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CEEN 3304 Concrete Design: Stress Distributions

This document summarizes the key concepts from a course on concrete design including: 1) Flexural analysis and design of beams including stress distributions, composite beams, stresses in cracked and uncracked concrete beams, and design aids. 2) Ultimate flexural strength determination using Whitney's equivalent rectangular stress block model. 3) ACI strength reduction factors for tension-controlled, compression-controlled, and transition-controlled failures. 4) Minimum reinforcement requirements and example problems for analyzing and designing reinforced concrete beams and slabs.

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49 views25 pages

CEEN 3304 Concrete Design: Stress Distributions

This document summarizes the key concepts from a course on concrete design including: 1) Flexural analysis and design of beams including stress distributions, composite beams, stresses in cracked and uncracked concrete beams, and design aids. 2) Ultimate flexural strength determination using Whitney's equivalent rectangular stress block model. 3) ACI strength reduction factors for tension-controlled, compression-controlled, and transition-controlled failures. 4) Minimum reinforcement requirements and example problems for analyzing and designing reinforced concrete beams and slabs.

Uploaded by

Engr Swapan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEEN 3304 Concrete Design

Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams


Assistant Professor Civil and Architectural Engineering Program Texas A&M University Kingsville

Francisco Aguiga

Page 1

Stress distributions

Page 2

Concrete beam behavior

Page 3

Composite beams

Satisfy Mint = M, and P = 0

Page 4

Composite beams

dF = dA = (E1)dzdy dF = dA = (E2)ndzdy Equating dF and dF n = E1/E2 The force in material 1 is dF = dA = dA dzdy = ndzdy = n

Page 5

Uncracked concrete beams

Page 6

Stresses in uncracked beam

Page 7

Stresses in uncracked beam

Page 8

Stresses on cracked beam

1. Find neutral axis 2. Find Icr 3. Find stresses


Page 9

Stresses on cracked beam


M = Cjd = fc f bkdjd = c kjbd 2 2 2

fc =

2M kjbd 2

=
b

As bd

(kd )2
2

nAs (d kd ) = 0

M = Tjd = As f s jd
fs = M As jd

k=

(n )2 + 2 n n
kd 3

f C = c bkd 2

jd = d

T = As f s

j = 1

k 3

Page 10

Design aids

Page 11

Example 3.2

Page 12

Ultimate flexural strength


Steel fails when fs = fy Concrete fails when c = u = 0.003 Knowing c need to know: C and

Page 13

Ultimate flexural strength


0.72 0.56 0.425 0.325

Page 14

Ultimate flexural strength

Page 15

Ultimate flexural strength

Page 16

Example 3.3

Page 17

Ultimate flexural strength


Whitneys equivalent rectangular stress block

Page 18

Rectangular stress block

Page 19

Rectangular stress block

Page 20

10

Moment capacity of beams

Page 21

Design aids resistance factor

Page 22

11

Example 3.4

Solve the same beam using the rectangular stress block

Page 23

Limiting reinforcement ratios

Page 24

12

ACI strength reduction factors


ACI (9.3.2) Tension-controlled failure


When c = 0.003, s > 0.005, So = 0.9 When c = 0.003, s < y = 0.002, So = 0.65 When c = 0.003, y < s < 0.005 So = A1 + B1t
A1 = 0.00325 0.9 y 0.005 y

Compression-controlled failure

Transition-controlled failure

B1 =

0.25 0.005 y
Page 25

ACI strength reduction factors


Tension-controlled failure

When c = 0.003, s > 0.005 So = 0.9

tc

Compression-controlled failure

When c = 0.003, s < y So = 0.65 When c = 0.003 We have y < s < 0.005 So = A1 + B1t

Transition-controlled failure

bal

max

Page 26

13

ACI transition-controlled failure


Reason for limiting t > 0.004 in tension-controlled failure (ACI 10.3.5)


=
As bd

bal =

0.85 1 f c' 0.003 fy 0.003 + t

In 2002 ACI code


Limit to max to 0.75bal Results in t = 0.00376, so limit t to 0.004 End up with max < 0.75bal

Page 27

ACI tension-controlled failure


From

c 0.003 = d t 0.003 + t

For t = 0.004, c/dt = 3/7 And cmax = 3/7 dt So amax = 1cmax = 3/71dt So max = 0.364 1 fc/fy (dt/d)

Page 28

14

ACI tension-controlled failure


From

c 0.003 = d t 0.003 + t

For t = 0.005, c/dt = 3/8 And cmax = 3/8 dt So amax = 1cmax = 3/81dt So max = 0.319 1 fc/fy (dt/d)

Page 29

ACI minimum reinforcement


ACI 10.5.1 requires that


As ,min = 3 f c' fy bw d 200 bw d fy

Page 30

15

Example - analysis

Page 31

Example - analysis

Page 32

16

Design of R/C beams


ACI 9.5.2.1 minimum span/depth ratios for beams

Page 33

Design of R/C slabs


ACI 9.5.2.1 minimum span/depth ratios for one-way slabs

Page 34

17

Design of R/C beams


Selection of width ACI 7.6.1, 7.6.2, and 3.3.2 Minimum space for single layer bars

smin = largest of (db or 1 in. or max aggregate size)

Page 35

Design of R/C beams


Minimum space for multiple layers of bars


Bars in upper layer placed directly above bottom layer Clear distance between layers > 1 in. Also satisfy single layer requirements

Page 36

18

Design of R/C beams


Minimum cover

Cast in place concrete protection


in. for slabs and 1 in. for beams and columns Cover > 2 in. Concrete cast directly on ground - cover >= 3 in.

Exposed to weather or in contact with soil


Page 37

Design of R/C beams


Minimum width

Usually #3 or #4 are used for stirrups Minimum cover for bars in beam is 1.5 in. bmin = 2 x 1.5 in. + 2 x 1/2in. + 4 x 1 in. + 3 x 1 in. = 11 in.

Page 38

19

Design example 1

Page 39

Design example 1

Page 40

20

Design example 1

Page 41

Design example 1

Page 42

21

Design example 2

Page 43

Design example 2

As = 0.0124 x 13 x (28 2.5) = 4.11 in.2

Page 44

22

T-beams

Effective flange width beams with slab on both sides (ACI 8.10)

beff < span of beam Eff. overhang width on each side < 8 hf and clear distance to next web

Effective flange width beams with slab on one side only (ACI 8.10)

Effective overhang width less than


1/12 span of beam 6 hf and clear distance to next web

Page 45

T-beams

Page 46

23

T-beams

Page 47

T-beams

Page 48

24

T-beams

Page 49

25

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