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Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test On Single Phase Transformer

The document describes procedures for open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer to determine its equivalent circuit parameters. The OC test is performed with the secondary open to measure magnetizing current and determine magnetizing branch parameters. The SC test is done with the secondary shorted to find total resistance and leakage inductance by measuring voltage, current, and power with a varying primary voltage. Test results are used to calculate the transformer's resistance, reactance, power factor, and efficiency.

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Pratap Singh
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107 views

Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test On Single Phase Transformer

The document describes procedures for open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer to determine its equivalent circuit parameters. The OC test is performed with the secondary open to measure magnetizing current and determine magnetizing branch parameters. The SC test is done with the secondary shorted to find total resistance and leakage inductance by measuring voltage, current, and power with a varying primary voltage. Test results are used to calculate the transformer's resistance, reactance, power factor, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Pratap Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test on Single Phase Transformer

AIM To perform O.C and S.C test on a single-phase transformer, and nd its equivalent circuit parameters. THEORY Open circuit test Open circuit test helps to nd out the magnetizing current drawn by the transformer and in the determination of the magnetizing branch parameters. As the name suggests the secondary side is kept open circuited during this test. Since there is no secondary current the primary current is equal to the magnetizing current. The active component of the no-load current corresponds to the core loss and reactive component of this current corresponds to the magnetizing volt-ampere required by the transformer. Measuring power input, current and voltage on the primary side, the active and reactive components of the no load current can be separated. With the following quantities being measured, Voltage applied to the primary winding (V1 ) No-load power input (P0 ) 1

No-load current (I0 ) we can obtain the following parameters power factor cos 0 = P0 V1 I 0

Active component of current Ia = I0 cos 0 Reactive component of current Im = I0 sin 0 Core loss resistance R0 = V1 /Ia Mangnetizing reactance Xm = V1 /Im CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
P A M L

C 230V, 50H AC Supply

V V

Figure 1: Circuit Diagram

PROCEDURE

1. The open circuit test is usually done on the L.V side, keeping the H.V side open. 2. Connections are made as shown in the diagram. 3. Keep the autotransformer at the minimum position 2

4. Switch on the supply. 5. Vary the autotransformer in steps up to the rated voltage and 6. Note down the corresponding voltage, current and power. OBSERVATIONS Sl.No. Primary Voltage ( V1 ) Primary Current ( I0 ) Power ( W0 )

Short circuit test The short circuit test determines the total resistance and leakage inductance of the windings. When the secondary terminals are short circuited, the secondary current is large, because only the transformer winding impedance (usually small) limits it. To keep the current within limits, a low voltage to the transformers high voltage side with the low voltage side being shorted. Since the voltage applied is low, the magnetizing current through the no load branch in its equivalent circuit can be ignored since it is low. Copper loss = Wattmeter reading Wsc 3

Power factor = cos = Wsc /(VscIsc )


2 Rt = Wsc /Isc

Xt =

2 (Zt2 Rt )

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
P M L

C 230V, 50H AC Supply V

V A

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram

PROCEDURE

1. The short circuit test is usually done on the H.V side keeping the L.V side short circuited. 2. Connections are made as shown in the diagram. 3. Keep the autotransformer at the minimum position. 4. Vary the autotransformer in steps up to the rated current indicated by the primary ammeter (Isc ). 5. Note down the corresponding voltage, current and power (Vsc , Isc , Wsc ).

OBSERVATIONS Sl.No. Primary Voltage ( V1 ) Primary Current ( I0 ) Power ( W0 )

QUESTIONS 1. If theOC and SC test on a transformer are carried out at 50 Hz and then the same tests are repeated at 60 Hz, will the parameters obtained in the two cases be dierent? 2. During the SC test the wattmeter shows 125 W, when 20 amps current is owing through secondary winding. What will be the reading of wattmeter when 40 ampere current is owing through the secondary? 3. How will you calculate eciency using the results obtained from OC and SC test?

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