Page 1 of 28

Name: Taylor Boyd ID Number: 1228013

Quiz Section: AN Lab Partner: Lyndll

Chem 162 Experiment #3: Chemical Kinetics

Part I: A Clock Reaction Part II: Crystal Violet-Hydroxide Reaction

By signing below, you certify that you have not falsified data, that you have not plagiarized any part of this lab report, and that all calculations and responses other than the reporting of raw data are your own independent work. Failure to sign this declaration will result in 5 points being deducted from your report score. Signature: Taylor Boyd

Grading: 60 pts.

(Lab notebook pages are worth 5 pts - total for report and notebook is 65 pts)

Purpose and Method

Part I: Clock Reaction
(1) Identify the purpose, (2) provide the relevant equations, reactions, and rate law, and (3) provide a brief description of how the rate law is determined (how do you figure out the orders for reach reactant?) and how the rate law for one reaction is determined by observing a related reaction. (3 pts)

In the first part of this lab the purpose it to dtermine the order of the reaction with respect to each reagent, determine the rate constant at room temperature, and at 0 degrees C, determine the activation energy and finally after adding a catalysts, dteermine the rate constant at room temperature and 0 degrees C. We will determine the rate law by varying the concentration of a reagent, while holding the other reactants constant. After we have obtained the orders of each reactants, we will be abl calculate the activation energy.

Rate= k[BrO3-]b[I-]i[H3O+]h
ln(k2/k1)= -Ea/R(1/T2-1/T1)

Equation: BrO3-(aq)+6I-(aq)+6H3O+(aq)

Br-(aq)+3I2(aq)+9H2O

Part II: Crystal Violet-Hydroxide Reaction

(1) Identify the purpose, (2) provide the relevant equations, reactions, and rate law, and (3) provide a brief description of how the rate law is determined (how do you figure out the orders for each reactant?). (3 pts) The purpose of the second part of this lab is to determine the order of the reaction with respect to CV+, determine the order of the reaction with respect to OH- and lastly, to determine the rate constant (k) at room temperature. To accomplish this we are going to use the integrated rate law to compare the concentration over time. We will be able to figure out the order of the reaction with respect to CV+ by plotting the concentration and time data and finding out which of these plots is most linear. know that if the plot of [CV+]t vs. time is linear than the reaction is zero order. If the lot os lin [CV+] vs. time is linear, the reaction will be first order. If the plot of 1/[CV+] vs. time is linear, the reaction will be second order. To determine the slopes we will have to record the absorbance over ten second intervals with a stop watch. Equation: CV++OHCVOH

Rate= k[CV+]c[OH-]o= k[CV+]c

Page 2 of 28

Data, Calculations and Graphs

Part I: A Clock Reaction
Stock Solutions Soln.
2S2O3 -

Conc. 0.0005 0.010 0.040 0.100

Units M M M M D Time sec. 18.74 27.07 53.15 114.54 23.47 35.04 55.66 110.25 11.52 15.73 40.12 157.81 158.52 29.92 63.42

BrO3HCl

Table of Recorded Reagent Volumes, Temperature, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate
Experiment Run # 1 2 3** 4 5 6 7** 8 9 10 11** 12 13 14* 15* H2O mL 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.50 -0.75 0.50 0.75 0.75 Test Tube #1 S2O32mL 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 ImL 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 mL 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Test Tube #2 BrO3H+ mL 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.25 Temp. Celsius C 29.5 30.15 30.08 30 29.7 29.8 29.43 29.93 29.58 29.88 29.68 29.83 0.13 25.96 0.12

* Measurements made with a drop of 1.0 mM Ammonium Molybdate ** Repeated measurements for calculating k and Ea A drop of 1% Starch indicator solution is included in each run.

Show your calculation for the "Rate" here using data for Run #1: M1V1=M2V2 (.0005M)(.05mL)= (2.5ML)(M2) .000025M/2.5= .0001M= M2

Rate= 1/6[S2O32-] = (1/6) x (0.0001M/ 18.74s) = 8.89E-7 M/s Change in Temp

Page 3 of 28

Reaction Order Determination for IShow your calculation for the concentration of BrO 3- used in Runs 1-4: M2= (.04M)(.5mL) = .008M BrO32.5mL

Table of Recorded Temperature, Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate
Experiment Run # Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Temp Celsius 29.5 30.15 30.08 30 S2O3
2-

Initial Concentrations (M) I

-

Time BrO3
-

Rate M/sec 8.89E-07 6.16E-07 3.14E-07 1.46E-07

sec 18.74 27.07 53.15 114.54

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

0.0040 0.0030 0.0020 0.0010

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

READ THIS BEFORE PROCEEDING:

Recall that since BrO3- and H+ are held constant, the rate law takes on the following form: Rate = B[I-]i where "B" is the pseudo rate constant that includes k, [H+], and [BrO3-]. Therefore, a plot of log(Rate) vs. log([I-]) (y-axis vs x-axis) will yield a straight line with a slope equal to i, the order of the reaction with respect to I -.
X-axis log(I-) -2.4 -2.5 -2.7 -3.0 Y-axis log(Rate) -6.050 -6.210 -6.500 -6.830

Place your plot relating to the reaction order for I- here, making it large enough to cover this box -6.000 (so that it is easy to read). -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 -6.100
Refer to the text box above for hints about what to plot.

Log(I-) vs. Log(rate)

FOR FULL CREDIT: - plot the correct data on each axis

y = 1.2929x - 2.9714 R = 0.993

-6.200

-6.300

- correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to -6.400 start at 0)

- use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose the trendline options that "display equation on chart" and "display R-6.600 squared on chart"

Log (rate) M/s

- appropriately title the plot

-6.500

-6.700 -6.800

Log (I-)M

-6.900

What is the order with respect to I- as determined from your data? 1 Round to the nearest whole number. If no trendline equation is provided on the plot, no credit will be given for your answer to this question.

Page 4 of 28

Page 5 of 28

Reaction Order Determination for BrO3Table of Recorded Temperature, Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate
Experiment Run # Run 5 Run 6 Run 7 Run 8 Temp Celsius 29.7 29.8 29.43 29.93 S2O320.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Initial Concentrations (M) I
-

Time BrO30.0160 0.0120 0.0080 0.0040 sec 23.47 35.04 55.66 110.25

Rate M/sec 7.10E-07 4.75E-07 2.99E-07 1.51E-07

0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

X-axis log(BrO3 ) -1.8 -1.9 -2.1 -2.4

Y-axis log(Rate) -6.140 -6.320 -6.520 -6.820

Log(BrO3-) vs. Log(rate) Place your plot relating to the reaction order for BrO 3- here, making it large enough to cover this -6.100 box (so that it is easy to read). -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 Refer to the text box above for hints about what to plot. -6.200
FOR FULL CREDIT: - plot the correct data on each axis
- correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to start at 0)

-6.300 -6.400

-6.500 y = 1.0952x - 4.2048 0.9886 options that "display equation - use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose R the= trendline on chart" and "dis play R-6.600
- appropriately title the plot squared on chart"

Log (rate) M/s

-6.700 -6.800

Log(BrO3-) M

-6.900

What is the order with respect to BrO3- as determined from your data? 1 Round to the nearest whole number. If no trendline equation is provided on the plot, no credit will be given for your answer to this question.

Page 6 of 28

Reaction Order Determination for H+

Table of Recorded Temperature, Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate
Experiment Run # Run 9 Run 10 Run 11 Run 12 Temp Celsius 29.58 29.88 29.68 29.83 S2O3
2-

Initial Concentrations (M) I0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 H+ 0.0400 0.0300 0.0200 0.0100 BrO3
-

Time sec 11.52 15.73 40.12 157.81

Rate M/sec 1.45E-06 1.06E-06 4.15E-07 6.34E-07

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

X-axis log(H+) -1.4 -1.5 -1.7 -2.0

Y-axis log(Rate) -5.830 -5.970 -6.380 -6.190

Place your plot relating to the reaction order for H+ here, making it large enough to cover this box (so that it is easy to read).

Log (H+) vs. Log (rate)

-1 -0.8

Refer to the text box above for hints about what to plot.

-5.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -5.8

-5.9

-1.8 -1.6 FOR FULL CREDIT:

-1.4

-1.2

- plot the correct data on each axis

Log(rate) M/s

- correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to start at 0) -6 - appropriately title the plot

y = 1.8643x - 3.2014 R = 0.9926

-6.1

- use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose the trendline options that "display equation on chart" and "display Rsquared on chart" -6.2

-6.3 -6.4

Log(H+) M

-6.5

What is the order with respect to H+ as determined from your data? 2 Round to the nearest whole number. If no trendline equation is provided on the plot, no credit will be given for your answer to this question.

Page 7 of 28

Calculation of Rate Constant, k

Show your calculation of k using Run 3: Rate= k[BrO3-]1[I-]1[H3O+]2 3.14e-7 M/s= k[.008]1[.0020]1[.020]2
k= 12.265 M-3s-1

Table of Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, Calculated Rate, and Calculated k

Experiment Run # Run 3 Run 7 Run 11 . S2O320.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Initial Concentrations (M) I
-

Time BrO30.0080 0.0080 0.0080 sec 53.15 55.66 40.12

Rate M/sec 3.14E-07 2.99E-07 4.15E-07 Average: Std Deviation: Units:

0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

12.27 46.72 64.84 41.28 26.70

M-3s-1

Determination of Activation Energy, Ea

Show the calculation of Ea uncatalyzed using the average room temp data and 0C data:

k1= 1.05E-7 M-3s-1 k2 = 3.4E-7 M-3s-1 ln(3.4E-7/1.05E-7)= (-Ea8.316JMolK)((1302.85K)-(1273.28K)) Ea= 27.895kJ

k E 1 1 ln 2 = - a - R T2 T1 k1

Table of Temperature, Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate

Activation Energy: Uncatalyzed

Experiment Run # Ave * Run 13 Temp Celsius 29.7 0.13 S2O320.0001 0.0001 Initial Concentrations (M) I0.0020 0.0020 H+ 0.0200 0.0200 BrO30.0080 0.0080 Ea = Time sec 50 158.52 Rate M/sec 3.4E-07 1.05E-07

* Average value from runs # 3, 7, & 11 Ea of the uncatalyzed reaction: 27.895kJ kJ/mol

Table of Temperature, Initial Concentrations, Time of Reaction, and Calculated Rate

Activation Energy: Catalyzed with Ammonium Molybdate

Experiment Run # Run 14 Run 15 Temp Celsius 25.96 0.12 S2O320.0001 0.0001 Initial Concentrations (M) I0.0020 0.0020 H+ 0.0200 0.0200 BrO30.0080 0.0080 Ea = Time sec 29.92 63.42 Rate M/sec 5.57E-07 2.63E-07

Ea of the catalyzed reaction:

19.7

kJ/mol

Page 8 of 28

Part II: Crystal Violet-Hydroxide Reaction

READ THIS BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE DATA ANALYSIS FOR PART II OF THIS EXPERIMENT:
For Part II of the lab, you will first evaluate the data for the CV+ standards to obtain a value for molar absorptivity ( e) that you will then use to convert Absorbance data to [CV+] (Remember: A=ebc). You will then evaluate the concentration data as a function of time using the integrated rate law method of determining the orders with respecto to each reactant and the rate contant for the reaction at this temperature.
You will plot all of the data for Run 1. However, for the calibration curve, the data in Runs 2-4, and the determination of the order with respect to OH-, INSTEAD OF CREATING ADDITIONAL PLOTS, WE WILL USE A SHORTCUT THAT EMPLOYS FUNCTIONS WITHIN EXCEL TO DETERMINE THE SLOPE AND Y-INTERCEPT FOR A SET OF DATA. To use these functions, click on the cell in which you want the result to appear, G339 for the slope and G340 for the y-intercept, and enter the following: =SLOPE(D337:D340,C337:C340) =INTERCEPT(D337:D340,C337:C340) D337:D340 represent the cells that contain data for the y-axis (Absorbance) and C337:C340 represent data for the x-axis. This is a short cut to creating an actual plot of the data and generating the trendline equation of y = mx + b. You will create three plots on page 9, using the data from Run 1, to determine the order of the reaction with respect to CV+. Once you know the order of the reaction with respect to CV+, you will perform the necessary "slope" functions for the other three runs to determine k' for each run. When you get to the section for determining the order of the reaction with respect to OH-, you will also need to use the "intercept" function mentioned above.

Concentration of stock solutions

CV+ OH
-

Volume of CV+ stock solution needed to make 25 mL of 1.0 x 10-5 M CV+ is

CV+ 2.5 mL

1.00E-04 0.10

M M

Calibration Curve Data

Dilution Factor [CV ] (M)
+

l max, CV
Absorbance

565

nm

10.0 4.0 2.0 1.0

1.0E-06 2.5E-06 5.0E-06 1.0E-05

0.124 0.261 0.569 0.885

Slope and Y-intercept for Absorbance vs. [CV+] slope 84950 y-int 6.685E-02

What is the molar absorptivity for the CV+ at this wavelength?

molar absorptivity, e
-1 -1 84950 M cm

Table of Volumes and Final Concentrations During Solution Preparation for Runs 1-4
Run Number 1 2 3 4 NaOH (mL) 2 1.5 1 0.5 DI water (mL) 0.5 1 1.5 2 CV+ (mL) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 mLTotal 3 3 3 3 [CV+]f, M 5.00E-06 5.00E-06 5.00E-06 5.00E-06 [NaOH]f, M 0.0667 0.0500 0.0333 0.0167

*[CV+]f and [NaOH]f are the final concentrations after all reagents are mixed and the initial concentration for the start of the reactions

Page 9 of 28

Show your calculation of the [CV +] at the first timepoint in Run #1: A=EbC .561= (84950 M-1cm-1) x (1cm) x c c= 6.60E-6M

READ THIS BEFORE PROCEEDING

For evaluating the data for Run 1, enter your time and absorbance values, as recorded in your lab notebook during lab, in columns A and B, respectively. In column C, convert the aborbance values to concentration according to the example you provided at the top of this page. In column D, convert the [CV +] values from column C to ln [CV+]. In column E, convert the [CV+] values from column C to 1/[CV+] . Insert the plots used to determine the order with respect to [CV+] on the next page, then come back and provide the summary information as requested.

Run 1 Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Absorbance 0.561 0.502 0.447 0.399 0.356 0.318 0.283 0.252 0.224 0.200 0.171 [CV+]t 6.60E-06 5.90E-06 5.26E-06 4.70E-06 4.19E-06 3.74E-06 3.33E-06 2.97E-06 2.64E-06 2.35E-06 2.01E-06 ln[CV+]t -11.928 -12.041 -12.155 -12.269 -12.383 -12.496 -12.612 -12.728 -12.846 -12.959 -13.116 1/[CV+]t 1.52E+05 1.69E+05 1.90E+05 2.13E+05 2.39E+05 2.67E+05 3.00E+05 3.37E+05 3.79E+05 4.25E+05 4.97E+05

Which plot on the next page is the most linear?

Time vs. ln[CV+]t

Based on the plots you created on the next page, what is the order of this reaction with respect to CV+?
first order

RUN #1 What is the value of the slope for the most linear plot? What is the psuedo-rate constant (k') for this reaction?

-0.01170 1.17E-02

Page 10 of 28

Time vs. [CV+]t

Place your plot of [CV+] vs time here, making it large enough to cover this box (so that it is easy to 7.00E-06 read).

6.00E-06
FOR FULL CREDIT:

5.00E-06 4.00E-06 3.00E-06 2.00E-06

- plot the correct data on each axis

- appropriately title the plot

y = -4E-08x + 6E-06 - use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose the trendline options that "display equation on chart" and "display R-squared on chart" R = 0.9794 1.00E-06 0.00E+00 0 50

[CV+]t

- correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to start at 0)

Time (s)

100

150

Time vs. ln[CV+]t Place your plot of ln[CV+] vs time here, making it large enough to cover this box (so that it is easy to read). -11.800
FOR FULL CREDIT: -12.000

20

40

60

80

100

120

- appropriately title the plot -12.600 - use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose the trendline options that "display equation on chart" and "display R-squared on chart" -12.800

ln[CV+]t

- plot the correct data on each axis -12.200 - correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to start-12.400 at 0)

-13.000 -13.200

Time (s) Time vs. 1/[CV+]t

y = -0.0117x - 11.92 R = 0.9991

6.00E+05

Place your plot of 1/[CV+] vs time here, making it large enough to cover this box (so that it is easy 5.00E+05 to read). y = 3295.4x + 123211
FOR FULL CREDIT: 4.00E+05
- plot the correct data on each axis

R = 0.9637

2.00E+05 - appropriately title the plot

- use Excel to add a trendline for the data...be sure to choose the trendline options that "display equation on chart" and "display 1.00E+05 R-squared on chart" .

1/[CV+]t

- correctly label each axis and format the axis such that the data being plotted fills the majority of the graph (axes do NOT need to start at 0)

3.00E+05

0.00E+00

20

40

Time (s)

60

80

100

120

Page 11 of 28

Note: in row 462 of columns D and I, provide the correct column title based on what data you are entering.
Run 2 Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Absorbance 0.547 0.498 0.450 0.409 0.370 0.337 0.306 0.277 0.251 0.224 0.202 [CV+]t 6.40E-06 5.86E-06 5.30E-06 4.81E-06 4.36E-06 3.97E-06 3.60E-06 3.26E-06 2.95E-06 2.64E-06 2.38E-06 ln[CV+] -11.959 -12.047 -12.148 -12.244 -12.344 -12.437 -12.534 -12.634 -12.732 -12.846 -12.949 Run 3 Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Absorbance 0.509 0.549 0.509 0.472 0.439 0.409 0.381 0.353 0.328 0.305 [CV+]t 5.99E-06 6.46E-06 5.99E-06 5.56E-06 5.17E-06 4.81E-06 4.48E-06 4.16E-06 3.86E-06 3.59E-06

RUN #2 What is the value of the slope for the most linear plot?
-0.00990

What is the psuedo-rate constant (k') for this reaction?

9.90E-03

RUN #3 What is the value of the slope for the most linear plot?
-0.00650

What is the psuedo-rate constant (k') for this reaction?

6.50E-03

Page 12 of 28

Note: in row 513 of column D, provide the correct column title based on what data you are entering.
Run 4 Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Absorbance 0.398 0.594 0.580 0.549 0.539 0.509 0.490 0.471 0.453 0.435 0.417 [CV+]t 4.69E-06 6.99E-06 6.83E-06 6.46E-06 6.34E-06 5.99E-06 5.77E-06 5.54E-06 5.33E-06 5.12E-06 4.91E-06 ln[CV+]t -12.271 -11.871 -11.895 -11.949 -11.968 -12.025 -12.063 -12.103 -12.142 -12.182 -12.224 -0.002000

RUN #4 What is the value of the slope for the most linear plot?

What is the psuedo-rate constant (k') for this reaction?

2.00E-03

Reaction Order Determination for OHConsult the "Helpful Information" section in the introductory pages for this experiment in the lab manual for help with this last section of data analysis. As you did in the previous secion for the slope and y-intercept calculations, you will again use the functions in Excel rather than creating a plot.

Run #
1 2 3 4

[OH-]
0.0666 0.0500 0.0333 0.0166

k'
1.17E-02 9.90E-03 6.50E-03 2.00E-03

ln[OH-]
-2.709 -2.996 -3.401 -4.098

ln(k')
-4.448 -4.615 -5.036 -6.215

ln(k') vs. ln([OH-]) slope 93.000 y-int -0.47

Show your calculation of the rate constant for the overall reaction.
The rate constant can be founf by taking the anti log of the y-intercept

10^(-.47)= .338 M-1s-1

Order of the reaction with respect to [OH-]:

Page 13 of 28

Rate constant for the overall reaction, k: Units for k:

0.338 M-1s-1

Results and Discussion Part I

1. Based on your data and the average value for the rate constant at room temperature for the uncatalyzed write the complete rate law, including the value and units for the rate constant. (1 pt) 14.28M-3s-1[BrO3]1[I-][H30+]2 2. The literature values for the reaction orders are 1 for BrO3- and I- and 2 for H+. Calculate the % error the experimental value for the order with respect to [I-]. H+: (1.8643-2/2)(100)=6.78% BrO3-: (1.0952-1)(100)=9.52%
I: (1.29-1)(100)=29%

3. Discuss your most likely sources of error in Part I. (1 pt) We did have a signifigant amount of percent error and one possible source of error may have been that we placed the wrong volume of reactants in each run which would have lead to innacruate results. Another source of error may have occured when we were preparing the dilutions.If we calculated or measured the dilutions incorrectly this would have lead to data collections that were innacurate. A final error may have been that we did not completely rinse out our test tube for each run, which would have lead to incorrect volume and concentration measurments.

4. How do the activation energies for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction compare to each other? Is this in line with what is expected? Explain. (2 pts)

Percent difference: (27.895-19.7)/((27.895+19.7)/2) x (100%) = 34.43% The activation energy of the uncatalyzed reaction is higher than that of the catalyzed reaction which is in line with what is expected because a reaction that is catalyzed had a transition state that has been lower so it is able to occur much faster which is evident in the percent difference.

Part II

(1 pt) 1. Based on your data, write the complete rate law, including value and units for the rate constant.

2. The literature values of the orders with respect to CV+ are and OH- are 1 and 1 respectively. Calculate the % error for the experimental value for the order with respect to [OH-]. (1pt)
Rate= .338M-1s-1[CV+]1[OH-]1 Our graph with the most linear graph was ln[CV+] meaning that we had a first order reaction, which matches that of

Page 14 of 28
Rate= .338M-1s-1[CV+]1[OH-]1 Our graph with the most linear graph was ln[CV+] meaning that we had a first order reaction, which matches that of the literature. % error with respect to [OH-]

Page 15 of 28

ny part of this lab own independent

book is 65 pts)

vide a brief description ow the rate law for one

determine the rate dding a catalysts, arying the concentration ctants, we will be able to

vide a brief description

, determine the order of accomplish this we are ut the order of the plots is most linear. We r, the determine the slopes we

Page 16 of 28

(3 pts)

Rate M/s 8.89E-07 6.16E-07 3.14E-07 1.46E-07 7.10E-07 4.75E-07 2.99E-07 1.51E-07 1.45E-06 1.06E-06 4.15E-07 6.34E-07 1.05E-07 5.57E-07 2.63E-07

(2 pts)

Page 17 of 28

(1 pts)

er this box

(5 pts)

NOT need to

(1 pt)

Page 18 of 28

Page 19 of 28

(1 pt)

Page 20 of 28

Outlier

er this box

(1 pt)

Page 21 of 28

(2 pts)

(1 pt)

(3 pts)

(2 pts)

Page 22 of 28

) that you will then as a function of time using for the reaction at this

mination of the order with OYS FUNCTIONS WITHIN click on the cell in which

axis. This is a

+. Once you her three runs to determine u will also need to use the

(3 pts)

tion needed 0-5 M CV+ is

(1 pt)

(1 pt)

Page 23 of 28

(2 pts)

(1 pt)

(1 pt)

(1 pt) (1 pt)

Page 24 of 28

(5 pts)

Page 25 of 28

are entering.

ln[CV+] -12.025 -11.949 -12.025 -12.101 -12.173 -12.244 -12.315 -12.391 -12.465 -12.537

(1 pt)

ost linear plot?

r this reaction? (1 pt)

Page 26 of 28

ost linear plot?

r this reaction? (1 pt)

for help with ions, you will

(2 pts)

Page 27 of 28

(2 pts)

for the uncatalyzed,

ate the % error for

pt) been that we placed her source of error utions incorrectly this did not completely tion measurments.

o each other? Is

which is in line with er so it is able to

e constant.

ctively. Calculate

which matches that of

Page 28 of 28

which matches that of