C++ for C programmers

Duncan Mac-Vicar P. <[email protected]> Team Lead, Ya T, !erman"

-."/
0 Object oriented syntax, with C compatibility 0 Language of choice of various projects 0 Various flavors to choose from

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1%2ec3 orien3ed C pa33erns

4evie5ing C pa33erns
#include <stdlib.h> typedef struct _Person { char *name; int age; } Person; int main() { p = (Person *) malloc(sizeof(Person)); p >age = !"; return #; }
4

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1%2ec3s
0 ,magine for a second 5e are no3 3a+6ing a%ou3 Persons, %u3 Cars 0 -e 5an3 3.e car go fas3er car->fue+f+o5++7 car->.... /

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,n3erfaces

Crea3ing an in3erface...
/* person.h */ typedef struct _Person { char *name; int age; } Person; Person * person_create(); $oid person_destro%( Person *p ); $oid person_set_name( Person *p& const char *name ); $oid person_set_age( Person *p& int age ); #endi'
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-.ic. can %e no5 used...

int main() { Person *p; p = person_create(); person_set_age(p& !#); person_destro%(p); return #; }

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-.ic. can %e no5 used...

int main() { Person *p; p = person_create(); person_set_age(p& !#); return #; }

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-.ic. can %e no5 used...

int main() { Person *p;

p = person_create(); person_set_age(p, 30);

return #; }

No knowledge about internals

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me3.ods
person_set_age(p, 30);

seems 3o %e ou3 of p+ace... 5e a+read" .ave 3.e o%2ec3 5.ere 5e 5an3 3o perform person_set_age on. 8ac3ua++", prefi9ing i3 5i3. person_ is a .ac6 3o avoid co++ision 5i3. o3.er s3ruc3ure:s me3.ods and 3o ma6e i3 reada%+e ; -." no3/<
p->set_age(30);

$$

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Des3ro"ing o%2ec3s
int main() { Person *p;

p = person_create(); person_set_age(p, 30);

return #; }

Destroy not called (expected)

$2

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Des3ro"ing o%2ec3s
int main() { Person p;

person_init(&p); person_set_age(&p, 30);

return #; }

Destroy not called (expected?)

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=ierarc.ies
>++ emp+o"ees are persons. =o5ever no3 ever" person is an emp+o"ee.
typedef struct _Person { char *name; int age; } Person; typedef struct _(mplo%ee { Person *person; int salar%; } (mplo%ee;

Employee !!!

e;

person_set_age(e, 30); person_set_age(e->person, 30);

$4

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1%2ec3 1rien3ed concep3s and C++

C+asses
class )ight { pu"lic* $oid on(); $oid o''(); $oid brighten(); $oid dim(); pri#ate* int _po+er; }; )ight light; light.on(); light._po+er = ,#;
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Composi3ion 8> .as ?;

class (ngine; class -ar { pu"lic* (ngine * engine(); pri#ate* (ngine *_engine; }; (ngine * -ar**engine() { return _engine; }

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,n.eri3ance 8 > is ? ;
class .hape { pu"lic* $oid dra+(); $oid erase(); $oid mo$e(); -olor get-olor(); $oid set-olor( -olor color ); }; class -ircle * pu"lic .hape { pu"lic* // has all Shape interface int radio(); };

.hape *a = ne$ .hape()* .hape *b = ne$ .hape(); -ircle *c = ne$ -ircle(); a c c b >dra+(); >dra+(); >radio(); >radio();

b = a; // 01 b = c; // 01 c = a; // +rong2

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1verriding func3ions
class -ircle * pu"lic .hape { // overrides Shape's #irtual dra+(); }; .hape *a; .hape *b; -ircle *c; ...
a b b c

>dra+() // Shape *, calls Shape's draw = c; >dra+() // Shape *, calls Circle's draw!! >dra+() // Circle *, callas Circle's draw

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4un3ime po+"morp.ism

2%

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More s"n3a9 af3er 3.e concep3s

Me3.ods @ in+ine me3.ods

class .hape { $oid dra+(); }; $oid .hape**dra+(); { // blah } class .hape { $oid dra+() { // blah } };

22

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3.is A
$oid -ircle**do3ice4hings(); { // the same _radio = !" this#$_radio = !" // doSomethin%( Shape * ) or // doSomethin%( Circle * ) doSomethin%(this)" }

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Cons3ruc3ors
typedef int -olor; class .hape { pu"lic* .hape(); .hape( -olor c ); pri#ate* -olor _color; }; .hape s; .hape s(,#); s.dra+(); .hape**.hape() * _color(#) { // do more st&ff here } .hape**.hape( -olor c ) * _color(c) { // more st&ff here } .hape *s = ne$ .hape(); .hape *s = ne$ .hape(,#); s >dra+();

24

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Ca++ing superc+ass cons3ruc3ors

-ircle**-ircle( -olor c& int radio ) * .hape(c)& _radio(radio)

B
// more st&ff here

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Des3ruc3ors
class .hape { pu"lic* .hape(); 5.hape(); }; .hape**5.hape() { // clean&p } .hape *s = ne$ .hape(); delete s; // destr&ctor called // plain bloc' { .hape s; // destr&ctor called }

2'

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Compi+e 3ime res3ric3ions< cons3 me3.od

class .hape { pu"lic* int color() const { return _color; } $oid set-olor( int c ) { _color = c; } pri#ate* int _color; };
2!

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Defau+3 argumen3s
class .hape { pu"lic* int color() const* $oid set-olor( int c = # /* blac6 */ ); pri#ate* int _color; }; $oid .hape**set-olor( int c ) { ... } s >set-olor(7); s >set-olor();

2"

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Temp+a3es re3.in6ing 3.e +in6ed +is3...

Temp+a3es
template <class 4> class m%pair { 4 $alues 879; pu"lic* m%pair (4 'irst& 4 second) { $alues8#9='irst; $alues8,9=second; } }; m%pair<int> m%ob:ect (,,;& !");

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Languages, 3ac6s and Drame5or6s

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boost STL stl c++

s art ptrs, t!reads "unctors, testing, algorit! s, etc strings, containers, i/o strea s

language

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!ttp#//doc$trolltec!$co / !ttp#//api$kde$org/

&D' (t stl c++

Desktop, !ardware, ,pplication,

ulti edia,

Strings, containers, i/o strea s, )*+, network, testing, scripting, signals, ipc, etc

language

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Dorge3 cons3 c.ar A

string a(<abcd e'g<); string b(<=%> i:6<); string c; cout << a << < < << b << endl; i-' cout << <.tring empt%* < << c.empt%() << endl; // .s strin% empt+/ 0es it is empt+. (1234) c = a ? b; cout << c << endl; cout << <.tring length* < << c.length() << endl; cout << <.tring si>e* < << c.si>e() << endl; cout << <.tring capacit%* < << c.capacit%() << endl; cout << <.tring empt%* < << c.empt%() << endl; // .s strin% empt+/ 6o it is 6(1 empt+. (789S4) string d = c; cout << d << endl; // (&tp&t) abcd ef% *+, // Strin% empt+) // // // // // // concatenation abcd ef%*+, i-' Strin% len%th) 5 Strin% si,e) 5 Strin% capacit+) 5 Strin% empt+) !

// abcd ef%*+, i-'

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=o5 3o compi+e
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=ome5or6 K&
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=ome5or6 KM
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T.an6s a +o3O Eues3ions/ Dan6esc.PnO Dragen/ Muc.as graciasO Pregun3as/ Goin usO "[email protected] .33p<@@opensuse.org@Ya T

(eneral )isclaimer
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