DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT

MEANING Development
-

generally refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policymakers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area. Development cannot be assessed only on the basis of expansion of material wealth or economical growth. Development also means a succession of deep social changes which should inevitably accompany the technological transformations. The concept of development is not merely quantitative. It includes qualitative features of the human groups touched by it. To grow is one thing; to develop is quite another. In more general terms, growth is easier. To develop in a balanced way is much harder. typically refers to a country with a relatively high level of economic growth and security. Some of the most common criteria for evaluating a country's degree of development are per capita income or gross domestic product (GDP), level of industrialization, general standard of living and the amount of widespread infrastructure. Increasingly other non-economic factors are included in evaluating an economy or country's degree of development, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) which reflects relative degrees of education, literacy and health. requires that all have the basic minimum necessary to live a minimally decent human life. But he has also constantly reminded the rich that development is based on the spiritual nature of the human person and that materialism and a consumer mentality stand in the way of development. (Pope John Paul II) requires a lively awareness of the value of the rights of all and of each person (Sollicitudo rei socialis) But there is only one true development: the development of man. Man as an agent for development; man as a beneficiary of development. Human brain is the producer of development. It is the life of man that will blossom through the use of products made available through development. Three ways the word development is used. DEVELOPMENT AS A VISION: a vision or description of how desirable a society is. The Visions of Development briefing explores these further. DEVELOPMENT AS A HISTORICAL PROCESS: social change that takes place over long periods of time due to inevitable processes. For example, arguments have been made that both capitalism and communism are unavoidable results of progress. DEVELOPMENT AS ACTION: deliberate efforts to change things for the better. For example, providing food aid to alleviate hunger.

Underdevelopment
-

is when resources are not used to their full socio-economic potential, with the result that local or regional development is slower in most cases than it should be. Underdeveloped nations are characterized by a wide disparity between their rich and poor populations, and an unhealthy balance of trade. Symptoms of underdevelopment include lack of access to job opportunities, health care, drinkable water, food, education and housing. Underdevelopment is a kind of uneducation. Uneducation not only of the Third World, but the whole world. To bring it to an end, people have to be educated and their community spirit has to be well developed. They have become deformed everywhere. Only a new kind of mankind will dare to think, dare to reflect and dare to take action against injustice. Only then will men be able to develop an economy truly based on human development and balance.
Sollicitudo rei socialis modern underdevelopment is not only economic but also cultural, political, and simply human There is underdevelopment because there is development.

SITUATIONS Isabela Development

1. Economy - It is the Top 10 richest province in the Philippines last 2011, being the only province of Northern Luzon to be included in the list. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. Santiago City is also the Queen City of North Luzon. 2. Industry - Tourism is relatively a new industry being developed in the province. Support services and accommodation facilities are likewise being developed. Tourism focuses mainly in the two cities Santiago City and Cauayan City and its surrounding area with the Presence of Magat Dam tourism complex and places of interest. Tourism is also being developed in the coastal areas of Palanan where white sand beaches can be found. Industrial center Cauayan City, , its investment hub Ilagan City and its Premier City Santiago City.

Underdevelopment
1. Population (with regards to premarital sex) - According to the latest Philippine Census, Isabela is the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It has a population of 1,401,495 people and comprising 45.93 percent of the 3 million people in the region. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There are 254,928 households in the province.

Over Population
Overpopulation in underdeveloped countries has previously been cited as the cause of economic poverty; however, underdevelopment may result from imperialism and exploitation of the Third World nations. Limiting

population is not the solution for underdeveloped countries since the North American population increased from 26-167 million people from 1850-1950 at which time economic growth was significantly stimulated. Instead, it is the capitalist countries that own the means and resources to develop countries that choose to exploit underdeveloped countries by exporting more than 7 billion dollars more than they send to those countries. In addition, much of the land that could be used for agricultural purposes is owned by wealthy industrialists so that the majority of food supplies are provided by 2% of the farms. Moreover, underdeveloped countries export items such as fishmeal to capitalist countries for them to use as cat food rather than feeding their own malnourished people. It seems that developed and industrialized countries undergo a decrease in population; therefore, underdeveloped countries should not be initiating birth control programs with the hope of developing economically.

STATISTIC Most Developed Provinces 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Cebu Bulacan Negros Occidental Batangas Laguna Cavite Pangasinan Nueva Ecija Rizal Isabela
10.

Masbate - 44.2%

Most Developed Countries 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Norway Australia Netherlands USA New Zealand Canada Ireland Liechtenstein Germany Sweden

Most Undeveloped Provinces

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Lanao del Sur - 68.9% Apayao - 59.8% Eastern Samar - 59.4% Maguindanao - 57.8% Zamboanga del Norte - 50.3% Davao Oriental - 48% Ifugao - 47.5% Sarangani - 46.5% Negros Oriental - 45.3%

Most Undeveloped Countries

1. Democratic Republic of the Congo 2. Liberia 3. Zimbabwe 4. Burundi 5. Eritrea 6. Central African Republic 7. Niger 8. Sierra Leone 9. Malawi 10. Togo

ROOT CAUSES OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT Dependency Theory

According to dependence theories, the cause of underdevelopment is the dependence on industrialized countries while internal factors of developing countries are considered irrelevant or seen as symptoms and consequences of dependence. The development of industrialized countries and the underdevelopment of developing countries are parts of one historical process. Developing countries are dependent countries. The economic and political interests of industrialized countries determine their development or underdevelopment. The goals are superimposed. Underdevelopment is not backwardness but intentional downward development. Political Corruption In broad terms, political corruption is when government officials use their governmental powers for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, like repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government are not considered political corruption either. Illegal acts by officeholders constitute political corruption only if the acts are directly related to their official duties. The endpoint of political corruption is a kleptocracy, literally "rule by thieves". What constitutes illegal corruption differs depending on the country or jurisdiction. Certain political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. Political Injustice Political injustice involves the violation of individual liberties, including the denial of voting rights or due process, infringements on rights to freedom of speech or religion, and inadequate protection from cruel and unusual punishment. Such injustice often stems from unfair procedures, and involves political systems in which some but not others are allowed to have voice and representation in the processes and decisions that affect them. This sort of procedural injustice can contribute to serious social problems as well as political ones. Economic Injustices Economic injustice involves the state's failure to provide individuals with basic necessities of life, such as access to adequate food and housing, and its maintenance of huge discrepancies in wealth. In the most extreme cases of misdistribution, some individuals suffer from poverty while the elite of that society live in relative luxury. Such injustice can stem from unfair hiring procedures, lack of available jobs and education, and insufficient health care. All of these conditions may lead individuals to believe that they have not received a "fair share" of the benefits and resources available in that society. Terrorism Terrorism is another cause of underdevelopment, where terrorism exists the process of development stopped. Foreign investments, trade, and exchange of goods & services which are the keys for underdeveloped states are stopped because of terrorists activities. It is violence against civilians to achieve political or ideological objectives by creating fear. Most common definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to a lone attack), and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants. Illiteracy When illiterate, one cannot read or write at all. In contrast, one who is functionally illiterate has a basic grasp of literacy (reading and writing text in his or her native language), but with a variable degree of grammatical correctness, and style. In short, when confronted with printed materials, functionally illiterate adults cannot

function effectively in modern society, and cannot adequately perform fundamental tasks such as filling out an employment application; understanding a legally-binding contract; following written instructions; reading a newspaper article; reading traffic signs; consulting a dictionary; or understanding a bus schedule. Conclusion: The reason behind the underdevelopment of underdeveloped states is the lack of determination, if people and the Government work together for the better future of their nation they can do, but problem is this who to start and where to start because the system is very weak. I believe developed states not guide properly to underdeveloped nations, developed nations take them as their competitor. Yes, underdeveloped states can be developed with the help of proper utilization of wealth, resources, and labor. The main focus of underdeveloped states should be on the education of their people, because educated people and skilled people can play the fruitful role in the development of nation.

VALUE OF NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY

Value of Nationalism/Patriotism It means love of country, a country that is undivided. The different peoples in our country, the Tagalogs, the Igorots, the Muslims, or Christians, the Visayans or the Ilocanos, and all other groups should stand in unity, sharing the same aspirations and ideals. With the present conflicts dominating the social, economic, political and moral lives of the Filipinos, reconciliation, and reconstruction of relationships among the various groups should be attempted and attained. This value makes citizens aware of their rights and duties in the community; it makes them proud of their country. The spirit of BAYANIHAN, manifested in the power that transports a whole house on the shoulders of people committed to help a neighbor in need, is revived as the necessary spirit that must bind all Filipinos together in the pursuit of this cluster. Nationalism is an imperative of authentic development. We cannot have true development unless it promotes the common good and the national interest of our people. This means expressing a preference for things Filipino. This means having faith in our own capacity to accomplish our goals. Filipinos are very nationalism because even though they are on the other countries they bring our nationality and our authentic values there. They don't forget to share our learning's here in our Country. Value of Economic Self-sufficiency Economic self-sufficiency is an aspect of independence. It means being able to support oneself and not depend on others. Economic self-sufficiency is related to other values such as initiative, productivity, self-reliance and technical know-how. It includes vocational efficiency and entrepreneurship. These are within the context of Christian values that one should develop oneself fully and utilize ones potentials to survive. Economic selfsufficiency implies hard work, work ethics, all aimed at success and personal fulfillment. Economic self-sufficiency is a responsibility; it means choosing a lifework that can sustain him through the years. It is the capability of earning a living, a hanapbuhay, although it means more than this. It also means giving and sharing ones talents and energies to improve community relations and environment. It also means improving the quality of ones life and that of others. Productive persons contribute to the economic sufficiency and security of their family and nation. Productivity is considered as the key to raising the quality of life, especially for the underprivileged in Philippine society. Self-reliance and the application of scientific knowledge as well as vocational efficiency are the values necessary for increase in production. The daring spirit of entrepreneurship is another important element for economic growth and development taking into account the availability of vast natural resources in the country. The spirituality of work should give Filipino Christians proper direction to view economic self-sufficiency and progress in scientific and technological fields as triumphs of the human race, which are not opposed to Christian faith. Rather, these are signs of Gods greatness and the accomplishment of His mysterious design which

He has entrusted to human persons from the beginning of creation. To achieve economic self-sufficiency and progress is to fulfill our vocation as co-creators.

THE CHURCH AND GOVERNMENTS RESPONSE

RESPONSE OF THE CHURCH Because of difficulty in relating it to biblical categories of thought and its negative overtones, the church related "development" with "transformation," as it can be applied in different ways to every situation. The Church is concerned that both the goals and the process of transformation should be seen in the light of the Good News about Jesus, the Messiah. The doctrine of creation speaks of the worth of every man, woman, and child, of the responsibility of human beings to look after the resources of nature (Gen. 1:26-30) and to share them equitably with their neighbors. The doctrine of the fall highlights the innate tendency of human beings to serve their own interests, with the consequences of greed, insecurity, violence, and the lust for power. "God's judgment rightly falls upon those who do such things" (Rom. 2:2). The doctrine of redemption proclaims God's forgiveness of sins and the freedom Christ gives for a way of life dedicated to serving others by telling them about the Good News of Salvation, bringing reconciliation between enemies, and losing one's life to see justice established for all exploited people. We have come to see that the goal of transformation is best described by the biblical vision of the Kingdom of God. In particular, it means striving to bring peace among individuals, races, and nations by overcoming prejudices, fears, and preconceived ideas about others. It means sharing basic recourses like food, water, the means of healing, and knowledge. It also means working for a greater participation of people in the decisions which affect their lives, making possible an equal receiving from others and giving of themselves. Finally, it means growing up into Christ in all things as a body of people dependent upon the work of the Holy Spirit and upon each other. RESPONSE OF THE GOVERNMENT Over the past two decades, the Government of the Philippines has singled out poverty reduction as one of its highest priorities. The current Medium-Term Development Plan 2004-2010 (MTDP) defines policies and programmes designed to fight poverty by building prosperity for the greatest number of Filipino people. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), the country's central planning agency, worked closely with the government on the plan's 10-point agenda. The MTDP focuses on: Macroeconomic stability, with equitable growth based on free enterprise Modernization of agriculture and fisheries, with a focus on social equity Comprehensive development that includes protection for vulnerable groups, such as women, children and the elderly Good governance and the rule of law Since agriculture plays a major role in generating incomes and employment in rural areas, development of the sector is an essential part of any programme to reduce poverty. The MTDP notes that the agricultural sector alone cannot substantially alleviate poverty in rural areas. The plan adopts more a holistic approach to reducing rural poverty through the promotion of agribusiness. The MTDP gives special emphasis to the need for vigorous support for micro, small and medium enterprises and agribusinesses, because they are the most efficient generators of jobs in terms of jobs-toinvestment ratio. A key strategy includes developing 2 million hectares of new lands for agribusiness, which is expected to generate 2 million new jobs and improve the productivity and incomes of poor Filipino farmers. The plan also aims to create 3 million microenterprises, providing them with credit, technology and marketing support. The plan gives priority to: supporting rural enterprises and cooperatives

constructing more roads connecting farmers to markets providing farmers and indigenous peoples with greater access to land, credit and technology lessening exploitation of farmers and fishers providing more strategic, effective and timely interventions and safety nets improving the quality of life of poor rural people

The government's overall strategy focuses on creating 6 to 10 million jobs, providing education for all, and reducing the incidence of poverty from 34 per cent to 17 per cent. The core poverty eradication programme is known as KALAHI, meaning "linking arms against poverty". It promotes more rapid asset reform, including agrarian reform and reforms involving ancestral domain issues. The programme works to make essential services, including clean water and health care, more accessible and more affordable. It supports income-generating activities through credit and capacity-building, and participation of poor people in decision-making. A programme goal is to provide protection and security for vulnerable poor people, including children, young people with special needs, women in difficult circumstances, people with disabilities and the elderly. -End-

GROUP II Bacani, Shaira Baldonado, Krizelle Dela Cruz, Lea Gusto, Aiv Gaye Labasan, Karen Grace Martinez, John Lery Sierra, Joseph Matthew Vicente, Nicco