COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Program no: 1 Date: 13/7/2013

ANIMATED SUNRISE

AIM: Write a C program to draw animated sunrise. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph and graphics mode Step 3: Declare function mountain() and sun() Step 4: Call the below functions i) sun() - Draw sun using the function circle() and animate it using for loop and function delay() ii) mountain() - Draw mountain using function arc() and line() Step 5: Call cleardevice() Step 6: closegraph() Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { void sun(); void mountain(); int gd,gm; gd=DETECT; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); mountain(); sun(); getch(); closegraph(); } void mountain() { line(0,300,200,147); arc(225,165,30,150,30); line(250,148,400,300); line(350,250,498,151); arc(527,175,43,137,36); line(553,150,640,250); } void sun() { { setcolor(RED); for(j=30;j>0;j--) circle(340,i,j);
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int i,j,k,l; for(i=230,k=150;i>100;i--,k++)

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setcolor(BROWN); mountain(); setcolor(YELLOW); arc(k,250,20,180,6); arc(k-10,250,20,180,6); l=k+50; setcolor(BLUE); arc(l,150,20,180,6); arc(l-10,150,20,180,6); setcolor(5); arc(l+100,200,20,180,6); arc(l+90,200,20,180,6); arc(l+150,170,30,140,6); arc(l+140,170,30,140,6); delay(150); cleardevice(); } cleardevice(); setcolor(BROWN); mountain(); setcolor(YELLOW); for(i=30;i>0;i--) circle(340,90,i); }

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OUTPUT

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Program No: 2 Date: 17/7/2013

ANIMATED ROCKET LAUNCHING

AIM: Write a C program to draw an animated rocket launching. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize intigraph and graphics mode Step 3: Draw rocket using the function rectangle() and line() and animate it using for loop and function delay() Step 4: Call cleardevice() Step 5: Closegraph() Step 6: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int d,m,i,y; clrscr(); d=DETECT; initgraph(&d,&m,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); for(y=10;y<=300;y=y+5) { rectangle(300,300-y,330,400-y); rectangle(290,400-y,340,420-y); line(315,260-y,300,300-y); line(315,260-y,330,300-y); setcolor(YELLOW); for(i=290;i<=340;i=i+3) line(i,420-y,i+3,440-y); setcolor(RED); delay(100); cleardevice(); } getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 3 Date: 21/7/2013

ANIMATED FLAG HOISTING

AIM: Write a C program to draw an animated flag hoisting ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare the variables i,j,x1,x2,x3,y1,y2. Step 3: Initialize j to 50,,i to 82,repeat the following steps until i>2. a) Check whether i>30,then decrement j by 1. b) Set the fill pattern as solid fill. c) Draw a polygon using polygon function. d) Initialize x1=60,y1=100,x2=220,y2=140,x3=340,y3=180. e) Initialize i to 0 and execute the following. i) Set the color as RED when(i<60) ii) Set the color as WHITE if i value is between 60 and 120 iii)Draw an ellipse using ellipse function f) Set the color as BLUE. g) Set x1=0,x2=15. h) Initialize i to 0 and repeat the steps until i<24 i) Execute the pieslice function. ii) Set x1=x1+15. iii)Set x2=x2+15. iv) Call the delay() and cleardevice() Step 4: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> int back[10]={59,80,59,480,54,480,54,80,59,80}; void main() { int i,j,x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,r1,r2,k,l,gd,gm; clrscr(); gd=DETECT; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); for(k=50,l=82;l>2;l--) { cleardevice(); if(l>30)k--; setfillstyle(9,BROWN); fillpoly(5,back); x1=60;y1=100;x2=220;x3=340;y2=140;y3=180; for(i=0;i<180;i++) { if(i<60) setcolor(RED); if(i>60&&i<120) setcolor(WHITE); if(i>120) setcolor(GREEN); ellipse(x1,y1-20+l,0,90,100-k,3+l); ellipse(x2-2*k,y1-20+l,180,270,60-k,3+l); ellipse(x2-2*k,y2-53+3*l,0,90,60-k,3+l); ellipse(x3-4*k,y2-52+3*l,180,270,60-k,3+l); ellipse(x3-4*k,y3-86+5*l,0,90,60-k,3+l);
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y1++;y2++;y3++; } setcolor(BLUE); setfillstyle(1,15); x1=0;x2=15; for(i=0;i<24;i++) { pieslice(220-2*k,210-37+2*l,x1,x2,30-k/2); x1=x1+15; x2=x2+15; } } getch(); }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 4 Date: 25/7/2013

ROTATING FAN

AIM: Write a C program to draw a rotating fan and control its speed. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare function drawfan() to draw fan using bar() and pieslice() function Step 3: Declare function switch_on() to change the speed using delay() Step 4: Initialize initgraph and graphics mode Step 5: Call cleardevice() Step 6: Call drawfan() Step 7: Using switch case call switch_on() function Step 8: Closegraph() Step 9: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<math.h> void drawfan(int,int); void Switch(int); void main() { int speed; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); do { cleardevice(); drawfan(0,15); gotoxy(30,5); printf("\n1.Slow"); printf("\n2.MEdium"); printf("\n3.Fast"); printf("\n4.OFF"); printf("\n Enter the choice"); scanf("%d",&speed) ; switch(speed) { case 1:Switch(300); break; case 2:Switch(100); break; case 3:Switch(50); break;
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} }while(speed!=4); getch(); closegraph(); } void drawfan(int rotate,int color) { int i; setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE); setcolor(color); bar(313,240,317,320); bar(300,320,330,330); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED); pieslice(315,240,0+rotate,40+rotate,35); pieslice(315,240,120+rotate,160+rotate,35); pieslice(315,240,240+rotate,280+rotate,35); setcolor(YELLOW); for(i=0;i<39;i+=3) circle(315,240,i); } void Switch(speed) { int i=0; for(i=0;i<=1400;i+=80) { drawfan(i,0); drawfan(i+80,15); delay(speed); }}

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OUTPUT: ELECTRIC FAN 1. SLOW 2. MEDIUM 3. FAST 4. EXIT Enter the choice: 1

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Program No: 5 Date: 29/7/2013

CHESS BOARD

AIM: Write a C program to draw a chess board. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize graphics components Step 3: Declare variables flag,x,y,i,j Step 4: Initialize flag=0 Step 5: Repeat steps 6 to 11 from i=0 to 8 Step 6: Repeat steps 7 to 10 from j=0 to 8 Step 7: Draw rectangle with arguements 50+x,50+y,100+x,100+y Step 8: Check whether flag%2=0,then set color to white else set to black Step 9: Fill the rectangle Step 10:Increment flag,set x=x+50 Step 11:Increment flag,set y=y+50 Step 12:Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int flag=0,x,y,i,j,gd,gm; clrscr(); gd=DETECT; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); for(i=0,y=0;i<8;i++) { for(j=0,x=0;j<8;j++) { rectangle(50+x,50+y,100+x,100+y); if(flag%2==0) setfillstyle(1,WHITE); else setfillstyle(1,BLACK); flag++; floodfill(52+x,52+y,15); x=x+50; } flag++; y=y+50; } getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 6 Date: 4/8/2013

FLIGHT TAKEOFF & LANDING

AIM: Write a C program to draw the takeoff and landing of a flight. ALGORITHM: Step1: Declare a function name plane with two arguments. Step2: Declare the variables i and initialize j=0 Step3: Declare the graphics driver and graphics mode. Step4: Initialize the graphic function. Step5: Set a loop and call the plane function for take off animation. Step6: Set a loop and call the plane function for landing animation. Step7: Set the suitable color using setfillstyle() function. Step8: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void plane(int,int); void main() { int i,j=0; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); for(i=0;i<50;i++) { plane(0,0); delay(100); } for(i=0;i<400;i+=2) { cleardevice(); plane(i,j); delay(75); j=j++; } for(i=0;i<500;i+=2) {cleardevice(); plane(i-300,j); j--; delay(75); } getch(); closegraph(); } void plane(int i,int j)
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{ int body[]={50,400,200,400,150,380,70,380,30,300,50,400} ; int w1[]={120,380,140,380,120,450,110,450,120,380} ; int w2[]={120,380,140,380,120,330,110,330,120,380}; body[0]=50+i; body[2]=200+i; body[4]=150+i; body[1] =400-j; body[3]=400-j; body[5] =380-j;

body[6]=70+i; body[7] =380-j; body[8]=30+i; body[9] =300-j; body[10]=50+i; body[11]=400-j; w1[0]=120+i; w1[1]=380-j; w1[2]=140+i; w1[3]=380-j; w1[4]=120+i; w1[5]=450-j; w1[6]=110+i; w1[7]=450-j; w1[8]=120+i; w1[9]=380-j; w2[0]=120+i; w2[1]=380-j; w2[2]=140+i; w2[3]=380-j; w2[4]=120+i; w2[5]=330-j; w2[6]=110+i; w2[7]=330-j; w2[8]=120+i; w2[9]=380-j; setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLACK); setcolor(RED); drawpoly(6,body); setcolor(YELLOW); drawpoly(5,w1); drawpoly(5,w2); setcolor(RED); setcolor(GREEN); fillpoly(6,body); }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 7 Date: 7/8/2013

TEXT ANIMATION

AIM: Write a C program to animate text. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start. Step 2: Declare and initialize variables such as word,fname,style,size. Step 3: Initialize graphics driver and initgraph. Step 4: Read the input string. Step 5: Store the font style in an array. Step 6: Print input string in different font style stored in the array. Step 7: Call cleardevice(). Step 8: Call closegraph(). Step 9: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void main() { char word[100]; char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font","TRIPLEX font", "SMALL font","SANS SERIF font","GOTHIC font"}; int style,midx,midy,size; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("Enter the Word"); gets(word); midx = getmaxx() / 2; midy = getmaxy() / 2; for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) { cleardevice(); if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) size = 4; settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); setcolor(style); outtextxy(400,300,word); getch(); } getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 8 Date: 10/8/2013

DDA LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM

AIM: Write a C program to draw a line using DDA Algorithm ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Read the end points of the line (X ,Y ) and (X ,Y )
a b b b

Step 2: Set dx=X -X and dy=Y -Y

a b b

Step 3: X= X ,
a

Y=Y .
a

Step 4: If abs(dx)>abs(dy) then steps=abs(dx) Else Steps=abs(dy) Step 5 : Assign X increment =dx/(float)steps Y increment =dy/(float)steps Step 6 : Call function putpixel(abs(X),abs(Y),colour) Step 7 : Repeat following for k=1 to steps begin: =X+X increment Y=Y+Y increment Putpixel(round(X),round(Y),colour) End: Step 8 : Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<math.h> #define ROUND(a) ((int)(a+.5)) void linedda(int,int,int,int); void main() { int x1,y1,x2,y2; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"C:\\TC\\BGI"); printf("Enter the end points"); scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2); linedda(x1,y1,x2,y2); getch(); closegraph(); } void linedda(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2) { int dx=x2-x1,dy=y2-y1,k,s; float xincrement,yincrement,x=x1,y=y1; if(abs(dx)>abs(dy)) { else { s=abs(dy); } xincrement=dx/(float)s; yincrement= dy/(float)s; putpixel(ROUND(x),ROUND(y),5); for(k=0;k<s;k++) { x=x+xincrement; }}
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s=abs(dx);

y=y+yincrement;

putpixel(ROUND(x),ROUND(y),5);

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OUTPUT:

Enter the end points:

100 100 300 250

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Program No: 9 Date: 14/8/2013

BRESENHAMS LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM

AIM: Write a C program to draw a line using Bresenhams Algorithm ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start. Step 2: Declare the variables xa,xb,ya,yb,dx,dy,flag,end,xend,yend,x,y,p,py. Step 3: Read the starting coordinates as (xa,ya) and ending coordinate as (xb,yb). Step 4: set dx=xa-xb, dy=ya-yb, p=2*dy-dx, py=2*dx-dy, twody=2*dy, twodx=2*dx and twodydx=2*(dy-dx),twodxdy=2*(dx-dy) Step 5: if dx > dy then check 5.1.if xa > xb, then 5.1.1 set x=xb, y=yb and xend=xa; 5.1.2.if ya > yb set flag =1 otherwise set flag=0. 5.2.if xa < xb,then 5.2.1. set x=xa, y=ya and xend=xb; 5.2.2. if yb > ya set flag =1 otherwise set flag=0. 5.3. Repeat following steps until x < xend 5.3.1. Put a pixel in (x,y). 5.3.2. Increment variable x by 1. 5.3.3. if p < 0 set p=p+twody. 5.3.4. Otherwise check 5.3.5. if flag=true, then set y=y+1 5.3.6. otherwise set y=y-1 and calculate p=p+twodydx. 5.4. go to step 7 Step 6 : if dy > dx then check 6.1.if ya < yb, then 6.1.1. set x=xa, y=ya and yend=yb; 6.1.2. if xa < yb set flag =1 otherwise set flag=0. 6.2.if ya > yb,then 6.2.1 set x=xb, y=yb and yend=ya; 6.2.2.if xb < xa set flag =1 otherwise set flag=0. 6.3. Repeat following steps until y < yend 6.3.1. Put a pixel in (x,y). 6.3.2. Increment variable y by 1. 6.3.3. if py < 0 set py=py+twodx. 6.3.4. Otherwise check 6.3.5.if flag=true, then set x=x+1 6.3.6. otherwise set x=x-1 and calculate py=py+twodxdy. Step 7: Stop.
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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<math.h> void linebrhm(int,int,int,int); void main() { int x1,y1,x2,y2; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"C:\\TC\\BGI"); printf("Enter the end points"); scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2); linebrhm(x1,y1,x2,y2); getch(); closegraph(); } void linebrhm(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2) { float dx,dy,dxx,dyy,dxy,p,x,y,xEnd; dx=abs(x1-x2); dy=abs(y1-y2); p=2*dy-dx; dyy=2*dy; dxy=2*(dy-dx); if(x1>x2) { x=x1; y=y2; xEnd=x1;
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} else { x=x1; y=y1; xEnd=x2; } putpixel(x,y,5); while(x<xEnd) { x++; if(p<0) { p=p+dyy; } else { y++; p=p+dxy; } putpixel(x,y,5); } }

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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 10 Date: 19/8/2013

MIDPOINT CIRCLE ALGORITHM

AIM: Write a C program to draw a circle using Midpoint circle generating algorithm. ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Input radius r and circle center (X ,Y ) and obtain the first point on the circumference of a
C C

circle centered on the origin as (X ,Y ) = (0,r)

0 0

Step 2: Calculate the initial value of the decision parameter as P = 5/4 r

0

At each X position ,starting at k=0, perform the following test:

K

Step 3: If P <0, the next pont along the circle centered on (0,0) is
K

(X

K+1

,Y)and P

K+1

= P + 2X
K

(K+1)

+1

Otherwise ,the next pont along the circle is (X +1,Y -1) and P
K K K+1

=P +2X
K K+1

K+1

+1 2 Y
K -2

K+1

Where 2 X

K+1

=2X

K+2

and 2 Y

=2Y

Step 4: Determine symmetry points in the other seven octants Step 5: Move each calculated pixel position (X,Y) on the circle path centered on (X Y ) and plot the co-ordinate values X =X +X ,Y = Y+Y
C C C C

Step 6: Repeat steps 3 through 5 until XY. Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #define ROUND(a) ((int)(a+0.5)) void circlemid(int xc,int yc,int r); void circlepts(int,int,int,int); void main() { int gd=DETECT,gmode,xc,yc,r; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("Enter the center and radius"); scanf("%d%d%d",&xc,&yc,&r); circlemid(xc,yc,r); getch(); closegraph(); } void circlemid(int x0,int y0,int r) { int x,y,p; x=0; y=r; p=1-r; circlepts(x0,y0,x,y); while(x<y) { if(p<0) { p=p+2*(x+1)+1;
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x++; } else { p=p+2*(x+1)+1-2*(y-1); x++; y--; } circlepts(x0,y0,x,y); }} void circlepts(int x0,int y0,int x,int y) { putpixel(x0+x,y0+y,6); putpixel(x0+y,y0+x,6); putpixel(x0-x,y0+y,6); putpixel(x0-y,y0+x,6); putpixel(x0+x,y0-y,6); putpixel(x0+y,y0-x,6); putpixel(x0-x,y0-y,6); putpixel(x0-y,y0-x,6); }

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OUTPUT: Enter the center and radius x: 300 y: 200 r: 50

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Program No: 11 Date: 24/8/2013

FLOOD FILL ALGORITHM

AIM: Write a C program to fill a polygon using Flood fill algorithm ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare the variables x,y,old,fill and the function floddfill() Step 3:Read the old color and the fill color 3.1) Draw the circle and fill it with the specified old color 3.2) Get the color of the current pixel 3.3) if the current pixel!= fill color then putpixel(x,y,fillcolor) call floodfill(x-1,y,fillcolor,oldcolor) recursively call floodfill(x+1,y,fillcolor,oldcolor) recursively call floodfill(x,y-1,fillcolor,oldcolor) recursively call floodfill(x,y+1,fillcolor,oldcolor) recursively Step 4: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdio.h> void floodfill1(int,int,int); void floodfill4(int,int,int,int); int x,y; int fill,old; void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); floodfill1(x,y,old); getch(); closegraph(); } void floodfill1(int x,int y,int old) { printf("Enter the coordinates"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); printf("Enter the fill color and the old color"); scanf("%d%d",&fill,&old); setcolor(old); circle(x,y,30); setfillstyle(1,old); floodfill(x,y,old); floodfill4(x,y,fill,old); } void floodfill4(int x,int y,int fill,int old) {
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if(getpixel(x,y)==old) { putpixel(x,y,fill); floodfill4(x,y-1,fill,old); floodfill4(x-1,y,fill,old); floodfill4(x,y+1,fill,old); floodfill4(x+1,y,fill,old); } }

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OUTPUT:

Enter the co-ordinates: 300 200 Enter the fill color and the old color

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Program No: 12 Date: 29/8/2013

2D- TRANSILATION
AIM: Write a C program to transilate a 2D object. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph() and graphics mode Step 3: Read the no of vertices Step 4: Read the end points Step 5: Draw the polygon using line to command from(x0,y0) to (xk,yk) and move the pixel to line end points(xk,yk) Step 6: Repeat step 3 until the last pixel to initial and compute the polygon Step 7: Now draw the lines from final pixel to initial pixel and compute the polygon Step 8: Input the transilate factors, tx and ty Step 9: Obtain new end points as x= x + tx y= y + ty

Step 10: Repeat step 2 to step 6 to get the transilated position. Step 11: Call clear device function Step 12: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> void main() { int driver,mode,x[5],y[5],i,n; int tx,ty; clrscr(); driver=DETECT; initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("Enter the no: of vertices:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("\n Enter x[%d] y[%d]->",i+1,i+1); scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]); } setcolor(1); outtextxy(200,150,"Befor translation"); setcolor(1); moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Enter the translation factors:"); scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
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for(i=0;i<n;i++) { x[i]=x[i]+tx; y[i]=y[i]+ty; } outtextxy(190,330,"After translation"); moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT:

Enter the no: of vertices: 3 Enter x[1] y[1] 31590 Enter x[2] y[2] 210 290 Enter x[3] y[3] 410 290 BEFORE TRANSLATION

Enter the translation factors 50 30

AFTER TRANSLATION

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Program No: 13 Date: 4/9/2013

2D- ROTATION
AIM: Write a C program to rotate a 2D object with respect to orgin ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph() and graphics mode Step 3: Declare the variables xr, yr, n, theta Step 4: For i=0 to n read x[i] and y[i] Step 5: Move to (x0,y0) Step 6: For i=0 to n Step 7: Line to (x[i], y[i]) Step 8: Line to (x[0], y[0]) Step 9: Enter the pivot point Step 10: For r= 0 to theta, obtain the new points x1[i] = xr + (x[i] xr) * cos(theta) (y[i]-yr) * sin(theta) y1[i] = yr + (x[i] xr) * sin(theta) + (y[i]-yr) * cos(theta) Step 11: Repeat step 4,5 and 6 Step 12: Call clear device function Step 13: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> void main() { int driver,mode,x[5],y[5],x1[5],y1[5],xr,yr,i,n; float theta; clrscr(); driver=DETECT; initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("Enter the no: of vertices:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("\n Enter x[%d] y[%d]->",i+1,i+1); scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]); } setcolor(1); outtextxy(180,150,"Befor rotation"); setcolor(1); moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Enter the rotation angle:"); scanf("%f",&theta);
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xr=getmaxx()/2; yr=getmaxx()/2; theta=(22.0/7.0)/180.0*theta; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { x1[i]=xr+(x[i]-xr)*cos(theta)-(y[i]-yr)*sin(theta); y1[i]=yr+(x[i]-xr)*sin(theta)+(y[i]-yr)*cos(theta); } outtextxy(190,330,"After rotation"); moveto(x1[0],y1[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x1[i],y1[i]); } lineto(x1[0],y1[0]); getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT: Enter the no: of vertices 3 Enter x[1] Enter x[2] Enter x[3] y[1] 315 y[2] 290 y[3] 415 90 210 290

BEFORE ROTATION

Enter the rotation angle: 180 AFTER ROTATION

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Program No: 14 Date: 8/9/2013

2D SCALING
AIM: Write a C program to scale a 2D object with respect to orgin ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph() and graphics mode Step 3: Read the no of vertices Step 4: Read the end points Step 5: Draw the polygon using line to command from(x0,y0) to (xk,yk) and move the pixel to line end points(xk,yk) Step 6: Repeat step 3 until the last pixel to initial and compute the polygon Step 7: Now draw the lines from final pixel to initial pixel and compute the polygon Step 8: Input the scaling factors, sx and sy Step 9: Obtain new end points as x= x * sx y= y * sy

Step 10: Repeat step 4 to step 8 to get the scaling position. Step 11: Call clear device function Step 12: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> void main() { int driver,mode,x[5],y[5],i,n; int sx,sy,ch,xf,yf; clrscr(); driver=DETECT; initgraph(&driver,&mode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("enter the no: of vertices:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("\n enter x[%d] y[%d]->",i+1,i+1); scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]); } printf("\nenter the Scaling factors:"); scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy); do { printf("\n1.At orgin\n2.Fixed point\n3.exit"); printf("Enter your choice"); scanf("%d",&ch); if(ch==1) { outtextxy(200,150,"before Scaling"); setcolor(1); moveto(x[0],y[0]);
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for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { x[i]=x[i]*sx; y[i]=y[i]*sy; } outtextxy(100,100,"After Scaling"); moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); } if(ch==2) { printf("enter Th Fixed Point"); scanf("%d%d",&xf,&yf); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { x[i]=xf+((x[i]-xf)*sx); y[i]=yf+((y[i]-yf)*sy); } outtextxy(100,80,"before Scaling"); setcolor(1);
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moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); outtextxy(100,100,"After Scaling"); moveto(x[0],y[0]); for(i=1;i<n;i++) { lineto(x[i],y[i]); } lineto(x[0],y[0]); getch(); } } while(ch!=3); getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT: Enter the no: of vertices: 3 Enter x[1] y[1] 31590 Enter x[2] y[2] 210 290 Enter x[3] y[3] 410 290 BEFORE SCALING

Enter the scaling factors 2 3

AFTER SCALING

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Program No: 15 Date: 14/9/2013

2D REFLECTION
AIM: Write a C program to reflect a 2D object. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph() and graphics mode Step 3: Read choice Step 4: Initialize a function to plot points Step 5: If ch=1 then Do the reflection along X-axis x1[i] = -x1[i] If ch=2 then Do the reflection along Y-axis x1[i] = -x1[i] If ch=3 then Do the reflection along line Y = X x1[i] = x[i] If ch=4 then Do the reflection along the line Y = -X x1[i] = x[i] y1[i] = -y[i] Draw the reflected image Step 6: Call clear device function Step 7: Stop y1[i] = -y[i] Draw the reflected image y1[i] = y[i] Draw the reflected image y1[i] = -y1[i] Draw the reflected image

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void main() { int gd,gm,ch,dx,dy; clrscr(); detectgraph(&gd,&gm); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\tc\\bgi"); do { printf("\n1:X-axis,\n2:Y-axis,\n3:Y=X,\n4:Y=-X,\n5:Exit"); printf("\nEnter the choice of axis about which the object is to reflect:"); scanf("%d",&ch); clrscr(); line(0,250,600,250); line(300,0,300,500); rectangle(320,100,370,150); dx=320-300; dy=250-150; getch(); if(ch==1) { outtextxy(50,50,"REFLECTION ABOUT X-axis"); rectangle(320,100+2*dy,370,150+2*dy); } if(ch==2) { outtextxy(50,50,"REFLECTION ABOUT Y-axis"); rectangle(320-2*dx-50,100,370-2*dx-50,150);
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} if(ch==3) { outtextxy(50,50,"REFLECTION ABOUT Y=X-axis"); rectangle(340+50,100+50,390+50,150+50); } if(ch==4) { outtextxy(50,50,"REFLECTION ABOUT Y=-X-axis"); rectangle(100,320,150,370); } } while(ch!=5); getch(); }

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OUTPUT: Enter the choice of axis about which the object is to reflect: 1. X axis 2. Y axis 3. X = Y 4. Y = -X 5. Exit

1 Reflection about X-axis

Enter the choice of axis about which the object is to reflect: 1. X axis 2. Y axis 3. X = Y 4. Y = -X 5. Exit

2 Reflection about Y-axis

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Enter the choice of axis about which the object is to reflect: 1. X axis 3 Reflection about Y=X 2. Y axis 3. X = Y 4. Y = -X 5. Exit

Enter the choice of axis about which the object is to reflect: 1. X axis 2. Y axis 3. X = Y 4. Y = -X 5. Exit

4 Reflection about Y=-X

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Program No: 16 Date: 25/9/2013

2D SHEAR
AIM: Write a C program to shear a 2D object. ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgraph() and graphics mode Step 3: Read Choice Step 4: Initialize a function to plot points Step 5: if ch=1 then Read the shear parameter Convert the translation parameters Do the transformation along the shearing x = x + shx * y Draw the sheared image if ch=2 then Read the shear parameter Convert the translation parameters Do the transformation along the shearing y = y + shy * x Draw the sheared image Step 6: Call clear device function Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<process.h> void x_shear(float*,float*,int); void y_shear(float*,float*,int); void main() { float x1=100,y1=100,x2=200,y2=100,x3=200,y3=200,x4=100,y4=200; int c,gd,gm,sh; printf("\n enter your choice\n (1) x-axis\n (2) y-axis"); scanf("%d",&c); printf("enter the shear factor"); scanf("%d",&sh); detectgraph(&gd,&gm); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); line(x1,y1,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x3,y3); line(x3,y3,x4,y4); line(x4,y4,x1,y1); getch(); if(c==1) { x_shear(&x1,&y1,sh); x_shear(&x2,&y2,sh); x_shear(&x3,&y3,sh); x_shear(&x4,&y4,sh); } if(c==2) {
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y_shear(&x1,&y1,sh); y_shear(&x2,&y2,sh); y_shear(&x3,&y3,sh); y_shear(&x4,&y4,sh); } outtextxy(50,50,"SHEARING"); line(x1,y1,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x3,y3); line(x3,y3,x4,y4); line(x4,y4,x1,y1); getch(); } void x_shear(float *x,float *y,int sh) { (*x)=(*x)+sh*(*y); } void y_shear(float *x,float*y,int sh) { (*y)=(*y)+sh*(*x); }

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OUTPUT: Enter your choice 1. X- axis 2. Y-axis 1 Enter the shear factor 2

Enter your choice 1. X- axis 2. Y-axis 2 Enter the shear factor 1

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Program No: 17 Date: 28/9/2013

COHEN-SUTHERLAND LINE CLIPPING ALGORITHM

AIM: Write a C program to implement Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm ALGORITHM: Step 1: start Step 2: consider the line segment p1, p2 Step 3: findout outcode of p1, p2 Step 4: enter into a loop Step 5: loop if both outcode are zero, then display line segment exit the loop, return else if both outcodes are non zero and their logical and # 0 than reject the line segment exit the loop, return else if outcode (p1) =0 then swap (p1, p2) end-if 1) the most significant bit of outcode (p1)! =0, then find the point of intersection of the line segment with top boundary 2) the second most significant bit of outcode (p1)! =0,then find the point of intersection of the line segment with low boundary 3) the third most significant bit of outcode (p1)! =0,then find the point of intersection of the line segment with right boundary 4) the lower bit of outcode (p1)! =0,then find the point of intersection of the line segment with left boundary step 6 replace the points p1 with the intersection point. Step 7. find the outcode Step 8. Enter the loop. step 9. Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 typedef unsigned int outcode; enum { TOP=0X1,BOTTOM=0X2,RIGHT=0X4,LEFT=0X8 }; void lineclip(int,int,int,int,int,int,int,int); int compoutecode(int,int,int,int,int,int); void main() { int xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax,x0,y0,x1,y1; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"C:\\TC\\BGI"); printf("enter the co-ordinates of the window"); scanf("%d%d%d%d",&xmin,&ymin,&xmax,&ymax); printf("\nenter theco-ordinates of the line"); scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x0,&y0,&x1,&y1); printf("\nbefore clipping"); rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); line(x0,y0,x1,y1); getch(); closegraph(); initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"C:\\TC\\BGI"); printf("\n\n\nafter clipping"); rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); lineclip(x0,y0,x1,y1,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax);
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getch(); closegraph(); } void lineclip(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1,int xmin,int xmax,int ymin,int ymax) { outcode outcode0,outcode1,outcodeout; int accept=FALSE,done=FALSE,x,y; outcode0=compoutecode(x0,y0,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); outcode1=compoutecode(x1,y1,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); do { if(!(outcode0|outcode1)) { accept=TRUE; done=TRUE; } else if(outcode0&outcode1) { done=TRUE; } else { if(outcode0) { outcodeout=outcode0; } else { outcodeout=outcode1; } if(outcodeout&TOP) {
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x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymax-y0)/(y1-y0); y=ymax; } else if(outcodeout&BOTTOM) { x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymin-y0)/(y1-y0); y=ymin; } else if(outcodeout&RIGHT) { y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmax-x0)/(x1-x0); x=xmax; } else { y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmin-x0)/(x1-x0); x=xmin; } if(outcodeout==outcode0) { x0=x; y0=y; outcode0=compoutecode(x0,y0,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); } else { x1=x; y1=y; outcode1=compoutecode(x1,y1,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); } } }while(done==FALSE);
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if(accept) { line(x0,y0,x1,y1); } } int compoutecode(int x,int y,int xmin,int xmax,int ymin,int ymax) { outcode code=0; if(y>ymax) { code=code|TOP; } else if(y<ymin) { code=code|BOTTOM; } if(x>xmax) { code=code|RIGHT; } else if(x<xmin) { code=code|LEFT; } return code; }

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OUTPUT:

BEFORE CLIPPING

AFTER CLIPPING

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Program No: 18 Date: 1/10/2013

SUTHERLAND-HODEGEMAN POLYGON CLIPPING

AIM: Write a C program to implement Sutherland-Hodegeman polygon clipping ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Read the vertices of the polygon Step 3: Draw the polygon and the window before clipping Step 4: Clip a polygon against each window boundary i. clip the polygon with left boundary then pass the parameters to the right clip ii. Clip the polygon with right boundary then pass the parameters to the bottom clip iii. Clip the polygon with bottom boundary then pass the parameters to the top clip iv. Clip the polygon with top boundary then pass the parameters to the saved clip point procedure Step 5: Do the step 4 for the vertex of the polygon Step 6: Draw the polygon and the window after clipping. Step 7: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> #define FALSE 0 #define TRUE 1 typedef unsigned int outcode; enum{TOP=0x1,BOTTOM=0x2,RIGHT=0x4,LEFT=0x8}; void CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(int,int,int,int,int,int,int,int); int compoutcode(int,int,int,int,int,int); void main() { int n,i,x[10],y[10],xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax; int gd=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); printf("enter the number of vertices of the polygen"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\nEnter the points"); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { scanf("%d%d",&x[i],&y[i]); } printf("\nEnter the point of the clipping rectangle"); scanf("%d%d%d%d",&xmin,&ymin,&xmax,&ymax); clearviewport(); for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) { line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]); } line(x[i],y[i],x[0],y[0]); setcolor(8);
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rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); getch(); clearviewport(); for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(x[i],y[i],x[i+i],y[i+1],xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(x[i],y[i],x[0],y[0],xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); getch(); closegraph(); } void CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1,int xmin,int xmax,int ymin,int ymax) { outcode outcode0,outcode1,outcodeout; int accept=FALSE,done=FALSE; int x,y; outcode0=compoutcode(x0,y0,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); outcode1=compoutcode(x1,y1,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); do { if(!(outcode0|outcode1)) { accept=TRUE; done=TRUE; } else if(outcode0 & outcode1) done=TRUE; else { if(outcode0) outcodeout=outcode0; else
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outcodeout=outcode1; if(outcodeout&TOP) { x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymax-y0)/(y1-y0); y=ymax; } else if(outcodeout & BOTTOM) { x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymin-y0)/(y1-y0); y=ymin; } else if(outcodeout & RIGHT) { y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmax-x0)/(x1-x0); x=xmax; } else { y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmin-x0)/(x1-x0); x=xmin; } if(outcodeout==outcode0) { x0=x; y0=y; outcode0=compoutcode(x0,y0,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax); } else { x1=x; y1=y; outcode1=compoutcode(x1,y1,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax);
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} } }while(done==FALSE); if(accept) line(x0,y0,x1,y1); } int compoutcode(int x,int y,int xmin,int xmax,int ymin,int ymax) { outcode code=0; if(y>ymax) code=code|TOP; else if(y<ymin) code=code|BOTTOM; if(x>xmax) code=code|RIGHT; else if(x<xmin) code=code|LEFT; return code; }

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OUTPUT: Enter the number of vertices 3 Enter the coordinates 200 280 300 200 100 200

Enter the points of the clipping rectangle 150 180 200 300

BEFORE CLIPPING

AFTER CLIPPING

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Program No: 19 Date: 3/10/2013

PIE CHART
AIM: Write a C program to draw a pie chart ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize initgaraph and graphics mode Step 3: Get the number of cities,n Step 4: Get the cityname temperature of n cities Step 5: Draw barchart and piechart Step 6: Stop

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<process.h> #include<dos.h> void main() { char *pa=0; int i,j,ii,jj,n,t[50],d=0; int pnew[50]={0},poId=0; float tot=0; char a[50]; int gd,gm; gd=DETECT; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI"); printf("ENTER DETAILS "); printf("\n-------------"); printf("1.NO OF CITIES: "); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("ENTER DETAILS "); printf("\n----------------"); printf("\n1. NAME OF CITY :"); scanf("%s",&a[i]); printf("\nTEMPERATURE :"); scanf("%d",&t[i]); } cleardevice(); line(50,400,50,100); line(50,400,350,400); for(i=0;i<300;i=i+30)
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{ putpixel(50+i,400,5); putpixel(50+i,399,5); putpixel(50+i,401,5); putpixel(50,400-i,5); putpixel(50,400-i,5); putpixel(49,400-i,5); putpixel(51,400-i,5); } for(i=0;i<n;i++) { int nn=3*t[i]; setcolor(i+2); for(j=0;j<nn;j++) line(60+d,400-j,80+d,400-j); *pa=a[i]; outtextxy(68+d,405,pa); d=d+30; tot=tot+t[i]; } setcolor(WHITE); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { setfillstyle(1,i+2); pnew[i]=poId+((t[i]*100)/tot)*3.60; if(i==n-1)pnew[i]=360; pieslice(500,240,poId,pnew[i],100); poId=pnew[i]; } getch(); }

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OUTPUT: Enter details -----------------No: of cities 2 Enter details -----------------1. Name of the city Trivandrum 2. Temperature 40 Enter details -----------------1. Name of the city Kollam 2. Temperature 60

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Program No: 20 Date: 5/10/2013

SIMULATION OF THE CLOCK

AIM: Write a C program to draw the simulation of the clock ALGORITHM: Step 1: Declare the graphics driver and graphicsmode. Step 2: Declare an array a[12] with values 1 to 12 and integer variables a,b and i. Step 3: Initialize the graphics using the initgraph() function. Step 4: Using the circle(),outtext () fuctions to draw a clock shaped figure. Step 5: Perform animation of the clock. Step 6: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<dos.h> #include<math.h> #define arg_sec M_PI/30 #define arg_hour M_PI/6 #define arg_min M_PI/360 void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm,sec=0,hour,min,x1=0,y1=0,x2=0,y2=0,x3=0,y3=0; char *k[12]={"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12"}; int a,b,i; int dig_sec; char Time_Dig[14]; setcolor(RED); circle(300,200,200); circle(300,200,180); setfillstyle(1,RED); floodfill(300,390,RED); for(i=1;i<13;i++) { a=160*cos(arg_hour*i-M_PI_2); b=160*sin(arg_hour*i-M_PI_2); outtextxy(a+300,b+200,k[i-1]); } while(!kbhit()) { setcolor(BLACK); line(300,200,x1+300,y1+200); line(300,200,x2+300,y2+200); line(300,200,x3+300,y3+200); gettime(&t); hour=t.ti_hour;
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struct time t;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

sec=t.ti_sec;

min=t.ti_min;

Time_Dig[0]=hour/10+48; Time_Dig[1]=hour%10+48; Time_Dig[2]=':'; Time_Dig[3]=min/10+48; Time_Dig[4]=min%10+48; Time_Dig[5]=':'; Time_Dig[6]=sec/10+48; Time_Dig[7]=sec%10+48; Time_Dig[8]='\0'; outtextxy(270,250,""); x1=150*cos(arg_sec*sec-M_PI_2)*0.98; y1=150*sin(arg_sec*sec-M_PI_2)*0.98; x2=150*cos(arg_sec*min-M_PI_2)*0.9; y2=150*sin(arg_sec*min-M_PI_2)*0.9; if(hour>12) hour-=12; x3=150*cos(arg_hour*hour-M_PI_2+arg_min*min)*0.6; y3=150*sin(arg_hour*hour-M_PI_2+arg_min*min)*0.6; setcolor(YELLOW); line(300,200,x1+300,y1+200); setcolor(CYAN); line(300,200,x2+300,y2+200); setcolor(WHITE); line(300,200,x3+300,y3+200); setcolor(YELLOW); outtextxy(270,250,Time_Dig); delay(50); } getch(); closegraph(); restorecrtmode(); }
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OUTPUT:

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Program No: 21 Date: 9/10/2013

BICYCLE RIDING
AIM: Write a C program to draw a person riding a bicycle ALGORITHM: Step 1: Start Step 2: Initialize the graphics driver and initgraph. Step 3: Declare a function cycle 3.1: Draw the figure of a man riding bicycle using inbuilt function such as line(),circle() Step 4: Animate the man and cycle Step 5: Call cleardevice(). Step 6: Call closegraph(). Step 7: Stop.

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PROGRAM: #include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void cycle() { int i; int body[]={450,260,490,190,520,250,570,200,490,190}; int human[]={565,190,575,190,570,150,566,150,566,147, 563,147,563,150,560,150,565,190}; for(i=0;i<=700;i+=5) { cleardevice(); body[0]=450-i; body[2]=490-i; body[4]=520-i; body[6]=570-i; body[8]=490-i; human[0]=565-i; human[2]=575-i; human[4]=570-i; human[6]=566-i; human[8]=566-i; human[10]=563-i; human[12]=563-i; human[14]=560-i; human[16]=565-i; setcolor(WHITE); circle(450-i,260,20); //front wheel circle(450-i,260,3); // front wheel circle(600-i,260,20);//back wheel
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body[1]=260; body[3]=190; body[5]=250; body[7]=200; body[9]=190; human[1]=190; human[3]=190; human[5]=150; human[7]=150; human[9]=147; human[11]=147; human[13]=150; human[15]=150; human[17]=190;

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circle(600-i,260,3); //back wheel circle(520-i,250,7); //pedal circle(520-i,250,3); //pedal line(520-i,258,600-i,262);//lower chain line(520-i,242,600-i,258);//upper chain line(570-i,200,600-i,260); //back stay line(490-i,190,505-i,170);//handle line(490-i,160,520-i,180);//handle // seat line(570-i,200,570-i,195); line(565-i,190,565-i,195); line(565-i,195,575-i,195); line(575-i,195,575-i,190); setcolor(RED); line(520-i,250,530-i,255); line(520-i,250,510-i,245); setcolor(WHITE); line(520-i,180,525-i,175); //handle node line(493-i,160,498-i,155); setcolor(LIGHTRED); line(565-i,190,520-i,220); line(520-i,220,510-i,245); line(575-i,190,533-i,230); line(533-i,230,530-i,255); setcolor(LIGHTRED); line(566-i,150,540-i,185);//hand1 line(540-i,185,527-i,175); line(563-i,150,530-i,165);//hand 2 line(530-i,165,498-i,155); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED); setcolor(LIGHTRED); circle(564-i,140,5);//head
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setcolor(WHITE); drawpoly(5,body); setcolor(LIGHTRED); drawpoly(9,human); delay(180); } } void main() { int gd=DETECT,gmode; int x; initgraph(&gd,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); cycle(); getch(); closegraph(); }

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OUTPUT:

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