DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY III YEAR IT IT2353 WEB TECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I PART - A 1. DEFINE INTERNET . Network is an interconnection of systems to share data and information. Internet is network of network or collection of hetero eneo!s networks. ". #$AT I% T$E U%E &F IP ADDRE%%E% AND P&RT%' It is (ery diffic!lt to remem)er the IP address of each and e(ery node. It order to a(oid this *ro)lem domain names are !sed. E+am*le oo l.com, rediff.com etc. P&RT% Ports are !sed in recei(in and sendin data to another ser(er or client. E+am*le for *ort n!m)ers Protocol Port Protocol P!r*ose Echo - T.P/UDP Echo is a test *rotocol !sed to (erify that " machines 1. are a)le to connect )y ha(in one echo )ack the A**lication 0ayer Trans*ort 0ayer 1T.P, UDP2 Internet layer 1IP2 Physical *ath1Ethernet, FDDI etc2 other3s in*!t. Discard 4 T.P/UDP Discard is a less !sef!l test *rotocol in which all data ". recei(ed )y the ser(er is i nored. FTP "1 %5TP "6 $TTP 78 P&P9 118 NTP 114 Usenet News transfer is more formally known as the Network News Transfer Protocol R5I Re istry 1844 This is the re istry ser(ice for :a(a Remote &);ects. 9. 5ENTI&N T$E DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRE%% .0A%% AND IT3% RAN<E. Internet addresses are assi ned to different or ani=ations )y the Internet Assi ned N!m)ers A!thority 1IANA2.

I%P > Internet %er(ice Pro(iders i(es a )lock addresses. .lass . address )lock s*ecifies the first 9 )ytes of address, for e+am*le 144.1.9". This allows room for "6? indi(id!al addresses from 144.1.9".1 to 144.1.9"."6? .lass @ address s*ecified only the first " )ytes of the addresses . There are also .lass D and E addresses are !sed for IP m!lticast ro!*. ?. DEFINE FIRE#A00. The hardware and software that sits )etween the Internet and the local network, checkin all the data that comes and oes o!t is called AfirewallsB. The sec!rity is *ro(ided !sin %%01%ec!re %ocket 0ayer2 in internet. 6. DEFINE PR&CD %EREER% Pro+y ser(ers are related to firewalls *re(ents hosts on a network from makin direct connections to the o!tside world, a *ro+y ser(er can act as a o-)etween. Th!s a machine that is *re(ented from connectin to the e+ternal network )y a firewall wo!ld make a reF!est for a we) *a e from the local *ro+y ser(er instead of reF!estin the we) *a e directly from the remote we) ser(er. G. #$AT I% T$E U%E &F $TTP PR&T&.&0' $TTP is a standard *rotocol that defines how a we) client talks to a ser(er and how data is transferred from the ser(er )ack to the client. $TTP relies hea(ily on two other standards. 5I5E 15!lti*!r*ose Internet 5ail E+tensions2, $T50 -. #$AT I% T$E U%E &F 5I5E'15!lti*!r*ose Internet 5ail E+tension2 5I5E is a way to encode different kinds of data, s!ch as so!nd and te+t, to )e transmitted o(er a --)it A%.II connection. It also lets the reci*ient know what kind of data has )een sent, so that it can )e dis*layed *ro*erly. 5I5E was ori inally desi ned to facilitate m!ltimedia email and to *ro(ide an encodin that co!ld et )inary data *ast the most train >dama ed mail transfer *ro rams. 5I5E is an o*en standard for sendin m!lti*art, m!ltimedia data thro! h Internet email. 5I5E was ori inally intended for email, it has )ecome a widely !sed techniF!e to descri)e a file3s contents so that client software can tell the difference )etween different kinds of data. 7. DEFINE UR0 H URN.

UR0 Uniform Reco!rse 0ocator is a way to !nam)i !o!sly identify the location of a reso!rce on the Interned. URI Uniform Reso!rce Identifier is a strin of characters in a *artic!lar synta+ that identifies a reso!rce. The reso!rce identified may )e a file on a ser(er, )!t it may also )e an email address, a news messa e, ) )ook, a *erson3s name, an Internet host. %ynta+ %chemeI scheme-s*ecific-*art %cheme ty*es data > )ase G? encoded data incl!ded directly in a link file > A file on a local disk FTP > An FTP ser(er o*her > a <o*her ser(er mailto > an email address news > A Usenet news ro!* Telnet > A connection to a Telnet )ased ser(ice 1only !sed in Remote 0o in %ystem2 !rn > Uniform Reso!rce Name 4. ECP0AIN A@&UT URN There are " ty*es of UR0s. UR0 > Unform Reso!rce 0ocaters 1is a *ointer to a *artic!lar reso!rce on the Internet at a *artic!lar location.2 URNs > Uniform Reso!rce Name 1is a name for a *artic!lar reso!rce )!t witho!t reference to a *artic!lar location2 %DNTAC &F URN !rnInames*aceIreso!rce-name names*ace - is the name of a collection of certain kinds of reso!rces maintained )y some a!thority. reso!rce-name > is the name of a reso!rce within that collection. 18. #$AT I% 5EANT @D RE0ATIEE UR0' UR0s that are not com*lete )!t inherit *ieces from their *arent are called relati(e UR0. In contrast, a com*letely s*ecified UR0 is called an a)sol!te UR0 address. 11. ECP0AIN A@&UT %<50 > %TANDARD <ENERA0IJED 5ARKUP 0AN<UA<E

L $T50 is an instance of %<50. L %<50 was in(ented )e innin in the mid-14-8s )y .harles <oldfar) at I@5 L %<50 is now an International %tandards &r ani=ation 1I%&2 standard, s*ecifically I%& 77-4I147G. L %<50 allows the !ser to create (ario!s !ser defined ta s easily witho!t any r!les. ECA5P0E 1 > F&R PR&DU.T DETAI0% MPR&DU.T 5ANUFA.TURERNBA@. .&5PANDBO -Ass!med as record name MNA5EO KED @&ARD M/NA5EO MTDPEO KED @&ARD M/TDPEO MPRI.EO 1688 M/PRI.EO M/PR&DU.T 1". ECP0AIN A@&UT C50 > ECTEN%I@0E 5ARKUP 0AN<UA<E L %imilar to %<50 L Allows the !ser to create any n!m)er of !ser defined ta s. L The (al!e of an attri)!te may )e enclosed in do!)le of sin le F!otes like thisI L M$1 A0I<NN.ENTERO T$I% I% .ENTERED $1 $EADIN< M/$1O L %TD0E% can )e introd!ced for C50 *ro ram like .%% !sin C0% file1C50 %tyle %heet *ro ram2 L $ere C50 styles are sa(ed with an e+tension of .+ls 1C50 style sheet2 L Usin .+ls files (ario!s styles can )e i(en to the data which is inside the C50 *ro ram. 19. 0I%T T$E %TEP% FUN.TI&N% &F $TTP PR&T&.&0. %tandard *rotocol for comm!nication )etween we) )rowsers and we) ser(ers. $TTP s*ecifies how a client and ser(er esta)lish a connection, how the client reF!ests data from the ser(er, how the ser(er res*onds to that reF!est, and finally how the connection is closed. $TTP 1.8 is the c!rrently acce*ted (ersion of the *rotocol. It !ses 5I5E to encode data. The )asic *rotocol defines a seF!ence of ? ste*s for each reF!est from a client to the ser(er. 5akin the connection 5akin a reF!est Recei(in the res*onse .losin the connection

1?. #$AT I% D&5AIN H 5ENTI&N DIFFERENT TDPE% &F D&5AIN% Domain is a *lace where information is a(aila)le. D&5AIN NA5E ECTEN%I&N .ed! > %er(ers that *ro(ide Ed!cational ser(ices . o( > A)o!t the o(ernment of a co!ntry. .mil > %er(ers that *ro(ide military information. .or > Pro(ide information a)o!t the or ani=ations in the world. .com > %er(ers *ro(idin commercial ser(ices on the Internet. 16. #RITE T$E F&R5AT &F $T50 PR&<RA5 M$T50O M$EADO MTIT0EO This is the Title M/TIT0EO M/$EADO M@&DDO P. Ty*e the )ody of the *ro ram M/@&DDO M/$T50O NoteI All the ta s in $T50 *ro ram are o*tional, howe(er the file sho!ld )e sa(ed in .html e+tension. 1G. 5ENTI&N %&5E TECT F&R5ATTIN< TA<% M*O M/*O - is !sed for introd!cin (ario!s *ara ra*hs. M)rO - this ta is !sed for i(in an em*ty )lank line. $EADIN< TA<% - Mh1O M/h1O .. MhGO M/hGO is !sed to introd!ce (ario!s headin s. Mh1O is the )i est and hG is the smallest headin ta . M$RO TA< > is !sed to draw lines and hori=ontal r!les. M@O,MIO,MUO for )old, italic and !nderline res*ecti(ely. 1-. ECP0AIN A@&UT 0I%T TA<. TDPE% &F 0I%T% Unordered lists &rdered lists UN&RDERED 0I%T% It starts with M!lO and ends with M/!lO Attri)!tes of Unordered lists TDPEI

TDPE N FI00R&UND or TDPE N %QUARE ECA5P0E MU0 TDPE N FI00<R&UNDO M0IO .%E M/0IO M0IO IT M/0IO M/U0O &RDERED 0I%T% 1NU5@ERIN<O TDPEI .ontrols the n!m)erin scheme to )e !sed TDPE N A1B will i(e co!ntin n!m)ers 11,",PO AAB will i(e A,@,... AaB will i(e a,),c AIB starts with .a*ital roman letters I,II,IIP AIB starts with small case roman letters %TARTI Alters the n!m)erin seF!ence, can )e set to any n!meric (al!e EA0UEI .han e the n!m)erin seF!ence in the middle of an ordered list ECA5P0E M&0 TDPE N A1B %TART N 6O M0IO .%E M/0IO M0IO IT M/0IO M/&0O &UTPUT 6 .%E G IT 17. ECP0AIN T$E ATTRI@UTE% &F TA@0E TA< #IT$ AN ECA5P0E A ta)le is a two dimensional matri+, consistin of rows and col!mns. All ta)le related ta s are incl!ded )etween MTA@0EO M/TA@0EO ta s. MTA@0EO MT$O $eadin M/T$O MTRO Row elements M/TRO MTDO Ta)le data (al!es M/TDO M/TA@0EO ATTRI@UTE% &F TA@0E TA< A0I<N $ori=ontal ali nment is controlled )y the A0I<N attri)!te. It can )e set to 0EFT, .ENTER, or RI<$T EA0I<N .ontrols the (ertical ali nment of cell contents. It acce*ts the (al!es T&P, 5IDD0E or @&TT&5 #IDT$ %ets the #IDT$ of a s*ecific n!m)er of *i+els or to a *ercenta e of the a(aila)le screen width. @&RDER .ontrols the )order to )e *laced aro!nd the ta)le.

.E00PADIN< This attri)!te controls the distance )etween the data in a cell and the )o!ndaries of the cell .E00%PA.IN< .ontrols the s*acin )etween ad;acent cells .&0%PAN Used to s*ilt the sin le cell to one or more col!mns R&#%PAN Used to s*ilt the sin le cell to one or more rows. ECA5P0E MTA@0E @&RDER N 9 #IDT$ N 188 $EI<$T N "88O MTRO MT$O Roll N!m)er M/T$O MT$O A e M/T$O MTRO MTRO MTDO 1 M/TDO MTD 96 M/TDO M/TRO M/TA@0EO A0I<NI A0I<N N T&P, 5IDD0E,@&TT&5 @&RDERI %*ecifies the si=e of the )order to *lace aro!nd the ima e. #IDT$I %*ecifies the width of the ima e in *i+els. $EI<$TI %*ecifies the hei ht of the ima e in *i+els $%PA.EI Indicates the amo!nt of s*ace to the left and ri ht of the ima e E%PA.EI Indicates the amo!nt of a*ace to the to* and )ottom of the ima e. 14. #$AT D& D&U 5EAN @D .&0U5N %PANNIN< AND R&# %PANNIN<' Row s*annin is !sed to mer e 1com)ine2 two or more rows. .ol!mn s*annin is !sed to mer e 1com)ine2 two or more col!mns. "8. 5ENTI&N T$E DIFFERENT TDPE% &F 0INK% $T50 allows linkin to other $T50 doc!ments as well as ima es. There are 9 attri)!tes that can )e introd!ced in @&DD ta . 0INK > .han es the defa!lt color of a $y*erlink to whate(er color is s*ecified with this ta . A0INK > .han es the defa!lt color of a hy*erlink that is acti(ated to whate(er color is s*ecified with this ta . E0INK > .han es the defa!lt color of a hy*erlink that is already (isited to whate(er color is s*ecified with this ta . N&TEI User can s*ecify the color name of a hy*erlink or an eF!i(alent he+adecimal n!m)er. ECTERNA0 0INK% %DNTAC

MA $REF N Alocation nameBO $y*er Te+t 5essa e M/AO "1. ECP0AIN I5A<E 5AP% #IT$ IT% %DNTAC #hen a hy*erlink is created on an ima e, clickin on any *art of the ima e will lead to o*enin of the doc!ment s*ecified in the MA $REF TA<O. 0inked re ions of an ima e ma* are called hot re ions and each hot re ion is associated with a filename.html. %ynta+ M5AP NA5E N Ama* nameBO ATTRI@UTE% &F I5A<E 5AP% .&&RD%I Each of the a)o(e sha*es takes different coordinates as *arameters. Rectan le > ? coordinates 1+1,y",+9,y"2 P&0D<&NI 9 or more coordinates. $REF > Takes the name of the .html file that s linked to the *artic!lar area on the ima e. M5AP NA5E N Afish.;* BO MAREA %$APE N ArectB .&&RD% N A6",G6,1"",74B $REF N Asct.htmlBO M/5APO "". ECP0AIN A@&UT $T50 F&R5 TA< #IT$ IT% ATTRI@UTE%. $T50 form *ro(ides se(eral mechanisms to collect information from *eo*le (iewin yo!r site. The synta+ of the form is MF&R5 5ET$&D N AP&%TB A.TI&N N A/c i-)in/formailBO L The 5ET$&D attri)!te indicates the way the we) ser(er will or ani=e and send yo! the form o!t*!t. L Use 5ET$&D N A*ostB in a form that ca!ses chan es to ser(er data, for e+am*le when !*datin a data)ase. L The A.TI&N attri)!te in the F&R5 ta is the *ath to this scri*tR in this case, it is a common scri*t which emails form data to an address. 5ost Internet %er(ice Pro(iders will ha(e a scri*t like this on their site. "9. 5ENTI&N T$E EARI&U% F&R5 E0E5ENT%. Eario!s elements or controls can )e created in F&R5 !sin MINPUTO ta . They are 1. 0a)el ". Te+t )o+ 9. Te+t Area ?. Radio )!tton 6. .heck )o+ G. 0ist )o+ -. .ommand )!tton 7. %croll )ars

"?. #$AT I% T$E U%E &F FRA5E% IN $T50 <IEE T$E %DNTAC &F FRA5E% Frames are !sed to call many html files at the same time. This can )e done !sin MFRA5E%ETO M/FRA5E%ETO ta s. ATTRI@UTE% &F FRA5E% R&#% > This attri)!te is !sed to di(ide the screen into m!lti*le rows. It can )e set eF!al to a list of (al!es. De*endin on the reF!ired si=e of each row. The (al!es can L A n!m)er of *i+els L E+*ressed as a *ercenta e of the screen resol!tion L The sym)ol S, which indicates the remainin s*ace. .&0% > This attri)!te is !sed to di(ide the screen into m!lti*le col!mns. ECA5P0E MFRA5E%ET R&#% N A98T,SBO NO Di(ides the screen into " rows, L occ!*yin the remainin s*ace MFRA5E%ET .&0% N A68T,68TBO NO Di(ides the first row into " eF!al col!mns MFRA5E %R. N Afile1.htmlBO MFRA5E %R. N Afile".htmlBO MFRA5E%ET .&0% N A68T,68TBO NO Di(ides the second row into " eF!al col!mns MFRA5E %R. N file9.htmlBO MFRA5E %R. N file?.htmlBO M/FRA5E%ETO M/FRA5E%ETO "6. #hat is the difference )etween node and host' A node is any addressa)le de(ice connected to a network whereas the host is a more s*ecific descri*tor that refers to a networked eneral*!r*ose com*!ter rather than a sin le *!r*ose de(ice 1s!ch as a *rinter2. "G. Define *rotocol. A *rotocol is a formal set of r!les that m!st )e followed in order to comm!nicate. "-. Define *ort. A *ort is a lo ical channel to an a**lication r!nnin on a host. ie., The a**lications r!nnin on the host machines are !niF!ely identified )y *ort n!m)ers.

"7. #hat do yo! mean )y well-known *orts' Port n!m)ers can ran e from 1 to G6696, howe(er *orts 1 to 18"9 are reser(ed. These reser(ed *orts are referred to as we1l-known *orts )eca!se the Internet Assi ned N!m)ers A!thority *!)licly doc!ments the a**lications that !se them. "4. #hat is meant )y Name Resol!tion' Name Resol!tion is the *rocess of ma**in a hostname to its corres*ondin IP Address. &ne way to translate a hostname to an IP address is to look it !* in a sim*le te+t file. The second way is the domain name ser(ice, which is a distri)!ted data)ase containin all re istered hostnames on the Internet and their IP addresses. 98. Define URI, UR0, URN. L URI 1Uniform Reso!rce Identifier2I It identifies an o);ect on the Internet. L UR0 1Uniform Reso!rce 0ocator2I It is a s*ecification for identifyin an o);ect s!ch as a file, news ro!*, .<I *ro ram or e-mail address )y indicatin the e+act location on the internet. L URN 1Uniform Reso!rce Name2I It is a method for referencin an o);ect witho!t declarin the f!ll *ath to the o);ect. 91. #hat are the com*onents of $TTP UR0' The com*onents are host, an o*tional *ort, *ath, filename, section and F!ery strin . 9". Define UR0 encodin . UR0 encodin in(ol(es re*lacin all !nsafe and non*rinta)le characters with a *ercent si n 1T2 followed )y two he+adecimal di its corres*ondin to the characterUVs A%.II (al!e. 99. #hat are the iss!es of ne+t eneration IP' The iss!es to )e considered in IP ne+t eneration are o Addresses %*ace <rowth o %!**ort lar e <lo)al networks o A clear way of transition from the e+istin IP to new IP ne+t eneration 9?. 0ist the oals of %<50. L To mana e the flow of millions of *a es. L For str!ct!rin information e+chan e

L For modelin inter-doc!ment linka es L For mana in information flows )etween de*artments and wea*ons systems 96. #hat is the role of ser(er' The ser(er L 5ana es a**lication tasks L $andles stora e L $andles sec!rity L Pro(ides scala)ility L $andles acco!ntin and distri)!tion 9G. #hat are the necessities of !sin $T50 forms' 1. <atherin !ser information ". .ond!ctin %!r(eys 9. Interacti(e ser(ices 9-. #hat are the seF!ences of ste*s for each $TTP reF!est from a client to the ser(er' 1. 5akin the connection ". 5akin a reF!est 9. The res*onse ?. .losin the connection 97. 0ist the *redefined 5I5E content ty*es. 1. Te+t ". 5!lti*art 9. 5essa e ?. Ima e 6. A!dio G. Eideo -. 5odel 7. A**lication 94. Define $T50. It is a sim*le *a e descri*tion lan !a e, which ena)les doc!ment creation for the we). ?8. #hat is meant )y loo* )ack address'

A =one that ena)les the ser(er to direct traffic to itself. The host n!m)er is almost always 1"-.8.8.1. ?1. E+*lain a)o!t $TTP .onnection. It is a comm!nication channel )etween we) )rowser and we) ser(er. It )e ins on the client side with the )rowser sendin a reF!est to the we) ser(er for a doc!ment. ReF!est $eader Fields are 1. From ". Reference 9. IfWmodifiedWsince ?. Pra ma 6. User A ent ?". #hat do mean )y search en ine' It is a *ro ram or we) *a e that ena)les yo! to search an Internet site for a s*ecific keywords or words. ?9. $ow do search en ine work' #hen yo! enter a keyword, the search en ine e+amines its online data)ase and *resents to yo! a listin of sites that, in theory , match yo!r search criteria. ??. Disc!ss a)o!t the client/ser(er strate ies in Internet. L A**lication %er(er L Data)ase %er(er L Transaction %er(er L %i+ client/ser(er models ?6. E+*lain a)o!t Mta)leO H MframeO ta s in detail.. i. %ynta+ of Mta)leO ta I ii. MTA@0EO iii. MTROPM/TRO MXYRow1W i(. MTROPM/TRO MXYRow"W (. P (i. MTROPM/TRO MXYRowmW (ii. M/TA@0EO (iii. %ynta+ of MframeO ta I

i+. Mframeset rowsNB A, colsNB AO +. Mframe nameNB A srcNB AO +i. Mframe nameNB A srcNB AO +ii. P +iii. Mframe nameNB A srcNB AO +i(. M/framesetO ?G. E+*lain a)o!t Internet ser(ers. L 5ail ser(ers L #e) ser(ers L FTP ser(ers L News ser(er L DN% ser(ers ?-. E+*lain the elements of ###. L .lient H ser(er L #e) lan !a es H *rotocols L #e) *a es L $ome *a e L #e) )rowsers L #e) sites ?7. E+*lain $T50 forms in detail alon with form elements, attri)!tes H methods. Mform methodNBhow to sendB A.TI&NNBUR0 of scri*tBO Pform dataP M/formO Form fields H attri)!tesI i. MTECTAREAO element ii. MINPUTO ta I te+t, *assword, check)o+, radio, hidden, reset, s!)mit, )!tton iii. M%E0E.TO ta ?4. #hat are the ways )y which a ser(er and a )rowser do comm!nicate' <ET H P&%T method #e) ser(er to .<I comm!nication 1. UR0 inter*retation ". .<I en(ironment (aria)les .<I *ro ram to we) ser(er comm!nication L Parsed header

L @y*assin the ser(er 68. #hat is $T50' $y*erTe+t 5ark!* 0an !a e. This is a file format, )ased on %<50, for hy*erte+t doc!ments on the Internet. It is (ery sim*le and allows for the em)eddin of ima es, so!nds, (ideo streams, form fields and sim*le te+t formattin . References to other o);ects are em)edded !sin UR0s. $T50 is a *lain te+t file with commands Mmark!* ta sO to tell the #e) )rowsers how to dis*lay the file. 61. $ow do yo! chan e the color of )ack ro!nd or te+t in $T50' Incl!de the element UZ) colorUZ with a color code in yo!r )ody ta I M@&DD @<.&0&RNUZ[ffffffUZ TECTNUZ[888888UZ 0INKNUZ[cc8888UZ E0INKNUZ[8888GGUZ A0INKNUZ[ffff88UZO 6". $ow do yo! !se a *ict!re as the )ack ro!nd in $T50' Incl!de the element UZ)ack ro!ndUZ with the name of the ra*hics fileI M@&DD @A.K<R&UNDNUZ !m)y. ifUZ @<.&0&RNUZ[ffffffUZ TECTNUZ[888888UZ 0INKNUZ[cc8888UZ E0INKNUZ[8888GGUZ A0INKNUZ[ffff88UZO 69. $ow do yo! add m!sic to a we) *a e' MA $REFNUZhtt*I//www.snowhawk.com/so!nds/h(nearth.midUZO$ea(en on EarthM/AO 6?. $ow do yo! ali n te+t ne+t to a ra*hic in $T50' MI5< %R.NUZwflower.;* UZ #IDT$NUZ"6UZ $EI<$TNUZ"6UZ A0I<NNUZto*UZ @&RDERNUZ8UZ A0TNUZwildflower *hotoUZO Photo of wildflowers in Te+asM/AO 66. $ow do yo! make a ra*hic a link' MA$REFNUZhtt*I//www.snowhawk.com/wildlife.htmlUZOMI5< %R.NUZleo*ard.;* UZ #IDT$NUZ"6UZ $EI<$TNUZ"6UZ A0I<NNUZto*UZ @&RDERNUZ8UZ A0TNUZlink to wildlifeUZOM/AO 6G. $ow do yo! make a new *ara ra*h in $T50' Insertin the MPO ta at the )e innin of yo!r *ara ra*h will dro* the te+t down two lines. 1If yo! insert the M@RO ta , it will dro* yo!r te+t down one line.2

6-. $ow do yo! make headin s and te+t lar er or smaller' There are G si=es to the headin ta sI This is !sin the M$1O ta This is !sin the M$"O ta This is !sin the M$9O ta This is !sin the M$?O ta This is !sin the M$6O ta This is !sin the M$GO ta 67. $ow do yo! make te+t show as )old' Placin the M@Ota )efore the te+t will make e(erythin )old, !ntil yo! close the ta withM/@O 1&r !sin M%TR&N<Ota sM/%TR&N< O will do the same.2 64. $ow do I make te+t show in italics' Placin the MIOta )efore the te+t will make e(erythin in italics, !ntil yo! close the ta withM/IO 1Usin ME5Oem*hasis ta sM/E5 O will do the same.2 G8. $ow wo!ld yo! make all te+t on a *a e reen and a little lar er than normal, )!t make all headin s yellow' P!t the followin at the )e innin of the #e) *a eI M@&DD TECTNB reenBOM@A%EF&NT %IJEN?O Then make each headin look like thisI M$1OMF&NT .&0&RNBDellowBO$eadin oes here M/F&NTOM/$1O G1. #rite the $T50 to create the followin ordered list. C. Cylo*hone D. Dak J. Je)ra M&0 TDPE NBAB %TART N A"?BO M0IO Cylo*hone M0IODAK M0IOJe)ra M/&0O The followin alternati(e will also do the same thin s. M&0 TDPE NBABM0I EA0UE NB"?BOCylo*honeM0IODakM0IOJe)raM/&0O G". $ow wo!ld yo! insert a sin le word and *!t a sF!are )!llet in front of it' MU0 TDPENB%F!areBOM0IO%!*ercalifra ilistice+*ealidocio!sM/U0O

G9. $ow wo!ld yo! insert an ima e file named ele*hant.;* at the (ery to* of a #e) *a e' .o*y the ima e file into the same directory folder as the $T50 te+t file and ty*e MI5< %R.O immediately after the M@&DDO ta in the $T50 te+t file G?. $ow wo!ld yo! i(e a #e) *a e a )lack )ack ro!nd and make all te+t, incl!din links, )ri ht reen' P!t the followin at the )e innin of the #e) *a eI M@&DD @<.&0&RNB)lackBO The followin wo!ld do the same thin B M@&DD @<.&0&R NB[888888B TECTNB[88FF88B 0INKNB88FF88B E0INKNB[888888BO G6. $ow wo!ld yo! make an ima e file named te+t!re.;* a**ear as a )ack ro!nd tile' M@&DD @A.K<R&UNDNBte+t!re.;* B TECTNB#hiteB 0INKNBredB E0INKNB)l!eB A0INKNB)lackBO GG. $ow wo!ld yo! wra* te+t aro!nd the ri ht side of an ima e, lea(in ?8 *i+els of s*ace )etween the ima e and the te+t' MI5< %R.NBmyima e. ifB $%PA.EN?8 E%PA.EN?8 A0I<NNBleftBOTe+t oes here G-. $ow co!ld yo! insert e+actly 78 *i+els of )lank s*ace )etween two *ara ra*hs of te+t' .reate a small ima e that is all one color, and sa(e it as nothin . if with that color set to )e trans*arent. Then *!t the followin ta )etween the two *ara ra*hs of te+tI MI5< %R.NBnothin . ifB #IDT$N1 $EI<$TN78O G7. $ow wo!ld yo! write the $T50 to draw a r!le "8 *i+els wide' M$R #IDT$N"8O G4. If yo! ha(e a circ!lar )!tton that links to another *a e, how do yo! *re(ent a rectan le from a**earin aro!nd it' Use the @&RDERN8 attri)!te, like thisI MA $REFNBanotherW*a e.htmBOMI5< %R.NBcircle. ifB @&RDERN8OM/AO -8. #hat is meant )y %tateless .onnection'

#hen a we) ser(er recei(es a $TTP reF!est from a we) )rowser it e(al!ates the reF!est and ret!rns the reF!ested doc!ment, if it e+ists, and then )reaks the $TTP connection.This doc!ment is *receded )y the res*onse header, which has details a)o!t how to dis*lay thedoc!ment that will )e sent )y the ser(er. Each time a reF!est is made to the ser(er, it is as ifthere was no *rior connection and each reF!est can yield only a sin le doc!ment. This isknown as %tateless .onnection. PART @ 1. Disc!ss the (ario!s $T50 ta s in detail . ". #rite short notes on the followin i. I5< ta ii. TA@0E ta iii. FRA5E ta 9. #rite an $T50 doc!ment to *ro(ide a form that collect name and tele*hone n!m)ers. ?. E+*lain $T50 forms in detail alon with form elements, attri)!tes H methods. i. Mform methodNBhow to sendB A.TI&NNBUR0 of scri*tBO ii. Pform dataP iii. M/formO i(. Form fields H attri)!tesI MTECTAREAO element MINPUTO ta I te+t, *assword, check)o+, radio, hidden, reset, s!)mit, (. )!tton M%E0E.TO ta 6. 0ist any fo!r e(ents associated with D$T50 and e+*lain each one with an e+am*le. G. #rite the C$T50 mark!* to create a frame with a ta)le of contents on the left side of the window and ha(e each entry in the ta)le of contents !se internal linkin to scroll down the doc!ment frame to the a**ro*riate s!)section. -. #hat are $T50 ta s' 0ist the commonly !sed $T50 commands. 7. Desi n a we) *a e that allows the !ser to choose from a series of ima es and to (iew the ima e in color and rayscale. 4. De(elo* a html *a e which acce*ts i. -Any mathematical e+*ression

ii. -E(al!ate the e+*ression iii. -Dis*lays the res!lt of the e(al!ation 18. $ow to create !ser interacti(e we) *a es !sin form o);ects and form elements' 11. #hat is $T50'0ist the oals of %<50. e+*lain the (ario!s html ta s to de(elo* the we) *a es. 1". #hat are the necessities of !sin $T50 forms'#hat is the !se of $T50 Forms' .reate a $T50 Form *a e for Railway Re istration Form. 19. De(elo* a html we) *a e for the followin desi n !sin frame and frameset. Mframe 1O DE5&N%TRATI&N &F FRA5E% Mframe"O Mlink1O Mlink"O Mlink9O Mframe9O Mcontent to )e dis*layed in this frameO 1?. $ow to create !ser interacti(e we) *a es !sin Form elements and Form o);ects' De(elo* an %t!dent re istration form !sin $T50 Form elements. 1Ass!me yo!r own fields2.

UNIT - II PART - A 1. 5ention the ad(anta es of ;a(a/;a(a scri*t a. Use sendin data contin!o!sly File stora e 5assi(ely *arallel com*!tin ). %mart forms > incl!des (ario!s controls like te+t )o+, radio )!tton, te+t c. area control etc. d. Peer-to-Peer Interaction > !sed in (ario!s client/ser(er model. e. <ames > .om)ine the a)ility to easily incl!de networkin in yo!r *ro rams with ;a(a3s *owerf!l ra*hics and yo! ha(e the reci*e for tr!ly awesome m!lti*layer ames. .hat > Used in (ario!s chat a**lications. f.

#hite)oards > :a(a *ro rams are not limited to sendin e+t and data . across the network. h. A n!m)er of *ro rammers ha(e de(elo*ed white)oard software that allows !sers in di(erse locations to draw on their com*!ters ". #hat are %tyle %heets' %tyle sheets are collections of style information that are a**lied to *lain te+t. %tyle information incl!des font attri)!tes s!ch as ty*e si=e, s*ecial effects 1)old,italic,!nderline2, color and ali nment. %tyle sheets also *ro(ide )roader formattin instr!ctions )y s*ecifyin (al!es for F!antities s!ch as line s*acin and left and ri ht mar ins. 9. 0ist down the ways of incl!din style information in a doc!ment. a. 1.0inked %tyles -%tyle information is read from a se*arate file that is s*ecified in the M0INKO ta ). ".Em)edded %tyles -%tyle information is defined in the doc!ment head !sin the M%TD0EO and M/%TD0EO ta s. c. 9.Inline %tyles -%tyle information is *laced inside an $T50 ta and a**lies to all content )etween that ta and it com*anion closin ta . ?. Define cascadin . .ascadin refers to a certain set of r!les that )rowsers !se, in cascadin order, to determine how to !se the style information. %!ch a set of r!les is !sef!l in the e(ent of conflictin style information )eca!se the r!les wo!ld i(e the )rowser a way to determine which style is i(en *recedence. 6. #hat are the style *recedence r!les when !sin m!lti*le a**roaches' Inline styles o(erride )oth linked style sheets and style information stored in the doc!ment head with M%TD0EO ta . %tyles defined in the doc!ment head o(erride linked style sheets. 0inked style sheets o(erride )rowser defa!lts. G. <i(e the synta+ to s*ecify a characteristic in linked style sheet. \.haracteristicI (al!e] 5!lti*le characteristic/(al!e *airs sho!ld )e se*arated )y semicolons. -. 0ist down font characteristics *ermitted in style sheets. i. 1.font-family ii. ".font-si=e iii. 9.font-wei ht

i(. ?.font-style (. 6.font-(ariant 7. #rite a note on content *ositionin characteristic UZEisi)ilityUZ. Ena)les the doc!ment a!thor to selecti(ely dis*lay or conceal *ositioned contentR Possi)le (al!es are show or hide. 4. Define scri*tlets. %cri*tlets ena)le yo! to create small, re!sa)le we) a**lications that can )e !sed in any we) *a e. %cri*tlets are created !sin $T50, scri*tin and Dynamic $T50. To incl!de them in an $T50 doc!ment !se the M&@:E.TO ta . 18. #hat does D$T50 refer' D$T50 refers to collection of technolo ies, which makes $T50 doc!ments more dynamic and interacti(e. 11. #hat does data )indin mean' Data )indin is D$T50 feat!re that lets yo! easily )ind indi(id!al elements in yo!r doc!ment to data from another so!rce s!ch as data)ase or comma delimited te+t file. 1". #hat is meant )y Pl! -in' A hardware or software mod!le that adds a s*ecific feat!re or ser(ice to a lar er system. The idea is that the new com*onent sim*ly *l! s in to the e+istin system. For e+am*le, there are n!m)er of *l! -ins for the Netsca*e Na(i ator )rowser that ena)le it todis*lay different ty*es of a!dio or (ideo messa es. Na(i ator *l! -ins are )ased on 5I5E filety*es. 19. 5ENTI&N T$E TDPE% &F %.RIPTIN< 0AN<UA<E% L :a(a%cri*t is a %cri*tin lan !a e 1we) site de(elo*ment en(ironment2 created )y Netsca*e. L $ence :a(a%cri*t works )est with the Netsca*e s!ite of .lient and %er(er *rod!cts. L :a(a%cri*t is the nati(e scri*tin lan !a e of Netsca*e Na(i ator. L E@%cri*t is the nati(e %cri*tin lan !a e of $T50. 1?. %EREER %IDE %.RIPTIN< L In %er(er side scri*tin the scri*t *ro ram is e+ec!ted at %er(er %ide the reF!ired html *ro ram is sent to the client. L The ;o) of the ser(er is more in ser(er side scri*tin

16. .0IENT %IDE %.RIPTIN< L $ere the scri*t *ro ram is *rocessed and e+ec!ted in the client side itself. L %o that it red!ces the )!rden of the ser(er. 1G. 0I%T T$E ADEANTA<E% &F :AEA %.RIPT :a(a%cri*t is an o);ect-oriented lan !a e that allows creation of interacti(e #e) *a es :a(a%cri*t allows !ser entries, which are loaded into an $T50 form to )e *rocessed as reF!ired 1-. ADEANTA<E% a. It is an inter*reted lan !a e, which reF!ires no com*ilation ste*s. ). Em)edded within $T50. c. 5inimal %ynta+ > easy to learn d. Q!ick De(elo*ment e. Desi ned for sim*le, small *ro rams f. $i h *erformance . Proced!ral .a*a)ilities > s!**ort facilities s!ch as condition checkin , loo*in and h. )ranchin . i. Desi ned for *ro rammin !ser e(ents > like E@ :a(a %cri*t is also )ased on E(ents. ;. Easy De)! in and Testin k. Platform Inde*endence/ Architect!re Ne!tral l. %DNTAC &F :AEA%.RIPT PR&<RA5 m. M$T50O n. M$EADO o. M%.RIPT lan !a e N A:a(a%cri*tBO *. P )ody of the scri*t *ro ram F. M/%.RIPTO r. M/$EADO s. M@&DDO t. M%.RIPT lan !a e N A:a(a%cri*tBO !. )ody of the *ro ram. (. M/%.RIPTO w. M/@&DDO +. M/$T50O 17. #$AT I% DEN%E ARRAD%'

L A dense array is an array that has )een created with each of its elements )ein assi ned a s*ecific (al!e. L Dense arrays are !sed e+actly in the same manner as other arrays. L Dense arrays are declared and initiali=ed at the same time. Array 5ethods :oin12 > ret!rns all elements of the array ;oined to ether as a sin le strin . Re(erse12 > re(erses the order of the elements in the array. 14. 0I%T .&5PARI%I&N &PERAT&R% H %TRIN< &PERAT&R% IN :AEA L N N eF!al 1*erform ty*e con(ersion )efore testin for eF!ality. L N N N strictly eF!al 1do not *erform ty*e con(ersion )efore testin for eF!ality %TRIN< &PERAT&R% .!rrently :a(a %cri*t s!**orts only one strin concatenation 1^2 o*erator. ECA5P0E Aa)B ^ AcdB *rod!ces Aa)cdB "8. 0I%T T$E EARI&U% DIA0&< @&CE% IN :AEA %.RIPT Dialo )o+es are !sed to dis*lay small windows. This is also !sed to et in*!t from !ser. a. %DNTAC ). alert1Amessa eB2R c. alert1A.lick here to contin!eB2 d. *rom*t1AEnter yo!r nameB, name2 e. Alert is only !sed to dis*lay some information f. Prom*t is !sed to dis*lay information alon with some in*!t (al!e . .onfirm dialo )o+, ca!ses *ro ram e+ec!tion to halt !ntil !ser action takes *lace. h. The !ser action can )e either &K or .AN.E0. i. &K > ret!rns tr!e ;. .AN.E0 > ret!rns false "1. 5ENTI&N T$E EARI&U% :AEA %.RIPT &@:E.T 5&DE0% . L 5ath &);ect L %trin &);ect L Date &);ect L @oolean and N!m)er &);ect L Doc!ment &);ect

L #indow &);ect "". $&# %.RIPTIN< 0AN<UA<E I% DIFFER% FR&5 $T50. L $T50 is !sed for sim*le we) *a e desi n L $T50 with F&R5 is !sed for )oth form desi n and Readin in*!t (al!es from !ser. L %cri*tin 0an !a e is !sed for Ealidatin the i(en in*!t (al!es weather it is correct or not, if the in*!t (al!e is incorrect, the !ser can *ass an error messa e to the !ser. L Usin form conce*t (ario!s controls like Te+t )o+, Radio @!tton, .ommand @!tton, Te+t Area control and 0ist )o+ can )e created. "9. DEFINE FUN.TI&N IN :AEA %.RIPT . F!nction is a *art of a *ro ram or in other words f!nction is a mod!le in ;a(a *ro ram which can )e called or in(oked any n!m)er of times from the main *ro ram. F!nction can )e called any n!m)er of times )!t it can acce*t any in*!t (al!es or *arameters, howe(er it can ret!rn only one o!t*!t at a time. "?. DEFINE .%% > .A%.ADIN< %TD0E %$EET L D$T50 is a new and emer in technolo y that has e(ol(ed to meet the increasin demand for eye-catchin and mind-catchin we) sites. L D$T50 com)ines $T50 with .ascadin %tyle %heets 1.%%2 and %cri*tin 0an !a es. $T50 s*ecifies a we) *a e3s elements like ta)le, frame, *ara ra*h, )!lleted list, etc. .%% can )e !sed to determine an element3s si=e, color, *osition and a n!m)er of other feat!res. L %cri*tin 0an !a es 1:a(a%cri*t and E@%cri*t2 can )e !sed to mani*!late the we) *a e3s elements so that styles assi ned to them can chan e in res*onse to a !ser3s in*!t. "6. DEFINE .A%DIN< %TD0E %$EET% 1.%% 2 L .%% are *owerf!l mechanism for addin styles 1e. . Fonts, .olors, %*acin 2 to we) doc!ments. L They enforce standards and !niformity thro! ho!t a we) site and *ro(ide n!mero!s attri)!tes to create dynamic effects. L The ad(anta e of a style sheet incl!des the a)ility to make lo)al chan es to all doc!ments from a sin le location. %tyle sheets are said to cascade when they com)ine to s*ecify the a**earance of a *a e.

The style assi nment *rocess is accom*lished with the M%TD0EOP M/%TD0EO ta s. "G. 5ENTI&N T$E TDPE% &F %TD0E %$EET% i. 1 Em)edded or Internal %tyle sheet ii. " E+ternal or 0inked %tyle sheet iii. 9 Inline style sheet "-. 0I%T T$E DIFFEREN.E @ET#EEN %TD0E %$EET% %lno _Em)edded 0inked Inline %tyle %heet %tyle *ro ram is em)edded with in the $T50 *ro ram itself. %tyle *ro ram alone is stored in a se*arate file with an e+tension of .css file. Different from Em)edded and 0inked .%% E+*licit 0INK statement is not needed. E+*licit 0INK RE0 statement is needed to connect with ..%% file Not reF!ired %tyles can )e !sed within the *ro ram only, it can not )e called some other files. %tyles !sed in ..%% file can )e !sed in any $T50 *ro ram %tyles created sho!ld )e !sed immediately )efore creatin another new style. "7. 0I%T T$E PR&PERTIE% &F %TD0E TA< M%TD0EO ta *ro*erties are di(ided in to G cate ories. They are L Font Attri)!tes L .olor and @ack ro!nd attri)!tes L Te+t Attri)!tes

L @order Attri)!tes L 5ar in Attri)!tes and L 0ist Attri)!tes. "4. $&# T& INTR&DU.E %TD0E IN $T50 PR&<RA5' M$T50O M$EADO M%TD0E Ty*e N Ate+t/cssBO *redefined ta name \attri)!te name1Iattri)!te (al!e1R attri)!te name"Iattri)!te (al!e"R PPattri)!te name-nIattri)!te (al!e-n] M%TD0EO M/$EADO M@&DDO write the )ody of *ro ram M/@&DDO M/$T50O

98. #hat are %tyle %heets' %tyle sheets are collections of style information that are a**lied to *lain te+t. %tyle information incl!des font attri)!tes s!ch as ty*e si=e, s*ecial effects 1)old,italic,!nderline2, color and ali nment. %tyle sheets also *ro(ide )roader formattin instr!ctions )y s*ecifyin (al!es for F!antities s!ch as line s*acin and left and ri ht mar ins. 91. 0ist down the ways of incl!din style information in a doc!ment. 1.0inked %tyles -%tyle information is read from a se*arate file that is s*ecified in the M0INKO ta ".Em)edded %tyles -%tyle information is defined in the doc!ment head !sin the M%TD0EO and M/%TD0EO ta s. 9.Inline %tyles -%tyle information is *laced inside an $T50 ta and a**lies to all content )etween that ta and it com*anion closin ta . 9". #hat are the style *recedence r!les when !sin m!lti*le a**roaches' Inline styles o(erride )oth linked style sheets and style information stored in the doc!ment head with M%TD0EO ta .

99. <i(e the synta+ to s*ecify a characteristic in linked style sheet. \.haracteristicI (al!e] 5!lti*le characteristic/(al!e *airs sho!ld )e se*arated )y semicolons. 9?. 0ist down font characteristics *ermitted in style sheets. 1.font-family ".font-si=e 9.font-wei ht ?.font-style 96. #rite a note on content *ositionin characteristic UZEisi)ilityUZ. Ena)les the doc!ment a!thor to selecti(ely dis*lay or conceal *ositioned contentR Possi)le (al!es are show or hide. 9G. 0ist o!t the differences )etween :a(a scri*t H E@ scri*t. 9-. #hat is the ad(anta e of client side *ro rammin ' 97. 0ist o!t the (ario!s client side *ro rammin lan !a es. 94. #hat is ;a(a scri*t' ?8. #hat are the !ses of :a(a scri*t' ?1. #hat is the !se of *rom*t and confirm commands. ?". #hat are the (ario!s )rowsers to )e s!**orted . ?9. #rite a ;a(a scri*t *ro ram to *rint first 188 n!m)ers . ??. #rite a ;a(a scri*t *ro ram to *rint Armstron n!m)ers )etween 1 to 688. ?6. Draw the D&5 model. PART @ 1. E+*lain the doc!ment o);ect model architect!re ". E+*lain the (ario!s e(ent handlers in ;a(a scri*t. <i(e an e+am*le. 9. #rite a ;a(a scri*t *ro ram to de(elo* the arithmetic calc!lator ?. #rite a ;a(a scri*t *ro ram to *erform the (alidation *rocess in an a**lication *ro rams 6. #rite short notes on scri*tin lan !a es. G. #hat are the (ario!s ;a(a scri*t o);ects' E+*lain each with an e+am*le. -. $ow to (alidate the check )o+ and check )o+ ro!*' 7. E+*lain a)o!t ty*es of cascadin style sheet' E+*lain with e+am*le 4. E+*lain the (ario!s .%% *ro*erties 18. #hat is html' e+*lain the (ario!s html ta s to de(elo* the we) *a es.

11. #hat is the !se of $T50 Forms' .reate a $T50 Form *a e for Railway Re istration Form 1". #hat is .%% ' 0ist o!t the Eario!s .%% Pro*erties. E+*lain the (ario!s conce*ts of .%% *ro*erties with neat e+am*le. 19. #hat are the ty*es of .%%' E+*lain any two with neat e+am*le. 1?. E+*lain Dhtml. 16. E+*lain how Dhtml !sed to de(elo* the we) *a es. 1G. #ith a neat dia ram write a %.RIPT PR&<RA5 with (alidation for the followin 1each *ro ram carries 1G marks2 L %t!dent 5ark 0ist L In(entory %ystem L Em*loyee Pay %li* eneration L Railway Ticket Reser(ation L &nline Q!i= *ro ram 1-. Draw form desi n L Desi n m!st ha(e one Primary key field > always L check for d!*lication for the *rimary key field L em*- name, *rod!ct- name, de*t-name etc sho!ld not )e )lank L #rite a f!nction for all these (alidation L #hen yo! introd!ce any n!m)er field, always check it is ne ati(e or not, if it so do not acce*t the in*!t (al!e L For calc!lations always !se *ro ram conce*t, do not ask the !ser to enter total, ross etc. L Instead thro! h *ro ram calc!late <ross.(al!e N (al1)asic.(al!e ^ hra.(al!e^da.(al!e2 L Always !se (al or ParseInt f!nction when yo! *erform calc!lation with n!m)ers. L for a(oidin too m!ch of (alidation )etter !se the followin in the desi n itself L Radio )!tton L .ommand )!tton L .heck )o+ L 0ist )o+ L 5!st introd!ce %U@5IT H RE%ET )!tton at the end of the desi n 17. E+*lain in detail a)o!t all the ty*es of .ascadin %tyle sheet with an e+am*le Pro ram draw the form desi n 14. 5ention the 9 ty*es of .%% "8. #rite e+am*le *ro ram for each ty*e of .%%

"1. #rite the differences and ad(anta es of each .%% "". #rite short notes on the followin "9. #rite short notes on :a(a %cri*t/Ad(anta es of %cri*tin L :a(a %cri*t control statements L :a(a %cri*t f!nctions "?. Disc!ss )riefly a)o!t $T50 > &);ect 5odel and .ollections L &);ect modelin L &);ect Referencin L Dynamic %tyles L Dynamic Positionin "6. Disc!ss )riefly Dynamic $T50 > E(ent 5odel "G. #rite %hort notes on e(ent model "-. E+*lain E(ent )!))lin with an e+am*le *ro ram "7. $ow can we :a(a%cri*t !sin &);ects. <i(e an E+am*le "4. #ith an e+am*le descri)e ;a(a scri*ts .ontrol str!ct!re. 98. E+*lain a)o!t .%%. 91. #ith an e+am*le descri)e ;a(a scri*ts .ontrol str!ct!re 9". #hat are %tyle %heets' 0ist down the ways of incl!din style information in a doc!ment. E+*lain a)o!t ty*es of cascadin style sheet' E+*lain with e+am*le. 99. #hat are the methods associated with array o);ect in :a(a%cri*t' E+*lain each one with an e+am*le. 9?. #rite a :a(a%cri*t to dis*lay a welcome )!tton of an html form is *ressed 96. #hat do yo! mean )y .%%' Disc!ss the *ro*erties of .%%-le(el-1 in detail with s!ita)le e+am*le. 9G. #rite a :a(a%cri*t *ro ram to demonstrate the :a(a%cri*t e(ents. 9-. Desi n a we)*a e with a te+t)o+ where the !ser can enter a fo!r di it n!m)er and a )!tton A(alidateB . Ealidate the entered n!m)er for the followin !sin ;a(a scri*t. No =ero as the first di it Entered n!m)er m!st )e in ascendin order of di its 1E+I1"9?,6G-7P2 97. #rite the com*lete :a(a%cri*t to *rom*t the !ser for the radi!s of the s*here and call f!nction s*here Eol!me to calc!late and dis*lay the (ol!me of the s*here. Use the statement. Eol!meN1?.8/9.82S5ath.PIS5ath.*ow1radi!s,92 94. To calc!late the (ol!me, the !ser sho!ld in*!t the radi!s thro! h an $T50 te+t field and *ress an $T50 )!tton to initiate the calc!lations. ?8. #hat are the o);ecti(es of !sin .ascadin style sheet' @riefly e+*lain a)o!t linkin of e+ternal %tyle sheets and fi+in the )ack ro!nds.

?1. E+*lain the conce*t of .%% and its *ro*erties and its !ses with an e+am*le. ?". Usin a :a(a%cri*t create a we) *a e !sin two ima e files , which switch )etween one another as the mo!se *ointer mo(es o(er the ima es. ?9. #rite :a(a%cri*t for the followin . Pro(ide a te+t )o+ for the !ser enter !ser name. (alidate the !sername for the no. of characters1ass!me some no. say G2. Pro(ide a %U@5IT )!tton for the (alidation to ha**en. &n s!ccessf!l (alidation dis*lay a new *a e with an ima e and two te+t )o+es for enterin the width and hei ht of the ima e res*ecti(ely with a RE%IJE )!tton )elow. &n clickin the Resi=e )!tton (alidate the width and hei ht n!m)ers and on s!ccessf!l (alidation dis*lay the ima e with the reF!ested width and hei ht. ??. De(elo* a sim*le online sho**in a**lication !sin :a(a%cri*t1Ass!me yo!r own data2 ?6. #hat are %tyle %heets' 0ist down the ways of incl!din style information in a doc!ment. E+*lain a)o!t ty*es of cascadin style sheet' E+*lain with e+am*le. ?G. #hat is .%% ' 0ist o!t the Eario!s .%% Pro*erties. E+*lain the (ario!s conce*ts of .%% *ro*erties with neat e+am*le. ?-. E+*lain the (ario!s e(ent handlers in ;a(a scri*t. <i(e an e+am*le of each. #rite a ;a(a scri*t *ro ram to de(elo* the arithmetic calc!lator . ?7. de(elo* the we) *a e for em*loyee mana ement system and (alidate all the fields !sin ;a(a scri*t. 1NoteI The we) *a e sho!ld contain all the html forms control2 ?4. E+*lain a)o!t cascadin style sheets in detail. i. %tyle sheet r!les ii. %tylin a *a e iii. 0inkin style sheets i(. Inline style sheets. 68. #rite a C$T50 *ro ram to create a we) *a e for yo!r colle e information !sin any one .%% ty*e 1Ass!me yo!r own data2 .E+*lain the (ario!s .%% *ro*erties in detail. #rite a s!ita)le code each *ro*erty. 61. De(elo* a :a(a%cri*t *ro ram to dis*lay a messa e A$I X <&&D 5&RNIN< T& D&UB when a *a e is loaded and dis*lay a messa e AT$ANK% T& EI%IT &UR #E@ PA<EB when a *a e is !nloaded. 6". Desi n a we) *a e with a te+t )o+ 1!sername2 where the !ser can enter a name and another te+t )o+ 1ID2 where the !ser enter an only fo!r

di it ID.N& and a )!tton A(alidateB. Ealidate the entered !sername and ID field for the followin !sin ;a(a scri*t. i. @oth the fields sho!ld not )e em*ty ii. Name field sho!ld ha(e al*ha)ets iii. ID field sho!ld ha(e n!meric. UNIT - III PART - A 1. 0ist any two key)oard e(ents' L onKey*ress L onKeyU* L onKeyDown ". 0ist any two mo!se e(ents' L on5o!seU* L on5o!seDown L on5o!se&(er L on.lick 9. #hat are %er(lets' A small *ro ram that r!ns on a ser(er, the term !s!ally refers to a :a(a a**let that r!ns within a #e) ser(er en(ironment. This is analo o!s to a :a(a a**let that r!ns within a #e) )rowser en(ironment. :a(a ser(lets are )ecomin increasin ly *o*!lar as an alternati(e to .<I *ro rams. The )i est difference )etween the two is that a :a(a a**let is *ersistent. This means that once it is started, it stays in memory and can f!lfill m!lti*le reF!ests. In contrast, a .<I *ro ram disa**ears once it has f!lfilled a reF!est. The *ersistence of :a(a a**lets makes them faster )eca!se thereUVs no wasted time in settin !* and tearin down the *rocess. ?. #hat are A**lets'

A *ro ram desi ned to )e e+ec!ted from within another a**lication. Unlike an a**lication, a**lets cannot )e e+ec!ted directly from the o*eratin system. #ith the rowin *o*!larity of &0E 1o);ect linkin and em)eddin 2, a**lets are )ecomin more *re(alent. A well-desi ned a**let can )e in(oked from many different a**lications. #e) )rowsers, who are often eF!i**ed with :a(a (irt!al machines, can inter*ret a**lets from #e) ser(ers. @eca!se a**lets are small in files si=e, cross-*latform com*ati)le, and hi hly sec!re 1can3t )e !sed to access !sersUV hard dri(es2, they are ideal for small Internet a**lications accessi)le from a )rowser. 6. #hat do yo! mean )y %er(er-side' &cc!rrin on the ser(er side of a client-ser(er system. For e+am*le, on the #orld #ide #e), .<I scri*ts are ser(er-side a**lications )eca!se they r!n on the #e) ser(er. In contrast, :a(a%cri*t scri*ts are client-side )eca!se they are e+ec!ted )y yo!r )rowser 1the client2. :a(a a**lets can )e either ser(er-side or client- side de*endin on which com*!ter 1the ser(er or the client2 e+ec!tes them. G. E+*lain the life cycle methods of a %er(let. The ;a(a+.ser(let.%er(let interface defines the three methods known as lifecycle method. *!)lic (oid init1%er(let.onfi confi 2 throws %er(letE+ce*tion *!)lic (oid ser(ice1 %er(letReF!est reF, %er(letRes*onse res2 throws %er(letE+ce*tion, I&E+ce*tion *!)lic (oid destroy12 First the ser(let is constr!cted, then initiali=ed wih the init12 method. Any reF!est from client are handled initially )y the ser(ice12 method )efore dele atin to the doC++12 methods in the case of $tt*%er(let. The ser(let is remo(ed from ser(ice, destroyed with the destroy12 methid, then ar)a ed collected and finali=ed.

-. #hat is the difference )etween the etReF!estDis*atcher1%trin *ath2 method of ;a(a+.ser(let.%er(letReF!est interface and ;a(a+.ser(let.%er(let.onte+t interface' The etReF!estDis*atcher1%trin *ath2 method of ;a(a+.ser(let.%er(letReF!est interface acce*ts *arameter the *ath to the reso!rce to )e incl!ded or forwarded to, which can )e relati(e to the reF!est of the callin ser(let. If the *ath )e ins with a UZ/UZ it is inter*reted as relati(e to the c!rrent conte+t root. The etReF!estDis*atcher1%trin *ath2 method of ;a(a+.ser(let.%er(let.onte+t interface cannot acce*ts relati(e *aths. All *ath m!st sart with a UZ/UZ and are inter*reted as relati(e to c!rent conte+t root. 7. E+*lain the directory str!ct!re of a we) a**lication. The directory str!ct!re of a we) a**lication consists of two *arts. A *ri(ate directory called #E@-INF A *!)lic reso!rce directory which contains *!)lic reso!rce folder. #E@-INF folder consists of 1. we).+ml ". classes directory 9. li) directory 4. #hat are the common mechanisms !sed for session trackin ' .ookies %%0sessions UR0- rewritin 18. E+*lain a)o!t %ession trackin . A session is )asically a con(ersation )etween a )rowser and a ser(er. All the a)o(e technolo ies can sa(e information for the c!rrent session for a *artic!lar !ser (isitin a site. The session is im*ortant, as $1TP is a stateless *rotocol. This means that the connection )etween we) ser(er and a we) )rowser is not a!tomatically maintained, and that the state of a

we) session is not sa(ed. %tate is a eneral term that incl!des UZe(erythin a)o!t yo!r sit!ationUZ and the s*ecifics (ary )ased on the a**lication. In a word *rocessor, the state of the a**lication wo!ld incl!de which windows are o*en, where they are on the screen, and what files yo! most recently !sed. In a we) a**lication, the state wo!ld incl!de any data that yo! had entered, the res!lts of any F!eries that yo! had r!n, and yo!r sec!rity access information 1e. . whether yo! ha(e lo ed in to the site2. 11. E+*lain %er(let.onte+t %er(let.onte+t interface is a window for a ser(let to (iew itUVs en(ironment. A ser(let can !se this interface to et information s!ch as initiali=ation *arameters for the we) a**licationor ser(let containerUVs (ersion. E(ery we) a**lication has one and only one %er(let.onte+t and is accessi)le to all acti(e reso!rce of that a**lication 1". #hat is *reinitiali=ation of a ser(let' A container doesnot initiali=e the ser(lets ass soon as it starts !*, it initiali=es a ser(let when it recei(es a reF!est for that ser(let first time. This is called la=y loadin . The ser(let s*ecification defines the Mload-onstart!*O element, which can )e s*ecified in the de*loyment descri*tor to make the ser(let container load and initiali=e the ser(let as soon as it starts !*. The *rocess of loadin a ser(let )efore any reF!est comes in is called *reloadin or *reinitiali=in a ser(let. 19. #hat is the difference )etween Difference )etween do<et12 and doPost12' A do<et12 method is limited with "k of data to )e sent, and doPost12 method doesnUVt ha(e this limitation. A reF!est strin for do<et12 looks like the followin I htt*I//www.alla**la)s.com/s(t1'*1N(1H*"N("H...H*NN(N doPost12 method call doesnUVt need a lon te+t tail after a ser(let name in a reF!est. All *arameters are stored in a reF!est itself, not in a reF!est strin , and itUVs im*ossi)le to !ess the data transmitted to a ser(let only lookin at a reF!est strin .

1?. #hat is the difference )etween $tt*%er(let and <eneric%er(let' A <eneric%er(let has a ser(ice12 method aimed to handle reF!ests. $tt*%er(let e+tends <eneric%er(let and adds s!**ort for do<et12, doPost12, do$ead12 methods 1$TTP 1.82 *l!s doP!t12, do&*tions12, doDelete12, doTrace12 methods 1$TTP 1.12. @oth these classes are a)stract.

16. #hat is the difference )etween %er(let.onte+t and %er(let.onfi ' %er(let.onte+tI Defines a set of methods that a ser(let !ses to comm!nicate with its ser(let container, for e+am*le, to et the 5I5E ty*e of a file, dis*atch reF!ests, or write to a lo file.The %er(let.onte+t o);ect is contained within the %er(let.onfi o);ect, which the #e) ser(er *ro(ides the ser(let when the ser(let is initiali=ed %er(let.onfi I The o);ect created after a ser(let is instantiated and its defa!lt constr!ctor is read. It is created to *ass PART @ 1. E+*lain the conce*t of %er(lets with an e+am*le *ro ram ". E+*lain a)o!t a**let to ser(let comm!nication with e+am*le *ro ram' 9. E+*lain a)o!t a**let-to-a**let comm!nication with e+am*le *ro ram' ?. E+*lain a)o!t ser(let interfaces with sni**et code' 6. #hat are attri)!tes are a(aila)le for ser(let and e+*lain each of them G. #hat do mean )y .onnection *oolin ' E+*lain it with an e+am*le. -. #hat is $TTP T!nnelin ' E+*lain with an e+am*le 7. #hatUVs the difference )etween sendRedirect1 2 and forward1 2 methods' E+*lain each with an e+am*le 4. 0ist down the methods of <eneric%er(let .E+*lain ach of them with an e+am*le 18. 0ist down the methods of $tt*%er(let .E+*lain ach of them with an e+am*le 0ist down the methods of %e(let.onfi .E+*lain ach of them with an e+am*le 11. 0ist down the methods of %er(letconte+t .E+*lain ach of them with an e+am*le 1". E+*lain im*licit o);ects with e+am*le 19. E+*lain a)o!t :%P e+*ressions

1?. E+*lain a)o!t :%P actions with e+am*le 16. #rite down the differences )etween M;s*I incl!deO and M`incl!dePO with e+am*le 1G. @riefly e+*lain a)o!t :a(a %er(er Pa es technolo y 1-. #hy do I need :%P technolo y if I already ha(e ser(lets' And e+*lain the feat!res of :%P o(er ser(let. 17. E+*lain how are the :%P reF!ests handled with an e+am*le' 14. #hat are Directi(es' E+*lain a)o!t :%P dieci(es. "8. E+*lain in details a)o!t ta li) . "1. E+*lain the conce*ts of :%P directi(es with s!ita)le e+am*le. "". E+*lain T$E (ario!s session trackin 5E.$ANI%5%. "9. E+*lain the architecht!re of a %er(let' "?. E+*lain life cycle of a %er(let' "6. #hat is %er(let .hainin ' E+*lain with an e+am*le "G. E+*lain the conce*ts of %er(let chainin and comm!nications. "-. E+*lain a)o!t session trackin . "7. Two ways of maintainin the sessionsI i. .ookies ii. Rewritin UR0s "4. E+am*le for session trackin , %ho**in cart 98. E+*lain the feat!re of 5!lti-tier a**lication !sin ser(let architect!re. 91. E+*lain the %er(let architect!re with its f!nctionality. 9". De(elo* an $T50 doc!ment to enerate )allot form for an election. The (otes s!)mitted are recorded on the ser(er )y a ser(let handlin the form. .ookies m!st )e !sed to *re(ent m!lti*le (otes )y the same client. 99. #hat is D&5' E+*lain its !sa e with $T50 with an e+am*le. 9?. #rite a ser(let *ro ram to im*lement session trackin !sin $TTP session o);ect. 96. .om*are :%P with ser(lets. 9G. Disc!ss the traditional methods of session trackin techniF!es in ser(let e+*lain with e+am*le. 9-. E+*lain D&5. #rite a :a(ascri*t Pro ram to (alidate Radio @!tton,.$E.K@&C and &PTI&N fields. 97. E+*lain the ser(let life cycle model and e+*lain ;a(a+.ser(let *acka e 94. #rite a $TTP ser(let *ro ram to a!thenticate a !ser and retrie(e all information from a $T50 re istration Form and store in a i(en data )ase. ?8. E+*lain the (ario!s :a(a %cri*t o);ects H $ost o);ects

?1. #hat is D&5' Draw the detailed D&5 o);ects str!ct!re. E+*lain with its !sa e.

UNIT - IE PART - A 1. #$AT I% T$E U%E &F C50 NA5E%PA.E' L C50 allows doc!ment a!thors to create c!stom elements. L This e+tensi)ility can res!lt in namin collisions 1i.e. different elements that ha(e the same name2 amon elements in an C50 doc!ment. L An C50 names*ace is a collection of element and attri)!te names. Each names*ace has a !niF!e name that *ro(ides a means for doc!ment a!thors to !nam)i !o!sly refer to elements with the same name 1i.e. *re(ent collisions2. ". #$AT ARE T$E U%E% &F C50' L .50 > .hemical 5ark!* 0an !a e > for chemical eF!ations L 550 - 5athematical 5ark!* 0an !a e > for 5athematical eF!ations and deri(ations. L Used in )io medical line. 9. #$AT I% T$E U%E &F C50' E+tensi)le 5ark!* 0an !a e, deri(ed from %<50 1%tandard <enerali=ed 5ark!* 0an !a e. C50 is widely s!**orted o*en technolo y 1i.e. non-*ro*rietary2 for electronic data e+chan e and stora e. C50 is act!ally a lan !a e !sed to create other mark!* lan !a es to descri)e data in a str!ct!red manner. L C50 doc!ments contain only data, not formattin instr!ctions, so a**lications that *rocess C50 doc!ments m!st decide how to mani*!late or dis*lay the doc!ment3s data. ?. #$AT D& D&U 5EAN @D DTD IN C50' L DTD means Doc!ment Ty*e Definition. L DTD file is similar to .%% file, )eca!se DTD also contains only styles. L DTD contains (ario!s styles which are to )e a**lied in C50 doc!ment .

L 0ike ..%% file .DTD file also sho!ld )e linked with C50 *ro ram. %tyles in C50 *ro ram sho!ld )e sa(e with .+sl 1Cml %tyle %heet 0an !a e2 e+tension. 6. Define C50. L C50 is a meta-mark!* lan !a e that *ro(ides a format for descri)in str!ct!red data. This facilitates more str!ct!red declarations of content and more meanin f!l search res!lts across m!lti*le *latforms. G. Define DTD. L A DTD is a set of r!les that s*ecifies how to !se C50 mark!*. It contains s*ecifications for each element, incl!din what the elementUVs attri)!tes are, what (al!es the attri)!tes can take on and what elements can )e contained in others. -. #hat are the C50 r!les for distin !ishin )etween the content of a doc!ment and the C50 mark!* element' 1.The start of C50 mark!* elements is identified )y either the less than sym)ol 1M2 or the am*ersand 1H2 character ".Three other characters, the reater than sym)ol 1O2, the a*ostro*he or sin le F!ote 1_2 and the do!)le F!otation marks 1A2 are !sed )y C50 for mark!*. 9.To !se these s*ecial characters as content within yo!r doc!ment, yo! m!st !se the corres*ondin eneral C50 entity. 7. #hat are the different C%0T elements' L %tylesheet L Eal!e-of L For-each L %ort L Te+t 4. #hat is EoiceC50' EoiceC50 is an emer in standard for s*eech-ena)led a**lications.Its C50 synta+ defines elements to control a seF!ence of interaction dialo s )etween a !ser and an im*lementation *latform. EoiceC50 !ses C50 te+t to dri(e (oice dialo s. 18. #hat is CQ!ery'

CQ!ery is a #9. initiati(e to define a standard set of constr!cts for F!eryin and searchin C50 doc!ments. CQ!ery )rin s data)ase F!ery *rocessin to C50. 11. #hat is CForm' CForm is an C50 a**roach that o(ercomes the limitations of $T50 forms. CForm incl!des a (ariety of )!ttons, scroll)ars and men!s. It enerates C50 form data as o!t*!t. CFormUVs model has the ca*a)ility to work with the (ariety of !ser interfaces. 1". #hat is CPath' C*ath is !sed to na(i ate C50 tree str!ct!res. CPath ets its name from its !se of a *ath notation to na(i ate thro! h the hierarchical tree str!ct!re of an C50 doc!ment. It is an im*ortant C50 technolo y d!e to its role in *ro(idin a common synta+ and semantics for f!nctionality in )oth C%0T and CPointer. 19. what are com*le+ ty*es' com*le+ ty*es are an im*ortant as*ects of +ml schema that allow a**lication de(elo*ers to define a**lication-s*ecific dataty*es that can )e checked )y *ro rams that check C50 doc!ment for (alidity. C50 schema di(ides com*le+ ty*es into two cate oriesI those with sim*le content H those with com*le+ content. 1?. #hat all are the *resentation technolo ies' .%% - cascadin syle sheets C%0 - *ro(ides !sers with a)ility to descri)e how +ml data H doc!ment are to )e formated. Cforms - it is a <UI toolkit for creatin !ser interfaces H deli(erin the res!lts in C50. Chtml - it is !sed yo re*lace $T50 with more fle+a)le a**roach to dis*lay we)content. EoiceC50 - it is an emer in standard for s*eech ena)led a**lication. 16. what are all the Transformation techniF!es' C%0T - it is an C50- )ased lan !a es !sed to transform C50 doc!ments into others format s!ch as $T50 for we) dis*lay. C0INK - hi hli htin that element or takin the !ser directly to that *oint in the doc!ment. CPAT$ - +*ath ets its name from its !se of a *ayh notation to na(i ate thro! h the hierarchical tree str!ct!re of an C50 doc!ment

CQUERD - it is w9c initiati(e to define a standard set of constr!cts for F!eryin H searchin C50 doc!ment. 1G. .E+*lain any two CForm im*lementations' C-%miles - it is a ;a(a )ased C50 )rowser.it im*lements a lar e *art of Cforms H !ses C-form to ether with C%0-F& on !ser interface side. 5o=F!ito Cforms *re(iew - is an C50 )ased #e) de(elo*ement s/w that im*lements Cforms H i(es c!rrent #e) )rowser the a)ility to send,recei(e H *rocess C50 doc!ment. 1-. what are the Im*ortants of %AC' %AC is an e(ent dri(en. %AC s!**orts *rocessin *i*elines. %AC reF!ires *ro rammers to maintain state. 17. #hat is metadata' 0iterally data a)o!t data. C50 element and attri)!te names are considered metadata in that they may )e !sed to descri)e the data contained in a doc!ment. 5etadata isn3t needed )!t it certainly hel*s. 14. #hat is DTD' $ow is it different from C50' DTD stands for Doc!ment Ty*e Definition DTD is a descri*tion of the str!ct!re H the elements and attri)!tes that define a class of C50 doc!ment. DTD can )e declared )oth internally in a C50 doc!ment and as an e+ternal reference. DTD Cml %chema Dtd is !sed to define the str!ct!re of an +ml doc!ment. Cml schema is !sed to define the str!ct!re of an +ml doc!ment. Data ty*e for elements limited to te+t. ". N!mero!s *redefined data ty*es a(aila)le. .om*le+ data ty*es cannot )e defined. 9. A)ility to define com*le+ ty*e that ma* to a**lication data str!ct!re. Dtd doc!ment is stored as Afilename.dtdB ?.Cml schema doc!ment is stored as Afilename.+mlB "8. #hat is C50' $ow it is different from $T50' Cml is the te+t )ased make !* lan !a e that stores the data in a str!ct!red format !sin meanin f!l ta s. It allows com*!ters to store and e+chan e data in a format that can )e inter*reted )y any other com*!ter with different hardware or software s*ecification.

C50 $T50 .+ml stands for E+tensi)le mark!* lan !a e $T50 stands for $y*er Te+t 5ark U* 0an !a e.".%e(eral lan !a es are deri(ed from +ml H wml $T50 can )e deri(ed from +ml. Cml !ses indefinite, !ser defined, meanin f!l set of ta s which can )e !sed to incl!de C50 data in the we)*a e. $T50 !ses a fi+ed set of ta s which can )e !sed to s*ecify the a**earance of the we)*a e.

"1. Define Directi(es. L Directi(es are :%P elements that *ro(ide lo)al information a)o!t an entire :%P *a e, "". #rite down the (ario!s attri)!tes for the *a e directi(es in :%P. L The *a e directi(e defines information that will )e lo)ally a(aila)le for that :a(a %er(er Pa e, L lan !a e L e+tends L im*ort L session L )!ffer L contentty*e "9. #hat is a $idden .omment' A comments that doc!ments the :%P *a e )!t is not sent to the client. The :%P en ine i nores a hidden comment, and does not *rocess any code within hidden comment ta s. A hidden comment is not sent to the client, either in the dis*layed :%P *a e or the $T50 *a e so!rce. The hidden comment is !sef!l when yo! want to hide or UZcomment o!tUZ *art of yo!r :%P *a e. "?. Do! can !se any characters in the )ody of the comment e+ce*t the closin --TO com)ination. If yo! need to !se --TO in yo!r comment, yo! can esca*e it )y ty*in --TUUO. :%P%ynta+ MT-- comment --TO E+am*les

MT` *a e lan !a eNUZ;a(aUZ TO MhtmlO MheadOMtitleOA $idden .omment M/titleOM/headO M)odyO MT-- This comment will not )e (isi)le to the colent in the *a e so!rce --TO M/)odyO M/htmlO "6. #hat is a E+*ression' An e+*ression ta contains a scri*tin lan !a e e+*ression that is e(al!ated, con(erted to a %trin , and inserted where the e+*ression a**ears in the :%P file. @eca!se the (al!e of an e+*ression is con(erted to a %trin , yo! can !se an e+*ression within te+t in a :%P file. 0ike MTN somee+*ression TO MTN 1new ;a(a.!til.Date122.to0ocale%trin 12 TO Do! cannot !se a semicolon to end an e+*ression "G. #hat is a Declaration' A declaration declares one or more (aria)les or methods for !se later in the :%P so!rce file. A declaration m!st contain at least one com*lete declarati(e statement. Do! can declare any n!m)er of (aria)les or methods within one declaration ta , as lon as they are se*arated )y semicolons. The declaration m!st )e (alid in the scri*tin lan !a e !sed in the :%P file. MTX somedeclarations TO MTX int i N 8R TO MTX int a, ), cR TO "-. #hat is a %cri*tlet' A scri*tlet can contain any n!m)er of lan !a e statements, (aria)le or method declarations, or e+*ressions that are (alid in the *a e scri*tin lan !a e.#ithin scri*tlet ta s, yo! can 1.Declare (aria)les or methods to !se later in the file 1see also Declaration2. ".#rite e+*ressions (alid in the *a e scri*tin lan !a e 1see also E+*ression2.

9.Use any of the :%P im*licit o);ects or any o);ect declared with a M;s*I!se@eanO ta . Do! m!st write *lain te+t, $T50-encoded te+t, or other :%P ta s o!tside the scri*tlet. %cri*tlets are e+ec!ted at reF!est time, when the :%P en ine *rocesses the client reF!est. If the scri*tlet *rod!ces o!t*!t, the o!t*!t is stored in the o!t o);ect, from which yo! can dis*lay it. "7. #hat are im*licit o);ects' 0ist them' .ertain o);ects that are a(aila)le for the !se in :%P doc!ments witho!t )ein declared first. These o);ects are *arsed )y the :%P en ine and inserted into the enerated ser(let. The im*licit o);ects re listed )elow reF!est res*onse *a e.onte+t session a**lication o!t confi *a e e+ce*tion "4. Difference )etween forward and sendRedirect' #hen yo! in(oke a forward reF!est, the reF!est is sent to another reso!rce on the ser(er, witho!t the client )ein informed that a different reso!rce is oin to *rocess the reF!est. This *rocess occ!rs com*letly with in the we) container. #hen a sendRedirtect method is in(oked, it ca!ses the we) container to ret!rn to the )rowser indicatin that a new UR0 sho!ld )e reF!ested. @eca!se the )rowser iss!es a com*letly new reF!est any o);ect that are stored as reF!est attri)!tes )efore the redirect occ!rs will )e lost. This e+tra ro!nd tri* a redirect is slower than forward. 98. #hat are the different sco*e (ali!es for the M;s*I!se@eanO' The different sco*e (al!es for M;s*I!se@eanO are *a e reF!est session a**lication 91. E+*lain the life-cycle mehtods in :%P'

T$e enerated ser(let class for a :%P *a e im*lements the $tt*:s*Pa e interface of the ;a(a+.ser(let.;s* *acka e. $te $tt*:s*Pa e interface e+tends the :s*Pa e interface which int!rn e+tends the %er(let interface of the ;a(a+.ser(let *acka e. the enerated ser(let class th!s im*lements all the methods of the these three interfaces. The :s*Pa e interface declares only two mehtods - ;s*Init12 and ;s*Destroy12 that m!st )e im*lemented )y all :%P *a es re ardless of the client-ser(er *rotocol. $owe(er the :%P s*ecification has *ro(ided the $tt*:s*Pa e interfaec s*ecifically for the :%* *a es ser(in $TTP reF!ests. This interface declares one method W;s*%er(ice12. The ;s*Init12- The container calls the ;s*Init12 to initiali=e te ser(let instance.It is called )efore any other method, and is called only once for a ser(let instance. The W;s*ser(ice12- The container calls the W;s*ser(ice12 for each reF!est, *assin it the reF!est and the res*onse o);ects. The ;s*Destroy12- The container calls this when it decides take the instance o!t of ser(ice. It is the last method called n the ser(let instance. 9". #hat is a o!t*!t comment' A comment that is sent to the client in the (iewa)le *a e so!rce.The :%P en ine handles an o!t*!t comment as !ninter*reted $T50 te+t, ret!rnin the comment in the $T50 o!t*!t sent to the client. Do! can see the comment )y (iewin the *a e so!rce from yo!r #e) )rowser. :%P %ynta+ MX-- comment a MTN e+*ression TO b --O E+am*le 1 MX-- This is a commnet sent to client on MTN 1new ;a(a.!til.Date122.to0ocale%trin 12 TO--O Dis*lays in the *a e so!rceI MX-- This is a commnet sent to client on :an!ary "?, "88? --O 99. Define A%P. Acti(e %er(er Pa es 1A%P2 is a ser(er-side scri*tin technolo y that can )e !sed to create dynamic and interacti(e we) a**lications. 9?. #hat are the A%P o);ects' 1.A**lication -It mana es yo!r we) a**lication.

".%ession -It mana es and tracks indi(id!al !ser sessions. 9.%er(er -It controls )eha(ior of yo!r we) ser(er ?.Res*onse -It transmits information from the we) ser(er to we) )rowser 6.ReF!est -It retrie(es information from the )rowser for *rocessin at the ser(er. 96. #hat is lo)al.asa file' The lo)al.asa file is a Acti(e %er(er A**lication file yo! can track and mana e the a**lication and session e(ents, (aria)les and o);ects. #hen yo! start the a**lication the ser(er will load the lo)al.asa file into memory. 9G. Define res*onse o);ect and list its methods. The res*onse o);ect transmits information from the we) ser(er to )rowser. 5ethods areI 1.#rite ".@inary#rite 9.Redirect ?.A**endTo0o 6.Add$eader G..lear -.Fl!sh 9-. Define :%P. :a(a %er(er Pa es 1:%P2 are sim*le technolo y !sed to enerate dynamic $T50 on the ser(er side. 97. Define Directi(es. Directi(es are :%P elements that *ro(ide lo)al information a)o!t an entire :%P *a e, 94. #rite down the (ario!s attri)!tes for the *a e directi(es in :%P. The *a e directi(e defines information that will )e lo)ally a(aila)le for that :a(a %er(er Pa e, 1. lan !a e ". e+tends 9. im*ort

?. session 6. )!ffer G. contentty*e ?8. Define C50. C50 stands for ECtensi)le 5ark!* 0an !a e C50 is a mark!* lan !a e m!ch like $T50 C50 was desi ned to carry data, not to dis*lay data C50 ta s are not *redefined. Do! m!st define yo!r own ta s C50 is desi ned to )e self-descri*ti(e C50 is a #9. Recommendation ?1. .Define DTD. A Doc!ment Ty*e Definition 1DTD2 defines the le al )!ildin )locks of an C50 doc!ment. It defines the doc!ment str!ct!re with a list of le al elements and attri)!tes. A DTD can )e declared inline inside an C50 doc!ment, or as an e+ternal reference. ?". 5ention the r!les of well-formed C50. ?9. #hat is DTD' E+*lain it with e+am*le. ??. #rite short notes on A%P. ?6. #rite short notes on :%P. ?G. E+*lain a)o!t *l! -ins. ?-. E+*lain in detail a)o!t User E(ents 5onitorin . ?7. Disc!ss in detail a)o!t &racle data)ase ?4. E+*lain a)o!t AD& data)ase connecti(ity. 68. E+*lain a)o!t :D@. connecti(ity. 61. #rite short notes on C50 $istory 6". #hat are the different re(ol!tion in which C50 is *layin a ma;or role' 69. #hat are the ad(anta es of +ml' 6?. #hat is we)ser(ices' 66. #hat are all the +ml lan !a e )asics' 6G. #hat is entities'<i(e E+am*le. 6-. #hat is the role of +ml' 67. #hat are Cforms' 64. #hat is EoiceC50' G8. #hat is CPath' G1. #hat are the Element Namin R!les !sed in C50'

G". #hat are the ad(anta es of schema o(er DTD' G9. #hat are the dataty*es in an +ml schema' G?. #hat is D&5' #hat are the different le(els of D&5' G6. #hat are the draw)acks of .%%' GG. E+*lain the creation of e+ternal DTD with e+am*le' G-. #hat is (alid +ml doc!ment' Part >@ 1. E+*lain the Roles and Ad(anta es of C50. ". E+*lain )riefly the The Three Re(ol!tions C50 9. E+*lain C50 H DTD. ?. e+*lain the )asics of C50 0an !a e 6. E+*lain )riefly +ml Transformation' G. E+*lain )riefly C50 %chemaI -. E+*lain %im*le API for +ml1%AC2I 7. E+*lain a)o!t Presentation TechniF!e' 4. %hort notes on C50 Names*aces' 18. E+*lain )riefly DTD' 11. @riefly E+*lain A)o!t $TTP H C50-RP. 1". E+*lain a)o!t :%P with e+am*le *ro ram. 19. 5ention the r!les of well-formed C50. 1?. #hat is DTD' E+*lain it with e+am*le. 16. Descri)e the followin in detail. 1G. :%P %tandard Actions. 1-. :%P Directi(es. 17. #hat is a DTD 1doc!ment Ty*e Definition2 . #hat are its a**lications' 14. #rite a C50 schema for a 5o(ie data )ase ta)le with the followin str!ct!reI "8. 5o(ie1name, director,dateWreleased, record2, name1firstname, midname, lastname2, dateWreleased1date, month, year2 "1. #rite an A%P/:%P code to access a ta)le and records from a st!dent data)ase to o)tain the res!lt of a st!dent. "". 0ist o!t o);ects associated with :%P/A%P and hi hli ht the feat!res of each o);ect. E+*lain the (ario!s :%P elements. "9. #rite similarities and dissimilarities )etween C50 and D$T50. "?. #rite a DTD for the followin schema 1em*Wid, em*Wname1firstname, lastname2, do)1dd,mm,yyyy2, address1city, state22.

"6. .reate a C50 doc!ment to store (oter ID, (oter name, address and date of )irth details. .reate a DTD to (alidate the doc!ment. "G. Disc!ss the followin i2 %*ecify the set o!t de(elo*ment oals of C50. ii2 $ow is C50 defined' <i(e the C50 synta+ and str!ct!re r!les. E+*lain the C50 com*onents in detail.

UNIT - E PART - A 1. #hat is %&AP' 1%im*le &);ect Access Protocol2 L %&AP is an C50 )ased *rotocol that allows a**lications to easily o(er the internet !sin C50 doc!ments called A&AP messa e. L A %&AP messa e contains an en(elo*e, which is a str!ct!re that descri)es a method call. L A %&AP messa e3s )ody contains either a reF!est or a res*onse. L A reF!est messa e3s )ody contains a Remote Proced!re .all 1RP.2, which is a reF!est for another machine to *erform task. L The RP. s*ecifies the method to )e in(oked and any *arameters the method takes. L The a**lication sends the %&AP messa e (ia an $TTP P&%T. A %&AP res*onse messa e is an $TTP res*onse doc!ment that contains the res!lts from the methods call 1e. . ret!rn (al!es, error messa es.2 ". #$AT I% T$E U%E &F #E@ %EREI.E%' L #e) ser(ices encom*ass a set of related standards that can ena)le two com*!ter L The data is *assed )ack and forth !sin standard *rotocols s!ch as $TTP, the same *rotocol !sed to transfer ordinary we) *a es. L #e) ser(ices o*erate !sin o*en, te+t-)ased standards that ena)le com*onents written in different lan !a es and on different *latforms to comm!nicate. L They are ready to !se *ieces of software on the Internet. C50, %&AP, #e) %er(ices Descri*tion 0an !a e 1#%D02 and Uni(ersal Descri*tion,

Disco(ery and Inte ration 1UDDI2 are the standards on which we) ser(ices rely. L UDDI is another C50 )ased format that ena)les de(elo*ers and )!siness to *!)lish and locate #e) ser(ices on a network. 9. #hat do yo! mean )y :D@.' L :D@. Part of the :a(a De(elo*ment Kit which defines an a**lication*ro rammin interface for :a(a for standard %Q0 access to data)ases from :a(a *ro rams. ?. Define &D@.. L It is a standard for accessin different data)ase systems. There are interfaces for Eis!al @asic, Eis!al .^^, %Q0 and the &D@. dri(er *ack contains dri(ers for the Access, Parado+, d@ase, Te+t, E+cel and Retrie(e data)ases. 6. #hat are the ad(anta es of we) ser(ices' Re!sa)le a**lication-com*onents. There are thin s a**lications need (ery often. %o why make these o(er and o(er a ain' #e) ser(ices can offer a**lication-com*onents likeI c!rrency con(ersion, weather re*orts, or e(en lan !a e translation as ser(ices. .onnect e+istin software. #e) ser(ices can hel* to sol(e the intero*era)ility *ro)lem )y i(in different a**lications a way to link their data. #ith #e) ser(ices yo! can e+chan e data )etween different a**lications and different *latforms. G. 0ist o!t some we) ser(ice technolo ies' C50, %&AP, #%D0 -. #hat is C50 ' E+tensi)le mark!* lan !a e. It offer a standard, fle+i)le and inherently e+tensi)le data format, C50 si nificantly red!ces the )!rden of de*loyin the many technolo ies needed to ens!re the s!ccess of #e) ser(ices. 7. #hat is %&AP' %er(ice &riented Architect!re Protocol.

It *ro(ides a standard, e+tensi)le, com*osa)le framework for *acka in and e+chan in C50 messa es. In the conte+t of this architect!re, %&AP also *ro(ides a con(enient mechanism for referencin ca*a)ilities 1ty*ically )y !se of headers2. 4. #hat is #%D0' #e) %er(ices Descri*tion 0an !a e #%D0 is a lan !a e for descri)in #e) ser(ices. #%D0 descri)es #e) ser(ices startin with the messa es that are e+chan ed )etween the reF!ester and *ro(ider a ents. The messa es themsel(es are descri)ed a)stractly and then )o!nd to a concrete network *rotocol and messa e format. 18. #hat are #e) %er(ices' #e) ser(ices are a**lication com*onents #e) ser(ices comm!nicate !sin o*en *rotocols #e) ser(ices are self-contained and self-descri)in #e) ser(ices can )e disco(ered !sin UDDI #e) ser(ices can )e !sed )y other a**lications C50 is the )asis for #e) ser(ices 11.$ow Does we) ser(ices #ork' The )asic #e) ser(ices *latform is C50 ^ $TTP. C50 *ro(ides a lan !a e which can )e !sed )etween different *latforms and *ro rammin lan !a es and still e+*ress com*le+ messa es and f!nctions. The $TTP *rotocol is the most !sed Internet *rotocol. 1". #$AT ARE T$E EARI&U% #e) ser(ices *latform elements' L %&AP 1%im*le &);ect Access Protocol2 L UDDI 1Uni(ersal Descri*tion, Disco(ery and Inte ration2 L #%D0 1#e) %er(ices Descri*tion 0an !a e2 19. #$AT ARE T$E TDPE% &F #e) %EREI.E% AND IT% U%E%' Re!sa)le a**lication-com*onents. There are thin s a**lications need (ery often. %o why make these o(er and o(er a ain' #e) ser(ices can offer a**lication-com*onents likeI c!rrency con(ersion, weather re*orts, or e(en lan !a e translation as ser(ices. .onnect e+istin software.

#e) ser(ices can hel* to sol(e the intero*era)ility *ro)lem )y i(in different a**lications a way to link their data. #ith #e) ser(ices yo! can e+chan e data )etween different a**lications and different *latforms. 1?. #RITE %$&RT N&TE% &N #e) %er(ices Technolo ies' #e) ser(ice architect!re in(ol(es many layered and interrelated technolo ies. There are many ways to (is!ali=e these technolo ies, ;!st as there are many ways to )!ild and !se #e) ser(ices. 16. #RITE %$&RT N&TE% &N %&AP. %&AP 1." *ro(ides a standard, e+tensi)le, com*osa)le framework for *acka in and e+chan in C50 messa es. In the conte+t of this architect!re, %&AP 1." also *ro(ides a con(enient mechanism for referencin ca*a)ilities 1ty*ically )y !se of headers2. a%&AP 1." Part 1b defines an C50-)ased messa in frameworkI a *rocessin model and an e+ensi)ility model. %&AP messa es can )e carried )y a (ariety of network *rotocolsR s!ch as $TTP, %5TP, FTP, R5I/II&P, or a *ro*rietary messa in *rotocol. 1G. DEFINE #%D0. #%D0 ".8a#%D0 ".8 Part 1b is a lan !a e for descri)in #e) ser(ices. #%D0 descri)es #e) ser(ices st artin with the messa es that are e+chan ed )etween the reF!ester and *ro(ider a ents. The messa es themsel(es are descri)ed a)stractly and then )o!nd to a concrete network *rotocol and messa e format. 1-. Draw the architect!re of UDDI. 17. #RITE %$&RT N&TE% &N UDDI Uni(ersal Descri*tion, Disco(ery, and Inte ration 1UDDI2 The directory shown in the a)o(e fi !re co!ld )e a UDDI re istry. The UDDI re istry is intended to e(ent!ally ser(e as a means of UZdisco(erin UZ #e) %er(ices descri)ed !sin #%D0 . The idea is that the UDDI re istry can )e searched in (ario!s ways to o)tain contact information and the #e) %er(ices a(aila)le for (ario!s or ani=ations. $ow m!ch UZdisco(eryUZ will )e !sed in the early days of #e) %er(ices is o*en to disc!ssion. Ne(ertheless, e(en witho!t the disco(ery *ortion, the UDDI re istry is a way to kee* !*-to-date on the #e) %er(ices yo!r or ani=ation c!rrently

!ses. 5ore on Uni(ersal Descri*tion, Disco(ery, and Inte ration 1new window2. An alternati(e to UDDI is the e)C50 Re istry 1new window2. 14. ECP0AIN DTD for C50 %chemas C50 doc!ments are *rocessed )y a**lications A**lications ha(e ass!m*tions a)o!t C50 doc!ments DTDs allow to formali=e some of these constraints Part of the constraint checkin m!st still )e *ro rammed "8. #$AT ARE 5odelin DTDs.' Data models can )e ma**ed to many different DTDs #hat is a ood DTD' #hat is a )ad DTD' $ow does the DTD affect f!rther *rocessin "1. #$AT ARE T$E %&AP Related Technolo ies' %&AP is a sim*le C50-)ased *rotocol to let a**lications e+chan e information o(er $TTP. In o!r %&AP t!torial, yo! will learn what %&AP is, and how it !ses C50 to e+chan e information )etween a**lications. "". DEFINE %&AP str!ct!re %&AP once stood for UV%im*le &);ect Access ProtocolUV )!t this acronym was dro**ed with Eersion 1." of the standard.a1b Eersion 1." )ecame a #9. recommendation on :!ne "?, "889. The acronym is sometimes conf!sed with %&A, which stands for %er(ice-oriented architect!reR howe(er %&AP is different from %&A. "9. #hat is %&AP' L %&AP stands for %im*le &);ect Access Protocol L %&AP is a comm!nication *rotocol L %&AP is for comm!nication )etween a**lications L %&AP is a format for sendin messa es L %&AP comm!nicates (ia Internet L %&AP is *latform inde*endent L %&AP is lan !a e inde*endent L %&AP is )ased on C50 L %&AP is sim*le and e+tensi)le L %&AP allows yo! to et aro!nd firewalls

PART @ 1. ECP0AIN RP.. ". #RITE %$&RT N&TE% &N :AC. 9. ECP0AIN T$E .&N.EPT &F #E@ %EREI.E%. ?. ECP0AIN C50 %.$E5A #IT$ AN ECA5P0E. 6. $ow to )!ild the we) a**lications' E+*lain the ste*s ' G. ECP0AIN %&AP .&N.EPT%. -. #hat are the (ario!s session trackin mechanisms. E+*lain with e+am*le . 7. De(elo* the we) *a e for st!dent mana ement system !sin #E@ %EREI.E%. 4. De(elo* the we) *a e for li)rary mana ement system !sin #E@ %EREI.E%. 18. De(elo* the we) *a e for railway reser(ation system !sin #E@ %EREI.E%. 11. E+*lain #e) %er(ices AR.$ITE.TURE. 1". .onsider a hos*ital system. #rite a P$P *ro ram to consolidate and show the )ill to )e *aid )y the in-*atients1Ass!me yo! own data2 19. ECP0AIN %&AP @UI0DIN< @0&.K%. 1?. #RITE A PR&<RA5 F&R AND T#& #E@%EREI.E%. 16. $&# T& %T&RE T$E :AEA &@:E.T% A% FI0E% 1G. ECP0AIN %ERIA0IJATI&N. 1-. ECP0AIN :D@. .&N.EPT%. 17. ECP0AIN DATA@A%E% AND %ERE0ET .&N.EPT%.