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The Global Achievement Gap

Tony Wagner, Co-Director Change Leadership Group


Harvard University, Graduate School of Education [email protected] www.gse.harvard.edu/clg www.schoolchange.org

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University

The formulation of the problem is often more essential than the solution. Einstein

If it aint broke, dont fix it!

What is the crisis in the American education really all aboutwhats the problem?

School reform is just another fad.

Their schools are the problem, not ours!

Incremental change is the only way to go

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University

The New Educational Challenges: The Rock & The Hard Place
The Rock: NEW SKILLS for Work, Continuous Learning & Citizenship in a knowledge society for ALL STUDENTS
Convergence of skills needed for careers, college, citizenship Students lacking skills relegated to marginal employment & citizenship

The Hard Place: The Net Generation is differently motivated to learn Re-Framing the Problem: Reform vs. Reinvention
We do not know how to teach ALL students NEW skills. This is a new education challenge that requires development of new accountability structures, different ways of teaching and testing, and new ways of working together and with our students.
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 3

The Seven Survival Skills for Careers, College, And Citizenship

1. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving 2. Collaboration Across Networks and Leading by Influence 3. Agility and Adaptability 4. Initiative and Entrepreneurialism 5. Effective Oral and Written Communication 6. Accessing and Analyzing Information 7. Curiosity and Imagination
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 4

What is The Global Achievement Gap?

The Global Achievement Gap is the gap between what even our best schools are teaching and testing Versus The skills all students will need for careers, college, and citizenship in the 21st century

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University

How Do We Stack Up to the Competition?

LITERACY PISA Reading Literacy: 15th out of 29 OECD countries PISA Problem-solving: 24th out of 29 PISA Science Literacy: 21st out of 30 PISA Math Literacy: 25th out of 30 COLLEGE COMPLETION 1995: U.S. College completion rate was number 1 in the world 2005: We had dropped to 13th in the world 1 out of 2 students who starts college never completes a degree
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 6

What Motivates The Net Generation?


Accustomed to instant gratification and always-on connection Use the web for 1) extending friendships, 2) interestdriven, self-directed learning, and 3) as a tool for selfexpression Constantly connected, creating, and multitasking in a multimedia worldeverywhere except in school Less fear and respect for authorityaccustomed to learning from peers; want coaching, but only from adults who dont talk down to them Want to make a difference and do interesting/worthwhile work
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 7

Meeting The New Education Challenges: From Education 2.0 to Education 3.0
From narrow focus on Timeless Learning (academic content that has stood the test of time):
Rigor is content mastery (getting more right answers) Studying existing content by disciplines Learners working alone & in competition Motivated mainly by extrinsic rewards (grades) Taught by isolated content experts through memorization/recall Assessed mainly by multiple choice, computer scored tests Rigor is figuring out the right question/problem to be solved Exploring new problems within & across disciplines Learners working in teams Motivated more by intrinsic rewards (pride in mastery, contributing) Taught by teamed coaches through exploration/discovery Assessed through auditing strategies, digital portfolios, & exhibitions of mastery (merit badges)
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 8

To mastering the competencies of Just-in-Time Learning

The Three Cornerstones of School Re-Invention


1. Holding Ourselves Accountable for What Matters Most AYP versus Attainmenttrack % of students graduating persisting with post-secondary (National Student Clearinghouse) Use The College and Work Readiness Assessment to assess analytic reasoning, critical thinking, problem-solving, and writing video focus groups with recent grads 2. Doing the New Work: teaching & testing the skills that matter most Start with the 3 Cs: Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaborationin every class and at all grade levels Require all students to do internships and group service projects 3. Doing the New Work in New Ways Every teacher on teams for collaborative inquiry Video teaching, supervision, and meetings Every student has an adult advocate for his/her success
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 9

Some Action Items for State Leaders

Business and Education Leaders need to help policy makers and the public understand the difference between content vs. performance standards and assessments (timeless learning vs. just-in-time learning) Lobby for performance standards to license and re-certify educators: teachers as assembly line workers vs. knowledge workers (teacher portfolios with videos of instruction, samples of student work, assignments, etc.) Fund development of R & D by creating model schools pictures of what 21st century schooling can belike New Tech High and High Tech High in San Diegoand videotape exemplary lessons and teacher team meetings.
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner, Harvard University 10

For more information: www.schoolchange.org

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University

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For Still More Information . . .

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University

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And More Still . . .

Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University

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Resources
The College and Work Readiness Assessment http://www.cae.org/content/pro_collegework.htm Problem-Solving For Tomorrows World, PISA 2003 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/25/12/34009000.pdf Other PISA tests: www.pisa.oecd.org ETS ISkills Test www.ets.org/iskills Towards a More Comprehensive Conception of College Readiness by David Conley http://www.gatesfoundation.org/nr/downloads/ed/researchevaluatio n/CollegeReadinessPaper.pdf How the Worlds Best-Performing School Systems Come Out on Top http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/socialsector/resources/pdf/ Worlds_School_Systems_Final.pdf National Student Clearinghouse http://studentclearinghouse.org/highschools/default.htm
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University 14

Resources
High Tech High website (videos, curriculum, digital portfolios) http://www.hightechhigh.org/ Coalition of Essential Schools website (videos, workshops, other resources) http://www.essentialschools.org/
Francis Parker Essential School (7-12) www.parker.org Mission Hill School (k-8) www.missionhillschool.org

Catalina Foothills 21st century skills overview http://www.cfsd16.org/public/_century/centMain.aspx


Mary Jo Conery, Assistant Superintendent for 21st Century Learning, Catalina Foothills School District, 2101 E. River Road, Tucson, Arizona 85718, (520) 209-7500, [email protected]

Two Million Minutes, a documentary film comparing 6 high school students in the US, China, and India http://www.2mminutes.com/index.html Partnership for 21st Century Skills http://21stcenturyskills.org/ NY Performance Standards Consortium (28 high schools using coming assessments) http://performanceassessment.org/index.html
Copyright 2009 Tony Wagner , Harvard University 15

Resources - Videos
Video 110th Grade English Class: http://www.gse.harvard.edu/clg/books/1.html#video Video 2Looking for An Argument. See also Teaching American History for an excellent example of an inquiry approach to teaching subject content http://www.teacherscollegepress.com/teachertoteacher.html Quest High School Senior Project Videoexcellent example of performance assessment http://store.essentialstore.org/cesessentialvisions-disc-2-student-achievemen.html BERC Group videosvarying quality, good for discussion http://www.bercgroup.com/products.php Highline School District high school student focus group video http://www.hsd401.org/parentinfo/hsredesign/studentvoices.htm A video on how to do focus groups: Creating Community Consensus: Dialogues for Learning & Engagement http://www.seattleschools.org/area/ibc/tw.xml
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