CS-360

GUI & Windows Programming

Dr. Richard R. Eckert
Computer Science Department SUNY Binghamton Fall, 2005

Course Information
? ? ?

Office: EB-N6 Phone: 777-4365 Office Hours:

? ?

T 10:00-11:30 A.M. W 2:30-3:30 P.M.

? ?

Email: reckert @binghamton.edu http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/~reckert /

?

Section 01: MWF, 8:30-9:30 A.M. Section 02: MWF, 1:10-2:10 P.M. SL-302

CS-360 link for syllabus, notes, programs, assignments, etc. [email protected] [email protected]

Class Listservs:
? ?

TA Information: TBA

Course Prerequisites
CS-240, Data Structures ? Knowledge of C or C++
?

Text Book Information

?

Required:
? Deitel,

et.al., C# for Experienced Programmers, PH/Pearson, 2003, ISBN 0-13-046133-4

Recommended:
? Kate

Gregory, Special Edition Visual C++ 6 .NET, Que, 2002, ISBN 0-7887-2466-9 ? Bradley & Millspaugh, Programming in C# .NET, McGraw-Hill, 2004, ISBN 0-07-121564-6
?

Many Books on Reserve

? See

Reserve List on Course Syllabus

Software
?

Evaluation
Programming Assignments Term Examinations (2) ? Final Project
? ?

Microsoft Visual Studio .NET (2003)

? ?

Available at University public computer facilities Get your own copy

?

From Microsoft Academic Alliance

All registered BU students Will be made accessible after Add/Drop deadline

Also comes with Bradley & Millspaugh book

45% 40% 15%

Microsoft ASP.NET Web Matrix

? ?

Available at University public computer facilities Free from Microsoft

?

asp.net/webmatrix

Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express (Beta)

?

Free from Microsoft

Policies
?

Course Schedule (weekly)

1. Intro to GUIs & Windows Programming 2. Using Visual Studio,Win32 API Programming 3. MFC Programming: App/Window & Doc/View Approaches 4. Visual Studio .NET & C#, Windows Forms, Events, Essential Structures 5. Graphics, Animation, Timers, DateTime 6. Mouse, Images, Bitmaps 7. Text, Fonts, Keyboard, Printing 8. Pages & Transformations, Menus

Assignments
? Individual ? Due

on due date, but can be turned in to CS-360 drop drawer outside CS Department any time that day or night ? 5% off for every day late
? Weekends

and holidays not included

? No

assignments accepted more than one week late work found to be copied will be grounds for an F in the course

Originality
? Any

Course Schedule (continued)

9. Controls: Buttons, Labels, TextBoxes, Scrollbars, Listboxes 10. Dialog Boxes, Common Dialog Boxes, File/Stream I/O 11. Clipboard, Multimedia 12. Network Programming, TCP/IP Sockets 13. Data Bases and ADO.NET, Web Matrix 14. XML, Web Forms, Web Controls, ASP.NET 15. ASP.NET Web Services 16. The X Window System

Introduction To GUIs and Windows Programming

User Interfaces
? Connection

Command Line Interfaces

? User

between the computer and

the user ? Two types:

? Command

Line (Visual)

? GUI--Graphical

types commands ==> must remember ? Results Scroll by ? Text-based ? Interactive but hard to use ? No direct interaction between user and screen

Visual (Graphical) Interfaces

?

Show Graphical Objects on screen

? e.g.,

Graphical Interfaces, Continued

Use graphics to organize user workspace ? Environment allows many tasks to be performed simultaneously ? Different tasks share screen space ? Visually rich way of conveying information ? WYSIWYG display of documents
?

images, icons, buttons, scroll bars

User interacts using pointing device ? Intuitive

?
? Objects

can be dragged, buttons pushed, etc....

Better way of using screen space

? Panes

can overlap panes can be brought to forefront ? Desktop metaphor (like papers on a desk)
? Underlying
? Well,

not exactly!

Main Feature of GUIs

?The Window
? Rectangular area of screen onto which a

Brief History of GUIs

1968: DARPA-funded Stanford Research Institute (Doug Engelbart ) ? First windows (screen sliced up into overlapping panes) ? Only textual information
?
? Underlying

program draws text and graphics. interacts with program using pointer device to select objects inside . ? Some window components:
? User
? border,

windows could be popped to the top

title bar, client area, menu bar, tool bars, scroll bars, max/min/close buttons, etc.

Selection done with light pen ? Invented the mouse

?

Xerox PARC--Alto Computer

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Recent History (PCs)

? ? ? ? ?

1970s First GUI Cursor tracked position of mouse WYSIWYG Windows with precise text Displayed more than just text First interactive painting program Technology acquired by Apple
?

1977: First Personal Microcomputers:

?

Radio Shack TRS-80, Commodore Pet, Apple II

Wozniak & Jobs Gates ? Book: Fire in the Valley

? Movie: Pirates

? ?

of Silicon Valley

1981: IBM PC, DOS 1983: Apple Lisa (failure) 1984: Apple Macintosh--standard for GUIs 1985: Microsoft released Windows 1.0 ? Difficult to program ? Prone to crashing ? Needed hardware not yet available 1987: Windows 2.0 1988: Windows/386 (Virtual 86 mode on 386==>multiple DOS sessions in windows)

Recent History (Microsoft)

?

Recent History (Microsoft)

?

1990: Windows 3.0

? 80x86 protected mode, up to 16 Meg memory,

1995: Windows 95
?

cooperative multitasking
?

1992: Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11

?

Ran on 4 Meg, long file names, plug and play, new controls, new desktop/window style ? Hybrid 16/32 bit OS, depended on DOS, lacked security of NT
? ?

1998: Windows 98
?

Integrated Web functionality Upgrades of 95-98-NT

? ?

TrueType fonts, multimedia, protected mode only; Networking flat memory space, 16 MB, thread-based pre-emptive multitasking, separate from DOS, multi-platform, networking, secure)

2000-present: Windows 2000, ME, XP, 2003 Server

?

1993: Windows NT
? 32-bit
?

95 ? 98 ? ME ?XP Home: for home use NT ? 2000 ? XP Pro ? 2003 Server: for businesses 64-bit capability; Fancier user interface; latest multimedia (DVD); upgraded web capabilities; improved File/directory services, improved help (remote); improved performance & security; Microsoft .NET Framework SDK built into 2003 Server.

XP, 2003 Server:

?

The Microsoft .NET Initiative (2000)

?

Microsoft .NET Framework (2000)

?

Requirements for 21 st Century Software Development:

? ?

Only software system that addresses new requirements

? ?

Windows Forms for standalone Windows applications New paradigm for Windows distributed applications
ASP.NET -- web applications and services ADO.NET -- data base integration

Internet, WWW, and Intranet - awareness Universal representation of:

? ?

software models (UML) and data (XML)

Independent of language
Applications developed in any .NET compatible language Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, J#, many more Programmers use language in which they are most competent

? ?

Enhanced security and reliability Integration of various programming languages and tools, databases, knowledge bases and networking tools into a single infrastructure Design and development of reusable software components
? ?

Architecture can exist on multiple platforms New program development process

Provides increased productivity Vision for using the Internet in software development

New way of designing & creating applications that share work between components (local and distributed over the internet) New security and reliability features

Other GUI-Windowing Systems

? ?

Course Content
?

IBM OS/2: Presentation Manager Sun Microsystems: Java

?

Microsoft Windows Visual Studio .NET

?

AWT ? Swing ? Platform independent ? JDK is free ?

The X Window System

? Developed

Using Microsoft Developer Studio (Visual Studio .NET) ? Win32 API Programming and MFC Programming using Visual C++ ? The .NET Framework: Programming Windows Forms, Web Applications, Web Services, and Data Base Applications using C#
? ?

at MIT, late 1980s graphics programming interface ? Independent of machine architecture/OS (but most used under UNIX)
? Networked

Introduction to X-Windows Programming Example programs and notes online at:

? ?

http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/~reckert/ CS-360 link

Windowing Systems Features

? Consistent
? ?

Multitasking
Every program acts like a popup ? Programs run simultaneously ? Each program occupies its own window
?
? User

user interface

Display within a window Menus to initiate program functions ? Make use of child window controls:
? ?

Programs have same look and feel Same built-in logic to: ? draw text/graphics ? display menus ? receive user input ? controls, dialog boxes, use of mouse

interacts with program in its window

User can switch between programs

Windows Multitasking Features

?

Windows Memory Management

?

Older versions: 16-bit, segmented memory

? ?

Cooperative (Windows 3.xx)

? Programs

Dictated by processor architecture Hard to program Easier to program Code swapped into and out of memory Windows OS does this automatically

must give up control so others can run ? Programs coexist with other programs
?

Newer versions: 32-bit, flat memory model

?

Preemptive (Windows NT, 95, 98, XP, 2000)

? Thread-based:

System timer allocates time slices to running program threads

As old programs terminate, new ones start

? ?

Under both systems, code is moved or swapped into and out of memory as needed

Programs can share code located in other files (Dynamic Linking)

Static vs. Dynamic Linking

? ?

Static Linking
?

Code incorporated into executable at link time Code is put into separate modules (DLLs)
?

Dynamic Linking
? ?

These are loaded at run time as needed Only that is put into executable Smaller programs

Linker generates relocation information

? ?

? ?

DLL loaded when needed Relocation info used to get DLL function code as needed

Pros/Cons of Dynamic Linking

? ?

Smaller programs (code is not in program) DLL can be used by many programs with no memory penalty
?

Only loaded once!

Disadvantages:
?

DLL must be present at run time ==> no standalone programs ? DLL Hell when new versions come out
?

Most of the Windows OS is implemented in DLLs

Device Independent Graphics

?

Windows API
Application Program Interface ? The interface between an application and Windows ? A library of functions Windows programs can call ? Several versions
?
? Win32 ? (32

Windows programs dont access hardware devices directly Make calls to generic functions within the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI) The GDI translates these into HW commands

Program

GDI

Hardware

API most important bit apps for Windows NT/95/98/XP/2000/2003)

Classical Win32 API Windows programming

? ? ? ? ? ?

Class-based Windows Programming

? ?

Use C to access raw API functions directly No C++ class library wrappers to hide API
?

But C++ compiler can be used

Hard way to go, but most basic Faster executables Provides understanding of how Windows and application program interact Establishes a firm foundation for MFC and .NET programming

? ?

Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) Microsoft .NET Framework Class Library (FCL) Borlands Object Window Library (OWL) Characteristics:
? ?

Encapsulate the API functions into classes

Provide a logical framework for building Windows applications ? Object Orientation means reusable code

MFC Library
? ? ? ? ? ?

Microsofts C++ Interface to Win32 API O-O Approach to Windows Programming Some 200 classes API functions encapsulated in the MFC Classes derived from MFC do grunt work Just add data/functions to customize app
?

Or derive your own classes from MFC classes

Provides a uniform application framework

Microsoft Visual Studio

? ?

Developer Studio IDE 3 Windows application development systems

?

Microsoft .NET Framework

?

What is it?
? ?

C/C++ programs using Win32 API ? C++ programs using MFC ? Multilanguage program development using .NET Framework Class Library & the CLR
?

A platform to run code on Multiple language compilers ? Common Language Runtime (CLR)
?

Compiler, execution management, much more

Some Developer Studio IDE Components

? ?

Text/Resource Editors C, C++, C#, Visual Basic, J#, etc. Language Compilers ? Resource Compilers ? Linker ? Debugger ? Wizards ? On-line Help
?

A class library of code that can be used from any language (FCL) ? Must be installed to run .NET applications
?

You can get it and Visual Studio free from the Watson School Microsoft Academic Alliance
?

Its huge!

Details later

.NET Framework
? ?

Platform for developing distributed applications for the Internet Design Goals:
? ?

Components of .NET Framework

? ?

Provide high degree of language interoperability Provide a managed runtime environment ? Provide simple software deployment & versioning ? Provide high-level code security through code access security & strong type checking ? Provide consistent object-oriented programming model ? Facilitate application communication by using industry standards such as SOAP & XML ? Simplify Web development with ASP .NET ? Facilitate Data Base access with ADO .NET ? Provide high performance and easy scalability

Language compilers The .NET Framework Class Library (FCL)

? ?

Organized into namespaces (like packages in Java) Handle things like: Data, IO (simple & file), Windows Forms, Web Forms, Windows Controls, User Interfaces, Drawing, Threading, Exceptions, Networking, Web Services, Data Bases (ADO), XML, ASP, Security, Collections, lots of others

? ? ?

Common Type System (CTS) Common Language Specification (CLS) Common Language Runtime (CLR)

.NET Architecture

Compilation in the .NET Framework

.NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime

?

Why two compilations?

?

Platform independence
? ? ? ?

.NET Framework can be installed on different platforms Execute .NET programs without any modifications to code E.g., Mono: A .NET Development System Project for LINUX Microsoft SSCLI (Rotor) free academic version of .NET .NET programs not tied to a particular language Programs may consist of several .NET-compliant languages Old and new components can be integrated

Sequential Programming versus Event-driven Programming

Language independence
? ? ?

Other advantages of CLR

?

Execution-management features
?

Manages memory, security and other features

Relieves programmer of many responsibilities More concentration on program logic

Sequential Programming (Console Applications)

?

Event-Driven Programming
? ? ? ? ? ?

? ?

Standard programming--program solicits input (polling loop) Approach follows a structured sequence of events Example--averaging grades:
? ? ?

Input name Input first grade

Input second grade ? Input third grade, etc.

? ?

Calculate average Output average

Designed to avoid limitations of sequential, procedure-driven methodologies OS processes user actions (events) as they happen: non-sequential Program doesnt solicit input OS detects an event has happened (e.g.., theres input) and sends a message to the program Program then acts on the message Messages can occur in any order

Sequential vs. Event-Driven Programming

?

Standard Sequential programming:

? ?

Program does something & user responds Program controls user

?

the tail wags the dog

Event-Driven Programming:
? ?

Used by Windows User does something and program responds ? User can act at any time ? User controls program
?

the dog wags the tail

OS really is in control (coordinates message flow to different applications) ? Good for apps with lots of user intervention