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Microprocessor Archetecture Cheat Sheet

Basic information about microprocessor architecture with some information specific to the Motorola Z80. Used for EE14 at Tufts University.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views3 pages

Microprocessor Archetecture Cheat Sheet

Basic information about microprocessor architecture with some information specific to the Motorola Z80. Used for EE14 at Tufts University.

Uploaded by

mrjefferson
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5 parts of computer system- (ALU + register, Control Unit, Memory System, Input Device, Output Device) connected by common

bus Data path- register file- storage locations in CPU used to hold data/address, ALU- gets instructions/data/ from registers/memory Control path- CU- control unit, contains hardware instruction logic, decodes & manages execution of instruction in ALU Memory architecture- Von Neuman- organize programs & data into single memory, programs/data share same memory space Harvard architecture- separate memories for program and data 2 types of memory devices- RAM (random access memory) & ROM (read only memory) RAM- volatile- data lost when power removed, ROM- non-volatile, data remains even after power removed Memory Map- shows how memory addresses in memory space are used/not used Common bus contains address bus, data bus, control bus Software for embedded system is in ROM Assembler- program that translates an assembly program to an executable file. Absolute assembler- all machine codes of the programs generated by the assembler are located absolutely at the specified memory locations. Directive ORG used to provide address info. Advantage- simple, disadvantages- all source code must be in program, project cannot easily be split into smaller elements. Relocatable assembler- produces object-file which binary codes for the operations (opcode). Program can be split into multiple parts Linker- takes object files, links them together, & resolves all addresses or operands. Compiler- translates high level language programs to assembly or object file. Structured Program Design- 1) Design, 2) Coding, 3) Module, 4) System, 5) Documentation, 3 basic elements in structured programming- sequence, decision, repetition 4 fields of assembler source code- label, operation, operands, comments Label- string of alphanumeric characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, _, . & started with alphabetical character Operation- 3 types of operations 1) Mnemonics- instructions for target ex. Ldaa, bra, lds, ldd, jsr, dbne, jmp 2) Pseudo instruction (i.e. Macros) set of instructions for the target machine 3) Directives- instructions for assembler Ex. ORG sets memory location for next instruction in an absolute assembler (Pseudo operations) EQU equates symbol (label) to a value DC.B/DC.W allocate memory locations Define Constant. Byte All mnenomics, macros, and some directives (DB DS) will allocate memory for machine code. Operand Field- can be symbol, constant, or expression Symbol- 8-bit/16-bit integer value Constant- can be in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, binary, ASCII Expression- assembler evaluates expression to produce a value for operand Ex. ONE: EQU 1 TWO: EQU 2 ADD: DC.B ONE + TWO Macro- set of assembly instructions 3 stages 1) Macro definition 2) Macro invocation 3) Macro expansion Ex. Ldaa #-90 DIV4 becomes ldaa #-90 asra asra Conditional Code Register: Ex. 01101101 + 10010101 = 100000010 (+109) + (-107) = +2. H = 1, N = 0, Z = 0, V = 0, C = 1; H = half carry (if carry after C3 = 1, H = 1), N = 1 if negative number, 0 if positive, Z = 1 if number = 0, otherwise 0, V = overflow = C7 XOR C8 (1 XOR 1 = 0), C = last carry bit (C8). Twos Complement- 10010101 = -01101011 (starting from the right, skip 0s until you hit a 1, keep that 1, then toggle everything after)

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