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Line Coding Schemes

The document discusses different types of line coding schemes used in digital communications systems. It introduces line coding as the process of converting digital data to digital waveforms for transmission over a channel. The main types of line coding discussed are polar, unipolar, and bipolar coding schemes. Bipolar coding is identified as the most efficient scheme as it has single error correction capability, zero power spectral density at DC, and requires less transmission bandwidth than polar or unipolar coding.

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Engr Jawad Ali
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303 views17 pages

Line Coding Schemes

The document discusses different types of line coding schemes used in digital communications systems. It introduces line coding as the process of converting digital data to digital waveforms for transmission over a channel. The main types of line coding discussed are polar, unipolar, and bipolar coding schemes. Bipolar coding is identified as the most efficient scheme as it has single error correction capability, zero power spectral density at DC, and requires less transmission bandwidth than polar or unipolar coding.

Uploaded by

Engr Jawad Ali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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LINE CODING SCHEMES

Ali Nawaz Ranjha REG ID: CIIT/DDP-FA10-BTE-008/LHR


Jawad Ali REG ID: CIIT/DDP-FA10-BTE-022/LHR
Saad Hameed REG ID: CIIT/DDP-FA10-BTE-046/LHR
Usman Naseer REG ID: CIIT/DDP-FA10-BTE-053/LHR

Submitted to
Sir Saad Aslam

Department of Electrical Engineering


COMSATS-LANCASTER Dual Degree Program
COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
LAHORE – PAKISTAN
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
• Introduction
• Mathematical and Block Diagrams
• Applications
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
What is line Coding?
• In a digital communications system, an information
signal must be formatted so that it is represented by
digital symbols (usually binary digits or bits).
• In baseband digital transmission, the electrical
waveforms used are pulses and this conversion from
digital data to digital waveforms is known as line
coding.
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
Why line Coding?

• To transmit information over the channel.


INTRODUCTION (cont.)
Types of line coding
DESIRABLE PROPERTIES
• Transmission bandwidth should be as small as
possible.
• For given bandwidth and specified detection error
rate ,the transmitted power should be as low as
possible.
• Error detection and correction capability should be
as high as possible. Bipolar scheme only detects
errors.
• Zero power spectral density at dc null so that A.C
coupling can be used for transmission.
MATHEMATICAL AND BLOCK
DIAGRAMS
MATHEMATICAL AND BLOCK
DIAGRAMS (cont.)

Polar:-
MATHEMATICAL AND BLOCK
DIAGRAMS (cont.)

Uni-Polar:-
MATHEMATICAL AND BLOCK
DIAGRAMS (cont.)

Bi-Polar:-
MATHEMATICAL AND BLOCK
DIAGRAMS (cont.)
APPLICATIONS

• LAN’s (Local Area Networks)

• Scrambling and Descrambling

• Error Detection
PROS AND CONS
Polar :-
• The essential bandwidth of the signal is 2 Rb. Not
bandwidth efficient.
• No error-detection or error-correction capability.
• Non-zero PSD at dc( ω = 0).This will rule out the use of ac
coupling in transmission.
• Most efficient scheme from the power requirement
viewpoint for a given power, the detection-error
probability for a polar scheme is the smallest possible.
• Transparent(Bit pattern does not affect the accuracy of
timing information).
PROS AND CONS (cont.)

Uni-Polar :-
• For a given transmitted power, it is less immune to
noise interference. Noise immunity difference of
amplitudes representing binary 0 and 1.If a pulse of
amplitude 1 or –1, as only one pulse is used so less
noise immunity.
• Not transparent.
• No error detection capability & non-zero PSD at DC
NULL.
PROS AND CONS (cont.)
Bi-Polar :-
• Spectrum has a dc dull.
• Bandwidth is not excessive.
• It has single-error-detection capability. Since, a single
detection error a violation of the alternation pulse
rule.
• Requires twice as much power as a polar signaling.
Distinction between A, -A, 0 vs. Distinction between
A/2, -A/2
• Not transparent
CONCLUSION

In terms of the desirable properties of line codes, the


most efficient line code is Bi-polar as it has
1). Single Error Correction Capability
2). Zero power spectral density at DC NULL
3). Less transmission bandwidth is required in case of
bipolar compared to the cases of polar and unipolar.
Typically, Rb hertz as compared to 2Rb hertz.
REFERENCES
• Prof. Murat Torlak, “Digital Transmission”, Telecom. Switching
&Transmission,http://www.utdallas.edu/~torlak/courses/ee4367/le
ctures/CodingI.pdf
• Jrahhal, “codigoslinea”
http://fetweb.ju.edu.jo/staff/EE/jrahhal/PDF/codigoslinea.pd
• Dr. Shi, “Line Codes” ,Chapter 7, New Jersey Institute of Technology
• Honary, Bahram, “Cryptography and Coding”, 8th IMA International
Conference Cirencester, UK, December 17-19, 2001
• Morais, “Fixed Broadband Wireless Communications: Principles And
Practical Applications”, Pearson Education India

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