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Aircraft Performance 2 - Formula Overview: Cruise Flight

The document outlines various equations that describe aircraft performance for different phases of flight such as cruise, take-off, climb, landing, and turning, as well as equations related to aircraft systems, motion, wind effects, and helicopters. It includes equations for lift, drag, thrust, power, velocity, acceleration, range, rate of climb, turn radius, hover power, and other critical performance parameters. The equations are presented for topics like jet and propeller efficiency, take-off distance, steady climb rate, minimum climb time, energy methods, and rotor solidity.

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nandhinidish
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views

Aircraft Performance 2 - Formula Overview: Cruise Flight

The document outlines various equations that describe aircraft performance for different phases of flight such as cruise, take-off, climb, landing, and turning, as well as equations related to aircraft systems, motion, wind effects, and helicopters. It includes equations for lift, drag, thrust, power, velocity, acceleration, range, rate of climb, turn radius, hover power, and other critical performance parameters. The equations are presented for topics like jet and propeller efficiency, take-off distance, steady climb rate, minimum climb time, energy methods, and rotor solidity.

Uploaded by

nandhinidish
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aircraft Performance

2 - Formula Overview
Cruise Flight
Equations of motion
W
g
dV
dt
= T D W sin (1)
W
g
V
d
dt
= L W cos (2)
Kinematics equations
ds
dt
= V cos ,
dH
dt
= V sin (3)
Eciency of jet aircrafts

tot
=
P
out
P
in
=
TV
H
F
g
=
V
c
T
g
H
(4)
Eciency of propeller aircrafts

tot
=
P
out
P
in
=
TV
H
F
g
=

p
c
p
g
H
(5)
Range
Range
R =
V
c
T
C
L
C
D
ln
_
W
0
W
1
_
=
H
g

tot
C
L
C
D
ln
_
W
0
W
1
_
(6)
Lift coecient for maximum range
C
L
=
_
1
3
C
D
0
Ae (7)
Density for maximum range at speed limit

opt
=
W
S
2
V
2
lim
1
C
L
(8)
Take-O
Equations of motion
W
g
dV
dt
= T D D
g
= T D (W L) (9)
Ground drag
D
g
= N = (W L) (10)
Mean acceleration (a at
1
2

2V
lof
)
a =
g
W
_

T

D

D
g
_
(11)
Ground phase distance
s
ground
=
1
2 a
V
2
lof
(12)
Air phase distance

scr
s
air
=
V
2
scr
V
2
lof
2g
+H
scr
(13)
Climbing Flight
Steady rate Of climb
RC
st
=
T D
W
V =
Pa Pr
W
= P
s
(14)
Kinetic correction factor
RC
st
RC
= 1 +
1
2g
d(V
2
)
dH
(15)
Energy height
E
h
= H +
1
2g
V
2
(16)
Time derivative of energy height
dE
h
dt
=
T D
W
V = P
s
(17)
Climb Time
Climb time to given height
t
climb
=
_
t
climb
0
dt =
_
H
0
1
RC
dH (18)
Climb time to given energy height
t
climb
=
_
t
climb
0
dt =
_
H
e
0
1
P
s
dH
e
(19)
1
Lift coecient for minimal climb time
C
L
=
_
3C
D
0
Ae (20)
Flight speed for minimal climb time
V =

1
C
L
W
S
, V
e
=

0
1
C
L
W
S
(21)
Landing
Energy landing equation
V
2
t
2g

_
V
2
a
2g
+H
scr
_
=
1
2
s
air
_

a
+
_
C
D
C
L
_
t
_
(22)
Break distance
s
ground
=
_
0
V
t
V dV
a
=
V
2
t
2 a
(23)
Mean acceleration
a =
g
W
_

D +

D
g
+

T
rev
_
(24)
Aircraft Systems
Air path system
E
a
= [] [] [] E
e
(25)
Moving earth system
E
e
= []
T
[]
T
[]
T
E
a
(26)
General Equations of Motion
m

V = T D W sin (27)
mV cos = Lsin (28)
mV = Lcos W cos (29)
Eects of Wind
Equations of motion
T D W sin =
W
g
_

V

V
w
cos
_
(30)
L W cos =
W
g
_
V +

V
w
sin
_
(31)
Kinematics equations

H = V sin, s = V cos V
w
(32)
Wind gradients
RC
_
1 +
V
g
dV
dH

V
g
dV
w
dH
_
= RC
st
(33)
Turning Flight
Turn radius
R =
V
2
g

n
2
1
(34)
Turn velocity
V =

1
C
L
nW
S
(35)
Turn power
P
r
= DV =

C
2
D
C
3
L
(nW)
3
S
(36)
Helicopters
Thrust
T = 2mV
i
= 2r
2
V
i
(37)
Ideal hover power
P
id
= WV
i
= W

W
2r
2
(38)
Hover power
P
hov
=
c
d
p

8
(R)
3
R
2
(39)
Rotor solidity
=
nRc
R
2
(40)
Flight power
P
p
= P
hov
_
1 +
2
_
(41)
Advance ratio
=
V cos
d
R
(42)
2

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