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EEE 51 Assignment 2 Solution: RS gm ro RC π π v π v + - i v + - o v + -

1. The document provides solutions to an assignment involving common-emitter and common-base amplifier circuits. It derives expressions for voltage gain, input and output resistances as functions of circuit parameters like collector current, transistor beta, source resistances, etc. 2. It finds the optimal collector current that maximizes voltage gain for the common-emitter amplifier. Very low and high currents reduce gain by lowering transconductance or increasing output resistance. 3. For the common-base amplifier, it determines input resistance, transconductance, output resistance and voltage gain both with and without a source resistance.

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59 views6 pages

EEE 51 Assignment 2 Solution: RS gm ro RC π π v π v + - i v + - o v + -

1. The document provides solutions to an assignment involving common-emitter and common-base amplifier circuits. It derives expressions for voltage gain, input and output resistances as functions of circuit parameters like collector current, transistor beta, source resistances, etc. 2. It finds the optimal collector current that maximizes voltage gain for the common-emitter amplifier. Very low and high currents reduce gain by lowering transconductance or increasing output resistance. 3. For the common-base amplifier, it determines input resistance, transconductance, output resistance and voltage gain both with and without a source resistance.

Uploaded by

khn_kyl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE 51 Assignment 2 Solution

WFU WFW 2nd Semester SY 2012 - 2013


Due: 5pm Friday, January 11, 2013 (Rm 201)
1. A common-emitter amplier (Fig. 2a), is driven by a voltage source with source resistance R
S
. In this problem, do not
neglect r
o
.
(a) Find the overall small signal gain
vout
vin
as a function of R
S
, R
C
, , V
A
, and the collector current I
C
.
Since we are already given the DC collector current, we can get the small signal parameters as:
g
m
=
I
C
V
T
(1)
r

=

g
m
=
V
T
I
C
(2)
r
o
=
V
A
I
C
(3)
Thus, the low frequency small signal model can be drawn as:
R
S
r
g
m
r
o
R
C

v
+
_
i
v
+
_
o
v
+
_
Figure 1: Small signal model for problem 1.
Computing the small signal gain:
v

=
r

+R
S
v
i
(4)
v
o
= g
m
v

(r
o
||R
C
) (5)
A
v
=
v
o
v
i
=
g
m
r

+R
S

r
o
R
C
r
o
+R
C
=

V
T
I
C
+R
S

V
A
I
C
R
C
V
A
I
C
+R
C
=
I
C
V
T
+
I
C
R
S

V
A
V
A
R
C
+I
C
(6)
(b) Determine the value of the DC collector current that maximizes the small signal voltage gain.
Simplifying the expression for gain:
A
v
=
I
C
V
A
V
T
V
A
R
C
+I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
_
+I
2
C
R
S

(7)
A
v
I
C
=
V
A
_
V
T
V
A
R
C
+I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
_
+I
2
C
R
S

_
I
C
V
A
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
+ 2I
C
R
S

_
_
V
T
V
A
R
C
+I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
_
+I
2
C
R
S

_
2
= 0 (8)
1
0 =
_
V
T
V
A
R
C
+I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
_
+I
2
C
R
S

_
I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
+ 2I
C
R
S

_
(9)
I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
+ 2I
C
R
S

_
=
V
T
V
A
R
C
+I
C
_
V
T
+
V
A

R
S
R
C
_
+I
2
C
R
S

(10)
R
S

I
2
C
=
V
T
V
A
R
C
(11)
I
C,opt
=
_

V
T
V
A
R
C
R
S
(12)
(c) Explain qualitatively why the gain falls at very high and very low collector currents.
At low collector currents, the transconductance is small, reducing the gain. At higher collector currents, r

becomes smaller, reducing the voltage v

, due to the voltage division between R


S
and r

, leading to lower
gain.
(d) What is the voltage gain at the optimum I
C
.
Substituting the optimum I
C
to the expression for A
v
:
A
v,opt
=
I
C,opt
V
T
+
I
C,opt
R
S

V
A
V
A
R
C
+I
C,opt
(13)
=
_

V
T
V
A
R
C
R
S
V
T
+
R
S
_

V
T
V
A
R
C
R
S

V
A
V
A
R
C
+
_

V
T
V
A
R
C
R
S
(14)
R
R
S
C
v
out
v
in
V
CC
(a) The circuit for problem 1.
R
+
v
-
in out
+
v
-
C
V
CC
(b) The circuit for problem 2.
Figure 2
2. Given the the common-base amplier in Fig. 2b,
(a) Determine the input resistance, transconductance, and output resistance of the amplier if the input is driven by
an ideal voltage source, I
C
= 250A and R
C
= 10k. Use = 200 and V
A
= 130V .
2
The common-base small signal model is then:
r
g
m
r
o
R
C

v
+
_
i
v
+
_
o
v
+
_
Figure 3: The small signal model for problem 2a.
Using the values given,
g
m
=
I
C
V
T
=
250A
25mV
= 10mS (15)
r

=

g
m
=
200
10mS
= 20k (16)
r
o
=
V
A
I
C
=
130V
250A
= 520k (17)
Applying KCL at the output node,
v
o
v
i
r
o
+
v
o
R
C
+g
m
v

= 0 (18)
Since v
i
= v

, we get
v
o
v
i
r
o
+
v
o
R
C
= g
m
v
i
(19)
v
o
_
1
r
o
+
1
R
C
_
= v
i
_
g
m
+
1
r
o
_
(20)
A
v
=
v
o
v
i
=
g
m
+
1
ro
1
ro
+
1
R
C
g
m
(r
o
||R
C
) g
m
R
C
= 100 (21)
The input resistance can then be found by applying a voltage across v
i
and measuring the current supplied
by this voltage source when the output is left open (no load). Thus
i
i
=
v
i
r

+
v
o
R
C
=
v
i
r

+
v
i
R
C
_
g
m
+
1
ro
1
ro
+
1
R
C
_
(22)
R
1
i
=
i
i
v
i
=
1
r

+
1
R
C
_
g
m
+
1
ro
1
ro
+
1
R
C
_
(23)
Note that g
m

1
ro
and
1
R
C

1
ro
, thus,
R
1
i
=
1
r

+g
m
=
1
20k
+ 10mS = 10.05mS (24)
R
i
99.5 (25)
3
Shorting the output and getting the eective transconductance G
m
=
io
vi
,
i
o
= g
m
v
i
+
v
i
r
o
= v
i
_
g
m
+
1
r
o
_
(26)
G
m
=
i
o
v
i
= g
m
+
1
r
o
g
m
= 10mS (27)
Applying a voltage source at the output and measuring the current delivered by this voltage source when the
input is set to zero (short) gives
R
o
= r
o
||R
C
= 520k||10k = 9.8k (28)
(b) Repeat (a) but assume that the input is driven by a voltage source with a source resistance of 5k.
The small signal model is then:
r
g
m
r
o
R
C

v
+
_
i
v
+
_
o
v
+
_
R
S
v
x
Figure 4: Small signal model for problem 2b.
Again, the voltage gain can be found as:
v
o
v
x
r
o
+
v
o
R
C
g
m
v
x
= 0 (29)
v
x
= v
o
1
ro
+
1
R
C
g
m
+
1
ro
(30)
By KCL at node v
x
gives
v
x
v
i
R
S
+
v
x
r

+
v
o
R
C
= 0 (31)
v
x
_
1
R
S
+
1
r

_
+v
o
1
R
C
= v
i
1
R
S
(32)
Thus,
v
o
_
1
R
C
+
_
1
ro
+
1
R
C
g
m
+
1
ro
_
_
1
R
S
+
1
r

_
_
= v
i
1
R
S
(33)
A
v
=
v
o
v
i
=
1
R
S
1
R
C
+
_
1
ro
+
1
R
C
gm+
1
ro
_
_
1
R
S
+
1
r
_

1
R
S
R
C
+
1
gmR
C
R
S
+r
r
=
1
5k
10k
+
1
100
5k+20k
20k
2 (34)
The input resistance is just increased by R
S
, thus,
R
i
= 5.099k (35)
4
3. Find the small signal voltage gain, input resistance and output resistance of the common drain amplier in Fig. 5, in
terms of the transistor V
TH
, I
D
, and .
V
DD
R
S
v
in
v
out
Figure 5
The small signal model is:
R
S
g
m r
o
gs
v
gs
v
+
_
i
v
o
v
Figure 6: The small signal model for problem 4.
The small signal parameters are:
g
m
= 2
_
kI
D
(36)
r
o
=
1
I
D
(37)
Writing the KCL equation at the output node:
g
m
v
gs
=
v
o
r
o
+
v
o
R
S
= g
m
(v
i
v
o
) (38)
v
o
_
1
r
o
+
1
R
S
+g
m
_
= g
m
v
i
(39)
A
v
=
v
o
v
i
=
g
m
g
m
+
1
r0
+
1
R
S
=
g
m
(r
o
||R
S
)
1 +g
m
(r
o
||R
S
)
=
2

kI
D
_
1
I
D
||R
S
_
1 + 2

kI
D
_
1
I
D
||R
S
_ (40)
As expected, the input resistance is innite, i.e. R
i
= . The output resistance can be found by inspection, and
is equal to
5
R
o
= r
o
||R
S
||
1
g
m
=
1
I
D
||R
S
||
1
2

kI
D
(41)
6

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