Orthographic Projection Lesson Revised

Technological Design
Mr. Wadowski
Orthographic & Isometric Drawing Lesson
TOPICS
Working Drawings, Isometric Drawings & Orthographic Drawings Glass box concept Multiview projection Orthographic projection of point, line, plane, surface and object. Line convention (The
meaning of lines in Orthographic Drawings)
TOPICS (continued)
Working Drawings Scaled Drawings Dimensioning Drawing with a Miter Line
Practice Worksheets
Working Drawings
The final stage of illustrating your solution is to prepare a set of technical illustrations called Working Drawings. This set of drawings contains all the information needed to build the product.
Orthographic Drawings
Used to show details of the front, top and right side views
Uses 3 views
Used to provide dimensions and special shapes by using different line types. For example object, hidden, and center lines. Draw the front first, top second, and right side last Space the views out equally at 40 mm A miter line is used to project details of the object from the top view to the right side view without measuring. Drawn at 45 degrees.
ISOMETRIC Drawings
Three dimensional (3d) You can see how all three views fit together
All horizontal lines are angled at 30 degrees and vertical lines remain vertical
Hidden lines and dimensioning are not shown on Isometric drawings
Orthographic and Isometric
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Three principle dimensions of an object can be presented only two in each view. Adjacent view(s) is needed to fulfill the size description.
Height
Height
Width
Depth
Depth
Width
Depth
TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT

1. Revolve the object with respect
to observer.
2. The observer moves around the object.
REVOLVE THE OBJECT
Top view
Front view
Right side view
OBSERVER MOVE AROUND

Top view
Front view
Right side view
THE GLASS BOX CONCEPT
Rear view
Left side view
Bottom view
History
Depth
Width Height
Orthographic Projection of Object Features
OBJECT FEATURES
Edges are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces. Corners Represent the intersection of two or
more edges.
Edge
Edge
No edge
Corner
No corner
No corner
OBJECT FEATURES
Surfaces are areas that are bounded by edges
or limiting element. Limiting element is a line that represents the last visible
part of the curve surface.

Surface Surface
Surface
Limit
Limit
PROJECTION OF LINE
True length
BT
AT
BT
Equal length
AT
B
A AF BF AR
BR
AF BF AR BR
Point
True length
NORMAL LINE
PROJECTION OF LINE
True length
BT AT
BT
Equal length
AT
A AF
BF
B A
AR
BR
AF BF AR BR
Foreshortened Foreshortened
INCLINED LINE
PROJECTION OF LINE
Foreshortened
BT AT B BF
BT BR
AT
Equal length
BF BR
A
AF
B A
AR AF AR
Foreshortened
Foreshortened
OBLIQUED LINE
PROJECTION OF PLANE
True size
BT AT BT AT CT
CT
Equal length
C
B BF
AF,CF A
CR AR,BR BF AF,CF AR,BR CR
Edge
Edge
NORMAL PLANE
PROJECTION OF PLANE
Foreshortened
BT AT CT
CT
C CR BT CF AT
Equal length
CF
B BF
AF A
C
CR
AR,BR
Foreshortened
Edge
BF
AF
AR,BR
INCLINED PLANE
PROJECTION OF OBJECT
The views are obtained by projecting all object features to the picture plane.
You have to project the remaining surfaces which are invisible too !
PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW
PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW
PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW
Line Convention
The meaning of lines
LINE CONVENTION
The meaning of lines Precedence of coincide lines
Hidden line drawing Center line drawing
THE MEANING OF LINES

Object Lines

Hidden Lines

Center Lines
Thin lines made up

Dimension Lines

Extension Lines
PRECEDENCE OF LINE
Order of importance Visible line Hidden line Center line
OTHER ARCHITECTURAL LINES

Hidden Lines
ARCHITECTURAL LINES
Other Lines
OBJECT and HIDDEN LINE EXAMPLE
OBJECT, HIDDEN and CENTER LINE EXAMPLE
Draw front view first
Draw top view second
Draw right side view last
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

Hidden line should join a visible line, except it extended from the visible line.
Leave space
Correct
Join
No !

Hidden line should join a visible line, except it extended from the visible line.
Leave space Leave space
Correct
No !

Hidden line should intersect to form L and T corners.
Correct
No !

Hidden arcs should start on a center line.
CENTER LINE PRACTICE

In circular view, short dash should cross at the intersections of center line. For small hole, center line is presented as thin continuous line.
Center line should not extend between views.
Leave space
Leave space
CENTER LINE PRACTICE

Leave the gap when centerline forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line Center line should always start and end with
long dash.
Leave space Leave space Leave space Leave space
DRAWING USING A MITER LINE
SCALED DRAWINGS
Objects must be scaled to fit onto a piece of drawing paper They are exact in every detail but reduced or enlarged in size in direct proportion to the actual object Scale 1:1 1 mm on drawing paper = represents 1mm of the actual object
SCALED DRAWINGS
Many objects are too large to be drawn to their full size. For example an airplane and house.
Divide /
SCALED DRAWINGS
Often it is necessary to produce drawings larger than full size Details of small objects are clearer and easier to dimension when they are drawn larger then their actual size
Multiply X
TITLE BLOCK
A title block is a portion of a drawing that is set aside to give important information about the drawing. The drafter, the scale, the units, and your name You must frame your drawing to make it look professional. Draw a 1 cm border and a 1 cm high area for your title block A title block template can be found on the shared drive. Ask your teacher.
TITLE BLOCK TEMPLATE
DIMENSIONING DRAWINGS
Ask your teacher for a list of dimensioning Rules Dimensioning lines must follow these rules
THE STAGE IS SET FOR YOU TO BECOME AN EXPERT TECHNICAL DRAWER

Practice drawing worksheets can be found on the shared drive

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Technological Design

Orthographic & Isometric Drawing Lesson

Orthographic and Isometric

TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT

REVOLVE THE OBJECT

Right side view

OBSERVER MOVE AROUND

Right side view

THE GLASS BOX CONCEPT

Left side view

Orthographic Projection of Object Features

part of the curve surface.

CR AR,BR BF AF,CF AR,BR CR

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF TOP VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF FRONT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

PROJECTION OF RIGHT VIEW

Hidden line drawing Center line drawing

THE MEANING OF LINES

THE MEANING OF LINES

THE MEANING OF LINES

THE MEANING OF LINES

THE MEANING OF LINES

OTHER ARCHITECTURAL LINES

OBJECT and HIDDEN LINE EXAMPLE

OBJECT, HIDDEN and CENTER LINE EXAMPLE

Draw front view first

OBJECT, HIDDEN and CENTER LINE EXAMPLE

Draw top view second

OBJECT, HIDDEN and CENTER LINE EXAMPLE

Draw right side view last

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE