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Word Building

The document discusses suffixes that can be added to words to change their part of speech or meaning. It provides examples of noun suffixes like -er, -ee, and -ion that can be added to verbs to form nouns. It also gives examples of adjective suffixes like -able, -ive, and -al that can be added to verbs to form adjectives. Finally, it provides examples of verb suffixes like -ise/-ize and -ify that can be added to nouns and adjectives to form new verbs.

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Raluca Andreea
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260 views2 pages

Word Building

The document discusses suffixes that can be added to words to change their part of speech or meaning. It provides examples of noun suffixes like -er, -ee, and -ion that can be added to verbs to form nouns. It also gives examples of adjective suffixes like -able, -ive, and -al that can be added to verbs to form adjectives. Finally, it provides examples of verb suffixes like -ise/-ize and -ify that can be added to nouns and adjectives to form new verbs.

Uploaded by

Raluca Andreea
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Word building

Putem forma VERBE din substantive si adjective adaugand sufixele: -ate, -en, -ise/-ize
Noun Suffixes

-er added to a verb is used for the person who does an activity: writer, worker, singer,... (sometimes -or, as in actor, sailor, supervisor,...) -er/-or are also used for things which do a particular job: tin-opener, projector, ... -er and -ee can contrast with each other, meaning "person who does something" ( -er) and "person who receives or e periences the action" (-ee): employer/employee, ... -(t)ion is used to make nouns from verbs: communication, pollution, admission, ... -ist (person) and -ism (activity or ideology): marxist/Marxism, terrorist/terrorism, ... -ist is also used for people who play musical instruments: pianist, violinist, ... -al is added to some verbs to make nouns: arrival, refusal, ... -ness is used to make abstract nouns from adjectives: happiness, goodness, weakness, ... -ment is used to make abstract nouns from verbs: excitement, enjoyment, ... -hood is used to make abstract nouns, especially family terms, from nouns: childhood, brotherhood, ... -ship is used to make abstract nouns, especially status, from nouns: friendship, membership, partnership, ... -(i)ty is used to make abstract nouns from adjectives: honesty, loyalty, ...

Putem forma !B "#$"%VE adaugand sufixele: -ence, -ion, -it&, -ism, -ilit&, -ness, -ment Putem adaugand forma #'(E)"%VE sufixele: -able, -ive, -al, -ic, -ed, -ing, -ible
Putem forma #'VERBE adaugand sufixele: -l&, -all&

Adjective Suffixes

-able/-ible with verbs means "can be done": readable, countable, edible, flexible, ... -ive is used to make adjectives from verbs: active, passive, ... -al is used to make adjectives from nouns: brutal, legal, ... -ous is used to make adjectives from nouns: dangerous, furious, ... -ful is used to make adjectives from nouns or verbs: hopeful, useful, forgetful, ... -less is used to make adjectives from nouns or verbs: useless, harmless, cloudless, ... -ic/-ical is used to make adjectives with nouns: economic/economical, ... -ish can be added to most common adjectives, ages and times to make them less precise: reddish hair, she's thirtyish, come about eightish, ...
Verb Suffixes

-ise/-ize makes verbs from adjectives: modernise, industrialise, ... -ify makes verbs from nouns: electrify, terrify, ... -en makes verbs from adjectives: shorten, deepen, darken,

refixes are often used to give adjectives a negative meaning. !he most common adjective prefi es areun-, in- and dis-: uncomfortable, inconvenient, dissimilar, ... in- becomes im- before a root beginning with "m" or "p" (immature, impatient), ir- before a word beginning with "r" (irregular) and il- before a word beginning with "l" (illegal, illiterate). in- does not always have a negative meaning# it often gives the idea of inside or into: internal, import, ... un- and dis- can also form the opposites of verbs: appear/disappear, load/unload, ...

$ther common prefi es are:

anti auto bi ex micro mini mis mono

against

multi-lingual, multi-purpose overdo, ovetired, of or by oneself autograph, autobiography over too much oversleep two, twice bicycle, bilingual post after postwar, postgraduate former ex-wife, ex-president pre before pre-listening out of extract, exhale pro in favour of pro-government small microwave pseudo false pseudo-intellectual small minu-skirt re again % back retype, reread misunderstand, semi-detached, badly%wrongly semi half misbehave semicircular one%single monologue, monotonous sub under subway, submarine under not enough underpaid, undercooked

anti-war, antisocial

multi

many

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