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Introduction To Management.: UNIT-1

1. Henri Fayol developed 14 principles of management in the early 20th century based on his theories of management and organization. Some key principles included division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, and unity of direction. 2. The evolution of modern management began in the late 19th century after the industrial revolution. Economic, technical and cultural changes occurred. Important events included the publication of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" which argued the benefits of division of labor. 3. The various approaches to management according to their sequence of evolution included classical and administrative theory, scientific management, and neo-classical thought and behavioral theory.

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46 views3 pages

Introduction To Management.: UNIT-1

1. Henri Fayol developed 14 principles of management in the early 20th century based on his theories of management and organization. Some key principles included division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, and unity of direction. 2. The evolution of modern management began in the late 19th century after the industrial revolution. Economic, technical and cultural changes occurred. Important events included the publication of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" which argued the benefits of division of labor. 3. The various approaches to management according to their sequence of evolution included classical and administrative theory, scientific management, and neo-classical thought and behavioral theory.

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Shyam Kalita
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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UNIT-1

INTRODUCTION TO M A N A G E M E N T.

14 -PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPED BY HENRI FAYOL. Henri Fayo !1"41-1#$%& 'a( a Fren)* +ana,e+en- -*eori(- '*o(e -*eorie( in +ana,e+en- an. or,ani/a-ion o0 a1or 'ere 'i.e y in0 2en-ia in -*e 1e,innin, o0 $3-* )en-2ry.
1. Division of Work4 Specialization increases output by making employees more

efficient. S5e)ia i/a-ion a o'( -*e in.i6i.2a -o 12i . 25 e75erien)e8 an. -o )on-in2o2( y i+5ro6e *i( (9i (. T*ere1y *e )an 1e +ore 5ro.2)-i6e. $. Authority: Managers must be able to give orders and the authority gives them this right. T*e ri,*- -o i((2e )o++an.(8 a on, 'i-* '*i)* +2(- ,o -*e 1a an)e. re(5on(i1i i-y 0or i-( 02n)-ion.
3.

Discipline4 Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the Organisation. E+5 oyee( +2(- o1ey8 12- -*i( i( -'o-(i.e.4 e+5 oyee( 'i on y o1ey or.er( i0 +ana,e+en- 5 ay( -*eir 5ar- 1y 5ro6i.in, ,oo. ea.er(*i5.

4. Unity of Command4 Every employee should receive orders from only one

superior. Ea)* 'or9er (*o2 . *a6e on y one 1o(( 'i-* no o-*er )on0 i)-in, ine( o0 )o++an..
5. Unity of Direction4 The organization should have a single plan of action to guide

managers and workers. Peo5 e en,a,e. in -*e (a+e 9in. o0 a)-i6i-ie( +2(- *a6e -*e (a+e o1:e)-i6e( in a (in, e 5 an. T*i( i( e((en-ia -o en(2re 2ni-y an. )oor.ina-ion in -*e en-er5ri(e. ;ni-y o0 )o++an. .oe( no- e7i(- 'i-*o2- 2ni-y o0 .ire)-ion 12- .oe( no- ne)e((ari y 0 o'( 0ro+ i-.
6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest): The interest of

anyone employee or group of employees should not take precedence over the interest of the organization as a whole . Mana,e+en- +2(- (ee -*a- -*e ,oa ( o0 -*e 0ir+( are a 'ay( 5ara+o2n-.
7.

emuneration4 Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services. Pay+en- i( an i+5or-an- +o-i6a-or a -*o2,* 1y ana y/in, a n2+1er o0 5o((i1i i-ie(8 Fayo 5oin-( o2- -*a- -*ere i( no (2)* -*in, a( a 5er0e)- (y(-e+.
1

8. Centrali!ation: T*i( -er+ re0er( -o -*e .e,ree -o '*i)* (21or.ina-e( are

in6o 6e. in .e)i(ion +a9in,. T*i( i( a +a--er o0 .e,ree .e5en.in, on -*e )on.i-ion o0 -*e 12(ine(( an. -*e <2a i-y o0 i-( 5er(onne .
9. Scalar chain ("ine of Authority): The line of authority from top management to

the lowest ranks is the scalar chain. A *ierar)*y i( ne)e((ary 0or 2ni-y o0 .ire)-ion. B2- a-era )o++2ni)a-ion i( a (o 02n.a+en-a 8 a( on, a( (25erior( 9no' -*a- (2)* )o++2ni)a-ion i( -a9in, 5 a)e. S)a ar )*ain re0er( -o -*e n2+1er o0 e6e ( in -*e *ierar)*y 0ro+ -*e 2 -i+a-e a2-*ori-y -o -*e o'e(- e6e in -*e or,ani/a-ion. I- (*o2 . no- 1e o6er-(-re-)*e. an. )on(i(- o0 -oo-+any e6e (. 13. #rder: eople and material should be in right place at the right time. Bo-*

+a-eria or.er an. (o)ia or.er are ne)e((ary. T*e 0or+er +ini+i/e( o(- -i+e an. 2(e e(( *an. in, o0 +a-eria (. T*e a--er i( a)*ie6e. -*ro2,* or,ani/a-ion an. (e e)-ion. 11. $%uity: Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates. In r2nnin, a 12(ine(( a =)o+1ina-ion o0 9in. ine(( an. :2(-i)e> i( nee.e.. Trea-in, e+5 oyee( 'e i( i+5or-an- -o a)*ie6e e<2i-y. 1$. Stability of &enure of 'ersonnel: Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies. E+5 oyee( 'or9 1e--er i0 :o1 (e)2ri-y an. )areer 5ro,re(( are a((2re. -o -*e+. An in(e)2re -en2re an. a *i,* ra-e o0 e+5 oyee -2rno6er 'i or,ani/a-ion a.6er(e y. 1?. (nitiative4 Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will e!ert high levels of effort. A o'in, a 5er(onne -o (*o' -*eir ini-ia-i6e in (o+e 'ay i( a (o2r)e o0 (-ren,-* 0or -*e or,ani/a-ion. E6en -*o2,* i- +ay 'e in6o 6e a (a)ri0i)e o0 =5er(ona 6ani-y> on -*e 5ar- o0 +any +ana,er(. 14. $sprit de Corp: romoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the a00e)- -*e

organization. Mana,e+en- +2(- 0o(-er -*e +ora e o0 i-( e+5 oyee(. He 02r-*er (2,,e(-( -*a-4 @rea -a en- i( nee.e. -o )oor.ina-e e00or-8 en)o2ra,e 9eenne((8 2(e ea)* 5er(on>( a1i i-ie(8 an. re'ar. ea)* one>( +eri- 'i-*o2- aro2(in, 5o((i1 e :ea o2(ie( an. .i(-2r1in, *ar+onio2( re a-ion(.A

HISTORICAL BACBGRO;ND OF MANAGEMENT - THE VARIO;S MANAGEMENT APPROCHES ACCORDING TO THEIR SEC;ENCE OF EVOL;TION.

E6o 2-ion o0 +o.ern +ana,e+en- 1e,an in -*e a-e nine-een-* )en-2ry8 a0-er -*e in.2(-ria re6o 2-ion. E)ono+i)8 -e)*ni)a an. )2 -2ra )*an,e( *a55ene.. One i+5or-an- *i(-ori)a e6en- 'a( -*e 521 i)a-ion o0 A.a+( S+i-* ='ea -* o0 na-ion(> in '*i)* *e ar,2e. -*e 1ene0i-( o0 .i6i(ion o0 a1o2r. T*e (e)on. 'a( -*e in.2(-ria re6o 2-ion8 '*ere i- 1e)a+e +ore e)ono+i)a -o +an20a)-2re in 0a)-orie(. Mana,er( 'ere nee.e. -o +ana,e -*e(e 0a)-orie(8 an. -*e(e +ana,er( nee.e. -*e 0or+a +ana,e+en- -*eorie( -o ,2i.e -*e+

C"ASS(CA" &)$# * i& ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY ii& SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

NEO-CLASSICAL THO;GHT +#D$ , A'' #AC) S*S&$+ &)$# * #- +A,A.$+$,&/ C#,&(.$,C* &)$# */

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