Scribd
Upload
256 views24 pages

Introduction To Reservoir Simulation

Reservoir simulation involves building a numerical model of a reservoir using a large number of cells. Equations are then solved to calculate pressures and flows within the reservoir over time. It requires data on the reservoir structure, rock and fluid properties, wells, and historical production. Reservoir simulation can be used to history match past performance, predict future performance under different scenarios, examine the effects of operational changes, and determine optimal development strategies. The benefits include evaluating different recovery methods, well placements, and production rates to maximize hydrocarbon recovery from the reservoir.

Uploaded by

Farrukh Khattak
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
256 views24 pages

Introduction To Reservoir Simulation

Reservoir simulation involves building a numerical model of a reservoir using a large number of cells. Equations are then solved to calculate pressures and flows within the reservoir over time. It requires data on the reservoir structure, rock and fluid properties, wells, and historical production. Reservoir simulation can be used to history match past performance, predict future performance under different scenarios, examine the effects of operational changes, and determine optimal development strategies. The benefits include evaluating different recovery methods, well placements, and production rates to maximize hydrocarbon recovery from the reservoir.

Uploaded by

Farrukh Khattak
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Introduction to Reservoir simulation

Ilyas Khurshid

Contents
What is reservoir simulation What can it do What does it need Objectives of reservoir simulation Benefits of reservoir simulation Typical problems of reservoir simulation Requirements of reservoir simulation History of reservoir simulation

Reservoir Simulation
What is it ?
Numerical model of reservoir made up of a large number of cells. Equations are solved to calculate pressures and Flows

What can it do ?
Used to predict future performance to decide on optimum development strategies

What data does it need


Structural information, rock properties, fluid properties, well data, historical production and operating constraints

Underlying concepts
Mass Balance Darcys Law Well inflow model Physical PVT model

Objectives of Simulation Study


1. To gather all information available 2. To augment/replace basic methods 3. To history match past performance 4. To predict future performance 5. To determine what is important 6. To examine effects of variation in data 7. To compare scenarios 8. To investigate problem areas 9. To understand the reservoir requirements for simulation

Benefits of Reservoir Simulation

Benefits of Reservoir Simulation


Examine the performance of a given reservoir under
Depletion, Water injection or Gas cycling.

Judge the most effective type of water flooding: relative merits of


Flank water injection Pattern water flooding

Benefits of Reservoir Simulation


Estimate the effect of
well location Well spacing and number of wells.

Estimate the effect of


Production rate on the hydrocarbon recovery Economics.

Maximize the hydrocarbon recovery.

Benefits of Reservoir Simulation


Find optimal methods of field development and production schemes. Assess possible enhanced oil recovery (EOR) schemes and their implementation. Assess laboratory and field data requirements and their effect on the performance predictions. Investigate the reason why the reservoir behavior deviates from the earlier predictions.

Benefits of Reservoir Simulation


Establish the best completion schemes for wells. Identify the section of reservoir from which the hydrocarbon is produced.

Typical Problems
How Many Wells What Rate Infill Drilling Perforation Work-over Pressure Maintenance Water or Gas Injection Pattern Flood Peripheral Flood

Requirements for Simulation


1. Knowledge of the Reservoir 2. Statement of the Objectives 3. Critical examination of the Data Cautions : 1. Understanding of the reservoir is essential to building a model 2. The model should be made as simple as possible to answer the vital questions 3. The amount of output that can easily be absorbed must be considered
Rubbish in gives rubbish out Garbage in give garbage out

Data Sources: What Data & Where to Get it?

History of Reservoir Simulation


Analogy Well Productivity

Recovery Factors
Reservoir Data Decline Analysis History Match No Operational Change

Indication of Drive Mechanism


Classical Analysis Volumetric Analysis Material Balance Fluid Displacement

Physical Models -

Resistance/Capacitance
Analogue Potentiometric

Numerical Models - Finite Difference

Finite Element
Streamtube

Overview of Classical Analysis

Classical Analysis
AREAS OF ANALYSIS :
VOLUMETRIC MATERIAL BALANCE FLUID DISPLACEMENT

Limitations of Classical Methods


NO DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURES AND SATURATIONS NO INDICATION OF UNSWEPT OR UNCONTACTED AREAS DOES NOT USE SPATIAL INFORMATION

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS :
VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS :
OIP= AREA * hnet * * (1 - Sw ) / Bo

Material Balance
2. MATERIAL BALANCE :
RELATES PRESSURE/PRODUCTION with the energy in the system Gas Cap Expansion Solution Gas Expansion Remaining Oil Rock & Connate Water Expansion Net Water Influx Production Injection

Drive Types
Fluid Expansion: Press > Pb
Solution Gas/Secondary Gas Cap: Press < Pb. Gravity Drainage Primary Gas Cap: Pres < Pb Compaction Drive: Unconsolidated sands, over pressured conditions Water Drive: Aquifer influx due to expansion or high pressure, or water injection

Process Included in GMBE

Material Balance Equation


NBoi = (G -Gpi )Bq - GBqi + Ginj Bqinj [NRsi - (N - Np) Rs - Gps ] Bq + (N - Np) Bo + (Cf + Cw Sw ) ( NBoi/1-Sw) ( pi - p) + We - WpBw + Winj Bwinq

ASSUMES:
"ZERO DIMENSIONAL" NO HETEROGENEITY SINGLE AVERAGE PRESSURE NO CAPILLARY PRESSURE NO COMPOSITION CHANGE

Fluid Displacement
3. FLUID DISPLACEMENT :
Fractional Flow Concept Buckley-Leverett Equation Welqe Tangent Method

You might also like