Partial Fractions, Algebra Revision Notes From A-Level Maths Tutor

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Algebra Pure Maths topic notes

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

Algebra: Partial Fractions

some definitions:

Proper Fraction When the degree(index) of the function is higher in the denominator
than the numerator.

Improper Fraction When the degree(index) of the function is higher in the numerator
than the denominator.

Partial Fractions Factorising the denominator of a proper fraction means that the fraction
can be expressed as the sum(or difference) of other proper fractions.

Simple addition/subtraction of algebraic fractions

As with simple fraction arithmetic, a common denominator is found from the denominators
of either fraction and the numerators altered to be fractions of the new denominator.

Equations & Identities

Equations are satisfied by discrete values of the variable involved.

Example:

Identities are satisfied by any value of the variable used. Note the equals sign '=' is
modified to reflect this.

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Algebra Pure Maths topic notes

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

Example:

When we make partial fractions(below) we are creating an identity from the original
expression.

Denominator with only 'linear factors'

By 'linear' we mean that x has a power no higher than '1' . In other words, this method
does not work with x2, x3, x4 etc.

For each linear factor of the type:

there is a partial fraction:

Example:

where x is a variable and A,B,a,b,c,d are constants, where 'a' is not equal to 'b'.

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Algebra Pure Maths topic notes

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

Example #1

Denominator with 'repeated' linear factors

For each 'repeated' linear factor of the type:

there is a partial fraction:

Example:

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Algebra Pure Maths topic notes

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

Example #1

Denominator with a quadratic factor

For each quadratic factor of the type:

there is a partial fraction:

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Algebra Pure Maths topic notes

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

Example:

Example #1

A-level Maths Tutor www.a-levelmathstutor.com [email protected]

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