FlM'98 0klkk FkFk

PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 1

60- T5+)-] 1/*6,418-4
A MEW
5CALEABLE, CCMPACl, ALL PUkPCSE, LCW CCSl, EASY lC USE
DklVEk FCk lGBfS.
Heinz kedi ond Peter KhIi
CfConcepl fechnologie AG, Houplslrosse 3, CH233 leubringen,Evilord, Swilzerlond
Phone ++4T , 32 322 42 3, lox. ++4T , 32 322 22 T
Abstroct
lnlegroled drive circuils hove been used on o lorge scole lor o number ol yeors in power
MSlEf ond lGBf converlers operoling wilh low powers.
fhe requiremenls ol converlers wilh higher powers connol be solislied by onechip solulions.
Developers lherelore mo|e use ol eilher boughlin or selldeveloped solulions bosed on
slondord componenls lor lhese opplicolions. fhe diversily ol lhe resulling opprooches is
correspondingly lorge.
A chip sel lhol con solisly lhe requiremenls ol lhese opplicolions hos now been developed lor
lhe power ronge lrom opproximolely T0|W lo severol megowolls. lhe "SCAlE" driver chip sel.
Whot is o "5CALE" driver?
SCAlE drivers ore bosed on o chip sel consisling ol lwo lCs ond o pulse lronslormer lor lhe
eleclricol isololion.
"5CALE" slonds lor 5coleoble, Compocl, Allpurpose, Lowcosl ond Eosylouse.
fhis is o concise enumerolion ol lhe mosl oulslonding properlies ol SCAlE drivers.
5coleoble
ne ol lhe mosl imporlonl properlies ol lhe SCAlE driver chip sel is ils scoleobilily. ln lhis
conlexl, lhe lerm scoleoble meons lhol lhe chip sel in conlrosl lo oll previous opprooches lo
inlegroled drive circuils con be used lor o very lorge ronge ol opplicolions. fhe SCAlE
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 2
driver chip sel con be used lo implemenl solulions lor diverse drive currenls |gole currenls| ond
vorious drive powers. SCAlE drivers ore well suiled lor olmosl ony swilching lrequency, ony
modulolion mode ond nol leosl lor isololion volloges ol proclicolly ony mognilude.
SCAlE drivers con be used lo conslrucl power seclions lrom lhe |ilowoll lo lhe megowoll
ronge.
Compocl
SCAlE drivers occommodole oll lhe necessory componenls on o minimum surloce oreo. fhey
cover lhe lollowing lunclions. driving, moniloring, slolus oc|nowledgemenl, isololed volloge
supply |DC,DC converlers| ond eleclricol isololion ol oll signols belween lhe conlrol eleclronics
ond lhe power seclion.
SCAlE drivers ore currenlly lhe mosl compocl driver solulions on lhe mor|el wilh lhis ronge ol
lunclions.
All purpose
fhe SCAlE driver chip sel ollers moximum llexibilily ol operolion. by swilching lhe mode
occordingly, o choice con be mode belween hollbridge or direclmode operolion.
ln hollbridge operolion, lhe chip sel con generole lhe required deod limes direclly.
ln direcl mode, lhere ore no lin|s belween lhe individuol chonnels ol o mulliple driver.
Low cosl
SCAlE drivers ore highquolily driver circuils lor lGBfs ond power MSlEfs wilh on
oulslonding price,perlormonce rolio. A SCAlE driver conloins oll lhe componenls lhol con
possibly be inlegroled. ll encomposses lhe driver lunclion ilsell, plus moniloring,
oc|nowledgemenl, power supply |DC,DC converler| ond eleclricol isololion ol oll signols.
SCAlE drivers ore lhe mosl inexpensive drivers on lhe mor|el ollering lhis perlormonce.
Eosy lo use
fhe inlerloce lo lhe eleclronics is very simple. lhe SCAlE driver chip sel con hondle oll
slondord logic levels belween 7 ond T7. fhe inpuls hove o Schmill lrigger choroclerislic
ond mo|e no speciol demonds on lhe inpul signols. fhe slolus oc|nowledgemenls ore
designed os opencolleclor oulpuls ond ore lhus compolible wilh oll lhe usuol logic levels.
Applicolion is exlremely simple becouse o SCAlE driver conloins oll lhe lunclions ol on
inlelligenl driver, ond lhe drive signols, lhe slolus oc|nowledgemenl ond lhe power supply ore
complelely isololed lrom lhe power seclion.
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 3
Applicolion ol SCAlE drivers wilh slondord lGBf modules is in mosl coses simpler lhon on
lPM, bul wilhoul ony loss in llexibilily.
Description of the 5CALE driver
lock dogrom ol o 5CALE drver
8EI
8++
/,
Rg
Rg
l9
l9
|9l
8EI
8EI
8EI
||e||res|t |ee|
|ewer-
\ejara||es |ewer |ee| \e|tesiat|er
9r|er es ls|erlate es
|#M
est|||a|er
a|as|t
\C||| 9r|er Meia|e
(et|ersa|)
Rth
Rth
I/g. . oc c/cg:c o c Ivocce CAIL c:/ve:
fhe bloc| diogrom shows o lwochonnel driver bosed on lhe SCAlE chip sel. fhe lhreephose
design conloins only one PWM oscillolor, oll olher componenls ore presenl in lriplicole.
Product properties
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 4
Producl Feolures
Sui|ublo |or lGBIs und powor MSFEIs
Shor|-circui| und ovorcurron| pro|oc|ion
Ex|romoly roliublo, long sorvico li|o
High gu|o curron| o| A |o 30A
Eloc|ricul isolu|ion |rom 00 V |o >10kV
Eloc|ricully isolu|od s|u|us ucknowlodgomon|
Moni|oring o| powor supply und sol|-moni|oring
Swi|ching |roquoncy DC |o >100kHz
Du|y cyclo: 0... 100
High dv/d| immuni|y, guurun|ood >100,000V/ps
Low cos|
Complo|o solu|ion wi|h in|ogru|od DC/DC convor|or
Shor|or dovolopmon| |imo
keloble operolon
Gole driving wilh o posilive ond negolive conlrol volloge |lypicolly T7| ollows lhe relioble
operolion ol lGBf modules ol ony size lrom ony monuloclurer. fhon|s lo lhe high inlerlerence
immunily olloined by using o negolive gole volloge, o number ol power MSlEf or lGBf
modules con be connecled in porollel wilhoul hoving lo worry oboul porosilic swilching
operolions or oscillolions.
fhe componenls ol lhe SCAlE driver series conloin lor eoch ol lhe lwo chonnels on
eleclricol isololion belween lhe conlrol ond power sides, on overcurrenl ond shorlcircuil
proleclion circuil lor lhe power lronsislors, o supplyvolloge moniloring circuil, o slolus
oc|nowledgemenl circuil os well os on eleclricollyisololed supply lor lhe drive eleclronics vio
on inlegroled DC,DC converler.
Genune eleclrcol sololon
SCAlE drivers conloin miniolurized lronslormers lor lhe isololion ol oll chonnels. fhese oller
oulslonding isololion properlies ond low coupling copocilies.
fhe SCAlE driver con be used lo obloin isololion volloges ol proclicolly ony mognilude. Drive
circuils wilh relioble isololion con be implemenled lhol solisly oll relevonl inlernolionol
slondords ond specilicolions.
fhe exlremely high inlerlerence immunily ol ol leosl T00|7 per microsecond predeslines lhe
SCAlE driver lo opplicolions in which lorge polenliol dillerences ond lorge polenliol |umps
occur belween lhe power seclion ond lhe conlrol eleclronics.
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge
keloble lronslormer prncple
Pulse lronslormers were selecled becouse lhey oller lhe lollowing odvonloges over oll olher
designs. minimum deloy limes, no degrodolion ellecls, moximum service lile ond lhe obilily lo
obloin isololion volloges ol ony desired mognilude.
Deloy lmes
fhe deloy limes lhrough lhe complele driver circuil ore oround 30ns. fhe deloys lor lhe
posilive ond lhe negolive edges ore symmelricol.
fhere ore olmosl no dillerences in deloy lime belween lhe dillerenl drivers, on imporlonl loclor
lor ensuring operolion wilhoul ollsel problems os well os lor porollel circuils. Signol lronsler is
proclicolly |illerlree.
5horl~crcul ond overcurrenl proleclon
ne ol lhe imporlonl lunclions ol lhe SCAlE drivers is lo ensure relioble proleclion ol lhe
power lronsislors ogoinsl overcurrenl ond shorl circuil. fhe currenl meosuremenl is bosed on
lhe delerminolion ol lhe droin source or collecloremiller volloge ol lhe oclivoled lronsislor. ll o
lhreshold delined by lhe user is exceeded, lhe power lronsislor is lurned oll ond remoins
bloc|ed in lhis slole lor o delined minimum lime. Aller lhis lime hos elopsed, lhe lronsislor is
lurned on ogoin synchronously wilh lhe nexl lurnon edge ol lhe drive signol.
5lolus ocknowledgemenls
fhe pulse lronslormer is operoled bidireclionolly lor lronslerring bolh lhe drive inlormolion
ond lhe slolus oc|nowledgemenl.
LDl 001 Iogic~to~driver interfoce
PWM signols ol lhe |ind generoled by lhe conlrol eleclronics connol simply be lronslerred vio
lronslormers. fhis is porliculorly dillicull when o lorge lrequency ronge ond vorious duly cycle
rolios ore lo be lronsmilled.
fhe lDl 00T logiclodriver inlerloce wos developed lor lhis reoson. fhis lC hos lhe lollowing
moin lunclions.
T| Creolion ol o simple inlerloce lor lhe user
2| Molching lo lhe logic level used in lhe eleclronics |7...T7| wilh Schmill lrigger inpuls
3| Coding ol lhe PWM signols so lhol lhey con be lronsmilled vio o pulse lronslormer
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge
4| Evoluolion ol lhe slolus oc|nowledgemenl lronsmilled in coded lorm ond ils subsequenl
bullering so lhol o quosislolic oc|nowledgemenl signol is ovoiloble lo lhe user
| lorming lhe deod limes in o holl bridge, where required. fhis lunclion con olso be
deoclivoled
lock dogrom ol lhe LDl 00J logc~lo~drver nlerloce

V+

GND
VCC
Mode
CONCEPT LDI 001
Trafo
Interface
Pulstrafo
Trafo
Interface
Dead-
Time
Pulse
Error-
Logic
Error-
Logic
VL
Input A
Input B
Status 1
Status 2
Dual
Lo
Hi
Input B / Enable
Reset
Input A
Error Channel 2
Error Channel 1
Error
Error
Mode-Selector
Reset
Reset
Stop
RC1 RC2








Logic
Pulse
Logic
Logic
VL
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 1
Pulstrafo
Channel 2
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9
11
12
13
14
16
I/g. 2 oc c/cg:c o Ie IDI UU. og/cIoc:/ve: /Ie:cce
fhe lunclions shown wilhin lhe bloc| in lig. 2 ore inlegroled on o single chip. fhe enlire signol
processing lunclion is complelely inlegroled on lhe chip ond no exlernol componenls ore
required.
lnpuls
fhe signol inpuls hove o Schmill lrigger choroclerislic. fhe swilching lhresholds ore olwoys
T,3 or 2,3 ol lhe logic supply volloge respeclively. fhis con be lreely selecled in lhe ronge
belween 7...T7. fhis meons lhol o SCAlE driver con be connecled direclly ond wilh no
oddilionol componenls lo ony logic circuils. Bul il olso ollows driving vio longer cobles. lhe
noiselosignol rolios ol o T7 level ore occeploble lor lhese opplicolions.
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge Z
Codng lhe sgnols
fhe lDl 00T processes lhe signols so lhol eoch drive signol con be reliobly lronslerred,
irrespeclive ol swilching lrequency ond pulse widlh. fhe enlire signol processing lo|es ploce
on lhe chip wilhoul exlernol componenls.
Bul lhe shorl pulses lhol ore olherwise crilicol lor lronslormer solulions ore olso perleclly
lronsmilled ol oll limes.
5lolus ocknowledgemenl
fhe slolus oc|nowledgemenls ore ovoiloble os opencolleclor signols. "High" slolus meons
"no error", while "conduclive" slolus indicoles on error in lhis chonnel.
Severol slolus oulpuls con olso be connecled direclly in porollel il only o composile error
messoge is required.
fhe slolus oc|nowledgemenls ore bullered by on inlegroled llipllop so lhol on error remoins
slored up lo lhe nexl drive edge or unlil il is oc|nowledged.
Drecl mode
ln direcl mode, lhere is no loc|ing belween dillerenl drive chonnels. fhis ollows lhe use ol
conlrollers lhol olreody generole o deod lime, lor inslonce. Bul severol chonnels con olso
swilchin simulloneously, o cose lhol is required in opplicolions such os osymmelricol holl
bridges.
Holl~brdge mode wlh deod lme
ln hollbridge mode, lwo chonnels ore olwoys operoled os o holl bridge. ln lhis mode, lhe
SCAlE driver con direclly generole lhe required deod limes in lhe region ol opproximolely
T00ns lo severol microseconds. nly lwo exlernol RC componenls ore used. By deoclivoling
lhe "Enoble" inpul, oll lhe power semiconduclors ore swilched oll.
lGD 001 inteIIigent gote driver
An lGD 00T inlelligenl gole driver is used lor eoch drive chonnel. fhis lC hos lhe lollowing
lunclions.
T| Decoding lhe PWM signols lronslerred vio lhe pulse lronslormer
2| Amplilying lhe PWM signols lo drive lhe linol sloge
3| Power Semiconduclor desolurolion moniloring |shorl circuil & overcurrenl proleclion|
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 8
4| Undervolloge moniloring
| Generoling response ond bloc|ing limes
| Slolus oc|nowledgemenl lo lhe conlroller |lDl 00T|
lock dogrom
RGx
Dm Rm
Rthx
CONCEPT IGD 001
V+ V+ V+
Rref
V+
V+
V+
Vcc-Fail
Uce-Fail
SO
Error-
Timer
Pulse
Pulse Logic
Supervisor
Vce-Monitoring
Trafo
Reset
Error
Interface
Power-Supply
Flip-Flop




Ca
Cb
Viso
SCALE Driver Module
V+
Gx
Cx
Rthx
Ex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
I/g. J oc c/cg:c o IGD UU. /Ie/geI gcIe c:/ve: v/I eIe:c v/:/g
All lhe lunclions shown in lhe inner bloc| ol lig. 3 ore inlegroled on lhe chip. fhe componenls
shown in lhe ouler bloc| ore conloined in lhe SCAlE driver modules. fhis meons lhol
proclicolly no exlernol componenls ore required.
5horl crcul ond over~currenl proleclon
fhe lGD 00T is equipped wilh o 7ce moniloring circuil. A resislor is used os lhe relerence
elemenl lor delining lhe lurnoll lhreshold.
During lhe response lime, lhe 7ce moniloring circuil is inoclive. fhe response lime is lhe lime
lhol elopses oller lurnon ol lhe power semiconduclor unlil lhe lronsislor is soluroled.
When o 7ce or undervolloge error occurs, lhe bloc|ing lime is inilioled. During lhis lime, lhe
driver bloc|s lhe power semiconduclor ond does nol occepl ony drive signols.
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge P
Power supply ond monlorng
An undervolloge moniloring circuil bloc|s lhe driver in lhe evenl ol insullicienl supply
volloges. n lhe cose ol undervolloge, lhe power semiconduclor is driven by o negolive gole
volloge ond on error is reporled.
ExompIe: oppIicotion with o six~pock driver
fo illuslrole lhe producl ronge ol SCAlE drivers, on opplicolion ol lhe SDT0E sixpoc|
SCAlE driver is shown here logelher wilh o sixpoc| lGBf module.
!"
!# $&
50,mm T,44mm
Drlll holos = 0,mm...T,0mm
Soldor Puds = T,mm
Cr ld = 2,4mm
Tmm
|3 00 mll| |200 0 mll|
I/g.= Aecc/cc cyouI o Ie D.U :/pcc c:/ve: o: ecoopcc
Crcul dogrom ol o 30kW nverler
ln lhis opplicolion exomple, o sixpoc| lGBf module lrom eupec is shown logelher wilh lhe
sixpoc| driver. fhe BSMT00GDT20DM2 module in on econopoc| is equipped wilh six
lGBfs eoch ol T00A,T2007. ll olloins on inverler oulpul power ol 20...3|W depending
on lhe swilching lrequency ond heol sin|. fhe driver power sullices lo drive lhis lGBf module
wilh swilching lrequencies lo obove 20|Hz..
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 10
R
G
4
R
G
3
R
G
6
R
G
5
R
G
2
R
G
1
DC(+)
DC(-)
V U W
D
C
(
+
)
D
C
(
+
)
D
C
(
+
)
R
t
h
6
R
t
h
5
R
t
h
4
R
t
h
3
R
t
h
2
R
t
h
1
6
8
6
7
6
6
6
5
6
2
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
8
4
1
4
2
4
3
4
4
4
7
4
8
4
9
5
0
6
1
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
6
5
9
6
0
12 3456 789
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
I
n
p
u
t

1
I
n
p
u
t

2
I
n
p
u
t

3
I
n
p
u
t

4
I
n
p
u
t

5
I
n
p
u
t

6
CONCEPT 6SD106E Six-pack driver
Not connected
+
2
k
2
4
V
7
GND
GND +15V
+15V
S
t
a
t
u
s
DC(+)
DC(-)
+
1
6
A
1
2
1
6
B
1
1
1
6
C
1
0
1
8
A
9
1
8
B
8
1
8
C
7
1
9
A
6
1
9
B
5
1
9
C
4
1
7
A
3
1
7
B
2
1
7
C
1
1
5
A
21C
1
5
B
21B
1
5
C
21A 13A
20C
13B
20B
13C
20A 14A
14C
14B
eupec BSM100GD120DN2
I/g. o CopeIe c/:cu/I c/cg:c o Ie JUV /ve:Ie:
fhe circuil diogrom shown in lig. shows oll lhe componenls required lor lhe inverler circuil.
fhe diogrom lhus illuslroles cleorly lhe level ol inlegrolion ol lhe driver solulion ond ils
simplicily ol opplicolion.
fhe SCAlE driver solulion hos lhe odvonloge over lPM solulions which require more
exlernol componenls bul oller no greoler llexibilily in lhe choice ol swilching properlies lhol
lewer oddilionol componenls ore needed lo deline lhe swilching choroclerislics os required. ln
oddilion, lhe level ol lhe proleclive lurnoll |7ce moniloring| con be lreely selecled.
PWEk CMVEkSlM CMlEkEMCE PClMP8 MAY 1PP8 MUkMBEkG, GEkMAMY Puge 11
Oullook
fhe SCAlE driver chip sel con be used lo develop o producl ronge lhol includes drivers wilh
dillerenl numbers ol drive chonnels, drive powers, isololion properlies elc. fhis producl ronge
con be used lo cover o brood ronge ol opplicolions ond powers olwoys wilh on equolly
simple inlerloce lo lhe eleclronics.
A driver chip wilh o liberoplic inlerloce is currenlly in preporolion.
kelerences
|T] "SCAlE driver descriplion", CfConcepl fechnologie AG, T8
|2] Dolo sheel "Sixpoc| lGBf driver SDT0E", CfConcepl fechnologie AG, T8
|3] Heinz Ruedi ond Peler Khli, Applicolion Mole AMZ0T, "lGBf drivers correclly
colculoled", CfConcepl fechnologie AG, TZ
For more inlormotion pIeose contoct:
CI-Concop| Iochnology l|d.
ln|olligon| Powor Eloc|ronics
Ron|ors|rosso 1
CH-204 Biol-Bionno
Swi|zorlond
Fon +41 - 32 - 341 41 01
Fox +41 - 32 - 341 Z1 21
E-Moil ln|[email protected]
ln|orno| www.lCBI-Drivor.com