S3 - MACHEDON - Arhitectura Moderna in Romania 1920-1940
S3 - MACHEDON - Arhitectura Moderna in Romania 1920-1940
S3 - MACHEDON - Arhitectura Moderna in Romania 1920-1940
ARH''EC'URA
ir prnloaoa
1920-t940
morcold de loctori economici si socioli Pono in preoimo onilor '20, in Europo dogmotismul closicismului se diminueczS, losond loc unor [ormule
diverse de orhitecturo modernd, ce voriozd de lo o loro lo olto si de lo o personoliiole lo ollo. Constienti de [optul cd o culturd noiionold nu poote in generol exisio in oforo sferei culturi] universole, oomenii de orto, scriitorii si nu in ultimul rond orhitectii romdni oi epocii si-ou o[irmot prin lucrdrile si oliludlneo lor pozifio de porticiponfl lo inteororeo in sisiemul universol de volori. Romdnio se situJozo lo confluento dinlre culturo occidentolo si ceo orientold, pe core le-o sintetizot prin proprio spirituolitote. De o lungul veocurilor, eo o receplat in diverse modurr morile cuienie ortistice europene. lnlervolul de timp cuprins inlre cele douo Rdzbooie Mondiole rdmOne insd un moment de vor[ ol oderorii si porticiporii intelectuolitdtii
enced
ctors
m o[ clossicism sub-
notionol culture generolly connot exist isoloted from world culture, Romonion ortists, writers ond lost but not
leost, the Romonion orchitecls oI the time, osserted by iheir works ond ottitude their position os portlciponts in lhe iniegrotion in the universol system o[volues Romonio lies ot the crossroods of Western ond Eosten cultures, whlch it hos synthesized through its own spirituoli! Over the centuries, ii hos reocted in vorious woys to ihe moior
ARGTIIIECIURE RoilaIUlA"
11
t920-1940
lo slero culiurii universole George Motei Contocuzino, remorcobilul orhitect si teoreticion ol ocesiei perioode scrio in I 934: ,,Noi nu putem nesocoti,
romdnesti
precum nu ie-om nesocotitnici pe vremuri, morile curenie
"We connot now disregord, os we hove wrote in not done in the post, ihe greot currents of ideos thot
thrill the
,1934.
world"'
MoNDlAl
CONTEXT ECONOMIC SI SOCIAL Creoreo stoiului nolionol unitor in I 9 I 8 foce din Romonio unc din tdrile cu perspective de dezvolfore economicd importontd din Sud Estul Europei. Crizo mondiolo din 1929 33 nu vo oveo repercursiuni importonte osupro socielolii romdnesti. Moi mull, onil crizei mondiole impulsioneozd pe deiin6torii de cop.iiol sd lonseze invesliiii imobiliore in intentio de o se leri de pericolul devolorizoril
o[ economic deve/opmenl in South-Eostern Europe The world crisis of )929- 1933 would not hove moior reoercussions [or Romon on sociely. Moreover. lhe'c.s,s sl'muloted owne's ol copilor lo lounch reol estote investments in o bid to ovoid lhe donger of devoluolion
Concomiteni ore loc pdtrundereo nor/or fehno/ogir de conslructie, in principol folosireo pe sco16 lorgo o betonului ormolTooie ocesteo se coniugd, oso cum o consemneozd observotorii epociir, cu sprrifu/ progresisi
ol ,nvesl:lorilot, core vor consideto co orhilecluro moderno
voluoble exoerts. Tre penetrotion of the new bu,iding lechno/ogres occurred of lhe some time, especiolly-lhe wide-scole use oI rein[orced concrete. A lthese were concerted, os observers noledr, wiih the progressive sprril of fhe investors, who would consider thol modern orchrfecond suils lhe oclivrlure m ,es o[ , ond olso ollowed colly efficient invest for the s free o[ costlY ond menls loborious decorotion
ROMANIA AFTER WORLD WAR ONE THE CCNTEXT CONFERRED BY EXISTING ARCHIECTURE The penetrotion of the new ortistic currenls in Romonio
in tord
si in speciolin Bucuresti o orhiiecturd eierogeno, corocterizotd prin coexistento stilurilor neoclosice, bizontin sou eclectlc, o core se vo oldturo stilul neoro-
de olto porte ocodem smul froncez, oooptot de orienloreo Scolii Rom0nesli de Arhiteciuro, esle prezent prin lucrori importonte reolizote in Bucuresti de cdtre orhitecti froncezi". Primele lentolive de orgonizore o orhitectilor romOni si de constientizoreo o rolului lor in societoie incep cu 'in[iintoreo Sociefolir Architectilor 1 891, prin Romdni, prezidoio de Alexondru Oroscu; recunoostereo lor ofi ciold se vo foceln 1932, cond s-o creot CorpulTehntc ol Arhitectilor
Pe
ble io the world's lo On lhe other hond, French ocodernism, lhe slonce ioken
As in the rest o[ the world, the use o[ reinforced concre e in engineering orcl.ilecrure surpossed ils use rn civil orchitecture The first qroin siloes of reinforced con-
ldsond percepfiel imogineo primelor per[ormonte ole noului moleriol de constructie ol secolului XX. Folosireo betonului ormot lo clodirile civile incepe in RomOnio cu .1906, fOrO lnsO co structuro de rezistento, ce reprezento
impelus of orchifeclure. Duiliu Morcu, one of the mosi imminent orchitects o[ the oceslei perioode, mol,vo proprio evolulie o concepriei lucrorilor sole. ,,Desi oveon o more inclinolie si chior
ne pentru orn
totugi
deo ochil
70
iN nouANrn ANI'20
M
Avongordo ortisticd romoneoscd se monifesfo'incd inoinle
o
D
D
R N E
Coperlo revislei Contimporonul, nr 53 54 1975
Cover o[ Ihe mooozrne
Contimporonul, nJ
ro'noneosco se vo impune prinir-o innoire ecl-ilib.otO, moderolo, gosind ,nso resurse pertru o intensd iorld in
expilmore Cu un oorecore decoloi temporol 'in roporl cu unele curente orlislice si lilerore, orhilecturo modernd vo de-
Hoving o somewhot diflereni evolution from thot oIthe line orts, music or literolure, orchitecture did not know o stoge thol might be defined os o vonguord movement proper in terms of negotivist or chollenging impetus Thot
S: - Sa, tSZS
'ideo
o[
progress,loword o synchronizolion wilh Europeon crvthrough o well-bolonced, modero d ing resources lor on intense force lit tle loter in relotlon io oriistic ond lit d ern orchilecture mode its debut in cond holf of the I 920s, ofter which ir goined o very wide [ollowing.
itselI
din ZUrich si creeozd oici in l9 i 6 impreund cu olle personolitoti miscoreo ortislicd de ovongordo DADA8.
Rolul sou
in
mediul spirituol creotlv romdnesc se vo iroleriolizo odolo cu oporilio revislei Conlrmporonul, in iunie 1922, ol c6rei onimolor o fost pe tootd perioodo oporitiei. Incitonl6 prin continutul ei, desi nu o fosi o revisld speciolizoto in temoiico de orhitecturo, Contrmporonui contine onol ze, relerir, si prezenldri de proiecte de orhitecturd ce conse.nneozd pril noutoteo lor o schimbore rodicolo de otiiudine si o opliune estelicd c^e vo luo in cur0nd locul tendintelor cons limporc:nul Morcel loncu publi iond o pozitie tronsontd foto de o o in ocel moment peisojul
ole in the disseminotion o[ vonguord ideos in lhe Romonion creotive spirituol environment moleriolized with the oppeoronce o[ Conlimporonu/ review, in.lune 1922,wl,ich he continued
urbo
preocuo6rilor indreptote spre ocest subiecr il conslituie numdrul53 5/ din 1925 dedicotin totolilole temoticii de orhitecturd in orlicole co ,,Functiune si [ormd" sou
plostice
Dovedind recepiiviiote si intelegere foto de principolele enuniuri lonsole de Miscoreo Modernd io nivel europeon, Morcel loncu conslderd orhitectr-Lro .o o ,td" lore o spotiului interior. in relolie cu oceostd idee, revisto Confrmporonu/vo dedico numdrul 57 - 58 din I 925 ln intregime interiorului'o Preocupdrile leoretice exprimole in poginile revistei se vor confinuo in curond cu cduldrile formole si functionole experimentote direct pe proiecle lo plonsetd. Consiruiie incep0nd cu 1926, ocesie clodiri, cu funciiuneo de locuinte cu unu sou doud niveluri, sunt de fopt cele dintdi reolizori
in
Romonio. Fdrd o conline elemenle de more complexilote, ele ou meritul demonslrotiei unor inovoiii de oidin compozitionol constituind un moment de 'inceput ol oporiiiei orhitecturii moderniste'in RomOnio Diferile olle publicotii ou di[uzot si onolizot in pooinile
lor demerst,rile pionierilor orhilec'uri, moderne
in Romonio
errofene
de ornitecti o or.ilo, '30, ele ovOnd m"erirr,l cr"reerij uner plotforme teoretice demonstrotive, uneori chior elogioose, ce o fovorizolocceptoreo si odoploreo noii orhitecluri de cdlre socieloreo romoneoscd ' Activitoteo publicistico si criticd de orhitecturo din perioodo interbelico o fdcul cunoscute in cele mor diverse medii ole intelectuoiitotii romonesli ideile curentului modernist, consemndnd si o moiurizore o
otitudinii crilice si pozitii teoreiice echilibrote, periinente,
unor orhitecti precum George Motei Coniocuzino, Horio Creongo, Octov Doicescu etc. Aloturi de Morcel loncu, dor toiol independent de ocesto, Io inceputul onilor '30 vo debuto in fortd orhileciul Horio Creongd co odevdrot fondotor ol orhitecturii moderne romdnesii. lrfluento personolitdiii sole osupro colegilor de generotie o fosl semnilicotivo. El sosesle de lo Poris impreund cu soiio so Lucio Dumbroveonu in 1927, undeisi luose diplomo de orhiiect lo Beoux Arts, bosiionul ocodemismulur
were.comprised o[ such in-deplh onolyses os those conklbuted by orchitects George Motei Contocuzino,
lroncez lo oceo doio Toiusi el vo oduce cu sine ideile ovongordei europene pe core le descoperise pe coni propriu siin conloct direct cu publicotiile vremii. Ei devine [iltrote prin pro teo li contonold europene. Horio expresie modern6, odeseo
from Poris in )927, where he hod token his orchitect's diplomo oi Beoux Arts, the bostion o[ French ocodemism
compozitie
si
72
Horio Creongo would noi consrder lhe modern movemenl i uous episode rn fhe hrsfory o for it regoned the sim
plictty
orchiteiture, which he
Renoissonce etc)"
''
whol
is
lrecut. Eo poote constitui uno din explicotiile modului in core o debutot miscoreo modernd in Romonio, [5rd totonorile unei ovongorde in cdutore de ouiode[inire, ci cu Iucrdri ce demonsireozo de lo inceput o moturilote de gOndire, o forld de creotie bine stoponito, osezotd pe principii noi, core ins6 conlinud roddcinile unei vechi troditii esretice, indelunq experimentoie de orhitecturo
PoPUloro.
ond es o ceiv of th
one ode its debut in Romonio, withoul lhe soundings o[o vonguord in seorch of sel[-definition, but with works thot demon-
si
in scrierile lui
George Motei Contocuzino. ,, Arhiteciuro modernd isi coutd legile lo oborsio utilului, o conslructivului si o ideii sociole Eo nu este in controdictie cu 16vnele orhiiecturii nooslre, ci deschide numoi un lorg registru de
nset o moturity o[ rhlnking, o well mosolion, relying upon new principles which rom on old oesthetic trodition, long test rchitecture. This ideo of continuity would oppeor olso in the writings o[ George Motei Contocuzino." ..Modern orchitecture seeks its lows ollhe source oi lhe useful, oI the constructive ond o[ the sociol ideo lldoes not run counter
posibilitoti" '
Proiectul ,,monifest" pentru imobilul ARO din Bucuresti,
in )929 in
ie in 193 I , proiectul o ovut o evolutie cu tronsformdri succesive, o jungond in [inol lo o expresie plostico colegoricd, cu un limbol formol simplificotin fovooreo unei volumekii
end o colegoricol plostic expression, with o simplified longuoge oi forms fovouring o definite volumetry Apprecioled ond criticized olike, fie proiectwos o mileslone, influencing the creolive will ond copocity of his contemporories
o orhifecturii moderne in RomOnio s-o lScutin primii oni oi deceniului potru, cdnd o inceput sd fie privitd co simbol ol progresului si desLonsoreo pe scord lorgd chidere spre nouo civilizoiie o secolului XX. Acum eo vo cunoosle o exponsiune impresiononi6 prin colitote si contilote, morcdnd definitiv silueto copitolei si o unoro din morile orose ole ldr:i O odevdroto explozie de creolivitote o inceputin ocesli oni Eo se vo foce in concordontd cu pulereo de selectie o mediului culturol romonesc, ior evolulio ei se vo desfosuro sub semnul urmdtoorelor corocterisiici: - Arhitectii romdni ou oclionot independen/ Ei nu s-ou reunitin grupdri co Bouhous, De Stiil, sou olte osemeneo scoli core ou generol curente de ovongordd diferentioie ConturOndu-si independent prelerintele estetice, ou exprimot insd concerlol, prin prismo sensibilitdtii si o[initotii ortistice proprii, optiuneo lor legotd de problemele
ROMANIAN ARCHITECTURE lN THE 1930s The wide scole lounching o[ modern orchitecrure in Romonio occured in the eorly l93Os, when it begon to be regorded os o symbol o[ progress ond opening lo the new civilizolion of the 2Oth century. Now, it would go through impressive exponsion, in quolit'y ond quontity, definitively morking the silhouette of lhe copitol ond of some o[ lhe country's big cifies. A genuine explosion oIcreotivity storted in those yeors. ll would motch lhe seleclive power o[ the Romonion cullurol environment, ond its evolution would unfold olong ihe following lines:
-
fhe Romonion orchilects worked rndependent/y. They did not form groups like the Bouhous, De Stil/ or other
such "schools" thotgeneroted dislinct vonguord curents Estoblishing independenlly their oeslhetic preferences, they dld exercise iheir options in motters o[ [orm ond
73
[ormole si funciionole Din oceosid ocliviiote o unor persono litdti bine individ uol izote, vor opd reo lucrd ri n u lipsite de tendinte moiore comune, core insd overtizeozd prin prezento lor osupro independenfei [iecdrui orhiteci, cOl si osupro modului reloliv unitor in core oceg[io ou prelucroi intr-o dinomicd continud ceeo ce lronsmiteo
miscoreo modernd internotionold - Arhitecluro rom6neoscd rnterbe/icd este deporfe de o reprezenlo o ,,copie" o unor curenle de ovonqordd defo consocrote /o nrvei rnlernoliono/. Diferito in iemnificotii, eo o osimilot, intr-o sincronizore continud cu pro prio porodigmd culturold si spirituolo, ceeo ce lonsou principiile esentiole ole curentului modernist.
ossimiloted,
oi the
were lounching.
zoreo morilor volori universole O succintd onolizd o procesului de creolie porcurs de principoli orhitecti romoni dernonslreozd exislento cotorvo repere comune, eseniio e pentru ceeo ce o 'insemnotin Romonio cureniul modernisf in orhiiecturd I Pozifio fofo de coniexlul existent
ll
I
problemelor
lunctiono le
o congruence con be noted behazeen mind of thot time ctnd the modern expression in form ond funcfion of the orchitecfurol ochievemenls. Although not deprived of theoreticol polemics, the penelrotion of the Modern Movement in Romonio proves the permissiveness ond contri6ution ol thol generotron oI Romonion orchiiects to ihe ochievement o[ the greot wor]d volues. A brieI survey of the creotive process undertoken by the mojor Romonion orchitecis demonslrotes the existence of severol common londmorks, essentiol to whot the modernisl currenl in orchiteclure meonlfor Romonio. l. Posiiion ioword lhe existing context ll Moior functionol oesthetic londmorks lll Mojor principles ol solving [unctionol problems
of
conslruif si
no pentru clod
- Opodunilo
Bucuresiiului, disponibilO o oceo doto interveniiilor importonte lo nivelul orosului si ol cortierului Terenurile oflote lo dispozitie ofero prilejul unor proiecte integrote in tesutul urbon conslruii, dor si insertii urbone mo jore,
cenke isiorice erou deio conslruite in ocel momeni. - Foro o fi conlexluolisld in sensul reloiiei cu celelolte sliluri isiorice, orhirecfuro modernd interbe/icd drn Romdnro deiermino intr-un conlext construit dot formuloreo unor repere spoliole noi, dominoie de volentele curerlului moderr^isl, co.e conlribuie lo ridicoreo volorii
otes o r:nilory urbon group, thot does ror compore with other copilols on lhe Conrinentthe historicol centres oI wh;cn were olreody constitured ot thol lime
his.
esietice, compozitionole si [unclionole ole situJui, prezentond ostfel o formo noud de integrore in
omp/osomenl. Arhilecturo modernd opereozd cu principiice o de, Irnesc foor/e clor in roport c,i dote/e noluroie ole siulut, continond o odopiore fireosc6 si rotionolo lo conditiile nolurole ole lerenului Acesteo sunl explootote cu con-
74
secvenld lo distribuireo [unctiunilor in roport cu punclele cordinole, sou in speculoreo elemenlelor de sislemoti-
orierei respective - Se remorcd modu/ pudicios de ulilizore o geomehier (verlicole si orizontole) o porce/e/or exrslenle. Apore prezentd o relolivd delerminore o formei terenului osupro compozitiei ce conduce lo solutii functionole
si estetice odecvote si lo
omplosomentului
utilizore rotionol6 o
to odequote {uncfionol ond oeslhelic solutions ond to o rotionol use of the sile il. MAJOR FUNCTTONAT-AESTHETTC LANDMARKS
II
tecture
- fhe yolues of the right ong/e ore skilfully lurned to odvontoge by most orchilects . However, interventions
existed thot composed rectongulor volumes with oreos
ol curved surloces The lotter oriiculote lhe rigorously drown'volumes, inkoducing groduoted perception. We could soy the moulding of the curved surfoces, their
subtle ploy, gives the urbon londscope o specific [eoture eosy to recognize - The plostic of the locode olmost constontly empho-
zontolifoleo, olterndnd cu elemente verticole, morcote prin degoioreo unor volume, cu scopul exemplilicdrii principiului de compozitie sou pentru relofionoreo lui cu codrul orosului delerminot de evolutio si dinomico vietii urbone - in Romdnio srmp/ilofeo Iornald oduso de orhitecturo modernd o fost pus6 odeseo, chior de p6rintii ocestei orhitecturi, in legdturo cu forfo orhilecturii populore romOnesii. Acurofefeo f ormelor, volumele pure, compozitio sr simp/iloteo rofinold o orhitecturu popu/ore romdnesli,
sizes the horizontolily, olternoting with verticol elements, morked by the cleoronce of volumes, with lhe gool of illustroling the principle of composition or o[ relo! ing it to the ciiy environment determined by the evolulion ond dynomics oI urbon li[e. - ln Romonio, rhe formol simplicity brought by modern
orchilecture hos o{ten been reloted, even by the [others o[ this orchitecture, to the lorce o[ Romonion populor orchilecture fhe occurocy of forms, lhe pure yo/umes, fhe c/eor composilion ond the ref ined sinplicity of popu/or Romonron orchilecfure, noticed olso by Le Corbusier during his Romonion soiourn ot the beginning of the century, con be considered essentiol requisites thot focililoted Romonion orchiiecls' creotive lhinking.
de Le Corbusier lo kecereo so prin Romonio inceputului de secol, pot fi considerote premisele esentioie ce ou inlesnit gondireo creotoore o orhiremorcote si
lectilor rom6ni
OF SOLVTNG
FUNCTIONAL PROBTEMS
ln lhis respecl, one con distinguish severol levels ot which inter-bellum orchiteclurol creotion wos lhoughl oul: - The coses onolyzed vory lrom formol odiuslment lo lhe new oesfhelic conons, lo lhe modern shoping of the iociions, chonged in their essence, which, bul for o few
- Exemplele int6lnile voriozd de /o o odoplo re formold /o conoonele estelice noi pdnd /o croro/o modernd o porliurilor, tronsformote in esenlo lor, lo core insd nu se vo otinge niciodotd flexibilitoteo loiold experimentot6 de orhitecluro occidentold, decot cu cOievo excepfii notobile. - Arhitecturo, prin esento ei moi progmotico dec6tcelelolte orle, vo exploro direclii functiono/e ce rdspund unor necesildfi de conlort si ctvilizolie, ce se coniugou perfect cu ospirotiile societolii romdnesti Horio Creongd o[irmo succint concepfio orhiteclurii sole, preluotd si dezvoltotd de infreogo generofie de orhitecti. ,,O expri-
notoble exceptions, would never reoch lhe complete flexibility experienced by western orchitecture. - Archileciure, in essence more progmotlc thon the other orts, will explore {uncfionol drrectrons thol onswer reguiremenls of comf ot ond civilizolion perfectly in tune with Romonion sociely's ospirofions Horio Creongd stotes concisely the conceplion o[ his orchileclure, corrled on ond developed by the entire generoiion of orchilects: "A sincere ond simple expression oI modern needs - this is our orchilecture. lt expresses the beoutiful through simplicity ond the use[ul through comfort This
more sincerd si simpla o nevoilor moderne - iolo orhi tecturo nooslrd. Eo exprimd frumosul prin simplitote sr utilul prin conforl Arlo oceosto nu este un copriciu octuol, utilul si plocuiul sunt odevdruri vechi" '. Funcfiunecs devine o componen16 hotdr6foore in pro cesu/ de creo/ie. Necesitdiile [unctionole sunt complexe: pornind de lo necesitoiile sociole direcle lo necesilotile legole de psihologio umond, iehno ogie etc , eie reprezentond in [inol nivelul de con[ort
orl rs not o iemporory whim, the use[ul ond the enioyoble ore oncrenl trulhs" '
fhe Iunclion becomes o decisrve componenl tn lhe process of creolion. The functionol necessities ore complex: siorting from direcl sociol necessilies, to necess -
complexity
ln brood lines, the themes of lhe works con be grouped inlo:
I Dwellings ll Socio culturol progrorrs lll lndustriol construclions I DWELLINGS Singling out dwellings lrom oiher works oI orchitecure, ond outlining lheir evolution is iustified by o number of elements thot set them opori os o distinct oreo in modern Romonion orchitecture. They ore: - The wide scope ond diversity of housing construction in the urbon or noturol environment; The very importontshore ol this theme within the octivify of most of lhe orchilects oI the time; - The conceptuol uni! shown in the works o[ mony orchilecls;
Desprindereo lor din onsomblul reolizorilor de orhileclurd, precum si prezenioreo principolelor directii de evoluiie, se iustifico prinir-o suito de elemenie ce e departo jeozo co zond distincto in spotiul rezervof orhileciurii moderne romdnesli. Acesleo sunt. - Amplooreo sr diversitoteo consiructiilor de locuinte omplosote in mediul urbon sou in codrul nolurol; Pondereo deosebil de insemnoiS pe care oceosto femd o ore in octiviloteo moioritdiii orhiteciilor epocii, Unitoteo concepluold regosii6 in lucrdri e unui more numdr de orhiiecti; - lmpoctul sociol direct o progromului; - Reo izorile de more voloore din ocesi domeniu, - Pe plon inlernolionol, ocesl subiect o conslituit o preocupore de bozo in demersul de lronsformore [ormolo si functiono o o operelor de orhiteclu16, eo re llec,ondu-se si in pozit,o orh rectilo' romon.: Coroclerul specific ol soluiiondrilor in roport cu ceeo ce lonsose Miscoreo Moderno inlernotionol6, - lnlluento ocestoro osupro orosului prin modeLoreo codrrrlui rrrhcn' - Corocterul je pronierol pe core lou ovut locuintele in deburr,l curentulLi mode'nist in Romon,o elc
rrttt.illl
l'tor o Creongo,
Vi
lhe rrost voluoble ochievemenls in rhis oreo; l.rlernoliorolly, Ihis sr,o ect wor o oos'C preoccJpo. tion oI the opprooch ro rormol ord [unctiono, -ronsfor motion in works oI orchiteciure, ond it wos opporent olso ln the posilion of Romonion orchitects, - The specific chorocter oi the solutions os compored with whot the internotionol Modern Movement hod
u nched; Thelr influence on the city by moulding ihe urbon environment;
lo
sr
76
Arhilecluro locuintei cunooste'in Romonio, in perioodo dintre cele douo rozboo;e mondiole,,e, mori colego'ii de progrome: I Locuinto individuolO - Vilo 2. Locuinte colective cu oportomente - ,,Blockhous"
et cultives souvent encourog6s blen que difficilement poyes, dons une ville qui n'oppose oux tenlotives de modernisolion ni de trop grondes difficulles moterielles, ri des prejuoes et des lrodiIo.rs,nde.ocinobles" ln the period beiween the wors in Romonio lhere were three b'ood coiegories ol ,esidento' orchirecrure: Ind,viduo' dwellir^qs v llos 2. Collective dwellings with oportmenls - "Blockhouses"
!
Cheop dwellings
De sus in ios / From lop to boltom Alexondru Zoml ropol, Coso .l Consionlinescu Bucuresli, 33
3. Locuinte ieftine
profefe
construcfii,
libere inch
d completote
nstruil.
cu
INDIVIDUAL DWEILINGS VITLAS This is the fovourrte dwelling o[ orchitects in which lo develoo tl^err preoilections ol the erpl c t reques*oI p.ivote inveslors Villos benefi,ed [rom o conqenrol urbon conlext, beMeen the two world wors In ihe residentioi districts of the big ciiies, there were still importont lree plots which, once buillcn, would complete the buiit urbon milieu
lon Boceonu, ViJo C6mpino, 1933 l Vil o COmpino, 1933 Duiliu Morcu, Vilo, Aleeo Modrogon, Bucuresti, 1932 33 Vr o, Aleeo Modrogon, Buchoresl 1932 , 33
Pionierii orhiieclurii moderne romonesli, Morcel loncu si Horio Creongo, proiecteozd unele din primele locuinte individuole ce se vor inscrie co in[uzie de noutote in ocest domeniu. Morcel loncu rdmdne pentru istorio orhilecturii romOnesti primul orhitect ce o conceputince pond cu mijlocul onilor '20 locuinte cu vodit corocier novoior, co mdrturie o intensu ui e[orl leoreiic, militont, de rospondire si dezvoltore o ideilor Miscorii Moderne
doring pro jecis of young They were presented in side the new theories For in lhe "Severo'V llo, ,l'e "House to. One I-o.nily" by orch;lecr L Plomooeolo ol i 92 ' The pioneers of modern Romonion orchiieclure, Morcel Jonco ond Horio Creongo, designed some of the [irsl individuol dwellings thotwould occount [or on in jection of newness. Morcel Jonco remorns the f rsl orchitecl in the history oI Romonion orchitecture to hove plonned, storting the mid l92Os, dwellings wrth on obvious renew ng chorocter, os prooIof the inlense theoreticol, compoigning effort for the disseminotion ond devel opment oI the ideos oI ihe Modern Movement in orls ond orchitecture For instonce, dwe ling, 55 Slrodo Triniiofii (Moximilion Popper), 1926; ihe FuchsVillo, 33 Strodo Neguslo.r, 1927, the Chopier House, 1928, ol' in Buctorest. Hor'o Crecnqd's eor y buildinqs -oo, demonstroie o new logic o[ creotion thoi preservls sim plified decorotive elements or volumes thotbring to the
lore the plostic expression of the big windowed surloces.
sio ploslico o suproleielor mori vilrote Exemple: Vilo dr Peiru Grozo din Deva 1927 1929, Vilo Corneliu
1927 )929 the Corneliu Medreo Vi lo in Buchorest, .1929 Another exomple ol innovolive contribution ore the villos built by George Motei Contocuzino ot Eforie between 1929 ond iq:f pio.; ,-" f"., i", ..rl urol scenery, on the Block Seo Coost, they ore pori oi
the spo buildings iholinlervene in the volues of lhe exist-
otthol time lhe existence o[ solutions ronging from mod ern innovolion thof remoined ot o formol level, over
lopping on eorlier funcfionol dislribuiion, token over from
the orchiiecture of ihe post century, to dwellings whose
loclron essenliolly restruclures Ihe interior sptce ond the volume composition, The lotter shope the interior os o live, flexible spoce, ond their presence chonges
C Rosu, Vila, str Dr Poloni, Bucurestl, 1935 Villo, Strodo Dr Poloni, Buchorest, I 935
I
rnodifico dimenrilni,e spotillr r exterior, ol co-npoz lie lo nivel urbon, crednd de fopt in sisiemul orosulu, olle
repere formole
si
1930, Vilo A. Bunescu, Vilo Dr Constontinescu, 1932, Vilo A Thomos, )932, Vilo Dulfu, 1933, Vi o Elisobeto
Conlocuzino, 1934, tootein Bucuresti, orh. Horio CreongO; -]93 Vilo Chihoescu, 1930 3 I , Vilo Wexler, I , locuinto in sk Coimotei, 193 l, tootein Bucuresti, orh Morcel loncu; ,193 Coso Elisobeto Cusin, Bucuresti orh lon Bozionu; ViloV Consiontinescu, Bucuresti 193 I -33, orh Aexondru Zomliropol; Vi o din sir Poris, Bucuresii, 193 l-33, orh Arghir Culino; Vilo.in str [ondro, Bucuresti, 1932, Arh H Delovronceo Gibory; Vilo in str. Ateno, Bucuresti, 1933
rhe d,mensons ot tne exrerior spocu o- tne ( ornposl lion ot on urbon level, creoiing in focl other [ormol ond stylistic iondmorks in the town's system. We should men iion here ihe Engineer Miclescu Villo, 1930, the A Bunescu Villo, the Dr Consionttnescu Vil o, )932, rhe A Thomos Villo, 1932, rhe Du [u Villo, 1933, ihe
in
F';{
' ,li
'u'r,-1,,'
t*r'iio*ryyry6:ga;1
orh. lon Boceonu; Vilo Cristinel, Bucuresii 1934, orh Gobriel Cristinel etc Exisid o evidenid evolutie'in timp dln punct de vedere formol si iunctionol, slrOns coroborotd cu o[initoleo se lectivo o orhitectilor folo de noul curent, precum si cu proprio lor copocitote de o genero si dezvo to directii
'
(-ci
r'i-.Lrli
I 93 I I 93 3, orchitect Arghir Culino; rhe Villo in Strodo Londro, Buchoresi, 1932, orchitect i Delovroncecr Gibory; the Villo in Slrodo Aieno, Buchorest, orchiiect lon Boceonu; the CristinelVillo, Buchoresl, 1934, orchi tect Gobriel Crislinel etc There is on obvious evolulion in lime in poinl of form ond [unclion, closey corrob,oroted with ihe seleciive offiniry of lhe orchilecls vis-o-vis lhe new currenlos wel
Villo, Buchorest, 193 I orchitecl A exondru Zomliropo; the Villo in Strodo Poris, Buchorest,
Buchoresl, orchitect Horio Creongo; the Chihoescu Vilto, 1930 193 I , the Wexler Vi lo, I 93 the house n Sirodo Coimolei, I 93 I , oll of them in Buchorest, orchifect Morcel Jonco; lhe Elisobeto Cusin Villo, Buchorest, 193l, orchitecl ion Bozionu; ,l933, the V Constonlinescu
l,
oprecierii spre o lormo evoiuoid de expresionism Se regdsesc oici ornomente simpli[icote de lencuiolo pe o volumelrie dinomic compuso. ^os-ezole
- Geomelrio purd, suprolelele mori vitrofe, subti o compozifie inlre elementele orizonlole sl verficole ce genereozo o orhitecturo dinomico Portiul prezinlo unele elemente comune leqote de modulde grupore o functiunilor, de distribuire sizonore o lor, de experimenlore inlensd o lormulei de duplex, .oL, de flex bi,itote o sporiu,ui irter;o. - Crgonizoreo locuiniei ore in vedere comunicoreo spotiului inlerior cu exteriorul, oduc6nd conlinuitote sr
{luidilore spot,o,6
t
ln libertoteo totolo de exprimore pentru core se opleoz6, se consloid prezenlo unor eiemenle cu corocler consFonl.
os in relolion fo lheir own obility to generole ond deve op new stylistic directions.The exomples ore numerous, lheir orchiiecture sionding beMeen cubist inIuences ond composilions in which lhe inlervention o[ the curved sur foces is someilmes obsessive ond pursues on oeslhel ic demonslrolion. A speciol ploce is heJd by the dwe lings ihe formol contentof which reproduces rn on originol, stylized monner, the elements of clossicor oichilecture, ond lhis mokes the bolonce oIossessment
cu punclele
slonl chorocler: - Pure geometry, brg, windowed sur[oces, the subtle composition o[ horizonlol ond verticol elemenls thotgenerotes o dynomic orchiteclure. - The porty loo, evinces some common elements osso
- Trosoluro unitord, prezentd oproope permonent, romOne insd deloliul de orhitecturo conceputcu moieriole de foorte bund colitote, cu elegonto sl rofinoment, gondil
co o componenid o unui inlreg - O zond speciolo o constiluie vilele conslruiie in slotiunile monlone sou morilime Ele se situeozd inlre volor estelice ce prelucreozd in mod voditdote o e orhitecturri
Cumpotu
Srnoro
populore, ominlind de primo etopo o creoiiei lui F.L. Wright - de exemplu, vile lo Bolcic, orh. H.Delovronceo Gibory pono io o orhiieciurd consecvenid directiilor de compozitie lonsoie de Miscoreo Modernd euro
peon6. Exemple. vilo lo Cumpoiu-Sinoio, orh D Morcu,
vile lo Eforie, orh. G M.Contocuzino elc. Aceste locuinle, ce rdmOn co punctde reger important
George Moler Conlocuz no V o Aviono, Eforre. 1933 V llo Aviono. Eforie lQ33
- A speciol cotegory consists oI the villos built in lhe mountoin or seo-sjde resorls Their ploce is omonq ihe
7B
in evolulio moduiui de locuire din Romonio, iluslreozo moniero in core orhiteclii romOni ou inleles sd sintetizeze experienfo siinclinolio ortislico personold cu necesitofeo ocllo de inroire si rocoroo.e, prin recuperoreo unui ev;dert decolo, ro crvilizorio secorr,lli XX.
Gibory),
I the
pog
righl's crelo-uronceo
locuinte, Bermon,
composition lounched
ections of
ol enq
Bermon, Buchorest
Movement, for exomple, Villo in Cumpotu-Sinoio, orchitect Duiliu Morcu; villos in Eforie, orchitect G.M Coniocuzino etc These dwellings, lulion o[ housing
orchitects synlhes tic inclinotion with ing up with 2Ohcentury civilizolion by [illing on obvious gop
Alexondru Zomfiropol. Coso prof. Chiritescu Arvo, Porcul Domenirlor, Bucuresti, I 933 Pro[. Chirltescu Arvo buildinq, Porcul Domeniilor, Bucho16stEmil Nddelde, mobilul de locuinle,,Scolo", Bulevordul
modelolsp
Mogheru,
I936
3Z (disporur)
CCLTECTIVE DWELLINGS
'BICCK_HCUSES'
E/emenre
remorcd cu usurinid: - Pionul oportomentelor se dezvoltd in iurui unui nucleu ceniro generos dlmensionot, constiluit din comero de zi ln reloiie direct6 cu uno din ceielolte incdperi de locuii, oceosld ieqoiuro [iind elementul de flexibl itote ol iocuiniei. Apore odeseo ulilizot principiul zonorii functiunilor
de noopie si de zi
I
The plon o[ the oporiments is developed oround o centrol nucleus of generous dimensions, consisting of o living room in direct connection with the other rooms, connection being the element of dwelltng's flexibility. - The principle of zoning night ond doy [unciions is often employed.
this
poriicipo lo comunicoreo spotiului interior cu exleriorul. - Evidenliereo elementelor orizontole de compozitie o lotode or. - Structuro de rezistenlo reolizoto din codre din belon ormol permile flexibilitoteo oportomentelor, precum si comportlmenloreo diferiid o nivelurilor unui imobil, in lunciie de comondo investitorilor Grijo cu core suntconcepule si reolizote elemenlele de detoliu, moteriolele de foorfe bund colitote, o ese cu discern6mOnt, designul interior ce preio in plonul secund ol construcliei ideeo generolo o proiectului, consiituie si ozi un exemplu de pro[esionolism ln ce priveste roportulin core se oilo volumul conslru/l cu pozilio ompiosomenlu/ur, se disting cdtevo situolii
tipice: - ClOdiriinscrise intr un front linior exislent, determinoie s1,,, ' co olirioment si reg m de iroltirre oe leqislotio
- The emphosis on ihe horizontol elemenls in the composition oI the focodes - The superstructure mode o[ reinlorced concrele fromes ollows for llexibility in the oportments, os well os the di[[erenl poritior^ing oI tne tloo,s of o bui,d;ng, in keeping w'tl^ lhe inveslo's order - The oilentive design ond ochievement of the detoi s
urbond in viqoore. Exemple lmobilul ,,ASlT" irr M Eminescu, Bucuresli, orh R Bordenoche; ocuinle in slr Armeneoscd, Bucuresti, orh .leon Mondo, Coso Rodu Teodorescu, Bucuresti, orh. Nicu Georgescu. Clodiri omplosote lo interseciio o doud sou moi mulle
ortere de circuloiie, lovorizond o compozitie volumetrico
be distinguished:
Buildings inserted in on olreody existing lineol front,
A exondru Crivez, lmobil de locuinle, Bulevordul Ano lpotescu (Loscdr Cotorgi), Bucuresti Aportment 6lock, Boulevord Ano pdtescu ( Loscor Coiorqi), Buchoresl
t' T-
!--.TEF
moi spectoculoosd Diversitoteo solutiondrilor surprinde, eo iroverseoz6 un registru [ormol loorte voriot, pornind cu preponderento de lo utilizoreo elemenlelor reciongulore, o occentele verlico e ole volumelor de coll, tinzOnd in iimp spre o compozilie moi romonticd, core sondeo26 efeclele suprolelelor curbe, ce le conlirm6 rolul de ,,bolomo" in orliculoreo volumelor componenle Exemple: lmobilul ARC, orh H Creongo; lmobilul
,,Adriotico",
orh
Slirber-VodO, orh Duiliu Morcu; locuinle in str orh Morcel Locor; toole in Bucuresti elc
str Rosetti,
in
o very wide ronge of lorms, storting preponderonlly from the use ol the reclongulor elements, io the veriicol occents oI ihe corner volumes, developing in time
Clodiri situole in irontul unor piele importonte ole orose or, ce dilerd net co orhitecturd de contextul existentconstruii, dor core se inscriu crmonios in porometrii urb,oni conferiir de sil Clodlrl ce beneflclozo de omplosomente izo oie conslitulnd constructiile,,turn" cu compoziiii iibere Exemplu. lmobilul din sir lzvor nr 2 Bucuresii, 1934-35, orh Aurel Ghinescu Clodiri cu regim de inoliime redus, ce pot [i io rondul 1or independente, omplosole inlr-un fronl existenl, cup oie sou determinoie de vecinoldti cu colcone, sau clddiri cu coll Vorieloteo tormolo supropusd pe exprlmori profund personole genereozd efecle esielice inedite Locuiniele coleclive ou dominot spotiul urbon interbelic E e pot fi considerote poote cele moi reprezentotive intruchipori ole modernismului prudent, fdrd ostentotio unui spirit revoltot, demonstrOnd o putere de stobiLitote, de conlinuitote, lipsitd inso de teomo neiusti[icolo fo]o de influeniele stroine Tinuto Jor elegonto, cu tendinie spre ,,closicizoreo" noilor conoone esletice, conservd elemente de sinlezd intre noutoleo curenlului Modernisl si spiritul cu lurol outohton
3. LOCUINTETE IEFTINE
Buchoresi eic - Buildings ploced in mporlonf squores, the orchitecture of which is quiie diflerent from lhe olreody built coniexf, yet hormonlzed wilh the urbon porometres conferred by lhe site - Buildings erecled on isoloted locotions, such os the
"tower" buildings, wilh free compositions. Exomp e. dwel ings in Strodo lzvor, Bucuresli, 1934 35, orchi
lo
nivel
iect Aurel Ghinescu - Buildings with o reduced height regime, fhot con be in lurn ndependent, ploced in on extont lront, coupled or determined by neighbourhoods with blind wolls or corner buildings The vorieiy of forms overlopping profoundly personol expressions generotes motchless oeslhetic effects Collective dwellings dominoted the inter-bellum urbon spoce They moy be considered lhe most represento live expressions of coutrous modernism, lree ol the oslen
in
internotiono prinlre principole e coutori in intenlio de o rezolvo problemele slringente o e locuirii, cunooste
I t
,:
Er
semni[icotive co inovolie sou co omploore Ecoul orin productio de orhilecturo o [ost destui de slob, inregislrOndu-se door cdlevo exemp e de iotlzori fdcute in ocest scop. Aceste exemple le gosim omplosote pe
terenuri llb,ere, speciol sistemotizote, cu locuinle cup ote, cu dezvollore pe porier, sou porter si unu doud nivelur. GOndite so dispund de un conlori minimol, ele ou poriiuri rezonobile, in core funcliunile sunt e[icienl distribuile
EI
il
EI
CHEAP DWELLINGS cotegory o[ dwel ing, ot on internotionol level omong the moin experimenls in o bid to soive the criticol housThis
!I
in occeplio societotii interbeiice, cuprindeo in domeniul clodirilor sociol-culturole si obordoreo unor temotici noi, ior progromele deio consocroie vor fi privite de pe pozitii diferite foto de
Modernitoteo,
orhilecluro secolului kecut. Dorinto exolicitd o investiiorilor
II
PROGRAMETE SCCIAL_CUTTURALE
investitiile
orchilects
l-1
Creongo
or
Honciu
PADCEJ-ADLA VATM.
Pt.^q i!.ti a.".
L']i' .
-
936- 39
Buchoresl,
1936 39
Buchorest, I 93
BO
II
SOCIO_CULTURAL PROGRAMS
- Constructii
-
pentru sdndtote
Constructii pentru involdmint, culluro e si odminislrolive Constructii pentru expozitii nofionole si internotionole
tendlnte spre
o severo
disciplino
o [ormelor.
Ele
pdsireozd cevo din sobrietoleo clodirilor existente 'in centrele morilor orose Totusi noutoteo se monilesld in
BUILDlNGS FOR TOURISM AND LEISURE Considered for good reoson io be o modern octivity, exponded storting with thot lumullous period o[ hislo ry, tourism, enfertornment ond implicilly the hotel con struclions lo motch them, lind on expression in inleresl ing proiects ploced in urbon setiings or in seo-side ond mounioin resorfs thot offered o novel subject of study, eoding to speciol solutions. A brief onolysis leods to lhe lollowing [indings:
M
1
Cheremboch,
leodorescu,
Srnoro,
930.33
930
33
Hotelurile siluole in codrul ncsfural, de[init de elemente de relielspecloculoose, certifico obi itoieo cu core sunt volori[icole coiitotile sitului, inscriind volumul ormonios, rotionol odoptondu lo corocterul mediuluiincon jurdtor. Se remorcd tendinto in trotoreo volumelor cu registre orizontole, olierndnd suprofelele pline cu zonele vitrole, morcole pe olocuri de occente verticole Proiectele delin directli functionole clore, in consonontd cu o utilizore eficientd o colitotilor terenului, o orienlore optimo o incoperilor deslinote publicului, cu o corecto reportizore o onexelor ce deservesc buno [unctionore o hoielurilor. Exempe: Hotel ,,Bel1ono", E[orie, 1933 orh G M
inqs existinq in the city cenlres However, ihe newness is monifesl in [unciion ond longuoge of forms, relying
on elegonce ond o simple ond dignified composition. Exomples: Holel ARO, 1937 38, Brosov, orchitect ,1935 H Creongo; Hotel Ambosodor, 36, Buchorest, orchiieci ,l936, Arghir Culino; Hote Sovoy (Cino), Timisooro, orchitect Michoel Wolf etc Hole/s p/oced in o noturolsefling, delined by elements oIspectoculor outline, show on obllity lo lurn to odvontoge ihe quolities oI the site, inserting the volume in o odlusting itto the ere lhe opprooch
s
olternoting solid
de lurism si oisir o reprezint6 cose/e sr comine/e de odihnd Construite de obicei pentru [unctionorii unor
socieldti porticulore sou de slot, ele confin spotii pentru ociivitoti de club, reuniuni sou unitdli de cozore de focluro unui hotel Libertoteo progromu ui, colitotile deosebite ole omplosomente]or ou stimulot eiobororeo unor proiecie'in core predomind coerento si [orto expresivo. Exemplele existente sunt edificotoore: Coso de odihnO o Societdtii Goz - Electro, Snogov, eo esle reprezenlotivd penlru octiviloleo unuio dintre morii orhitecti si profesori oi epocii, Oclov Doicescu Se regdsesc oic suprofeteie simple, unghiul drepl, lronsporenlo morilor
De lo slOngo
1o
d here ond there by verticol occents The projects hove cleor lunclionol direciions, in hormony with on e[[icienl employment of lhe ierroin's quolities, on opiimol orientotion of ihe rooms meont lor the public, with o suitoble distribution of he onnexes serving ihe smoolh [unctioning of hotels Exomples: Hoiel Bellono, 1933, E[orie, orchilect G M Confocuzino '; Hote "Level 1400', l93O-1937, orchi tects M Cheremboch ond I Teodorescu elc Another cotegory of bui dings reloted lo tourism ond leisure includes the hoste/s ond res/ houses. Usuolly built [or employees o[ privote or sloie componles, they con-
lr
Arghrr Culino, Holel Ambosodor
dreopto
Bucuresl,1935 36
Ambosodor Hole, Buchorest,
r935-36
932-33
zone vitrole, fluento spotiilor interioore, reunite 'inlr-un gest creotor ie Cominul
Corpului multde
proiesor
remorcobil
propie .noi
isolui incon
toin spoces [or club octivilles, meeiings ond hoiel-like occommodolion unils. The freedom of the progrom ond the speciol quoliiies of ihe sites stimuloted the elobo rolion o[ proiecls in which coherence ond force of
posoiului moritrm
ErrttEittr ltEEtGtt
De sus in los / [rom top to bo]tom Conslonlin lolzu, Cbmlnu Corpului Didoctic, Eforre, l93Z Hoste for lhe Teocher Stolf, Elorie, )937
clodiri ou rdmos co elemente de referinto pentru orhitecturo modernd dintre cele douo Rozbooie Mondiole Exemple de morc6 sunt. Sonoloriul Crucii
Rosii ,,Torio" Covosno, 1935, orh. Pro[. Grigore ]onescu; Sonotoriul ,,Popper" Predeol, I 936, orh. MorceJ loncu; Sonoloriul ,,Bugoz" , Ceioteo A bd, I 93 3 - 34, orh Angeilo Viecel i..Se constoio exislenia unei conceptii echilibrote, bine formolo si stoponito in roporl cu ceec ce se consldero co [iind aportul de nouiole odus de Miscoreo Moderno si de ceeo ce se insiitu se dejo co ,,Stil Internoiionol"
BUITDINGS FCR HEATTH CARE There wos on increosed preoccupolion with heolth core bu ldings. Hospi/ois ond especiol y sonoforio become on importonttheme oll over the world. So the foct comes os no surprise lhot numerous broinslorming compelitions were orgonized lor such programs, nor lhoi,the works from thls period ore emb,lemotic of inter-bellum orchi-
Angelo Viecelli, Sonotoriul Cormen Srlvo, proiect pentru concurs, I 936 Cormen Sllvo Sonotorium, pro;ect [or contesl I 936
lu ion Descu,
modern orchitecture between the two World Wors Represenlotive exomp es: The Torio Red Cross
Sonotorium, Covosno, 1935, professor orchitect Grigore lonescu; the Popper Sonotorium, Predeol, 1936, orchi iect MorcelJonco; the Bugoz Sonotorium, Cetoteo Albo, I 933 - 34, orchitect Angello Viecelli. We distinguish here o wel bolonced, distin"ct concepiion mosterJd in relo
Gh Honer
e,
Sonoloriu Cormen Sivo, proiect penlru concurs, 1 936 Corrnen Silvo Sonolorrum proleci lor contesi, 1936
ADMIN ISTRATIVE
izare"
prelucro
rdec;
lnstitutii
lion to whot is considered os being the newness con tributed by lhe Modern Movement ond to whot hod olreody been instituted os "lnternotionol Style" BUILDINGS FOR EDUCATION, CULTURE
culturole co Acodemio RomOnd l:oc opel lo orhitectii lineri, dor dejo consocroli, penlru intocmireo unor proiecte odeseo de[initorii pentru prestigiul bres]ei in generoi. Exemple: Fundolio ,,Dolles", Bucuresti I 932, orh Horio Teodoru'u; Biblioteco Acodemiei Rom0ne,
De lo dreopto lo slongo/from
riqhr ro leh
AND ADMINiSIRATION
By noture, these buildings ore locoted exc usively in on urbon seiiing. The sioges ond course of lheir evolution wenl beyond whot wos ovoiloble in terms of lrodition-
"Europeonizoton" supported the orchiiects' olmosf unonimous tendency lo come up with o new concep
tion of orchiieciure. Culturol inslitutions like the Romonlon
to
Do les
Ho ,
Buchorest
Med co Cenlre, Voslui Gobr el Crisl nel, Colegrul Acodemic ol Un versrlohr Reqeie Ferdrnond I, Cltl 1937 / Acodemic College ol lhe Kinq Ferdinond 1 University, Clui 193/
de decorolivism Coufdrile [ormole si [unctionole inre gistreozd.solturi spectoculoo^se, generote de imperotivele pedoqogiei moderne. in o&sle corocterisiici se inscriu: un proiecl penlru Scoolo Comerciolo, 1932, rdmos nereolizot; Grupul Scolor Mihoi Brovu, Bucuresti, 193/; Scoolo pentru copii mici ,,Floreosco", Bucuresti,
e de morile
porcurilor.
[, Bucuresli
Toscu Ciu lr, Slodion munc loresc, Strodo Vese lei, Filorei Bucuresli, proiect Worker's Stodium, Strodo Veseliei, Filorel - Buchoresl
-
929,
str.
Veseliei-Filoret, Bucuresii, 1930, orh. Toscu Ciulli; Stodionul ONEF, Bucuresti, I 933 - 39 (disporut) orh
H.Creongd.
Se conslruiesc ocum si noile cl gdn: Goro RegolO Bucurest Regolo Sinoio, 1936, orh. D.M Albd si Aerogoro Cern6uti, orh col, monumentol orientoiion, ond the introduclion o[ new elemenls ln compositionol struclure
proiecte noutoteo progromelor se inferfereozd cu so lutiile functionole rotionol g0ndite Desi pdstreozd o nuonio de monumentolitote, ele se detoseozo de orhitecturo troditionolo, urmorind consecvenl o odoptore lo cerinlele impuse de [unctiune. Clodirile publice pentru birourr si sedii de /irme devin o temd de proiectore lrecvent solicitoto de di[erifi co-
The buildlngs [or sporls octivities ore ossocioted with fhe big proiects to deve op green belts ond porks. The exomples ore numerous: the Kisseleff Swimming Pooi, Buchoresl, 1929, orchitect M..lonco; ihe Project for o Workers' Stodium, Strodo Veseliei, Filoret, Buchorest, 1930, orchitect Toscu Ciulli; the ONEF Srodium. Buchorest, 1933-1939 (no longer extont), orchiteci H Creongo
Hollos Colomon. Firmo si vilo Kocsrs, Brosov, 1930 33 Kocsis Compony ond Villo, Brosov, l93O-33
Lours
Week, Woiier
Froy,
-33
exemple existente omlntim: Proieci pentru Polol Administroliv CFR, 1930, orh. Titu Evolceonu si ,]933, O Doicescu, Polotul Telefoonelor, Bucuresti,
orh
Louis Week, Wolter Froy, Von Soonen Algi; Sediul tirmei Kocsis, Brosov, l93O-33, orh. lon lonescu; Proiect pentru clodireo ISAR, I 936, orh D Morcu; Sediul
Brosov,
wouid meet the lotest [unctionol necessities ond ihotdis iinguished lhemselves by sober ond hormonious pro portions, being creoted by some of the most representcfive Romonion orchitects. OI the numerous exist-
tect
Jeon Melun, Povilionul induslriei de geomuri lo Expozilio lndustriei RomOnesii, Bucuresii, 1934 Povilion of the Gloss lndustries ot lhe Romonion lndusiries Exposrlion, Buchorest, I 934
blemelor legote de evolutio oroselor si sistemoiizore urbond Expoziio se integro inlr-un progrom de onver gu16, coslituil cu scopul orgonizdrii urbane iudicioose o principolelor orose ole torii si in speciol o copitolei Porcu Her6strdu o gdzduito porle din editiile urmdloore ole ocestei monifestori Amenoioreo si sistemotizoreo ocestui loc de ogremeni, ce beneficlozo de un codru
noturol remorcobil, o focut
si
N
I
nizoiorilor Expozitiei Povilloonele expoziiionole au [ost concepute co si componenle ole unei orhiiecturi
reprezentotive, motivond ostfel o conionore o registrului
938
formol moi mult in slero tentelor closrcizonte decdl in zono curenlului modernist Optiuneo stilistico o oceslor povilioone tinde so se opropie de formulele neoclosice zele oporlliei 'in oceste tdri, co si pe intreg conlinentul, o oso zisei ,,orhiiecturi reprezentolive"
germone sou iioliene, ce ou generot'in onii '30 premi-
Timisooro, 1936, orchitects I lonescu ond Leibo Simon; the Adriotico Building, Coleo Victoriel, Buchorest, 1935, orchitects R Frcenkel, Teller ond Dem S6vulescu etc The works wiih such lhemes, some completely new, oth ers reconsidered from new posiiions, were an oppor, tuniiy io moke vo uoble contributions in fhe creolion of o new stole o[ orchitecture ond lhe progressive modernizotion of urbon centres The noiionol ond internotionol exposiilons were oppor tunilies lo disploy culiurol ond economic ochievements. Among the shows orgonized ol home, the Buchorest Month become in the inler-bellum period o iroditionol evenf From its unvei ing in 1935, locoted in Pork Corol ond initioted by the moyor A exondru Donescu, one con
H Creongo, H Georgescu,
Ricci Expozilio ,,Luno Bucurestilor", I 938 H Creongo, H Georgescu, M Ricci ,,Buchoresi Month" Exposition, 1 93I
spre schimbul de in[ormotii si idei in domeniile stiintei, tehnologiei, ortei si cullurii in generol Povilioonele RomOniei lo diversele editii o e ocestor reuniuni internotionole o fosl subordonote co gOndire oceluiosi sislem de reprezentotivilote, ce promoveoz6 o orhilectu16 mor putin directionoid spre Miscoreo Moderno, indreptoio spre neoclosicism, sou siilul neoromonesc, cu vddile inlentii'inso, de cloritote si simplitole formoio, ce denoto un mod originol de decodificore si pre,Jucrore o co noonelor stilistice Aminiim oici: Expozitio Torg o Industrlei RomOnesti 1934, Povilionul lndustriei de Geomuri, orh Povilionu Romoniei lo Expoziiio lnternotioleon A.Melun; ,1935, nold Bruxe les, orh C.Mosinschi; Povilionul Romdniei lo Expozitio lnternotionold, Belgrod, 1932, orh Victor
Smighelschi; Povilionul Romoniei lo Expozitio Inlernotiono o, ,1932, Poris, orh DMorcu; ,193/, Restouronlul romdnesc lo Expozilio lnlernotionold, Poris, orh D Morcu; Expo zitio ,,Luno Bucurestilor", Bucuresti, 1938, orh H. Creongo, Horolomb Georgescu, Ricci, l. Dovidescu, ing Vlod
"represenlotive orchilecture"
N Bu po pri
Rodovici; Povilionul oficiol ol RomOniei lo Expozitio .1939, lnternolionold, New York, orh. G.M.Contocuzino; ,]94 Povilionul Romdniei lo Trienolo de lo Milono, I , orn
lo Expozitio ,,Luno u. lmporlonlo Ex lrebuie privito in
convocotions were dominoted by o woy of thinking obout o representotive plon thot promoted on orchileclure less oriented to lhe Modern Movemenl, lhon
eo-Romonion slyle, though with I clorily ond simpLicity lhot indi
'
;L
lr:
l,:
Th'"
I
?:ffi:: :?
934, orchi
cullurole, tehnice
pe plon notionol
si
si stiintilice
perioodei
III CONSTRUCTIILE
Buchorest, orchitects H,Creongo, Horolomb Georgescu, M.Ricci, I Dovidescu, engineer Vlod Rodovici; The Romonion Povilion oi the lnternolionol Exposition, Brussels, 1935, orchltect Constoniln
Mosinschi; The Romonion Povilion of lhe lnternotionol
INDUSTRIALE
Domeniul conslruciiilor industriole, in oporenlS moi puiin specloculos pentru creotio de orhitecturo in ge nerol. bene[iciozo oe un impuls creoto. imporlonl. Urioso tronsformore c tehnologiilor induslriole devine o necesitote obieciivo in modu de conformore o
txposii on Belgr ode, I 93 7, orchitect Vicror Smiqelsc hi; The Romonion Resiourontolthe internotionol Expbsiiion, Poris, 1932, orchiiect D.Morcu; The Romonion Povilion
940,
935
de
structuro de beton ormotsi nu in ullimul rond de un nou sistem de selectore o reperelor esietice.
The importonce of ihe nofionol ond internolionol Expositions should be seen primorily os o legitimotion
of culturol, lechnicol ond scientifrc ochievem"ents on o
nolionol ond inlernotionol scole selin direct conloct with fhe mosl imporlont events ln the world ot the time
1937
38
to
Printre lucrdrile notobile ce ou permis inscriereo conslructiiior industrioie in rondul odevdrotelor creotii de orhilecluro se numdrd si cele reolizoie de Horio Creonqd pentru firmo Moloxo, in Bucureslizc Esle vorbo de lnlroreo principoio, 1930-31, Fobrico de tevi, I 935 - 36, Povilionul Administrotiv, I 936 Merito consemnol si oporlul oltor orhitecti lo lronsformoreo si evolutio clodirilor industriole spre lucrori ce le confero sfofutul de orhitecturd indusfriolo modernd Tendinto
functionolistd si inovotio estelic6 se regdsesc intr-un sir importonl de lucrori cu temoticd industriold: Ateiierele si onexe e Grivito, Bucuresti, I 930-40, orh Morio
Vq,o Co'-s.u
I
-l,e ere
"
III
INDUSTRIAT CCNSTRUCTIONS
930 40
'38
O Do cescu, Uzrnele de Anvelope Bonloc, F oresti, l9Y7 Tyres Works Bonloc Florestl
I
93/,38
Nenciulescu, Abotorul de Ixport
Cotescu; Uzinele lAR, Brosov, 1933, orh G M Contocuzino; Uzine e Ford, Bucuresti,l937 orh P M Mic escu, Uzinele Metolurgice Brosov, 1936-37, orh. L.Conslonlinescu; Uzino de onvelope -Bon1oc, Floresti Prohovo, 1937, orh C Doicescu; Hole e Fobrico Tohonul Vechi sl Orostie, l93Z-38, orh R Bordenoche; Uzinele lOR, Bucuresti, 1938 40, orh
R Bordenoche
Constructiile penku obotoore moderne ou locutobiectul .in unor inveslitii rmportonte multe din ocolitdtile lorii; printre eie se numd16 Abotoru de export din Consionlo, I 933 - 34, orh Nicoloe Nenciu escu, Abotorul orosului ,l934 Buzou, 1934, si Abotoru orosului Bocou, 35, orh D Morcu etc
Ceeo ce coroclerizeozS iooie oceste clodiri industrioie esle interesul pentru osiguroreo [unclionolilotii optime, prin ridicoreo colitotii locului de muncd, orgonizoreo spotiold rotionold si exprimoreo plostico foorte cloro, inlro volumetrie odecvotd, ritmoto de elementele
conslructive
Aceosid orhileclurd, impinso lo cote superioore de voloore de cotre promotorii Miscorii Moderne in
Brosov, l933, orchitect G M Contocuzino; the Ford Works, Buchorest, 1937, orchitect P M Mic escu; The Brosov Metol Works, I 936-32, orchilect L Consiontinescu; The Tubes ond Tyre Works - Bonloc, Floresti Prohovo,
I
(1 936)t ltis olso worih menlioning the contribution ol other orchitecis io the tronsformotion ond development oi industriol bulldings inlo siructures Ihot eorned them the slolus ol modern industriol orchileclure The functionollsi tendency ond the oesthetic innovotion con be troced in o whole series of works wiih industriol chorocter: lhe Grivito workshops ond outbuildings, Buchorest, 1930-40, orchiiecl Morio Colescu; the IAR Works,
Creongo for the Moloxo compony, in Buchorest, notobly the Moin Entronce {1930-193 l), the Pipe Focrory (1935 1936), the Adminislrotive Povilion
in
932, orchiteci
Romonio
-38
orchitect
oporilio unei estelici noi, copobi o sd rospundo cerintelor funcliono e diverse. Efortul 9i oportul orhltectilor lo solutionoreo ocesior cerinle se vor
indrepto si spre prorectele dedicote designului
industriol, ce se vo dezvollo co romu16 importonlo
Bordenoche; lhe ICR Works, Buchoresl, 1938 -40, orchitect R Bordenoche The building oImodern sloughter houses rceived importont invesiments in mony ports of the counky. Amonq lhem, we should mention the Export Sloughter House in Conslonto, I 934- 35, orchitect Nicoloe Nenciuiescu, the Buzou city Sloughter House, 1934, ond the Bocou city Sloughler ,]934-35, House, orchitect D. Morcu etc Whot chorocterizes olJ these industriol buildings is the inleresl in ensuring an optimo [unclionolity, by improv-
It*F
porcursul
ing the quolity o[ the work ploce, ihe rofionol spoce orgonizotion ond o very cleor plostic expression, ln o sultoble regime ol volumes with the rhylhm lent by the
conslruclive e ements. This orchitecture, roised to o superior siolus by the promoters o[ the Modern Movemenl in world orchilecture, sow in inter-bellum Romonio os
RomOn
in
]9,18,
unoro dinire
principolele orose ole Romoniei, exprimolo prrn oporilio dezvoltoreo industriei, cresiereo densitofii populofiei
followed by the exponsion'ond diversi[icotion oi indus triol spoces, led to the need lor restrucluring industriol
spoce ond for synchronizing wiih modern technology ond
George Motei Conlocuz no, Fobr co de Avroone lAR, Brosov I 933 Airp ones IAR Works, Brosov 1 933
hoolic in Euror>c-.:
science. All this wouid resull in the emeroence o[ oestheiics oble lo meet vorious functionol needs.
o new
URBAN]SM
The counky's lremendous economic ond politicol growlh ofier the [ormotion of the Romonion notionol stote in"l 9l 8
-n
Weslern Europe hod olreody gone post thol stoqe of city deveopment'. The promolers of lhe Mo-dern
oxe mcriore ole copitolei, est vest sl nord-sud Doco in cozul unor orose europene, ,,morile oxe" ou s[osiot brutol iesuiuJ medievol exislent, in cozu] Bucurestiului, cu tooie ,,socrificiile" (Turnul Co tei,
Biserico Sorindori etc
io demororeo orgoniz6rii slructurii urbone omorfe Aceste inierventii ou oferil premisele opiicorii 'in
perioodo interbelico o unor teorii moderne in demersul
),
rOnd
sistemicd (sistemul)
,,sislemotizore" in reloiie cu plonificoreo urbondr:r; ior in ol treileo rond, derrvotpoote din primele douo, modul
o tend nrelor nentor-ote si odoptoreo lor lo conditiile locole. ln 1935 s-o eloborot de colre un grup de speciolisti, orhitecli si ingineri, Plonul Direcroi de Srs/emolrzore
originol de "rrb r ore
configurotie o circuioliei, ior volenle e ,,Orosului grodinA" pot fi regosite in srstemul de lotizore, in ideile
existentd
in 1934
volorilicdrrr
lui
Genero
elemenlelor noturole dln nordul copitolei. Anolizo PDSC evidentiozd corocterul principoielor
Zomfiopo , P onul de
1
proiect, I 93
Dezvolloreo retelei de circulotie line conl de ceeo ce o iost reo izol dejo (ex strdpungeri estvesl si nord, sud si cele oie pr nc.polului irel o orosulu :complero.eo lor pur-e bozele structur,i rodiol concerlrice de ostoziJ.
B6
Crosul modern esie considerot co un orgonism viu, in core initiotivo porticulord esle menlinuto in limile rezonobile si in core provizoriul si efemerul vor fi
inlo
tu
morn provtstonS:
role'1
Co urmore o oceslui ,,contex chidere, copitolo o cunoscut iluslrot poienliolul spirituol si orhi'ecti si urbonisti romoni.
importonie
e des-
ce ou
- Development of the troffic network took occount o[ whot hod olreody been done (for insionce, the eostwest od norrh sou'h oxes ond the moin rinq oI the city: their complelion loid the [oundotions lor the presenl- doy rodi ol concentric plon). Functionol zoning koced for the next 40-50 yeors
the figure o[o copitol with residentiol, induskiol ond qreen zones_in o syslem, limiling ot the some lime the exponsion o[ the city limits. pitol, essentiolly
iei de
l.
o,
mo
[osi.
Bblcescu - Mogheru I 848)si compietoreo fronturilor ocesturo, topt ce o generot oporitio unei inserlii urbone de orhitecturo moderno ford precedent sou echivolent pe^con tinent.
i'
,;:;;".1:'T:::
Buchorest's noi-
urol environmeni
The modern city is considered os o living orgonism in which privole lnitiotive is kept wilhin reosonoble limiis ond where rhe provisiorol ond ephemereol sl.oll be elim,"oled Consequeni to thot "legislotive context" o[ wide opening, the Copiiol knew severol inlervenlrons thotillustroted the spirituol ond creotive potentiol oI the qenerotion oI Romonion orchitects ond urbonists under considerolion. The most importont of lhem were: 1 The complelion of the north-soufh oxis (Bolcescu -Mogheru- l84B Boulevords) ond o[ its fronis, o loci thot led to the emergence of on urbon insert of modern orchilecture withoulprecedenlor motch in lhe Continent. 2 The complelion ol the ot distribution of severol residentiol disir cts, like Porcu .lionu, Porcul Notionol, Votro Luminoosd etc
.
urbo n.
nordul orosului
strio le.
lncep6nd cu 1929, conlorm Legii odministroiiei locole, toote orosele si centrele urbone bolneo-climoterice lre-
ole oroselor devin o proctlcd ce vo conlribui o se ectoreo si promovoreo celor moi voloroose idei.in domeniul
u
3. The furnishing o[ lhe squores ond moin crossroods o[ the cily wifh reference elemenls in lhe urbon volu-
rbo
ism
lu i?o
Se poote desprinde concluzio cd urbonismul co si orhitecturo modernd interbelico din RomOnio s-o dezvoltot intr-o conjuncturo [ovorobild, in]retinuto si de o legislotie ce contineo principolele inlentii ole miscdrii moderne mondiole, bine [undomeniote leoretic, urm6rind direclii de evolutie rotionole, mode rofe, de more prolunzime in modul de.intelegere o sistemului conlexluol construit existent si o psihologiei sociole in generol. Foro o f ioslen/otiv in geslurr si dectzii, ocesl urbonism o creof reguii sr direclii de urmctf c: coror vo/obi/ilote prtn coerenlo si iogrco ei, esie cenificofc: st osfdzi CONCLUZIi
Miscoreo modernd exprimoi6 in orhileciuro si urbonismui o lost osimrloio in jurul onilor '30 de cdlre societoteo romdneoscd printr-o lorg6 deschidere, oc
romOnesc
melric ltinerory, The developmeni of the Dombovito river course ond of the lokes in the northern port oI the city. 5. The estoblishment ond structuring of the moin indus-
;:r
;?.t;
ome o proclice thotwould heip select ond promoie lhe most uolr,oble rdeos in urbonism" ll con be concluded thoi urbonism ond modern orchitecture in inter-bellum Romonio developed in o conqeniol
Al Dovidescu,
Srslemolizoreo stoliunli Cormen Silvo, proiect penlru concurs Spo Cormen Si vo urbon plonning, proieci [or contest
iFfr;-:=t'-r,r
a-'t'?
erole directions of evolulion, very profound in their understonding of the extont buill coniextuol syslem ond sociol
celelolte orte, lo culturo modernd mondiold Expresio pe core curentul modernisl o primit-o'in orhitecturo romdneoscd nu reprezintd o copie o unor curente de ovongordo lonsoie lo nivelul Europei Eo constituie o secvenfd oporle ln dezvoltoreo si inlerpretoreo unor principii prin filtrul permeobilitotii culturole proprii, core ou condus lo un proces de creotie diferil, independent, prin ole cdrui reolizdri orhltectii rom6ni ou porticipoi cu un oport importont lo onsomblulvolorilor
u
CONCLUSIONS
The modern movemenl expressed in Romonion orchi-
iecture ond urbonism wos ossimiloled oround the l93Os into the Romonion society by greoi openness,
occeptonce ond recepliveness.
Strongly onchored in moieriol ond sociol determinotions, modern Romonion orchilecture most cleorly illustrotes
niversole
ticipot mosiv lo lronsformoreo Romdniei onilor '30 printr-un solt spectoculos spre civilizotie, romondnd dovodo incontestobild o uneio dintre cele moi fertile
elope din isiorio noostrd culturold.
NOTE
im-
portonto corobordrli istoriei orhilecturii moderne cu istorio societdtii in core eo s-o dezvoltot, este volobilo si in
contextul orhitecturii interbelice romdnegll: ,,. De fopt orhitecturo moi mult co olte domenii ortistice este legoto si se reflecto in vioto sociolo. Deci criiico si perspectivele din core este privito, este implicit legoto de volentele socieldtii, respectiv ole comunitdtii in core isi [oce oporiiio " Bruno Zevt, Cum so inle/egem orhitecluro,
lure ployed
Torino, 1948,
p 224
Romonio in the l93Os, through o spectoculor leop to civilizotion, remoining the unquestionoble proof o[ one oI the most [ertile sloges in our cullurol history.
Eng/ish version by Frogo Cusrn
225
Bucuresli )934, p72 3. Renee Moity-Bizory, ,,Archifeclure en Roumonie" publilot in ,""irioe.tj t" ct'ure d'Aupurd'hur, nr.5 din 1 934, p 55 4 lmobilul Boncii Notionole, Bucuresti, I B85, orh Albert Golleron si Cossien Bernord; Aieneul Romdn, Bucurestl, 1888, orh Albert Golleron; Polotul lustifiei, Bucuresti, 1 890- I 895, orh Albert Bollu; lmobilulCEC, Bucuresti,
modern orchilecture with the hislory of the socie[ where itdevel oped, opplies olso to the Romonion inler-bellum orchiteclure: ,Actuolly, orchiteclure, more ihon the other orts, ond shows in sociol life Hence, the crilicism ond lhe ongles from which ll is regorded ore
is ossocioled with
imporlonce
"
5 6
Proger, op cil, p 123 Duiliu Morcu, Arhitecfuro, Bucuresti 1960, p 16 8. Explicotio doto de Hons Arp osupro ocesiui curent ovongordist esentiolizeozb coroclerul si continutul sou; ,,DADA esie nemiilocitd co noturo si inceorcd sd deo fiecorui lucru locul sou esenliol. DADA este penku sens nelimitot si mijlooce limitote. Vioto este pentru dodoisii sensul oriei " Werner Hofmonn, Fundomenfe/e orlei moderne, Stuttgort 1966, p.1 57 9. Morcel loncu, ,,Arhitecluro noud",in Contimporonu/
implicltly ossocioied wilh ihe volues of the socieiy, oI ihe community where it develops." (Bruno Zevi, How lo Understond Archifecfure,Turin, I 948, pp 224-225) 2. George Motei Coniocuzino, lzvoore 9i poposuri (Sources ond Stopovers), Buchoresl, 1934, p./2.
umonle", pub-
,,Omul clodegte cu unicul scop de o creeo interiorul. Arhitecturo esie numoi orto de o vedeo in spotiu. Existd
I 890 1 895, orchitect Albert Bollu; The CEC Building, Buchoresl, 1 896 1900, orchiteci Poul Gottreou 5 Emil Proger, Betonu/ ormol in Romdnio (Reinforced Concreie in Romonio), Buchoresi, 1979, pp 52,l06,
llustrotio pe pogino 82 lllustrolion on poge B2: Angelo Viecelli Sonotoriul Cormen Silvo, proiect pentru concurs, Cormen Silvo Sonotorium, proiect [or contest, ]936 Se vo citi becomes: Angelo Viecelli Sonotoriul Dobrito-Gorj, proiect pentru concurs, Dobrito-Gori Sonotorium, proiect lor contest, 1935
1936/
1935/
88
spotiu limitot de plonuri pereti - INTERIORUL - ior co urmore o interiorului, volumul EXTERIORUL. Putereo de creotie o orhitectului se rezumd in otitudineo de o vedeo in spotiu, de o concepe spotiul limitot gl de o troge
dintr-onsul toote consecinlele in volumul exterior. lnteriorul
u0
6.ldem,p123.
/.
modern
problemotico construcfiilor de locuinte, cu duroto de oporitie intre l92B- 1929, cond existou in Romdnio door cdtevo incercdri sporodice de pdkundere o curentului modernist,
inollimeo
si
Le
Corbusier, semnote de orhiiectii Rodu Udroiu si Floreo Stonculescu, precum si schile ole unor proiecte de locuinte cu o conceptie moderno, core'insd ou rdmos nemoleriolizote Ele relevo o pozilie progresisld in roport cu ceeo ce se construio in ocel momenlin Romdnio I 2 Horio Creongo, Conferintd in codrul ,,Asociotiei pentru urbonistico Bucurestilor", Bucuresti I 935
I
3GM
14 ldem I 2 15 ldem 3.
Descriereo soluliei pentru Hotelul ,,Bel ono" - fd cutd de outor, orhitectul G.M. Contocuzino, in orticolul ,,Tendences dons /'orchrtecttre roumotne", in revislo
l6 l/.
Revisto Cdminu/
nr I din 1929
ned eloe.
for
No I of 1929 12. Description o[ the solulion for Hotel Bellono, mode by the oulhor, orchitect George Molei 16
Conrocuzino, in the orticle "Tendences dons /'orchileclure
l5
ldem 3 Cominui
cum declord moi tdrziu ouiorul proieciului, situotio [inoncio16 precum si olte circumsionle nu ou permis
rez-de-chousstie, et oux 6loges l, ll, lll, choque chombre est prolong6e por un bolcon limi16 por des cloi' sons. Dons les sous-sols, les cuisines et leurs depenes, sont lorgemenl rmis dons sons exi' iusqu'o lo mer onl
nt."
reolizoreo iniegrolo
Acodemiei Rom5ne. Se construieste door biblioteco, urmond co resful obiectivelor sd [ie conslruit ulterior, conform temei de onsomblu lonsoto initiol
89
I B The Building of the Dolles Foundotion hos show rooms, o concerl room, onnexes etc. As o novelty, the ceiling o[ lhe show room, mode of metollic trusses, lets
luri feroviore in Romon.o, vo duro pe porcursul o'moi multi oni. lnvestitiile oceslui gigont ol industriei romdnesti ou ovut o influento puternicd in dezvoltoreo progromelor orhitecturii industriole. 2l lAl Dovidescu, ,,Orose/e Romeniei", No/iuni de urbonism, Bucuresli 1937, p.2 22. R. Bliistro, l'Urbonrsme oux Poys Bos depuis /900, Amsterdom 1965. 23. Cincinoi Sfintescu, Urbonislico specio/d. 24. Plonul direclor de sistemotizore o copiiolei, 1 934, reolizoi de comisio de sistemotizore 'infiintotd de primorul Dem Dobrescu si compuso din orhiteclii D. Morcu, G.M. Contocuzino, R. Bolomey, lon Al Dovidescu s, ing. Teodor Rodulescu.
26 Publicoreo proiecielor de concurs in revislele de orhitecturd din oceosto perioodo do posibilitoteo cunoosterii diferitelor vorionte ce ilustreozd nivelul de
inlelegere si oprofundore o problemelor urbone de caire generotiile de orhitecti si urbonisti interbelici.
I Al Dovidescu, "Orosele Romdniei" (Romonio's Ciiies), Notlons of Urbonism, Buchorest, 1937, p.2. 22. R.Blilstro, L'Urbonisme c:ux Poys Bos depuis i900, Amsterdom 1965. 23. Cincinot Sfinlescu, Urbonisfico specio/o (Speciol
2l
copitol, l 934, wos drown up by the urbon pionning commission set up by moyor Dem.Dobrescu ond mode up of orchitects D. Morcu, G.M. Contocuzino, R.Bolomey, lon Al Dovidescu ond engineer Teodor Rodulescu.
24.Ihe
90