Syllabus Structural Engg
Syllabus Structural Engg
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* The candidates will opt for one of these electives in I, II, III semesters so as not to opt for the elective paper more than once.
t
MCS-101
LT P/D Total 31
-.f n
T'heory:
1.
Stiffness Method (systems Approach): Basis of stiffness method, Degrees of freedom, Force-displacement relationships, Nodal stiffness.
method, Application to various types of structures.
Introduction to Element Approach: Member stiffness matrix, Local or Member co-ordinate system, Global or Structural co-ordinate system, Rotation of axes etc, Structure stiffness matrix.
problem, Energy methods, buckling of axially loaded members for different end conditions, Concept of effective length, approximate techniques, Stability analysis of beam-column and frames.
5.
Plastic Analysis: Concept of Limit load analysis, Upper and lower bonds. plastic analysis of beams and multi-storey frames using mechanism method. Linear Analysis: Introduction to geometric and material non-linearity.
6. Non
Books recommended:
L. 2. 3.
Przemieniecki, f.S., 'Theory of Matrix Structure Analysis', Tata McGraw Hill Book Co" Martin, H.C. ' Introduction to Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis' McGraw Flill Book Co. Meghre & Deshmukh, 'Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis' charotar Publishing House, Anand.
4. Pandit &
Gupta, Matrix Analysis of Structures, Tata McGraw Hill Publications (2003). Iyengar, N.G.R., Elastic stability of Structural
Elements, Macmillan India Ltd [1980]. 5. Gere, G. M. and Weaver, Ir. W., Matrix Analysis of Framed Structures, CBS Publishers (1,987).
6.
McCormac, I. C.& Nelson, f. K., Structural Analysis: A Classical and Matrix Approach, )ohn Wiley and Sons (L997).
t-
MCS-102
LT P/D Total 31 -4
l.YieldLineTheory:Assumptions,Iocationofyieldlines,methodsofanalysis, slabs'
two way analysis of one way and
'
ralent
2.FlatslalxLimitationsofDirectDesignMethod,shearinflatslabs,equtl
in flat slabs' frame method' oPening
3.Redistributionofmomentsinbeam:conditionsformoment
redistribution,singlespanbeams,multi.spanbeamsanddesignofsections. as per British and aurign ty ls-a56' Design thickness, minimum +. Deep Beam: with holes' to behavior American practice' beam classification according wall, *r. ,t of 5. Shear. walls: .irrriri.r,ion flanged shear wall' and
and design
ttto"gular
on ioints' strength
T.Computationofdeflectionandcrack-width:shorttermandlongterm
deflectionofbeamandslab,calculationofdeflectionaSperls-456,Factors
effecting.,u.t.widthinbeams,calculatibnofcrackwidthinbeams,
calculationofcrackwidthaSperls-456,shrinkageandthermalcracking.
Books recommended:
2.tain'A'K'tfqq!)'iRtinforcedConcreteLimitStateDesign'NemChand&Bros'
Roorkee'
n^^i,'
3'KrishnaRalutlgB.gl,.AdvancedReinforcedConcreteI)esign,,C.B'S.
Fundameni'it:ll"r""
I
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MCS-103
Structural Dynamics
ftl
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\,
LT P/D Total 31 -4
Theory:
1..
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I\a
F.r
Single Degree Of Freedom System: analysis for free and forced vibration,
Duhamels integral, Damping
F.
excitation, Response
to
l'"
l.f
F..
l'.
+-t
lF. l-
Multi degree of freedom: equation of motion, equation of structural property matrices, problem statement and solution methods, free vibration, forced
harmonic vibration, damped motion
for
+'.
f=.
I I |il ra
:.
Books recommended:
t. CloughandPenzien"DynamicsofStructures'McGrawHillBookco'
2
t
!{
3.
GlenV'Berg,,ElementofStructuralDynamic,,PrenticeHall,EngewoodCliffs,
n.
::"r.,
L. Rogers,
New York'
I
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rf
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ra ra
MCS-104
L T P/D Total
44
Sessional:
4:/ z'a
Duration:
List of experiments/assignments
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3 liours
as
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5. 6.
7
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To determine the modulus of elasticity of concrete. 9 Effect of replacement of fly ash on properties of concrete. L0' Testing of structurar steer reinforcement and steel sections.
8.
I
I.
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MCS-z01
Deisign
of Bridges
Max. Marks: 100 50 Sessional: 40 Duration: 3 Hours
L
3
T P/D Total
14
Theory:
1.
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!
Types of bridges super structure: introduction and types, temporary bridge superstructures, military bridges, other temporary bridges, permanent bridges, R.c.c. bridges, pre-stressed concrete bridges, steel
bridges, movable steel bridges.
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h.
2. Consideration of loads and stress in road bridges: introduction, loads, forces and stresses, dead loads, bridge loading as per relevant IRC and IRS specifications, traffic lanes, foot way, kerb, railing and parapet loading, impact, wind load, Iongitudinal forces, Temperature effects, secondary stresses, erection stresses, earth pressure, effect of live load on backfill and on the abutment. 3. Design oF R.c. Bridges: Slab culvert, box curvert, pipe culvert, T-beam bridge superstructure, design examples, brief introduction to rigid frame, arch and bow string girder bridges. 4. Design of prestressed concrete bridges: Pre-[ensioned and post tensioned concrete bridges, analysis and design of multi lane pre stressed concrete 'I-beam bri dge superstructure. 5. Pier, Abutment and wing walls: Introduction, types of piers, design of
piers, forces
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6.
0n piers, stability, abutments, bridge code provisions for abutments, wing walls, design examples. Bearings: Introduction, function of bearings, bearings for steel bridges
and concrete
bridges, bearings
for
bearings, fixed bearings, expansion bearings, materials and specifications, permissible stresses in bearings, design consideration for rocker and
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T.Foundations:Typesoffoundationsandgeneraldesigncriteria,designof
well and piers and abutments' Pile foundations for
ryl
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t.
Books recommended:
I
E
Oxfola tUU of bridge Engineering' I D.J','Essential Victor, 1 Design' C'R' Books Ltd" London' bridge Z Rower, R'E','Concrete Pub' Co'' New Delhi' of bridges; Oxford & IBH N'';""gt Raju, 3 Krishna Ed" 4KrishnaRalu,N..PrestressedConcrete,TataMcGrawHill,NewDelhi. Simplified'McGraw Hill lnt' nrulyrit L.c,',Bridg. 5 Bakht, B and |aeger, New Delhi'
Pub'Co
MCS-202
LT P/D Total 31 -4
Theory:
1,
Introduction to Limit States: Introduction, standardization, allowable stress design limit state design, partial safety factors, concept of section
;{*f
classification: Plastic, compact, semi-compact & slender' of 2. Columns: Basic concepts, strength curve for an ideal strut, strength column member in practice, effect of eccentricity of applied loading, effect of residual Stresses, concept of effective lengths, no sway & sway columns, torsional and torsional flexural buckling of column, Robertson design curve, modification to Robertson approach, design of column using Robertson & 3. Laterally restrained beams: Flexural& shear behavior, web buckling crippling, effect of local buckling in laterally restrained plastic or
approach.
web
of 4. Unrestrained beam: Similarity of column buckling & lateral buckling beams lateral torsional buckling of symmetric section, factor affecting
+. ah.
&.
*.
+. +. li"
*.
of
cautilever beams'
+" :qrr
continuous beam' and 5. Beam columns: Short & Iong beam columnl effect of slenderness ratio axial force on modes of failure, beam column under biaxial berrding, strength of beam column, local section failure & overall member failure' and 6. Beam subiected to torsion and bending: Introduction, pure torsion warping, combined bending and torsion, capacity check, buckling checl<, design method for lateral torsional buckling' 7. Connection design: Complexities of steel connections, type of connection' connection design philosophies, welded and bolted connection: truss connection, portal frame connection, beam& column splices, beam to beam
and beam to column connections.
Books recommended: Teaching resource for Structural Steel Design Vol, 1 to 3, Institute for steel development & growth (INSDAG), Calcutta. Morsis L.|., Plum, D.R "Structural Steel Work Design".
2 3 4 5
Yu,W,W.,"Cold Formed Steel Structures Design". Arya A.S. and Ajmani, |.L., "Design of Steel Structures". Sihna D.A. "Design of Steel Structures".
fl r,
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MCS-203
T
{
31 -
L T PID Total
4
Theory:
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Elements: Introduction, Direct formulation of finite element characteristics, Energy approach, Convergence criteria, Displacement functions '*,ith discontinuity between elements" Solution bounds, Extension of variational approach.
Introduction
to Finite
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Plane Stress and Plane Strain: lntroduction, Element characteristics, Assessment of acourac\,. Some practical applications.
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Sonre Improved Elements in 2-D Problems: lntroduction, Quadrilateral elernent, Charicteristics clerived from triangular elements, Conforming shape functions for a rectangle. Conforming shape functions for an arbitrary quadrilateral, Triangular element with size nodes.
Nodes I)imensional Stress Analysis: Introduction, Teffahedral element characteristics, Composite elements with eight nodes, Improved displacement functions an element with eight arbitrary nodes, Tetrahedral element with ten nodes, lntroduction to rectangular elements.
Quadrilateral elements, Conforming functions for quadrilateral elements, Plate-bending elements. Introduction to non-linear Analysis-Material non-linearity and Performance non-linearity.
rt
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Books recommended:
1'Bhavikatis.S.,..FiniteElementAnalysis,,NewAgelnternationalPublishers, :A
I i' r":,1Y:::.::.]i'.i'J;i:fl:t"##ethod il:[ruYfllu]'" Arrlyrls, cBS Publisher (2005) Method For En_gineer,"g
',
3. "
Numerical
o.c. Zienk,.*r., a
n,r,. r-rvro-.,';il;-
Firit.
.t.r.,t
methodr" Butterworth
n
5.
IU'-:;Ut}:',i?*X:l':* [i:f:""'te
1rooal
.,r:-:!^ Analvsis, Theory and programming"' Analysis' "Finite Element ".ramoht Krishnamoorthy' C.S. Tata McGraw Hill' [1994)'
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MCs-204
L T P/D Total
44
100
3 llours
tl|
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1. Analysis and design of Multi-storey building frames using srAAD. pro., sAp,
Ansys
2.
Analysis and design of Elevated water Tank using STAAD.pro., sAp, Ansys
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Ansys
4. Analysis and design of steel trusses using STAAD-Pro., SAp, Ansys
hr
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Books recommended:
1.
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MCs.3OlEarthquakeAnalysisandDesignofStructures
LT P/D Total 31 -4
Max. Marks: 100 60 Sessional: 40 Duration: 3 Hours
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Theory:
1. Engineering seismology:
magnitude Basic terms, seismic waves' earthquake dynamic response of structures, normalized
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responsespectra,seismiccoefficientsandseismiczonecoefficients. moment' centre of mass and 2. Torsion and Rigidity: Rigid diaphragms, torsional centre of rigidity, torsional effects' with rigid floor 3. Lateral Anarysis of Building systems: Laterar load distribution walls, lateral stiffness of shear diaphragms, moment resisting frames, shear walls, shear-wall frame combination' Examples' of seismic design, 4. Concept of Earthquake Resistant Design: obiectives modification factor' response ductility, hysteric response & energy dissipation, of structural system' IS codal hesign speclum, capacity design, llassification
T
T
provisionsforseismicdesignofstructures,multistoreyedbuildings'design ductile detailing of RCC criteria, P-A effects, storey drift, design examples,
structures.
ntl hl
strengthening
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Books recommended:
.-
4.
5'
Engineering' Prentice Flall, India. Clough & Penzien, 'Dynamic of Structures, McGraw Hill Co, Paz, M.,'lnternational Handbook of Earthquake Engineering,, chapman & Hall, Newyork. IS 1893-1-984 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, B.l.S., New Delhi. lS 4326-1993 Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings, B.l.S., New Delhi.
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MCS.4O1
ril
L T P/D Total
31-
Theory:
na F.
ra
.ql
t. Prestressing System and Losses of Prestress: Introduction, various systems of prestressing, types of losses and their analysis.
2.
hr
ril
ra ra
3.
Working Stress Design of Simple Beams: Critical load conditions; ailowable stresses; Flexural design criteria; axially prestressed members; design of prestressing cable for a given cross-section; design procedure based on flexure,
design by load balancing method and multiple stage prestressing.
Continuous Beams: Analysis of two span beam. analysis of two span beam with eccentricities at outer supports; continuous beams with variable section: design of
continuous beanr.
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{
4.
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Limit State Design of Beams: Limit state of strengh in flexure. shear anC torsion: permissible stresses. Limit state of sen'iceabilitl against detlectioncracking and durabilitl': Design of simpll' supported and continuous beams. Limit State Design of partiallv pre-stressed Beams. \,loment Capaci4' of rectangular and flanged section: design for shear and sen'iceabilitl'.
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5.
Bond and Anchorage of prestressing cables: bond in pre-tensioned and posttensioned construction, prestressing cable at centroidal axis; symmetric multiple cables causing axial thrust: cable eccentricitl: inclined prestressing cabie. spalling
stresses. end zone reinforcement.
Books recommended:
2. 3.
l.
N. Krishna Raju, Prestressed Concrete, Tata-McGraw Hill- Delhi. P. Dayaratram, prestressed Concrete Structures. Oxford & IBH Co.. Delhi. Jain & Jai Krishna, Plain & Reinforced Concrete, Vol-ll. Nem Chan<i &
Co., Roorkee.
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Concrete, Bureau of
MCS-402
LT P/D Total 31 -4
Theory:
events , set theory, sample points and sample spaces, laws of probability, total probability theorem, Baye's rule, random variables-discrete and continuous, jointly distributed discrete
continuous variables, functions of random variables, moments and expectations, common probability distribution-normal, lognormal, gamma
and beta distributions, external distributions.
2. Resistance Distribution and Parameters: Statistics of properties of concrete and steel, statistics of strength of bricks and mortar,
characterization reliability.
of
on specified
3.
Probabilistic Analysis of Loads: Loads as a stochastic process, dead load, stastical analysis of live loads-maximum sustained load intensity model,
maximum total load model, wind load-probability model for wind load.
Structural Reliability: General expression for reliability, expression for probility of failure, reliability when strength[S) and load (L) follow normal
distribution, lognormal distribution, exponential distribution, extreme value distributions, F.O.S corresponding to a given reliability
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variabres and fairure surface, first-order second moment methods-Hasofer and Li;;,; method, disributions' non_normal determinnation of reliability index beta of structurar erements.
Methods: Basic
7'
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8'
ii
*' ol'II
cri teri
"0,,,,i
sarety
Reriabiriry of srructurar system: ,,rr.,:.T reriabiriry, modering of srtucturar systems, bounds on system reriability, ,ui#rti. generation of a mechanisms' reriabirity
anarysis of R.c.c and steer frames.
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t
na fra
Books recommencled:
L,
2. 3. 4.
il::ililT,|i ;i I : i?;
Rao, S'S.
l'"',,;,1 "'
A n a Ivs i s a n
Des
gn o r S t r u c t u r e s, ra ta
[.e
nr
f,{)
lil'
(1992),'Reriability Based Design,McGraw Hi1 co. New york Ghosh' D'L[1gBgJ,'A primer ornetiaiitity Theory,, Iorrn *,,., New york *.i,, n,, i tv s,,si n ng',1 o l, n wi r ey, ];"1 X ffi :;" "''o " ".i
f,'r'fi';:
s
{ {
MCS-403
Composite Materials
Max" Marks: 100
ha
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{
L T P/D Total
311.
Theory:
60 3 Hours
Sessional: 40
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ra ra
Duration:
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Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Properties of Constituent Materials, Mix Proportions, Mixing and Casting Procedures, Properties of Freshly mixed FRC, Mechanics and properties of Fibre reinforced concrete, Composite Material approach, Application of fibre reinforced concrete'
rt
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impregnated concrete.
4. Ferro Cement: Constituent materials and their properties, Mechanical properties of ferro cement, Construction techniques and application of ferro
cement. 5. High Performance Concrete: Materials for high performance concrete, Supplementary cementing materials, Properties and durability of high performance concrete, Introduction to silica fume concrete, Properties and
r.
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7. Light Weight Concrete: Properties of light weight concretes, Pumice concrete, Aerated cement mortars, No fines concrete, Design and applications of
MCS-404
LT P/D Total 31 -4
Theory:
1". Principles of Planning of rall Buildings: Technological planning, Mechanical systems, Fire rating,local considerations, Structures elements, Types of structural systems for tall buildings, Shear Walls and their arrangement. 2. Loads on Tall Buildings: Gravity loads, Live loads, Wind loads and seismic loading, Code Provisions, Discussion of relevant codes of practices and loading standards. 3. Analysis of Tall Buildings (With and Without Shear Walls): Approximate analysis for gravity loads, Lateral loads, Analysis of tube-in-tube constructional ancl 3-Dimensional analysis of shear core buildings, Stability, Sfiffness and fatigue, Factor of safety and load factor. 4. Design of Tall Buildings: Procedures of elastic design, Ultimate strength design and Limit state design of super structures including structural connections, soil structure interaction.
Books recommended:
Structural Analysis and design of Tall Buildings by Tara Nath trungale 2. Advances in tallbuildings by Beedle L.S. 3. Analysis of Shear walled buildings 4. Design of multistory reinforced concrete buildings for earthquake motion by I.A. Blume, N.M. Newmark.
1.
fi
MCS-405
L
3
Rehabilitation of Structures
4
T P/D Total
1.L'
Theory:
Sessional: 40
Duration:
3 Hours
2.
cracking.
- strength, permeabiliry thermal properties and cracking. - Effects due to climate, temperature, chemicals, corrosion - design and construction errors - Effects of cover thickness and
Maintenance and repair strategies: Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation, Facets of Maintenance, importance of Maintenance various aspects of Inspection, Assessment procedure for evaluating a damaged structure, causes of distress and deterioration of concrete- Evaluation of existing buildings through field investigations, Seismic evaluation of existing buildings Serviceability and durability of concrete: Quality assurance for concrete
Shotcrete, Epoxy injection, Mortar repair for cracks, shoring and underpinning - Methods of corrosion protection, corrosion inhibitors,
Special concretes and mortar, concrete chemicals, special elements for accelerated strength gain, Expansive cement, polymer concrete, sulphur infiltrated concrete, ferro cenrent, Fibre reinforced concrete. Rust eliminators and polymers coating for rebars during repair, foamed concrete, mortar and dry pack, vacuDm concrete, Gunite and
to overcome low member strength, Deflection, cracking, chemical disruption, weathering corrosion, wear, fire, leakage and marine exposure - Special techniques for structural Retrofitting (Bracing, Shear walls, Base isolation
etc).
building components.
- case studies Case Studies on Restoration of fire damaged buildings, case study on repairs and strengthening corrosion damaged buildings; Case study on use of composite fibre wraps for strengthening of
-
for Dilapidated
s
I o ir a
a a a e a
:
'o
Books recommended: 1. Denison Campbell, Allen and Harolrt pnn^_ n^.ol d Roper, Mai ntena n.J, concrete str,uctu res, Materr a i s, Longrrn scientific and Tech: 2. R.T. Alten ana.s l"fr,., S'c' EdwardslRepair qeel) ste structures' Blakie "r and Sons, UK, 3. M. s. shetty, concroto rechnolosv To^L-^,- - Theory and practice, s. chand and company, |r.^* 4. Santhakumar, A.R., Training Cours
t i[],^;:::ts,jrn (1,s87)
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;.ilj;ii;il:*te
R
Service
,l',',Timen,andreparsin
De
Fij;t;.ii,::?:t:,':?,:i;11tr:;f 7. Lakshmipathy,
of M. et al.
it;i:t3,fl
:il::fJ::il,r";;;"
I I a a
t
MCS-406
L
3
T P /D Total
1-
Theory:
a
a a a
1. 2, 3.
o a
4.
Introduction of Programming Language 'C'. Error analysis, significant digits, inherent errors, numerical errors, absolute and relative error, error propagation, conditioning & stability. Solution of linear simultaneous equation, direct and iterative algorithms based on Gauss elimination, Gauss ]ordan method, Gauss Seidel method. Numerical solution to non-linear system of equations, bisection method, false position method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, fixed point
method,
Lagrange
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* backward differences. 6- Numerical differentiation by forward difference quotient. Central difference quotient, Richardson extrapolation and numerical integration by Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's L/3 rule, Romberg integration, Gaussian integration. 7. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation by Taylor series method, Euler's method, Runge-kutta method, picard's method, Heun's method,
Polygon method.
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Books recommended:
7.
Terrence f.Akai,'Numerical Methods', fohn Wiley & sons Inc,Singapore,L994. Method of Numerical Analysis', pHI pvt.
3. 4. 5. 6.
H.c saxena,'Finite Differences and Numerical', s.chand & co.Delhi ,2001,. Baron M.L & salvadori M.G., 'Numerical Methods in Engineering,, pHI pvt. Ltd.,1963. curtis F.Gerald & Patricks.o.wheately, 'Applied Numerical Analysis,, gth Ed.,Addison Wesley,1,994. Balagurusamy E.,'Numerical Methods', TMH pub.Co.Ltd.,Z0Ol.
MCS-407
L
3
T P /D Total
1-
Theory:
1. Plane Stress &Plane strain: Plane stress, plane strain, stress and strain at a point. Differential equations of equilibrium, constitutive relations: anisotropic materials, yield criterion, flow rule, boundary conditions, compatibility equation
,stress function.
3 .Two-Dimensional problems in polar coordinates: general equations in polar coordinates, pure bending of curved bars, displacements for symmetrical stress distribufions, bending of curved bar, distribution in plates with circular holes, stress
in a circular disc, general solution.
4. Analysis of stress &strains in three Dimensions: Principal stress and strain, shearing stresses and strains ,elementary equations, compatibility conditions, problems of elasticity involving pure bending of prismatic bars.
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Books recommended:
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1.. Timoshenko ,S'P.', Theory of Elasticity" 2. Timoshenko ,S;P, Theory of Elatsic Stability" 3. Lyenger N.G.R..; Structural Stability of Columns &Plates'
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Theory:
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1' Introduction to Expert system: Knowledge representation, Structure of an expert system, organization and representation of knowledge in an expert system, basic activities of an expert system, Expert system shelrs, development of a an expert system in civil engg.
2' Introduction to Artificial Neutral Network: Feed-forward and Feed-backward network, Neutral network learning rules.
3. Perceptrons and the LMS AJgorithm: Rosen blatt,s perceptron, Definition, Lineir seperability of training patterns, Percepffon learning Algorithms, Derivation of the Perceprron algorithm as Gradient Descent, The perceptron convergence Theorem, The Widrow-Holf LMS Algorirhm,.
4' Multilayer Networks: Exact and approximate representation using Feed forward Networks, Fixed-Multilayer Feed forward network Training by Backpropagation.
5' Complexity of Learning Using Feed forward wetwork Generalizability of learning, VC dimension and generalizabilty, Sufficent conditions for valid generalizability in Feef forward Networks, discussion and ways to improve generalizabilt, space complexity of feed forward networks, order of a function and the complexity of a network. 6. Recurrent Network: Symmetric networks and associative Memory, Bi_ directional Associative Memory, Analog Hopfield networks, simulated Annealing in optimization.
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7' Introduction to Fuzzy logic: Statistics and random processes, Uncertainty in Information.
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8, Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets: Classical sets, operation on classical sets, properties of classical sets, Mapping of classical sets to functions, Fuzzy sets, fuzzy set operations, properties ofFuzzy sets, sets as points in Hypercubes"
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9. Classical Relations and Fuzzy Relations: Cartesian product, crisp relations, Cardinality of crisp relations, properties of crisp relations, composition, fuzzy relations, Cardinality of fuzzy relations, operations on fuzzy relations, cardinality of fuzzy relations, operations on fuzzy relations, properties of fuzzy relations and equivalence relations, Value Assignments.
Books recommended:
1,
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Zurada, f.M. Introduction to Artificial Neural Network system, "faico publicating house.
2. Haykin,S,'ANN a comprehensive 3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
company, New York. Bose, N.K and Liang, P..'Neural Network Fundamentals with Graphs, Algorithms and Applications..'Tata McGraw Hill. Ross, |. Timothy.' Fuzzy logic with engineering Applications. McGraw Hill. Asai, k.' Fuzzy systems for information processing."lOS press. fackson, p.'lntroduction to expert. Addison Wesley. Clocksin and Mellish.'programming in prolog. Spqinger verlag
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LT P/D Total 31 -4
Theory:
Duration:
1' services in Residentiar, commercial and Medicar bu,dings -.r,n
Sessional: 40
3 Hours
(A) sanitation, water supply, electric wiring, *r,.r disposal, Iighting & illumination, calculation ,utf,ods for these services. (B) Air conditioning & ventilation: Natural ventilation,
contror cooring systems, air conditioning, ducting svstems, different mechanicar
means
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(c)
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of
thermal for air conditioned interior spaces, working out air conditioning loads for different spaces. [E) Fire Safety Dye.
2' Architecturar contrors and buirding byelaws: Rore orourrrrr* byeraws in a city, local byeraws and architecturar contrors, fagade contror and zoning prans.
(D) Thermal Insulation: Behavior of various building materiars & conductivity' Thermal insulation
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