1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

1.1 INTRODUCTION Systems are created to solve pro lems. O!e ca! t"#!$ o% t"e systems approac" as a! or&a!#'ed (ay o% deal#!& (#t" a pro lem. I! t"#s dy!am#c (orld) t"e s* +ect System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! ,SAD-) ma#!ly deals (#t" t"e so%t(are developme!t act#v#t#es. 1.. O/0ECTI1ES A%ter &o#!& t"ro*&" t"#s lesso!) yo* s"o*ld e a le to l de%#!e a system l e2pla#! t"e d#%%ere!t p"ases o% system developme!t l#%e cycle l e!*merate t"e compo!e!ts o% system a!alys#s l e2pla#! t"e compo!e!ts o% system des#&!#!& 1.3 DE4INING A SYSTEM A collect#o! o% compo!e!ts t"at (or$ to&et"er to real#'e some o +ect#ves %orms a system. /as#cally t"ere are t"ree ma+or compo!e!ts #! every system) !amely #!p*t) process#!& a!d o*tp*t.
4#&. 1.15 /as#c System Compo!e!ts I!p*t O*tp*t 6rocess#!& . 55 Comp*ter Appl#cat#o!s

I! a system t"e d#%%ere!t compo!e!ts are co!!ected (#t" eac" ot"er a!d t"ey are #!terdepe!de!t. 4or e2ample) "*ma! ody represe!ts a complete !at*ral system. 7e are also o*!d y ma!y !at#o!al systems s*c" as pol#t#cal system) eco!om#c system) ed*cat#o!al system a!d so %ort". T"e o +ect#ve o% t"e system dema!ds t"at some o*tp*t #s prod*ced as a res*lt o% process#!& t"e s*#ta le #!p*ts. A (ell8des#&!ed system also #!cl*des a! add#t#o!al eleme!t re%erred to as 9co!trol: t"at prov#des a %eed ac$ to ac"#eve des#red o +ect#ves o% t"e system. 1.; SYSTEM LI4E CYCLE System l#%e cycle #s a! or&a!#'at#o!al process o% develop#!& a!d ma#!ta#!#!& systems. It "elps #! esta l#s"#!& a system pro+ect pla!) eca*se #t &#ves overall l#st o% processes a!d s* 8processes re<*#red %or develop#!& a system. System developme!t l#%e cycle mea!s com #!at#o! o% var#o*s act#v#t#es. I! ot"er (ords (e ca! say t"at var#o*s act#v#t#es p*t to&et"er are re%erred as system developme!t l#%e cycle. I! t"e System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! term#!olo&y) t"e system developme!t l#%e cycle also mea!s so%t(are developme!t l#%e cycle. 4ollo(#!& are t"e d#%%ere!t p"ases o% system developme!t l#%e cycle5 l 6rel#m#!ary st*dy l 4eas# #l#ty st*dy

Deta#led system st*dy System a!alys#s System des#&! Cod#!& Test#!& Impleme!tat#o! Ma#!te!a!ce T"e d#%%ere!t p"ases o% system developme!t l#%e cycle #s s"o(! #! 4#&. 1.. elo(.
l l l l l l l 4#&. 1..5 6"ases o% System Developme!t L#%e Cycle System St*dy 4eas# #l#ty St*dy System A!alys#s System Des#&! Ma#!te!a!ce Impleme!tat#o! Test#!& So%t(are Developme!t L#%e Cycle Cod#!& I!trod*ct#o! to System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! 55 3

INTE=T >UESTIONS 1. 7r#te Tr*e or 4alse %or t"e %ollo(#!& stateme!ts. ,a- A collect#o! o% compo!e!ts t"at (or$ to&et"er to real#'e some o +ect#ves %orms a system. , - System l#%e cycle #s !ot a! or&a!#'at#o!al process o% develop#!& a!d ma#!ta#!#!& a system. ,c- I! t"e system a!alys#s a!d des#&! term#!olo&y t"e system developme!t l#%e cycle mea!s so%t(are developme!t l#%e cycle. ,d- Cod#!& #s !ot a step #! system developme!t l#%e cycle. ,e- System a!alys#s a!d system des#&! are t"e same p"ase o% system developme!t l#%e cycle. 1.? 6@ASES O4 SYSTEM DE1ELO6MENT LI4E CYCLE Let *s !o( descr# e t"e d#%%ere!t p"ases a!d related act#v#t#es o% system developme!t l#%e cycle. ,a- 6rel#m#!ary System St*dy 6rel#m#!ary system st*dy #s t"e %#rst sta&e o% system developme!t l#%e cycle. T"#s #s a r#e% #!vest#&at#o! o% t"e system *!der co!s#derat#o! a!d &#ves a clear p#ct*re o% ("at act*ally t"e p"ys#cal system #sA I! pract#ce) t"e #!#t#al system st*dy #!volves t"e preparat#o! o% a 9System 6roposal: ("#c" l#sts t"e 6ro lem De%#!#t#o!) O +ect#ves o% t"e St*dy) Terms o% re%ere!ce %or St*dy) Co!stra#!ts) E2pected e!e%#ts o% t"e !e( system) etc. #! t"e l#&"t o% t"e *ser re<*#reme!ts. T"e system proposal #s prepared y t"e System A!alyst ,("o st*d#es t"e system- a!d places #t e%ore t"e *ser ma!a&eme!t. T"e ma!a&eme!t may accept t"e proposal a!d t"e cycle proceeds to t"e !e2t sta&e. T"e ma!a&eme!t may also re+ect t"e proposal or re<*est

some mod#%#cat#o!s #! t"e proposal. I! s*mmary) (e (o*ld say t"at system st*dy p"ase passes t"ro*&" t"e %ollo(#!& steps5 l pro lem #de!t#%#cat#o! a!d pro+ect #!#t#at#o! l ac$&ro*!d a!alys#s l #!%ere!ce or %#!d#!&s ,system proposal, - 4eas# #l#ty St*dy I! case t"e system proposal #s accepta le to t"e ma!a&eme!t) t"e
; 55 Comp*ter Appl#cat#o!s

!e2t p"ase #s to e2am#!e t"e %eas# #l#ty o% t"e system. T"e %eas# #l#ty st*dy #s as#cally t"e test o% t"e proposed system #! t"e l#&"t o% #ts (or$a #l#ty) meet#!& *ser:s re<*#reme!ts) e%%ect#ve *se o% reso*rces a!d o% co*rse) t"e cost e%%ect#ve!ess. T"ese are cate&or#'ed as tec"!#cal) operat#o!al) eco!om#c a!d sc"ed*le %eas# #l#ty. T"e ma#! &oal o% %eas# #l#ty st*dy #s !ot to solve t"e pro lem *t to ac"#eve t"e scope. I! t"e process o% %eas# #l#ty st*dy) t"e cost a!d e!e%#ts are est#mated (#t" &reater acc*racy to %#!d t"e Ret*r! o! I!vestme!t ,ROI-. T"#s also de%#!es t"e reso*rces !eeded to complete t"e deta#led #!vest#&at#o!. T"e res*lt #s a %eas# #l#ty report s* m#tted to t"e ma!a&eme!t. T"#s may e accepted or accepted (#t" mod#%#cat#o!s or re+ected. T"e system cycle proceeds o!ly #% t"e ma!a&eme!t accepts #t. ,c- Deta#led System St*dy T"e deta#led #!vest#&at#o! o% t"e system #s carr#ed o*t #! accorda!ce (#t" t"e o +ect#ves o% t"e proposed system. T"#s #!volves deta#led st*dy o% var#o*s operat#o!s per%ormed y a system a!d t"e#r relat#o!s"#ps (#t"#! a!d o*ts#de t"e system. D*r#!& t"#s process) data are collected o! t"e ava#la le %#les) dec#s#o! po#!ts a!d tra!sact#o!s "a!dled y t"e prese!t system. I!terv#e(s) o!8s#te o servat#o! a!d <*est#o!!a#re are t"e tools *sed %or deta#led system st*dy. Us#!& t"e %ollo(#!& steps #t ecomes easy to dra( t"e e2act o*!dary o% t"e !e( system *!der co!s#derat#o!5 l Beep#!& #! v#e( t"e pro lems a!d !e( re<*#reme!ts l 7or$o*t t"e pros a!d co!s #!cl*d#!& !e( areas o% t"e system All t"e data a!d t"e %#!d#!&s m*st e doc*me!ted #! t"e %orm o% deta#led data %lo( d#a&rams ,D4Ds-) data d#ct#o!ary) lo&#cal data str*ct*res a!d m#!#at*re spec#%#cat#o!. T"e ma#! po#!ts to e d#sc*ssed #! t"#s sta&e are5 l Spec#%#cat#o! o% ("at t"e !e( system #s to accompl#s" ased o! t"e *ser re<*#reme!ts. l 4*!ct#o!al "#erarc"y s"o(#!& t"e %*!ct#o!s to e per%ormed y t"e !e( system a!d t"e#r relat#o!s"#p (#t" eac" ot"er. l 4*!ct#o!al !et(or$) ("#c" are s#m#lar to %*!ct#o! "#erarc"y *t t"ey "#&"l#&"t t"e %*!ct#o!s ("#c" are commo! to more t"a! o!e proced*re. l L#st o% attr# *tes o% t"e e!t#t#es C t"ese are t"e data #tems ("#c" !eed to e "eld a o*t eac" e!t#ty ,record-

I!trod*ct#o! to System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! 55 ?

,d- System A!alys#s Systems a!alys#s #s a process o% collect#!& %act*al data) *!dersta!d t"e processes #!volved) #de!t#%y#!& pro lems a!d recomme!d#!& %eas# le s*&&est#o!s %or #mprov#!& t"e system %*!ct#o!#!&. T"#s #!volves st*dy#!& t"e *s#!ess processes) &at"er#!& operat#o!al data) *!dersta!d t"e #!%ormat#o! %lo() %#!d#!& o*t ottle!ec$s a!d evolv#!& sol*t#o!s %or overcom#!& t"e (ea$!esses o% t"e system so as to ac"#eve t"e or&a!#'at#o!al &oals. System A!alys#s also #!cl*des s* d#v#d#!& o% comple2 process #!volv#!& t"e e!t#re system) #de!t#%#cat#o! o% data store a!d ma!*al processes. T"e ma+or o +ect#ves o% systems a!alys#s are to %#!d a!s(ers %or eac" *s#!ess process5 7"at #s e#!& do!e) @o( #s #t e#!& do!e) 7"o #s do#!& #t) 7"e! #s "e do#!& #t) 7"y #s #t e#!& do!e a!d @o( ca! #t e #mprovedA It #s more o% a t"#!$#!& process a!d #!volves t"e creat#ve s$#lls o% t"e System A!alyst. It attempts to &#ve #rt" to a !e( e%%#c#e!t system t"at sat#s%#es t"e c*rre!t !eeds o% t"e *ser a!d "as scope %or %*t*re &ro(t" (#t"#! t"e or&a!#'at#o!al co!stra#!ts. T"e res*lt o% t"#s process #s a lo&#cal system des#&!. Systems a!alys#s #s a! #terat#ve process t"at co!t#!*es *!t#l a pre%erred a!d accepta le sol*t#o! emer&es. ,e- System Des#&! /ased o! t"e *ser re<*#reme!ts a!d t"e deta#led a!alys#s o% t"e e2#st#!& system) t"e !e( system m*st e des#&!ed. T"#s #s t"e p"ase o% system des#&!#!&. It #s t"e most cr*c#al p"ase #! t"e developme!ts o% a system. T"e lo&#cal system des#&! arr#ved at as a res*lt o% systems a!alys#s #s co!verted #!to p"ys#cal system des#&!. Normally) t"e des#&! proceeds #! t(o sta&es5 l 6rel#m#!ary or Ge!eral Des#&! l Str*ct*red or Deta#led Des#&! 6rel#m#!ary or Ge!eral Des#&!5 I! t"e prel#m#!ary or &e!eral des#&!) t"e %eat*res o% t"e !e( system are spec#%#ed. T"e costs o% #mpleme!t#!& t"ese %eat*res a!d t"e e!e%#ts to e der#ved are est#mated. I% t"e pro+ect #s st#ll co!s#dered to e %eas# le) (e move to t"e deta#led des#&! sta&e. Str*ct*red or Deta#led Des#&!5 I! t"e deta#led des#&! sta&e) comp*ter or#e!ted (or$ e&#!s #! ear!est. At t"#s sta&e) t"e des#&! o% t"e system ecomes more str*ct*red. Str*ct*re des#&! #s a l*e pr#!t o% a comp*ter system sol*t#o! to a &#ve! pro lem "av#!& t"e
D 55 Comp*ter Appl#cat#o!s

same compo!e!ts a!d #!ter8relat#o!s"#ps amo!& t"e same compo!e!ts as t"e or#&#!al pro lem. I!p*t) o*tp*t) data ases) %orms) cod#%#cat#o! sc"emes a!d process#!& spec#%#cat#o!s are dra(! *p #! deta#l. I! t"e des#&! sta&e) t"e pro&ramm#!& la!&*a&e a!d t"e "ard(are a!d so%t(are plat%orm #! ("#c" t"e !e( system (#ll r*! are also dec#ded.

T"ere are several tools a!d tec"!#<*es *sed %or descr# #!& t"e system des#&! o% t"e system. T"ese tools a!d tec"!#<*es are5 l 4lo(c"art l Data %lo( d#a&ram ,D4Dl Data d#ct#o!ary l Str*ct*red E!&l#s" l Dec#s#o! ta le l Dec#s#o! tree Eac" o% t"e a ove tools %or des#&!#!& (#ll e d#sc*ssed #! deta#led #! t"e !e2t lesso!. T"e system des#&! #!volves5 #. De%#!#!& prec#sely t"e re<*#red system o*tp*t ##. Determ#!#!& t"e data re<*#reme!t %or prod*c#!& t"e o*tp*t ###. Determ#!#!& t"e med#*m a!d %ormat o% %#les a!d data ases #v. Dev#s#!& process#!& met"ods a!d *se o% so%t(are to prod*ce o*tp*t v. Determ#!e t"e met"ods o% data capt*re a!d data #!p*t v#. Des#&!#!& I!p*t %orms v##. Des#&!#!& Cod#%#cat#o! Sc"emes v###. Deta#led ma!*al proced*res #2. Doc*me!t#!& t"e Des#&! ,%- Cod#!& T"e system des#&! !eeds to e #mpleme!ted to ma$e #t a (or$a le system. T"#s dema!ds t"e cod#!& o% des#&! #!to comp*ter *!dersta!da le la!&*a&e) #.e.) pro&ramm#!& la!&*a&e. T"#s #s also called t"e pro&ramm#!& p"ase #! ("#c" t"e pro&rammer co!verts t"e proI!trod*ct#o!
to System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! 55 E

&ram spec#%#cat#o!s #!to comp*ter #!str*ct#o!s) ("#c" (e re%er to as pro&rams. It #s a! #mporta!t sta&e ("ere t"e de%#!ed proced*res are tra!s%ormed #!to co!trol spec#%#cat#o!s y t"e "elp o% a comp*ter la!&*a&e. T"e pro&rams coord#!ate t"e data moveme!ts a!d co!trol t"e e!t#re process #! a system. It #s &e!erally %elt t"at t"e pro&rams m*st e mod*lar #! !at*re. T"#s "elps #! %ast developme!t) ma#!te!a!ce a!d %*t*re c"a!&es) #% re<*#red. ,&- Test#!& /e%ore act*ally #mpleme!t#!& t"e !e( system #!to operat#o!) a test r*! o% t"e system #s do!e %or remov#!& t"e *&s) #% a!y. It #s a! #mporta!t p"ase o% a s*ccess%*l system. A%ter cod#%y#!& t"e ("ole pro&rams o% t"e system) a test pla! s"o*ld e developed a!d r*! o! a &#ve! set o% test data. T"e o*tp*t o% t"e test r*! s"o*ld matc" t"e e2pected res*lts. Somet#mes) system test#!& #s co!s#dered a part o% #mpleme!tat#o! process. Us#!& t"e test data %ollo(#!& test r*! are carr#ed o*t5 l 6ro&ram test l System test

6ro&ram test5 7"e! t"e pro&rams "ave ee! coded) comp#led a!d ro*&"t to (or$#!& co!d#t#o!s) t"ey m*st e #!d#v#d*ally tested (#t" t"e prepared test data. A!y *!des#ra le "appe!#!& m*st e !oted a!d de *&&ed ,error correct#o!sSystem Test5 A%ter carry#!& o*t t"e pro&ram test %or eac" o% t"e pro&rams o% t"e system a!d errors removed) t"e! system test #s do!e. At t"#s sta&e t"e test #s do!e o! act*al data. T"e complete system #s e2ec*ted o! t"e act*al data. At eac" sta&e o% t"e e2ec*t#o!) t"e res*lts or o*tp*t o% t"e system #s a!alysed. D*r#!& t"e res*lt a!alys#s) #t may e %o*!d t"at t"e o*tp*ts are !ot matc"#!& t"e e2pected o*tp*t o% t"e system. I! s*c" case) t"e errors #! t"e part#c*lar pro&rams are #de!t#%#ed a!d are %#2ed a!d %*rt"er tested %or t"e e2pected o*tp*t. 7"e! #t #s e!s*red t"at t"e system #s r*!!#!& error8%ree) t"e *sers are called (#t" t"e#r o(! act*al data so t"at t"e system co*ld e s"o(! r*!!#!& as per t"e#r re<*#reme!ts. ,"- Impleme!tat#o! A%ter "av#!& t"e *ser accepta!ce o% t"e !e( system developed) t"e
F 55 Comp*ter Appl#cat#o!s

#mpleme!tat#o! p"ase e&#!s. Impleme!tat#o! #s t"e sta&e o% a pro+ect d*r#!& ("#c" t"eory #s t*r!ed #!to pract#ce. T"e ma+or steps #!volved #! t"#s p"ase are5 l Ac<*#s#t#o! a!d I!stallat#o! o% @ard(are a!d So%t(are l Co!vers#o! l User Tra#!#!& l Doc*me!tat#o! T"e "ard(are a!d t"e releva!t so%t(are re<*#red %or r*!!#!& t"e system m*st e made %*lly operat#o!al e%ore #mpleme!tat#o!. T"e co!vers#o! #s also o!e o% t"e most cr#t#cal a!d e2pe!s#ve act#v#t#es #! t"e system developme!t l#%e cycle. T"e data %rom t"e old system !eeds to e co!verted to operate #! t"e !e( %ormat o% t"e !e( system. T"e data ase !eeds to e set*p (#t" sec*r#ty a!d recovery proced*res %*lly de%#!ed. D*r#!& t"#s p"ase) all t"e pro&rams o% t"e system are loaded o!to t"e *ser:s comp*ter. A%ter load#!& t"e system) tra#!#!& o% t"e *ser starts. Ma#! top#cs o% s*c" type o% tra#!#!& are5 l @o( to e2ec*te t"e pac$a&e l @o( to e!ter t"e data l @o( to process t"e data ,process#!& deta#lsl @o( to ta$e o*t t"e reports A%ter t"e *sers are tra#!ed a o*t t"e comp*ter#'ed system) (or$#!& "as to s"#%t %rom ma!*al to comp*ter#'ed (or$#!&. T"e process #s called 9C"a!&eover:. T"e %ollo(#!& strate&#es are %ollo(ed %or c"a!&eover o% t"e system. ,#- D#rect C"a!&eover5 T"#s #s t"e complete replaceme!t o% t"e old system y t"e !e( system. It #s a r#s$y approac" a!d re<*#res

compre"e!s#ve system test#!& a!d tra#!#!&. ,##- 6arallel r*!5 I! parallel r*! ot" t"e systems) #.e.) comp*ter#'ed a!d ma!*al) are e2ec*ted s#m*lta!eo*sly %or certa#! de%#!ed per#od. T"e same data #s processed y ot" t"e systems. T"#s strate&y #s less r#s$y *t more e2pe!s#ve eca*se o% t"e %ollo(#!&5 l Ma!*al res*lts ca! e compared (#t" t"e res*lts o% t"e comp*ter#'ed system.
I!trod*ct#o! to System A!alys#s a!d Des#&! 55 G l T"e operat#o!al (or$ #s do* led. l 4a#l*re o% t"e comp*ter#'ed system at t"e

early sta&e does !ot a%%ect t"e (or$#!& o% t"e or&a!#'at#o!) eca*se t"e ma!*al system co!t#!*es to (or$) as #t *sed to do. ,###- 6#lot r*!5 I! t"#s type o% r*!) t"e !e( system #s r*! (#t" t"e data %rom o!e or more o% t"e prev#o*s per#ods %or t"e ("ole or part o% t"e system. T"e res*lts are compared (#t" t"e old system res*lts. It #s less e2pe!s#ve a!d r#s$y t"a! parallel r*! approac". T"#s strate&y *#lds t"e co!%#de!ce a!d t"e errors are traced eas#ly (#t"o*t a%%ect#!& t"e operat#o!s. T"e doc*me!tat#o! o% t"e system #s also o!e o% t"e most #mporta!t act#v#ty #! t"e system developme!t l#%e cycle. T"#s e!s*res t"e co!t#!*#ty o% t"e system. T"ere are &e!erally t(o types o% doc*me!tat#o! prepared %or a!y system. T"ese are5 l User or Operator Doc*me!tat#o! l System Doc*me!tat#o! T"e *ser doc*me!tat#o! #s a complete descr#pt#o! o% t"e system %rom t"e *sers po#!t o% v#e( deta#l#!& "o( to *se or operate t"e system. It also #!cl*des t"e ma+or error messa&es l#$ely to e e!co*!tered y t"e *sers. T"e system doc*me!tat#o! co!ta#!s t"e deta#ls o% system des#&!) pro&rams) t"e#r cod#!&) system %lo() data d#ct#o!ary) process descr#pt#o!) etc. T"#s "elps to *!dersta!d t"e system a!d perm#t c"a!&es to e made #! t"e e2#st#!& system to sat#s%y !e( *ser !eeds. ,#- Ma#!te!a!ce Ma#!te!a!ce #s !ecessary to el#m#!ate errors #! t"e system d*r#!& #ts (or$#!& l#%e a!d to t*!e t"e system to a!y var#at#o!s #! #ts (or$#!& e!v#ro!me!ts. It "as ee! see! t"at t"ere are al(ays some errors %o*!d #! t"e systems t"at m*st e !oted a!d corrected. It also mea!s t"e rev#e( o% t"e system %rom t#me to t#me. T"e rev#e( o% t"e system #s do!e %or5 l $!o(#!& t"e %*ll capa #l#t#es o% t"e system l $!o(#!& t"e re<*#red c"a!&es or t"e add#t#o!al re<*#reme!ts l st*dy#!& t"e per%orma!ce. I% a ma+or c"a!&e to a system #s !eeded) a !e( pro+ect may "ave to e set *p to carry o*t t"e c"a!&e. T"e !e( pro+ect (#ll t"e! proceed t"ro*&" all t"e a ove l#%e cycle p"ases.
1H 55 Comp*ter Appl#cat#o!s

INTE=T >UESTIONS .. 4#ll #! t"e la!$s. ,a- System st*dy #s t"e IIIIIIIIIIIII sta&e o% system developme!t l#%e cycle. , - A!alys#s #!volves a IIIIIIIIIIII st*dy o% t"e c*rre!t system. ,c- All proced*res re<*#reme!ts m*st e a!alysed a!d doc*me!ted #! t"e %orm o% data %lo( d#a&rams) data d#ct#o!ary) IIIIIIIIIII a!d m#!#at*re spec#%#cat#o!s. ,d- IIIIIIIIIIIII #s a l*e pr#!t o% a comp*ter system. ,e- I! IIIIIIIIIII r*! t"e !e( system #!stalled #! parts. ,%- I! parallel r*! comp*ter#'ed a!d IIIIIIIIIIII systems are e2ec*ted #! parallel. 1.D 7@AT YOU @A1E LEARNT I! t"#s lesso! a systemat#c approac" to solve a!y &#ve! pro lem #s e2pla#!ed. 6"ases o% system s*c" as prel#m#!ary system st*dy) deta#led system st*dy) system a!alys#s) des#&!) cod#!&) test#!&) #mpleme!tat#o! a!d ma#!te!a!ce are e2pla#!ed. Comp*ter ased systems are de%#!ed. System developme!t l#%e cycle #s d#sc*ssed #! deta#l. T"e d#%%ere!t p"ases o% t"e developme!t o% system are e2pla#!ed #! deta#l. 1.E TERMINAL >UESTIONS 1. De%#!e a system. E2pla#! t"e compo!e!ts o% a system. .. @o( do yo* e2pla#! system developme!t l#%e cycleA 3. D#sc*ss t"e #mporta!ce o% system a!alys#s a!d des#&! #! t"e developme!t o% a system. 1.F BEY TO INTE=T >UESTIONS 1. ,A- Tr*e , - 4alse ,c- Tr*e ,d- 4alse ,e- 4alse .. ,a- %#rst , - deta#led ,c- lo&#cal data str*ct*re ,d- str*ct*re des#&! ,e- p#lot ,%- ma!*al