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Flow measurement can be done in several ways, but positive displacement meters accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and count the number of times the volume is filled to determine flow rate. Other methods rely on forces produced by flowing fluid overcoming a known constriction. Optical flow meters use light scattered by particles in fluid passing between two laser beams to calculate velocity and thus flow rate, providing accurate measurements even in challenging environments. They have no moving parts and require only a single installation point.

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348 views2 pages

Content Beyond Syllabus

Flow measurement can be done in several ways, but positive displacement meters accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and count the number of times the volume is filled to determine flow rate. Other methods rely on forces produced by flowing fluid overcoming a known constriction. Optical flow meters use light scattered by particles in fluid passing between two laser beams to calculate velocity and thus flow rate, providing accurate measurements even in challenging environments. They have no moving parts and require only a single installation point.

Uploaded by

nmanojkumar_17
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS Flow measurement

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways. Positive-displacement flow meters accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Other flow measurement methods rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area.

echanical flow meters


! bucket and a stopwatch is an analogy for the operation of a positive displacement meter "he stopwatch is started when the flow starts, and stopped when the bucket reaches its limit. "he volume divided by the time gives the flow rate. For continuous measurements, we need a system of continually filling and emptying buckets to divide the flow without letting it out of the pipe. "hese continuously forming and collapsing volumetric displacements may take the form of pistons reciprocating in cylinders, gear teeth mating against the internal wall of a meter or through a progressive cavity created by rotating oval gears or a helical screw.

Optical flow meters[edit


Optical flow meters use light to determine flow rate. #mall particles which accompany natural and industrial gases pass through two laser beams focused a short distance apart in the flow path. in a pipe by illuminating optics. $aser light is scattered when a particle crosses the first beam. "he detecting optics collects scattered light on a photodetector, which then generates a pulse signal. !s the same particle crosses the second beam, the detecting optics collect scattered light on a second photodetector, which converts the incoming light into a second electrical pulse. %y measuring the time interval between these pulses, the gas velocity is calculated as and is the time interval. where is the distance between the laser beams

$aser-based optical flow meters measure the actual speed of particles, a property which is not dependent on thermal conductivity of gases, variations in gas flow or composition of gases. "he operating principle enables optical laser technology to deliver highly accurate flow data, even in challenging environments which may include high temperature, low flow rates, high pressure, high humidity, pipe vibration and acoustic noise. Optical flow meters are very stable with no moving parts and deliver a highly repeatable measurement over the life of the product. %ecause distance between the two laser sheets does not change, optical flow meters do not require periodic calibration after their initial commissioning. Optical flow meters require only one installation point, instead of the two installation points typically required by other types of meters. ! single installation point is simpler, requires less maintenance and is less prone to errors.

&ommercially available optical flow meters are capable of measuring flow from '.( m)s to faster than ('' m)s *('''+( turn down ratio, and have been demonstrated to be effective for the measurement of flare gases from oil wells and refineries, a contributor to atmospheric pollution.

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