1-800-555-SOIL

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345

Mr./Ms. Cooper Union Geotechnical Consultants 51 Astor Place New York, NY 10003

Dear Sir or Madam: As per our phone conversation, GUIDO FOUNDATIONS INC (GFI) is retaining your firm on a sub-contracting basis for the Terzaghi Office Tower/Auditorium Complex project. The nature of your work is as follows: (1) (2) (3) (4) Layout of a detailed subsurface investigation including cost estimate. Preliminary evaluation of soil properties from the exploratory boring program. Design of spread footing foundation based on the detailed study. Settlement analysis of the proposed spread footing foundation.

Biweekly progress review meetings will commence as necessary. Four reports, one on each phase of the project are required and their due dates will be announced at a later time. Thank you.

Sincerely Yours,

Vito A. Guido, Ph.D., P.E. President, GFI

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
TERZAGHI OFFICE TOWER/AUDITORIUM COMPLEX An office tower and an auditorium and convention center facility are to be constructed. The site of the Terzaghi Tower is at 51 st and Morgan Streets, Chicago, Illinois. If the differential settlement between the office tower and auditorium/convention center is predicted to be excessive, expansion joints between the two structures may be required (see Figure 1). At the present time, it is planned that the office tower be supported on spread footings under each column. The auditorium structure will consist of a number of rigid frames which will support the roof load and the first floor. The basement slab of the auditorium building will have to support special, heavy storage facilities in addition to ventilating and air conditioning equipment, and will be a reinforced concrete slab supported directly on the soil.

FIGURE 1
PLAN VIEW NORTH

7 @ 20' = 140' A B C D AE F G

6 @ 22' = 132'

. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

. . . . . . . . . Office . . Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

4 @ 40' = 160' 9 10 11 B 12 13

. . . . Joint . Expansion . . . . . Auditorium . . . . . .

. . . .

A 66'

14 Stories

SECTION A-A

Expansion Joint 10' Elev. + 12.5 Finished Grade Elev. + 1.5

Elev. + 12.5 Finished

SECTION B-B Rigid Frame Elev. + 12.5 Wall Wall Footing

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345

The following unit loadings are to be used for the design of the Terzaghi Office Tower/Auditorium Complex. (A) Office Tower (a) Roof: dead load = 70 psf, live load = 40 psf (b) Floors and basement: dead load = 90 psf, live load = 60 psf (c) Wall (above grade): dead load = 40 psf of wall area (d) Wall (below grade): dead load = 130 psf of wall area (B) Auditorium (a) Roof: dead load = 80 psf, live load = 40 psf (b) Floor: dead load = 100 psf, live load = 125 psf (c) Wall (above grade): dead load = 40 psf of wall area (d) Wall (below grade): dead load = 130 psf of wall area

The structural engineering division of GFI has computed the column loads for these unit loads as applied to the structure shown in Figure 1. (Note: These loads are those which reach the footing. They do not include the weight of the basement slab.) They are as follows: (A) Office Tower (a) Interior columns: 394.0 tons (b) Side columns on north-south side: 315.2 tons (c) Side columns on east-west side: 291.1 tons (d) Corner columns: 217.1 tons (B) Auditorium (a) Side columns on east-west side: 479.0 tons (b) Corner columns: 317.7 tons

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
Based on the reconsaissance and exploratory phases of the subsurface investigation, it has been determined by the geotechnical group at GFI that a detailed phase of subsurface investigation is warranted. It has been found that a 25 to 30 foot thick layer of blue-gray silty clay extends across the proposed construction site. It may be the seat of excessive differential settlement under the tower or between the tower and auditorium. Four borings, EB1, EB2, EB3, and EB4 were taken in the exploratory phase of subsurface investigation (See Figure 2 for boring locations). Figure 3 contains the composite boring logs of these exploratory borings. Prepare two subsurface profiles: one for a section through borings EB1, EB3, and EB4, and another for a section through borings EB2, EB3, and EB4. Utilizing these two subsurface profiles and the following specifications lay out a detailed boring program. In this program indicate the number of borings and their locations, the estimated depth of each boring, the type of samples to be taken, and the estimated cost of the entire detailed study. Specifications (A) Location of Borings (a) Office Tower: One boring must be taken for every 4000 ft 2 of plan area and no boring must be more than 40 ft from any column location. (b) Auditorium: One boring must be taken for every 3000 ft 2 of plan area and no boring must be more than 35 ft from any column location. (B) Depth of Borings The depth of sampling should be based on the DeBeer-Hvorslev recommendation. This depth is below elevation +1.5 (proposed base of spread footings). It should be adjusted to reflect the additional distance from the original ground surface to elevation +1.5. The depth calculated above is a minimum depth of boring. All borings should be advanced beyond the bluegray silty clay into at least 3 ft of more suitable material, with "undisturbed" samples taken in the clay (see Section C below). If rock is encountered within this minimum depth, rock core of BX size should be taken from this rock (see Section C below).

(C) Types of Samples (a) Split spoon samples with SPT should be taken in all materials except the clay at an interval of at least every 2.5 ft. (b) "Undisturbed" samples should be taken at least every 5 ft. (c) A minimum of 10 feet of rock core should be taken.

FIGURE 2
10 1 A 10 B 12 C D
14 E

2 EB1

12 5

14 8
16 9 10

16

14 11

12 12

13

10

EB2

F
16

EB3

Expansio n Joint

EB4

G
16

14

12 Contours

10

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
FIGURE 3: EXPLORATORY BORINGS FOR THE TERZAGHI OFFICE TOWER/AUDITORIUM COMPLEX EB1 Elev. 11.0 0 Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 48 Little Fine Gravel 15 19 Light Brown Coarse to Fine 21 Sand 17 21.5 Light Brown Coarse to Fine 22 Sand 0 Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 46 Little Fine Gravel 14 Light Brown Coarse to Fine 25 Sand EB2 Elev. 16.0 0 Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 45 Little Fine Gravel 12 Light Brown Coarse to Fine 22 Sand EB3 Elev. 16.0 0 Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 41 Little Fine Gravel EB4 Elev. 12.0

19.5

14

29

28

30

17

Yellow-Brown Coarse to Fine 26 Sand 39 41

Yellow-Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 27 Trace Coarse Silt Dark Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 43 Little Coarse Silt; Some Fine Gravel 50 50 41

Yellow-Brown Coarse to Fine 25 Sand; Little (-) Coarse Silt Dark Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 43 Little Coarse Silt; Little (+) 50 Fine Gravel 50 39

Yellow-Brown Coarse to Fine 25 Sand; Little (+) Coarse Silt Dark Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 43 Little Coarse Silt; Little Fine Gravel 43 43

Dark Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 43 Little Coarse Silt; Some Fine Gravel 45 45

45 Blue-Gray Silty Clay

50 Blue-Gray Silty Clay; Trace Fine Sand 76 Gray-Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 69 Some (+) Fine Gravel Gray-Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 65 Some Fine Gravel 86 Bottom of Hole

50 Blue-Gray Silty Clay; 25 Trace (+) Fine Sand 76 Gray-Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; 63 Some (-) Fine Gravel 82 Bottom of Hole

43 Blue-Gray Silty Clay; Trace Fine Sand 76 Gray Granite, RQD = 90%

21

22

23

74

96

Bottom of Hole

86

Bottom of Hole

Note : (1) These logs are not drawn to a particular scale, (2) Numbers to the left of the boring log are depths below the original ground surface, (3) Numbers to the right of the boring log are average S&H blow counts for the indicated layer (S&H spoon: outer diameter = 2.5 in., inner diameter = 2 in., weight = 150 lbs, and height = 24 in.), (4) Borings are to be referenced by elevation, not depths.

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
CURRENT SAMPLING COSTS

(A) (B) (C) (D)

On/Off Charge: $1000.00 (entire job) Casing and split spoon driving for SPT: $30.00 per foot Hole advanced with rotary rig and drilling mud plus piston sampling: $150.00 per sample BX rock coring: $50.00 per foot (twin barrel)

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SOIL PROPERTIES Attached is the boring log for boring EB2. Included are the results of basic indexing tests performed on thse soils at GFI Soils Laboratory, such as specific gravity, grain size distribution and the Atterberg Limits Test. From this information, evaluate preliminary soil properties, which are to be presented in a BORING REPORT SHEET. This sheet should contain the following plots: (A) A boring log with Unified Classification System (UCS) designations. (B) Chart: Depth vs. SPT (N) blow counts (C) Chart: Depth vs. Natural water content and Atterberg Limits (D) Chart: Depth vs. Relative density (E) Chart: Depth vs. Internal angle of friction (F) Chart: Depth vs. Unconfined compressive strength (tsf) (G) Chart: Depth vs. Total and effective overburden pressure (see part H for details concerning total unit weights of soils) (H) In order to perform part (G), the total unit weights of each sample must be determined. Subsequently, average total unit weights for each layer must be extrapolated and these used in part (G). The total unit weights should be calculated in the following manner. (a) All granular samples above the ground water table using the blow count record. (b) All granular samples below the ground water table considering saturation is 100% and using given water contents. Pick any two of these samples and compare the total unit weight obtained using blow count record to that considering 100% saturation and using given water contents. (c) All cohesive soil samples below the ground water table considering 100% saturation and using given water contents. (d) Prepare a plot of depth vs. total unit weight (pcf). The ground water table occurs in the seocnd layer. For this soil, obtain two average total unit weights, one above and one below the ground water table. Presentation of all data should be in a well organized tabular form, with calculations of all phases available for review.

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
Project: Terzaghi Office Tower/Auditorium Complex Location: 51st and Morgan Streets, Chicago, Illinois Date Started: 7/17/82 Date Finished: 7/19/82 Boring No.: EB2 Boring Contractor: W.G. Co. Driller: A.S.L. Soil Engineer: R.N. Casing: O.D. 4.5 in. I.D. 3.875 in. Hammer Weight 300# Hammer Drop 24 in. Spoon: O.D. 2.5 in. I.D. 2 in. Hammer Weight 150# Hammer Drop 24 in. Type S&H #A15377 Surface Elevation: +16.0 Datum: Chicago City Datum Ground Water Elevation: - 5.5 Depth below surface 0 Blows/ft on casing 11 20 23 25 29 33 35 38 40 41 42 45 47 49 52 56 56 Spoon Sample Data Sample Blows per six inches on spoon Natural Moisture Depth No. 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 Content from - to 1
1.5-3.0

Material Description

Liquid Limit

Plastic Limit

Gs

17

16

16

7.0

5 Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; Little Fine Gravel

4.5-6.0

20

18

17

9.5

7.0-8.5

22

21

25

12.0 2.67

10

9.5-11.0

23

22

25

14.5

11.5-13.0

26

22

24

17.0

15 17

14.5-16.0

30

26

27

19.5

17 59 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 105 107 111 116 120 122 124 127 130 134 137 140 143 143 147 151 156 158 160 164 166 170 173 177 178 179 181 182

14.5-16.0

30

26

27

19.5

Light Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; Little Fine Gravel

20

19.0-20.5

11

12

12

22.0

21.0-22.5

12

12

10

24.5

2.70

25

23.0-24.5

14

14

16

27.0

28 30 YellowBrown Coarse to Fine Sand; Trace Coarse Silt

10

25.5-27.0

15

16

26.5

11

29.0-30.5

12

13

14

28.5

35

12

32.0-33.5

13

13

15

28.0

2.72

13

35.0-36.5

16

17

17

28.0

40 41 Dark Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; Little Coarse Silt; Some Fine Gravel 50

14

41.5-43.0

20

21

13.0

15

44.0-45.5

22

23

25

13.5 2.70

45

16

47.5-49.0

24

24

24

13.2

50

17

50.5-52.0

59.2

64.0

37.0

18

53.0-54.5

59.7

65.0

37.5

55

60

Blue-Gray Silty Clay; Trace Fine Sand

65

70

75 76

Gray-Brown Coarse to Fine Sand; Some Fine Gravel

80

85 86

183 184 185 186 187 189 190 192 193 194 196 197 199 201 203 205 206 207 209 211 213 216 226 237 252 265 277 292 307 315 320 331

19

55.5-57.0

12

60.3

65.5

37.5

20

58.5-60.0

10

12

59.4

65.1

38.0

21

61.5-63.0

11

12

59.1

64.4

37.4 2.85

22

64.5-66.0

12

15

58.7

65.5

37.5

23

67.5-69.0

12

15

59.9

65.4

38.7

24

70.5-72.0

13

14

60.0

65.5

37.5

25

73.5-75.0

15

14

59.5

65.5

37.9

26

78.5-80.0

29

30

34

15.2

27

81.0-82.5

30

34

30

15.5 2.71

28

84.0-85.5

36

36

39

16.0

Bottom of Hole

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DRY UNIT WEIGHTS Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 26 27 28

d(MIN)

d(MAX)

(pcf) 94.5

(pcf) 116.8

86.8

113.3

94.5

123.3

109.5

136.0

101.5

121.8

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345

Depth 0' to 17'

Depth 17' to 28'

Depth 28' to 41'

Depth 41' to 50'

Depth 76' to 87'

0.021 0.099 0.216 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.458 0.600 1.040 5.000 9.000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.020 0.090 0.140 0.181 0.217 0.239 0.250 0.300 0.400 0.640 2.000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.060 0.090 0.130 0.190 0.270 0.400 0.540 0.800 1.100 1.600 2.500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.003 0.040 0.130 0.270 0.520 0.840 1.250 1.700 2.100 2.600 3.000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.014 0.100 0.200 0.280 0.350 0.430 0.560 0.900 2.000 4.300 8.000 10.000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 76 80 90 100

Grain Size Distribution Curves

Grain Size (mm)

% Finer by Weight (%)

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
DESIGN OF SPREAD FOOTINGS One of the borings from the Detailed Study was located in the southwest corner of the construction site (in the vicinity of columns F1 to F3). Coarse to fine sands with traces of silt were found to a depth of approximately 50 ft below the original ground surface. These were underlain by approximately 25 ft of clay, which was further underlain by a granular layer. The SPT blow counts, angles of internal friction, and total unit weights of all granular soils above a depth of 45.5 ft below the original ground surface can be found in Table 1. The angles of internal friction were obtained from Direct Shear tests performed on samples prepared at the relative densities determined from the driving record for this boring (tests were performed at GFI Soils Laboratory). As was indicated in the Introduction, it is presently planned that the office tower be supported on spread footings under each column. Based on the soil data in Table 1, design typical spread footings in the vicinity of this boring, taking into account the limits of the excavation (see Figure 4). (a) Assume that all footings have a depth of footing of 2 ft. (b) Assume an 8 in. slab rests on top of the footings. (c) In the design of all footings, it is required that a factor of safety of 3 against a stability failure be supplied and that the maximum settlement be limited to 1.25 in. The settlement calculation is to be done by employing Schmertmann's Method. Design: (a) an interior footing (b) a corner footing (c) a north-south side footing (d) an east-west side footing Show all calculations for possible review.

Table 1

Elevation + 16.0 + 13.0 + 10.0 + 7.5 + 5.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 1.0 + 0.0 - 1.0 - 4.0 - 4.5 - 5.5 - 6.0 - 6.5 - 8.0 - 8.5 - 10.0 - 11.0 - 12.0 - 14.0 - 14.5 - 17.0 - 17.5 - 20.5 - 25.0 - 27.0 - 29.5

N (blows/ft)
Original Ground Surface

(pcf) o 36 -30' o 37 -45' 34 -00' 34o-15' o 34 -45' o 35 -00' 36 -00' o 36 -45' o o

26 28 39 39 37 43 19 18 24 25 22 23 27 33 39

average total unit weight, T = 122.0 pcf

Interface between Soils No. 1 and 2

average total unit weight, T = 123.0 pcf

Location of the Ground Water Table

average buoyant unit weight, b = 62.5 pcf

Interface between Soils No. 2 and 3

average buoyant unit weight, b = 60.8 pcf

Interface between Soils No. 3 and 4

150'

FIGURE 4
142'

Limits of Excavation

NOT TO SCALE Original Ground

Base of Excavation, Elev.

Separate footing pits will be excavated below base of main excavation. z for Excavation Stress Release

z for Foundation Stress Increase

Guido Foundations, Inc. 243 Montmorillonite Drive Cohesive, New York 12345
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Typical footings have been designed in the vicinity of the boring previously indicated. A blue-gray silty clay was encountered 50 ft below the original ground surface, warranting "undisturbed" piston sampling. Three "undisturbed" samples were taken: UDS1, UDS2, and UDS3 (see Figure 5 for the location of these samples). This layer of clay would indicate the need for a settlement analysis to determine if the spread footing foundation is satisfactory. Consolidation tests were run on all three "undisturbed" samples at GFI Soils Laboratory. The results of these tests are as follows. (A) Void Ratio: Pressure data from one-dimensional consolidation tests.
Sample UDS1 UDS2 UDS3 Elevation -40.5 -47.0 -53.5 Cc 1.746 1.678 1.674 eo 1.690 1.720 1.709 Gs 2.85 2.85 2.85

(B)

A settlement analysis is to be performed for footings F1 and F2 of the office tower. The following specific computations are to be performed. (a) Effective overburden pressure at the elevation of each consolidation (b) sample. Stress release at the elevation of each consolidation sample resulting from the excavation (see Figure 4). Use the Westergarrd solution. (c) Stress increase at the elevation of each consolidation sample, resulting from the footings loads (see Figure 4). Use the Westergarrd solution. (d) Summation of the stresses from steps (a) through (c) and a tabulation of these final stresses. (e) Using an "incremental-depth" procedure, compute the ultimate settlement below the specified footings. Use Cv = 41.6 ft2/year. (f) Plot settlement vs. time curves for each footing, assuming soils 4 and 6 are both drainage mediums. Specify: (1) the time for 0.75 in. of settlement. (2) the total settlement at the end of two years. the time for 0.25 in. of differential settlement between the two (3) footings.

FIGURE 5 Elev. + 16.0

Original Ground Surface = 122 pcf Soil #1

- 1.0
T2

= 123 pcf = 62.5 pcf

Soil #2

- 5.5
b2

- 12.0
b3

= 60.8 pcf

Soil #3

- 25.0
b4

= 78 pcf

Soil #4 Blue Gray-Silty Clay UDS1

- 34.0

b5

= 42.8 pcf UDS2

UDS3 - 60.0
b6

Soil #6 = 75 pcf