

Criminal Procedure
$ A" ((ant0s signatur a"" aring #n t! sa'. and individua( )und( s '#ntaining mari/uana d# n#t signi&*, mu'! ( ss vid n' , gui(t &#r t! * ar m r "r#' dura( st "s und rta. n a&t r arr st, Furt! rm#r , it a"" aring t!at a"" ((ant -as n#t in&#rm d #& !is rig!t t# '#uns ( at t! tim ! a&&i: d !is signatur , t! sam !as ) n #)tain d in vi#(ati#n #& !is rig!t as a " rs#n und r 'ust#dia( inv stigati#n &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns and is t! r &#r inadmissi)( , $ It is a 'ardina( ru( t!at in #rd r t# m rit '#nvi'ti#n, t! "r#s 'uti#n must r (* #n t! str ngt! #& its #-n vid n' and n#t #n t! - a.n ss #& vid n' "r s nt d )* t! d & ns , An a''us d must a(-a*s ) d m d inn#' nt unti( t! '#ntrar* is "r#v d ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, In t! instant 'as , t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# s# sta)(is! t! gui(t #& ! r in a"" ((ant, Dispositive '!a(( ng d /udgm nt is R7@7RS7; and a"" ((ant is ! r )* ACOKI%%7; #n t! gr#und #& r as#na)( d#u)t,

a2010 page "

/usti&i d !is #rd r 'iting t! '#nstituti#na( "r ' "t t!at t! rig!ts in 'ust#dia( inv stigati#n 'ann#t ) -aiv d :' "t in -riting and in t! "r s n' #& '#uns (, $ Said #rd rs ar n#- assai( d in t!is " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n, %! C#urt r 3uir d r s"#nd nt +udg A*s#n and Ram#s t# '#mm nt, and dir 't d t! issuan' #& a %R1 n/#ining r s"#nd nts &r#m &urt! r "r#' ding -it! t! tria(M! aring, %! S#(g n, -!# -as a(s# r 3uir d t# '#mm nt, sid d -it! " titi#n r, "ra*ing t!at r s"#nd nt /udg 0s #rd rs ) s t asid and &urt! r #rd ring t! admittan' #& :!i)its A and S #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, ISSUE 51N it -as grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n &#r r s"#nd nt /udg t# :'(ud :!i)its A and S HELD 67S $ At t! '#r #& t! '#ntr#v rs* is S ', 20, Art, I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n -!i'! "r#vid sC AN# " rs#n s!a(( ) '#m" (( d t# ) a -itn ss against !ims (&, An* " rs#n und r inv stigati#n &#r t! '#mmissi#n #& an #&& ns s!a(( !av t! rig!t t# r main si( nt and t# '#uns (, and t# ) in&#rm d #& su'! rig!t, N# &#r' , vi#( n' , t!r at, intimidati#n, #r an* #t! r m ans -!i'! vitiat s t! &r -i(( s!a(( ) us d against !im, An* '#n& ssi#n #)tain d in vi#(ati#n #& t!is s 'ti#n s!a(( ) inadmissi)( in vid n' ,B $ %! r ar 2 rig!ts d a(t -it! in t! s 'ti#nC t! rig!t against s (&$ in'riminati#n <n#- m)#di d in S ', 19 Art, 3 #& t! 1289 C#nstituti#n= and t! rig!ts #& a " rs#n in 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n <S ' 12 Art, 3=, $ %! &irst rig!t, against s (&$in'riminati#n, is N1% t# A) '#m" (( d t# ) a -itn ss against !ims (&B and a""(i s t# an* " rs#n t sti&*ing in an* "r#' ding, 'ivi(, 'rimina( #r administrativ , It "r s'ri) s an #"ti#n #& r &usa( t# ans- r in'riminating 3u sti#ns and n#t a "r#!i)iti#n #& in3uir*, 4#- v r, it 'an #n(* ) '(aim d -! n t! s" 'i&i' 3u sti#n, in'riminat#r* in '!ara't r, is a'tua((* "ut t# t! -itn ss and 'ann#t ) '(aim d at an* #t! r tim , %! -itn ss t!us ma* n#t disr gard a su)"# na #r r &us t# t sti&* a(t#g t! r, $ %! "r#visi#n #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n d# s n#t im"#s #n t! /udg #r an* #t! r "r siding #&&i' r, an* a&&irmativ #)(igati#n t# advis a -itn ss #& t!is rig!t, -!i'! t! -itn ss s!#u(d .n#-, as ign#ran' #& t! (a:'us s n# #n , %! rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n is n#t aut#mati'a((* #" rati#na( )ut must ) '(aim d, Fai(ur t# '(aim it is an im"(i d -aiv r #& said rig!t, $ %! s '#nd rig!t, #r rat! r, gr#u" #& rig!ts, ar a " rs#n0s rig!ts in 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n, -!i'! m ans 3u sti#ning initiat d )* (an&#r' m nt #&&i' rs a&t r a " rs#n !as ) n ta. n int# 'ust#d* #r #t! r-is d "riv d #& !is &r d#m #& a'ti#n in an* signi&i'ant -a*, %! s s 'ti#n 'an ) )r#. n d#-n int# 3 rig!tsC <1= t! rig!t t# r main si( nt and t# '#uns ( and t# ) in&#rm d #& su'! rig!t <2= n# &#r' , vi#( n' , t!r at, intimidati#n #r an* #t! r m ans -!i'! vitiat s t! &r -i(( s!a(( ) us d against !im <3= an* '#n& ssi#n #)tain d in vi#(ati#n #& t!is s!a(( ) inadmissi)( in vid n' , $ %! a''us d must ) in&#rm d #& t! s rig!ts "ri#r t# an* 3u sti#ning, a&t r -!i'! t! individua( ma* .n#-ing(* and int ((ig nt(* -aiv t! s rig!ts and agr t# ans- r #r ma. a stat m nt, Stat m nts n#t mad und r 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n ar n#t "r#t 't d,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ It is im"#rtant n#- t# in3uir -! t! r t! rig!ts m nti#n d a""(* t# " rs#ns und r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n #r a(r ad* '!arg d in '#urt &#r a 'rim , It is vid nt t!at a d & ndant und r "r (iminar* inv stigati#n is n#t und r 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n, and t! r is t!us n# #''asi#n t# s" a. #& su'! rig!ts und r 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n; !#- v r, t! a''us d sti(( "#ss ss s t! rig!t against s (&$in'riminati#n, $ Knd r t! Ru( s #& C#urt, t! a''us d #''u"i s a di&& r nt ti r #& "r#t 'ti#n &r#m an #rdinar* -itn ss and is ntit( d, am#ng #t! rsC <1= n#t ) a -itn ss against !ims (& <2= t# t sti&* as a -itn ss #n !is #-n ) !a(&; )ut i& ! #&& rs !ims (& as a -itn ss, ! ma* ) 'r#ss$ :amin d as an* #t! r -itn ss; !is n g( 't #& r &usa( t# ) a -itn ss s!a(( n#t in an* mann r "r /udi' #r ) us d against !im, %!us, un(i. an #rdinar* -itn ss, t! a''us d ma* r &us t# ta. t! -itn ss stand, ) s-#rn, #r ans- r an* 3u sti#n a(t#g t! r, %! a''us d, i& ! '!##s s t# t sti&*, ma* r &us t# ans- r #n(* 3u sti#ns -!i'! '#u(d in'riminat !im #& a 'rim &#r -!i'! ! isn0t '!arg d, $ It a"" ars t!at r s"#nd nt +udg mista. n(* a""(i d t! rig!ts s t &#rt! in S ' 20 Art, I@ #& t! 1293 C#nstituti#n, It is '( ar &r#m t! undis"ut d &a'ts t!at Ram#s -as n#t in an* s ns und r 'ust#dia( int rr#gati#n, and t!us !is '#nstituti#na( rig!ts in r (ati#n t! r t# d#n0t a""(*, A(s#, Ram#s !ad v#(untar* ans- r d t! 3u sti#ns "#s d t# !im #n t! &irst da* #& t! administrativ inv stigati#n and agr d t!at t! "r#' dings ) r '#rd d and &i( d as :!i)its A and S, s"#ntan #us(* #&& ring t# '#m"r#mis !is (ia)i(it*, Said :!i)its ma* n#t ) :'(ud d as t! s#$'a(( d >iranda rig!ts !ad n#t ) n a''#rd d t# Ram#s, Dispositive t! -rit #& ' rti#rari is grant d annu((ing and s tting asid t! 1rd rs #& r s"#nd nt +udg , and ! is ! r )* #rd r d t# admit in vid n' :!i)its A and S

US v GARCIA 11 P4I? 384 +u(* 24, 1208

%47F%; SKFFICI7NC6 1F PR11F,$Fr#m t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Am)#s Camarin s, %! un'#rr#)#rat d t stim#n* #& t! "r#s 'uting -itn ss ! (d insu&&i'i nt t# "r#v t!at t! a''us d -as gui(t* #& ta.ing m#n * &r#m a trun., as a(( g d, -!i( s ar'!ing t! !#us #& t! -itn ss &#r an#t! r " rs#n, +udgm nt r v rs d and d & ndant a'3uitt d, @ote The case is reall' this short onl'. * did not omit a single word.

PEOPLE v AYSON G,R, N#, 85215 NAR@ASA; +u(* 9, 1282

FACTS $ Privat r s"#nd nt F (i" Ram#s -as a ti'. t &(ig!t '( r. #& PA?0s Bagui# stati#n, PA? manag m nt n#ti&i d !im #& an inv stigati#n du t# !is a(( g d inv#(v m nt in irr gu(ariti s in t! sa( s #& "(an ti'. ts, 1n t! da* ) &#r t! inv stigati#n, Ram#s gav !is su" ri#rs a !and-ritt n n#t < :!i)it S= :"r ssing !is -i((ingn ss t# s tt( t! irr gu(ariti s <in t! am#unt #& P96.=, At t! inv stigati#n, Ram#s admitt d !is n#n$dis'(#sur #& t! ti'. ts m nti#n d, t!at t! "r#' ds !ad ) n Amisus dB )* !im, and t!at a(t!#ug! ! "(ann d #n "a*ing )a'. t! m#n *, ! !ad ) n "r v nt d &r#m d#ing s# #ut #& s!am , 4 a(s# stat d !is -i((ingn ss t# s tt( t! #)(igati#n #n a stagg r d )asis, t! am#unt #& -!i'! -#u(d ) .n#-n at t! n :t inv stigati#n -!i'! ! d sir d t# ) ! (d at Bagui# C%1, t!at ! ) r "r s nt d )* Ni v s B(an'#, and t!at ! -as -i((ing t# sign !is stat m nt < :!i)it A=, $ 2 m#nt!s (at r, an in&#rmati#n -as &i( d against Ram#s '!arging !im -it! sta&a against PA?, 1n arraignm nt ! "( ad d n#t gui(t*, At t! '(#s #& t! 'as , "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs "r s nt d Ram#s0 <a)#v m nti#n d= stat m nt, in'(uding !is !and-ritt n admissi#n as vid n' , ; & ndant0s att#rn *s #)/ 't d, "arti'u(ar(* as r gards t! !and-ritt n '#n& ssi#n as it -as ta. n -it!#ut Ram#s !aving '#uns (, R s"#nd nt +udg d '(ar d :!i)its A and S inadmissi)( as vid n' as it a"" ars ! -as n#t r mind d #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!ts t# r mains si( nt and !av '#uns (, %! "rivat "r#s 'ut#rs &i( d an >FR, )ut r s"#nd nt +udg

GARCIA v DOMINGO 52 SCRA 143 F7RNAN;1; +u(* 25, 1293

NATURE P titi#n &#r certiorari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $ 1n +anuar* 16, 1268, in t! Cit* C#urt #& >ani(a "r sid d #v r )* " titi#n r +udg Gr g#ri# Gar'ia, 8 in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d against r s"#nd nts 7dgard# Ca(#, and Sim #n Car)#nn ( and Fran'is'# ?#r n8ana, &#r s(ig!t "!*si'a( in/uri s, ma(tr atm nt, &#r vi#(ati#n #& S ', 889 #& t! R vis d 1rdinan' s #& >ani(a <r sisting an #&&i' r=; and &#r s(and r, %! tria( #& t! a&#r m nti#n d 'as s -as /#int(* ! (d #n >ar'! 4, 18, 23, 30, 1268; A"ri( 19, T 20, 1268, >a* 4 T 11, 1268, +un 1, 15, 22 T 22, 1268, August 3 T 10, 1268, A(( t! 14 tria( dat s :' "t >ar'! 4 and 18, and A"ri( 19, 1268 & (( #n a Saturda*, %!is -as arrang d )* t! "arti s and t! C#urt u"#n t! insist n' #& r s"#nd nts Ca(# and Car)#nn ( -!#, as "#(i' #&&i' rs und r sus" nsi#n ) 'aus #& t! 'as s, d sir d t! sam t# ) t rminat d as s##n as "#ssi)( and as t! r - r man* 'as s s'! du( d &#r tria( #n t! usua( 'rimina( tria( da*s <>#nda*, 5 dn sda* and Frida*=, Saturda* -as agr d u"#n as t! invaria)( tria( da* &#r said ig!t <8= 'rimina( 'as s, %! tria( #& t! 'as s in 3u sti#n -as ! (d, -it! t! '#n&#rmit* #& t! a''us d and t! ir '#uns (, in t! '!am) rs #& +udg Gar'ia, ;uring a(( t! 14 da*s #& tria(,

Criminal Procedure
s"anning a " ri#d #& s v ra( m#nt!s, t! a''us d - r at a(( tim s r "r s nt d )* t! ir r s" 'tiv '#uns (, -!# a't d n#t #n(* in d & ns #& t! ir '(i nts, )ut as prosecutors #& t! a''usati#ns &i( d at t! ir '(i ntsQ instan' , %! r -as #n(* 1 da* <A"ri( 20= -! n Att*, C#ns ng'#, r "r s nting r s"#nd nt Ca(# and Car)#nn (, -as a)s nt, But at t! insist n' #& Car)#nn (, t! tria( "r#' d d, and said r s"#nd nt 'r#ss$ :amin d #n #& t! -itn ss s "r s nt d )* t! adv rs "art*, In an* 'as , n# "r t ns !as ) n mad )* t! r s"#nd nts t!at t!is '#nstitut d an irr gu(arit* '#rr 'ti)( #n certiorari, At t! '#n'(usi#n #& t! ! arings t! a''us d, t!ru '#uns (, as. d &#r and - r grant d tim t# su)mit m m#randa, R s"#nd nts Ca(# and Car)#nn (, t!ru '#uns (, Att*, Ra&a ( C#ns ng'#, su)mitt d a 14$"ag m m#randum in su""#rt #& t! ir "ra* r &#r :#n rati#n, and '#nvi'ti#n #& " titi#n r ?#r n8ana in r s" 't #& t! ir '#unt r'!arg s against t! (att r, It is -#rt!* #& n#t t!at u" t# t!is (at dat , said r s"#nd nts Ca(# and Car)#nn ( !ad n#t #)/ 't d t# #r "#int d #ut an* su""#s d irr gu(arit* in t! "r#' dings t!us &ar; t! m m#randum su)mitt d in t! ir ) !a(& is '#n&in d t# a dis'ussi#n #& t! vid n' addu' d in, and t! m rits #& t! 'as s, $ %! "r#mu(gati#n #& /udgm nt s'! du( d #n S " 23, 1268 -as "#st"#n d t# S " 28, 1268 at t! instan' #& Att*, C#ns ng'#, , and again t# 1't 1, 1268, %! a""(i'ati#ns &#r "#st"#n m nt - r n#t gr#und d u"#n an* su""#s d d & 't #r irr gu(arit* #& t! "r#' dings, $ 4#- v r, #n 1't#) r 1, 1268, Ca(# and Car)#nn (, t!ru t! ir '#uns (, &i( d -it! t! CFI #& >ani(a a " titi#n &#r certiorari and "r#!i)iti#n, -it! a""(i'ati#n &#r "r (iminar* "r#!i)it#r* and mandat#r* in/un'ti#n a(( ging /urisdi'ti#na( d & 'ts, R s"#nd nt +udg F (i: ;#ming# issu d a r straining #rd r t!us 'ausing t! d & rm nt #& t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t! /udgm nt, A&t r "r#' dings du(* !ad, t! r -as an #rd r &r#m !im d '(aring t!at Qt! '#nstituti#na( and statut#r* rig!ts #& t! a''us dQ !ad ) n vi#(at d, adv rs (* a&& 'ting t! ir Qrig!t t# a &r and im"artia( tria(, n#ting Qt!at t! tria( #& t! s 'as s (asting s v ra( - .s ! (d :'(usiv (* in '!am) rs and n#t in t! '#urt r##m #" n t! "u)(i'Q;R and #rd ring t! 'it* '#urt +udg Gar'ia, Rt# d sist &r#m r ading #r 'ausing t# ) r ad #r "r#mu(gat d t! d 'isi#ns ! ma* !av r nd r d a(r ad* in t! 'rimina( 'as s " nding in !is C#urt, unti( &urt! r #rd rs #& t!is C#urt,B $ %! >R -as d ni d, 4 n' , #n +anuar* 28, 1262, t! matt r -as ( vat d t# t! SC )* m ans #& t! "r s nt suit &#r certiorari and "r#!i)iti#n, ISSUE 51N r s"#nd nt +udg '#mmit a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in ru(ing t!at t! !#(ding #& t! tria( #& t! a''us d insid t! '!am) rs #& " titi#n r ,'it* '#urt +udg Gr g#ri# Gar'ia, as vi#(ativ #& t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# "u)(i' tria( HELD 67S $ %! "r#' dur !ad ) n agr d t# ) &#r !and )* a''us d, %! ! arings !av ) n t!us '#ndu't d #n &#urt n s "arat #''asi#ns -it!#ut #)/ 'ti#n #n t! ir "art, and -it!#ut an i#ta #& vid n' t# su)stantiat an* '(aim as t# an* #t! r " rs#n s# mind d ) ing :'(ud d &r#m t! "r mis s, It is t!us vid nt t!at -!at t##. "(a' in t! '!am) rs #& t! 'it* '#urt /udg -as d v#id #& !ast #r int nti#na( s 'r '*, $ %! 1235 C#nstituti#n -!i'! -as in &#r' at t! tim #& t!is " titi#n :"(i'it(* num rat d t! rig!t t# a "u)(i' tria( t# -!i'! an a''us d -as

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ntit( d, As a matt r #& &a't, t!at -as #n '#nstituti#na( "r#visi#n t!at n d d #n(* a sing( , t rs summati#n &r#m +usti' +#s P, ?aur (, t# gain a'' "tan' , As -as str ss d )* !imC R%ria( s!#u(d a(s# ) "u)(i' in #rd r t# #&&s t an* dang r #& '#ndu'ting it in an i(( ga( and un/ust mann r,R It -#u(d !av ) n sur"rising i& its "r#"#s d in'(usi#n in t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts !ad "r#v#. d an* dis'ussi#n, mu'! ( ss a d )at , It -as m r (* a r it rati#n -!at a"" ar d in t! P!i(i""in Aut#n#m* A't #& 1216, "#"u(ar(* .n#-n as t! +#n s ?a-, 7ar(i r, su'! a rig!t &#und :"r ssi#n in t! P!i(i""in Bi(( #& 1202, (i. -is an #rgani' a't #& t! t! n g#v rnm nt #& t!is '#untr* as an unin'#r"#rat d t rrit#r* #& t! Knit d Stat s, 4ist#ri'a((* as -as "#int d #ut )* +usti' B(a'., in t! ( ading 'as #& In r 1(iv rC %!is nati#nQs a'' "t d "ra'ti' #& guarant ing a "u)(i' tria( t# an a''us d !as its r##ts in t! 7ng(is! '#mm#n (a! ritag , )ut it (i. (* v#(v d (#ng ) &#r t! s tt( m nt #& t! KS as an a''#m"anim nt #& t! an'i nt instituti#n #& /ur* tria(, %! guarant t# an a''us d #& t! rig!t t# a "u)(i' tria( a"" ar d in a stat '#nstituti#n in 1996, ?at r it -as m)#di d in t! Si:t! Am ndm nt #& t! F d ra( C#nstituti#n rati&i d in 1921, %#da* a(m#st -it!#ut :' "ti#n v r* stat )* '#nstituti#n, statut , #r /udi'ia( d 'isi#n, r 3uir s t!at a(( 'rimina( tria(s ) #" n t# t! "u)(i', $ %! C#nstituti#n guarant s an a''us d t! rig!t t# a "u)(i' tria(, %! r is n# am)iguit* in t! -#rds m"(#* d, %! tria( must ) "u)(i', It "#ss ss s t!at '!ara't r -! n an*#n int r st d in #)s rving t! mann r a /udg '#ndu'ts t! "r#' dings in !is '#urtr##m ma* d# s#, %! r is t# ) n# )an #n su'! att ndan' , 4is ) ing a strang r t# t! (itigants is #& n# m#m nt, N# r (ati#ns!i" t# t! "arti s n d ) s!#-n, %! t!#ug!t t!at (i s ) !ind t!is sa& guard is t! ) (i & t!at t! r )* t! a''us d is a&&#rd d &urt! r "r#t 'ti#n, t!at !is tria( is (i. (* t# ) '#ndu't d -it! r gu(arit* and n#t taint d -it! an* im"r#"ri t*, A''dg t# +, ?aur (, t! im"#rtan' #& t!is rig!t is its ) ing a d t rr n' t# ar)itrarin ss, It is t!us und rstanda)( -!* su'! a rig!t is d m d m)ra' d in "r#' dura( du "r#' ss, 5! r a tria( ta. s "(a' , as is 3uit usua(, in t! '#urtr##m and a 'a( ndar #& -!at 'as s ar t# ) ! ard is "#st d, n# "r#)( m aris s, It t! usua( '#urs #& v nts t!at individua(s d sir#us #& ) ing "r s nt ar &r t# d# s#, %! r is t! - (( r '#gni8 d :' "ti#n t!#ug! t!at -arrants t! :'(usi#n #& t! "u)(i' -! r t! vid n' ma* ) '!ara't ri8 d as R#&& nsiv t# d ' n'* #r "u)(i' m#ra(s,R $ 5!at did #''asi#n di&&i'u(t* in t!is suit -as t!at &#r t! '#nv ni n' #& t! "arti s, and #& t! 'it* '#urt +udg , it -as in t! (att rQs air$'#nditi#n d '!am) rs t!at t! tria( -as ! (d, %! r is n# s!#-ing t!at t! "u)(i' -as t! r )* :'(ud d, It is t# ) admitt d t!at t! si8 #& t! r##m a((#tt d t! +udg -#u(d r du' t! num) r #& t!#s -!# '#u(d ) #ur "r s nt, Su'! a &a't t!#ug! is n#t indi'ativ #& an* transgr ssi#n #& t!is rig!t, C#urtr##ms ar n#t #& uni&#rm dim nsi#ns, S#m ar sma(( r t!an #t! rs, >#r #v r, as admitt d )* +usti' B(a'. in !is mast r(* In r 1(iv r #"ini#n, it su&&i' s t# satis&* t! r 3uir m nt #& a tria( ) ing "u)(i' i& t! a''us d '#u(d R!av !is &ri nds, r (ativ s and '#uns ( "r s nt, n# matt r -it! -!at #&& ns ! ma* ) '!arg d,R $ It is an undis"ut d &a't t!at at ( ast &#urt n ! arings !ad ) n ! (d in '!am) rs #& t! 'it* '#urt +udg , -it!#ut #)/ 'ti#n #n t! "art #& r s"#nd nt "#(i' m n, $ %! r is mu'! t# ) said #& '#urs &#r t! '#n' rn dis"(a* d )* r s"#nd nt +udg t# assur t! r a(it* as against t! m r "#ssi)i(it* #& a tria( ) ing tru(* "u)(i', I& it - r #t! r-is , su'! a rig!t '#u(d ) r du' d t# a )arr n &#rm #& -#rds, %# t! :t nt t! n t!at t! '#n'(usi#n r a'! d

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

)* !im -as m#tivat d )* an a""r ! nsi#n t!at t! r -as an vasi#n #& a '#nstituti#na( '#mmand, ! ' rtain(* (iv d u" t# -!at is :" 't d #& a man #& t! r#) , Furt! r r &( 'ti#n #ug!t t# !av '#nvin' d !im t!#ug! t!at su'! a & ar -as un/usti&i d, An #)/ 'tiv a""raisa( #& '#nditi#ns in muni'i"a( #r 'it* '#urts -#u(d !av g#n &ar in dis" ((ing su'! misgivings, %! 'r#-d d dai(* 'a( ndar, t! natur #& t! 'as s !and( d, 'ivi( as - (( as 'rimina(, t! r (a: d attitud #n "r#' dura( ru( s n#t ) ing stri't(* ad! r d t# a(( ma. &#r a ( ss t ns atm#s"! r , As a r su(t t! att ndan' #& t! g n ra( "u)(i' is mu'! m#r in vid n' ; n#r is its "r s n' un- ('#m , 5! n it is r m m) r d &urt! r t!at t! #''u"ants #& su'! '#urts ar n#t '!#s n "rimari(* &#r t! ir ( ga( a'um n, )ut ta. n &r#m t!at "#rti#n #& t! )ar m#r '#nsid ra)(* attun d t# t! "u(s #& "u)(i' (i& , it is n#t t# ) rati#na((* :" 't d t!at an a''us d -#u(d ) d ni d -!at v r s#(a' and '#m&#rt ma* '#m &r#m t! .n#-( dg t!at a /udg , -it! t! * s #& t! a( rt '#urt a( rt t# !is d m an#r and !is ru(ings, -#u(d run t! ris. #& ) ing un/ust, un&air, #r ar)itrar*, N#r d# s it '!ang matt rs, /ust ) 'aus , as did !a"" n ! r , it -as in t! air$ '#nditi#n d '!am) rs #& a 'it* '#urt /udg rat! r t!an in t! usua( "(a' t!at t! tria( t##. "(a' , Dispositive 5rit #& certiorari is grant d,

FLORES v PEOPLE 61 SCRA 331 F7RNAN;1, ; ' m) r 10, 1294

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari FACTS $ ; ' m) r 1251C Fran'is'# F(#r s and Fran'is'# Ang ( - r a''us d &#r r#)) r* $ N#v m) r 1255C %C &#und t! m gui(t* #& r#)) r* $ ; ' m) r 1255C t! 2 " titi#n rs &i( d a n#ti' #& a"" a( $ F )ruar* 1258C CA issu d a r s#(uti#n r manding t! r '#rds #& t! 'as t# t! (#- r '#urt &#r a r ! aring #& t! t stim#n* #& a ' rtain -itn ss d m d mat ria( &#r t! dis"#siti#n #& t! 'as , $ August 1252C CA grant d m#ti#n #& " titi#n rs t# s t asid t! %C d 'isi#n s# t!at vid n' &#r t! d & ns #n ' rtain n - &a'ts #r matt rs ma* ) r ' iv d, and t!at a n - d 'isi#n ) r nd r d, Cas -as r turn d t# %C )ut &#r a)#ut a * ar n#t!ing !a"" n d ) 'aus t! #&& nd d "art* &ai( d t# a"" ar &#r a)#ut 6 #r 9 tim s, And -! n t! #&& nd d "art* t##. t! -itn ss stand, ! '#u(d n# (#ng r r m m) r t! d tai(s #& t! 'rim , v n &ai( d t# id nti&* t! 2 " titi#n rs, %C /ust s nt )a'. t! r '#rds t# CA $ >a* 1265C " titi#n rs s#ug!t t! dismissa( #& t! ir 'as du t# t! in#rdinat d (a* in t! ir dis"#siti#n <&#r a(m#st 10 *rs=, inv#.ing '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# a s" d* tria( $ +anuar* 1266C CA d ni d m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n Respondents de ense; <1= 'as -as n#t "r#" r(* 'a"ti#n d, t! CA n#t ) ing mad a "art* t# t! " titi#n <2= it -as n#t ad 3uat (* s!#-n t!at t! rig!t t# a s" d* tria( !ad ) n vi#(at d, CA ta.ing a(( t! st "s n ' ssar* t# '#m"( t t! trans'ri"t #& st n#gra"!i' n#t s #& t! #rigina( tria(,

Criminal Procedure
ISSUE 51N t! rig!t #& t! " titi#n rs t# a s" d* tria( !as ) n a''#rd d HELD N1 Ratio# %! '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# a s" d* tria( m ans #n &r &r#m v :ati#us, 'a"ri'i#us and #""r ssiv d (a*s DA' ) d# v, Sarmi nt#, C#nd v, Riv raE, %!us, i& t! " rs#n a''us d - r inn#' nt, ! ma* -it!in t! s!#rt st tim "#ssi)( ) s"ar d &r#m an:i t* and a""r ! nsi#n arising &r#m a "r#s 'uti#n, and i& 'u("a)( , ! -i(( n#t ) . "t (#ng in sus" ns as t# t! &at in st#r &#r !im, -it!in a " ri#d #& '#urs '#m"ati)( -it! !is #""#rtunit* t# "r s nt an* va(id d & ns , $R%! G#v rnm nt s!#u(d ) t! (ast t# s t an :am"( #& d (a* and #""r ssi#n in t! administrati#n #& /usti' and it is t! m#ra( and ( ga( #)(igati#n #& t!is '#urt t# s t!at t! 'rimina( "r#' dings against t! a''us d '#m t# an nd and t!at t! * ) imm diat (* dis'!arg d &r#m t! 'ust#d* #& t! (a-,R DP #"( v, Casta_ daE $ An a''us d " rs#n is ntit( d t# a tria( at t! ar(i st #""#rtunit*, , , , 4 'ann#t ) #""r ss d )* d (a*ing t! '#mm n' m nt #& tria( &#r an unr as#na)( ( ngt! #& tim , I& t! "r#' dings " nding tria( ar d & rr d, t! tria( its (& is n ' ssari(* d (a* d, ::: %! C#nstituti#n d# s n#t sa* t!at t! rig!t t# a s" d* tria( ma* ) avai( d #& #n(* -! r t! "r#s 'uti#n &#r 'rim is '#mm n' d and und rta. n )* t! &is'a(, It d# s n#t :'(ud &r#m its #" rati#n 'as s '#mm n' d )* "rivat individua(s, 5! r #n' a " rs#n is "r#s 'ut d 'rimina((*, ! is ntit( d t# a s" d* tria(, irr s" 'tiv #& t! natur #& t! #&& ns #r t! mann r in -!i'! it is aut!#ri8 d t# ) '#mm n' d, D> r'ad# v, Sant#sE $ *%/%2+%- ,v,+l,@l% '$ '(% ,..u-%2= %! r m d* in t! v nt #& a n#n$ #)s rvan' #& t!is rig!t is )* !a) as '#r"us i& t! a''us d - r r strain d #& !is (i) rt*, #r )* ' rti#rari, "r#!i)iti#n, #r mandamus &#r t! &ina( dismissa( #& t! 'as , DA' ) d# v, Sarmi nt#E Reasoning % In t! a)s n' #& an* va(id d 'isi#n, t! stag #& tria( !as n#t ) n '#m"( t d, %!us, -! n t! * m#v d t# dismiss in t! CA, t! * '#u(d '#nt nd t!at t! * !ad n#t ) n a''#rd d t! ir rig!t t# ) tri d as "r#m"t(* as 'ir'umstan' s " rmit, It -as n#t t! " nd n'* in t! C#urt #& A"" a(s #& t! ir 'as s t!at s!#u(d ) d m d mat ria(, It is at tim s unav#ida)( t!at a"" ((at tri)una(s 'ann#t, v n -it! du di(ig n' , "ut an nd t# suits ( vat d t# t! m, 5!at is d 'isiv is t!at -it! t! s tting asid #& t! "r vi#us d 'isi#n in t! r s#(uti#n #& August 5, 1252, " titi#n rs '#u(d va(id(* "r mis t! ir "( a &#r dismissa( #n t!is '#nstituti#na( sa& guard, Vt! "r#' dura( issu #n t! CA n#t ) ing mad t! "art* r s"#nd nt, C#urt '#nsid r d t! su)stantia( issu s #v r t!is t '!ni'a(it*, Dispositive " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari is grant d, and t! #rd r #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s in CA$GR N#, 16641$R ntit( d, P #"( v, Fran'is'# F(#r s, t a(,, #& S "t m) r 28, 1265 d n*ing t! m#ti#n t# dismiss as - (( as its #rd r #& +anuar* 8, 1266 d n*ing t! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, and t! #rd r #& +anuar* 28, 1266 d n*ing t! s '#nd m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n ar ! r )* s t asid , nu((i&i d, and '#nsid r d #& n# &#r' and && 't, %! 'rimina( 'as against " titi#n rs in t! a&#r said CA$GR N#, 16641$R ar #rd r d dismiss d,

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CAS%R1; >ar'! 25, 1290
NATURE P titi#n &#r certiorari and "r#!i)iti#n, t# nu((i&* t! #rd rs #& t! '#urt$ martia( d n*ing t! ir '!a(( ng s, )#t! " r m"t#r* and &#r 'aus FACTS $ %! r ar #ng#ing '#urt$martia( "r#' dings against t! " titi#n r, >a/#r 7duard# >art (in#, alias A)du( ?ati& >art (in#, #& t! AFP, and t! #&&i' rs and m n und r !im, &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! 24t! and 29t! Arti'( s #& 5ar, as a r su(t #& t! a(( g d s!##ting #& s#m >us(im r 'ruits t! n und rg#ing '#mmand# training #n t! is(and #& C#rr gid#r, $ Initia((* t! r -as a 3u sti#n #& /urisdi'ti#nC 51N t! g n ra( '#urt$ martia(, '#nv n d t# tr* t! 'as , a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as d s"it t! &a't t!at a)#ut a m#nt! ar(i r, a '#m"(aint &#r &rustrat d murd r !ad ) n &i( d in t! &is'a(Qs #&&i' #& Cavit Cit*, Pr#' dings !ad t# ) sus" nd d unti( SC &ina((* ru( d in &av#r #& t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t! mi(itar* '#urt, $ A&t r t!at, >art (in# s#ug!t t! dis3ua(i&i'ati#n #& t! Pr sid nt #& t! g n ra( '#urt$martia(, &#((#-ing t! (att rQs admissi#n t!at ! r ad n -s"a" r st#ri s #& t! C#rr gid#r in'id nt, 4 '#nt nd d t!at t! 'as !ad r ' iv d su'! an am#unt #& "u)(i'it* in t! "r ss and -as ) ing :"(#it d &#r "#(iti'a( "ur"#s s in '#nn 'ti#n -it! t! u"'#ming 1262 "r sid ntia( ( 'ti#ns as t# im" ri( !is rig!t t# a &air tria(, $ %! * t! n rais d " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng s against C#(, A( /andr#, as "r sid nt #& t! '#urt$martia(, and C#(, 1(&ind#, ?t, C#(, Camaga*, ?t, C#(, @a(#n s, ?t, C#(, B(an'# and C#(, >a(ig, as m m) rs, %! r -as a(s# an issu as t# t! num) r #& " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng s t!at 'an ) rais d )* a'! a''us d, $ SC t! n r strain d '#urt$martia( &r#m "r#' ding -it! t! 'as , R s"#nd nts ass rt d t!at d s"it t! "u)(i'it* -!i'! t! 'as !ad r ' iv d, n# "r##& !as ) n "r s nt d s!#-ing t!at t! '#urt$martia(Qs "r sid ntQs &airn ss and im"artia(it* !av ) n im"air d, As a "r (iminar* '#nsid rati#n, t! r s"#nd nts urg t!is C#urt t# t!r#- #ut t! " titi#n #n t! gr#und t!at it !as n# "#- r t# r vi - t! "r#' dings #& t! '#urt$ martia(, R :' "t &#r t! "ur"#s #& as' rtaining -! t! r t! mi(itar* '#urt !ad /urisdi'ti#n #& t! " rs#n and su)/ 't matt r, and -! t! r, t!#ug! !aving su'! /urisdi'ti#n, it !ad :' d d its "#- rs in t! s nt n' "r#n#un' d,R ISSUES 1, 51N t! "u)(i'it* giv n t# t! 'as against t! " titi#n rs -as su'! as t# "r /udi' t! ir rig!t t# a &air tria( 2, 51N a'! a''us d -as ntit( d t# #n " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng HELD 1, N1 Reasoning % %! tria( '#urts must ta. str#ng m asur s t# nsur t!at t! )a(an' is n v r - ig! d against t! a''us d, And a"" ((at tri)una(s !av t! dut* t# ma. an ind " nd nt va(uati#n #& t! 'ir'umstan' s, 5! r t! r is a r as#na)( (i. (i!##d t!at "r /udi'ia( n -s "ri#r t# tria( -i(( "r v nt a &air tria(, t! /udg s!#u(d '#ntinu t! 'as unti( t! t!r at a)at s, #r trans& r it t# an#t! r '#unt* n#t s# " rm at d -it! "u)(i'it*, I& "u)(i'it* during t!

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

"r#' ding t!r at ns t! &airn ss #& t! tria(, a n - tria( s!#u(d ) #rd r d, $ %! s"at #& "u)(i'it* in t!is 'as ) &#r us did n#t &#'us #n t! gui(t #& t! " titi#n rs )ut rat! r #n t! r s"#nsi)i(it* #& t! G#v rnm nt &#r -!at -as '(aim d t# ) a Rmassa'r R #& >us(im train s, I& t! r -as a Rtria( )* n -s"a" rR at a((, it -as n#t #& t! " titi#n rs )ut #& t! G#v rnm nt, A)s nt ! r is a s!#-ing #& &ai(ur #& t! '#urt$martia( t# "r#t 't t! a''us d &r#m massiv "u)(i'it* n'#urag d )* t!#s '#nn 't d -it! t! '#ndu't #& t! tria( it! r )* a &ai(ur t# '#ntr#( t! r ( as #& in&#rmati#n #r t# r m#v t! tria( t# an#t! r v nu #r t# "#st"#n it unti( t! d (ug #& "r /udi'ia( "u)(i'it* s!a(( !av su)sid d, Ind d - 'ann#t sa* t!at t! tria( #& t! " titi#n rs -as ) ing ! (d und r 'ir'umstan' s -!i'! did n#t " rmit t! #)s rvan' #& t!#s im" rativ d ' n'i s #& "r#' dur -!i'! !av '#m t# ) id nti&i d -it! du "r#' ss, $ 7v n granting t! :ist n' #& Rmassiv R and R"r /udi'ia(R "u)(i'it*, sin' t! " titi#n rs ! r d# n#t '#nt nd t!at t! r s"#nd nts !av ) n undu(* in&(u n' d )ut sim"(* t!at t! * mig!t ) )* t! R)arrag R #& "u)(i'it*, 2, 67S Ratio #ach #& t! 23 " titi#n rs <a''us d ) &#r t! g n ra( '#urt$ martia(= is ntit( d t# #n " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng , irr s" 'tiv #& t! num) r #& s" 'i&i'ati#ns andM#r '!arg s and r gard( ss #& -! t! r t! * ar tri d /#int(* #r in '#mm#n, A%! rig!t t# '!a(( ng is in 3uint ss n' t! rig!t t# r / 't, n#t t# s ( 't, I& &r#m t! #&&i' rs -!# r main an im"artia( mi(itar* '#urt is #)tain d, t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! a''us d t# a &air tria( is maintain d,B Reasoning % It is t! su)missi#n #& t! " titi#n rs t!at R&#r v r* '!arg , a'! sid ma* : r'is #n " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng ,R and t! r &#r ) 'aus t! r ar ( v n '!arg s t! * ar ntit( d t# ( v n s "arat " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng s, %! r s"#nd nts argu t!at a(t!#ug! t! r ar a'tua((* a t#ta( #& ( v n s" 'i&i'ati#ns against t! " titi#n rs, t!r #& t! s s!#u(d ) '#nsid r d as m rg d -it! t-# #t! r s" 'i&i'ati#ns, Rsin' in &a't t! * a(( g t! sam #&& ns s '#mmitt d in '#ns"ira'*, t!us ( aving a )a(an' #& ig!t s" 'i&i'ati#ns,R %! g n ra( '#urt$martia( t! r #& ta. s t! "#siti#n t!at a(( t! 23 " titi#n rs ar ntit( d t# a t#ta( #& #n(* ig!t " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng s, &a' A " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng is a&&#rd d t# an a''us d -!#, -! t! r rig!t(* #r -r#ng(*, !#n st(* & (s t!at t! m m) r #& t! '#urt " r m"t#ri(* '!a(( ng d )* !im 'ann#t sit in /udgm nt #v r !im, im"artia((*, 7v r* a''us d " rs#n is ntit( d t# a &air tria(, It is n#t n#ug! t!at #)/ 'tiv (* t! m m) rs #& t! '#urt ma* ) &air and im"artia(, It is (i. -is n ' ssar* t!at su)/ 'tiv (* t! a''us d must & ( t!at ! is ) ing tri d )* a &air and im"artia( )#d* #& #&&i' rs, B 'aus t! " titi#n rs ma* nt rtain grav d#u)ts as t# t! &airn ss #r im"artia(it* #& distin't, s "arat and di&& r nt individua( m m) rs #& t! '#urt$martia(, it &#((#-s n ' ssari(* t!at a'! #& t! a''us d is ntit( d t# #n " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng , &!' Arti'( #& 5ar 18 d# s n#t distinguis! ) t- n '#mm#n tria(s and /#int tria(s, n#r d# s it ma. t! natur #r num) r #& s" 'i&i'ati#ns andM#r '!arg s a d t rminant, &c' A " r' "tiv ana(*sis #& t! '#m"ani#n arti'( s '#nvin' s us t!at t! -#rd, R a'! sid ,R as us d in t! said arti'( in r & r n' t# t! d & ns , s!#u(d ) '#nstru d t# m an each a''us d " rs#n, Dispositive Su)/ 't t# #ur "r#n#un' m nt t!at a'! #& t! 23 " titi#n rs is ntit( d t# #n s "arat " r m"t#r* '!a(( ng , t! "r s nt " titi#n is

MARTELINO v ALEJANDRO 32 SCRA 106

Criminal Procedure
;7NI7;, %! t m"#rar* r straining #rd r issu d )* t!is C#urt is ! r )* (i&t d,

a2010 page 100

$ %! s nt n' #& d at! !aving ) n im"#s d in Crimina( Cas N#, 432 <1159=, -!i'! -as ! ard /#int(* -it! t! #t! r t!r <3= 'as s, t! sing( d 'isi#n r nd r d &#r a(( t! &#ur <4= 'as s is ) &#r t! SC &#r aut#mati' r vi -, ISSUES 1, 51N t! a"" ((ant !as ) n d ni d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# a s" d* tria( 2, 51N t! vid n' is su&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! !is gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t HELD 1, N1 $ A"" ((ant &irst '#nt nds t!at ! !as ) n d ni d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& s" d* tria( ) 'aus t! in&#rmati#n -as &i( d #n(* a)#ut nin <2= m#nt!s a&t r !is arr st and inv stigati#n, $ %! r -as n# su'! d nia(, As '#rr 't(* s t &#rt! )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, t! t st #& vi#(ati#n #& t! rig!t t# s" d* tria( !as a(-a*s ) n t# ) gin '#unting t! d (a* &r#m t! tim t! in&#rmati#n is &i( d, n#t ) &#r t! &i(ing, %! d (a* in t! &i(ing #& t! in&#rmati#n, -!i'! in t! instant 'as !as n#t ) n -it!#ut r as#na)( 'aus , is, t! r &#r , n#t t# ) r '.#n d -it! in d t rmining -! t! r t! r !as ) n a d nia( #& t! rig!t t# s" d* tria(, 2, 67S $ In t! main, a"" ((antQs '#nt nti#n in t!is a"" a( is t!at t! vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n is - a. and insu&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! !is gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, "arti'u(ar(* in t! mann r ! -as Id nti&i d as #n #& t! a(( g d " r" trat#rs #& t! &#ur <4= 'rim s ! r in '!arg d, 4 -#u(d t! n argu t!at su'! - a.n ss #& t! stat vid n' -#u(d '#mm nsurat (* str ngt! n !is d & ns #& a(i)i -!i'!, as ! '(aims, t! tria( '#urt rr#n #us(* r / 't d, $ 5!at is indu)ita)(* '( ar is t!at t! stat -itn ss s -!# "#int d t# a"" ((ant as am#ng t! 'u("rits ar t! #n s -it! n# m#tiv su&&i'i nt t# urg t! m t# t sti&* &a(s (* against a"" ((ant -!# -#u(d ) "unis! d -it! n# ( ss t!an d at! in '#ns 3u n' #& t! ir " r/ur d t stim#n*, $ First t# Id nti&* a"" ((ant -as Ant#ni# B /i' t! (#n surviv#r in t! 'arnag against t! B /i' &ami(* and !#us !#(d, 4 Cat g#ri'a((* stat d t!at ! r '#gni8 d t! v#i' t!at s!#ut dC R4#*R, t# ) t!at #& a"" ((ant -!#m ! !ad .n#-n v r* - (( ) 'aus a"" ((ant us d t# s( " in Ant#ni#Qs grand&at! r -it! -!#m ! -as r siding, >#r #v r, Ant#ni# a(s# t sti&i d !aving s n a"" ((ant sta) !is '#usin, R#) rt# B /i' 4 -as !#- v r 'andid n#ug! t# admit t!at ! did n#t s -!# a'tua((* .i(( d t! r st #& !is r (ativ s, n#r -!# a'tua((* )urn d t! !#us , %!is &a't -#u(d t nd t# n gat a"" ((antQs '(aims t!at t! t stim#n* #& t! stat -itn ss s - r s'ri"t d and m r (* r ! ars d, $ %!at t! a"" ((ant and !is '#m"ani#ns - r t! " r" trat#rs #& t! .i((ing #& + sus ?im n and a(s# t! )urning #& !is !#us -as "#sitiv (* sta)(is! d )* t! t stim#n* #& Ram#n +im n 8, Ram#n -as -it! + sus ?im n -! n t! (att r -as .i(( d and !is !#us )urn d, %!at ! -as ta. n a(#ng )* a"" ((ant a""ar nt(* as a !#stag t# "r v nt !im &r#m r "#rting t# t! aut!#riti s, and s# ! -as arr st d -it! a"" ((ant t#g t! r is, und nia)(*, #n 'ir'umstan' str#ng(* ( nding 'r d n' t# a(( t!at Ram#n +im n 8 t sti&i d t#, "arti'u(ar(* #n a"" ((antQs '#m"(i'it* in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! &#ur <4= 'rim s,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ %! t stim#n* #& Ram#n +im n 8 #& '#urs did n#t s'a" t! v r* . n(* s'rutini8ing :aminati#n t# -!i'! a"" ((antQs '#uns ( su)/ 't d t! t stim#ni s #& a(( t! #t! r stat -itn ss s, in a 8 a(#us &&#rt t# s!#t! ir -ant #& 'r di)i(it* -it! t! in'#nsist n'i s, im"r#)a)i(iti s and '#ntradi'ti#ns t! * su""#s d(* '#ntain d, Su&&i' it t# sa* t!at t! a(( g d '#ntradi'ti#ns and in'#nsist n'i s - r #n min#r and in'#ns 3u ntia( d tai(s t!at -#u(d n#t in an* -a* a&& 't Ram#nQs 'r di)i(it*, $ As ar(i r stat d, n# su&&i'i nt m#tiv -as s!#-n -!* t! t-# <2= * -itn ss s, Ant#ni# B /i' and Ram#n +im n 8, -#u(d " r/ur t! ms (v s in "#inting t# a"" ((ant as #n #& t! " r" trat#rs #& v r* grav and ! in#us 'rim s, %!at a"" ((antQs m#t! r ma* !av a''us d Ram#n +im n 8 #& t! &t -#u(d, t! r &#r , n#t s rv as m#tiv t# indu' t! t-# <2= a&#r nam d -itn ss s t# giv t! t stim#n* t!at nam d and "#int d t# n#t #n(* a"" ((ant )ut t!r <3= #t! r " rs#ns in'(uding Ram#n Guti rr 8 -!# st##d tria( -it! a"" ((ant, as t! ma( &a't#rs, 7v n as t# Ram#n +im n 8 a(#n , t! a(( g d m#tiv is assur d(* n#t n#ug! &#r !im t# '!arg &a(s (* a"" ((ant, -!# is !is '#usin, -it! su'! gri v#us #&& ns s as t! .i((ing #& &#ur <4= " rs#ns, )urning d#-n #& t-# <2= !#us s and st a(ing #& va(ua)( " rs#na( ) (#ngings, $ Fr#m !#- a"" ((antQs id ntit* as #n #& t! " r" trat#rs #& t! &#ur <4= 'rim s /ust m nti#n d !as ) n sta)(is! d, !is d & ns #& a(i)i is &uti( , %! )arri# 'a"tain #& N - Saga*,+ sus Aga)#n, -it! -!#m a"" ((ant '(aim d t# ) -it! -! n t! 'rim s - r ) ing '#mmitt d, -as "r s nt d t# '#rr#)#rat a"" ((antQs a(i)i )* t sti&*ing t!at in a''#rdan' -it! t! r gu(ati#n in !is "(a' , ! r gist r d a"" ((antQs nam in a n#t )##. as a transi nt t! r in, 4is t stim#n* ) 'am -#rt!( ss -! n d s"it su&&i'i nt #""#rtunit* giv n !im t# "r#du' t! n#t )##. in C#urt, )* "#st"#ning t! ! aring n#t /ust #n' )ut t-i' , t! d & ns -itn ss n v r again a"" ar d in C#urt, I& !is sa(vati#n !ang d #n t! 'r di)i(it* #& t!is -itn ss, a"" ((ant s!#u(d !av d#n v r*t!ing and r s#rt d t# v n t! '# r'iv "r#' ss #& t! C#urt t# ma. said -itn ss g# t# C#urt and "r s nt t! d sir d d#'um nt, #r :"(ain !is ina)i(it* t# d# s#, Dispositive ; 'isi#n a&&irm d in t#t#,

PEOPLE v ORSAL 113 SCRA 226 P7R CKRIA>; >ar'! 22, 1282
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi FACTS $ @i' nt 1rsa( is #n #& &#ur a''us d in &#ur s "arat 'as s &i( d in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& Lam)#anga Cit* $ %! t!r <3= #t! r a''us d ar Ram#n Guti rr 8, G n r#s# A)a"# and R#m # F(#r s, )ut t! t-# <2= (ast nam d a''us d !aving g#n at (arg , #n(* a"" ((ant @i' nt 1rsa( and Ram#n Guti rr 8 st##d tria( $ %! 'as s st mm d &r#m t! && a'tsC V1n A"ri( 13, 1294 a"" ((ant, t#g t! r -it! G n r#s# A)a"#, Ram#n Guti rr 8 and R#m # F(#r s, .i(( d Crisant# B /i', !is -i& 7duarda, as - (( as !is grand'!i(dr n Atana'ia ? ga8"i and R#) rt# B /i', and )urn d !is !#us V1n A"ri( 14, 1294, t! sam a''us d ransa'. d t! !#us #& + sus ?im n, ta.ing !is s!# s and '(#t! s, #n "a(ti. r v#(v r, t-# "a(ti. s!#tguns and a !and gr nad , .i(( d + sus ?im n, and )urn d !is !#us $ %! '#urt &#und 1rsa( and Guti rr 8 gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t as "rin'i"a(s #& t! 'rim s, att nd d )* t-# <2= aggravating 'ir'umstan' s, nam (*, t!at t! 'rim s - r '#mmitt d at nig!ttim and )* a )and, -it!#ut an* mitigating 'ir'umstan' s t# #&&s t t! sam , and s nt n' d t! m a''#rding(*C <1= Crimina( Cas N#, 491 <1183= &$* A*-$0$" na(t* #& % n <10= * ars and 1n <1= da* #& Prisi#n >a*#r as t! minimum t# S v nt n <19= * ars, F#ur <4= m#nt!s and 1n <1= da* #& R '(usi#n % m"#ra( as t! ma:imum, t# ind mni&* Fran'is'# ?im n t! am#unt #& P8,000,00, and t# "a* c #& t! '#sts #& t!is suit <2= Crimina( Cas N#, 492 <1184= &$* A*-$0$ " na(t* #& % n <10= * ars and 1n <1= da* #& Prisi#n >a*#r as t! minimum t# S v nt n <19= * ars, F#ur <4= m#nt!s and 1n <1= da* #& R '(usi#n % m"#ra( as t! ma:imum, t# ind mni&* Fran'is'# ?im n t! am#unt #& P8,000,00, and t# "a* c #& t! '#sts #& t!is suit <3= Crimina( Cas N#, 493 <1185= &$* R$@@%*y +0 B,02 ?+'( Mul'+)l% H$/+.+2%$ &#ur s "arat and distin't im"ris#nm ntQs #& % n <10= * ars and 1n <1= da* #& Prisi#n >a*#r as t! minimum t# S v nt n <19= * ars and Fiv <5= m#nt!s #& R '(usi#n % m"#ra( as t! ma:imum, t# ind mni&* t! ! irs #& t! d ' as d Cristin# B /i', 7duarda B /i', R#) rt# B /i' and Atanasia ? ga8"i t! t#ta( am#unt #& P48,000,00 and t# "a* c #& t! '#sts #& t!is suit in a'! #& t! s &#ur 'as s <4= Crimina( Cas N#, 432 <1159= &$* R$@@%*y +0 B,02 ?+'( H$/+.+2% $ Su"r m " na(t* #& Q;7A%4Q, t# ind mni&* t! ! irs #& t! d ' as d + sus ?im n t! am#unt #& P12,000,00, and t# "a* #n &#urt! #& t! '#sts in a'! #& t! s &#ur 'as s $ In t! 'as #& Guti rr 8, #-ing t# t! &a't t!at ! is a *#ut!&u( #&& nd r, as ! is #n(* 18 * ars #(d, t! C#urt #rd r d !is '#mmitm nt t# t! ; "artm nt #& S#'ia( S rvi' s and ; v (#"m nt, R gi#n IJ, Lam)#anga Cit*

PEOPLE v JARDIN 124 SCRA 169 GK%I7RR7L +R; August 19, 1283
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari #n d 'isi#n #& CFI Ou 8#n dismissing t! 'rimina( 'as s against a''us d ; m tri# +ardin ) 'aus !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# s" d* tria( -as a(( g d(* vi#(at d, FACTS $ %! 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#ns #riginat d &r#m a ( tt r$'#m"(aint #& t! Pr#vin'ia( Audit#r #& Ou 8#n r 3u sting t! Pr#vin'ia( Fis'a( t# &i( t! n ' ssar* 'rimina( a'ti#n und r Arti'( 219 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d against ; m tri# +ardin &#r ma(v rsati#n #& "u)(i' &unds t!ru &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i' d#'um nts #n si: '#unts, &,*EF' $ d%!is 'as is &u(( #& d (a*ing ta'ti'se $ PI 4C a''us d m#v d t# "#st"#n 4 tim s, and &ai( d t# a"" ar v r*tim , $ PI -as n v rt! ( ss '#ndu't d, And t! si: 'rimina( in&#rmati#ns - r &i( d in CFI,

Criminal Procedure
$ AR 4C a''us d m#v d t# "#st"#n 4 tim , n v r a"" ar d; '#uns ( as. d &#r r inv stigati#n #n t! gr#und t!at t! a''us d -as n#t giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# "r s nt !is d & ns during t! "r (iminar* inv stigati#n, C#urt grant d m#ti#n, $ PI 2C a''us d m#v d t# "#st"#n man* tim s, &ai( d sti(( t# a"" ar, 5! n ! &ina((* a"" ar d -it! !is '#uns (, t! * as. d &#r 15 da*s t# &i( m m#randum, %! m m#randum -as n v r &i( d, s# t! inv stigating &is'a( &i( d a mani& stati#n ) &#r t! '#urt t!at t! r '#rds #& t! s 'as s ) r turn d and t! tria( #n t! m rits #& t! sam ) s t, $ %! '#urt trans& rr d t! 'as t# n - )ran'! #& CFI Ou 8#n -it!#ut a'ting #n mani& stati#n, Arraignm nt dat -as s t, $ AR 2C m#r "#st"#n m nts at instan' #& a''us d; m#v d &#r r inv stigati#n again, C#urt grant d, $ PI BC r s t ) 'aus n# s!#-, C#uns ( t! n as. d &#r 5 da*s t# &i( -ritt n s-#rn stat m nt #& a''us d as d & ns , N# stat m nt -as su)mitt d s# t! r '#rds #& t! 'as - r r turn d t# '#urt, A dat -as s t &#r arraignm nt, $ AR BC a''us d as. d &#r "#st"#n m nt, $ A**,+90/%0' &+0,lly (,))%0%2 $0 S%)' 3, 495 , A''us d "( ad d N1% GKI?%6 and as. d &#r tria( t# ) "#st"#n d, 1n "#st"#n d dat , a''us d as. d &#r an#t! r "#st"#n m nt, $ 1't 1290, a''us d and '#uns ( - r at tria(; )ut n# #n a"" ar d &#r "r#s 'uti#n, :' "t &#r a stat -itn ss, C#uns ( m#v d <#ra((*= &#r dismissa(, inv#.ing a''us d rig!t t# a s" d* tria(, C#urt grant d m#ti#n and dismiss d t! 'as s, ISSUES 1, 51N a''us d 'an inv#. rig!t t# s" d* tria( 2, 51N t!is a"" a( "(a' s t! a''us d in d#u)( / #"ard* HELD 1, N1 $ %! r s"#nd nt '#urt '#mmitt d a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in dismissing t! 'as s and in )asing t! dismissa( #n t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! a''us d t# s" d* tria(, $ %! rig!t t# a s" d* tria( m ans t!at t! a''us d is &r &r#m v :ati#us, 'a"ri'i#us, and #""r ssiv d (a*s, its sa(utar* #)/ 'tiv ) ing t# assur t!at an inn#' nt " rs#n ma* ) &r &r#m an:i t* and :" ns #& a '#urt (itigati#n #r, i& #t! r-is , #& !aving !is gui(t d t rmin d -it!in t! s!#rt st "#ssi)( tim '#m"ati)( -it! t! "r s ntati#n and '#nsid rati#n #& -!at v r ( gitimat d & ns ! ma* int r"#s , $ %! d (a*s in t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! #&& ns s - r a(( 'aus d )* t! a''us d s# ! 'ann#t inv#. '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# s" d* tria(, B* !is #-n d (i) rat a'ts, ! is d m d t# !av -aiv d #r a)and#n d !is rig!t t# a s" d* tria( 2, N1 $ %! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as s against t! a''us d )* t! r s"#nd nt '#urt #n t! gr#und t!at !is rig!t t# s" d* tria( !ad ) n vi#(at d -as d v#id #& &a'tua( and ( ga( )asis, $ In #rd r t!at t! "r#t 'ti#n against d#u)( / #"ard* ma* inur t# t! ) n &it #& an a''us d, t! &#((#-ing r 3uisit s must ) "r s nt in t! &irst "r#s 'uti#nC <a= a va(id '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n; <)= a '#m" t nt '#urt; <'= t! d & ndant !ad "( ad d t# t! '!arg ; and

a2010 page 101

<d= t! d & ndant -as a'3uitt d, #r '#nvi't d, #r t! 'as against !im -as dismiss d #r #t! r-is t rminat d -it!#ut !is :"r ss '#ns nt, $ %! (ast r 3uisit is n#t "r s nt ) 'aus t! #rd r #& t! CFI /udg -as nu(( and v#id, Dispositive P titi#n grant d, %! 'rimina( 'as s ar r instat d and t! "r#" r r gi#na( tria( '#urt is #rd r d t# "r#' d -it! a(( d (i) rat s" d in t! s 'as s,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

r ading #& t! s nt n' , )ut &ai( d t# d# s#; and -! n an #rd r -as issu d &#r !is arr st, t! -arrant '#u(d n#t ) s rv d #n !im ) 'aus ! '#u(d n#t ) &#und, 5! t! r #r n#t ! s'a" d t# C!ina is immat ria( &#r #ur "r s nt "ur"#s , %! &a't r mains t!at ! su'' d d in vading arr st &#r n ar(* t!irt n * ars, %! r '#rd s!#-s t!at u"#n !is &ai(ur t# a"" ar &#r t! r ading #& t! s nt n' , t! tria( '#urt d '(ar d t! '#n&is'ati#n #& t! )#nd &i( d )* Ang Gi#', and (at r issu d t! '#rr s"#nding #rd r #& : 'uti#n, %!is a'ti#n #& t! '#urt am#unt d t# a /udi'ia( d '(arati#n t!at Ang Gi#' -as a &ugitiv &r#m /usti' , and su'! d '(arati#n 'ann#t a&t r t! (a"s #& n ar(* t!irt n * ars ) '#ntr#v rt d )* "r##& a(iund , A '#ntrar* vi - -#u(d n'#urag a''us d " rs#ns t# tri&( -it! t! administrati#n #& /usti' , and "r#vid m ans &#r gui(t* "arti s t# s'a" "unis!m nt, 5 r / 't it -it!#ut t! ( ast ! sitati#n )* d '(aring t!at Ang Gi#' !ad -aiv d !is rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m t! /udgm nt r nd r d against !im, %! (a- -i(( n#t a((#- a " rs#n t# ta. advantag #& !is #-n -r#ng, $ Ang Gi#' !as -aiv d !is rig!t #& a"" a(, C#urt #& A"" a(s a'3uir d n# /urisdi'ti#n #& t! a"" a( &i( d )* !im, :' "t t# dismiss it; and t!at '#urt a't d in :' ss #& its /urisdi'ti#n -! n it #rd r d t! 'aus t# ) r mand d t# t! '#urt #& #rigin &#r a n - tria( Dispositive r manding #rd r must ) s t asid , and t! /udgm nt #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a d '(ar d &ina( and : 'ut#r*,

PEOPLE v ANG GIOC 93 P4I? 336 ABA; SAN%1S; 1't#) r 31, 1241
NATURE P titi#n &#r a -rit #& ' rti#rari FACTS $ Ang Gi#', t#g t! r -it! Si# G#, Gang San, S 6a and C!ua C!ui, -as '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& &rustrat d murd r in t! C#urt #& First Instan' #& >ani(a, 4 -as r ( as d #n )ai(, A&t r a "r#tra't d tria(, -!i'! (ast d s v ra( m#nt!s, Ang Gi#' and #n #& !is '#$a''us d, Si# G#, - r &#und gui(t* and s nt n' d t# t- (v * ars and #n da* #& cadena temporal, Ang Gi#' and !is sur ti s - r du(* n#ti&i d t# a"" ar ) &#r t! '#urt &#r t! r ading #& t! s nt n' , )ut t! &#rm r &ai( d t# a"" ar and t! r u"#n t! tria( /udg #rd r d !is arr st and t! '#n&is'ati#n #& t! )#nd &urnis! d &#r !is t m"#rar* r ( as , $ A(( att m"ts t# arr st !im "r#v d &uti( , 4 -as, !#- v r, &ina((* arr st d ,&'%* 0%,*ly '(+*'%%0 y%,*- &r#m t! dat &i: d &#r t! r ading #& t! s nt n' , 4 -as su)s 3u nt(* )r#ug!t ) &#r t! '#urt and t! s nt n' -as r ad t# !im, &r#m -!i'! ! a"" a( d t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s -! r , against t! #)/ 'ti#n #& t! S#(i'it#r G n ra(, ! -as a((#- d t# &i( a )#nd &#r !is t m"#rar* r ( as , $ In " r& 'ting t! r '#rd #n a"" a( it -as &#und t!at t! st n#gra"!i' n#t s ta. n during t! tria( - r n#t trans'ri) d and t!at t! t-# st n#gra"! rs -!# t##. t! n#t s - r a(r ad* d ad, %! matt r -as r & rr d t# s v ra( st n#gra"! rs -!# stat d t!at t! * '#u(d n#t trans'ri) t! n#t s ) 'aus t! d ' as d !ad us d s*st ms .n#-n #n(* t# t! ms (v s, In t!is situati#n, Ang Gi#' " titi#n d t! C#urt #& A"" a(s t# r mand t! 'aus t# t! '#urt ) (#- &#r a n - tria(, $ CA r mand d &#r n - tria( ISSUE 51N t! CA a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #& t! a"" a( &i( d )* !im HELD N1 $ %! a''us d !as rig!ts, #n #& -!i'! is t! rig!t #& a"" a(; )ut t!is is a "ur (* statut#r*, n#t a '#nstituti#na(, rig!t and t!is is n#t #n #& t!#s &undam nta( rig!ts -!i'! 'ann#t ) -aiv d, %!is rig!t is grant d s#( (* &#r t! ) n &it #& t! a''us d, 4 ma* avai( #& it #r n#t, as ! "( as s, 4 ma* -aiv it it! r :"r ss(* #r )* im"(i'ati#n, 5! n t! a''us d &( s a&t r t! 'as !as ) n su)mitt d t# t! '#urt &#r d 'isi#n, ! -i(( ) d m d t# !av -aiv d !is rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m t! /udgm nt r nd r d against !im, Su'! -as t! situati#n -it! r & r n' t# t! t! r s"#nd nt Ang Gi#', 4 -as du(* n#ti&i d t# a"" ar ) &#r t! tria( '#urt &#r t!

PEOPLE v ESPARAS 260 SCRA 532 PKN1; August 20, 1226

FACTS $ A''us d 7s"aras -as '!arg d -it! vi#(ati#n #& RA N#, 6425 as am nd d )* RA N#, 952 &#r im"#rting int# t! '#untr* 20 .i(#grams #& Rs!a)uR in Crimina( Cas N#, 24$5829 ) &#r t! R%C #& Pasa* Cit*, Br, 114, A&t r arraignm nt, t! a''us d s'a" d &r#m /ai( and -as tri d in a)s ntia, 1n >ar'! 13, 1225, t! tria( '#urt &#und ! r gui(t* as '!arg d and im"#s d #n ! r t! d at! " na(t*, %! a''us d r mains at (arg u" t# t! "r s nt tim , ISSUE 51N t! C#urt -i(( "r#' d t# aut#mati'a((* r vi - ! r d at! s nt n' HELD 67S $ %! "#- r #& t!is C#urt t# r vi - a d 'isi#n im"#sing t! d at! " na(t* 'ann#t ) -aiv d it! r )* t! a''us d #r )* t! '#urts, 1urs is n#t #n(* t! "#- r )ut t! dut* t# r vi - a(( d at! " na(t* 'as s, N# (itigant 'an r "udiat t!is "#- r -!i'! is ) st#- d )* t! C#nstituti#n, %! "#- r is m#r #& a sa'r d dut* -!i'! - !av t# dis'!arg t# assur t! P #"( t!at t! inn#' n' #& a 'iti8 n is #ur '#n' rn n#t #n(* in 'rim s t!at s(ig!t )ut v n m#r , in 'rim s t!at s!#'. t! '#ns'i n' , %!is '#n' rn 'ann#t ) di(ut d, $ 5 !av a(-a*s r vi - d t! im"#siti#n #& t! d at! " na(t* r gard( ss #& t! -i(( #& t! '#nvi't, 1ur un*i (ding stan' is di'tat d )* t! "#(i'* t!at t! Stat s!#u(d n#t ) giv n t! (i' ns t# .i(( -it!#ut t! &ina( d t rminati#n #& t!is 4ig! st %ri)una( -!#s '#(( 'tiv -isd#m is t! (ast, && 'tiv ! dg against an rr#n #us /udgm nt #& a #n $/udg tria( '#urt,

Criminal Procedure
%!is n(ig!t n d "#(i'* #ug!t t# '#ntinu as #ur ) a'#n (ig!t &#r t! ta.ing #& (i& nds a(( rig!ts, a matt r #& s#'i ta( va(u t!at trans' nds t! " rs#na( int r st #& a '#nvi't, %! im"#rtan' #& t!is s#'i ta( va(u s!#u(d n#t ) )(urr d )* t! s'a" #& a '#nvi't -!i'! is a "r#)( m #& (an&#r' m nt, N it! r s!#u(d t!is C#urt ) m#v d a(#n )* t! #utrag #& t! "u)(i' &#r t! ris in statisti's #& ! in#us 'rim s &#r #ur d 'isi#ns s!#u(d n#t ) dir 't d )* t! '!anging -inds #& t! s#'ia( - at! r, ? t us n#t &#r a m#m nt &#rg t t!at an a''us d d# s n#t ' as t# !av rig!ts /ust ) 'aus #& !is '#nvi'ti#n, %!is "rin'i"( is im"(i'it in #ur C#nstituti#n -!i'! r '#gni8 s t!at an a''us d, t# ) rig!t, -!i( t! ma/#rit*, v n i& #v r-! (ming, !as n# rig!t t# ) -r#ng,

a2010 page 102

?ustad# !ad ) n " rs#na((* s rv d -it! su)"# na t# a"" ar and t sti&* at t! ! aring s'! du( d #n +un 6, 1283, $ +un 6, 1283C t! tria( -as again "#st"#n d, t!is tim ) 'aus t! r -as n# tria( &is'a(, $ +u(* 12, 1283C tria( -as r s t &#r (a'. #& mat ria( tim , $ S "t 6, 1283C %! tria( -as #n' m#r r s t )* agr $/udgm nt #& t! "arti s, $ 1't 12, 1283C t! tria( -as r s t t# N#v m) r 14, 1283, $ N#v 14, 1283C t! "r#s 'uti#n m#v d &#r t! "r#visi#na( dismissa( #& t! 'as ) 'aus its -itn ss s !ad n#t a"" ar d, $ 1n t! sam dat , +udg G#rg#ni# #rd r d t! 'as Pr#visi#na((* ;ismiss d $ +an 2, 1284C a m#ti#n t# r viv t! 'as s -as &i( d )* >a/, ;a'ana* <! !ad ) n "r#m#t d in t! m antim = and Sgt, ?ustad# -!# a(( g d t!at t! * '#u(d n#t att nd t! ! aring s'! du( d #n N#v m) r 14, 1283, &#r (a'. #& n#ti' , $ C#"* #& t! m#ti#n -as &urnis! d t! Cit* Fis'a( #& Ca(##'an Cit* )ut n#t t! " titi#n r, Said m#ti#n -as grant d )* +, G#rg#ni# $Ca s &i( d a >R )ut -as d ni d and t! r viv d 'as s - r s t &r#m ! aring #n N#v, 12, 1284, $ Ca s 3u sti#n d t! /udg Qs #rd r #n ' rti#rari -it! t!is C#urt, -!i'! r & rr d !is " titi#n t# t! IAC, $ IAC dismiss d it &#r (a'. #& m rit #n >a* 20, 1286, and r '#nsid rati#n -as d ni d #n +un 19, 1286, ISSUES 1, 51N t! m#ti#n t# r viv t! 'as s -as inva(id ) 'aus it -as n#t &i( d )* t! "r#" r "art* n#r -as a '#"* s rv d t# CA7S 2, 51N t! r viva( #& t! 'as s -#u(d "(a' t! " titi#n r d#u)( / #"ard* in vi#(ati#n #& t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts HELD 1, 67S $ %! tria( /udg rr d in #rd ring t! r viva( #& t! 'as s against Ca s and t!at CFI a(s# rr d in a&&irming t!at #rd r, Ca s !aving ) n d ni d !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# a s" d* tria(, and n#t !aving :"r ss(* '#ns nt d t# t! R"r#visi#na(R dismissa( #& t! 'as s against !im, ! -as ntit( d t# t! ir &ina( dismissa( und r t! '#nstituti#na( "r#!i)iti#n against d#u)( / #"ard*, Reasoning $ Ru( 110, S , 5, "ar,1C It is a:i#mati' t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a 'rimina( 'as is t! r s"#nsi)i(it* #& t! g#v0t "r#s 'ut#r and must a(-a*s ) und r !is '#ntr#(, $ 4 rr r# v, ;ia8C %!is is tru v n i& a "rivat "r#s 'ut#r is a((#- d t# assist !im and a'tua((* !and( s t! :aminati#n #& t! -itn ss s and t! intr#du'ti#n #& #t! r vid n' , $ %! -itn ss s, v n i& t! * ar t! '#m"(aining -itn ss s, 'ann#t a't &#r t! "r#s 'ut#r in t! !and(ing #& t! 'as , A(t!#ug! t! * ma* as. &#r t! &i(ing #& t! 'as , t! * !av n# " rs#na(it* t# m#v &#r its dismissa( #r r viva( as t! * ar n#t v n "arti s t! r t# n#r d# t! * r "r s nt t! "arti s t# t! a'ti#n, %! ir #n(* &un'ti#n is t# t sti&*, $ In a 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n, t! "(ainti&& is r "r s nt d )* t! g#v rnm nt "r#s 'ut#r, #r #n a'ting und r !is aut!#rit*, and )* n# #n (s ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ It &#((#-s t!at t! m#ti#n &#r t! r viva( #& t! 'as s &i( d )* "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s <-!# n v r v n t sti&i d= s!#u(d !av ) n summari(* dismiss d )* t! tria( /udg , $ %! m r &a't t!at t! g#v rnm nt "r#s 'ut#r -as &urnis! d a '#"* #& t! m#ti#n and ! did n#t int r"#s an* #)/ 'ti#n -as n#t n#ug! t# /usti&* t! a'ti#n #& t! s -itn ss s, $%! "r#s 'ut#r s!#u(d !av initiat d t! m#ti#n !ims (& i& ! t!#ug!t it "r#" r, %! "r sum"ti#n t!at ! a""r#v d #& t! m#ti#n is n#t n#ug!, s" 'ia((* sin' - ar d a(ing ! r -it! t! (i) rt* #& a " rs#n -!# !ad a rig!t at ( ast t# ) n#ti&i d #& t! m#v t# "r#s 'ut !im again, $ %! &a't t!at ! -as n#t s# in&#rm d mad t! irr gu(arit* v n m#r s ri#us, It is 'uri#us t!at t! m#ti#n -as grant d /ust t! sam , and e+ parte at t!at and -it!#ut ! aring, and t! " titi#n rQs su)s 3u nt #)/ 'ti#n -as )rus! d asid , 2, 67S $ Fitting(* d s'ri) d as Rres judicata in "ris#n gr *,R t! rig!t against d#u)( / #"ard* "r#!i)its t! "r#s 'uti#n #& a " rs#n &#r a 'rim #& -!i'! ! !as ) n "r vi#us(* a'3uitt d #r '#nvi't d, %! "ur"#s is t# s t t! && 'ts #& t! &irst "r#s 'uti#n &#r v r at r st, assuring t! a''us d t!at ! s!a(( n#t t! r a&t r ) su)/ 't d t# t! dang r and an:i t* #& a s '#nd '!arg against !im &#r t! sam #&& ns , $ P #"( v, 6(agan, > nd#8a v, A(m da ?#" 8, P #"( v, 1)sania Y %# '#nstitut d#u)( / #"ard*, t! r must ) C <a= a va(id '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n; <)= &i( d ) &#r a '#m" t nt '#urt; <'= t# -!i'! t! d & ndant !ad "( ad d; and <d= #& -!i'! ! !ad ) n "r vi#us(* a'3uitt d #r '#nvi't d #r -!i'! -as dismiss d #r #t! r-is t rminat d -it!#ut !is :"r ss '#ns nt, $ %! r is n# 3u sti#n t!at t! &irst t!r r 3uisit s ar "r s nt in t! 'as at )ar, /%AT *! T%# #11#CT A1 T%# PRA<. D*!(*!!A>3 $ P #"( v 6(aganC It is s tt( d t!at a 'as ma* ) dismiss d i& t! dismissa( is mad #n m#ti#n #& t! a''us d !ims (& #r #n m#ti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n -it! t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, Su'! a dismissa( is '#rr 't(* d n#minat d "r#visi#na(, But a dismissa( is n#t "r#visi#na( v n i& s# d signat d i& it is s!#-n t!at it -as mad -it!#ut t! :"r ss '#ns nt #& t! a''us d, %!is '#ns nt 'ann#t ) "r sum d n#r ma* it ) m r (* im"(i d &r#m t! d & ndantQs si( n' #r !is &ai(ur t# #)/ 't, $ P ndatum v, Arag#n, P #"( v, 4inaut, S#(is v, Ag(#r#C Su'! '#ns nt must ) :"r ss, s# as t# ( av n# d#u)t as t# t! d & ndantQs '#n&#rmit*, 1t! r-is , t! dismissa( -i(( ) r gard d as &ina(, i, ,, -it! "r /udi' t# t! r &i(ing #& t! 'as , $ %! r ar instan' s in &a't -! n t! dismissa( -i(( ) ! (d t# ) &ina( and t# dis"#s #& t! 'as #n' and &#r a(( v n i& t! dismissa( -as mad #n m#ti#n #& t! a''us d !ims (&, $ %! &+*-' is -! r t! dismissa( is )as d #n a d murr r t# t! vid n' &i( d )* t! a''us d a&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n !as r st d, Su'! dismissa( !as t! && 't #& a /udgm nt #n t! m rits and #" rat s as an a'3uitta(, $ %! $'(%* %C.%)'+$0 is -! r t! dismissa( is mad , a(s# #n m#ti#n #& t! a''us d, ) 'aus #& t! d nia( #& !is rig!t t# a s" d* tria(, %!is is in && 't a &ai(ur t# "r#s 'ut , $ SC said t!at t!is 'as is simi(ar t# Conde v# Rivera <s# t!is d#'trin a""(i s in t!is 'as t##= -! r a "r#s 'uting #&&i' r, -it!#ut g##d 'aus , s 'ur s "#st"#n m nts #& t! tria( #& a d & ndant against !is "r#t st ) *#nd a r as#na)( " ri#d #& tim , as in t!is instan' &#r m#r t!an a * ar, t! a''us d is ntit( d t# r (i & ,,,

SAMSON v CA DSKPRA, PAG7 84E PEOPLE v CITY COURT OF MANILA DSKPRA, PAG7 92E GALMAN v SANDIGANBAYAN DSKPRA, PAG7 82E CAES v IAC 192 SCRA 54 CRKL; N#v m) r 6, 1282
FACTS $ +# ( Ca s -as '!arg d in 2 s "arat in&#rmati#ns -it! I??7GA? P1SS7SSI1N 1F FIR7AR>S AN; I??7GA? P1SS7SSI1N 1F >ARI+KANA ) &#r t! CFI #& Ri8a(, <S41R% v rsi#nC t!is gu* sta* d in "ris#n &#r 3 *rs '#8 n#t!ing -as !a"" ning -it! !is 'as $tria( -as "#st"#n d 11 tim s$t! '#urt t! n d 'id d t# dismiss it "r#visi#na((* )ut -as (at r #n r viv d, VVVBut i& ma0am -ants d tai(s, r ad #nI= $ %! 'as s - r '#ns#(idat d #n ; ' 10, 1281, $ Arraignm nt -as #rigina((* s'! du( d #n +anuar* 11, 1282, )ut -as &#r s#m r as#n "#st"#n d, $ August 31, 1282, Ca s -as arraign d and "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ %ria( -as s'! du( d &#r 1't#) r 13, 1282, )ut t!is -as r s t u"#n agr m nt #& t! "arti s, $ N#v 15, 1282C t! tria( -as again "#st"#n d &#r r as#ns t!at d# n#t a"" ar in t! r '#rd, $ ; ' 20, 1282C t! tria( -as again "#st"#n d ) 'aus t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s - r a)s nt, $ +an 12, 1283C t! t!ird r s tting #& t! 'as -as a(s# 'an' ( d, n# r as#n a"" aring in t! r '#rd, $ F ) 21, 1283C n# tria( '#u(d ) ! (d again, ) 'aus -itn ss s ) ing a)s nt, $ >ar'! 21, 1283C t! tria( -as r s t #n' m#r , again ) 'aus t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s - r a)s nt, $ A"ri( 12, 1283C t! tria( #& t! 'as !ad n#t * t start d, It -as r s t ) 'aus t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s - r again a)s nt, $ +un 3, 1283, a s! ri&&s r turn in&#rm d t! tria( '#urt t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n -itn ss s, nam (*, Ca"t, Car(#s ;a'ana* and Sgt, B#ni&a'i#

Criminal Procedure
$ %! 'ir'umstan' t!at t! dismissa( #& t! 'as s against t! " titi#n r -as d s'ri) d )* t! tria( /udg as R"r#visi#na(R did n#t '!ang t! natur #& t!at dismissa(, As it -as )as d #n t! R(a'. #& int r stR #& t! "r#s 'ut#r and t! '#ns 3u nt d (a* in t! tria( #& t! 'as s, it -as &ina( and #" rat d as an a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d #n t! m rits, $ N# ( ss im"#rtant(*, t! r is n# "r##& t!at Ca s e+pressl' '#n'urr d in t! "r#visi#na( dismissa(, Im"(i d '#ns nt, as - !av r " at d(* ! (d, is n#t n#ug!; n it! r ma* it ) (ig!t(* in& rr d &r#m t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit*, &#r Awe are dealing here with the alleged waiver #& a '#nstituti#na( rig!t, An* d#u)t #n t!is matt r must ) r s#(v d in &av#r #& t! a''us d,B $ 5!#0s &au(t -as it t! nH %! r s"#nsi)i(it* '( ar(* (i s -it! t! 1&&i' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r #& Ca(##'an Cit* &#r its n g(ig n' and in "titud , Dispositive P7%I%I1N IS GRAN%7;, ;IS>ISSA? 1F %47 CRI>INA? CAS7S d '(ar d as FINA?,

a2010 page 103

"( ading, $ %! rati#na( is t!at -! n a''us d m#v s &#r dismissa( #n gr#und #& insu&&i'i n'* #& vid n' , ! d# s s# in ) (i & t!at vid n' is insu&&i'i nt t# '#nvi't and an* n d &#r !im t# "r s nt vid n' is n gat d, A''us d 'ann#t ) a((#- d t# -ag r #n #ut'#m #& /udi'ia( "r#' dings )* s"#using in'#nsist nt vi -"#ints, $ 4157@7R, in t!is 'as , t!is ru( is ina""(i'a)( , First, ) 'aus t! "r#s 'uti#n !as n#t * t r st d its 'as , %! d#'um ntar* :!i)its ar sti(( in issu , S '#nd, t! %C (#st n# tim in d n*ing >#ti#n t# A'3uit and G#d#* -as r ad* t# "r s nt vid n' )ut "r#s 'uti#n m#v d t# dis3ua(i&* !im, %! "ra'ti' s#ug!t t# ) av#id d )* t! ru( is in :ist nt,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

RI>ERA v PEOPLE 6NAR7S$SAN%IAG1; +un 2, 2005

NATURE P titi#n &#r r vi - #n ' rti#rari und r Ru( 45 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt FACTS $ +uan G, Riv ra and 7ri' 1, Gar'ia, muni'i"a( ma*#r and dis)urs m nt #&&i' r, r s" 'tiv (*, #& Guin#)atan, A()a*, - r '!arg d ) &#r t! Sandigan)a*an -it! 12 '#unts #& &a(si&i'ati#n #& "u)(i' d#'um nts and 1 '#unt #& ma(v rsati#n #& "u)(i' &unds inv#(ving t! am#unt #& P1,236,928,64 giv n t# t! >uni'i"a(it* #& Guin#)atan as 'a(amit* &und &#r t! vi'tims #& t! >a*#n v#('ani' ru"ti#n, Gar'ia di d #n August 25, 2001 and -as a''#rding(* dr#"" d &r#m t! am nd d in&#rmati#n, $ Riv ra "( ad d n#t gui(t* t# a(( 13 'as s, A "r $tria( -as '#ndu't d, Pr#s 'uti#n "r s nt d its -itn ss s and #&& r d d#'um ntar* :!i)its, $ S "t m) r 22, 2003C %! d & ns -as s'! du( d t# "r s nt vid n' ; !#- v r, during t! ! aring, " titi#n r0s &#rm r '#uns (, Att*, B n/amin C, B (armin#, +r,, in&#rm d t! '#urt t!at t! * !av n#t * t r ' iv d t! r s#(uti#n #n t! "r#s 'uti#n0s F#rma( 1&& r #& 7:!i)its, &urt! r mani& sting t!at u"#n r ' i"t #& t! r s#(uti#n, t! * -i(( as. &#r ( av #& '#urt t# &i( d murr r t# vid n' , $ %! '#urt dir 't d Att*, B (armin# t# &i( a d murr r t# vid n' v n -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt )ut t! (att r mani& st d t!at ! -#u(d sti(( dis'uss t! matt r -it! !is '#((a)#rating '#uns (, 4#- v r, in t! #rd r issu d )* t! Sandigan)a*an, it -as stat d t!at " titi#n r, t!r#ug! '#uns (, mani& st d t!at ! -#u(d ) &i(ing a d murr r t# vid n' -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt -it!in 10 da*s, $ 1't#) r 20, 2003C ; murr r t# 7vid n' -as &i( d -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt $ 1't#) r 29, 2003C Pr#s 'uti#n &i( d its 1""#siti#n, $ Pursuant t# S 'ti#n 23, Ru( 112 #& %! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , t! Sandigan)a*an '#nsid r d t! rig!t #& " titi#n r t# "r s nt vid n' -aiv d and d m d t! 'as su)mitt d &#r /udgm nt #n t! )asis #& t! vid n' &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, $ >a* 3, 2004C t! Sandigan)a*an &#und " titi#n r gui(t* in a(( 13 'as s, $ >a* 19, 2004C P titi#n r m#v d &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! d 'isi#n and &urt! r m#v d t!at ! ) a((#- d t# "r s nt vid n' , $ +un 10, 2004C >FR d ni d ISSUE 51N t! d 'isi#n and r s#(uti#n #& t! Sandigan)a*an s!#u(d ) s t asid t# a((#- " titi#n r t# "r s nt vid n' d s"it t! d murr r t# vid n' &i( d

PEOPLE v PANFILO LACSON DSKPRA, PAG7 94E GODOY v CA >7?7NCI1$47RR7RA; August 30, 1288
NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari t# r vi - t! d 'isi#n #& t! CA FACTS $ G#d#* is #n #& 6 a''us d #& !#mi'id , A(( "( ad d n#t gui(t*, %ria( "r#' d d unti( "r#s 'uti#n '#n'(ud d "r s ntati#n #& vid n' a&t r -!i'! "r#s 'uti#n &#rma((* #&& r d d#'um ntar* :!i)its, B &#r d & ns su)mitt d #)/ 'ti#ns t# #&& r, " titi#n r &i( d >#ti#n t# A'3uit #n gr#und #& (a'. #& vid n' "r#ving gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, $ %C d ni d >#ti#n t# A'3uit and admitt d F#rma( 1&& r #& ;#'um ntar* 7:!i)its &#r "r#s 'uti#n, $ Pr#s 'uti#n m#v d &#r dis3ua(i&i'ati#n #& G#d#* &r#m "r s nting vid n' as - (( as !is :'(usi#n &r#m "r#' dings #n gr#und t!at t! >#ti#n t# A'3uit is 3uiva( nt t# a d murr r t# t! vid n' s# ! !ad a(r ad* -aiv d !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' , %C d ni d t! dis3ua(i&i'ati#n and a((#- d G#d#* t# "r s nt vid n' , Pr#s 'uti#n &i( d >FR )ut t!is -as d ni d, $ Fat! r #& vi'tim &i( d P titi#n &#r C rti#rari ) &#r CA, CA nu((i&i d t! #rd rs #& %C and ! (d t!at G#d#*0s >#ti#n t# A'3uit -as a d murr r t# vid n' , ISSUE 51N t! >#ti#n t# A'3uit is t! sam as a m#ti#n t# dismiss #n d murr r t# vid n' HELD N1 $ S 'ti#n 15 Ru( 112 #& t! 1285 Ru( s #n Crim Pr# is r ( vant, %! ru( is :"(i'it t!at in &i(ing a >#ti#n t# ;ismiss #n gr#und #& insu&&i'i n'* #& vid n' , an a''us d -aiv s t! rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' , %! r is n# mat ria( di&& r n' ) t- n t! >#ti#n t# A'3uit )* G#d#* and a d murr r t# vid n' , A di&& r nt (a) ( d# sn0t '!ang t! tru natur #&

HELD 67S $ A demurrer to evidence is d &in d as Aan #)/ 'ti#n )* #n #& t! "arti s in an a'ti#n, t# t! && 't t!at t! vid n' -!i'! !is adv rsar* "r#du' d is insu&&i'i nt in "#int #& (a-, -! t! r tru #r n#t, t# ma. #ut a 'as #r sustain t! issu B, %! "art* d murring '!a(( ng s t! su&&i'i n'* #& t! -!#( vid n' t# sustain a v rdi't, In "assing u"#n t! su&&i'i n'* #& t! vid n' rais d in a d murr r, t! '#urt is m r (* r 3uir d t# as' rtain -! t! r t! r is '#m" t nt #r su&&i'i nt "r##& t# sustain t! indi'tm nt #r t# su""#rt a v rdi't #& gui(t, $ %! #rd r dat d S "t m) r 22, 2003, ina''urat (* stat d t!at Att*, B (armin# mani& st d t!at ! -i(( ) &i(ing a d murr r t# vid n' v n -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt -! n t! r '#rds s!#- n# su'! mani& stati#n -as mad , 1n t! '#ntrar*, t! r '#rds s!#- t!at Att*, B (armin# as. d &#r ( av #& '#urt t# &i( a d murr r t# vid n' and &#r tim t# dis'uss t! sam -it! !is '#$'#uns ( )ut -as inst ad #rd r d )* t! '#urt t# &i( t! sam -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt -it!in t n da*s, $ Att*, B (armin# did n#t 'it an* gr#und -! n ! m#v d &#r ( av #& '#urt t# &i( d murr r t# vid n' ; n it! r did t! Sandigan)a*an ma. an* in3uir* t! r #n ) &#r issuing t! #rd r, dir 'ting t! " titi#n r t# &i( a d murr r t# vid n' v n -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt, %!is is '#ntrar* t# t! "r#visi#ns #& S 'ti#n 23, Ru( 112 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur -!i'! s" 'i&i'a((* instru'ts t!at At! m#ti#n &#r ( av #& '#urt t# &i( d murr r t# vid n' s!a(( s" 'i&i'a((* stat its gr#unds,B $ P titi#n r -as n#t '#nsu(t d n#r did !is '#uns ( '#n& r -it! !im and as. -! t! r ! und rst##d t! signi&i'an' #& &i(ing a d murr r t# vid n' , Att*, B (armin# -as n#t giv n t! #""#rtunit* t# dis'uss -it! " titi#n r t! '#ns 3u n' s #& &i(ing a d murr r t# vid n' -it!#ut ( av #& '#urt, $ People v. BodosoC 4 n' &#rt!, t# "r#t 't t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# du "r#' ss #& v r* a''us d in a 'a"ita( #&& ns and t# av#id an* '#n&usi#n a)#ut t! "r#" r st "s t# ) ta. n -! n a tria( '#urt '#m s &a' t# &a' -it! an a''us d #r !is '#uns ( -!# -ants t# -aiv !is '(i nt0s rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' and ) ! ard, it s!a(( ) t! un 3uiv#'a( dut* #& t! tria( '#urt t# #)s rv , as a "r r 3uisit t# t! va(idit* #& su'! -aiv r, a "r#' dur a.in t# a Asearching in$uir'B as s" 'i&i d in People v. Aran"ado -! n an a''us d "( ads gui(t*, "arti'u(ar(* N 1, %! tria( '#urt s!a(( ! ar )#t! t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! a''us d -it! t! ir r s" 'tiv '#uns ( #n t! d sir #r mani& stati#n #& t! a''us d t# -aiv t! rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' and ) ! ard, 2, %! tria( '#urt s!a(( nsur t! att ndan' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n and s" 'ia((* t! a''us d -it! t! ir r s" 'tiv '#uns ( in t! ! aring -!i'! must ) r '#rd d, %! ir "r s n' must ) du(* nt r d in t! minut s #& t! "r#' dings, 3, ;uring t! ! aring, it s!a(( ) t! tas. #& t! tria( '#urt t# N a, as. t! d & ns '#uns ( a s ri s #& 3u sti#n t# d t rmin -! t! r ! !ad '#n& rr d -it! and '#m"( t (* :"(ain d t# t! a''us d t!at ! !ad t! rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' and ) ! ard as - (( as its m aning and '#ns 3u n' s, t#g t! r -it! t! signi&i'an' and #ut'#m #& t! -aiv r #& su'! rig!t, I& t! (a-* r &#r t! a''us d !as n#t d#n s#, t! tria( '#urt s!a(( giv t! (att r n#ug! tim t# &u(&i(( t!is "r#& ssi#na( #)(igati#n,

Criminal Procedure
), in3uir &r#m t! d & ns '#uns ( -it! '#n&#rmit* #& t! a''us d -! t! r ! -ants t# "r s nt vid n' #r su)mit a m m#randum (u'idating #n t! '#ntradi'ti#ns and insu&&i'i n'* #& t! "r#s 'uti#n vid n' , i& an*, #r in d &au(t t! #r*, &i( a d murr r t# vid n' -it! "ri#r ( av #& '#urt, i& ! s# ) (i v s t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n vid n' is s# - a. t!at it n d n#t v n ) r )utt d, I& t! r is a d sir t# d# s#, t! tria( '#urt s!a(( giv t! d & ns n#ug! tim t# t!is "ur"#s , ', (i'it in&#rmati#n a)#ut t! " rs#na(it* "r#&i( #& t! a''us d, su'! as !is ag , s#'i#$ '#n#mi' status, and du'ati#na( )a'.gr#und, -!i'! ma* s rv as a trust-#rt!* ind : #& !is 'a"a'it* t# giv a &r and in&#rm d -aiv r, d, a(( 3u sti#ns "#s d t# t! a''us d s!#u(d ) in a (anguag .n#-n and und rst##d )* t! (att r, ! n' , t! r '#rd must stat t! (anguag us d &#r t!is "ur"#s as - (( as r &( 't t! '#rr s"#nding trans(ati#n t! r #& in 7ng(is!, ) People v. 1lores C %!#ug! t! Ru( s r 3uir n# su'! in3uir* t# ) und rta. n )* t! '#urt &#r t! va(idit* #& su'! -aiv r #r an* /udgm nt mad as r su(t #& t! -aiv r, prudence, !#- v r, r 3uir s t! C#urt t# as' rtain t! sam t# av#id an* grav mis'arriag #& /usti' , An* (a-* r -#rt! !is sa(t #ug!t t# .n#- t!at t! &i(ing #& a d murr r t# vid n' -it! ( av #& '#urt !as t! ) n &i'ia( && 't #& r s rving t! m#vant0s rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' i& t! d murr r is d ni d )* t! '#urt, %!us, a '#uns ( -!# &i( s a d murr r -it! ( av #& '#urt, )ut at t! sam tim :"r ss(* -aiv s !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' s!#u(d "ut a /udg #n guard t!at said '#uns ( ma* n#t ntir (* '#m"r ! nd t! '#ns 3u n' s #& t! -aiv r, $ %! vid n' #n r '#rd d# n#t '( ar(* s!#- -! r and t# -!#m t! a(( g d(* ma(v rs d m#n * - r giv n a&t r it -as n'as! d, 5!at is '( ar is t!at t! 'a(amit* &und -as r ( as d t# A(m da 1, ?im, t! >uni'i"a( %r asur r #& Guin#)atan, A()a* t# -!i'! 1&&i'ia( R ' i"t N#, 89422424 -as issu d, %! r a&t r, '! '.s ) aring ! r signatur and t!at #& Riv ra0s - r " rs#na((* n'as! d )* ! r -!i( s! -as a(( g d(* a''#m"ani d )* Gar'ia, 5itn ss s -!# #-n d t! &#rg d r ' i"ts t sti&i d t!at t! * !and d t! )(an. r ' i"ts t# Gar'ia and n#t t# " titi#n r, %! n, a&t r r ' i"t #& t! 'as!, t! dis)urs m nt v#u'! rs and #t! r &#rms r 3uir d t# (i3uidat t! am#unt - r a(( g d(* "r "ar d )* ?im and t! r a&t r, transmitt d t# Riv ra &#r a""r#va(, and &ina((* t# t! "r#vin'ia( G#v rnm nt, It !as n#t ) n satis&a't#ri(* sta)(is! d -! t! r " titi#n r !as a""r#"riat d, ta. n #r misa""r#"riat d, #r !as '#ns nt d t# t! ta.ing )* an#t! r " rs#n, #& su'! &unds, $ %! "r s ntati#n #& vid n' )* t! d & ns -#u(d r s#(v an* d#u)t as t# " titi#n r0s '#m"(i'it* and av#id "#ssi)( mis'arriag #& /usti' , $ C( ar(*, -! n Atrans' nd nta( matt rsB (i. (i& , (i) rt* #r Stat s 'urit* ar inv#(v d, sus" nsi#n #& t! ru( s is (i. (* t# ) - ('#m d m#r g n r#us(*, %! Ru( s #n "r#' dur ar m r (* t##(s d sign d t# &a'i(itat t! attainm nt #& /usti' , 5! n t! * ar rigid and stri't in a""(i'ati#n, r su(ting in t '!ni'a(iti s t!at t nd t# &rustrat rat! r t!an "r#m#t /usti' , t! C#urt is m"#- r d t# sus" nd t! ru( s, Dispositive P titi#n is GRAN%7;, Sandigan)a*an r s#(uti#ns S7% ASI;7, R '#rds #& Crimina( Cas N#s, 26686$28 R7>AN;7; t# t! Sandigan)a*an &#r &urt! r "r#' dings,

a2010 page 104

FACTS $ 7ung 5#n C!#i, -as '!arg d &#r vi#(ati#n #& BP 22, #t! r-is .n#-n as t! B#un'ing C! '.s ?a-, &#r issuing PNB C! '. N#, 0099133 "#stdat d August 28, 1222 in t! am#unt #& P1,895,000 -!i'! -as dis!#n#r d &#r !aving ) n dra-n against insu&&i'i nt &unds, 4 "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ A&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n r st d its 'as , r s"#nd nt &i( d a >#ti#n &#r ? av #& C#urt t# Fi( ; murr r t# 7vid n' t# -!i'! ! atta'! d !is ; murr r, ass rting t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# "r#v t!at ! r ' iv d t! n#ti' #& dis!#n#r, ! n' , t! "r sum"ti#n #& t! ( m nt #& .n#-( dg #& insu&&i'i n'* #& &unds did n#t aris , $ <2M29M03= %! > %C #& >a.ati, Bran'! 65 grant d t! d murr r and dismiss d t! 'as , %! "r#s 'uti#n0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n -as d ni d, $ Par. a"" a( d t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as t# t! R%C #& >a.ati, '#nt nding t!at t! dismissa( #& t! 'rimina( 'as s!#u(d n#t in'(ud its 'ivi( as" 't, %! R%C ! (d t!at -!i( t! vid n' "r s nt d -as insu&&i'i nt t# "r#v C!#i0s 'rimina( (ia)i(it*, it did n#t a(t#g t! r :tinguis! !is 'ivi( (ia)i(it*, It a''#rding(* grant d Par.0s a"" a( and #rd r d C!#i t# "a* !im P1,895,000 -it! ( ga( int r st, $ K"#n C!#i0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n, !#- v r, t! R%C s t asid its d 'isi#n and #rd r d t! r mand #& t! 'as t# t! > %C A&#r &urt! r "r#' dings, s# t!at C!#i ma* addu' vid n' #n t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as ,B Par.0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! r mand #& t! 'as !aving ) n d ni d, ! ( vat d t! 'as t# t! CA -!i'! dismiss d !is " titi#n, ISSUES 1, 51N t! CA rr d in dismissing t! " titi#n &#r n#t &u((* '#m"(*ing -it! v ri&i'ati#n r 3uir m nts 2, 51N t! CA rr d in dismissing t! " titi#n #n t! gr#und t!at it -as n#t a''#m"ani d )* '#"i s #& ' rtain "( adings and #t! r mat ria( "#rti#ns #& t! r '#rd as -#u(d su""#rt t! a(( gati#ns #& t! " titi#n 3, 51N t! CA rr d in dismissing t! " titi#n &#r &ai(ur t# im"( ad t! P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s as a "art* 4, 51N t! r s"#nd nt !as a rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' #n t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as in vi - #& !is d murr r HELD 1, N1 Ratio @ ri&i'ati#n is n#t an m"t* ritua( #r a m aning( ss &#rma(it*, Its im"#rt must n v r ) sa'ri&i' d in t! nam #& m r :" di n' #r s! r 'a"ri' , F#r -!at is at sta. is t! matt r #& v rit* att st d )* t! san'tit* #& an #at! t# s 'ur an assuran' t!at t! a(( gati#ns in t! "( ading !av ) n mad in g##d &ait!, #r ar tru and '#rr 't and n#t m r (* s" 'u(ativ , R%,-$0+09 $ S 'ti#n 4 #& Ru( 9 #& t! R#CC @ ri&i'ati#n N 7:' "t -! n #t! r-is s" 'i&i'a((* r 3uir d )* (a- #r ru( , "( adings n d n#t ) und r #at!, v ri&i d #r a''#m"ani d )* a&&idavit, A "( ading is v ri&i d )* an a&&idavit t!at t! a&&iant !as r ad t! "( ading and t!at t! a(( gati#ns t! r in ar tru and '#rr 't #& !is " rs#na( .n#-( dg $* )as d #n aut! nti' r '#rds, $ A "( ading r 3uir d t# ) v ri&i d -!i'! '#ntains a v ri&i'ati#n )as d #n Ain&#rmati#n and ) (i &,B #r u"#n A.n#-( dg , in&#rmati#n and ) (i &,B #r (a'.s a "r#" r v ri&i'ati#n s!a(( ) tr at d as an unsign d "( ading,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

$ Par. argu s t!at t! -#rd A#rB is a dis/un'tiv t rm signi&*ing disass#'iati#n and ind " nd n' , ! n' , ! '!#s t# a&&irm in !is " titi#n ! &i( d ) &#r t! '#urt a 3u# t!at its '#nt nts ar Atru and '#rr 't #& m* #-n " rs#na( .n#-( dg ,B and n#t #n t! )asis #& aut! nti' d#'um nts, 1n t! #t! r !and, C!#i '#unt rs t!at t! -#rd A#rB ma* ) int r"r t d in a '#n/un'tiv s ns and '#nstru d t# m an as Aand,B #r vi' v rsa, -! n t! '#nt :t #& t! (a- s# -arrants, $ A "( ading ma* ) v ri&i d und r it! r #& t! t-# giv n m#d s #r und r )#t!, %! v ra'it* #& t! a(( gati#ns in a "( ading ma* ) a&&irm d )as d #n it! r #n 0s #-n " rs#na( .n#-( dg #r #n aut! nti' r '#rds, #r )#t!, as -arrant d, %! us #& t! "r "#siti#n A#rB '#nn#t s t!at it! r s#ur' 3ua(i&i s as a su&&i'i nt )asis &#r v ri&i'ati#n and, n d( ss t# stat , t! '#n'urr n' #& )#t! s#ur' s is m#r t!an su&&i'i nt, B aring )#t! a dis/un'tiv and '#n/un'tiv s ns , t!is "ara(( ( ( ga( signi&i'ati#n av#ids a '#nstru'ti#n t!at -i(( :'(ud t! '#m)inati#n #& t! a(t rnativ s #r )ar t! &&i'a'* #& an* #n #& t! a(t rnativ s standing a(#n , $ 4#- v r, t! rang #& " rmutati#ns is n#t ( &t t# t! "( ad r0s (i.ing, )ut is d " nd nt #n t! surr#unding natur #& t! a(( gati#ns -!i'! ma* -arrant t!at a v ri&i'ati#n ) )as d it! r "ur (* #n " rs#na( .n#-( dg , #r ntir (* #n aut! nti' r '#rds, #r #n )#t! s#ur' s, AAut! nti' r '#rdsB as a )asis &#r v ri&i'ati#n ) ar signi&i'an' in " titi#ns -! r t! gr at r "#rti#ns #& t! a(( gati#ns ar )as d #n t! r '#rds #& t! "r#' dings in t! '#urt #& #rigin, and n#t s#( (* #n t! " rs#na( .n#-( dg #& t! " titi#n r, $ %# sustain " titi#n r0s :"(anati#n t!at t! )asis #& v ri&i'ati#n is a matt r #& sim"( "r & r n' -#u(d trivia(i8 t! rati#na( and diminis! t! r s#(ut n ss #& t! ru( , It -#u(d "(a* #n "r di( 'ti#n and "a* n# ! d in "r#viding n#ug! assuran' #& t! '#rr 'tn ss #& t! a(( gati#ns, 2, N1 Ratio Pr#' dura( ru( s ar t##(s d sign d t# &a'i(itat t! ad/udi'ati#n #& 'as s, C#urts and (itigants a(i. ar t!us n/#in d t# a)id stri't(* )* t! ru( s, And -!i( t! C#urt, in s#m instan' s, a((#-s a r (a:ati#n in t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! ru( s, t!is, - str ss, -as n v r int nd d t# &#rg a )asti#n &#r rring (itigants t# vi#(at t! ru( s -it! im"unit*, %! (i) ra(it* in t! int r"r tati#n and a""(i'ati#n #& t! ru( s a""(i s #n(* in "r#" r 'as s and und r /usti&ia)( 'aus s and 'ir'umstan' s, 5!i( it is tru t!at (itigati#n is n#t a gam #& t '!ni'a(iti s, it is 3ua((* tru t!at v r* 'as must ) "r#s 'ut d in a''#rdan' -it! t! "r s'ri) d "r#' dur t# insur an #rd r(* and s" d* administrati#n #& /usti' , Reasoning $ %! mat ria(it* #& t!#s d#'um nts is v r* a""ar nt sin' t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as , &r#m -!i'! Par. is a"" a(ing, -as (i. -is dismiss d )* t! tria( '#urt #n a''#unt #& t! sam ; murr r, %! Ru( s r 3uir t!at t! " titi#n must A) a''#m"ani d )* '( ar(* ( gi)( du"(i'at #rigina( #r tru '#"i s #& t! /udgm nts #r &ina( #rd rs #& )#t! (#- r '#urts, ' rti&i d '#rr 't )* t! '( r. #& '#urt DS ' 2<d= Ru( 42E, $ %! #n(* du"(i'at #rigina( #r ' rti&i d tru '#"i s atta'! d as ann : s t# t! " titi#n ar t! R%C 1rd r granting r s"#nd nt0s >FR and t! R%C 1rd r d n*ing " titi#n r0s >FR, %! '#"* #& t! S "t m) r 11, 2003 R%C ; 'isi#n, -!i'! " titi#n r "ra* d t# ) r instat d, is n#t a ' rti&i d tru '#"* and is n#t v n ( gi)( , P titi#n r (at r r '#m" ns d t!#ug! )* a"" nding t# !is >FR a du"(i'at #rigina( '#"*, $ 5!i( " titi#n r av rr d ) &#r t! CA in !is >FR t!at t! F )ruar* 29, 2003 > %C 1rd r -as a(r ad* atta'! d t# !is " titi#n as Ann : AG,B Ann : AGB )ar s a r "(i'at '#"* #& a di&& r nt #rd r, It -as t# t!is C#urt

HUN HYUNG PARI v EUNG "ON CHOI CARPI1$>1RA?7S; F )ruar* 12, 2009

Criminal Procedure
t!at " titi#n r ) (at d(* su)mitt d an un' rti&i d tru '#"* #& t! said > %C 1rd r as an ann : t# !is R "(* t# r s"#nd nt0s C#mm nt, %! '#"* #& t! #t! r > %C 1rd r, dat d >a* 5, 2003, -!i'! " titi#n r atta'! d t# !is " titi#n ) &#r t! CA is simi(ar(* un' rti&i d as tru , Sin' )#t! 1rd rs - r adv rs t# !im v n -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as , " titi#n r -as mandat d t# su)mit t! m in t! r 3uir d &#rm, 3, 67S Reasoning $ %! > %C a'3uitt d r s"#nd nt, As a ru( , a /udgm nt #& a'3uitta( is imm diat (* &ina( and : 'ut#r* and t! "r#s 'uti#n 'ann#t a"" a( t! a'3uitta( ) 'aus #& t! '#nstituti#na( "r#!i)iti#n against d#u)( / #"ard*, 7it! r t! #&& nd d "art* #r t! a''us d ma*, !#- v r a"" a( t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! /udgm nt d s"it t! a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d, %! "u)(i' "r#s 'ut#r !as g n ra((* n# int r st in a"" a(ing t! 'ivi( as" 't #& a d 'isi#n a'3uitting t! a''us d, %! a'3uitta( nds !is -#r., %! 'as is t rminat d as &ar as ! is '#n' rn d, %! r a( "arti s in int r st in t! 'ivi( as" 't #& a d 'isi#n ar t! #&& nd d "art* and t! a''us d, 4, 67S Reasoning $ In 'as #& a d murr r t# vid n' &i( d -it! ( av #& '#urt, t! a''us d ma* addu' '#unt rvai(ing vid n' i& t! '#urt d ni s t! d murr r, Su'! d nia( ) ars n# distin'ti#n as t# t! t-# as" 'ts #& t! 'as ) 'aus t! r is a dis"arit* #& vid ntiar* va(u ) t- n t! 3uanta #& vid n' in su'! as" 'ts #& t! 'as , In #t! r -#rds, a '#urt ma* n#t d n* t! d murr r as t# t! 'rimina( as" 't and at t! sam tim grant t! d murr r as t# t! 'ivi( as" 't, &#r i& t! vid n' s# &ar "r s nt d is n#t insu&&i'i nt t# "r#v t! 'rim ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, t! n t! sam vid n' is (i. -is n#t insu&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* )* m r "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' , $ 1n t! #t! r !and, i& t! vid n' s# &ar "r s nt d is insu&&i'i nt as "r##& ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, it d# s n#t &#((#- t!at t! sam vid n' is insu&&i'i nt t# sta)(is! a "r "#nd ran' #& vid n' , F#r i& t! '#urt grants t! d murr r, "r#' dings #n t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as g n ra((* "r#' d, %! #n(* r '#gni8 d instan' -! n an a'3uitta( #n d murr r 'arri s -it! it t! dismissa( #& t! 'ivi( as" 't is -! n t! r is a &inding t!at t! a't #r #missi#n &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* ma* aris did n#t :ist, A)s nt su'! d t rminati#n, tria( as t# t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as must " r&#r' '#ntinu , $ In t! instant 'as , t! > %C grant d t! d murr r and dismiss d t! 'as -it!#ut an* &inding t!at t! a't #r #missi#n &r#m -!i'! t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* ma* aris did n#t :ist, C!#i did n#t assai( t! R%C #rd r #& r mand, 4 t! r )* r '#gni8 d t!at t! r is )asis &#r a r mand, $ Par. "#sits t!at C!#i -aiv d !is rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' #n t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as <1= -! n t! grant #& t! d murr r -as r v rs d #n a"" a(, 'iting S 'ti#n 1 #& Ru( 33, and <2= -! n r s"#nd nt #ra((* #""#s d " titi#n r0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n "( ading t!at "r#' dings -it! r s" 't t# t! 'ivi( as" 't #& t! 'as '#ntinu , $ P titi#n r0s 'itati#n #& S 'ti#n 1 #& Ru( 33 is in'#rr 't, 5! r a '#urt !as /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! su)/ 't matt r and #v r t! " rs#n #& t! a''us d, and t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d -it!in its t rrit#ria( /urisdi'ti#n, t! '#urt n ' ssari(* : r'is s /urisdi'ti#n #v r a(( issu s t!at t! (a- r 3uir s it t# r s#(v , 1n #& t! issu s in a 'rimina( 'as ) ing t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* #& t! a''us d arising &r#m t! 'rim , t! g#v rning (a- is t! Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur , n#t t! Ru( s #& Civi( Pr#' dur -!i'! " rtains t# a 'ivi( a'ti#n arising &r#m t! initiat#r* "( ading t!at giv s ris t# t! suit,

a2010 page 105

$ As &#r " titi#n r0s attri)uti#n #& -aiv r t# r s"#nd nt, it 'ann#t ) d t rmin d -it! ' rtaint* &r#m t! r '#rds t! natur #& C!#i0s a(( g d #ra( #)/ 'ti#ns t# Par.0s m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n #& t! grant #& t! d murr r t# vid n' , An* -aiv r #& t! rig!t t# "r s nt vid n' must ) "#sitiv (* d m#nstrat d, An* am)iguit* in t! v#(untarin ss #& t! -aiv r is &r#-n d u"#n; ! n' , '#urts must indu(g v r* r as#na)( "r sum"ti#n against it, Dispositive P titi#n is ;7NI7;,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

t! vid n' and t! '#ns 3u nt d t rminati#n as t# -! t! r t! 3uantum t! r #& "ass s t! t st #& m#ra( ' rtaint* #& gui(t, %! r is n# d#u)t t!at it -as t! a''us d -!# .i(( d % r sita Guma"a*, t! vid n' t! r #n ) ing 'a"" d )* !is #-n -ritt n '#n& ssi#n #& t! sam ) &#r t! inv stigating #&&i' rs, %! aut! nti'it* #& and t! &a't t!at ! and t! -itn ss s t! r t# .n#-ing(* a&&i: d t! ir signatur s #n said :tra/udi'ia( '#n& ssi#n - r n v r 3u sti#n d, Buttr ssing t! &#r g#ing vid n' is t! "#sitiv id nti&i'ati#n #& t! a''us d at t! situs and during t! #''urr n' #& t! 'rim , 5 agr -it! t! - (($r as#n d #"ini#n #& t! tria( '#urt t!at t! a''us d is n#t ntit( d t# t! : m"ting 'ir'umstan' #& insanit*, Against t! && t &&#rts in t! a''us dQs a&t rt!#ug!t t# 'r at an insanit* d & ns is t! -!#( - ig!t #& t! "r sum"ti#n #& sanit* "r#vid d )* (a-, am"(* su""#rt d )* '#nvin'ing 'ir'umstan' s (auda)(* "#int d #ut )* t! tria( '#urt, DISPOSITION 547R7F1R7, -it! t! m#di&i'ati#ns t!at t! d at! s nt n' im"#s d )* t! tria( '#urt is r du' d t# reclusion perpetua "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 12<(=, Arti'( III #& t! C#nstituti#n, and t! ind mni&i'ati#n &#r t! d at! #& % r sita Guma"a* is ! r )* in'r as d &r#m P12,000,00 t# P30,000,00, '#ns#nant -it! "r s nt /uris"rud n' ,

PEOPLE v CRUZ 199 SCRA 451 R7GA?A;1; S7P%7>B7R 13, 1282

FACTS %! in&#rmati#n &#r ra" -it! !#mi'id <)as d #n -itn ss t stim#ni s, "#stm#rt m r "#rt, "#(i' int rr#gati#n, and admissi#n )* t! a''us d= -as &i( d against ;ani(# G#( Cru8 -it! t! t! n CFI, A''us d "( ad d n#t gui(t* in t! arraignm nt and tria( #n t! m rits &#((#- d -! r in s v ra( -itn ss s - r "r s nt d, %! sus" nsi#n #& t! dir 't :aminati#n #& t! a''us d -as at !is instan' and as m#v d )* !is '#uns (, K"#n m di'a( :aminati#n, a''us d -as &#und t# ) su&& ring &r#m s'!i8#"!r nia, and -as admitt d t# a m nta( !#s"ita(, 4 !#- v r tri d t# s'a" , ?at r, ;r, >aa)a r '#mm nd d #n >ar'! 22, 1282 t! dis'!arg #& t! a''us d &r#m t! m nta( !#s"ita( and &#r !is r turn t# t! "r#vin'ia( /ai( #& Bu(a'an, ! !aving ) n &#und &it t# stand tria(, %!is unr )utt d &a't n#t-it!standing, t! a''us d r &us d t# ta. t! -itn ss stand -it!#ut an* "(ausi)( /usti&i'ati#n, In additi#n, it -as t! d & ns its (& -!i'! m#v d t# t rminat t! t stim#n* #& t! a''us d, -!i'! &a't ) 'am t! )asis &#r su'! t stim#n* ) ing stri'. n &r#m t! r '#rds &#r (a'. #& 'r#ss$ :aminati#n, I0 &,.', ?(%0 '(% &$*/%* )*%-+2+09 8u29% '(%*%,&'%* $*2%*%2 '(% *%$)%0+09 $& '(% .,-% sua sponte, +' ?,- '(% 2%&%0-% '(,' $@8%.'%2 '$ '(% -,/% ,02 +0-+-'%2 '(,' '(% .,-% @% 2%%/%2 -u@/+''%2 &$* 2%.+-+$0# ; & ns t! n m#ti#n d &#r a r #" ning #& t! 'as -!i'! -as d ni d &#r (a'. #& m rit, %ria( C#urt &#und t! a''us d gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim #& ra" -it! !#mi'id and &#und !is d & ns #& insanit* as an : m"ting 'ir'umstan' unavai(ing, ISSUE 51N a''us d -as d ni d #& !is '#nstituti#na( rig!t t# ) ! ard and t# d & nd !ims (&, <N1,= HELD R5TIO; %! m r &i(ing #& a m#ti#n t# r #" n a 'as must n#t in an* -a* aut#mati'a((* va'at an agr m nt and #rd r su)mitting t! 'as &#r d 'isi#n, 5!i( t! '#urt ma* r #" n a 'as &#r r ' "ti#n #& &urt! r vid n' a&t r t! "arti s !av '(#s d t! ir vid n' , su'! a'ti#n is addr ss d t# t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! '#urt, t# ) : r'is d #n(* #n va(id and /usti&ia)( r as#ns <-!i'! ar a)s nt in t!is 'as =, R45SONINA; %! &ai(ur #& t! a''us d t# '#m"( t !is t stim#n* -as #& !is #-n ma.ing, #n t! initiati#n, '#n&irmati#n and r it rati#n #& !is #-n '#uns (, @ ri(*, t! "r s nt stan' #& t! a''us d is a )(atant disr gard #& s#( mn agr m nts su)mitt d t# and a""r#v d )* a '#urt #& /usti' and -#u(d ma. a m#'. r* #& t! /udi'ia( "r#' ss, C#ming n#- t# t! '#n'(usi#n #& t! tria( '#urt t!at t! a''us d ra" d and, #n t! #''asi#n t! r #&, .i(( d % r sita Guma"a*, t! C#urt !as "ainsta.ing(* s'rutini8 d t! r '#rd, -it! t! '#n'#mitant 'a(i)rati#n #&

PEOPLE v CONCEPCION 84 P4I? 989 PARAS; 1't#) r 25, 1242

NATURE A"" a( &r#m a /udgm nt #& t! P #"( 0s C#urt &inding t! a"" ((ant, C#n' "'i#n, gui(t* #& tr as#n, and s nt n'ing !im t# (i& im"ris#nm nt and t# "a* a &in #& P10,000, FACTS <t! 'as is r a((* s!#rt, t! r ar n0t man* &a'ts #r an*t!ing= $ A"" ((ant -as &#und gui(t #& tr as#n #n 3 '#untsC $ A""r ! nsi#n #n ; ' m) r 9, 1244 #& Basi(i# S v rin#, $ A""r ! nsi#n #n ; ' m) r 3, 1244, #& C( m nt C!i'a $ A""r ! nsi#n #n +anuar* 2 #& Gavin# >#ras $ t! t!r individua(s - r a""r ! nd d )* t! a"" ((ant #r at !is instigati#n, du t# t! ir gu rri((a '#nn 'ti#ns, a(( in C )u Cit*, and t! a"" ((ant -as a''#m"ani d )* +a"an s during a(( 3 a""r ! nsi#ns ISSUE 51N t! (#- r '#urt '#mmitt d an rr#r )* a((#-ing t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt vid n' #& a"" ((ant0s Fi(i"in# 'iti8 ns!i" a&t r t! "r#s 'uti#n !ad r st d its 'as and t! d & ns !ad m#v d &#r dismissa( HELD N1 Reasoning % %! matt r #& r #" ning a 'as &#r t! r ' "ti#n #& &urt! r vid n' a&t r it! r t! "r#s 'uti#n #r t! d & ns !as r st d is -it!in t! dis'r ti#n #& t! tria( '#urt, Dispositive %! a"" a( d /udgm nt, ) ing in '#n&#rmit* -it! t! &a'ts and t! (a-, is a&&irm d,

Criminal Procedure
CABARLES v MACEDA OKISK>BING; F )ruar* 20, 2009
NATURE P titi#n r s .s t# annu( t! 1rd r issu d )* r s"#nd nt +udg B#ni&a'i# San8 >a' da in Crimina( Cas N#, 22$0898, ntit( d P #"( #& t! P!i(i""in s v, R n RN#n#*R Ca)ar( s * Adi8as, &#r /u*2%*, &i( d -it! t! R gi#na( %ria( C#urt #& ?as Pi_as Cit*, Bran'! 295, FACTS $ 1n +un 18, 1222, Ca)ar( s -as '!arg d -it! murd r und r t! &#((#-ing in&#rmati#nC %! und rsign d Pr#s 'ut#r II a''us s R7N7 RN1N16R CABAR?7S 6 A;ILAS #& t! 'rim #& >urd r, '#mmitt d as &#((#-sC %!at #n #r a)#ut t! 25t! da* #& A"ri(, 1222, in t! Cit* #& ?as Pi_as, P!i(i""in s and -it!in t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt, t! a)#v $ nam d a''us d, -it!#ut /usti&ia)( m#tiv -it! int nt t# .i(( and )* m ans #& tr a'! r* and vid nt "r m ditati#n, did t! n and t! r -i((&u((*, un(a-&u((* and & (#ni#us(* ,'',.J, ,--,ul', ,02 -',@ ?+'( , 2%,2ly ?%,)$0 :&,0 J0+&%< $0% A0'$0+$ C,ll$-, , -!i'! dir 't(* 'aus d !is d at!, $ Ca)ar( s "( ad d n#t gui(t*, %! tria( '#urt s'! du( d t! 'as &#r ! aring #n t! &#((#-ing dat s, t# -itC "r $tria( #n N#v m) r 22, 2000; "r s ntati#n #& "r#s 'uti#n0s vid n' #n A"ri( 18, >a* 4, 11, 18, and 23, 2001; and "r s ntati#n #& d & ns vid n' #n +un 20 and 29, +u(* 4 and 18, and August 1, 2001, $%! "r#s 'uti#n !ad su)"# nas issu d t# its -itn ss sC F(#' r&ina Ca((#sa, t! m#t! r #& t! d ' as d; Im (da P dr#sa, t! a(( g d * -itn ss; Car(#s Ca((#sa, )r#t! r #& t! d ' as d; and ;r, R#m # %, Sa( n, P#(i' S ni#r Ins" 't#r #& t! S#ut! rn P#(i' ;istri't <SP;= Crim ?a)#rat#r* t# t sti&* #n t! '#nt nts #& t! d at! ' rti&i'at #& Ant#ni# Ca((#sa, $ %!r#ug! n# &au(t #& its #-n, t! "r#s 'uti#n -as una)( t# "r s nt its vid n' #n t! &irst &#ur ! aring dat s, $ A da* ) &#r t! s'! du( d "r#mu(gati#n #& /udgm nt #n A"ri( 2, 2003, +udg >a' da m#tu "r#"ri# issu d t! 3u sti#n d #rd r r #" ning t! 'as , In it, ! #)s rv d t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n ma* n#t !av ) n giv n its da* in '#urt r su(ting in a mis'arriag #& /usti' , 4 :"(ain d t!at ) 'aus t! r -as a mi:$u" in t! dat s s" 'i&i d in t! su)"# na and t! ! aring dat s #& -! n t! 'as -as a'tua((* ! ard, t! "r#s 'uti#n -as una)( t# "r s nt its vid n' #n t! &irst &#ur #& t! &iv ! aring dat sC A"ri( 18, >a* 4, 11 and 18, 2001 assign d t# it, +udg >a' da &#und t!at t! r -as n# ! aring '#ndu't d #n A"ri( 18, 2001, %! r a&t r, t! su)"# na issu d t# P dr#sa r 3uir d ! r t# a"" ar #n A"ri( 11, 2001, -!i'! -as n#t a dat assign d &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n )ut >a* 11, 2001, A(s#, +udg >a' da n#t d t!at an#t! r su)"# na -as issu d t# P dr#sa and ;r, Sa( n r 3uiring t! m t# a"" ar #n >a* 11 and +un 20, 2001, But, t! >a* 11, 2001 ! aring -as r s t t# >a* 25, 2001 ) 'aus t! /udg -as indis"#s d, and ins#&ar as t! +un 20, 2001 s tting -as '#n' rn d, it -as n#t #n #& t! da*s s t )* t! '#urt &#r t! "r#s 'uti#n, +udg >a' da &urt! r #)s rv d t!at t! >a* 18, 2001 ! aring -as n v r s'! du( d and >a* 25, 2001 -as (i. -is n#t a ! aring dat s t )* t! '#urt, A''#rding t# +udg >a' da, sin' t! "r#s 'uti#n -as n#t a)( t# "r s nt its vid n' #n t! &irst &#ur ! aring dat s and t! r -as it! r

a2010 page 106

n# r turn #n t! su)"# nas su)s 3u nt(* issu d #r t! r -as n# su)"# na issu d at a(( t# P dr#sa and ;r, Sa( n, t! "r#s 'uti#n s!#u(d !av ) n giv n a (ast '!an' t# "r s nt t! a(( g d * -itn ss and t! d#'t#r, $ +udg >a' da d ni d Ca)ar( s0s >FR and s t t! 'as &#r ! aring #n >a* 8, 2003 t# ! ar t! t stim#ni s #& P dr#sa and ;r, Sa( n, %! su)"# na issu d t# P dr#sa &#r t!at ! aring -as du(* s rv d, )ut s rvi' u"#n ;r, Sa( n &ai( d sin' t! d#'t#r -as n# (#ng r assign d t# t! SP; Crim ?a)#rat#r*, N#t-it!standing t! s rvi' u"#n P dr#sa, t! "r#s 'uti#n sti(( &ai( d t# "r s nt a -itn ss during t! >a* 8, 2003 ! aring, N#n t! ( ss, +udg >a' da, u"#n m#ti#n, again d 'id d t# :t nd t# t! "r#s 'uti#n an#t! r '!an' , giving t! P #"( +un 12 and +u(* 3, 2003 as additi#na( ! aring dat s, Fina((*, #n +un 12, 2003, P dr#sa t##. t! -itn ss stand and '#m"( t d ! r dir 't :aminati#n, A & - da*s t! r a&t r, Ca)ar( s &i( d t! "r s nt " titi#n 3u sti#ning +udg >a' da0s #rd r, a(( ging t!at it -as issu d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, Sin' tria( in t! (#- r '#urt '#ntinu d, #n +u(* 3, 2003, t! Pu)(i' Att#rn *0s 1&&i' '#ndu't d its 'r#ss$ :aminati#n #& P dr#sa, Ca)ar( s -as t! n giv n a '!an' t# addu' &urt! r vid n' #n !is ) !a(&,7avvphi7.net 1n August 2, 2004, +udg >a' da d & rr d t! "r#mu(gati#n #& /udgm nt and #rd r d t! 'as ar'!iv d " nding t!is C#urt0s r s#(uti#n #& t! 'as , ISSUES 1, 51N r s"#nd nt /udg a't d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n in issuing t! assai( d #rd r 2, 51N " titi#n r0s rig!t t# du "r#' ss and s" d* dis"#siti#n #& !is 'as -as vi#(at d HELD 1, 67S Ratio S 'ti#n 24, Ru( 112 and :isting /uris"rud n' str ss t! &#((#-ing r 3uir m nts &#r r #" ning a 'as C <1= t! r #" ning must ) ) &#r t! &ina(it* #& a /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n; <2= t! #rd r is issu d )* t! /udg #n !is #-n initiativ #r u"#n m#ti#n; <3= t! #rd r is issu d #n(* a&t r a ! aring is '#ndu't d; <4= t! #rd r int nds t# "r v nt a mis'arriag #& /usti' ; and <5= t! "r s ntati#n #& additi#na( andM#r &urt! r vid n' s!#u(d ) t rminat d -it!in t!irt* da*s &r#m t! issuan' #& t! #rd r, Reasoning % G n ra((*, a&t r t! "arti s !av "r#du' d t! ir r s" 'tiv dir 't "r##&s, t! * ar a((#- d t# #&& r r )utting vid n' #n(*, 4#- v r, t! '#urt, &#r g##d r as#ns, in t! &urt! ran' #& /usti' , ma* a((#- n - vid n' u"#n t! ir #rigina( 'as , and its ru(ing -i(( n#t ) distur) d in t! a"" ((at '#urt -! r n# a)us #& dis'r ti#n a"" ars, A m#ti#n t# r #" n ma* t!us "r#" r(* ) "r s nt d #n(* a&t r it! r #r )#t! "arti s !ad &#rma((* #&& r d and '(#s d t! ir vid n' , )ut ) &#r /udgm nt is r nd r d, and v n a&t r "r#mu(gati#n )ut ) &#r &ina(it* #& /udgm nt and t! #n(* '#ntr#((ing guid (in g#v rning a m#ti#n t# r #" n is t! "aram#unt int r st #& /usti' , %!is r m d* #& r #" ning a 'as -as m ant t# "r v nt a mis'arriag #& /usti' , $ 4#- v r, -!i( +udg >a' da is a((#- d t# r #" n t! 'as ) &#r /udgm nt is r nd r d, S 'ti#n 24 r 3uir s t!at , (%,*+09 /u-' &+*-' @% .$02u.'%2, +udg >a' da issu d t! A"ri( 1, 2003 1rd r -it!#ut n#ti' and ! aring and -it!#ut giving t! "r#s 'uti#n and a''us d an

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

#""#rtunit* t# mani& st t! ir "#siti#n #n t! matt r, %!is &ai(ur , t# #ur mind, '#nstitut s grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n and g# s against t! du "r#' ss '(aus #& t! C#nstituti#n -!i'! r 3uir s n#ti' and #""#rtunit* t# ) ! ard, %! issuan' #& t! said #rd r, -it!#ut t! ) n &it #& a ! aring, is '#ntrar* t# t! :"r ss (anguag #& S 'ti#n 24, Ru( 112, 2, 67S Ratio %! '#n' "t #& s" d* dis"#siti#n is r (ativ #r &( :i)( , A m r mat! mati'a( r '.#ning #& t! tim inv#(v d is n#t su&&i'i nt, Parti'u(ar r gard must ) ta. n #& t! &a'ts and 'ir'umstan' s " 'u(iar t# a'! 'as , Reasoning - %! rig!t t# a s" d* dis"#siti#n #& a 'as , (i. t! rig!t t# s" d* tria(, is d m d vi#(at d -! n t! "r#' ding is att nd d )* v :ati#us, 'a"ri'i#us, and #""r ssiv d (a*s; #r -! n un/usti&i d "#st"#n m nts #& t! tria( ar as. d &#r and s 'ur d; #r -! n -it!#ut 'aus #r /usti&ia)( m#tiv , a (#ng " ri#d #& tim is a((#- d t# (a"s -it!#ut t! "art* !aving !is 'as tri d, $ Ca)ar( s inv#. s t! /urisdi'ti#n #& t!is C#urt in t! int r st #& s" d* /usti' sin' t! in&#rmati#n against !im -as &i( d -a* )a'. in +un 1222, and a(m#st ig!t * ars t! r a&t r, n# /udgm nt !as * t ) n r nd r d, An* &urt! r d (a* in t! r s#(uti#n #& t! instant " titi#n -i(( ) "r /udi'ia( t# Ca)ar( s, A(s#, t! C#urt !as &u(( dis'r ti#nar* "#- r t# ta. '#gni8an' #& t! " titi#n &i( d dir 't(* t# it &#r '#m" ((ing r as#ns #r i& -arrant d )* t! natur #& t! issu s rais d, Sin' S 'ti#n 24 is a n "r#visi#n, and '#nsid ring t! irr gu(ariti s in t! issuan' #& t! A"ri( 1, 2003 1rd r, it is n ' ssar* t# r s#(v t! issu s rais d in t!is " titi#n, $ In &in , - ar n#t unmind&u( #& t! gravit* #& t! 'rim '!arg d; )ut /usti' must ) dis" ns d -it! an v n !and, R gard( ss #& !#- mu'! - -ant t# "unis! t! " r" trat#rs #& t!is g!ast(* 'rim and giv /usti' t# t! vi'tim and ! r &ami(*, t! "r#t 'ti#n "r#vid d )* t! Bi(( #& Rig!ts is ) st#- d u"#n a(( individua(s, -it!#ut :' "ti#n, r gard( ss #& ra' , '#(#r, 'r d, g nd r #r "#(iti'a( " rsuasi#n $ -! t! r "rivi( g d #r ( ss "rivi( g d $ t# ) inv#. d -it!#ut & ar #r &av#r, 4 n' , t! a''us d d s rv s n# ( ss t!an an a'3uitta(; rg#, ! is n#t 'a(( d u"#n t# dis"r#v -!at t! "r#s 'uti#n !as n#t "r#v d, Dispositive instant " titi#n is GRAN%7;, 5 !#(d t!at t! assai( d 1rd r dat d A"ri( 1, 2003 -as issu d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, Said 1rd r is ! r )* ANNK??7; and S7% ASI;7, A''#rding(*, an* vid n' r ' iv d and #&& r d in t!is 'as as a r su(t #& t! A"ri( 1, 2003 1rd r is ! r )* stri'. n #&& t! r '#rd, ? t t! r '#rds #& t!is 'as ) R7>AN;7; imm diat (* t# t! tria( '#urt '#n' rn d &#r its a""r#"riat a'ti#n -it!#ut &urt! r d (a*,

COMBATE v SAN JOSE 135 SCRA 623 >7?7NCI1$47RR7RA; A"ri( 15, 1285
NATURE P titi#n &#r C rti#rari FACTS $ " titi#n r -as '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& %! &t #& #n <1= R##st r DFig!ting C#'.E '#(#r r d, ) (#nging t# R#m # P#sada -#rt! P200,00,

Criminal Procedure
$ F#((#-ing t! "r#' dur (aid d#-n in t! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur in S" 'ia( Cas s, r s"#nd nt +udg r 3uir d " titi#n r and !is -itn ss s t# su)mit '#unt r$a&&idavits t# t! su""#rting a&&idavits #& t! '#m"(ainant $ 1n +un 5, 1284, " titi#n r -as su)"# na d t# a"" ar ) &#r r s"#nd nt +udg and -as arraign d -it!#ut t! assistan' #& '#uns (, 4 "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ Su)s 3u nt(*, in an 1rd r dat d +u(* 5, 1284, r s"#nd nt +udg d m d t! 'as su)mitt d &#r r s#(uti#n "ur"#rt d(* "ursuant t# t! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur , $ In a ; 'isi#n "r#mu(gat d #n +u(* 16, 1284, -it!#ut ) n &it #& tria(, " titi#n r -as s nt n' d t# su&& r si: <6= m#nt!sQ im"ris#nm nt and t# "a* t! '#m"(ainant t! am#unt #& P200,00, "(us '#sts

a2010 page 10
PEOPLE v RODRIGO %INGA; +anuar* 23, 2009
NATURE Aut#mati' r vi FACTS $ 1n 10 S "t m) r 1226, 1(iv r Ca"aras, t! n 13 * ars #& ag , -as -aiting &#r a rid t# s'!##( in a '#rn r n ar !is !#us in >atim)#, >a(#(#s, Bu(a'an, -! n &#ur <4= m n &#r'i)(* s i8 d and )#ard d !im int# a 'ar, 5!i( insid t! 'ar, ! -as )(ind&#(d d, 4 -as (at r trans& rr d t# a van, %! van, tai( d )* a 'ar, trav ( d t# Bagui#, 5!i( t! r , t! * s( "t #v rnig!t insid t! van in a "ar.ing (#t, $ %! &#((#-ing da*, 7( a8ar Ca"aras, t! &at! r #& 1(iv r, r ' iv d a 'a(( &r#m t! .idna"" rs initia((* as.ing &#r P10 mi((i#n rans#m $ %! .idna"" rs "r#' d d t# B#nita0s R s#rt in Pangasinan, 1(iv r -as t! n )r#ug!t t# a r##m and !is )(ind&#(d r m#v d, 4 sta* d insid t! r##m &#r #n - ., ;uring !is sta*, a -#man, (at r id nti&i d as ?ani d (a Cru8, t##. 'ar #& !im )* & ding !im t!r tim s a da*, $ A&t r t!r da*s #& n g#tiati#n, t! .idna"" rs agr d t# (#- r t! rans#m t# P1,9 mi((i#n, 1n 19 S "t m) r 1226, P dr# Navarr#, an un'( #& 1(iv r, -as instru't d )* 7( a8ar Ca"aras t# d (iv r t! rans#m m#n *, A&t r r ' iving a 'a(( &r#m t! .idna"" rs, ! "r#' d d t# &#((#- t! instru'ti#ns #n t! dr#"$#&&, $ ?at r t!at nig!t, 1(iv r -as mad t# )#ard t! sam van and )r#ug!t t# t! P tr#n Gas Stati#n in > *'aua*an 4ig!-a*, K"#n a(ig!ting &r#m t! van, ! -as giv n P500,00 and -as t#(d t!at ! -#u(d ) & t'! d )* !is un'( insid a 'ant n in t! gas stati#n, At ar#und 1C00 a,m, #& 18 S "t m) r 1229, t! .idna"" rs 'a(( d 7( a8ar again and as. d t! m t# g# t# t! P tr#n Gas Stati#n (#'at d ) t- n > *'aua*an and >ari(a# a(#ng t! 7:"r ss-a*, K"#n arriving at t! P tr#n Stati#n at 3C00 a,m, P dr# Navarr# sa- 1(iv r ating insid t! 'ant n and )r#ug!t !im !#m -! r ! -as r unit d -it! !is &at! r, $ A&t r t! .idna""ing in'id nt, an inv stigati#n -as '#ndu't d )* t! Int ((ig n' S 'ti#n #& t! P!i(i""in Nati#na( P#(i' , It a"" ars t!at #n #& t! sus" 'ts -as a m m) r #& an NPA r ) ( r turn gr#u" ! ad d )* Armand# R#drig#, +r, K"#n t! .i((ing #& B rt ?i-anag, !is gir(&ri nd, d (a Cru8, -!# -as a sus" 't d m m) r #& t! gr#u", -as invit d &#r 3u sti#ning, 1n t!at #''asi#n, s! admitt d ! r "arti'i"ati#n in t! .idna""ing #& 1(iv r Ca"aras and im"(i'at d a"" ((ants, $ An In&#rmati#n -as &i( d #n 11 >ar'! 1229 against a"" ((ants P(ata, Fa/ard# and R#drig#, t#g t! r -it! d (a Cru8, Armand# R#drig#, 4 ( n +#v n, B#*#ng Catindig, +un Paru)r#), and a +#!n ;# , $ F#ur #& t! a''us d - r a""r ! nd d, nam (*C P(ata, R#drig#, Fa/ard# and d (a Cru8, %! r st r main d at (arg , %! tria( '#urt, u"#n m#ti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, dis'!arg d ; (a Cru8 t# s rv as stat -itn ss, $ 1n arraignm nt, a"" ((ants "( ad d n#t gui(t*, $ 1n 31 >a* 2000, t! R%C r nd r d its d 'isi#n &inding a(( a"" ((ants gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t, $ A"" ((ants ( vat d t! 'as t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, $ %! a"" ((at '#urt a&&irm d t! tria( '#urt0s d 'isi#n :' "t t!at it a'3uitt d R#drig#, $ A"" ((ants P(ata and Fa/ard# su)mitt d t! ir individua( a"" a( )ri &s, ISSUE

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

51N ; (a Cru8 -as (igi)( t# ) a stat -itn ss HELD $ S 'ti#n 19, Ru( 112 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt "r#vid sC 5! n t-# #r m#r " rs#ns ar /#int(* '!arg d -it! t! '#mmissi#n #& an* #&& ns , u"#n m#ti#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n ) &#r r sting its 'as , t! '#urt ma* dir 't #n #r m#r #& t! a''us d t# ) dis'!arg d -it! t! ir '#ns nt s# t!at t! * ma* ) -itn ss s &#r t! stat -! n, a&t r r 3uiring t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r s nt vid n' and t! s-#rn stat m nt #& a'! "r#"#s d stat -itn ss at a ! aring in su""#rt #& t! dis'!arg , t! '#urt is satis&i d t!atC <a= %! r is a)s#(ut n ' ssit* &#r t! t stim#n* #& t! a''us d -!#s dis'!arg is r 3u st d; <)= %! r is n# #t! r dir 't vid n' avai(a)( &#r t! "r#" r "r#s 'uti#n #& t! #&& ns '#mmitt d, :' "t t! t stim#n* #& said a''us d; <'= %! t stim#n* #& said a''us d 'an ) su)stantia((* '#rr#)#rat d in its mat ria( "#ints; <d= Said a''us d d# s n#t a"" ar t# ) t! m#st gui(t*; and < = Said a''us d !as n#t at an* tim ) n '#nvi't d #& an* #&& ns inv#(ving m#ra( tur"itud , 7vid n' addu' d in su""#rt #& t! dis'!arg s!a(( aut#mati'a((* &#rm "art #& t! tria(, I& t! '#urt d ni s t! m#ti#n &#r dis'!arg #& t! a''us d as stat -itn ss, !is s-#rn stat m nt s!a(( ) inadmissi)( in vid n' , $ %! "#- r t# "r#s 'ut in'(ud s t! initia( dis'r ti#n t# d t rmin -!# s!#u(d ) uti(i8 d )* t! g#v rnm nt as a stat -itn ss, %! "r#s 'uti#n !as gat! r d t! vid n' against t! a''us d and is in a ) tt r "#siti#n t# d 'id t! t stim#nia( vid n' n d d )* t! Stat t# "r ss its "r#s 'uti#n t# a su'' ss&u( '#n'(usi#n, Knd r #ur Ru( s, !#- v r, it is t! '#urts t!at -i(( &ina((* d t rmin -! t! r t! r 3uir m nts !av ) n satis&i d t# /usti&* t! dis'!arg #& an a''us d t# ) '#m a -itn ss &#r t! g#v rnm nt, $ %! t stim#n* #& d (a Cru8 -as an a)s#(ut n ' ssit*, $ N it! r d# s d (a Cru8 a"" ar t# ) t! m#st gui(t* #& t! a''us d, %! tria( '#urt ! (d t!at d (a Cru8 -as n#t "riv* t# t! .idna" "(an and -as m r (* ta. n in (at r )* t! gr#u" ) 'aus t! * sus" 't d t!at s! a(r ad* .n - t## mu'!, $ ;id t! (#- r '#urts "r#" r(* '#nsid r t! t stim#n* #& d (a Cru8H It is a /uris"rud ntia( ru( t!at t! t stim#n* #& a s (&$'#n& ss d a''#m"(i' #r '#$'#ns"irat#r im"uting t! )(am t# #r im"(i'ating !is '#$a''us d 'ann#t, )* its (& and -it!#ut '#rr#)#rati#n, ) r gard d as "r##& -it! a m#ra( ' rtaint* t!at t! (att r '#mmitt d #r "arti'i"at d in t! '#mmissi#n #& t! 'rim , %! t stim#n* must ) su)stantia((* '#rr#)#rat d in its mat ria( "#ints )* unim" a'!a)( t stim#n* and str#ng 'ir'umstan' s and must ) t# su'! an :t nt t!at its trust-#rt!in ss ) '#m s mani& st, %! t stim#n* #& d (a Cru8 -as su)stantia((* '#rr#)#rat d )* n# ( ss t!an t! vi'tim !ims (&, 1(iv r, as - (( as P dr#, $ As n#t d )* t! tria( '#urt, t! r ma* !av ) n in'#nsist n'i s in t! narrati#n #& d (a Cru8, %! s , !#- v r, - r min#r d tai(s and sim"(* '#u(d ) attri)ut d t# t! &rai(t* #& !uman m m#r*, It 'ann#t ) :" 't d t!at ! r t stim#n* -#u(d ) ntir (* &(a-( ss, In'#nsist n'i s as t# min#r d tai(s and '#((at ra( matt rs d# n#t a&& 't t! 'r di)i(it* #& t! -itn ss s n#r t! v ra'it* #r - ig!t #& t! ir t stim#ni s, Su'! min#r in'#nsist n'i s ma* v n s rv t# str ngt! n t! ir 'r di)i(it* as t! * n gat an*

ISSUES 1, 51N t! a""(i'ati#n #& t! Ru( s #n Summar* "r#' dur -as va(id 2, 51N ! -as a&&#rd d du "r#' ss HELD N1 $ %! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur in S" 'ia( Cas s a""(i s #n(* t# 'rimina( 'as s -! r t! " na(t* "r s'ri) d )* (a- &#r t! #&& ns '!arg d d# s n#t :' d si: <6= m#nt!s im"ris#nm nt #r a &in #& #n t!#usand " s#s <P1,000,00= #r )#t! $ %! 'rim #& %! &t as '!arg d ! r in is " na(i8 d -it! arr st# ma*#r in its m dium " ri#d t# "risi#n '#rr ''i#na( in its minimum " ri#d, #r, &r#m t-# <2= m#nt!s and #n <1= da* t# t-# <2= * ars and &#ur <4= m#nt!s, 6 C( ar(*, t! Ru( #n Summar* Pr#' dur is ina""(i'a)( $ But v n assuming t!at t! 'as &a((s und r t! '#v rag #& said Ru( , t! sam d# s n#t dis" ns -it! tria( RS 'ti#n 11, 5! n 'as s t &#r arraignm nt and tria(,$ S!#u(d t! '#urt, u"#n a '#nsid rati#n #& t! '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n and t! a&&idavits su)mitt d )* )#t! "arti s, &ind n# 'aus #r gr#und t# !#(d t! d & ndant &#r tria(, it s!a(( #rd r t! dismissa( #& t! 'as ; #t! r-is , t! '#urt s!a(( s t t! 'as &#r arraignm nt and tria(, RS 'ti#n 14, Pr#' dur #& %ria(,$ K"#n a "( a #& n#t gui(t* ) ing nt r d, t! tria( s!a(( imm diat (* "r#' d, %! a&&idavits su)mitt d )* t! "arti s s!a(( '#nstitut t! dir 't t stim#ni s #& t! -itn ss s -!# : 'ut d t! sam , 5itn ss s -!# t sti&i d ma* ) su)/ 't d t# 'r#ss$ :aminati#n, S!#u(d t! a&&iant &ai( t# t sti&*, !is a&&idavit s!a(( n#t ) '#nsid r d as '#m" t nt vid n' &#r t! "art* "r s nting t! a&&idavit, )ut t! adv rs "art* ma* uti(i8 t! sam &#r an* admissi)( "ur"#s , RN# -itn ss s!a(( ) a((#- d t# t sti&* un( ss ! !ad "r vi#us(* su)mitt d an a&&idavit t# t! '#urt in a''#rdan' -it! S 'ti#ns 2 and 10 ! r #&,R $ sin' " titi#n r$a''us d !ad "( ad d n#t gui(t*, tria( s!#u(d !av "r#' d d imm diat (*, But n#t #n(* -as " titi#n r unr "r s nt d )* '#uns ( u"#n arraignm nt; ! -as n it! r a''#rd d t! ) n &it #& tria( Dispositive +udg Qs ; 'isi#n "r#mu(gat d #n +u(* 16, 1224, is ! r )* ANNK??7; &#r !aving ) n issu d -it! grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n, %! 'as is r mand d t# t! >uni'i"a( Cir'uit %ria( C#urt #& >agara#$ Canaman, Camarin s Sur, &#r "r#' dings stri't(* in a''#rdan' -it! (a-,

Criminal Procedure
sus"i'i#n t!at t! t stim#ni s !av ) n r ! ars d, >#r #v r, t! t stim#n* #& d (a Cru8 '#in'id s -it! t!at #& 1(iv r and P dr# r (ating t# t! "rin'i"a( #''urr n' and t! "#sitiv id nti&i'ati#n #& a"" ((ants, $ P(ata insists t!at d (a Cru8 !ar)#r d a grudg against !im ) 'aus ! -as a""ar nt(* a m m) r #& t! Armand# R#drig# gr#u", t! (#n sus" 't in t! murd r #& B rt ?i-anag, d (a Cru80s )#*&ri nd, P(ata0s &&#rt t# im"ut i(($m#tiv #n t! "art #& d (a Cru8 t# &a(s (* t sti&* against !im d# s n#t !#(d -at r, 7v n granting t!at ; (a Cru8 ma* !av an a: t# grind is #& n# m#m nt, P(ata -as "#sitiv (* id nti&i d )* 1(iv r, 4is stat m nt -as '#rr#)#rat d )* d (a Cru8, >#tiv ) '#m s ss ntia( #n(* -! n t! id ntit* #& t! 'u("rit is in d#u)t and n#t -! n ! is "#sitiv (* id nti&i d )* a 'r di)( -itn ss, Dispositive A&&irm d -it! m#di&i'ati#n

a2010 page 10!

< = ! d# s n#t a"" ar t# ) m#st gui(t*; and <&= ! !as n#t at an*tim ) n '#nvi't d #& an* 'rim inv#(ving m#ra( tur"itud , An a''us d dis'!arg d &r#m an in&#rmati#n #r 'rimina( '#m"(aint )* t! '#urt in #rd r t!at ! ma* ) a Stat 5itn ss "ursuant t# S 'ti#ns 2 and 10 #& Ru( 112 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt ma* u"#n !is " titi#n ) admitt d t# t! Pr#gram i& ! '#m"(i s -it! t! #t! r r 3uir m nts #& t!is A't, N#t!ing in t!is A't s!a(( "r v nt t! dis'!arg #& an a''us d s# t!at ! 'an ) us d as a 5itn ss und r Ru( 112 #& t! R vis d Ru( s #& C#urt, $ K"#n 3ua(i&i'ati#n #& A(&ar# t# t! "r#gram, S 'ti#n 12 #& t! said (amandat s ! r n#n$in'(usi#n in t! 'rimina( C#m"(aint #r In&#rmati#n, t!usC S ', 12, #ffect of Admission of a !tate /itness into the Program , %! ' rti&i'ati#n #& admissi#n int# t! Pr#gram )* t! ; "artm nt s!a(( ) giv n &u(( &ait! and 'r dit )* t! "r#vin'ia( #r 'it* "r#s 'ut#r -!# is r 3uir d @AT TA *@C>JD# T%# /*T@#!! *@ T%# CR*(*@A> CA(P>A*@T AR *@1AR(AT*A@ and i& in'(ud d t! r in, t# " titi#n t! '#urt &#r !is dis'!arg in #rd r t!at ! 'an ) uti(i8 d as a Stat 5itn ss, %! '#urt s!a(( #rd r t! dis'!arg and :'(usi#n #& t! said a''us d &r#m t! in&#rmati#n, $ Admissi#n int# t! Pr#gram s!a(( ntit( su'! Stat 5itn ss t# immunit* &r#m 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n &#r t! #&& ns #r #&& ns s in -!i'! !is t stim#n* -i(( ) giv n #r us d and a(( t! rig!ts and ) n &its "r#vid d und r S 'ti#n 8 ! r #& $ P titi#n rQs argum nt (a'.s a"" a( &#r it (i s #n t! &au(t* assum"ti#n t!at t! d 'isi#n -!#m t# "r#s 'ut is a /udi'ia( &un'ti#n, t! s#( "r r#gativ #& '#urts and ) *#nd : 'utiv and ( gis(ativ int r& r n' , In trut!, t! "r#s 'uti#n #& 'rim s a"" rtains t# t! : 'utiv d "artm nt #& g#v rnm nt -!#s "rin'i"a( "#- r and r s"#nsi)i(it* is t# s t!at #ur (a-s ar &ait!&u((* : 'ut d, A n ' ssar* '#m"#n nt #& t!is "#- r t# : 'ut #ur (a-s is t! rig!t t# "r#s 'ut t! ir vi#(at#rs, %! rig!t t# "r#s 'ut v sts t! "r#s 'ut#r -it! a -id rang #& dis'r ti#n, t! dis'r ti#n #& -! t! r, -!at and -!#m t# '!arg , t! : r'is #& -!i'! d " nds #n a sm#rgas)#rd #& &a't#rs -!i'! ar ) st a""r 'iat d )* "r#s 'ut#rs, 5 t!us !#(d t!at it is n#t '#nstituti#na((* im" rmissi)( &#r C#ngr ss t# na't R,A, N#, 6281 v sting in t! ; "artm nt #& +usti' t! "#- r t# d t rmin -!# 'an 3ua(i&* as a -itn ss in t! "r#gram and -!# s!a(( ) grant d immunit* &r#m "r#s 'uti#n, S 'ti#n 2 #& Ru( 112 d# s n#t su""#rt t! "r#"#siti#n t!at t! "#- r t# '!##s -!# s!a(( ) a stat -itn ss is an in! r nt /udi'ia( "r r#gativ , Knd r t!is "r#visi#n, t! '#urt, is giv n t! "#- r t# dis'!arg a stat -itn ss #n(* ) 'aus it !as a(r ad* a'3uir d /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'rim and t! a''us d, %! dis'!arg #& an a''us d is "art #& t! : r'is #& /urisdi'ti#n )ut is n#t a r '#gniti#n #& an in! r nt /udi'ia( &un'ti#n, >#r #v r, t! Ru( s #& C#urt !av n v r ) n int r"r t d t# ) ) *#nd '!ang )* ( gis(ati#n d sign d t# im"r#v t! administrati#n #& #ur /usti' s*st m, R,A, N#, 6281 is #n #& t! mu'! s#ug!t " na( r &#rm (a-s t# ! (" g#v rnm nt in its u"!i(( &ig!t against 'rim , #n ' rtain 'aus #& -!i'! is t! r ti' n' #& -itn ss s t# t sti&*, $ %! rati#na( &#r t! (a- is - (( "ut )* t! ; "artm nt #& +usti' , vi",C R5itn ss s, &#r & ar #& r "risa( and '#n#mi' dis(#'ati#n, usua((* r &us t# a"" ar and t sti&* in t! inv stigati#nM"r#s 'uti#n #& 'rimina( '#m"(aintsM'as s, B 'aus #& su'! r &usa(, 'rimina( '#m"(aintsM'as s !av ) n dismiss d &#r insu&&i'i n'* andM#r (a'. #& vid n' , F#r a m#r && 'tiv administrati#n #& 'rimina( /usti' , t! r -as a n ' ssit* t# "ass a

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

(a- "r#t 'ting -itn ss s and granting t! m ' rtain rig!ts and ) n &its t# nsur t! ir a"" aran' in inv stigativ )#di sM'#urts,R P titi#n r 5 ))Qs '!a(( ng t# t! va(idit* #& R,A, N#, 6281 'ann#t t! r &#r su'' d, Dispositive P titi#ns dismiss d

PEOPLE v BUBAN DSKPRA, PAG7 6E PEOPLE v SAPAL 328 SCRA 419 SAPKNAN; ; ' m) r 22, 1229
NATURE Aut#mati' R vi - #& t! ; 'isi#n FACTS $ %! R%C #& >ani(a s nt n' d a''us d$a"" ((ant +imm* Sa"a( t# ;7A%4 a&t r ! -as &#und gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim #& un(a-&u( "#ss ssi#n #& t!r <3= .gs, #& mari/uana, $ %! "r#s 'uti#n "r s nt d t-# -itn ss s, nam (* P03 + sus G#m 8 and R n C! 'a, a &#r nsi' '! mist, G#m 8 t sti&i d t!at t! #&&i' #& t! ;rug 7n&#r' m nt Knit r ' iv d a 'a(( t!at a''us d -!# !ad a standing -arrant #& arr st !ad ) n s n at +#'s#n St,, Sam"a(#' >ani(a, $ %! ir gr#u" s"#tt d t! 'ar &r 3u nt(* us d )* t! a''us d, %! "#(i' #" rativ s a""r#a'! d t! 'ar, t#(d t! a''us d and !is -i& , a(#ng -it! t-# #t! r '#m"ani#ns, t# g t d#-n #& t! 'ar, F#rt!-it!, G#m 8 '#ndu't d a s ar'! #& t! v !i'( and in t! '#urs t! r #&, a(( g d(* &#und a (ig!t gr n "(asti' )ag in t! )a'. s at '#ntaining t!r )ri'.s #& mari/uana, $ %! a''us d t sti&i d t!at t! "#(i' #" rativ s t##. !is -a(( t -!i'! '#ntain d 'as! and s v ra( A%> 'ards and t!at t! (att r '# r' d !im int# divu(ging t! PIN num) rs #& t! A%> 'ards, $ A''us d gav t! m t! '#rr 't PIN num) r t# !is Far 7ast Ban. a''#unt )ut "ur"#s (* mi: d u" t! #t! r PIN num) rs t# !is #t! r )an. a''#unts, $ %! a''us d and !is '#m"ani#ns - r )r#ug!t t# t! 5P; ! ad3uart rs -! r t! ir ma( '#m"ani#n, + rr*, -as mau( d t# &#r' !im t# admit t!at drugs - r r '#v r d &r#m t! ir gr#u", %! a''us d0s -i& and ! r #t! r '#m"ani#n - r (i. -is '# r' d t# admit t! sam , 4#- v r, t! * a(( insist d t!at n# i(( ga( drugs - r r '#v r d &r#m an* #& t! m, $ A&t r tria(, t! tria( '#urt r nd r d t! d 'isi#n und r r vi -, ISSUE 51N t! gui(t #& t! a''us d -as "r#v n ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t t# -arrant t! su"r m " na(t* #& d at! HELD %! C#urt &inds &#r t! a''us d, $ 5!i( t! C#urt is mind&u( t!at (a- n&#r' rs n/#* t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit* in t! " r&#rman' #& t! ir duti s, t!is "r sum"ti#n 'ann#t "r vai( #v r t! '#nstituti#na( rig!t #& t! a''us d t# ) "r sum d inn#' nt and it 'ann#t, )* its (&, '#nstitut "r##& #& gui(t ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t,

"EBB v DE LEON 249 SCRA 652 PKN1; August 23, 1225

NATURE P titi#ns &#r t! issuan' #& t! and mandamus :tra#rdinar* -rits #& certiorari, "r#!i)iti#n

FACTS $ P titi#n rs 4u) rt 5 )), >i'!a ( Gat'!a(ian, Ant#ni# +, ? /an# and si: <6= #t! r " rs#ns - r '!arg d -it! t! 'rim #& Ra" -it! 4#mi'id <@i8'#nd massa'r =, $ P titi#n rs &au(t t! ;1+ Pan ( &#r n#t in'(uding A(&ar# in t! In&#rmati#n '#nsid ring ! r a(( g d '#ns"irat#ria( "arti'i"ati#n in t! 'rim #& ra" -it! !#mi'id , It is urg d t!at t!is '#nstitut s R, , , an intrusi#n int# /udi'ia( "r r#gativ &#r it is #n(* t! '#urt -!i'! !as t! "#- r und r t! Ru( s #n Crimina( Pr#' dur t# dis'!arg an a''us d as a stat -itn ssR )as d #n S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 112 -!i'! giv s t! '#urt t! "r r#gativ t# a""r#v t! dis'!arg #& an a''us d t# ) a stat -itn ss, ISSUE 51N A(&ar# s!#u(d ) in'(ud d as #n #& t! a''us d in t! in&#rmati#n HELD $ %! n#n$in'(usi#n #& A(&ar# is an'!#r d #n R "u)(i' A't N#, 6281, ntit( d RAn A't Pr#viding F#r A 5itn ss Pr#t 'ti#n, S 'urit* And B n &it Pr#gram And F#r 1t! r Pur"#s sR na't d #n A"ri( 24, 1221, A(&ar# 3ua(i&i d und r its S 'ti#n 10, -!i'! "r#vid sC S ', 10, !tate /itness, An* " rs#n -!# !as "arti'i"at d in t! '#mmissi#n #& a 'rim and d sir s t# a -itn ss &#r t! Stat , 'an a""(* and, i& 3ua(i&i d as d t rmin d in t!is A't and )* t! ; "artm nt, s!a(( ) admitt d int# t! Pr#gram -! n v r t! &#((#-ing 'ir'umstan' s ar "r s ntC <a= t! #&& ns in -!i'! !is t stim#n* -i(( ) us d is a grav & (#n* as d &in d und r t! R,P,C, #r its 3uiva( nt und r s" 'ia( (a-s; <)= t! r is a)s#(ut n ' ssit* &#r !is t stim#n*; <'= t! r is n# #t! r dir 't vid n' avai(a)( &#r t! "r#" r "r#s 'uti#n #& t! #&& ns '#mmitt d; <d= !is t stim#n* 'an ) su)stantia((* '#rr#)#rat d #n its mat ria( "#ints;

Criminal Procedure
$ In t! "r s nt 'as , t! r is su&&i'i nt vid n' t# s!#- t!at t! mann r )* -!i'! t! (a- n&#r' rs && 't d t! arr st #& t! a''us d -as !ig!(* irr gu(ar and sus" 't, $ G#m 8 '(aim d t!at t! * arr st d a''us d "ursuant t# t! -arrant issu d )* +udg Barri#s -!i'! :"(i'it(* stat d t!at said a''us d +imm* Sa"a( ) A)r#ug!t ) &#r !im as s##n as "#ssi)( ,B 4#- v r, '#ntrar* t# t! '( ar dir 'tiv #& t! -arrant, t! (a- n&#r' rs n v r )r#ug!t !im ) &#r t! said /udg , G#m 8 !ims (& admitt d t! sam and did n#t #&& r an* '#nvin'ing :"(anati#n &#r t!is #missi#n, $ >#r #v r, t! r '#rds r v a( t!at t! d#'um nts r (ating t# t! arr st #& t! a''us d and !is -i& - r "r "ar d t!r <3= da*s a&t r t! arr st, $ Furt! r, t! 'as -as su)mitt d t# t! in3u st "r#s 'ut#r #n(* #n A"ri( 25, 1225 and t! in&#rmati#n against a''us d and !is -i& -as su)s 3u nt(* &i( d #n A"ri( 26, 1225, $ It -as n#t (i. -is s!#-n t!at a''us d -as &u((* a""ris d #& !is rig!ts und r 'ust#dia( arr st, S" 'i&i'a((*, a''us d -as n#t assist d )* '#uns ( -! n ! -as und r 'ust#dia( inv stigati#n, $ Admitt d(*, a''us d is d m d t# !av -aiv d !is rig!t t# 3u sti#n t! irr gu(ariti s att nding !is arr st &#r !is &ai(ur t# rais t! sam ) &#r ! nt r d !is "( a, N#n t! ( ss, t! " 'u(iar &a'tua( 'ir'umstan' s surr#unding t! 'as && 'tiv (* d str#* t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit* in t! " r&#rman' )* G#m 8 and !is '#(( agu s #& t! ir duti s, Su'! ) ing t! 'as , t! "r sum"ti#n #& r gu(arit* 'ann#t ) mad t! s#( )asis #& t! '#nvi'ti#n #& t! a''us d, $ It !as ) n su&&i'i nt(* sta)(is! d t!at s v ra( -it!dra-a(s - r mad &r#m t! Far 7ast Ban. a''#unt #& a''us d t!r#ug! A%> #n A"ri( 22, 1225 and t! s -it!dra-a(s '#u(d n#t !av ) n mad )* t! a''us d and !is -i& ) 'aus t! * - r t! n a(r ad* und r arr st, $ %! C#urt 'ann#t '#m"( t (* disr gard t!is "i ' #& vid n' as it str#ng(* '#rr#)#rat s t! t stim#n* #& a''us d t!at (a- n&#r' rs - r a)( t# -it!dra- m#n * &r#m is Far 7ast Ban. a''#unt t!r#ug! A%>, ) *t is well)settled that Lwhere the circumstances shown to e+ist 'ield two 0D4 or more inferences& one of which consistent with the presumption of innocence while the other or others ma' be compatible with the finding of guilt& the court must ac$uit the accused for the evidence does not fulfill the test or moral certaint' and is insufficient to support a judgment of conviction. Dispositive R v rs d,

a2010 page 10"

t! Pr#)ati#n ?a- #& 1296, and -as r ( as d &r#m 'ust#d* #n !is #-n r '#gni8an' , 4 n v r t! r a&t r s#ug!t t# ta. an a"" a( #r !av t! v rdi't r v rs d #r m#di&i d, A''#rding t# S#($G n,, I'a#Qs a""(i'ati#n &#r "r#)ati#n -as a""r#v d, N#t!ing in t! r '#rd '( ar(* su""#rts t!is ass rti#n, 5! t! r #r n#t "r#)ati#n -as grant d is n#t, !#- v r, mat ria(, %! 'as -i(( ) r s#(v d #n #t! r '#nsid rati#ns, $ A m#nt! (at r, t! r s"#nd nt +udg Qs att nti#n -as dra-n t# a ( tt r #& t! Pr#)ati#n 1&&i' r #& ;i"#(#g Cit*, r "(*ing t# an in3uir* #& t! 1&&i' #& t! Pr#vin'ia( G#v rn#r, stating t!at " nding &ina( a'ti#n #n !is " titi#n &#r "r#)ati#n, I'a# '#u(d '#ntinu " r&#rming !is duti s as "r#vin'ia( guard in a''#rdan' -it! t! s"irit and int nt #& t! Pr#)ati#n ?a-, %! r s"#nd nt +udg issu d an #rd r, ann#un'ing !is am ndm nt #& t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n )* s" 'i&*ing t! " ri#d #& t m"#rar* s" 'ia( dis3ua(i&i'ati#n #& I'a#, and r 3uiring t! (att rQs "r s n' &#r t! "r#mu(gati#n #& t! am nd d d 'isi#n, $ I'a# m#v d &#r r '#nsid rati#n, arguing t!at t! C#urt !ad a(r ad* (#st /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as , t! /udgm nt !aving ) '#m &ina(, and t! a(t rati#n )* t! r s"#nd nt +udg #& t! d 'isi#n und r t! 'ir'umstan' s -#u(d "(a' !im in d#u)( / #"ard*, 4is m#ti#n -as d ni d, as -as, t##, a s '#nd >FR, 4 n' , t!is " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n n#- ) &#r t!is C#urt, ISSUE 51N r s"#nd nt +udg !ad t! aut!#rit* t# m#di&* t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n HELD N1 Ratio A /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n ma* ) m#di&i d #r s t asid )* t! '#urt r nd ring it ) &#r t! /udgm nt !as ) '#m &ina( #r a"" a( !as ) n " r& 't d, A /udgm nt in a 'rimina( 'as ) '#m s &ina( a&t r t! (a"s #& t! " ri#d &#r " r& 'ting an a"" a(, #r -! n t! s nt n' !as ) n "artia((* #r t#ta((* satis&i d #r s rv d, #r t! d & ndant !as :"r ss(* -aiv d in -riting !is rig!t t# a"" a( . 0 !ec. P& Rule 7DI of the Rules of Court of 789:4 Reasoning % Knd r said ru( , t! r s"#nd nt +udg !ad '( ar(* (#st t! aut!#rit* t# m#di&* t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n, .a/ %! /udgm nt in t!is 'as ) 'am &ina( and : 'ut#r* ) 'aus t! 15$da* " ri#d #& a"" a( "r#vid d )* (a!ad (a"s d -it!#ut an a"" a( ) ing ta. n, A /udgm nt -!i'! !as ) '#m &ina( and : 'ut#r* 'an n# (#ng r ) am nd d #r '#rr 't d :' "t #n(* as r gards '( ri'a( rr#rs, 4 n' , v n t! su)s 3u nt dis'#v r* #& an rr#n #us im"#siti#n #& a " na(t* -i(( n#t /usti&* '#rr 'ti#n #& t! /udgm nt a&t r it !as ) '#m &ina(, .!/ Knd r Art, 44 #& RPC, t! " na(t* #& arr st# im"#s d #n I'a# 'arri s -it! it t!at #& sus" nsi#n #& t! rig!t t# !#(d #&&i' and t! rig!t #& su&&rag during t! t rm #& t! s nt n' , %! "(ain im"(i'ati#n -#u(d a"" ar t# ) t!at '#urts !av n# "#- r t# &i: a (#ng r t rm &#r t!at a'' ss#r* " na(t* #& dis3ua(i&i'ati#n Dispositive P titi#n GRAN%7;, C!a(( ng d 1rd rs annu(( d and s t asid ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

FACTS $ +#s -as '#nvi't d #& i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& :"(#siv s <!andgr nad = and s nt n' d t# su&& r im"ris#nm nt #& &iv * ars, 4 s .s a n - tria( )ut -as d ni d )* t! CFI #& Pam"anga and a&&irm d )* t! CA, $ +#s -as arr st d )* t! (#'a( "#(i' &#r i(( ga( dis'!arg #& &ir arm, r#)) r* and i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& :"(#siv s, 4#n, R#m r# a'3uitt d a''us d +#s #& i(( ga( dis'!arg #& &ir arm and r#)) r*, )ut '#nvi't d !im &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& t! !andgr nad t!at -as &#und #n !is " rs#n at t! tim #& !is arr st, $ A&t r "r#mu(gati#n #& t! /udgm nt, " titi#n r #n t!at sam da*, &i( d !is n#ti' #& a"" a(, P titi#n r &i( d a m#ti#n "ra*ing t!at t! 'as ) r #" n d t# " rmit !im t# "r s nt, "ursuant t# a r s rvati#n ! !ad mad in t! '#urs #& t! tria(, a " rmit t# "#ss ss t! !andgr nad in 3u sti#n, %! tria( '#urt d ni d t! m#ti#n main(* #n t! gr#und t!at it !ad (#st /urisdi'ti#n #v r t! 'as in vi - #& t! " r& 'ti#n #& t! a"" a( )* t! a''us d #n t! v r* dat t! d 'isi#n -as "r#mu(gat d, $ %! r '#rds - r t! n ( vat d t# t! C#urt #& A"" a(s -! r " titi#n r as a''us d$a"" ((ant rais d t! issu s #& <1= an rr#n #us '#nvi'ti#n &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& :"(#siv s -! n t! r -as n# "r##& #& an ss ntia( ( m nt #& t! 'rim , and <2= rr#n #us d nia( #& !is m#ti#n t# r #" n t! 'as &#r t! r ' "ti#n #& !is " rmit t# "#ss ss t! !andgr nad , +#s "ra* d &#r !is a'3uitta( #r in t! a(t rnativ &#r t! r mand #& t! 'as )a'. t# t! tria( '#urt &#r a n - tria(, CA a&&irm d R%C, $ A m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n andM#r n - tria( -as &i( d )ut -as d ni d, $ +#s &i( d ) &#r t! SC )ut -as d ni d, %!us t!is >#ti#n &#r R '#nsid rati#n, $ >ani& stati#n -as su)mitt d )* t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( in&#rming t! C#urt t!at in vi - #& t! R" rsist n' #& a''us d " titi#n r ?#r n8# +#s )#t! ) &#r t!is 4#n#ra)( C#urt and r s"#nd nt C#urt #& A"" a(s as t# !is a(( g d :isting a""#intm nt as PC Ag nt andM#r aut!#rit* t# "#ss ss !andgr nad ,R in t! int r st #& /usti' , ! -as '#nstrain d t# ma. " rtin nt in3uiri s &r#m t! PC C!i &, G n, Fid ( @, Ram#s -!# in r "(* s nt !is ( tt r dat d ; ' m) r 29, 1294 t!at stat s t!at >r, ?#r n8# +#s -as a""#int d as PC Ag nt, %! S#(i'it#r G n ra( n#- '#n' d s t!at t! int r sts #& /usti' -i(( ) st ) s rv d )* r manding t!is 'as t# t! '#urt #& #rigin &#r a n - tria(, ISSUE 51N CA '#mmitt d an rr#r #& (a- and grav (* a)us its dis'r ti#n -! n it d ni d " titi#n rQs m#ti#n &#r n - tria( R&#r t! r ' "ti#n #& <1= t! -ritt n " rmit #& " titi#n r t# "#ss ss and us !andgr nad , and <2= t! -ritt n a""#intm nt #& " titi#n r as PC ag nt -it! C#d N#, P$36$68 and C#d Nam QSa&ariQ <)#t! d#'um nts ar dat d 31 +anuar* 1268=R HELD 67S $ %!is is a situati#n -! r a rigid a""(i'ati#n #& ru( s #& "r#' dur must )#- t# t! #v rriding g#a( #& '#urts #& /usti' \ t# r nd r /usti' -! r /usti' is du t# s 'ur t# v r* individua( a(( "#ssi)( ( ga( m ans t# "r#v !is inn#' n' #& a 'rim #& -!i'! ! is '!arg d, %! &ai(ur #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s t# a""r 'iat t! m rits #& t! situati#n, inv#(ving as it d# s t! (i) rt* #& an individua(, t! r )* '(#sing its ar t# a "( a t!at a mis'arriag #& /usti' ) av rt d, '#nstitut s a grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n -!i'! 'a((s &#r r (i & &r#m t!is C#urt,

ICAO v APALISOI 180 SCRA 680 NAR@ASA; ; ' m) r 22, 1282

NATURE P titi#n &#r ' rti#rari and "r#!i)iti#n FACTS $ P titi#n r %ar'isi# I'a# -as a "r#vin'ia( guard m"(#* d )* t! Pr#vin' #& Lam)#anga d ( N#rt , 4is '!i & &un'ti#n -as t# guard "ris#n rs '#n&in d in t! "r#vin'ia( /ai( (#'at d in ;i"#(#g Cit*, 4 -as '!arg d -it! t! & (#n* #& in&id (it* in t! 'ust#d* #& "ris#n rs in t! CFI ;i"#(#g Cit*, and a&t r du arraignm nt and tria(, -as '#nvi't d, $ 1n t! sam da* t!at t! /udgm nt -as "r#mu(gat d, "rivat r s"#nd nt I'a# &i( d a " titi#n &#r "r#)ati#n "ursuant t# t! "r#visi#ns #&

JOSE v CA 90 SCRA 259 >KX1L PA?>A; >ar'! 31, 1296

Criminal Procedure
$ 5 d# n#t 3u sti#n t! '#rr 'tn ss #& t! &indings #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s t!at t! vid n' s#ug!t t# ) "r s nt d )* t! " titi#n r d# n#t &a(( und r t! 'at g#r* #& n -(*$dis'#v r d vid n' ) 'aus t! sam !is a(( g d a""#intm nt as an ag nt #& t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* and a " rmit t# "#ss ss a !andgr nad - r su""#s d t# ) .n#-n t# " titi#n r and :isting at t! tim #& tria( and n#t dis'#v r d #n(* t! r a&t r, $ It is ind d an sta)(is! d ru( t!at &#r a n - tria( t# ) grant d #n t! gr#und #& n -(* dis'#v r d vid n' , it must ) s!#-n t!at <a= t! vid n' -as dis'#v r d a&t r tria(; <)= su'! vid n' '#u(d n#t !av ) n dis'#v r d and "r#du' d at t! tria( v n -it! t! : r'is #& r as#na)( di(ig n' ; <'= t! vid n' is mat ria(, n#t m r (* 'umu(ativ , '#rr#)#rativ , #r im" a'!ing; and <d= it must g# t# t! m rits as #ug!t t# "r#du' a di&& r nt r su(t i& admitt d, $ 4#- v r, " titi#n r ! r in d# s n#t /usti&* !is m#ti#n &#r a n - tria( #n n -(* dis'#v r d vid n' , )ut rat! r #n )r#ad r gr#unds #& su)stantia( /usti' und r S ', 11, Ru( 124 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt -!i'! "r#vid sC RP#- r #& a"" ((at '#urt #n a"" a(, K"#n a"" a( &r#m a /udgm nt #& t! C#urt #& First Instan' , t! a"" ((at '#urt ma* r v rs , a&&irm, #r m#di&* t! /udgm nt and in'r as #r r du' t! " na(t* im"#s d )* t! tria( '#urt, r mand t! 'as t# t! C#urt #& First Instan' &#r n tria( #r r tria(, #r dismiss t! 'as ,R $ P titi#n r ass rts, and '#rr 't(* s#, t!at t! aut!#rit* #& r s"#nd nt a"" ((at '#urt #v r an a"" a( d 'as is )r#ad and am"( n#ug! t# m)ra' situati#ns as t! instant 'as -! r t! '#urt ma* grant a n tria( #r a r tria( &#r r as#ns #t! r t!an t!at "r#vid d in S 'ti#n 13 #& t! sam Ru( , #r S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 121 #& t! Ru( s #& C#urt, 5!i( S 'ti#n 13, Ru( 124, and S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 121, "r#vid &#r s" 'i&i' gr#unds &#r a n - tria(, i, , n -(* dis'#v r d vid n' , and rr#rs #& (a- #r irr gu(ariti s '#mmitt d during t! tria(, S 'ti#n 11, Ru( 124 3u#t d a)#v d# s n#t s# s" 'i&*, t! r )* ( aving t# t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! '#urt t! d t rminati#n, #n a 'as t# 'as )asis, #& -!at -#u(d '#nstitut m rit#ri#us 'ir'umstan' s -arranting a n - tria( #r r tria(, $ %!us, admitt d(*, '#urts ma* sus" nd its #-n ru( s #r :' "t a 'as &r#m t! m &#r t! "ur"#s s #& /usti' #r, in a "r#" r 'as , disr gard t! m, In t!is /urisdi'ti#n, in n#t a & - instan' s, t!is C#urt #rd r d a n - tria( in 'rimina( 'as s #n gr#unds n#t m nti#n d in t! statut , vi8C r tra'ti#n #& -itn ss, n g(ig n' #r in'#m" t n'* #& '#uns (, im"r#vid nt "( a #& gui(t*, dis3ua(i&i'ati#n #& an att#rn * d #&i'i# t# r "r s nt t! a''us d in t! tria( '#urt, and -! r a /udgm nt -as r nd r d #n a sti"u(ati#n #& &a'ts nt r d int# )* )#t! t! "r#s 'uti#n and t! d & ns , $ C!ara't risti'a((*, a n - tria( !as ) n d s'ri) d as a n - inv nti#n t# t m" r t! s v rit* #& a /udgm nt #r "r v nt t! &ai(ur #& /usti' , $ P titi#n r 'it s ' rtain " 'u(iar 'ir'umstan' s #)taining in t! 'as n#) &#r Ks -!i'! ma* ) '(assi&i d as :' "ti#na( n#ug! t# -arrant a n - tria( i& #n(* t# a&&#rd !uman #""#rtunit* t# sta)(is! !is inn#' n' #& t! 'rim '!arg d, $ %!us " titi#n r -as &a'ing a 'rimina( "r#s 'uti#n &#r i(( ga( "#ss ssi#n #& a !andgr nad in t! '#urt ) (#-, 4 '(aim d t# ) an ag nt #& t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* -it! a " rmit t# "#ss ss :"(#siv s su'! as t! !andgr nad in 3u sti#n, 4#- v r, ! &#und !ims (& in a situati#n -! r ! !ad t# ma. a '!#i' r v a( !is id ntit* as an und r'#v r ag nt #& t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* assign d t# " r&#rm int ((ig n' -#r. #n su)v rsiv a'tiviti s and &a' "#ssi)( r "risa(s #r v n (i3uidati#n at t! !ands #& t! dissid nts '#nsid ring t!at F(#rida)(an'a, t! sit #& t!

a2010 page 110

in'id nt, -as in t! ! art #& R4u.(andiaR, #r rid #n t! !#" #& a "#ssi)( :#n rati#n #r a'3uitta( )as d #n insu&&i'i n'* #& t! vid n' #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, 5it!#ut r v a(ing !is id ntit* as an ag nt #& t! P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar*, ! '(aim d ) &#r t! tria( /udg t!at ! !ad a " rmit t# "#ss ss t! !andgr nad and "ra* d &#r tim t# "r s nt t! sam , %! " rmit !#- v r '#u(d n#t ) "r#du' d ) 'aus it -#u(d r v a( !is int ((ig n' -#r. a'tiviti s, Cam t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n and -it! it t! stagg ring im"a't #& a &iv $* ar im"ris#nm nt, %! '#m" t nt aut!#riti s t! n r a(i8 d t!at it -as un/ust &#r t!is man t# g# t# /ai( &#r a 'rim ! !ad n#t '#mmitt d, ! n' , 'am t! d sir d vid n' '#n' rning " titi#n rQs a""#intm nt as a P!i(i""in C#nsta)u(ar* ag nt and !is aut!#rit* t# "#ss ss a !andgr nad &#r t! "r#t 'ti#n #& !is " rs#n, )ut, it -as t## (at a''#rding t# t! tria( '#urt ) 'aus in t! m antim t! a''us d !ad " r& 't d !is a"" a(, Dispositive PR7>IS7S C1NSI;7R7;, 5 ! r )* s t asid t! /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n #& t! ! r in " titi#n r, ?#r n8# +#s , and r mand t! 'as t# t! '#urt a 3u# &#r a n - tria( #n(* &#r t! "ur"#s #& a((#-ing said a''us d t# "r s nt additi#na( vid n' in !is d & ns , %! tria( '#urt s!a(( in&#rm t!is C#urt #& t! &ina( #ut'#m #& t! 'as -it!in a r as#na)( tim ,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

'#unts #& grav '# r'i#n against %a*a# and 3 s 'uirt* guards,, %! Cit* "r#s 'ut#r a""r#v d t! inv stigating "r#s 'ut#r0s r s#(uti#n, $ %! r s"#nd nts a"" a( d t# t! ;1+, %! ;1+ r v rs d t! r s#(uti#n and #rd r d t!at t! in&#rmati#ns ) -it!dra-n, %! '#r"#rati#n m#v d t# r '#nsid r )ut -as d ni d )* t! ;1+, %! * t! n assai( d t! ;1+ #rd r ) &#r t! CA, $ In t! m antim , r s"#nd nts &i( d a m#ti#n t# dismiss t! 'rimina( 'as s, +udg Ba*)a* grant d t! m#ti#n, ISSUES 1, 51N t! /udg '#rr 't(* dismiss d t! 'rimina( 'as 2, 51N t! #n(* r m d* &#r t! " titi#n rs -as a " titi#n &r# ' rti#rari, n#t an #rdinar* a"" a( HELD 1, N1 $ As t# -!at m#d #& r vi - " titi#n rs ma* avai( #& a&t r a '#urt grants an a''us d0s m#ti#n t# -it!dra- in&#rmati#n andM#r t# dismiss t! 'as , S 'ti#n 1 #& Ru( 122 #& t! 2000 R vis d Ru( s #& Crimina( Pr#' dur instru'tsC RAn* "art* ma* a"" a( &r#m a /udgm nt #r &ina( #rd r, un( ss t! a''us d -i(( ) "(a' d in d#u)( / #"ard*,R $ In avai(ing #& t! r m d* #& ' rti#rari ) &#r t! R%C, " titi#n rs '(aim t!at t! * !ad n# "(ain, ad 3uat and s" d* r m d* t# 3u sti#n t! > %C0s grant #& t! m#ti#n, $%! r '#rds #& t! 'as s s!#-, !#- v r, t!at t! m#ti#n -as grant d )* t! > %C ) &#r r s"#nd nts - r arraign d, %!us, t! "r#!i)iti#n against a"" a( in 'as a 'rimina( 'as is dismiss d as t! a''us d -#u(d ) "(a' d in d#u)( / #"ard* d# s n#t a""(*, $ P titi#n rs n#t !aving avai( d #& t! "r#" r r m d* t# assai( t! dismissa( #& t! 'as s, t! dismissa( !ad ) '#m &ina( and : 'ut#r*, 1n t!is s'#r a(#n , t! "r s nt " titi#n must &ai(, 2, 67S $ %! /udg mad a &inding ind " nd nt #& t!at #& t! ;1+0s, $ %! tria( '#urt did str ss in its ; ' m) r 3, 2002 1rd r d n*ing t! m#ti#n &#r r '#nsid rati#n t!at it -as )#und t# ma. , as it did, a "r (iminar* &inding ind " nd nt(* #& t!#s #& t! S 'r tar* #& +usti' , $ %! tria( /udg n d n#t stat -it! s" 'i&i'it* #r ma. a ( ngt!* :"#siti#n #& t! &a'tua( and ( ga( &#undati#n r (i d u"#n )* !im t# arriv at !is d 'isi#n, It su&&i' s t!at u"#n !is #-n " rs#na( va(uati#n #& t! vid n' and t! (a- inv#(v d in t! 'as , ! is '#nvin' d t!at t! r is n# "r#)a)( 'aus t# indi't t! a''us d, Dispositive P titi#n d ni d

FIRST "OMENRS CREDIT v BAYBAY CARPI1 >1RA?7S; +anuar* 31, 2009

FACTS

First 5#m n0s Cr dit C#r" &i( d a " titi#n ) &#r t! S 'uriti s and 7:'!ang C#mmissi#n <S7C= against t! '#r"#rati#n0s #&&i' rs +a'int#, C#(a*'#, Sangi( and Cru8, &#r a(( g d mismanag m nt #& t! '#r"#rati#n, $ %! S7C, in S7C Cas N#, 11$29$5816, 'r at d an Int rim >anag m nt C#mmitt <I>C= &#r t! '#r"#rati#n )* 1rd r #& N#v m) r 19, 1222, %! 1rd r -as u"! (d )* t! S7C n )an' #n +u(* 4, 2000, $ %! I>C t! r u"#n issu d dir 'tiv s t# t! '#r"#rati#n0s "r sid nt Ant#ni# %a*a# and '#r"#rat s 'r tar* and tr asur r G(i' ri# P r 8, $ A(( g d(* in '#ns"ira'* -it! +a'int# and C#(a*'#, %a*a# and P r 8 d &i d t! im"( m ntati#n #& t! S7C N#v m) r 19, 1222 1rd r 6 -! n I>C att m"t d t# nt r t! main #&&i' #& t! '#r"#rati#n in >a.ati #n ; ' m) r 3, 1222, ; ' m) r 22, 1222 and +anuar* 28, 2000 $ %! I>C t! n "r v ntiv (* sus" nd d %a*a# and P r 8, 4#- v r, %a*a# and P r 8 '#ntinu d t# issu m m#randa t# t! m"(#* s t# dis#) * t! I>C, ?at r, t! I>C dismiss d t! m )#t!, $ %! '#r"#rati#n, r "r s nt d )* Sata*ama <min#rit* st#'.!#(d r=, &i( d ) &#r t! >a.ati Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r 'rimina( '#m"(aints against +a'int#, C#(a*'#, %a*a# and P r 8 &#rC a= Arti'( 151 -!i'! "unis! s r sistan' and dis#) di n' t# " rs#n in aut!#rit* #r t! ag nts #& su'! " rs#n <20 '#unts=; )= Arti'( 154 -!i'! "unis! s t! un(a-&u( us #& m ans #& "u)(i'ati#n and un(a-&u( utt ran' s <2 '#unts=; '= Arti'( 192<2= -!i'! "unis! s &a(si&i'ati#n )* "rivat individua(s and us #& &a(si&i d d#'um nts <2 '#unts=; d= Arti'( 315, "aragra"! 2<a= 7sta&a )* &a(s (* "r t nding t# ) #&&i' rs #& F5CC <23 '#unts= $ %! inv stigating "r#s 'ut#r &#und n# "r#)a)( 'aus &#r vi#(ati#ns und r A151, A154 and A315, 4#- v r, it &#und "r#)a)( 'aus &#r 2 '#unts #& vi#(ati#n #& A 192<2= against +a'int#, C#(a*'# and P r 8, and 3

GALMAN v SANDIGANBAYAN DSKPRA, PAG7 82E PEOPLE v BAYOTAS 236 SCRA 232 R1>7R1; S "t m) r 2, 1224
FACTS $ R#g (i# Ba*#tas -as '!arg d -it! Ra" and v ntua((* '#nvi't d t! r #&, P nding a"" a( #& !is '#nvi'ti#n, Ba*#tas di d at t! Nati#na( Bi(i)id 4#s"ita(, C#ns 3u nt(*, t! Su"r m C#urt dismiss d t! 'rimina(

Criminal Procedure
as" 't #& t! a"" a(, 4#- v r, it r 3uir d t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( t# &i( its '#mm nt -it! r gard t# Ba*#tasQ 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m !is '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, In !is '#mm nt, t! S#(i'it#r G n ra( :"r ss d !is vi - t!at t! d at! #& a''us d$a"" ((ant did n#t :tinguis! !is 'ivi( (ia)i(it* as a r su(t #& !is '#mmissi#n #& t! #&& ns '!arg d, $ C#uns ( &#r t! a''us d$a"" ((ant argu s t!at t! d at! #& t! a''us d -!i( /udgm nt #& '#nvi'ti#n is " nding a"" a( :tinguis! s )#t! !is 'rimina( and 'ivi( " na(ti s, Said '#uns ( inv#. d t! ru(ing #& t! CA in People v, Castillo and Acfemia -!i'! ! (d t!at t! 'ivi( #)(igati#n in a 'rimina( 'as ta. s r##t in t! 'rimina( (ia)i(it* and, t! r &#r , 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is :tinguis! d i& a''us d s!#u(d di ) &#r &ina( /udgm nt is r nd r d, ISSUE 51N d at! #& t! a''us d " nding a"" a( #& !is '#nvi'ti#n :tinguis! s !is 'ivi( (ia)i(it* HELD 67S Ratio Arti'( 82 #& t! R vis d P na( C#d is t! '#ntr#((ing statut , It r ads, in "artC Crimina( (ia)i(it* is t#ta((* :tinguis! d G B* t! d at! #& t! '#nvi't, as t# t! " rs#na( " na(ti s; and as t# t! " 'uniar* " na(ti s (ia)i(it* t! r &#r is :tinguis! d #n(* -! n t! d at! #& t! #&& nd r #''urs ) &#r &ina( /udgm nt, %! t rm &ina( /udgm nt m"(#* d in t! RPC m ans /udgm nt ) *#nd r 'a((, R a((*, as (#ng as a /udgm nt !as n#t ) '#m : 'ut#r*, it 'ann#t ) trut!&u((* said t!at d & ndant is d &init (* gui(t* #& t! & (#n* '!arg d against !im, I& t! "rivat #&& nd d "art*, u"#n :tin'ti#n #& t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* e+ delicto d sir s t# r '#v r damag s &r#m t! same act or omission complained of& ! must, su)/ 't t# S 'ti#n 1, Ru( 111, &i( a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n, t!is tim "r di'at d n#t #n t! & (#n* "r vi#us(* '!arg d )ut #n #t! r s#ur' s #& #)(igati#n, 5 summari8 #ur ru(ing ! r inC 1, ; at! #& t! a''us d " nding a"" a( #& !is '#nvi'ti#n :tinguis! s !is 'rimina( (ia)i(it* as - (( as t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* )as d s#( (* t! r #n, 2, C#r#((ari(*, t! '(aim &#r 'ivi( (ia)i(it* surviv s n#t-it!standing t! d at! #& a''us d, i& t! sam ma* a(s# ) "r di'at d #n a s#ur' #& #)(igati#n #t! r t!an d (i't, 3, 5! r t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* surviv s, an a'ti#n &#r r '#v r* t! r &#r ma* ) "ursu d )ut #n(* )* -a* #& &i(ing a s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n 4, %! "rivat #&& nd d "art* n d n#t & ar a &#r& itur #& !is rig!t t# &i( t!is s "arat 'ivi( a'ti#n )* "r s'ri"ti#n, in 'as s -! r during t! "r#s 'uti#n #& t! 'rimina( a'ti#n and "ri#r t# its :tin'ti#n, t! "rivat $ #&& nd d "art* institut d t#g t! r t! r -it! t! 'ivi( a'ti#n, In su'! 'as , t! statut #& (imitati#ns #n t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* is d m d int rru"t d during t! " nd n'* #& t! 'rimina( 'as , '#n&#rma)(* -it! "r#visi#ns #& Arti'( 1155 #& t! Civi( C#d , t!at s!#u(d t! r )* av#id an* a""r ! nsi#n #n a "#ssi)( "rivati#n #& rig!t )* "r s'ri"ti#n, A""(*ing t!is s t #& ru( s t# t! 'as at ) n'!, - !#(d t!at t! d at! #& a"" ((ant Ba*#tas :tinguis! d !is 'rimina( (ia)i(it* and t! 'ivi( (ia)i(it* )as d s#( (* #n t! a't '#m"(ain d #&, i,e,, ra" , Dispositive %! a"" a( is ;IS>ISS7;,

a2010 page 111

NAR@ASA; 1't#) r 13, 1224
NATURE %!is " titi#n &#r r vi - "ra*s &#r t! r v rsa( #& t! r s#(uti#ns #& t! C#urt #& A"" a(s, FACTS $ >anu ( P, >artin 8 a'tua((* s .s t! dismissa( #& t! in&#rmati#n &#r (i) ( &i( d against !im in t! %ria( C#urt, $ 1n '#m"(aint #& t! n @i' $Pr sid nt Sa(vad#r 4, ?aur (, an In&#rmati#n -as &i( d ) &#r t! R%C #& >ani(a )* Assistant Pr#s 'ut#r Ant#ni# +, Ba(( na, '!arging >anu ( P, >artin 8 -it! (i) ( arising &r#m t! a(( g d(* d r#gat#r* and s'urri(#us im"utati#ns and insinuati#ns against ?aur ( '#ntain d in >artin 8Q arti'( ntit( d R%! S#rr#-s #& ?aur (R "u)(is! d #n +anuar* 8, 1220 in !is >ani(a %im s '#(umn, $ >artin 8 &i( d a R>#ti#n &#r R inv stigati#nR -!i'! -as d ni d )* +udg >anu ( 7, 6u8#n, %! 'as -as s t &#r arraignm nt and "r $tria( '#n& r n' #n +u(* 31, 1220, )ut t!is s tting -as 'an' (( d in vi - #& +udg 6u8#nQs r tir m nt, $ >artin 8 &i( d a " titi#n -it! t! ;1+ s .ing r vi - #& t! r s#(uti#n #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r &inding a "rima &a'i 'as #& (i) ( against !im, A''#rding(*, 3rd Asst, Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r ?#urd s C, %a)anag &i( d ) &#r t! tria( '#urt a m#ti#n t# sus" nd "r#' dings " nding r s#(uti#n )* t! ;1+ #& >artin 8Q " titi#n &#r r vi -, -!i'! -as grant d )* +udg P "it#, $ C#m"(ainant ?aur ( att m"t d #n' m#r t# !av t! 'as s t &#r arraignm nt and tria(, N# a'ti#n -as ta. n #n !is said m#ti#n, $ August 16, 1221C A'ting +usti' S 'r tar* Si(v str 4, B ((# III d '(ar d int r a(ia t!at -!i( t! (anguag us d in t! arti'( ma* ) unsav#r* and un"( asant t# '#m"(ainant, t! sam -as n#t a'ti#na)( as (i) (, as it m)#di d m r (* an #"ini#n "r#t 't d as a "rivi( g d '#mmuni'ati#n und r Arti'( 354 #& t! RPC, %! a"" a( d r s#(uti#n -as s t asid and t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r -as dir 't d t# 'aus t! dismissa( #& t! in&#rmati#n &i( d against >anu ( F, >artin 8, C#ns 3u nt(*, a m#ti#n t# dismiss -as &i( d #n August 26, 1221 and s t &#r ! aring #n ; ' m) r 19, 1221, At t! ! aring, u"#n mani& stati#n #& '#m"(ainantQs '#uns (, as "rivat "r#s 'ut#r, t!at ! !ad r ' iv d n# '#"* #& t! m#ti#n t# dismiss, t! tria( '#urt dir 't d t! 'as "r#s 'ut#r t# &urnis! said '#uns ( t! d sir d '#"*, giving t! (att r t n <10= da*s t# r s"#nd t! r t#, $ >#ti#n t# dismiss -as grant d )* +udg R#) rt# Barri#s, $ ?aur ( - nt t# CA as'ri)ing rr#r t# t! (#- r '#urt, $ CA issu d a R s#(uti#n granting t! a"" a( and r manding t! 'as &#r arraignm nt #& t! a''us d and tria( #n t! m rits, %! A"" ((at C#urt ru( d t!at "rivat '#m"(ainant !ad Rsu&&i'i nt " rs#na(it* and a va(id gri van' against t! #rd r #& dismissa( ) &#r arraignm ntR and t!at t! r m d* #& a"" a( -as "r#" rt* avai(a)( ) 'aus t! #rd r #& dismissa( -as a &ina( #rd r -!i'! t rminat d a(( "r#' dings in t! 'as , $ %! &au(t #r rr#r tainting t! #rd r #& dismissa( #& t! (#- r '#urt '#nsists in its &ai(ur t# #)s rv "r#' dura( du "r#' ss and t# : r'is its dis'r ti#n "r#" r(* and /udi'i#us(*, $ %! dismissa( -as )as d m r (* #n t! &indings #& t! A'ting S 'r tar* #& +usti' t!at n# (i) ( -as '#mmitt d, %! tria( /udg did n#t ma. an ind " nd nt va(uati#n #r ass ssm nt #& t! m rits #& t! 'as , $ %! grant #& t! m#ti#n t# dismiss -as )as d u"#n '#nsid rati#ns #t! r t!an t! /udg Qs #-n " rs#na( individua( '#nvi'ti#n t!at t! r -as n# 'as against t! a''us d, %! tria( /udg must !ims (& ) '#nvin' d t!at t! r

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

-as ind d n# su&&i'i nt vid n' against t! a''us d, and t!is '#n'(usi#n 'an ) arriv d at #n(* a&t r an ass ssm nt #& t! vid n' in t! "#ss ssi#n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n, Petitioners Claim $ >artin 8 m#v d t# dismiss t! a"" a( #n t! gr#und t!at n# a"" a( (i s &r#m t! dismissa( #& a 'rimina( 'as , and ' rtain(* n#t )* t! "rivat '#m"(ainant, "arti'u(ar(* -! r dismissa( -as at t! instan' #& t! Cit* Pr#s 'ut#r u"#n #rd rs #& t! ; "artm nt #& +usti' , $ I& an* r m d* -as avai(a)( t# "rivat '#m"(ainant, it -as a " titi#n &#r ' rti#rari, n#t an a"" a(, ISSUE 51N '#m"(ainant is a((#- d t# &i( an a"" a( HELD 67S Ratio %! rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m a &ina( /udgm nt #r #rd r in a 'rimina( 'as is grant d t# Ran* "art*R, :' "t -! n t! a''us d is "(a' d t! r )* in d#u)( / #"ard*, Reasoning S 'ti#n 2, Ru( 122 RCP R5!# ma* a"" a(, An* "art* ma* a"" a( &r#m a &ina( /udgm nt #r #rd r, :' "t i& t! a''us d -#u(d ) "(a' d t! r )* in d#u)( / #"ard*,B $ C#urt ru( d t!at t! -#rd R"art*R must ) und rst##d t# m an n#t #n(* t! g#v rnm nt and t! a''us d, )ut a(s# #t! r " rs#ns -!# ma* ) a&& 't d )* t! /udgm nt r nd r d in t! 'rimina( "r#' ding, %!us, t! "art* in/ur d )* t! 'rim !as ) n ! (d t# !av t! rig!t t# a"" a( &r#m a r s#(uti#n #& t! '#urt -!i'! is d r#gat#r* t# !is rig!t t# d mand 'ivi( (ia)i(it* arising &r#m t! #&& ns , <People v. Guido4 $ A1&& nd d "arti s in 'rimina( 'as s !av su&&i'i nt int r st and " rs#na(it* as Q" rs#n<s= aggri v dQ t# &i( t! s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n #& "r#!i)iti#n and ' rti#rari und r S 'ti#ns 1 and 2 #& Ru( 65 in (in -it! t! und r(*ing s"irit #& t! (i) ra( '#nstru'ti#n #& t! Ru( s #& C#urtGB $ %! "r#' dura( r '#urs #& a"" a( ta. n )* "rivat '#m"(ainant ?aur ( is '#rr 't ) 'aus t! #rd r #& dismissa( -as a &ina( #rd r, It &ina((* dis"#s d #& t! " nding a'ti#n s# t!at n#t!ing m#r '#u(d ) d#n -it! it in t! (#- r '#urt, $ %! r m d* against su'! a /udgm nt is an a"" a(, r gard( ss #& t! 3u sti#ns s#ug!t t# ) rais d #n a"" a(, -! t! r #& &a't, #r #& (a-, -! t! r inv#(ving /urisdi'ti#n #r grav a)us #& dis'r ti#n #& t! %ria( C#urt, , , , <%=! "art* aggri v d , , , did n#t !av t! #"ti#n t# su)stitut t! s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n #& ' rti#rari und r Ru( 65 &#r t! r m d* #& a"" a( "r#vid d &#r in Ru( 41, Ind d, t! :ist n' and avai(a)i(it* #& t! rig!t #& a"" a( ar antit! ti'a( t# t! avai(m nt #& t! s" 'ia( 'ivi( a'ti#n #& ' rti#rari, $ %! ru( t! r &#r in t!is /urisdi'ti#n is t!at #n' a '#m"(aint #r in&#rmati#n is &i( d in C#urt an* dis"#siti#n #& t! 'as as its dismissa( #r t! '#nvi'ti#n #r a'3uitta( #& t! a''us d r sts in t! s#und dis'r ti#n #& t! C#urt, A(t!#ug! t! &is'a( r tains t! dir 'ti#n and '#ntr#( #& t! "r#s 'uti#n #& 'rimina( 'as s v n -!i( t! 'as is a(r ad* in C#urt ! 'ann#t im"#s !is #"ini#n #n t! tria( '#urt, %! C#urt is t! ) st and s#( /udg #n -!at t# d# -it! t! 'as ) &#r it, <Crespo v. (ogul4 Dispositive P titi#n is d ni d,

MARTINEZ v CA :LAUREL< 239 SCRA 595

CRUZ v DIRECTOR OF PRISONS

Criminal Procedure
19 P4I? 262 %R7N%; N#v m) r 3, 1210
NATURE P titi#n &#r -rit #& !a) as '#r"us FACTS $ +uan >, Cru8 -as tri d, '#nvi't d, and s nt n' d )* CFI >ani(a &#r vi#(ati#n #& t! "r#visi#ns #& A't N#, 222 )* t! P!i( C#mmissi#n < && 'tiv N#v 4, 1201=, $ Cas f1C '#ns"ira'* against t! g#v rnm nt, 4 -as s nt n' d t# 3 *rs im"ris#nm nt, and &in #& P1,000 -it! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'* in t! "a*m nt #& t! &in , $ Cas f2C s diti#n, 4 -as s nt n' d t# im"ris#nm nt #& 2 *rs, and &in #& KS g2,000 <hP!P4000=, %!is (ast 'as -as a"" a( d t#, and a&&irm d )* SC, -it!#ut su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt, $ N#v 15, 1205C Cru8 '#mm n' d t# s rv t! s s nt n' s, $ N#v 15, 1210C su""#s d :"ir* #& 5*r t#ta( "ris#n t rm, $ +un 4, 1210C :"ir* #& "ris#n t rm #n a''#unt #& g##d '#ndu't a((#-an' , as "r#vid d )* A't N#, 1533 <Cru8 -as n#t a((#- d t! &u(( tim &#r g##d '#ndu't #n a''#unt #& ' rtain vi#(ati#ns #& "ris#n r gu(ati#ns=, $ 1't 14, 1210C " titi#n &#r -rit #! !a) as '#r"us -as &i( d in ) !a(& #& Cru8, ) /arden of Bilibid Prison sa's Cru8 is n#- s rving t! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt #n a''#unt #& !is &ai(ur t# "a* t! P1,000 &in in 'as f1, At t! rat #& P2,50 a da*, said su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt -i(( :"ir a)#ut t! 2t! #& +u(*, 1211, $ 1't 21, 1210C -rit as "ra* d &#r -as issu d, 4 aring -as s t t! n :t da*, ISSUE 51N t!at "art #& t! s nt n' #& t! CFI '#nd mning Cru8 t# su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'* in t! "a*m nt #& t! P1,000 &in is ( ga( HELD N1 $ CFI !ad /urisdi'ti#n #& t! #&& ns '#m"(ain d #&, It !ad /urisdi'ti#n #& t! "ris#n r -!# -as "r#" r(* )r#ug!t ) &#r it, It !ad /urisdi'ti#n t# ! ar and d 'id u"#n t! d & ns #&& r d )* !im, )ut it did n#t !av "#- r t# s nt n' t! " titi#n r t# su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'* in t! "a*m nt #& t! &in im"#s d, It is t! r &#r '( ar t!at t!at "art #& t! /udgm nt is v#id, $ A't N#, 1932 < && 'tiv N#v m) r 1, 1209=C -! n a &in is im"#s d as a -!#( , #r as an* "art #& t! "unis!m nt &#r an* 'rimina( #&& ns mad "unis!a)( )* an* A't #& t! P!i(i""in C#mmissi#n, t! '#urt s!a(( a(s# s nt n' t! gui(t* " rs#n t# su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt unti( t! &in is satis&i d; "r#vid d t!at su'! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt s!a(( n#t, in an* 'as , :' d #n * ar; )ut in 'as t! '#urt im"#s s )#t! a &in and im"ris#nm nt t! su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt s!a(( n#t :' d #n $t!ird #& t! t rm #& im"ris#nm nt im"#s d )* su'! s nt n' , $ %!is "r#visi#n is n#t a""(i'a)( t# Cru8 ) 'aus t! " na(t* -as im"#s d u"#n !im (#ng ) &#r A't N#, 1932 - nt int# && 't, P na( statut s 'an n#t !av a r tr#a'tiv && 't &#r t! r as#n t!at su'! && 't

a2010 page 112

-#u(d n#t ) ) n &i'ia( t# t! " titi#n r, <Art, 22, P na( C#d ; KS v >a'asa t= $ Pri#r t# t! "assag #& A't N#, 1932, CFIs !ad n# aut!#rit* t# im"#s su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt &#r &ai(ur t# "a* &in s in 'as s #& '#nvi'ti#n &#r vi#(ati#ns #& t! A'ts issu d )* t! P!i(i""in C#mmissi#n, Su'! rr#rs <r garding aut!#rit* t# im"#s t! " na(t* #& su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'*= -! n '#mmitt d !av ) n '#rr 't d )* SC in t!#s 'as s -!i'! - r a"" a( dC KS v 4ut'!ins#n, KS v ?in s s, and KS v >a'asa t, am#ng t! m, $ CFI did n#t !av "#- r t# s nt n' Cru8 t# su)sidiar* im"ris#nm nt in 'as #& ins#(v n'* in t! "a*m nt #& t! &in im"#s d, ) !C at this time has no power to correct this error committed b' the court below& neither has it power to remand the case to the trial court for that purpose. The fact that Cru" did not appeal can not affect the $uestion as the two penalties imposed are separate and distinct. $ %! '#urts uni&#rm(* !#(d t!at -! r a s nt n' im"#s s a "unis!m nt in :' ss #& t! "#- r #& t! '#urt t# im"#s , su'! s nt n' is v#id as t# t! :' ss, and s#m #& t! '#urts !#(d t!at t! s nt n' is v#id in toto; )ut t! - ig!t #& aut!#rit* sustains t! "r#"#siti#n t!at su'! a s nt n' is v#id #n(* as t# t! :' ss im"#s d in 'as t! "arts ar s "ara)( , t! ru( ) ing t!at t! " titi#n r is n#t ntit( d t# !is dis'!arg #n a -rit #& !a) as '#r"us un( ss ! !as s rv d #ut s# mu'! #& t! s nt n' as -as va(id, $ 5ard n agr s Cru8 !as s rv d #ut t! ntir "art #& t! s nt n' s -!i'! CFI !ad "#- r t# im"#s , and ad! ring t# t! ru( t!at t!at "art #& t! s nt n' s im"#s d )* t! '#urt ) (#- in :' ss #& its /urisdi'ti#n is v#id, t! " titi#n r is ntit( d t# !is r ( as , Dispositive Cru8 #rd r d dis'!arg d &r#m 'ust#d*,

Prof. Rowena Daroy Morales

#n(* 16 * ars #(d at t! tim #& t! ra" in'id nt, as - (( as t! r (ati#ns!i" #& &at! r and daug!t r ) t- n t! m, $ P #"( vs, +avi rC 4#- v r it is signi&i'ant t# n#t t!at t! "r#s 'uti#n &ai( d t# "r s nt t! )irt! ' rti&i'at #& t! '#m"(ainant, A(t!#ug! t! vi'tim0s ag -as n#t '#nt st d )* t! d & ns , "r##& #& ag #& t! vi'tim is "arti'u(ar(* n ' ssar* in t!is 'as '#nsid ring t!at t! vi'timQs ag -!i'! -as t! n 16 * ars #(d is /ust t-# * ars ( ss t!an t! ma/#rit* ag #& 18, $ At a(( v nts, it is t! )urd n #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# "r#v -it! ' rtaint* t! &a't t!at t! vi'tim -as ) (#- 18 -! n t! ra" -as '#mmitt d in #rd r t# /usti&* t! im"#siti#n #& t! d at! " na(t*, %! r '#rd #& t! 'as is ) r &t #& an* ind " nd nt vid n' , su'! as t! vi'timQs du(* ' rti&i d C rti&i'at #& ?iv Birt!, a''urat (* s!#-ing "rivat '#m"(ainantQs ag , $ %! &a't t!at a''us d$a"" ((ant >anu ( !as n#t d ni d t! a(( gati#n in t! '#m"(aint t!at >ari' ( -as 16 * ars #(d -! n t! 'rim -as '#mmitt d 'ann#t ma. u" &#r t! &ai(ur #& t! "r#s 'uti#n t# dis'!arg its )urd n in t!is r gard, $ B 'aus #& t!is (a"s , as - (( as t! '#rr s"#nding &ai(ur #& t! tria( '#urt t# ma. a 'at g#ri'a( &inding as t# t! min#rit* #& t! vi'tim, - !#(d t!at t! 3ua(i&*ing 'ir'umstan' #& min#rit* und r R "u)(i' A't N#, 9652 'ann#t ) a""r 'iat d in t!is 'as , and a''#rding(* t! d at! " na(t* 'ann#t ) im"#s d, $ %! a-ard #& damag s mad )* t! tria( '#urt s!#u(d (i. -is ) m#di&i d, As r gards t! 'ivi( ind mnit*, t!is C#urt !as t# dat '#nsist nt(* ru( d t!at i&, in t! 'rim #& ra" , t! d at! " na(t* is im"#s d, t! ind mnit* e+ delicto &#r t! vi'tim s!#u(d ) in t! am#unt #& P95,000,00; and i& t! d at! " na(t* is n#t d 'r d )* t! C#urt, t! vi'tim -#u(d inst ad ) ntit( d t# P50,000, A''#rding(*, a''us dYa"" ((ants s!a(( a'! "a* t! am#unt #& P50,000,00 as 'ivi( ind mnit* &#r a'! '#unt #& ra" , In additi#n, as ! (d in P #"( vs, Prad s, )#t! a''us d$a"" ((ants must a'! ind mni&* t! vi'tim t! am#unt #& P50,000,00 as m#ra( damag s &#r a'! '#unt #& ra" -it!#ut t! n d #& "( ading #r "r##& as t! )asis t! r #&, ?ast(*, a''us dYa"" ((ant >anu ( is a(s# (ia)( t# "a* t! sum #& P20,000,00 as : m"(ar* damag s t# d t r #t! r &at! rs -it! " rv rs t nd n'i s #r a) rrant s :ua( ) !avi#r &r#m s :ua((* a)using t! ir #-n daug!t rs Dispositive Kudgm nt a"" a( d &r#m -as a&&irm d -it! t! m#di&i'ati#n,

PEOPLE v CULA 322 SCRA 101 >7?1; >ar'! 28, 2000

FACTS $ A''us d$a"" ((ants >anu ( Cu(a 6 Bandi((a and +#s (it# ?#" 8 6 R#'# - r '!arg d &#r ra"ing t! &#rm r0s 16$* ar #(d daug!t r, >ari' ( Cu(a, $ A''us d$a"" ((ants - r &#und gui(t* ) *#nd r as#na)( d#u)t #& t! 'rim #& ra" as '!arg d in t! In&#rmati#n, $ >anu ( Cu(a -as s nt n' d t# su&& r t! " na(t* #& d at! -!i( +#s (it# ?#" 8, t! " na(t* #& R '(usi#n P r" tua, ISSUE 51N t! '#urt rr d in im"#sing t! " na(t* #& d at! HELD 67S $ It is a - (($ sta)(is! d ru( in 'rimina( "r#' dur t!at an a"" a( in a 'rimina( "r#' ding t!r#-s t! -!#( 'as #" n &#r r vi - and it ) '#m s t! dut* #& t! a"" ((at '#urt t# '#rr 't an rr#r in t! a"" a( d /udgm nt, -! t! r t!is is assign d as an rr#r #r n#t, $ In t! 'as at )ar, t! tria( '#urt, "ursuant t# S 'ti#n 11 #& R "u)(i' 9652, im"#s d t! " na(t* #& d at! u"#n a''us d$a"" ((ant >anu ( Cu(a, ta.ing int# a''#unt t! min#rit* #& >ari' ( as s! is said t# !av ) n