UNIT: French Revolution (CH 19) People Person Abb Siys State France Signi icance o Person The

in!ivi!ual ro" the "i!!le class #ho a!vocate! or the rights an! po#er o the Thir! $state% He state! that the Thir! $state #as &ever'thing() an! until that point in the political or!er it ha! *een &nothing(% +ouis ,-I ha! his title re"ove! *' the #ill o the French people) an! he #as no# .no#n as Citi/en Capet *ecause o his a"il' na"e% This is the na"e that #as use! or hi" in trial) an! it #as Citi/en Capet that #as sent to the guillotine in 1091% a leader of the Committee of Public Safety. A key leader in the Reign of Terror, executed by Robespierre

France Citizen Capet

Jaques Danton Marie Antoinette

France France France

Marquis de Lafayette France

Maximilien Robespierre

France Olympe de ou!es

3reat ;ritain "illiam #itt t$e %oun!er

Queen of rance, !ife of "ing #ouis $%&' she !as (ueen during the rench Re)olution and disliked by many rench citi*ens. found guilty of treason and guillotined. Hero o the 2"erican Revolution) one o the co""an!ers o the National 3uar! in France% He *rought into practice the i!ea o the re! an! *lue stripes o Paris) separate! *' the #hite stripe o the 4ing) an! the lag o revolutionar' France% 2 sel less politician #ho use! the po#er o the 5aco*ins to his a!vantage% He !epen!e! on the support o the sans6culottes) *ut he #as against !e6 Christiani/ation an! the #ar in 1097% He #as a controversial igure *ecause as the terror #ent on) he starte! e8ecuting "an' people #ho #ere aligne! #ith his o#n *elie s in or!er to secure his o#n position o lea!ership% He #as eventuall' e8ecute! *ecause o all o the ene"ies he ha! create!% The e8ecution happene! on the ninth o Ther"i!or% He #as not save! *' an'one) *ecause he "a!e too "an' ene"ies in all political actions% Create! Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen, a pu*lication #hich a!!e! the #or! &#o"an( to "an' o the clauses o the original 1099 !ocu"ent% !e 3ouges a!vocate! or *etter e!ucation or #o"en) e:ual econo"ic an! a"ilial rights) an! respect in conte"porar' societ'% Pri"e <inister o $nglan! in the 7n! hal o the 19th centur'% Pitt turne! against all i!eas o re or" a ter hearing o the atrocit' in France) suppresse! the #or.ers= union .no#n as the +on!on Correspon!ing Societ') revo.e! ha*eas corpus) an! atte"pte! to revo.e) #ithout "uch success) ree!o" o the press%

$vent>+egislatio n

Regio n

?ate

Signi icance

Constitution of &'(&

)ran*e

&'(&

Ci.il Constitution of t$e Cler!y

)ran*e

&'(2

De*laration of t$e Ri!$ts of Man and Citizen

)ran*e

Au! &'9(

reat )ear

)ran*e

&'9(

+ennis Court Oat$

)ran*e

&'9(

+$ermidorian Rea*tion

)ran*e

&'(<

+$e la,s in t$is Constitution *reated a uni*ameral le!islature t$at *ould pass le!islation as its o,n body- and t$e monar*$ !ot a .eto po,er t$at *ould only delay- and not s$ut do,n- le!islation/ 0A*ti.e *itizens1 *ould .ote- but ,omen did not $a.e nearly as many ri!$ts as men/ Separated )ran*e from t$e *$ur*$ by de*reasin! t$e number of dio*eses and ma3in! t$e *ler!y employees of t$e state/ Most of t$e *ler!y in t$e )ren*$ C$ur*$ ,ent a!ainst t$e measure- and ,$en t$e #ope *ondemned t$is A4D DRMC- t$ere ,as a population t$at started to las$ out to,ard liberalism/ Louis 567 $ad a .ery stron! relu*tan*e to,ard passin! t$is item- and it is *onsidered t$e ma8or Considered t$e 0deat$ *ertifi*ate1 of t$e Old Re!ime/ +$e DRMC ,as a pre*ursor to a full *onstitution for t$e )ren*$and of all t$e t$in!s it ar!ued for- t,o stood out: *i.i* equality and t$e prote*tion of property/ 6t also affirmed reli!ious freedom/ +$e ,ord "an is purposefully used in t$e title of t$e do*ument- and is not ta3en to mean 0man3ind1/ Many ,omen $oped t$ese ri!$ts ,ould be Rural people started !oin! around and burnin! *$ateausfeudal re*ords- et*/ As a result- many liberal nobles !a.e up t$eir titles- and t$ose titles ,ere repla*ed ,it$ 0Citizen1/ +$e 4ational Constituent Assembly de*lared t$at t$ey ,ere offi*ially abolis$in! t$e feudal re!ime- and t$erefore puttin! an end to problems t$at $ad been o**urrin! for almost a full quarter *entury in )ran*e/ +$e +$ird ;state ,as lo*3ed out of t$eir usual meetin! pla*e- so t$ey too3 t$e oat$ to sit until t$ey *ould $a.e a ne, )ren*$ *onstitution in a random +ennis Court/ A lar!e portion of t$e *ler!y and nobility also 8oined t$e 4ational Assembly- so Louis 576 su**umbed and allo,ed t$em to .ote by $ead rat$er t$an by estate/ )iolent backlash in rance against the rule of Robspierre that began !ith his arrest and execution. +acobins !ere purged from public office, harrassed, and murdered +$e ,omen felt t$at t$e 3in! ,as not li.in! up to $is responsibilities- and t$at $e s$ould $a.e tended to t$e pri*e of bread- et*/ +$e ,omen tried to for*e Louis 576 and $is ,ife to *ome ba*3 to #aris/ >e*ause of a lar!e amount of suspi*ion t$at needed to resol.ed- Louis $ad no *$oi*e but to su**umb and *ome ba*3/ 66@ and #russia ?)rederi*3 De*laration by Austria ?Leopold 66@ t$at t$ey ,ould in.ade )ran*e to prote*t t$e monar*$y if ot$er ;uropean po,ers a!reed/ +$is did not ,or3 be*ause reat >ritain did not *onsent- and in )ran*e t$e monar*$y ,as past t$e point of restoration/

"omen=s Mar*$ on 7ersailles

)ran*e

&'9(

De*laration of #illnitz

)ran*e

&'(&

I?s Cahiers de Dolances ?lists of !rie.an*es@ A List of !rie.an*es from t$e lo*al ele*tors to be brou!$t by representati.es to t$e ;states eneral/ 6t in*luded su*$ t$in!s as *riti*isms of !o.ernment ,aste- indire*t taxes- *$ur*$ taxes- $untin! ri!$ts of aristo*ra*y- la*3 of meetin!s of t$e ;states eneral- et*/ +$e o.er,$elmin! demand ,as equality of ri!$ts amon! t$e 3in!=s sub8e*ts/ +$is *ould not be dis*usses until .otin! issues ,ere ,or3ed out/

Committee of #ubli* Safety A A *ommittee establis$ed by t$e Con.ention for t$e purpose of *rus$in! antiBre.olution for*es/ +$ey ,or3ed ,it$ t$e sansB*ulottes- but only be*ause of *al*ulated selfBinterest/ Cult of t$e Supreme >ein! B form of deism established in rance by ,aximilien Robespierre during the rench Re)olution. !as intended to become the state religion of the ne! rench Republic. Departments 6n order to lo*alize !o.ernmental affairs- 9C departments ,ere *reated in )ran*e/ 6n t$ese areas- lo*al ele*tions and ot$er lo*al pro*esses ,ere easily streamlinedand t$e pro.in*es still exist to t$is day/ #ro*edures ,ere a lot simpler and de!radin! punis$ments ,ere remo.ed from t$e boo3s/ Dire*tory B fi)e -irectors that held executi)e po!er in rance follo!ing the Con)ention and preceding the Consulate. !ere corrupt, no one liked them Dmi!rs A aristo*rats ,$o fled )ran*e be*ause t$ey ,ere losin! presti!e and ,anted to foment *ounterre.olution/ An example is t$e *ount of Artois- Louis 576- and t$e Ein! and $is Fueen t$emsel.es/ irondists A t$e preeminent !roup of Ja*obins t$at exer*ised t$eir ,ill on )ran*e/ +$ey ,ere absolutely opposed to *ounterre.olution- and to t$is end t$ey for*ed migrs to return to )ran*e or suffer a loss of land/ +$ey also de*lared ,ar on Austria/ +$eir mo.ements *aused e.en more *$an!es t$an did t$e 4ational Assembly- be*ause no, su*$ ,omen as #auline Leon ,ere ar!uin! for t$eir ri!$ts to ser.e t$eir *ountry in battle/ +$e ultimate result of t$is ,ar ,as t$e for*in! of t$e 3in! and queen to mo.e from t$e +uileries #ala*e to t$e Le!islati.e Assembly- and t$ou!$ t$ey $ad a ni*e pla*e to li.e- t$e monar*$ no, $ad absolutely no po,er/ Ja*obins A a !roup of deputies t$at formed after t$e dissol.in! of t$e +$ird ;state/ +$ese indi.iduals preferred a republi* to a *onstitutional monar*$y- and t$eir ;nli!$tenment A style ideals ,ere t$e most popular of all of t$e indi.idual s*$ools of t$ou!$ts/ Ad.an*ement of t$eir ideals ,as made espe*ially easy by t$e establis$ment of *onstitutional monar*$y/ #aris Commune B existed before the split bet!een anarchists and ,arxists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of po!er by the !orking class during the &ndustrial Re)olution Rei!n of +error A started mostly by t$e radi*al Mountain in t$e $opes of *rus$in! t$e *ounterre.olution/ +o t$is end- t$ere ,ere t$ousands of exe*utions and murders from &'(CB(<- and t$ey *an only be understood in terms of t$e !oals of t$e Mountain or in t$e *ontext of t$e ,ar/ So*iety of Re.olutionary Republi*an "omen A a !roup formed by #auline Leon and Claire La*ombe- ,$i*$ $ad a ,ell A 3no,n !oal of limitin! t$e *ounterre.olution/ At first- t$e Ja*obins ,el*omed t$is !roup- but ,$en t$e ,omen de*ided to see3 stri*t *ontrols on food pri*es and t$e ri!$t to ,ear t$e same re.olutionary attire as men- t$e Ja*obins started to suppress t$e !roup for t,o reasons: first- ,omen li.ed in domesti* sp$eresG and se*ondt$e So*iety also disa!reed ,it$ many e*onomi* poli*ies of t$e Ja*obins- and .i*e .ersa/ sans-culottes A a term meanin! 0,it$out bree*$es1 used for t$e people of #aris ,$o ,ere radi*al and be*3oned for reform/ +$eir li.es ,ere made in*reasin!ly diffi*ult in t$e old re!ime- and t$ey disli3ed all forms of )ren*$ !o.ernment t$at *ame before t$emin*ludin! t$e *onstitutional monar*$y and .arious forms of representati.e !o.ernment-

be*ause t$ey belie.ed t$at t$at monar*$y ,as not standin! up for equity amon! $umansbut simply ,anted to s$are po,er ,it$ aristo*rats/ +$ey ,ere .ery republi*an- and t$ey $ad politi*al domains in #aris- ,$ere t$ey ,ere .ery impatient to see t$eir needs met/ t$e Mountain A +$e Ja*obins ,ere not exa*tly t$e same in ideals as t$eir *ounterparts in t$e sansB*ulottes- mainly be*ause t$ey preferred representati.e !o.ernment and an unre!ulated e*onomy/ 4e.ert$eless- as some of t$e Ja*obins be*ame more extreme- a !roup *onsistin! of prominent sansB*ulottes and Ja*obins be*ame t$e Mountain be*ause of t$e $ei!$t of t$eir seats in t$e assembly $all/ +$is !roup separated itself from t$e irondists/ leve en masse A plan for mass military *ons*ription of males and t$e redire*tion of e*onomi* produ*tion to,ard t$e support of military pursuits/ 6t ,as *arried out by Lazare Carnot/ 6t mar3ed per$aps t$e only time t$at any *ountry or !o.ernment ,as run in t$is manner- and it si!nified t$at t$e true Rei!n of +error $ad be!un/ #A% A++;4+6O4 +O +H; ORD;R 64 "H6CH +H;S; OCCIR ?t$is is in t$e *orre*t order@ : ;states eneral 4ational Assembly 4ational Constituent Assembly Le!islati.e Assembly